ལུག

to huddle heads together like timid sheep, to be sheepish in behaviour


ལུག

lug (romanization)
form ལུག་པ (nominal)
ལུག (present)
ལུག (future)
ལུགས (past)
ལུག (imperative)

(intransitive) to collapse, to fall down, to fall


ལུག

lug (romanization)
form ལུག་པ (nominal)
ལུག (present)
ལུགས (present)
ལུག (future)
ལུགས (future)
ལུགས (past)
ལུགས (imperative)

(transitive) to make an article from molten iron placed in a form, to pour an impression, to cast


བྱ

བྱེད བྱེད#Tibetan


གནས

gnas (romanization)
form གནས་པ (nominal)
གནས (present)
གནས (future)
གནས (past)
གནས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na (“to stay, to live, to be”). Cognate with Burmese နား (na:, “to rest”).

inh

(intransitive) to live, to exist, to reside


ཀླུབ

klub (romanization)
form ཀླུབ་པ (nominal)
ཀླུབ (present)
ཀླུབས (present)
བཀླུབ (future)
ཀླུབས (future)
བཀླུབས (past)
བླུབས (past)
ཀླུབས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *klup (“to cover, to wrap”).


སྦྱིན

sbyin (romanization)
form སྦྱིན་པ (nominal)
སྦྱིན (present)
སྦྱིན (future)
བྱིན (past)
སྦྱིན (past)
བྱིནད (byind) (archaic past)
བྱིན (imperative)
སྦྱིན (imperative)
བྱིནད (byind) (archaic imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *Pi(k) (“to give”). Cognate with Chinese 畀 (OC *pids, “to give”), 賓 (OC *mpin, “gift; to present a gift”), and Burmese ပေး (pe:).

(transitive) to give, to bestow, to contribute, to offer, to make a present of

(transitive) to add, to supplement, to sum up


འཐུང

'thung (romanization)
form འཐུང་བ (nominal)
འཐུང (present)
བཏུང (future)
བཏུངས (past)
འཐུངས (past)
ཐུངས (imperative)
འཐུངས (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *(')tʰuŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *N-tuŋ (“to drink, to suckle”).


ཟ

za (romanization)
form ཟ་བ (nominal)
ཟ (present)
བཟའ (future)
བཟས (past)
ཟོས (past)
ཟོ (imperative)
ཟོས (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *za, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ. Cognate with Chinese 咀 (OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ).


ཟ

za (romanization)
form ཟ་བ (nominal)
ཟ (present)
ཟ (future)
ཟ (past)
ཟ (imperative)


ཟ

za (romanization)
form ཟ་བ (nominal)
ཟ (present)
འཛའ (present)
ཟ (future)
བཟའ (future)
ཟོས (past)
བཟས (past)
ཟོ (imperative)


སྟོང

stong (romanization)
form སྟོང་བ (nominal)
སྟོང (present)
སྟོངས (present)
སྟོང (future)
བསྟང (future)
སྟོངས (past)
བསྟངས (past)
སྟོངས (imperative)

(intransitive) to make empty, to be empty, to become waste or desolate


སེམས

sems (romanization)
form སེམས་པ (nominal)
སེམས (present)
བསམ (future)
བསམས (past)
སེམས (past)
སོམས (imperative)
སོམ (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səm (“breath, spirit, mind”).


ལྡག

ldag (romanization)
form ལྡག་པ (nominal)
ལྡག (present)
བལྡག (future)
བལྡགས (past)
ལྡོགས (imperative)
ལྡོག (imperative)
ལྡགས (imperative)

From earlier *C-ljag (C = prefix, likely the homorganic prenasalisation prefix *ɴ-), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-l(j)ək (“to lick”). Related to ལྕེ (lce, “tongue”), ལྗགས (ljags, “(polite) tongue”) and Burmese လျက် (lyak, “to lick”). Compare འདག ('dag).


ཉལ

nyal (romanization)
form ཉལ་བ (nominal)
ཉལ (present)
ཉལ (future)
ཉལ (past)
ཉོལ (imperative)
ཉལ (present)
ཉལ (future)
ཉལད (past)
ཉོལད (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-njal ~ s-njal (“to sleep, to lie down; sleepy”). Compare Chinese 瞑 (OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ, “to close the eyes”), 臥 (OC *ŋʷaːls, “to lie down”), 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ, “peaceful; to stop”), 綏 (OC *snul, “to pacify, comfort; tranquil”) (STEDT).

མཉལ

(dialectal) same as ngal; to rest, fatigued

སྙལ

to lay something down, to bed a person, to assign person a couch

རྣལ

rest, transquility; basic state, fundamental condition


འཐག

'thag (romanization)
form འཐག་པ (nominal)
འཐག (present)
འཐོག (present)
བཏག (future)
འཐག (future)
བཏགས (past)
ཐོགས (imperative)
ཐོག (imperative)
འཐོག (imperative)
འཐགས (imperative)

The sense “to weave” is from Proto-Bodish *(')tʰak, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tək (“to weave, to plait”), cognate with Chinese 織 (OC *tjɯɡs, *tjɯɡ).


འཐག

'thag (romanization)
form འཐག་པ (nominal)
འཐག (present)
འཐག (future)
ཐག (past)
འཐག (past)

(intransitive) to reduce by boiling, to dry up, to dry out


འཆི

'chi (romanization)
form འཆི་བ (nominal)
འཆི (present)
'chi (present clitic)
འཆི (future)
'chi (future clitic)
ཤི (past)
ཤི (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sij (“to die”).

(intransitive) to die away, to go out, to be destroyed


གསོད

gsod (romanization)
form གསོད་པ (nominal)
གསོད (present)
གསད (future)
བསད (past)
སོད (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *(g)sot, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sat.

(transitive) to kill, to slaughter, to murder

(transitive) to annihilate, to exterminate, to eliminate, to eradicate, to extinguish


མཁྱེན

mkhyen (romanization)
form མཁྱེན་པ (nominal)
མཁྱེན (present)
མཁྱེན (future)
མཁྱེན (past)
མཁྱེན (imperative)
མཁྱེནད (present)
མཁྱེན (future)
མཁྱེནད (past)
མཁྱེནད (imperative)

(honorific, transitive or intransitive) to know, to comprehend, to understand, to cognise


ནུབ

nub (romanization)
form ནུབ་པ (nominal)
ནུབ (present)
ནུབ (future)
ནུབ (past)
ནུབ (imperative)

(intransitive) to fall (gradually), to sink, to set


སྣུབ

snub (romanization)
form སྣུབ་པ (nominal)
སྣུབ (present)
བསྣུབ (future)
བསྣུབས (past)
སྣུབས (imperative)
སྣུབ (imperative)

Causative of ནུབ (nub), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip.

(transitive) to cause to sink or perish, to suppress, to do away with, to annihilate, to abolish


ཉམས

nyams (romanization)
form ཉམས་པ (nominal)
ཉམས (present)
ཉམས (future)
ཉམས (past)
ཉམས (imperative)

(intransitive) to deteriorate, to grow weak, to decline, to perish


འབའ

'ba' (romanization)
form འབའ་བ (nominal)
འབའ (present)
འབའ (future)
འབའ (past)

(intransitive) to bleat, to make the sound of a sheep or goat


འབའ

'ba' (romanization)
form འབའ་བ (nominal)


ལྡིར

ldir (romanization)
form ལྡིར་བ (nominal)
ལྡིར (present)
ལྟིར (present)
ལྡིར (future)
བལྡིར (future)
ལྡིར (past)
བལྡིར (past)
ལྡིར (imperative)
ལྡིརད (ldird) (archaic imperative)

(intransitive) to be distended, to be inflated

(intransitive) to rush, to roar (of wind), to roll (of thunder)

(intransitive) to make a medicinal drink


ལྡོག

ldog (romanization)
form ལྡོག་པ (nominal)
ལྡོག (present)
ལྡོག (future)
ལྡོག (past)
ལོག (past)
ལྡོགས (past)
ལྡོག (imperative)
ལོག (imperative)
ལྡོགས (imperative)

Resultative of ཟློག (zlog). Compare ལོག (log).

(intransitive) to send back, to naturally reject

(intransitive) to change, to fade (of colours, etc.)


ལྡེག

ldeg (romanization)
form ལྡེག་པ (nominal)
ལྡེག (present)
ལྡེབ (present)
བལྡེག (future)
བལྡེགས (past)
བདེག (past)

(intransitive) to shake, to quake, to tremble


རློག

rlog (romanization)
form རློག་པ (nominal)
རློག (present)
རླག (present)
བརླག (future)
བརླགས (past)
བརླག (past)
རློགས (imperative)
རློག (imperative)
ལྷོགས (imperative)

(transitive) to destroy, to break down, to conquer


སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད

head

སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད་པ

སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད • (slob khrid byed) (nominal form སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད་པ)

slob khrid byed (romanization)
form སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད་པ (nominal)

/lop̚˥˥.ʈ͡ʂʰi˥˨ t͡ɕʰe˩˧˨/


སྦྱོར

sbyor (romanization)
form སྦྱོར་བ (nominal)
སྦྱོར (present)
སྦྱར (future)
སྦྱར (past)
སྦྱོར (imperative)
སྦྱོར (present)
སྦྱར (future)
སྦྱརད (past)
སྦྱོརད (imperative)

Causative of འབྱོར ('byor, “to adhere, stick to”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ pjar (“to affix, plait”).

inh

(transitive) to link, to join, to connect

(transitive) to affix, to attach, to apply


བྱེད

byed (romanization)
form བྱེད་པ (nominal)
བྱེད (present)
བྱ (future)
བྱས (past)
བྱོས (imperative)
བྱེད (imperative)
བྱོ (imperative)

(transitive) to replace, to substitute, to take responsibility for


འབྱར

'byar (romanization)
form འབྱར་བ (nominal)

འབྱོར འབྱོར#Tibetan


རྒྱ

rgya (romanization)
form རྒྱ་བ (nominal)
རྒྱ (present)
རྒྱས (present)
རྒྱ (future)
རྒྱས (future)
རྒྱས (past)
རྒྱས (imperative)

(intransitive) to increase in bulk or quantity, to augment, to spread


རྫོང

rdzong (romanization)
form རྫོང་བ (nominal)
རྫོང (present)
རྫོངས (present)
བརྫང (future)
བརྫངས (past)
རྫོངས (past)
རྫོངས (imperative)

(transitive) to send, to dispatch, to send off

(transitive) to put stuff into, to insert


མཐོང

mthong (romanization)
form མཐོང་བ (nominal)
མཐོང (present)
མཐོང (future)
མཐོང (past)
མཐོང (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mə-taŋ (“to see, to view”). Causative: སྟོན (ston).


གཟིགས

gzigs (romanization)
form གཟིགས་པ (nominal)
གཟིགས (present)
གཟིགས (future)
གཟིགས (past)
གཟིགས (imperative)

(honorific of ལྟ (lta)) to see, to look, to perceive


སློབ

slob (romanization)
form སློབ་པ (nominal)
སློབ (present)
བསླབ (future)
སླབས (past)
བསླབས (past)
སླབ (past)
སློབས (imperative)
སློབ (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *slap, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sləp (“to practice, to learn”). Compare Chinese 習 (OC *ljub).


རྙིང

rnying (romanization)
form རྙིང་བ (nominal)
རྙིང (present)
བརྙིང (future)
རྙིང (future)
བརྙིངས (past)
རྙིངས (past)
རྙིངས (imperative)


སྙམ

snyam (romanization)
form སྙམ་པ (nominal)
སྙམ (present)
སྙམ (future)
སྙམ (past)
སྙམ (imperative)

(intransitive) to feel, to think, to suppose, to imagine


འཆད

'chad (romanization)
form འཆད་པ (nominal)
འཆད (present)
ཆད (future)
འཆད (future)
ཆད (past)
ཆད (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tset. Resultative of གཅོད (gcod).

(intransitive) to break into pieces, to separate into many sections

(intransitive) to be interrupted, to be broken, to be cut off

(intransitive) to degenerate, to decay, to cease to exist

(intransitive) to be omitted, to be discarded

(intransitive) to be incomplete, to be missing


འཆད

'chad (romanization)
form འཆད་པ (nominal)
འཆད (present)
ཤོད (present)
བཤད (future)
བཤད (past)
ཤོད (imperative)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-tsyat (“to say, speak”) (STEDT), via Proto-Bodish *sʲat. Likely cognate with Old Chinese 說 (OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod, “id”).


འཁྲོལ

'khrol (romanization)
form འཁྲོལ་བ (nominal)
འཁྲོལ (present)
འཁྲོལ (future)
འཁྲོལ (past)
འཁྲོལ (imperative)
འཁྲོལ (present)
འཁྲོལ (future)
འཁྲོལད (past)
འཁྲོལད (imperative)


འཁྲོལ

'khrol (romanization)
form འཁྲོལ་བ (nominal)
འཁྲོལ (present)
དཀྲོལ (present)
དཀྲོལ (future)
དཀྲོལ (past)
དཀྲོལད (dkrold) (archaic past)
བཀྲོལད (bkrold) (archaic past)
ཁྲོལ (imperative)
དཀྲོལ (imperative)
ཁྲོལད (khrold) (archaic imperative)
དཀྲོལད (dkrold) (archaic imperative)

(transitive) to play (music, instrument)


འཁྲོལ

'khrol (romanization)
form འཁྲོལ་བ (nominal)
འཁྲོལ (present)
འཁྲོལ (future)
འཁྲོལ (past)
ཁྲོལ (past)

(transitive) to untie, to unravel, to decipher

(intransitive) to be given permission, to consent


བགོད

bgod (romanization)
form བགོད་པ (nominal)
བགོད (present)
བགོ (future)
བགོས (past)
བགོས (imperative)
བགོད (imperative)

(transitive) to divide, to share, to distribute


འཁྲིད

'khrid (romanization)
form འཁྲིད་པ (nominal)
འཁྲིད (present)
བཀྲི (present)
བཀྲི (future)
བཀྲིས (past)
བཀྲི (past)
བཀྲིད (past)
ཁྲིད (imperative)
བཀྲིས (imperative)
འཁྲིད (present)
འཁྲིད (future)
ཁྲིད (future)
ཁྲིད (past)
ཁྲིད (imperative)


ཉར

nyar (romanization)
form ཉར་བ (nominal)
ཉར (present)
ཉར (future)
ཉར (past)
ཉོར (imperative)
ཉར (present)
ཉར (future)
ཉརད (past)
ཉརད (imperative)

(transitive) to keep, to guard, to look after


འགྲུབ

'grub (romanization)
form འགྲུབ་པ (nominal)
འགྲུབ (present)
འགྲུབས (present)
འགྲུབ (future)
གྲུབ (past)
གྲུབས (imperative)
འགྲུབ (imperative)

(intransitive) to be accomplished, to be made ready, to be finished


གྱོན

gyon (romanization)
form གྱོན་པ (nominal)
གྱོན (present)
གྱོན (future)
གྱོན (past)
གྱོན (imperative)
གོན་པ (alternative)


འཇིབ

'jib (romanization)
form འཇིབ་པ (nominal)
འཇིབ (present)
'jib (present clitic)
འཇིབས (present)
འཇིག (present)
'jig (present clitic)
གཞིབ (future)
བཞིབ (future)
གཞིབས (past)
བཞིབས (past)
བཞིབ (past)
འཇིབས (imperative)
ཇིབས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ts(j)up ~ m-ts(j)ip.


གོག

gog (romanization)
form གོག་པ (nominal)
གོག (present)
གོག (future)
དགོག (future)
གོག (past)
བཀོག (past)
གོག (imperative)

(intransitive) to crumble off, to scale off

(intransitive) to become older and older, to age


འགོག

'gog (romanization)
form འགོག་པ (nominal)
འགོག (present)
'gog (present clitic)
འགོགས (present)
འགེགས (present)
དགག (future)
དགགས (future)
བཀག (past)
ཁོགས (imperative)
ཁོག (imperative)

(transitive) to halt, to block, to hinder


འགོག

'gog (romanization)
form འགོག་པ (nominal)
འགོག (present)
'gog (present clitic)
དགོག (present)
དགོགས (present)
དགོག (future)
བཀོག (future)
བཀོག (past)
བཀོགས (past)
ཁོག (imperative)
གོག (imperative)
ཁོགས (imperative)

Cognate to Chinese 攫 (jué, “to grab”) (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kʷak.

(transitive) to take away forcibly, to snatch away, to pull out


འདེབས

'debs (romanization)
form འདེབས་པ (nominal)
འདེབས (present)
གདབ (future)
འདེབས (future)
བཏབ (past)
ཐོབ (imperative)
ཐོབས (imperative)

Causative of ཐེབས (thebs, “to get hit, struck; to suffer”). From Proto-Bodish *tʰep, cognate to Kurtöp ཐེབ (thep, “saliva”).

(transitive) to throw, to strike, to hit

(transitive) to plant, to sow, to cultivate


འཇིག

'jig (romanization)
form འཇིག་པ (nominal)
འཇིག (present)
'jig (present clitic)
འཇིག (future)
'jig (future clitic)
གཞིག (future)
ཞིག (past)
བཞིག (past)
འཇིག (past)
'jig (past clitic)
ཞིག (imperative)
ཞིགས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t)sik. Related to འཚིག ('tshig).

(intransitive) to decay, to be destroyed, to disintegrate, to fall apart, to perish


འཇིག

'jig (romanization)
form འཇིག་པ (nominal)
འཇིག (present)
'jig (present clitic)
བཤིག (present)
གཞིག (future)
བཤིག (future)
བཤིག (past)
བཤིགས (past)
བཞིག (past)
ཤིག (imperative)
ཤིགས (imperative)
ཞིག (imperative)

(transitive) to destroy, to devastate, to demolish, to abolish

(transitive, dialectal) to undo, to untie


སྒྱུར

sgyur (romanization)
form སྒྱུར་བ (nominal)
སྒྱུར (present)
བསྒྱུར (future)
བསྒྱུར (past)
སྒྱུར (imperative)
སྒྱུར (present)
བསྒྱུར (future)
བསྒྱུརད (past)
སྒྱུརད (imperative)

(transitive) to transform, to change, to alter

(transitive) to cast aside, to dissuade, to divert, to cause to turn

(transitive) to govern, to steer, to control


སྤྲིང

spring (romanization)
form སྤྲིང་བ (nominal)
སྤྲིང (present)
སྤྲིང (future)
སྤྲིངས (past)
སྤྲིངས (imperative)
སྤྲིང (imperative)

(transitive) to send (message, letter), to give (information)


འབྲུག་སྐད་རྒྱག

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འབྲུག་སྐད་རྒྱག་པ

འབྲུག་སྐད་རྒྱག • ('brug skad rgyag) (nominal form འབྲུག་སྐད་རྒྱག་པ)

'brug skad rgyag (romanization)
form འབྲུག་སྐད་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)

/ʈ͡ʂu˩˨.kɛː˥˨ ca˩˧˨/

From འབྲུག་སྐད ('brug skad, “sound of thunder”) + རྒྱག (rgyag, “to do”).


སྒྲུབ

sgrub (romanization)
form སྒྲུབ་པ (nominal)
སྒྲུབ (present)
བསྒྲུབ (future)
བསྒྲུབས (past)
སྒྲུབས (imperative)
སྒྲུབ (imperative)


བསྒྲུབས

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བསྒྲུབས • (bsgrubs) (nominal form བསྒྲུབས་པ)

bsgrubs (romanization)
form བསྒྲུབས་པ (nominal)

སྒྲུབ སྒྲུབ#Tibetan


རྩིས

rtsis (romanization)
form རྩིས་པ (nominal)


མཛད

mdzad (romanization)
form མཛད་པ (nominal)
མཛད (present)
མཛད (future)
མཛད (past)
མཛོད (imperative)

བྱེད བྱེད#Tibetan

(honorific of བྱེད (byed), transitive) to do, to act, to perform


ལེན

len (romanization)
form ལེན་པ (nominal)
ལེན (present)
ལོང (long) (present rare)
ལོན (lon) (present rare)
བླང (future)
བླངས (past)
བློངས (past)
ལོངས (longs) (past rare)
ལོངས (imperative)
ལོན (imperative)
བླངས (imperative)
ལོང (imperative)
ལེནད (lend) (archaic imperative)

(transitive) to receive, to get, to obtain

(transitive) to carry, to take in hand, to hold

(transitive) to sing the words to a song


འཛིན

'dzin (romanization)
form འཛིན་པ (nominal)
འཛིན (present)
འཛིནད ('dzind) (archaic present)
གཟུང (future)
གཟུངས (future)
བཟུང (past)
བཟུངས (past)
ཟུངས (imperative)
ཟུང (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *zuŋ. The final nasal in the present stem was fronted from velar to coronal due to a now-lost coronal suffix.

(transitive) to take hold of, to seize, to grasp


འཛུད

'dzud (romanization)
form འཛུད་པ (nominal)
འཛུད (present)
གཟུད (future)
བཙུད (past)
ཟུད (past)
ཚུད (imperative)
ཟུད (imperative)
འཛུད (imperative)

Causative of འཚུད ('tshud, “to dig, to enter”).


སྒྲིག

sgrig (romanization)
form སྒྲིག་པ (nominal)
སྒྲིག (present)
བསྒྲིག (future)
བསྒྲིགས (past)
སྒྲིགས (imperative)
སྒྲིག (imperative)

(transitive) to prepare, to put in order, to place


རྩོམ

rtsom (romanization)
form རྩོམ་པ (nominal)
རྩོམ (present)
བརྩམ (future)
བརྩམས (past)
རྩོམས (past)
རྩོམས (imperative)

(transitive) to begin anything, to set about an undertaking, to start

(transitive) to compose, to write, to draw up in writing


བཞད

bzhad (romanization)
form བཞད་པ (nominal)
བཞད (present)
བཞད (future)
བཞད (past)
བཞོད (imperative)
བཞད (imperative)


བཞད

bzhad (romanization)
form བཞད་པ (nominal)
བཞད (present)
བཞད (future)
བཞད (past)
བཞད (imperative)

(intransitive) to blossom, to grow; to develop like a flower


འགྲོ

'gro (romanization)
form འགྲོ་བ (nominal)
འགྲོ (present)
'gro (present clitic)
འགྲོ (future)
'gro (future clitic)
ཕྱིན (past)
སོང (past)
འགྲོ (past)
'gro (past clitic)
ཕྱིནད (phyind) (archaic past)
སོང (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *(gʷ)ra, cognate to Kurtöp ར (ra, “to come”).

to go, to walk, to proceed, to set off, to move, to depart, to migrate

to turn to, to be transformed into, to become


འོང

'ong (romanization)
form འོང་བ (nominal)
འོང (present)
'ong (present clitic)
འོང (future)
'ong (future clitic)
འོངས (past)
འོངས (imperative)
ཤོག (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *waŋ, via possibly Proto-Bodish *(ḥ)waŋ. Related to ཡོང (yong, “to come”), which is an obvious alternative form of the same.

(intransitive) to be suitable, to be practicable

(Central Tibetan, auxiliary) future auxiliary particle


རྒལ

rgal (romanization)
form རྒལ་བ (nominal)
རྒལ (present)
བརྒལ (future)
བརྒལ (past)
བརྒལད (brgald) (archaic past)
རྒོལ (imperative)
རྒོལད (rgold) (archaic imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *(r)gal.
Resultative of སྒྲོལ (sgrol). A relationship with Chinese 河 (OC *ɡaːl, “river”) was proposed by Coblin (1986).

(transitive) to ford (a river), to cross, to traverse, to travel through

(transitive) to pass, to exceed a measure


ངུ

ngu (romanization)
form ངུ་བ (nominal)
ངུ (present)
ངུ (future)
ངུས (past)
ངུས (imperative)
ངུ (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *ŋu, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋuw.


རློབ

rlob (romanization)
form རློབ་པ (nominal)
རློབ (present)
རློབས (present)
བརླབ (future)
བརླབས (past)
རློབས (imperative)

བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབ བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབ#Tibetan

(transitive) to bless, to control, to influence, to change into something else (as in བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབ (byin gyis rlob))


ཤེས

shes (romanization)
form ཤེས་པ (nominal)
ཤེས (present)
ཤེས (future)
ཤེས (past)
ཤེས (imperative)

(intransitive) to know, understand, realise, cognise


རྗོད

rjod (romanization)
form རྗོད་པ (nominal)
རྗོད (present)
བརྗོད (future)
བརྗོད (past)
རྗོད (imperative)

to say, to speak, to utter, to recite, to announce, to pronounce


སྨྲ

smra (romanization)
form སྨྲ་བ (nominal)
སྨྲ (present)
སྨྲོས (present)
སྨར (present)
སྨྲ (future)
སྨྲས (past)
སྨྲོས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-br(w)a(ŋ/k) (“to speak”); cognate with Burmese ပြော (prau:, “to say, utter”) (STEDT).

inh

(transitive, not used alone in Lhasa Tibetan) to say, to utter, to express, to expound


འཛུམ

'dzum (romanization)
form འཛུམ་པ (nominal)

འཛུམས འཛུམས#Tibetan

Alternative form of འཛུམས ('dzums, “to close, to shut (eyes, mouth)”)


འཛུམ

Alternative form of ཟུམ (zum, “(of eyes, mouth) to close, to shut”)


འཛུམ

'dzum (romanization)
form འཛུམ་པ (nominal)
འཛུམ (present)
བསུམ (present)
འཛུམ (future)
འཛུམ (past)
འཛུམས (past)
འཛུམ (imperative)
འཛུམས (imperative)

(transitive or intransitive) to smile, to part the lips slightly, to laugh a little


ལང

lang (romanization)
form ལང་བ (nominal)
ལང (present)
ལོང (present)
ལང (future)
ལངས (past)
ལོངས (imperative)
ལོང (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *laŋ, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *laŋ. Resultative of སློང (slong).


ལང

lang (romanization)
form ལང་བ (nominal)
ལང (present)
ལང (future)
ལངས (past)
ལོངས (imperative)

(intransitive) to dawn, (for the day) to break


ལང

lang (romanization)
form ལང་བ (nominal)
ལང (present)
ལང (future)
ལོངས (past)

(intransitive) to come up to, to arrive at, to reach, to be complete


སྡོད

sdod (romanization)
form སྡོད་པ (nominal)
སྡོད (present)
བསྡད (future)
སྡོད (future)
བསྡད (past)
སྡོད (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dat (“to live; alive”).

(intransitive) to stay, to stop, to wait

(intransitive) to stay in a rank or position


རྟོག

rtog (romanization)
form རྟོག་པ (nominal)
རྟོག (present)
རྟག (present)
བརྟག (future)
བརྟགས (past)
བརྟག (past)
རྟོགས (imperative)
རྟོག (imperative)
རྟགས (imperative)

(transitive) to examine, to analyse, to consider, to look through


རྗེ

rje (romanization)
form རྗེ་བ (nominal)
རྗེ (present)
བརྗེ (future)
བརྗེས (past)
བརྗེས (imperative)

Compare Tawang Monpa /ple⁵⁵/, Burmese လဲ (lai:), Tangut 𗯗 (*lej²) with the Chinese comparanda 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ, “change, interchange”), 移 (OC *lal, “change, shift”) or 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy, purchase”).


སྤྲུལ

sprul (romanization)
form སྤྲུལ་བ (nominal)
སྤྲུལ (present)
སྤྲུལ (future)
སྤྲུལ (past)
སྤྲུལ (imperative)
སྤྲུལ (present)
སྤྲུལ (future)
སྤྲུལད (past)
སྤྲུལད (imperative)

Compare perhaps Old Chinese 變 (OC *prons, “to change”), whence 變態／变态 (biàntài, “to metamorphose, be abnormal”) and thus English hentai.

zh-l

(intransitive or transitive) to appear to change, to transform oneself, to cause illusions, to alter an object by magic


སྦྱར

sbyar (romanization)
form སྦྱར་བ (nominal)

སྦྱོར སྦྱོར#Tibetan

སྦྱོར སྦྱོར#Tibetan


བརྩིགས

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བརྩིགས • (brtsigs) (nominal form བརྩིགས་པ)

brtsigs (romanization)
form བརྩིགས་པ (nominal)

རྩིག རྩིག#Tibetan


རྩིག

rtsig (romanization)
form རྩིག་པ (nominal)
རྩིག (present)
བརྩིག (future)
བརྩིགས (past)
རྩིགས (imperative)

(transitive) to build, to erect, to construct


བལྟམས

bltams (romanization)
form བལྟམས་པ (nominal)


བལྟམས

ལྟེམས ལྟེམས#Tibetan


ཀློག

klog (romanization)
form ཀློག་པ (nominal)
ཀློག (present)
བཀླག (future)
ཀླག (future)
བཀླགས (past)
བླགས (past)
ཀློགས (imperative)
ལྷོགས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-log.
Sagart (1999) considered this a loanword from Old Chinese 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “to read; to say/read aloud”) as “read” is a derived meaning in OC. The existence of the concept of “reading (a text)” prior to the invention of writing is questionable, hence the sense “read” is likely secondary in both cases, regardless of the relationship between the two.

och-l

(transitive) to read, to recite, to chant


ན

form ན་བ (nominal)
ན (present)
ན (future)
ན (past)
ན (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na (“sick; ill; pain; evil spirit”).

inh

(intransitive) to be or become ill, to be sick


འཆུ

'chu (romanization)
form འཆུ་བ (nominal)
འཆུ (present)
'chu (present clitic)
བཅུ (present)
བཅུ (future)
གཅུ (future)
བཅུས (past)
ཆུས (imperative)
བཅུས (imperative)

(transitive) to draw, take or bring water (from a well or a spring)


འཆུ

'chu (romanization)
form འཆུ་བ (nominal)
འཆུ (present)
'chu (present clitic)
འཆུས (present)
འཆུ (future)
'chu (future clitic)
འཆུས (future)
འཆུས (past)
འཆུས (imperative)

(intransitive) to be twisted, to be distorted, to become crooked


བློ་མཐུན

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བློ་མཐུན • (blo mthun) (nominal form བློ་མཐུན་པ)

blo mthun (romanization)
form བློ་མཐུན་པ (nominal)

/lu˥˥.tʰỹ˥˥/

/lo˥˥ tʰỹ˥˥/


རིག

rig (romanization)
form རིག་པ (nominal)
རིག (present)
རིག (future)
རིག (past)
རིག (imperative)

Compare Chinese 知 (OC *ʔl'e) (Schuessler, 2007).

(with terminative of the substantive) to know, to understand

(with terminative of the infinitive) to know that, to perceive


རྐུ

rku (romanization)
form རྐུ་བ (nominal)
རྐུ (present)
བརྐུ (future)
བརྐུས (past)
རྐུས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rkəw (“to steal”). Cognate with Burmese ခိုး (hkui:, “to steal”), Nuosu ꈐ (ku), ꈏꐷ (kux njie, “to steal”), Naxi kv (“to steal”), Jingpho lägu (“to steal”), Drung keu (“to steal”), Yakkha खुमा (khuma, “to steal”) and Chinese 寇 (OC *kʰoːs, “to rob”). Related to རྐུན་མ (rkun ma, “robber, thief”).


ཤར

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sjar (“to rise; east”).


རྐྱལ་རྒྱག

head

རྐྱལ་རྒྱག • (rkyal rgyag) (nominal form རྐྱལ་རྒྱག་པ)

rkyal rgyag (romanization)
form རྐྱལ་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)

/cɛː˥˥ ca˩˧˨/


བལྟས

bltas (romanization)
form བལྟས་པ (nominal)


བལྟ

blta (romanization)
form བལྟ་བ (nominal)


ཆོས

chos (romanization)
form ཆོས་པ (nominal)

འཆོས འཆོས#Tibetan


རྒྱལ

rgyal (romanization)
form རྒྱལ་བ (nominal)
རྒྱལ (present)
རྒྱལ (future)
རྒྱལ (past)
རྒྱལད (rgyald) (archaic past)
རྒྱལ (imperative)

Unknown. By Li Fang-Kuei's Law, Old Tibetan rgy- derives from pre-Tibetan *ry-. Perhaps related to རྒྱ (rgya, “great”).

(intransitive) to be victorious, to win, to conquer, to subdue, to overpower

(intransitive) to be superior than another


རྩི

rtsi (romanization)
form རྩི་བ (nominal)
རྩི (present)
བརྩི (future)
བརྩིས (past)
རྩིས (past)
རྩིས (imperative)
བརྩིས (imperative)

(transitive) to count, to reckon, to calculate

(transitive) to think that something is, to regard as

(transitive) to think about doing something, to plan on

(transitive) to go against, to defy, to accept, to bear


བོན

bon (romanization)
form བོན་པ (nominal)
བོན (present)
འབོན (present)
'bon (present clitic)
བོན (future)
བོནད (past)
བོན (imperative)
འབོནད (imperative)

From འབོད ('bod, “to call; to shout”) (Zhang, 2009). Possibly related to བོད (bod, “Tibet”) as well (Lalou, 1958).

(for a god, sovereign) to receive, to obtain, to take

(probable) to murmur, to recite (charms, prayers)

(probable) to invoke, to summon, to call


ཡོང

yong (romanization)
form ཡོང་བ (nominal)
ཡོང (present)
ཡོང (future)
ཡོང (past)
ཡོང (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *waŋ (“to come (out); to enter”). Cognate with Burmese ဝင် (wang, “to come in; to enter”), Chinese 往 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, “to go”). Related to འོང ('ong, “to come”).


གོམ་པ་རྒྱག

head

གོམ་པ་རྒྱག་པ

གོམ་པ་རྒྱག • (gom pa rgyag) (nominal form གོམ་པ་རྒྱག་པ)

gom pa rgyag (romanization)
form གོམ་པ་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)


བསྡུ

bsdu (romanization)
form བསྡུ་བ (nominal)

སྡུད སྡུད#Tibetan


སྡུད

sdud (romanization)
form སྡུད་པ (nominal)
སྡུད (present)
སྡུ (present)
བསྡུ (future)
བསྡུས (past)
སྡུས (imperative)

Causative of འདུ ('du, “to gather, to collect (intransitive)”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)u-n/t (“join, tie, knot, bring together, assemble, fold”). Related to མདུད (mdud, “to tie together”).

inh

(transitive) to collect, to gather, to assemble


འཁོར

'khor (romanization)
form འཁོར་བ (nominal)
འཁོར (present)
འཁོར (future)
འཁོར (past)
འཁོར (imperative)
འཁོརད (present)
འཁོར (future)
འཁོརད (past)
འཁོརད (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/m-kwar (“round”); compare Chinese 歸 (OC *klul, “to return; to come back”). Resultative: སྐོར (skor).

(intransitive) to turn round, to rotate, to revolve, to spin, to go around, to elapse (of time)

(intransitive) to gather, to be formed, to be perfected


ཐིང

thing (romanization)
form ཐིང་བ (nominal)

འདིང འདིང#Tibetan


འདིང

'ding (romanization)
form འདིང་བ (nominal)
འདིང (present)
འདིངས (present)
གཏིང (future)
བཏིང (future)
བཏིང (past)
བཏིངས (past)
ཐིངས (imperative)
ཐིང (imperative)
ཏིངས (imperative)


བྲིས

bris (romanization)
form བྲིས་པ (nominal)

འབྲི འབྲི#Tibetan

འབྲི འབྲི#Tibetan


འབྲི

'bri (romanization)
form འབྲི་བ (nominal)
འབྲི (present)
'bri (present clitic)
འདྲི (present)
'dri (present clitic)
བྲི (present)
བྲི (future)
འབྲི (future)
'bri (future clitic)
བྲིས (past)
བྲིས (imperative)
ཕྲིས (imperative)
རིས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-rəj (“to draw, to mark”). Related to རི་མོ (ri mo, “drawing”).

(transitive) to write, to draw, to note down


འབྲི

'bri (romanization)
form འབྲི་བ (nominal)
འབྲི (present)
'bri (present clitic)
བྲི (present)
འབྲི (future)
'bri (future clitic)
བྲི (future)
བྲི (past)
བྲི (imperative)

(intransitive) to diminish, to grow less, to go down, to decline, to wane


ཡོད

yod (romanization)
form ཡོད་པ (nominal)
ཡོད (present)
ཡོད (future)
ཡོད (past)
ཡོད (imperative)

Possibly cognate with Chinese 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ).

och-l

有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ)


ལྟ

lta (romanization)
form ལྟ་བ (nominal)
ལྟ (present)
བལྟ (future)
བལྟས (past)
ལྟས (past)
ལྟོས (imperative)
ལྟས (imperative)
བལྟ (imperative)

From Proto-Bodish *(l)ta, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ltaʔ (“to look”). Related to ལྟས (ltas, “sign, omen”) and ལྟད་མོ (ltad mo, “sight, scene, show, play”). Compare Chinese 睹 (OC *taːʔ, “to see”).

(transitive) to look at, to see, to observe

(transitive, common in Western Tibetan) to look for, to search for

(transitive) to view mentally, to consider, to look into, to investigate

(transitive) to desire, to crave, to love


རོལ

rol (romanization)
form རོལ་བ (nominal)
རོལ (present)
རོལ (future)
རོལ (past)
རོལ (imperative)
རོལད (present)
རོལ (future)
རོལད (past)
རོལད (imperative)

(transitive) to enjoy, to amuse oneself, to play and laugh

(transitive) to practice sorcery, to cause to appear in magical form


འོངས

'ongs (romanization)
form འོངས་པ (nominal)


སྐྱོང

skyong (romanization)
form སྐྱོང་བ (nominal)
སྐྱོང (present)
བསྐྱང (future)
བསྐྱངས (past)
བསྐྱོངས (past)
སྐྱོངས (imperative)
སྐྱོང (imperative)

(transitive) to keep, to maintain, to sustain


སྐྱོང

skyong (romanization)
form སྐྱོང་བ (nominal)
སྐྱོང (present)
སྐྱོང (future)
སྐྱོང (past)


བརྒྱུད

head

བརྒྱུད • (brgyud) (nominal form བརྒྱུད་པ)

brgyud (romanization)
form བརྒྱུད་པ (nominal)
བརྒྱུད (present)
རྒྱུད (present)
བརྒྱུད (future)
བརྒྱུད (past)
བརྒྱུད (imperative)
རྒྱུད (imperative)

(intransitive) to pass through a place on one's way elsewhere

(intransitive) to be transmitted consecutively


གཅོད

gcod (romanization)
form གཅོད་པ (nominal)
གཅོད (present)
གཅད (future)
བཅད (past)
ཆོད (imperative)

→ English: Chöd


གཏུམ

gtum (romanization)
form གཏུམ་པ (nominal)

འཐུམ འཐུམ#Tibetan


དཀྲོལ

dkrol (romanization)
form དཀྲོལ་བ (nominal)

འཁྲོལ འཁྲོལ#Tibetan


ཐུག

thug (romanization)
form ཐུག་པ (nominal)
ཐུག (present)
འཐུག (present)
ཐུག (future)
ཐུག (past)
ཐུག (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuk ~ (t/d)wa(k/ŋ) (“to meet”). Related to གཏུག (gtug, “to reach; to meet with”).

inh

(intransitive) to reach, to arrive at, to come to

(intransitive) to interview, to encounter, to meet


ཐུག

thug (romanization)
form ཐུག་པ (nominal)
ཐུག (present)
ཐུག (future)
ཐུག (past)
ཐུག (imperative)

(transitive, colloquial) to touch, to hit, to strike


འཐུམ

'thum (romanization)
form འཐུམ་པ (nominal)
འཐུམ (present)
འཐུམས (present)
འཐུམ (future)
འཐུམས (future)
འཐུམས (past)
ཐུམ (past)
འཐུམ (imperative)
ཐུམས (imperative)

(intransitive) to cover, to lay over, to put over, to wrap up


འཐུམ

'thum (romanization)
form འཐུམ་པ (nominal)
འཐུམ (present)
གཏུམ (present)
གཏུམ (future)
བཏུམ (future)
གཏུམས (future)
བཏུམས (past)
གཏུམས (past)
བཏུམ (past)
ཐུམས (imperative)
འཐུམ (imperative)

(transitive) to wrap around, to wrap up, to envelope, to veil, to cover


ལྟམ

ltam (romanization)
form ལྟམ་པ (nominal)
ལྟམ (present)
བལྟམས (present)
བལྟམ (future)
བལྟམས (future)
བལྟམས (past)
བལྟམས (imperative)
ལྟམས (imperative)
ལྟོམས (imperative)


ལྟམ

ltam (romanization)
form ལྟམ་པ (nominal)

ལྟེམས ལྟེམས#Tibetan

Alternative form of ལྟེམས (ltems, “to fill”)


ལྟེམས

ltems (romanization)
form ལྟེམས་པ (nominal)
ལྟེམས (present)
ལྟམ (present)
བལྟམ (future)
བལྟམས (past)
ལྟོམས (imperative)
ལྟམས (imperative)

(transitive) to fill up a vessel with something


འབྱོར

'byor (romanization)
form འབྱོར་བ (nominal)
འབྱོར (present)
འབྱར (present)
འབྱར (future)
འབྱོར (future)
འབྱར (past)
འབྱརད ('byard) (archaic past)
འབྱོར (imperative)
འབྱར (imperative)
འབྱོརད ('byord) (archaic imperative)
འབྱརད ('byard) (archaic imperative)

(intransitive) to stick, to adhere to, to take, to contract (of diseases)

(intransitive) to be prepared, to be ready, to make ready


འབྱོར

'byor (romanization)
form འབྱོར་བ (nominal)
འབྱོར (present)
འབྱོར (future)
འབྱོར (past)
འབྱོར (imperative)
འབྱོར (present)
འབྱོར (future)
འབྱོརད (past)
འབྱོརད (imperative)

(honorific, intransitive) to come, to arrive; to receive


འཛུམས

'dzums (romanization)
form འཛུམས་པ (nominal)
འཛུམས (present)
འཛུམ (present)
འཚུམས (present)
འཚུམ (present)
གཟུམ (future)
བཙུམ (future)
བཙུམས (past)
བཙུམ (past)
ཚུམས (imperative)
ཚུམ (imperative)

(transitive) to close, to shut (eyes, mouth)


འཛུམས

'dzums (romanization)
form འཛུམས་པ (nominal)

འཛུམ འཛུམ#Tibetan

འཛུམ འཛུམ#Tibetan


ཟུམ

zum (romanization)
form ཟུམ་པ (nominal)
ཟུམ (present)
ཟུམ (future)
ཟུམ (past)

Resultative: འཛུམས ('dzums). Compare སུམ (sum).

(intransitive, of eyes, mouth, etc.) to close, to shut, to gather together


མེད

med (romanization)
form མེད་པ (nominal)
མེད (present)
མེད (future)
མེད (past)
མེད (imperative)

Various theories exist:
* From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Cognate with Chinese 滅 (OC *med, “to perish; to be destroyed; to destroy”) (Benedict, 1972).
* Contraction of མི (mi, “not”) + ཡོད (yod, “to be”) (Jäschke, 1881).
* Contraction of མི (mi, “not”) + རེད (red, “to be; to be ready”). The latter is related to སྲིད་པ (srid pa, “existence; state of being; living”) (Matisoff, 1985).

och-l

རྒྱ་ལ་མེད་པའི་ཡི་གེ་དྲུག

ཆར་མེད

drought; literally, rainlessness; char med


དབྱེ

dbye (romanization)
form དབྱེ་བ (nominal)

འབྱེད འབྱེད#Tibetan


འབྱེད

'byed (romanization)
form འབྱེད་པ (nominal)
འབྱེད (present)
དབྱེ (future)
ཕྱེ (past)
ཕྱེས (past)
ཕྱེད (past)
ཕྱེ (imperative)
བྱེ (imperative)
ཕྱེས (imperative)
ཕྱེད (imperative)

(transitive) to open, to place apart, to unloose

(transitive, Western dialects) to separate, to keep asunder, to disentangle


ཞོགས

zhogs (romanization)
form ཞོགས་པ (nominal)

འཇོག འཇོག#Tibetan


ཞོགས

འཇོག འཇོག#Tibetan


ཞོགས

གཞོག གཞོག#Tibetan


ཞོགས

zhogs (romanization)
form ཞོགས་པ (nominal)
ཞོགས (present)
ཞོགས (future)
ཞོགས (past)

(for many creatures) to be startled and flee


བསྟན

bstan (romanization)
form བསྟན་པ (nominal)

སྟོན སྟོན#Tibetan

སྟོན སྟོན#Tibetan


སྟོན

ston (romanization)
form སྟོན་པ (nominal)
སྟོན (present)
བསྟན (future)
བསྟན (past)
བསྟནད (bstand) (archaic past)
སྟོན (imperative)
སྟོནད (stond) (archaic imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-twaŋ (“to see; to show”). Causative of མཐོང (mthong, “to see”) (STEDT).

inh

(transitive) to face, to front, to look towards

(transitive) to point out, to indicate, to describe, to explain, to teach


ཕྱི

phyi (romanization)
form ཕྱི་བ (nominal)

འཕྱིད འཕྱིད#Tibetan

Alternative form of འཕྱིད ('phyid): to wipe, to efface, to erase


ཕྱིན

phyin (romanization)
form ཕྱིན་པ (nominal)

འགྲོ འགྲོ#Tibetan


སྔ

snga (romanization)
form སྔ་བ (nominal)
སྔ (present)
སྔ (future)
སྔས (past)
སྔ (past)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa (“before; front”). Related to སྔོན (sngon).

(intransitive) to be the first, to come first, to be beforehand


འབྱེ

'bye (romanization)
form འབྱེ་བ (nominal)
འབྱེ (present)
'bye (present clitic)
འབྱེ (future)
'bye (future clitic)
བྱེ (past)
ཕྱེ (past)
བྱེ (imperative)
འབྱེས (imperative)

(intransitive) to divide, to separate, to resolve


བྱེ

འབྱེ འབྱེ#Tibetan

འབྱེ འབྱེ#Tibetan


རྩེ

rtse (romanization)
form རྩེ་བ (nominal)
རྩེ (present)
རྩེད (present)
རྩེ (future)
རྩེད (future)
བརྩེ (future)
རྩེས (past)
བརྩེས (past)
རྩེས (imperative)
རྩེད (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsjaːj (“to play”). Related to རྩེན (rtsen, “to take delight in games; to enjoy”).

(intransitive or transitive) to play, to frolic, to disport oneself


བྱང

byang (romanization)
form བྱང་བ (nominal)

འབྱང འབྱང#Tibetan

འབྱང འབྱང#Tibetan


བྱང

byang (romanization)
form བྱང་བ (nominal)
བྱང (present)
བྱང (future)
བྱང (past)

(intransitive, of an experience) to be great


བྱང

(intransitive) to make something soft, smooth through wiping or touching


མཁོ

mkho (romanization)
form མཁོ་བ (nominal)
མཁོ (present)
མཁོ (future)
མཁོ (past)
མཁོ (imperative)

Related to འཁོ ('kho, “to wish, to want”) and possibly དགོས (dgos, “to be necessary; must”). Compared with Chinese 好 (OC *qʰuːʔ, *qʰuːs, “good”) (Starostin).

ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བ

རྒྱ་གར་ལ་མཁོ་བའི་སྒྲའི་བཀླག་ཐབས

rgya gar la mkho ba 'i sgra'i bklag thabs

pronunciation manual for speech sounds required in [the] India[n language, i.e. Sanskrit]

དབྱར་དུས་མཁོ་བའི་སྦྲང་ཆར་༎ དགུན་དུས་མཁོ་བའི་ཉི་མ་༎

dbyar dus mkho ba 'I sbrang char.
 dgun dus mkho ba 'I nyi ma.

Rain is needed in summer; Sun is needed in winter. (proverb)

(intransitive) to be necessary, to be desirable, to be wished for


སྡུར

sdur (romanization)
form སྡུར་བ (nominal)
སྡུར (present)
བསྡུར (future)
བསྡུར (past)
བསྡུརད (bsdurd) (archaic past)
སྡུར (imperative)
སྡུརད (sdurd) (archaic imperative)

(transitive) to compare, to make comparison


རེ

re (romanization)
form རེ་བ (nominal)
རེ (present)
རེ (future)
རེ (past)
རེས (past)
རེ (imperative)
རེས (imperative)

(transitive or intransitive) to hope, to desire, to expect

ལས་ཀ་འདི་བྱེད་རེ་ཡོད་པ་རེད།


རྩེད

rtsed (romanization)
form རྩེད་པ (nominal)

Alternative form of རྩེ (rtse, “to play”)


གཏམ

gtam (romanization)
form གཏམ་པ (nominal)
གཏམ (present)
གཏམ (future)
བཏམ (future)
གཏམས (past)
བཏམས (past)
གཏམས (imperative)
གཏོམས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(t/d)am (“to talk; to speak”). Cognate with Chinese 談 (OC *l'aːm, “to talk”).


གཏམ

gtam (romanization)
form གཏམ་པ (nominal)
གཏམ (present)
གཏམ (future)
གཏམས (past)
ཏམས (imperative)
གཏམས (imperative)
ཐོམས (imperative)
གཏོམས (imperative)

(transitive) to entrust to, to give over for the care of


གཏམ

gtam (romanization)
form གཏམ་པ (nominal)

གཏམས གཏམས#Tibetan

Alternative form of གཏམས (gtams, “to fill up”)


གཏམས

gtams (romanization)
form གཏམས་པ (nominal)
གཏམས (present)
གཏམ (present)
གཏམས (future)
གཏམ (future)
གཏམས (past)
གཏམས (imperative)
གཏོམས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“full, flat, straight”). Related to ཐམ་པ (tham pa), ལྟམས (ltams). Compare also Chinese 斟 (OC *kljum, “to pour”) and 淫 (OC *lɯm, “excessive”).

(transitive) to fill up, to fill, to make full


གཏམས

gtams (romanization)
form གཏམས་པ (nominal)

inflection of གཏམ (gtam, “to say, tell”):


མཆོད

mchod (romanization)
form མཆོད་པ (nominal)
མཆོད (present)
མཆོད (future)
མཆོད (past)
མཆོད (imperative)

(transitive) to offer offerings, to worship, to respect or praise

(transitive, honorific) to consume, to eat, to drink, to smoke, to wear


བཙོང

btsong (romanization)
form བཙོང་བ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsoŋ (“onion”). Compare Chinese 葱 (cōng, “onion”), from Old Chinese 葱 (OC *sʰloːŋ, “onion”).

འཚོང འཚོང#Tibetan


ལྟབ

ltab (romanization)
form ལྟབ་པ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(j)ap (“to fold; to repeat; to pile up; layer”).


ཐེབས

thebs (romanization)
form ཐེབས་པ (nominal)
འཐེབས (present)
ཐེབས (present)
ཐེབས (future)
ཐེབ (past)
འཐེབས (imperative)

(transitive) to suffer, receive; (intransitive) to be afflicted


གསན

gsan (romanization)
form གསན་པ (nominal)


རྒྱ་འདྲེ

head

རྒྱ་འདྲེ • (rgya 'dre) (nominal form རྒྱ་འདྲེ་བ)

rgya 'dre (romanization)
form རྒྱ་འདྲེ་བ (nominal)


ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་གནང

ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་གནང་བ

ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་གནང • (khrom gzigs gnang) (nominal form ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་གནང་བ)

khrom gzigs gnang (romanization)
form ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་གནང་བ (nominal)


འཇོམས

'joms (romanization)
form འཇོམས་པ (nominal)

to beat (win against), overcome, conquer, vanquish, smash


སྦྱོང

sbyong (romanization)
form སྦྱོང་བ (nominal)


ཆུ་རྐྱལ་རྒྱག

ཆུ་རྐྱལ་རྒྱག་པ

ཆུ་རྐྱལ་རྒྱག • (chu rkyal rgyag) (nominal form ཆུ་རྐྱལ་རྒྱག་པ)

chu rkyal rgyag (romanization)
form ཆུ་རྐྱལ་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)


སྐད་ཆ་བཤད

སྐད་ཆ་བཤད • (skad cha bshad) (nominal form སྐད་ཆ་བཤད་པ)

skad cha bshad (romanization)
form སྐད་ཆ་བཤད་པ (nominal)


དབུགས་རྒྱག

དབུགས་རྒྱག་པ

དབུགས་རྒྱག • (dbugs rgyag) (nominal form དབུགས་རྒྱག་པ)

dbugs rgyag (romanization)
form དབུགས་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)


ཕྱིར་སློག་བྱས

ཕྱིར་སློག་བྱས་པ

ཕྱིར་སློག་བྱས • (phyir slog byas) (nominal form ཕྱིར་སློག་བྱས་པ)

phyir slog byas (romanization)
form ཕྱིར་སློག་བྱས་པ (nominal)


བསྒྲུགས

བསྒྲུགས • (bsgrugs) (nominal form བསྒྲུགས་པ)

bsgrugs (romanization)
form བསྒྲུགས་པ (nominal)


གཞུ

gzhu (romanization)
form གཞུ་བ (nominal)
གཞུ (present)
གཞུ (future)
གཞུས (past)
གཞུས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-lij. Compare Chinese 矢 (OC *hliʔ), Burmese လေး (le:, “bow”), S'gaw Karen ချံၣ် (khleè, “bow”), Naxi leemei (“longbow”), Jingpho kung-li (“bow”), Manipuri ꯂꯤꯔꯨꯡ (lirung, “bow”), Limbu li (“bow”), Lepcha sali (“bow”) (STEDT).


བསྐྲངས

བསྐྲངས • (bskrangs) (nominal form བསྐྲངས་པ)

bskrangs (romanization)
form བསྐྲངས་པ (nominal)


སེམས་ཤོར

སེམས་ཤོར • (sems shor) (nominal form སེམས་ཤོར་བ)

sems shor (romanization)
form སེམས་ཤོར་བ (nominal)


རྣག་བསགས

རྣག་བསགས • (rnag bsags) (nominal form རྣག་བསགས་པ)

rnag bsags (romanization)
form རྣག་བསགས་པ (nominal)


རག

rag (romanization)
form རག་པ (nominal)
རག (present)
རག (future)
རག (past)
རག (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Chinese 亞 /亚 (“second; inferior”).


གནད

gnad (romanization)
form གནད་པ (nominal)


འདག་བརྒྱབ

head

འདག་བརྒྱབ • ('dag brgyab) (nominal form འདག་བརྒྱབ་པ)

'dag brgyab (romanization)
form འདག་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


གངས་ཤུར་བཏང

གངས་ཤུར་བཏང་བ

གངས་ཤུར་བཏང • (gangs shur btang) (nominal form གངས་ཤུར་བཏང་བ)

gangs shur btang (romanization)
form གངས་ཤུར་བཏང་བ (nominal)


ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད

ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད་པ

ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད • (khyags shur glod) (nominal form ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད་པ)

khyags shur glod (romanization)
form ཁྱགས་ཤུར་གློད་པ (nominal)


གློ་བརྒྱབ

གློ་བརྒྱབ • (glo brgyab) (nominal form གློ་བརྒྱབ་པ)

glo brgyab (romanization)
form གློ་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


དྭང་བླངས་བྱས

དྭང་བླངས་བྱས་པ

དྭང་བླངས་བྱས • (dwang blangs byas) (nominal form དྭང་བླངས་བྱས་པ)

dwang blangs byas (romanization)
form དྭང་བླངས་བྱས་པ (nominal)


ཁྱགས་པ་ཆགས

ཁྱགས་པ་ཆགས་པ

ཁྱགས་པ་ཆགས • (khyags pa chags) (nominal form ཁྱགས་པ་ཆགས་པ)

khyags pa chags (romanization)
form ཁྱགས་པ་ཆགས་པ (nominal)


ཁྱགས་པ་བཟོས

ཁྱགས་པ་བཟོས་པ

ཁྱགས་པ་བཟོས • (khyags pa bzos) (nominal form ཁྱགས་པ་བཟོས་པ)

khyags pa bzos (romanization)
form ཁྱགས་པ་བཟོས་པ (nominal)


སྨན་བཅོས་བྱས

སྨན་བཅོས་བྱས་པ

སྨན་བཅོས་བྱས • (sman bcos byas) (nominal form སྨན་བཅོས་བྱས་པ)

sman bcos byas (romanization)
form སྨན་བཅོས་བྱས་པ (nominal)


ཕུད

phud (romanization)
form ཕུད་པ (nominal)


དུས་ཚོད་བཟོས

དུས་ཚོད་བཟོས་པ

དུས་ཚོད་བཟོས • (dus tshod bzos) (nominal form དུས་ཚོད་བཟོས་པ)

dus tshod bzos (romanization)
form དུས་ཚོད་བཟོས་པ (nominal)


ཞ་རློན་འཐེན

ཞ་རློན་འཐེན་པ

ཞ་རློན་འཐེན • (zha rlon 'then) (nominal form ཞ་རློན་འཐེན་པ)

zha rlon 'then (romanization)
form ཞ་རློན་འཐེན་པ (nominal)


གཞིས་ཆགས་ལ་ཡོང

གཞིས་ཆགས་ལ་ཡོང་བ

གཞིས་ཆགས་ལ་ཡོང • (gzhis chags la yong) (nominal form གཞིས་ཆགས་ལ་ཡོང་བ)

gzhis chags la yong (romanization)
form གཞིས་ཆགས་ལ་ཡོང་བ (nominal)


བཙན་འཛུལ་བྱས

བཙན་འཛུལ་བྱས་པ

བཙན་འཛུལ་བྱས • (btsan 'dzul byas) (nominal form བཙན་འཛུལ་བྱས་པ)

btsan 'dzul byas (romanization)
form བཙན་འཛུལ་བྱས་པ (nominal)

བཙན་འཛུལ (btsan 'dzul, “invasion”) + བྱས (byas)


གོང་བཅག

གོང་བཅག • (gong bcag) (nominal form གོང་བཅག་པ)

gong bcag (romanization)
form གོང་བཅག་པ (nominal)


གངས་བཏང

གངས་བཏང • (gangs btang) (nominal form གངས་བཏང་བ)


འཁོར་ལོ་བཀག

འཁོར་ལོ་བཀག་པ

འཁོར་ལོ་བཀག • ('khor lo bkag) (nominal form འཁོར་ལོ་བཀག་པ)

'khor lo bkag (romanization)
form འཁོར་ལོ་བཀག་པ (nominal)


སྦར་བྲད་བརྒྱབ

སྦར་བྲད་བརྒྱབ་པ

སྦར་བྲད་བརྒྱབ • (sbar brad brgyab) (nominal form སྦར་བྲད་བརྒྱབ་པ)

sbar brad brgyab (romanization)
form སྦར་བྲད་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


བཏང

btang (romanization)
form བཏང་བ (nominal)

གཏོང གཏོང#Tibetan


སྒོ་ལྕགས་ཕྱེ

སྒོ་ལྕགས་ཕྱེ་བ

སྒོ་ལྕགས་ཕྱེ • (sgo lcags phye) (nominal form སྒོ་ལྕགས་ཕྱེ་བ)

sgo lcags phye (romanization)
form སྒོ་ལྕགས་ཕྱེ་བ (nominal)

སྒོ་ལྕགས (sgo lcags, “lock”) + ཕྱེ (phye)


སྒོ་ལྕགས་བརྒྱབ

སྒོ་ལྕགས་བརྒྱབ་པ

སྒོ་ལྕགས་བརྒྱབ • (sgo lcags brgyab) (nominal form སྒོ་ལྕགས་བརྒྱབ་པ)

sgo lcags brgyab (romanization)
form སྒོ་ལྕགས་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)

སྒོ་ལྕགས (sgo lcags, “lock”) + བརྒྱབ (brgyab)


གཞས་བཏང

གཞས་བཏང • (gzhas btang) (nominal form གཞས་བཏང་བ)

gzhas btang (romanization)
form གཞས་བཏང་བ (nominal)


སྐད་བརྒྱབ

སྐད་བརྒྱབ • (skad brgyab) (nominal form སྐད་བརྒྱབ་པ)

skad brgyab (romanization)
form སྐད་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


འཕུར

'phur (romanization)
form འཕུར་བ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bjar ~ *p(i/u)r (“to fly”). Cognate with Old Chinese 飛 (OC *pɯl, “to fly”), 翂 (OC *pɯn, “appearance of birds flying slowly”), 奮 (OC *pɯns, “spread wings and fly”).


གཏུག་དྲི་ཤོར

head

གཏུག་དྲི་ཤོར་བ

གཏུག་དྲི་ཤོར • (gtug dri shor) (nominal form གཏུག་དྲི་ཤོར་བ)

gtug dri shor (romanization)
form གཏུག་དྲི་ཤོར་བ (nominal)

གཏུག་དྲི (gtug dri, “fart”) + ཤོར (shor, “to lose”)


སྤམ་ཤོར

སྤམ་ཤོར • (spam shor) (nominal form སྤམ་ཤོར་བ)

spam shor (romanization)
form སྤམ་ཤོར་བ (nominal)


བཞེས

bzhes (romanization)
form བཞེས་པ (nominal)


མཇལ

mjal (romanization)
form མཇལ་བ (nominal)

→ Wutunhua: jja


འཚམས་འདྲི་ཞུས

འཚམས་འདྲི་ཞུས་པ

འཚམས་འདྲི་ཞུས • ('tshams 'dri zhus) (nominal form འཚམས་འདྲི་ཞུས་པ)

'tshams 'dri zhus (romanization)
form འཚམས་འདྲི་ཞུས་པ (nominal)


བཙེམས

btsems (romanization)
form བཙེམས་པ (nominal)


སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད

སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད་པ

སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད • (skad sgyur 'jug byed) (nominal form སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད་པ)

skad sgyur 'jug byed (romanization)
form སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇུག་བྱེད་པ (nominal)

སྐད་སྒྱུར (skad sgyur, “translation”) + འཇུག ('jug, “to insert”) + བྱེད (byed, verbalizer, lit. "to do")


བྱུང

byung (romanization)
form བྱུང་བ (nominal)


འཇིབས

'jibs (romanization)
form འཇིབས་པ (nominal)


ཉོས

nyos (romanization)
form ཉོས་པ (nominal)


འཚོང

'tshong (romanization)
form འཚོང་བ (nominal)
འཚོང (present)
བཙོང (future)
བཙོངས (past)
ཚོངས (imperative)


གླས

glas (romanization)
form གླས་པ (nominal)


ཐོབ

thob (romanization)
form ཐོབ་པ (nominal)


བརླགས

brlags (romanization)
form བརླགས་པ (nominal)


ཤོར

shor (romanization)
form ཤོར་བ (nominal)


བཙལ

btsal (romanization)
form བཙལ་བ (nominal)


གཙང་མ་བཟོས

head

གཙང་མ་བཟོས་པ

གཙང་མ་བཟོས • (gtsang ma bzos) (nominal form གཙང་མ་བཟོས་པ)

gtsang ma bzos (romanization)
form གཙང་མ་བཟོས་པ (nominal)

གཙང་མ (gtsang ma, “clean”) + བཟོས (bzos)


དག་ཆ་བྲིས

དག་ཆ་བྲིས • (dag cha bris) (nominal form དག་ཆ་བྲིས་པ)

dag cha bris (romanization)
form དག་ཆ་བྲིས་པ (nominal)


ཉི་སྲེག་བཏང

ཉི་སྲེག་བཏང་བ

ཉི་སྲེག་བཏང • (nyi sreg btang) (nominal form ཉི་སྲེག་བཏང་བ)

nyi sreg btang (romanization)
form ཉི་སྲེག་བཏང་བ (nominal)


བསད

bsad (romanization)
form བསད་པ (nominal)


ཁ་བདར་གློད

ཁ་བདར་གློད་པ

ཁ་བདར་གློད • (kha bdar glod) (nominal form ཁ་བདར་གློད་པ)

kha bdar glod (romanization)
form ཁ་བདར་གློད་པ (nominal)


ཁ་དཔར་གཏོང

ཁ་དཔར་གཏོང་བ

ཁ་དཔར་གཏོང • (kha dpar gtong) (nominal form ཁ་དཔར་གཏོང་བ)

kha dpar gtong (romanization)
form ཁ་དཔར་གཏོང་བ (nominal)

to phone, to telephone, to call (on a telephone)


འབབ

'bab (romanization)
form འབབ་པ (nominal)
འབབ (present)
'bab (present clitic)
བབ (future)
འབབ (future)
'bab (future clitic)
དབབ (future)
བབས (past)
བབ (past)
བབ (imperative)
བབས (imperative)
བོབས (imperative)
འབོབ (imperative)
'bob (imperative clitic)
འབོབས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bap (“to fall over”). Resultative of འབེབས ('bebs).

inh

(intransitive) to go or fall from a higher place to a lower; to descend; to land


འབབ

'bab (romanization)
form འབབ་པ (nominal)
འབབ (present)
'bab (present clitic)
འབབ (future)
'bab (future clitic)
བབ (past)
བོབ (imperative)


བཏགས

btags (romanization)
form བཏགས་པ (nominal)


དམའ་འབེབ་བྱས

head

དམའ་འབེབ་བྱས་པ

དམའ་འབེབ་བྱས • (dma' 'beb byas) (nominal form དམའ་འབེབ་བྱས་པ)

dma' 'beb byas (romanization)
form དམའ་འབེབ་བྱས་པ (nominal)


ཟ་ཕྲུག་ལང

ཟ་ཕྲུག་ལང • (za phrug lang) (nominal form ཟ་ཕྲུག་ལང་བ)

za phrug lang (romanization)
form ཟ་ཕྲུག་ལང་བ (nominal)


བཞར

bzhar (romanization)
form བཞར་བ (nominal)


གཅག་གཏོར་བྱས

གཅག་གཏོར་བྱས་པ

གཅག་གཏོར་བྱས • (gcag gtor byas) (nominal form གཅག་གཏོར་བྱས་པ)

gcag gtor byas (romanization)
form གཅག་གཏོར་བྱས་པ (nominal)


ཇག་ཁྲིད་བྱས

ཇག་ཁྲིད་བྱས་པ

ཇག་ཁྲིད་བྱས • (jag khrid byas) (nominal form ཇག་ཁྲིད་བྱས་པ)

jag khrid byas (romanization)
form ཇག་ཁྲིད་བྱས་པ (nominal)


མིང་འདོགས

མིང་འདོགས • (ming 'dogs) (nominal form མིང་འདོགས་པ)

མིང (ming, “name”) + འདོགས ('dogs, “to name, label, confer”)


བསྒྱུར

head

བསྒྱུར • (bsgyur) (nominal form བསྒྱུར་བ)

bsgyur (romanization)
form བསྒྱུར་བ (nominal)

སྒྱུར སྒྱུར#Tibetan

སྒྱུར སྒྱུར#Tibetan


ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས

ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ

ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས • (yig gzugs phab sgyur byas) (nominal form ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ)

yig gzugs phab sgyur byas (romanization)
form ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ (nominal)

en-ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཕབ་སྒྱུར་བྱས-bo-verb-t6itpXUX


བཙབས

btsabs (romanization)
form བཙབས་པ (nominal)


དྲན

dran (romanization)
form དྲན་པ (nominal)


རི་དྭགས་བརྒྱབ

རི་དྭགས་བརྒྱབ་པ

རི་དྭགས་བརྒྱབ • (ri dwags brgyab) (nominal form རི་དྭགས་བརྒྱབ་པ)

ri dwags brgyab (romanization)
form རི་དྭགས་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


རྒྱན་རྩེད་རྩེས

རྒྱན་རྩེད་རྩེས་པ

རྒྱན་རྩེད་རྩེས • (rgyan rtsed rtses) (nominal form རྒྱན་རྩེད་རྩེས་པ)

rgyan rtsed rtses (romanization)
form རྒྱན་རྩེད་རྩེས་པ (nominal)


མེ་མདའ་བརྒྱབ

མེ་མདའ་བརྒྱབ་པ

མེ་མདའ་བརྒྱབ • (me mda' brgyab) (nominal form མེ་མདའ་བརྒྱབ་པ)

me mda' brgyab (romanization)
form མེ་མདའ་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)

མེ་མདའ (me mda', “gun”) + བརྒྱབ (brgyab)


ལྷད་མེད་བཟོས

ལྷད་མེད་བཟོས་པ

ལྷད་མེད་བཟོས • (lhad med bzos) (nominal form ལྷད་མེད་བཟོས་པ)

lhad med bzos (romanization)
form ལྷད་མེད་བཟོས་པ (nominal)


ཚ་ལ་བརྒྱབ

ཚ་ལ་བརྒྱབ • (tsha la brgyab) (nominal form ཚ་ལ་བརྒྱབ་པ)

tsha la brgyab (romanization)
form ཚ་ལ་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


ཚ་ལ་བཏང

ཚ་ལ་བཏང • (tsha la btang) (nominal form ཚ་ལ་བཏང་བ)

tsha la btang (romanization)
form ཚ་ལ་བཏང་བ (nominal)


སྤྲད

sprad (romanization)
form སྤྲད་པ (nominal)


དབང་སྒྱུར

དབང་སྒྱུར • (dbang sgyur) (nominal form དབང་སྒྱུར་བ)

dbang sgyur (romanization)
form དབང་སྒྱུར་བ (nominal)


འགྲོངས

འགྲོངས • ('grongs) (nominal form འགྲོངས་པ)

'grongs (romanization)
form འགྲོངས་པ (nominal)


གྲོངས

grongs (romanization)
form གྲོངས་པ (nominal)

འགྲོངས འགྲོངས#Tibetan

Alternative spelling of འགྲོངས ('grongs)


བླུགས

blugs (romanization)
form བླུགས་པ (nominal)


བཤོས

bshos (romanization)
form བཤོས་པ (nominal)


གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང

གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང་བ

གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང • (gnya' gnon btang) (nominal form གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང་བ)

gnya' gnon btang (romanization)
form གཉའ་གནོན་བཏང་བ (nominal)


བཙན་གནོན་བྱས

བཙན་གནོན་བྱས་པ

བཙན་གནོན་བྱས • (btsan gnon byas) (nominal form བཙན་གནོན་བྱས་པ)

btsan gnon byas (romanization)
form བཙན་གནོན་བྱས་པ (nominal)


བཙན་འགོག་བྱས

བཙན་འགོག་བྱས་པ

བཙན་འགོག་བྱས • (btsan 'gog byas) (nominal form བཙན་འགོག་བྱས་པ)

btsan 'gog byas (romanization)
form བཙན་འགོག་བྱས་པ (nominal)


རི་མོ་བྲིས

རི་མོ་བྲིས་པ

རི་མོ་བྲིས • (ri mo bris) (nominal form རི་མོ་བྲིས་པ)

ri mo bris (romanization)
form རི་མོ་བྲིས་པ (nominal)


ཉེན་ག་ནས་བཏོན

ཉེན་ག་ནས་བཏོན་པ

ཉེན་ག་ནས་བཏོན • (nyen ga nas bton) (nominal form ཉེན་ག་ནས་བཏོན་པ)

nyen ga nas bton (romanization)
form ཉེན་ག་ནས་བཏོན་པ (nominal)


གཏུག་དྲི་བཏང

གཏུག་དྲི་བཏང་བ

གཏུག་དྲི་བཏང • (gtug dri btang) (nominal form གཏུག་དྲི་བཏང་བ)

gtug dri btang (romanization)
form གཏུག་དྲི་བཏང་བ (nominal)

གཏུག་དྲི (gtug dri, “fart”) + བཏང (btang, “to drive, to fly”)


ཁྲིམས་ལ་བསྐྱལ

ཁྲིམས་ལ་བསྐྱལ་བ

ཁྲིམས་ལ་བསྐྱལ • (khrims la bskyal) (nominal form ཁྲིམས་ལ་བསྐྱལ་བ)

khrims la bskyal (romanization)
form ཁྲིམས་ལ་བསྐྱལ་བ (nominal)


ཤུ་བརྒྱབ

ཤུ་བརྒྱབ • (shu brgyab) (nominal form ཤུ་བརྒྱབ་པ)

shu brgyab (romanization)
form ཤུ་བརྒྱབ་པ (nominal)


བཀྲུ་བ

བཀྲུ་བ • (bkru ba) (nominal form བཀྲུ་བ་བ)

bkru ba (romanization)
form བཀྲུ་བ་བ (nominal)


ཉོ

nyo (romanization)
form ཉོ་བ (nominal)
ཉོ (present)
ཉོ (future)
ཉོས (past)
ཉོས (imperative)


བཏོན

bton (romanization)
form བཏོན་པ (nominal)

འདོན འདོན#Tibetan

གདོན གདོན#Tibetan


ཉན

nyan (romanization)
form ཉན་པ (nominal)
ཉན (present)
ཉན (future)
ཉནད (past)
ཉོནད (imperative)

From Classical Tibetan མཉནད (mnyand, “to listen”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nyan (“to hear; to listen”). Cognate with Chinese 認 /认 (rèn, “to recognize”).


མཉན

mnyan (romanization)
form མཉན་པ (nominal)


ཐུབ

thub (romanization)
form ཐུབ་པ (nominal)
ཐུབ (present)
ཐུབ (future)
ཐུབ (past)
ཐུབ (imperative)


འདོམས

'doms (romanization)
form འདོམས་པ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-tam ~ g-dam (“to talk, to speak”).


གཏོམ

gtom (romanization)
form གཏོམ་པ (nominal)


སྒྲིལ

sgril (romanization)
form སྒྲིལ་བ (nominal)
སྒྲིལ (present)
བསྒྲིལ (future)
བསྒྲིལ (past)
སྒྲིལ (imperative)


སྲིད

srid (romanization)
form སྲིད་པ (nominal)
སྲིད (present)
བསྲིད (future)
བསྲིད (past)


སྦྱང

sbyang (romanization)
form སྦྱང་བ (nominal)
སྦྱོང (alternative)


དགོས

dgos (romanization)
form དགོས་པ (nominal)

(serial verb, takes verbal root preceding it) must, to need to, to be necessary


མཇུག་སྒྲིལ

head

མཇུག་སྒྲིལ་བ

མཇུག་སྒྲིལ • (mjug sgril) (nominal form མཇུག་སྒྲིལ་བ)

mjug sgril (romanization)
form མཇུག་སྒྲིལ་བ (nominal)

/t͡ɕu(k̚)ˀ˩˧˨ ʈ͡ʂi˩˨/

མཇུག (mjug, “end”) + སྒྲིལ (sgril, “roll, wrap”)


ཡིན

(the personal, egophoric essential/equational copula) to be


གཏོར

gtor (romanization)
form གཏོར་བ (nominal)


ལྡན

ldan (romanization)
form ལྡན་པ (nominal)

to be associated with; to be devoted to; to be connected to; in conjunction with


རག་ལས

head

རག་ལས • (rag las) (nominal form རག་ལས་པ)

rag las (romanization)
form རག་ལས་པ (nominal)

གང་ལ་རག་ལས་ཡོད།


གསོན

gson (romanization)
form གསོན་པ (nominal)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“arise, awaken”).


གནང

gnang (romanization)
form གནང་བ (nominal)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g/s-naŋ (“give / command / concede”). Cognate with 讓 (OC *njaŋs, “to concede; to allow”), 攘 (OC *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs, “to remove; to steal”), 禳 (OC *njaŋ, “to expel; to sacrifice to expel disasters”), Burmese နှင်း (hnang:, “to confer; to grant”), Burmese နှင် (hnang, “to drive away; to expel”) (Schuessler, 2007).


བཟོ

bzo (romanization)
form བཟོ་བ (nominal)
བཟོ (present)
བཟོ (future)
བཟོས (past)
བཟོས (imperative)

མོག་མོག་ཞིམ་པོ་བཟོ་མཁན་བུ་མོ་དེ


བཤད

bshad (romanization)
form བཤད་པ (nominal)


གོ

go (romanization)
form གོ་བ (nominal)
གོ (present)
གོ (future)
གོ (past)


ཁྲིད

khrid (romanization)
form ཁྲིད་པ (nominal)

ཆུ་སྣ་གར་ཁྲིད

Water that flows wherever it is directed


སྐྱུག་པ་ཤོར

head

སྐྱུག་པ་ཤོར་བ

སྐྱུག་པ་ཤོར • (skyug pa shor) (nominal form སྐྱུག་པ་ཤོར་བ)

skyug pa shor (romanization)
form སྐྱུག་པ་ཤོར་བ (nominal)


མྱུ་གུ་འབུས་པ

མྱུ་གུ་འབུས་པ་བ

མྱུ་གུ་འབུས་པ • (myu gu 'bus pa) (nominal form མྱུ་གུ་འབུས་པ་བ)

myu gu 'bus pa (romanization)
form མྱུ་གུ་འབུས་པ་བ (nominal)


ས་བོན་སྨིན་པ

ས་བོན་སྨིན་པ་བ

ས་བོན་སྨིན་པ • (sa bon smin pa) (nominal form ས་བོན་སྨིན་པ་བ)

sa bon smin pa (romanization)
form ས་བོན་སྨིན་པ་བ (nominal)


དབང་སྒྱུར་བྱས

དབང་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ

དབང་སྒྱུར་བྱས • (dbang sgyur byas) (nominal form དབང་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ)

dbang sgyur byas (romanization)
form དབང་སྒྱུར་བྱས་པ (nominal)


སྐྱོབ་པ

སྐྱོབ་པ • (skyob pa) (nominal form སྐྱོབ་པ་བ)

skyob pa (romanization)
form སྐྱོབ་པ་བ (nominal)


ཆགས

chags (romanization)
form ཆགས་པ (nominal)


འདྲེ

'dre (romanization)
form འདྲེ་བ (nominal)
འདྲེ (present)
'dre (present clitic)
འདྲེ (future)
'dre (future clitic)
འདྲེས (past)


བཞག

/ɕa(k̚)ˀ˩˧˨/


སད

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swat (“awake”).


མྱོང

myong (romanization)
form མྱོང་བ (nominal)
མྱོང (present)
མྱང (future)
མྱངས (past)
མྱོངས (imperative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(r/y)aŋ (“taste”). Compare Chinese 嘗 /尝 (cháng, “taste”). (STEDT).


འབྲུལ

'brul (romanization)
form འབྲུལ་བ (nominal)
འབྲུལ (present)
བྲུལ (future)
བྲུལད (past)
བྲུལད (imperative)

Schuessler (2007) connects this to Chinese 累 (“tired”).

to fall; to drop; to break off, to fall off


སྲུལ

srul (romanization)
form སྲུལ་བ (nominal)
སྲུལ (present)
བསྲུལ (future)
བསྲུལ (past)
སྲུལད (imperative)

(archaic) to rot; to decompose; to putrefy


ཧྲུལ

hrul (romanization)
form ཧྲུལ་བ (nominal)
ཧྲུལ (present)
ཧྲུལ (future)
ཧྲུལད (past)
ཧྲུལད (imperative)

Schuessler (2007) connects this with Chinese 累 (“tired”).

to be worn out; to become too old; to decay


འགས་པ

འགས་པ • ('gas pa) (nominal form འགས་པ་བ)

Schuessler (2007) connects this with Chinese 割 (“tired”).


སྒྲོ

sgro (romanization)
form སྒྲོ་བ (nominal)
སྒྲོ (present)
བསྒྲོ (future)
བསྒྲོས (past)
སྒྲོ (imperative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwa
Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro)
Either from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwa (“feather”), whence Chinese 羽 (Coblin, 1986; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; STEDT), or *w(a/u) (“bird; egg; wing; fowl”) (Matisoff, 2000; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2021b; STEDT).


འཕྱོ

'phyo (romanization)
form འཕྱོ་བ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pyaw (“to soar, to fly, to float, to swim”).


བརྗེད

brjed (romanization)
form བརྗེད་པ (nominal)
བརྗེད (present)
བརྗེད (future)
བརྗེད (past)
བརྗེད (imperative)

ནམ་ཡང་མ་བརྗེད།


སྒུག

sgug (romanization)
form སྒུག་པ (nominal)
སྒུག (present)
བསྒུགས (future)
བསྒུག (past)
སྒུགས (imperative)


ལྟམས

ltams (romanization)
form ལྟམས་པ (nominal)
ལྟམས (present)
བལྟམ (future)
བལྟམས (past)
ལྟམས (imperative)
ལྟམ (alternative)
བལྟམས (alternative)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“full, flat, straight”). Related to ཐམ་པ (tham pa), གཏམས (gtams).
Compare Chinese 斟 (OC *kljum, “to pour”) and 淫 (OC *lɯm, “excessive”).


སྐྱེ

skye (romanization)
form སྐྱེ་བ (nominal)
སྐྱེ (present)
སྐྱེ (future)
སྐྱེས (past)
སྐྱེས (imperative)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-kya-y (“born, give birth”).


འཁྲུད

'khrud (romanization)
form འཁྲུད་པ (nominal)
འཁྲུད (present)
བཀྲུ (future)
བཀྲུས (past)
ཁྲུས (imperative)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *krəw-t (“wash”) (STEDT). Cognate to Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), and Burmese ရေချိုး (rehkyui:).


ལྟོགས

ltogs (romanization)
form ལྟོགས་པ (nominal)


གསུང

gsung (romanization)
form གསུང་བ (nominal)
གསུང (present)
གསུང (future)
གསུངས (past)
གསུངས (imperative)


འཁྱག

'khyag (romanization)
form འཁྱག་པ (nominal)
འཁྱག (present)
འཁྱག (future)
འཁྱགས (past)


འཁྱགས

head

འཁྱགས • ('khyags) (nominal form འཁྱགས་པ)

'khyags (romanization)
form འཁྱགས་པ (nominal)

འཁྱག འཁྱག#Tibetan

past of འཁྱག ('khyag), often used in compounds


གཏོང

gtong (romanization)
form གཏོང་བ (nominal)
གཏོང (present)
བཏང (future)
གཏང (past)
ཐོང (imperative)
ཐོངས (imperative)

ཁྱེད་ཀྱི་སྔོན་དུ་ང་ཡི་ཕོ་ཉ་གཏོང

send, dismiss, let go, cast away, give away

གནམ་གྲུ་གཏོང

ཉུང་དུ་གཏོང


ཚེས

tshes (romanization)
form ཚེས་པ (nominal)


དྭངས

dwangs (romanization)
form དྭངས་པ (nominal)

བློ་གྲོས་དྭངས་ཤིང་གསལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་དཔྱད་པར་འཚལ

1990, ཚེ་ཏན་ཞབས་དྲུང Tshe-tan-zhabs-drung, ཐོན་མིའི་ཞལ་ལུང Thon mi'i zhal lung:

Those with clear and bright intellect should investigate.

blo gros dwangs shing gsal ba rnams kyis dpyad par 'tshal

(intransitive) recover from illness, clear up


ལྟུང

ltung (romanization)
form ལྟུང་བ (nominal)
ལྟུང (present)
ལྟུང (future)
ལྟུངས (past)
ལྟུང (imperative)


རྙེད

rnyed (romanization)
form རྙེད་པ (nominal)
རྙེད (present)
བརྙེད (future)
རྙེད (future)
བརྙེས (past)
བརྙེད (past)
རྙེད (past)
རྙེས (imperative)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/r-ney-t (“to get, have, obtain”) (STEDT).
Cognate with Mizo nei, S'gaw Karen န့ၢ် (nay̱), Mara Chin hnēi.


འབྱང

'byang (romanization)
form འབྱང་བ (nominal)
འབྱང (present)
འབྱོངས (future)
འབྱང (future)
འབྱངས (past)
བྱང (past)
བྱང (imperative)

to be knowledgeable in, to master a skill


ཤོག

shog (romanization)
form ཤོག་པ (nominal)


བཀོད

bkod (romanization)
form བཀོད་པ (nominal)

འགོད འགོད#Tibetan


འགོད

'god (romanization)
form འགོད་པ (nominal)
འགོད (present)
'god (present clitic)
དགོད (future)
བཀོད (past)
ཁོད (imperative)

སྙིང་ལ་འགོད

ཁྱེད་རང་གི་བཀའ་སློབ་རྣམས་ངའི་སྙིང་ལ་བཀོད་ཡོད།

khyed rang gi bka' slob rnams nga'i snying la bkod yod


འགོང

'gong (romanization)
form འགོང་བ (nominal)
འགོང (present)
འགོང (future)
འགོངས (past)


གཟིམ

gzim (romanization)
form གཟིམ་པ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(d)z(i/u)m (“to sleep”). Compare Chinese 寢 (OC *sʰimʔ, “to lie down, sleep”) (STEDT).


བཙོངས

head

བཙོངས • (btsongs) (nominal form བཙོངས་པ)

btsongs (romanization)
form བཙོངས་པ (nominal)

འཚོང འཚོང#Tibetan


འདོན

'don (romanization)
form འདོན་པ (nominal)
འདོན (present)
'don (present clitic)
གཏོན (future)
བཏོན (past)
ཐོན (imperative)

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *(d/t)wan (“go out, come out, pull”). Compare Chinese 旽, 暾 (OC *tʰuːn) and Jingpho dun (“pull”) (STEDT).

inh

ཀོང་ཤིས་ལིང་ཧྲན་རྫོང་གི་འབྲུག་ཚགས་གཅིག་རྗེས་གཉིས་མཐུད་ངང་ཁྲོམ་རར་བཏོན་པ།

Lychees from Lingshan County, Guangxi, continue to be brought successively to market.

kong shis ling hran rdzong gi 'brug tshags gcig rjes gnyis mthud ngang khrom rar bton pa

(agentive, transitive) cause to come out, produce, put forth, publish

(agentive, transitive) say, intone, read out


ཚོངས

tshongs (romanization)
form ཚོངས་པ (nominal)

འཚོང འཚོང#Tibetan


བགྲང

bgrang (romanization)
form བགྲང་བ (nominal)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-raŋ (“to count, to measure”) (STEDT). Cognate to Chinese 量 (“to measure”), Khaling ʾkhran-ne, Burmese ခြင် (hkrang, “to measure capacity”), Nusu xɹɯ³¹ (“to count”).


ཐེ

Has been connected to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *teɣ (“God”); compare Chinese 帝 (OC *teːɡs, “God of Heaven”), 禘 (OC *deːɡs, “a kind of sacrifice”), Jingpho [script needed] (mə³¹-tai³³, “god of the sky”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *mɯ-Dai⁴ (“spirit; god”) (Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Sagart, 2011).


མཚན་གསོལ

head

མཚན་གསོལ • (mtshan gsol) (nominal form མཚན་གསོལ་བ)

mtshan gsol (romanization)
form མཚན་གསོལ་བ (nominal)

མཚན (mtshan, “name (honorific)”) + གསོལ (gsol, “to supplicate, make an offering; to vest; to wish well (honorific)”)

com

(honorific) to name, label, confer a name upon


མིང་འདོགས་རྒྱག

head

མིང་འདོགས་རྒྱག་པ

མིང་འདོགས་རྒྱག • (ming 'dogs rgyag) (nominal form མིང་འདོགས་རྒྱག་པ)

ming 'dogs rgyag (romanization)
form མིང་འདོགས་རྒྱག་པ (nominal)

མིང་འདོགས (ming 'dogs, “nickname (derogatory)”) + རྒྱག (rgyag, verbalizer, lit. to put, strike, hit)


ཁོལ

འཁོལ འཁོལ#Tibetan

འཁོལ འཁོལ#Tibetan

འགེལ འགེལ#Tibetan

བཀོལ བཀོལ#Tibetan


ཆམས་པ་ཕོག

/t͡ɕʰam˥˥.pa˥˥ pʰo˥˨/

ཆམས་པ (chams pa, “common cold”) + ཕོག (phog, “hit, strike”)


ཁྲུས

khrus (romanization)
form ཁྲུས་པ (nominal)

འཁྲུ འཁྲུ#Tibetan

འཁྲུ འཁྲུ#Tibetan


མིན

min (romanization)
form མིན་པ (nominal)
མན (alternative)

the personal, egophoric essential/equational negative copula, to not be


བརྩེ

brtse (romanization)
form བརྩེ་བ (nominal)


འདོད་པ

head

འདོད་པ • ('dod pa) (nominal form འདོད་པ་བ)

'dod pa (romanization)
form འདོད་པ་བ (nominal)


སྐྲང

skrang (romanization)
form སྐྲང་བ (nominal)
སྐྲང (present)
སྐྲང (future)
སྐྲངས (past)


སྐྲངས

སྐྲང སྐྲང#Tibetan


ལན་རྒྱག

/lɛ̃˩˧˨.caːˑ/


རྒྱག

rgyag (romanization)
རྒྱག (present)
རྒྱག (future)
བརྒྱབ (past)
རྒྱབ (past)
རྒྱོབ (imperative)

make (verbalizer, forms verbs from nouns)


ཐུད

འདུད འདུད#Tibetan


བསྡུས

སྡུད སྡུད#Tibetan


འདུ

'du (romanization)
form འདུ་བ (nominal)
འདུ (present)
'du (present clitic)
འདུ (future)
'du (future clitic)
འདུད (future)
'dud (future clitic)
འདུས (past)
'dus (past clitic)
འདུས (imperative)
'dus (imperative clitic)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)u-n/t (“join, tie, knot, bring together, assemble, fold”). Related to མདུད (mdud, “to tie together”).

inh

(intransitive) to collect, to gather, to assemble, to pool

(intransitive) to combine, to be abridged