སངས་རྒྱས

/saŋ˥˥.cɛː˥˨/

Calque of Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha, “Buddha; awakened”), from སངས (sangs, “purified; cleansed”) + རྒྱས (rgyas, “extended; fully grown; spread”), literally “the awakened-blossomed one”, meaning that the Buddha has awakened from the sleep of ignorance and spread his mind to all objects of knowledge.


རླུང་རྟ

→ English: wind horse (calque)

→ German: Windpferd (calque)

/luŋ˥˥.tə˥˥/

རླུང (rlung, “wind”) + རྟ (rta, “horse”).

A type of prayer flag, flown horizontally.


བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ

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བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ • (byang chub sems dpa')

བྱང་ཆུབ (byang chub, “enlightenment, total perfection”) + སེམས (sems, “mind”) + དཔའ་བོ (dpa' bo, “hero, spiritual warrior”)

com

bodhisattva (derived from Sanskrit) One who vows to forgo and does forgo nirvana to work in samsara for the benefit of all sentient beings.


བྱང་ཆུབ

/t͡ɕʰaŋ˩˨.t͡ɕʰu˥˨/

བྱང (byang, “purified, perfected”) + ཆུབ (chub, “pervasively realized”).

compound

(Buddhism) awakening, enlightenment, bodhi


བྱམས་པ

/t͡ɕʰam˩˨ pa˥˥/

Semantic loan from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya, “friendly, benevolent”).


དཔལ་བེའུ

endless knot, eternal knot, shrivatsa (Sanskrit)


ཆོས་འཁོར་གསུམ

three doctrinal centres, three turnings of the dharma


ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ

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ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ • (chos kyi 'khor lo)


མཆོད་སྟེགས

མཆོད (mchod, “offering, worship, ceremony”) + སྟེགས (stegs, “platform; lifted”)


སྡིག་པ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-diːk (“scorpion, crab, shrimp”). Compare Mizo tit (“scorpion”) and Tangut 𘝠 (*thjɨ², “scorpion”).


དཀོན་མཆོག

/kø̃˥˥.t͡ɕo(k̚)ˀ˥˨/

From དཀོན (dkon, “rare”) + མཆོག (mchog, “excellent”)


སྙིང

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”).


རིན་ཆེན་གདུགས

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རིན་ཆེན་གདུགས

རིན་ཆེན་གདུགས • (rin chen gdugs)

རིན་ཆེན (rin chen, “precious”) + གདུགས (gdugs, “umbrella”).

com

sacred umbrella, precious parasol, chhatra (Sanskrit)


ཨ་ཙ་ར

(folklore) A type of hobgoblin or spectre.


ཕོ་ཉ

→ French: panda (possible derivation)


ལྷ

→ Wutunhua: lha


སྤྲུལ་སྐུ

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སྤྲུལ་སྐུ • (sprul sku)

/ʈ͡ʂyː˥˥.ku˥˥/

སྤྲུལ (sprul, “to juggle, to make phantoms appear, to change, to transform”) + སྐུ (sku, “body; the person of Buddha; image, statue of Buddha”). Short for སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ (sprul pa'i sku) or སྤྲུལ་པ་སྐུ (sprul pa sku).
Equivalent to Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya), Chinese 應身, 化身, Mongolian хувилгаан (xuvilgaan).

compound

Tulku (a concept in Tibetan Buddhism); "emanation body", reincarnation


སྡུག་བསྔལ་བརྒྱད

སྡུག་བསྔལ (sdug bsngal) + བརྒྱད (brgyad)

(Buddhism) the "eight sufferings" (Dukkha#Eight types)


སྡུག་བསྔལ

/tu˩˨.ŋɛː˥˥/


ཚོགས་ཞིང

ཚོགས (tshogs, “accumulation (of merit)”) + ཞིང (zhing, “field, region”)


བར་དོ

→ English: bardo

(Buddhism) An intermediate or in-between state in the cycle of death and rebirth, often portrayed as a place in which the soul resides between death and being reborn into the world; bardo, limbo.


སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས

→ Mongolian: Жанрайсиг (Žanrajsig),

Literally "one who looks down with an unwavering eye", a loose calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (avalokiteśvara).

calque

अवलोकितेश्वर


དགེ་སློང

Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠯᠦᠩ (gelüng)

Khalkha Mongolian: гэлэн (gelen)

Kalmyk: гелң (gelñ)


རྒྱལ་བ

(Buddhism) victorious one (epithet of the Buddha)


ཡེ་ཤེས

From ཡེ (ye, “primordial”) + ཤེས (shes, “to know, understand, realise, cognise”).


གཏེར་མ

(Buddhism) A terma, a hidden teaching (or on occasion religious object).


གཏེར་སྟོན

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གཏེར་སྟོན • (gter ston)

From གཏེར (gter, “treasure”) + སྟོན (ston, “reveal”).

compound

(Buddhism) A tertön, a Buddhist master who discoveries hidden texts.


ཆོས་སྐད

/t͡ɕʰøː˥˥.kɛː˥˨/

From ཆོས (chos, “dharma”) + སྐད (skad, “language”).


བོན

From འབོད ('bod, “to call; to shout”) (Zhang, 2009). Possibly related to བོད (bod, “Tibet”) as well (Lalou, 1958).

(religion) Bon, an indigenous religious tradition of Tibet.


བོན་པོ

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བོན་པོ • (bon po)

/pʰø̃˩˨.po˥˥/


གྲྭ་པ

/ʈ͡ʂʰa˩˧˨.paˑ/

གྲྭ (grwa) + པ (pa, “nominalization suffix”)

compound

གྲྭ་པ་མེད་པའི་མཁན་པོ་


མི་སྐུ

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མི་སྐུ • (mi sku)


མི་ཆོས

folk religion; the ways and customs of people


ལྷ་ཆོས

sacred dharma; the religious precepts of Buddhism


དགེ་འདུན

དགེ་འདུན • (dge 'dun)

From དགེ (dge, “virtuous, good”) + འདུན ('dun, “intention, aspiration”).


ཆོས་འཁོར

(Buddhism) dharmachakra, dharma wheel, wheel of life


རྣ་བའི་དབང་པོ

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རྣ་བའི་དབང་པོ

A translation of Sanskrit श्रोत्रेन्द्रिय (śrotrendriya, “sense or organ of hearing”). The Chinese equivalent is 耳根 (ěrgēn).

der

श्रोत्रेन्द्रिय

(Buddhism) “ear or hearing faculty”, one of the six sensory faculties


དགོན་པ

→ English: gompa

→ Kurtöp: གོན་པ (gonpa)


མཁན་པོ

desctree

→ Chinese: 堪布 (kānbù)
→ Middle Mongol: ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ (qambu)
Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠮᠪᠤ (qambu)
Buryat: хамба (xamba)
Mongolian: хамба (xamba)

/kʰɛ̃˥˥.po˥˥/

Inherited from Old Tibetan མཁན་པོ (mkhan po), calqued from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya).

inh+

(Tibetan Buddhism) khenpo (degree for higher Buddhist studies given in Tibetan Buddhism)


མཆོད་རྟེན

→ English: chorten

/t͡ɕʰøː˥˥.tẽ˥˥/

མཆོད (mchod, “to offer; to worship”) + རྟེན (rten, “seat; temple”).


ཕུར་བ

(Buddhism) A kind of ritual dagger, the kīla.


བླ་རི

(Buddhism) The hill or mountain on which one's soul rests after one dies.


བླ

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Chinese 魄 (OC *pʰraːɡ) and Burmese လိပ်ပြာ (lippra).
Also related to 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”), see there for more.


སྒྲུབ་ཐབས

/ʈ͡ʂup̚˩˨.tʰəp̚˥˨/

སྒྲུབ (sgrub, “to accomplish”) + ཐབས (thabs)

(religion) sadhana, means of accomplishment


བཀའ་བརྒྱུད

Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism#English

Kagyu (one of the six main schools of Tibetan Buddhism)

bo:བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་པ།


ཡི་དམ

→ English: yidam

(Buddhism) yidam (a type of deity associated with tantric or Vajrayana Buddhism said to be manifestations of Buddhahood or enlightened mind)


དབང་ཕྱུག

/wəŋ˥˥.t͡ɕʰu˥˨/


ལེན་པ

(Buddhism) grasping, strong desire, clinging to life


བདེ་བ་ཅན

→ Mongolian: диваажин (divaažin)


འཁོར་བ

(Buddhism) samsara, the cycle of powerless birth, aging, sickness, and death


དགེ་སློང་མ

desc

Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠯᠣᠩᠮᠠ (gelongm-a)

Khalkha Mongolian: гэлэнмаа (gelenmaa)


བསྟན་པ

/tɛ̃˥˥.pa˥˥/

(Buddhism) doctrine (a single doctrine, or a whole system of doctrines)


ལྷ་མོ་དགོན

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ལྷ་མོ་དགོན • (lha mo dgon)


རྣམ་ཐར

→ English: namtar

Contracted form of རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ (rnam par thar pa, “complete liberation”). Possibly a calque of Sanskrit विमोक्ष (vimokṣa, “final liberation”).

cal

(Vajrayana Buddhism) namtar, hagiography, biography, life story; biographical notes about yogis


ལྷན་ཅིག་སྐྱེས་པའི་དགའ་བ

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ལྷན་ཅིག་སྐྱེས་པའི་དགའ་བ • (lhan cig skyes pa'i dga' ba)

lhan cig skyes pa'i dga' ba (romanization)

सहजानन्द सहजानन्द#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) Innate bliss, innate joy, co-emergent joy (joy that is co-emergent with being itself), Sanskrit सहजानन्द (sahajānanda)

en-ལྷན་ཅིག་སྐྱེས་པའི་དགའ་བ-bo-noun-L6I7a4dw


དགའ་བཞི

(Buddhism) The four joys (joy, supreme joy, transcendent joy, and innate joy)


ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་མ

ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་མ • (shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin ma)

shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin ma (romanization)

(Buddhism) Prajñāpāramitā (the Perfection of Wisdom personified)

en-ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་མ-bo-noun-ykcfeKuC


ཚད་མེད་བཞི

अप्रमाण अप्रमाण#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) The four immeasurable attitudes (loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity), Sanskrit अप्रमाण (apramāṇa), Pali appamaññā


ལོངས་སྦྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ

ལོངས་སྦྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ • (longs sbyod rdzogs pa'i sku)

longs sbyod rdzogs pa'i sku (romanization)

संभोगकाय संभोगकाय#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) Body of bliss, enjoyment body, Sanskrit संभोगकाय (saṃbhogakāya), one of the three bodies of a Buddha, the second mode or aspect of the Trikaya

en-ལོངས་སྦྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ-bo-noun-WxYoBO~q


མི་གཡོ་བ

(Buddhism) The deity Acala ("Immovable"), Sanskrit अचल (acala)


ཤེས་རབ

(Buddhism) the female partner in sexual yoga


གཏུམ་པོ་ཁྲོ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ

གཏུམ་པོ་ཁྲོ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ • (gtum po khro bo chen po)

चण्डमहारोषण चण्डमहारोषण#Sanskrit

the deity Candamaharosana, चण्डमहारोषण (caṇḍamahāroṣaṇa)

en-གཏུམ་པོ་ཁྲོ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ-bo-noun-TEuR4FLm


རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ

རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ • (rdo rje sems dpa')

वज्रसत्त्व वज्रसत्त्व#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) the deity Vajrasattva, Sanskrit वज्रसत्त्व (vajrasattva)


བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས

भगवान् भगवान्#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) Bhagavan, blessed one, lord, buddha, Sanskrit भगवान् (bhagavān)


རྡོ་རྗེ་དབྱིངས

རྡོ་རྗེ་དབྱིངས • (rdo rje dbyings)

वज्रधातु वज्रधातु#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) Vajra realm, immutable basic space (the experiental sphere of nonduality), Sanskrit वज्रधातु (vajradhātu)


བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ

བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ • (bcom ldan 'das rdo rje sems dpa')

bcom ldan 'das rdo rje sems dpa' (romanization)

(Buddhism) Lord Vajrasattva, Bhagavan Vajrasattva

en-བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ-bo-noun-W1Ho9LJm


ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན

समाधि समाधि#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) meditative absorption, Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi)


རྡོ་རྗེ་དབྱིངས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་མ

རྡོ་རྗེ་དབྱིངས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་མ • (rdo rje dbyings kyi dbang phyug ma)

rdo rje dbyings kyi dbang phyug ma (romanization)

वज्रधात्वीश्वरी वज्रधात्वीश्वरी#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) consort of Candamaharosana, goddess of the Vajra realm, Sanskrit वज्रधात्वीश्वरी (vajradhātvīśvarī)

en-རྡོ་རྗེ་དབྱིངས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་མ-bo-noun-npZQtDQu


ལྟ་སྟངས

ལྟ (lta, “see”) + སྟངས (stangs, “method, way”)


ཐུགས་རྗེ

From ཐུགས (thugs) + རྗེ (rje); parallel to its non-honorific plain form.

(honorific, Buddhism) compassion, karuṇā


སྙིང་རྗེ

/ȵiŋ˥˥.t͡ɕeˑ/

From སྙིང (snying, “mind, heart”) + རྗེ (rje, “lord”); compare the semantic development of Chinese 仁 (rén).


བཟང་ངན

/saŋ˩˨.ŋɛ̃ˑ/


བཟང་ཞན

/saŋ˩˨.ɕɛ̃ˑ/


དབྱངས་ཅན་སྒྲོལ་མ

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དབྱངས་ཅན་སྒྲོལ་མ • (dbyangs can sgrol ma)

དབྱངས་ཅན (dbyangs can, “Sarasvati”) + སྒྲོལ་མ (sgrol ma, “Tara”).


དབྱངས་ཅན་མ

དབྱངས་ཅན (dbyangs can, “Sarasvati”) + མ (ma, “goddess”).


སྒྲོལ་མ

From སྒྲོལ (sgrol, “deliverance; transport”) + མ (ma, “mother”)


ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་དོན་གཅིག

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ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་དོན་གཅིག • (chos 'khor dang don gcig)

From ཆོས་འཁོར (chos 'khor) + དང (dang) + དོན (don) + གཅིག (gcig).

com

(Buddhism) dharmachakra, the wheel of dharma

en-ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་དོན་གཅིག-bo-noun-8Gflcch1


དབང་ལྡན

From དབང (dbang, “power, force, might”) + ལྡན (ldan, “to possess”).


བསམ་པའི་སྟོབས

(Buddhism) the power of reflection, one of the ten powers of Bodhisattvas


སྙོམས་འཇུག

(Buddhism) meditative absorption, equilibrium, concentration, equanimity


རྫོགས་ཆེན

/t͡soŋ˩˨.t͡ɕʰẽ˥˥/


ལྷག་མཐོང

/ɬa(k̚)ˀ˥˥.tʰoŋ˥˥/

(Buddhism) vipassana, clear seeing, insight, special insight


ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ

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ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ • (yid bzhin nor bu)

Calque of Sanskrit चिन्तामणि (cintāmaṇi), from चिन्ता (cintā) + मणि (maṇi).

cal

(Tibetan Buddhism) the wish-fulfilling gem


སེམས་སྡེ

head

སེམས་སྡེ • (sems sde)

mind section, Semde, one of the three scriptural and lineage divisions within Dzogchen


དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ

དགྲ (dgra, “foe”) + བཅོམ (bcom, “destroy, overcome”) + པ (pa, nominalizer), in reference to overcoming the foes that are the afflictive emotions, ཉོན་མོངས (nyon mongs).


འདུན་པ

chanda, intention, interest, desire to act


ཉོན་མོངས

kileśa, defilement, mental affliction, negative emotions, worldly desires


མོས་པ

Translation of Sanskrit अधिमोक्ष (adhimokṣa). .

interest, intensified interest, decision, adhimokṣa


ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ

Passaddhi, calmness, tranquility, serenity


ཁྲེལ་ཡོད་པ

Translation of Sanskrit अपत्राप्य (apatrāpya). .

decorum, shame, consideration, propriety


དངོས་གྲུབ

From དངོས (dngos, “true, real”) + གྲུབ (grub, “accomplishment”).


ཚོགས་སྡེ

ཚོགས (tshogs, “accumulation”) + སྡེ (sde, “section, division, department, subgroup”)


ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས

/t͡sʰyː˥˥.ʈ͡ʂʰim˥˥/

(Buddhism) code of conduct, precept, monastic discipline


ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ

/t͡ɕʰa˥˨.na˥˥.to˩˨.t͡ɕe˥˥/

Vajrapāṇi (one of the bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism)

bo:ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ།


དམྱལ༌བ༌

དམྱལ ་བ་ (canonical)
dmyal ba (romanization)

(Buddhism) hell realm, the lowest level of cyclical existence occupied by sentient beings


འགྱོད་པ

/cøː˩˧˨.paˑ/

ཁོང་འཁྲུལ་དེ་ཚོར་འགྱོད་པ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པ་རེད

khong 'khrul de tshor 'gyod pa byed kyi yod pa red

regret, remorse, contrition, (Buddhism) kaukritya


ལྟུང་བ

(religion) sin, infraction, fault, downfall


ཁ་བྱང

/kʰa˥˥.t͡ɕaŋˑ/

(Buddhism) prophetic guide, entrance authorization to a terma


འགོང་པོ

(Buddhism) a class of demon or evil spirit, believed to be involved in illness


རིང་བསྲེལ

/ʐiŋ˩˧˨.seː˥˥/


ཐེའུ་རང

(religion) a type of low-ranking sky-going preta demon that attacks and possesses children


ཐེའུ

More common form of Tibetan ཐེ (the). Likely from ཐེ (the) + ེའུ (e'au, diminutive suffix).

ཐེའུ་རང ཐེའུ་རང#Tibetan

(religion) Alternative form of ཐེའུ་རང (the'u rang, “type of demon”)


གཤིན་རྒྱལ

From གཤིན (gshin, “death, the dead”) + རྒྱལ་པོ (rgyal po, “king, lord”).


ལམ་ལྔ

(Buddhism) The five paths or stages on the way to enlightenment: the path of accumulation, joining, seeing, cultivation, and consummation or no more learning


བསྐལ་བཟང

From བསྐལ (bskal, “kalpa”) + བཟང (bzang, “good”).


ཤཱཀྱ

Indian subcontinent
Indian subcontinent#English

(historical, Buddhism) Shakya (a clan originating from the Indian subcontinent)


རྟ་མགྲིན

From རྟ (rta, “horse”) + མགྲིན (mgrin, “neck”). Calque of Sanskrit हयग्रीव (hayagrīva), made from हय (haya, “horse”) + ग्रीवा (grīvā, “neck”).


དབང་པོ

From དབང (dbang, “power, force, might”) + པོ (po, “man”).


ཆོས་སྐྱོང

From ཆོས (chos, “dharma”) + སྐྱོང (skyong, “protector; guardian”). Calque of Sanskrit धर्मपाल (dharmapāla), made from धर्म (dharma, “dharma”) + पाला (pālā, “guard, protector, keeper”).


ཐུབ་བསྟན

From ཐུབ (thub, “the Buddha”) + བསྟན (bstan, “teaching”).