เล่ม

th-cls

เล่ม • (lêm)

Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩮ᩶ᨾ, Lao ເຫຼັ້ມ (lem), Lü ᦜᦲᧄᧉ (l̇iim²), Shan လိမ်ႈ (līm), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜉𑜫 (lim, “arrow”). Possibly doublet of ลิ่ม (lîm).

cog

Lü ᦜᦲᧄᧉ (l̇iim²)

Classifier for books, candles, carts and sharp-edged objects, such as knives, axes, swords, pins, needles, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ชิ้น

th-cls

ชิ้น • (chín)

Cognate with Lao ຊີ້ນ (sīn), Lü ᦋᦲᧃᧉ (tsiin²).

Classifier for pieces, slices (cakes, cloth). ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ฟอง

ฟอง • (fɔɔng)

Compare Lao ຟອງ (fǭng), Khmer ពង (pɔɔng, “egg; to lay egg”), Northern Khmer ปวง, Nyah Kur พอง่.


ฉบับ

ฉบับ • (chà-bàp)

/t͡ɕʰa˨˩.bap̚˨˩/

From Middle Khmer ច្បាប្ប (cpāppa, “prescribed conduct; precept; usage; custom; code of conduct; rule; regulation; law”); compare Modern Khmer ច្បាប់ (cbap), Lao ສະບັບ (sa bap).

der

Classifier for letters, newspapers: copy; issue ⇒ all nouns using this classifier.


คู่

From Proto-Tai *ɡuːᴮ (“pair”). Cognate with Lao ຄູ່ (khū), Lü ᦅᦴᧈ (kuu¹), Shan ၵူႈ (kūu). Compare Old Chinese 偶 (OC *ŋoːʔ, *ŋoːs, “pair”), Middle Chinese 偶 (MC nguwX|nguwH, “pair”).

Classifier for pairs of items (people, things). ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ม้วน

th-cls

ม้วน • (múuan)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːnꟲ. Cognate with Lao ມ້ວນ (mūan), Tày muộn. Doublet of มวน (muuan).

Classifier for rolled objects, such as toilet paper, film, etc.


จาน

Compare Chinese 盞／盏 (zhǎn). Cognate with Lao ຈານ (chān), Khmer ចាន (caan).


องค์

องค์ • (ong)

From Pali aṅga (“constituent; factor; member; part”) or Sanskrit अङ्ग (aṅga, “body; component; constituent; limb; etc”); perhaps via Old Khmer ʼaṅga, ʼaṅa, ʼã (“member, part; article, item, thing; body, person”). Cognate with Lao ອົງ (ʼong). Compare Modern Khmer អង្គ (ʼɑng).

der

Classifier for gods, high priests, and royal persons, as well as things and beings relating to them. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Classifier for religious or sacred objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

(colloquial) Classifier for priests. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ใบ

From Proto-Tai *ɓaɰᴬ (“leaf”).
Cognate with Lao ໃບ (bai), Northern Thai ᨷᩱ, Khün ᨷᩱ, Lü ᦺᦢ (ḃay), Tai Dam ꪻꪚ, Tai Dón ꪻꪚ, Shan မႂ် (mǎue) or ဝႂ် (wǎue), Ahom 𑜈𑜧 (baw), 𑜈𑜧𑜨 (bawo), 𑜉𑜧 (maw), or 𑜉𑜧𑜨 (mawo), Zhuang mbaw, Saek เบ๋อ, Tày bâư. Compare Proto-Be *ɓəːᴬ², Proto-Hlai *ɓɯː.

Classifier for something hollow or flat, such as plates, glasses, book pages, fried eggs, and, traditionally, the Earth. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


เม็ด

th-cls

เม็ด • (mét)

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Lao ເມັດ (met), Lü ᦵᦙᧆ (med), Tai Dam ꪣꪲꪒ, Shan မဵတ်ႉ (mâ̰et). Doublet of เมล็ด (má-lét) and เล็ด (lét).

doublet

Classifier for small round objects such as pills, seeds, small gems. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


คน

From Proto-Tai *ɢwɯnᴬ (“human being; person”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄົນ (khon), Lü ᦅᦳᧃ (kun), Shan ၵူၼ်း (kúun), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön), Tai Dam ꪶꪁꪙ, Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun), Bouyei wenz, Zhuang vunz, Zuojiang Zhuang koenz.

inh

Classifier for most human beings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ตัว

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ (to1), Tai Dón ꪔꪺ (to1), Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Tai Nüa ᥖᥨᥝ (tow), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Zhuang duz, Saek ทั๊ว and Khmer តួ (tuə). Compare also Japanese 頭 (tō, “counter for certain animals”).

cog

2019 November 20, KhaiRu-Din RoHeng, “ราชกิจจานุเบกษาเผยแพร่ข้อกำหนดศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ...ห้ามวิจารณ์ศาลโดยไม่สุจริต [Government Gazette publishes Constitutional Court regulations...banning dishonest criticism of the Court]”, in ThaiPBS, ThaiPBS, retrieved 2019-11-21:
คนแก่ ๙ ตัวที่นั่งบนเก้าอี้กินเงินเดือนภาษีจากประชาชน ทำไมประชาชนไม่มีสิทธิวิจารณ์
kon-gɛ̀ɛ · gâao · dtuua tîi nâng bon gâo-îi gin ngən-dʉʉan paa-sǐi jàak bprà-chaa-chon · tam-mai bprà-chaa-chon mâi mii sìt-tí wí-jaan
[Just] nine old farts sitting on the bench [and] living off the people's taxes [as their] salaries – why do the people have no right to criticise [them]?

(derogatory and offensive if applied to humans) Classifier for animals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Classifier for digits, letters, and certain objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

ตัว ตัว#Thai

Classifier for certain nouns prefixed with ตัว. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ลูก

th-cls

ลูก • (lûuk)

From Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child (offspring)”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥧᥐ (luk), Khamti လုက်ႉ, Phake လုက် (luk), Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜀𑜫 (luk), Bouyei leg, Zhuang lwg. Within Kra-Dai, compare Sui laag (“son”), Proto-Hlai *hlɯːk (“child; offspring”) (whence ɗɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːʔ⁷~ɬɯːk⁷~ɬɯaʔ⁷ across the different lects) and Proto-Be *ləːkᴰ² (“child; offspring”) (whence lɛk⁸~lək⁸ across the different lects). Outside of Kra-Dai, compare Proto-Austronesian *aNak (whence Siraya alak and Lubuagan Kalinga alak).

Classifier for balls, round objects, and fruits. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


รูป

รูป • (rûup)

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “form; appearance”). Cognate with Khmer រូប (ruup), Lao ຮູບ (hūp), Burmese ရူပ (rupa.).


หลัง

หลัง • (lǎng)

From Proto-Tai *ʰlaŋᴬ (“back”). Cognate with Lao ຫຼັງ (lang), Northern Thai ᩉᩖᩢᨦ, Lü ᦜᧂ (l̇ang), Tai Dam ꪨꪰꪉ, Shan လင် (lǎng), Aiton လင် (laṅ), Ahom 𑜎𑜂𑜫 (laṅ), Bouyei langl, Zhuang laeng.

Classifier for houses, tents, mosquito nets, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


น้ำ

น้ำ • (náam)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”). Compare Proto-Be *namᴮꟲ², Proto-Hlai *C-nəmʔ.
cognates
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣᩴ (nam), Southern Thai หน่าม, Lao ນ້ຳ (nam), Lü ᦓᧄᧉ (nam²), Tai Dam ꪙꪾ꫁ (nam6), Shan ၼမ်ႉ (nâ̰m), Tai Nüa ᥘᥛᥳ (lam5), Khamti ꩫမ်ႇ, Aiton ꩫံ (naṃ), Phake ꩫံ (naṃ), Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ), Nùng nãhm, Bouyei ramx, Zhuang raemx, Nong Zhuang naemx, Zuojiang Zhuang naemx, Saek นัม, Tày nặm.

แตกสามน้ำ

(slang) Classifier for discharges of semen upon orgasm.

ต้มสามน้ำ

(somewhat colloquial) Classifier for rounds, times, or occasions, especially in matters or activities concerning water, liquid, or fluid.


ดอก

ดอก • (dɔ̀ɔk)

From Proto-Tai *ɓloːkᴰ (“flower”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨯᩬᨠ, Lao ດອກ (dǭk), Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹), Tai Dam ꪚꪮꪀ, ꪒꪮꪀ, Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Tai Nüa ᥛᥩᥐᥱ (mǒak), Phake မွက် (mok), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), 𑜈𑜨𑜀𑜫 (bok), Nong Zhuang ndog, Tày bjoóc. Doublet of กระบอก (grà-bɔ̀ɔk) and ตระบอก, both “flower”.

cog

Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹)

doublet

Classifier for flowers. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Classifier for darts, arrows, or the like. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

(slang, humorous) Classifier for rounds, courses, or spells, as rounds of sexual intercourse, rounds of entertaining performance, rounds of joke-telling, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


เชือก

th-cls

เชือก • (chʉ̂ʉak)

/t͡ɕʰɯa̯k̚˥˩/

From Proto-Tai *ɟɤːkᴰ (“rope; cord”). Cognate with Lao ເຊືອກ (sư̄ak), Lü ᦵᦋᦲᧅ (tsoek), Tai Dam ꪹꪋꪀ, Shan ၸိူၵ်ႈ (tsōek), Tai Nüa ᥓᥫᥐ (tsoek), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (chük), Zhuang cag or cieg, Nong Zhuang zowg. Compare Mon ဇုက် and Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (whence Vietnamese chạc).


ชีวิต

/t͡ɕʰiː˧.wit̚˦˥/

Learned borrowing from Pali jīvita (“life”) or Sanskrit जीवित (jīvita, idem). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨩᩦᩅᩥ᩠ᨲ, Lao ຊີວິດ (sī wit), Lü ᦋᦲᦞᦲᧆ (tsiiviid), Khmer ជីវិត (ciivɨt).

lbor

2019 April 22, The Bangkok Insight Editorial Team, “ผีน้อยทำพิษ คนไทยกว่า ๓๐๐ ชีวิตถูกกักห้ามเข้าเกาหลีใต้”, in The Bangkok Insight, Bangkok: The Bangkok Insight, retrieved 2019-05-20:
ผีน้อยทำพิษ คนไทยกว่า ๓๐๐ ชีวิตถูกกักห้ามเข้าเกาหลีใต้
pǐi-nɔ́ɔi tam-pít · kon tai gwàa · sǎam-rɔ́ɔi · chii-wít tùuk gàk hâam kâo gao-lǐi-dtâai
Little ghosts cause problems: Over 300 Thais detained and prevented from entering South Korea


พัก

From Proto-Tai *bakᴰ (“to rest”). Cognate with Lao ພັກ (phak), Lü ᦗᧅ (pak) or ᦘᧅ (phak), Zhuang baeg (“to be tired; to gasp”). Compare Khmer ភ័ក (phĕək) and Old Chinese 泊 (OC *baːɡ).

Classifier for an interval or period of time.


จบ

Compare Lao ຈົບ (chop); Khmer ចប់ (cɑp).

used to count something ends/finishes each time


แปลง

th-cls

แปลง • (bplɛɛng)


นัด

Cognate with Lao ນັດ (nat), Northern Thai ᨶᩢ᩠ᨯ, Khün ᨶᩢ᩠ᨯ, Tai Dam ꪙꪰꪒ (ꞌnặt).

Classifier for appointments, appointed activities, or the like.

Classifier for projectiles (of guns, cannons, etc).


จับ

From Proto-Tai *capᴰ (“to grasp; to perch”). Compare Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer cap (“to catch; to hold; to take up, to undertake; etc”), Modern Khmer ចាប់ (cap). Cognate with Lao ຈັບ (chap), Shan ၸပ်း (tsáp).

cog

Classifier for things set apart by grasping, as noodles, etc..


ปาก

Template:Wiktionary:Picture_dictionary/th:head
From Proto-Tai *paːkᴰ (“mouth”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨸᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Lü ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak), Tai Dam ꪜꪱꪀ, Ahom 𑜆𑜀𑜫 (pak), Saek ป̄าก, Nong Zhuang baeg, Tai Nüa ᥙᥣᥐᥱ (pǎak), Zhuang bak. Compare Southern Kam bags (“mouth”), Proto-Be *ɓaːkᴰ¹ (“mouth”) (whence ɓak⁷ in modern lects). Compare also Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqbaq (whence Cebuano baba, Eastern Cham ꨚꨝꩍ (pabah), Hawaiian waha).


ช้าง

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ² (“elephant”), from Proto-Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”), from Middle Chinese 象 (MC zjangX, “elephant”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Isan ซ่าง, Lao ຊ້າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²), Tai Dam ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ, Shan ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥒᥳ (tsȧang), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Zhuang ciengh, Saek ซาง.

inh

Classifier for elephants registered by the government.


ท่าน

th-cls

ท่าน • (tâan)

(humble) Classifier for human beings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


นาย

From Mon နဲာ (“master; person in charge”) or Old Khmer nāy (“leader”). Cognate with Lao ນາຍ (nāi), Lü ᦓᦻ (naay), Modern Khmer នាយ (niəy).


เหลี่ยม

เหลี่ยม • (lìiam)

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰliəmᴮ¹ (“angle; side”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉᩖ᩠ᨿ᩵ᨾ or ᩉ᩠ᩃ᩠ᨿ᩵ᨾ, Isan เหลี่ยม, Lao ຫຼ່ຽມ (līam).

cog

Isan เหลี่ยม


ผล

From Pali phala (“fruit”) or Sanskrit फल (phala, “fruit”). Cognate with Lao ຜົນ (phon), ຜົລ (phon), Northern Thai ᨹᩫ᩠ᩃ.


นาง

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *naːŋᴬ⁴ (“lady”), from Proto-Tai *naːŋᴬ (“lady”), from Old Chinese 娘 (OC *naŋ, “young woman”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ນາງ (nāng), Lü ᦓᦱᧂ (naang), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪉ, Shan ၼၢင်း (náang), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥒᥰ (läang) or ᥢᥣᥒᥰ (näang), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ), Tày nàng. Cognate via Old Chinese: Old Khmer នាង (nāṅa, nāṅ°), nâ, nõ (“courtesy title for females”), Khmer នាង (niəng), Vietnamese nàng, Burmese နန်း (nan:).

(somewhat archaic, now sometimes derogatory and offensive) Classifier for women.

(slang, humorous) Classifier for anyone or anything.


ศรี

From Middle Khmer ស្រី (srī), ស្រីយ (srīya), ស្រិយ (sriya), ឝ្រី (śrī), ឝ្រិ (śri), ឝ្រីយ (śrīya, “woman”), from Sanskrit स्त्री (strī). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្រី (srəy).


ไม้

th-cls

ไม้ • (máai)

From Proto-Tai *mwajꟲ (“tree; wood”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩱ᩶, Lao ໄມ້ (mai), Lü ᦺᦙᧉ (may²), Tai Dam ꪼꪣ꫁, Tai Dón ꪼꪝꫂ, Shan မႆႉ (mâ̰i), Tai Nüa ᥛᥭᥳ (mȧy), Aiton မႝ (may), Ahom 𑜉𑜩 (may), Zhuang faex, Nong Zhuang maex, Saek ไม.

หมูปิ้งสองไม้

โบยร้อยไม้

Classifier for anything involving a stick, rod, or the like.


กรรม

กรรม • (gam)

From Pali kamma (“action; activity”), probably via Old Khmer -កម្ម (-kamma, “action, deed”), probably with some input from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “action; activity”); probably via Old Khmer -កម៌្ម (-karmma, “action, deed”). The regular derivative of the Sanskrit word is synonymous กรรม์ (gan).

bor

มาตรา ๙๐ เมื่อการกระทำใดอันเป็นกรรมเดียวเป็นความผิดต่อกฎหมายหลายบท ให้ใช้กฎหมายบทที่มีโทษหนักที่สุดลงโทษแก่ผู้กระทำความผิด
mâat-dtraa gâao-sìp mʉ̂ʉa gaan-grà-tam dai an bpen gam diao bpen kwaam-pìt dtɔ̀ɔ gòt-mǎai lǎai bòt hâi chái gòt-mǎai bòt tîi mii tôot nàk tîi sùt long tôot gɛ̀ɛ pûu-grà-tam kwaam-pìt
Section 90 When one act violates several laws, the law containing the most serious penalty shall apply to the criminal.
มาตรา ๙๑ เมื่อปรากฏว่าผู้ใดได้กระทำการอันเป็นความผิดหลายกรรมต่างกัน ให้ศาลลงโทษผู้นั้นทุกกรรมเป็นกระทงความผิดไป

1956, ประมวลกฎหมายอาญา

Section 91 When it appears that any person has committed several and separate crimes, for all of which shall he be punished by the court.

mâat-dtraa gâao-sìp èt mʉ̂ʉa bpraa-gòt wâa pûu-dai dâai grà-tam gaan an bpen kwaam-pìt lǎai gam dtàang gan hâi sǎan long tôot pûu nán túk gam bpen grà-tong kwaam-pìt bpai

(law) Classifier for criminal acts and criminal offences.


กระบอก

th-cls

กระบอก • (grà-bɔ̀ɔk)

Classifier for guns. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


กระป๋อง

กระป๋อง • (grà-bpɔ̌ng)

/kra˨˩.pɔŋ˩˩˦/

Possibly onomatopoeic as the sound of empty cans hit. Compare Khmer កំប៉ង់ (kɑmpong), កំប៉ុង (kɑmpong); Lao ກະປ່ອງ (ka pǭng).

Classifier for tin cans, cans of soda or beverages.


เจ้า

เจ้า • (jâao)

Derived from Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX, “master; owner”). Cognate with Lao ເຈົ້າ (chao); Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²); Tai Dam ꪹꪊ꫁ꪱ; Shan ၸဝ်ႈ (tsāo); Ahom 𑜋𑜈𑜫 (chaw), 𑜋𑜨𑜧 (chow). Compare Old Khmer cau, cauva, co, cova, cco, ccova, ccau, cū (“chief; head”); Modern Khmer ចៅ (caw).

cog

Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²)

(informal) Classifier for business owners, service providers, and service recipients.


ร้าน

th-cls

ร้าน • (ráan)

Compare Khmer រាន (riən, “stand; stage; (Surin) shop; store”), Lao ຮ້ານ (hān, “shop; store; platform; scaffold; shelf”).

cog

Classifier for places for selling goods, as shop, store, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


สาย

th-cls

สาย • (sǎai)

From Proto-Tai *saːjᴬ (“cord; string”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ສາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦉᦻ (ṡaay), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪥ, Tai Dón ꪎꪱꪥ, Tai Daeng ꪎꪱꪥ, Shan သၢႆ (sǎai), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥭᥴ (sáay), Aiton ꩬႝ (say), Phake ꩬႝ (say), Ahom 𑜏𑜩 (say), Zhuang sai, Zuojiang Zhuang sai.

Classifier for roads, strings, wires, rivers, and other stringy things.


ก้อน

ก้อน • (gɔ̂ɔn)

Cognate with Lao ກ້ອນ (kǭn), Northern Thai ᨠᩬ᩶ᩁ, Khün ᨠᩬ᩶ᩁ, Lü ᦂᦸᧃᧉ (k̇oan²), Tai Dam ꪀ꫁ꪮꪙ, Shan ၵွၼ်ႈ (kāun), Ahom 𑜀𑜨𑜃𑜫 (kon), Zuojiang Zhuang konj, Zhuang gonj.

cog

Lü ᦂᦸᧃᧉ (k̇oan²)

Classifier for lumps, clouds, butter, charcoal, packages of cheese, deodorant.


ครั้ง

th-cls

ครั้ง • (kráng)

Classifier for the amount of time taken for an action, phenomenon, etc.


พับ

From Proto-Tai *bapᴰ (“to fold”). Cognate with Isan พับ, Lao ພັບ (phap), Northern Thai ᨻᩢ᩠ᨷ, Khün ᨻᩢ᩠ᨷ, Lü ᦗᦸᧇ (poab), Tai Dam ꪝꪚꪾ (“book”), Tai Dón ꪝꪚꪾ, Shan ပပ်ႉ (pâ̰p).


คณะ

From Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “band; class; group; herd; etc”). Cognate with Old Khmer gaṇa, gana, gaṇā, ganā; Angkorian Old Khmer gaṇa, gana, gan, gann; Modern Khmer គណៈ (kĕəʼnaʼ), គណ (kŭən), គ្នា (kniə).

der

Classifier for groups, organizations, teams, parties, etc


กอง

th-cls

กอง • (gɔɔng)

Classifier for a troop, force, band, company, or brigade, or for piles or heaps. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ที่

From Proto-Tai *diːᴮ, possibly from Middle Chinese 地 (MC dijH). Cognate with Lao ທີ່ (thī), Northern Thai ᨴᩦ᩵, Lü ᦑᦲᧈ (tii¹), Shan တီႈ (tīi), Ahom 𑜄𑜣 (tī), Zhuang dih. Outside Tai-Kadai: compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *tiʔ ~ tiiʔ ~ tiəʔ (“that yonder”), Mon တေံ (teʔ, “that”), Khmer ទី (tii), Vietnamese thì (“then, which, to be”). Compare Malay di.

cog

Classifier for places, locations, servings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


เพลง

From Middle Khmer ភ្លេង (bhleṅa, “playing music; music; music ensemble”), from prefix ព- (b-) + លេង (leṅa, “to play”), the latter likely related to Thai เล่น (lên, “to play”). Compare Modern Khmer ភ្លេង (phleing), Lao ເພງ (phēng), Northern Thai ᨻᩖᩮᨦ.


ลำ

Cognate with Lü ᦟᧄ (lam), Shan လမ်း (lám).

Classifier for long and cylindrical objects (plant stems, beams of light) or boats, ships, airplanes, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ต้น

th-cls

ต้น • (dtôn)

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠᩶ᨶ, Khün ᨲᩫ᩠᩶ᨶ, Lao ຕົ້ນ (ton), Lü ᦎᦳᧃᧉ (ṫun²), Shan တူၼ်ႈ (tūun), Tai Nüa ᥖᥨᥢᥲ (tòn), Phake တုꩫ် (tun), Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜃𑜫 (tun).

cog

Lü ᦎᦳᧃᧉ (ṫun²)

Classifier for plants, posts and pillars. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


แผ่น

th-cls

แผ่น • (pɛ̀n)

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *pʰɛːnᴮ¹ (“classifier of boards, flat objects, etc.”), from Middle Chinese 片 (MC phenH). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨹᩯ᩠᩵ᨶ, Lao ແຜ່ນ (phǣn), Tai Dam ꪵꪠ꪿ꪙ, Shan ၽႅၼ်ႇ (phèn), Tai Nüa ᥚᥦᥢᥱ (phǎen), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜐𑜫 (phiñ).

inh

Classifier for paper, CDs, vinyl, and some thin or flat objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


พระองค์

th-cls

พระองค์ • (prá-ong)

From พระ (prá, “prefix for gods, royal persons, and things relating to them”, literally “divine; excellent; precious; etc”) + องค์ (ong, “being; body; form; etc”); probably derived from Old Khmer braḥ ʼaṅga. Compare Modern Khmer ព្រះអង្គ (prĕəh ʼɑng); Lao ພຣະອົງ (pha ra ʼong).

cog

Khmer ព្រះអង្គ (prĕəh ʼɑng)

Classifier for gods, religious personages, high priests, royal persons. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


เรือน

th-cls

เรือน • (rʉʉan)

Classifier for clocks, watches, or the like.


ราก

ราก • (râak)

From Proto-Tai *C̬.raːkᴰ (“root”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩁᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຮາກ (hāk), Lü ᦣᦱᧅ (haak), Tai Dam ꪭꪱꪀ, Shan ႁၢၵ်ႈ (hāak), Ahom 𑜍𑜀𑜫 (rak), Zhuang rag, Nong Zhuang laeg, Zuojiang Zhuang lag, Saek ร̄าก.


เส้น

เส้น • (sên)

From Proto-Tai *selꟲ (classifier for long, thin objects). Compare Middle Chinese 線 (MC sjenH, “thread”). Cognate with Lao ເສັ້ນ (sen), Shan သဵၼ်ႈ (sāen), Saek แซ̂น.

inh

Classifier for long, thin things, such as hair, rope, string, thread, noodle, road, etc.


คัน

From Proto-Tai *galᴬ (“handle; rod”). Cognate with Lao ຄັນ (khan), Tai Nüa ᥐᥢᥰ (kän), Zuojiang Zhuang kaenz.

Classifier for long articles, such as umbrella, vehicle, spoon, fork, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Classifier for vehicles other than carts. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


โรง

Perhaps derived from Malay ruang. Cognate with Northern Thai ᩁᩰᩫ᩠ᨦ, Lao ໂຮງ (hōng), Lü ᦷᦣᧂ (hong), Shan ႁူင်း (húung). Compare Khmer រោង (roong), Mon ရိုၚ်, Burmese ရုံ (rum).

Classifier for the above-mentioned nouns.


ประตู

Possibly from the elision of ปาก (bpàak) + ตู (dtuu), the latter is from Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ (“door”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩪ (old) or ᨸᨲᩪ (modern), Southern Thai ตู, Lao ປະຕູ (pa tū), Shan တူ (tǔu), Bouyei dul, Zhuang dou or du.

(sports) Classifier for the number of goals scored.


ทะลาย

มะพร้าวหนึ่งทะลาย

Classifier for coconuts, areca nuts or the like which are in a cluster or bunch. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


พวก

From Angkorian Old Khmer vvak, vvāk, vok, bok (“to come together; to assemble; to congregate; group; company; gathering; assemblage”), which is from Pre-Angkorian Old Khmer vok (“ibid.”); compare Modern Khmer ពួក (puək). Cognate with Lao ພວກ (phūak). Compare จำพวก (jam-pûuak).


เทียบ

th-cls

เทียบ • (tîiap)

Classifier for a set of traditional Chinese drugs.


อย่าง

อย่าง • (yàang)

From Old Chinese 樣 (OC *laŋs). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩀ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຢ່າງ (yāng), Lü ᦊᦱᧂᧈ (ẏaang¹). Doublet of เยี่ยง (yîiang, “like, as if; example, model”).

cog

Lü ᦊᦱᧂᧈ (ẏaang¹)

doublet

Classifier for kinds, varieties, patterns, types, sorts.


เถา

Cognate with Lao ເຖົາ (thao), Ahom 𑜌𑜧 (thaw).

ปิ่นโต ปิ่นโต#Thai

Classifier for vines, creeping plants, and ปิ่นโต (bpìn-dtoo, “food-carriers, stacking cylindrical food receptacles”).


เครื่อง

th-cls

เครื่อง • (krʉ̂ʉang)

Cognate with Isan เครื่อง, Lao ເຄື່ອງ (khư̄ang), Northern Thai ᨣᩕᩮᩬᩥ᩵ᨦ (xɯaŋ⁵), Khün ᨤᩮᩨ᩠᩵ᨦ (khɤɤŋ⁵), Lü ᦵᦆᦲᧂᧈ (xoeng¹), Tai Dam ꪹꪋ꪿ꪉ (ꞌchương), Tai Dón ꪋꪷꪉꫀ, Shan ၶိူင်ႈ (khōeng), Tai Nüa ᥑᥫᥒ (xoeng), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (khüṅ).

cog

Isan เครื่อง

Khün ᨤᩮᩨ᩠᩵ᨦ (khɤɤŋ⁵)

Tai Dón ꪋꪷꪉꫀ

Classifier for machines, engines, or the like. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ป้อม

th-cls

ป้อม • (bpɔ̂m)


ห่อ

ห่อ • (hɔ̀ɔ)

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰrɔːᴮ¹ (“to wrap up; to bundle”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉᩬᩴ᩵ or ᩉᩕᩬᩴ᩵, Lao ຫໍ່ (hǭ), Lü ᦠᦸᧈ (ḣoa¹), Tai Dam ꪬꪷ꪿, Tai Dón ꪬꪮꫀ, Shan ႁေႃႇ (hàu), Tai Nüa ᥞᥨᥝᥱ (hǒw), Phake ꩭေႃ (hō), Ahom 𑜍𑜦𑜡 (rō), Zuojiang Zhuang hoq.

cog

Lü ᦠᦸᧈ (ḣoa¹)

Classifier for packs, packets, parcels and packages.


ดวง

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨯ᩠ᩅᨦ, Lao ດວງ (dūang), Tai Dam ꪒꪺꪉ, Tai Dón ꪒꪺꪉ, Khmer ដួង (duəng).

แสตมป์สี่ดวง

Classifier for automobile lights, light bulbs, spherical objects, stamp, the Sun, the Moon, stars, the mind, stain, speck, etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


แห่ง

th-cls

แห่ง • (hɛ̀ng)

Cognate with Lao ແຫ່ງ (hǣng), Shan ႁဵင်း (háeng).

Classifier for places or locations. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ทาง

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”), from Late Han Chinese or Early Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dang, “road inside temple”). Doublet of ถัง (tǎng, “Tang Dynasty”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, Isan ทาง, Lao ທາງ (thāng), Lü ᦑᦱᧂ (taang), Tai Dam ꪕꪱꪉ, Shan တၢင်း (táang), Tai Nüa ᥖᥣᥒᥰ (täang), Phake တင် (taṅ), Ahom 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ), Zuojiang Zhuang tangz (Longzhou).

inh

Classifier for routes, ways. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Classifier for directions, sides. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ถาด

th-cls

ถาด • (tàat)

From Old Khmer ថាស (thāsa), ថាស៑ (thās), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *thaas (“salver; tray”). Cognate with Khmer ថាស (thaah), Northern Thai ᨳᩣ᩠ᨯ, Khün ᨳᩣ᩠ᨯ, Lao ຖາດ (thāt), Mon ထး, Nyah Kur ทาด.

Classifier for items served in a platter or a tray: dish.


กล้อง

กล้อง • (glɔ̂ng)

Cognate with Lao ກ້ອງ (kǭng), Shan ၵွင်ႈ (kāung).


ข้าง

ข้าง • (kâang)

From Proto-Tai *k.raːŋꟲ (“side; ribs”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨡ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ (as in ᨡᩦ᩶ᨡ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, ᩈ᩠ᩅ᩶ᨦᨡ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ), Lao ຂ້າງ (khāng), Shan ၶၢင်ႈ (khāang) and ၶၢင်း (kháang), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥒᥲ (xàang), Phake ၵင် (khaṅ), Ahom 𑜁𑜂𑜫 (khaṅ) or 𑜁𑜞𑜂𑜫 (khraṅ), Zhuang hangj (as in ndokhangj), Zuojiang Zhuang hangj. Compare Proto-Austronesian *baʀaŋ, *tageʀaŋ (“rib”).

Classifier for parts of the human body, shoe, side. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ตั้ง

ตั้ง • (dtâng)

From Proto-Tai *taŋꟲ (“to erect”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩢ᩠᩶ᨦ, Lao ຕັ້ງ (tang), Lü ᦎᧂᧉ (ṫang²), Shan တင်ႈ (tāng), Ahom 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ), Zhuang daengj.

cog

Lü ᦎᧂᧉ (ṫang²)

Classifier for things piled up or placed over, above, or on one another.


เรื่อง

th-cls

เรื่อง • (rʉ̂ʉang)

Cognate with Lao ເຮື່ອງ (hư̄ang) or ເລື່ອງ (lư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦟᦲᧂᧈ (loeng¹).


สระ

From Pali sara (“pond”). Compare Sanskrit सरस् (saras, “pond”).


ข้อ

ข้อ • (kɔ̂ɔ)

From Proto-Tai *χoːꟲ (“joint”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨡᩬᩴ᩶ or ᨢᩬᩴ᩶, Lao ຂໍ້ (khǭ).

Classifier for joints, nodes, items, clauses, points (e.g. in a contract or formal statement).


อัน

From Proto-Tai *ʔalᴬ (classifier for things). Cognate with Lao ອັນ (ʼan), Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan), Shan ဢၼ် (ʼǎn), Ahom 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan), Zhuang aen, Tày ăn.

cog

Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan)

แปรงสีฟันหนึ่งอัน

Classifier for small objects; the general classifier for small inanimate things. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


แว่น

th-cls

แว่น • (wɛ̂n)

Classifier for circular pieces (of something sliced).


ซี่

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *siːꟲ¹ (“rib; tooth (of a comb, rake, etc)”). Cognate with Khün ᩈᩦ᩶, Tai Dam ꪏꪲ꪿, Lü ᦉᦲᧉ (ṡii²), Shan သီႈ (sīi), Tai Nüa ᥔᥤᥲ (sì), Phake ꩬီ (sī), Ahom 𑜏𑜣 (sī).

cog

Lü ᦉᦲᧉ (ṡii²)


แบบ

th-cls

แบบ • (bɛ̀ɛp)

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Cognate with Vietnamese phép, Lao ແບບ (bǣp), Northern Thai ᨷᩯ᩠ᨷ, Khmer បែប (baep).

Classifier for styles, patterns, models, forms. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


สถาน

สถาน • (sà-tǎan)

From Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna, “abode; domain; position”); probably via Old Khmer sṭhāna, sṭhāṇa, sṭhāṇna, sthāna (“location; place; position”). Compare Modern Khmer ស្ថាន (sthaan), Northern Thai ᩈ᩠ᨳᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ສະຖານ (sa thān) and Thai สถานี (sà-tǎa-nii).

der

โทษตามประมวลกฎหมายนี้มีห้าสถาน คือ ประหารชีวิต จำคุก กักขัง ปรับ และริบทรัพย์

There are five penalties under this Code, namely, death, imprisonment, detention, fine, and forfeit.

tôot dtaam bprà-muuan-gòt-mǎai níi mii hâa sà-tǎan kʉʉ bprà-hǎan-chii-wít jam-kúk gàk-kǎng bpràp lɛ́ ríp-sáp

กระทำความผิดหลายสถาน

ลงโทษสถานหนัก

(law) Classifier for crimes, punishments, or the like.


เหรียญ

th-cls

เหรียญ • (rǐian)

Semi-learned borrowing from Portuguese real (“former currency of Portugal”) with adaptation to be similar with Pali hirañña. Cognate with Khmer រៀល (riəl). Doublet of เรียล (riial).

slbor

Classifier for coins, dollars, medals, etc.


หม้อ

th-cls

หม้อ • (mɔ̂ɔ)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmoːꟲ (“pot”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩬᩴ᩶, Lao ໝໍ້ (mǭ), Lü ᦖᦸᧉ (ṁoa²), Tai Dam ꪢꪷ꫁, Shan မေႃႈ (māu), Tai Nüa ᥛᥨᥝᥲ (mòw), Phake မေႃ (mō), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜡 (mō), Zhuang moj, Saek ม̂อ.

cog

Lü ᦖᦸᧉ (ṁoa²)

Classifier for electrical transformers and storage batteries.


มื้อ

th-cls

มื้อ • (mʉ́ʉ)

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːꟲ (“day”). Cognate with Isan มื้อ, Lao ມື້ (mư̄), Northern Thai ᨾᩨ᩶ (mɯɯ⁶), Khün ᨾᩨ᩶ (mɯɯ⁶), Lü ᦙᦹᧉ (mue²), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ꫁ (ꞌmự), Tai Dón ꪝꪳꫂ, Shan မိုဝ်ႉ (mṵ̂e), Saek มือ, Tày mự.

cog

Khün ᨾᩨ᩶ (mɯɯ⁶)

Shan မိုဝ်ႉ (mṵ̂e)


เขต

th-cls

เขต • (kèet)

Borrowed from Pali khetta (“field; plot of land; arable land; site”), from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “region; area; field”), whence also Thai เกษตร (gà-sèet, “cultivated land; field”). Cognate with Lao ເຂດ (khēt, “area; district; region; territory”), Khmer ខេត្ត (khaet, “province; district; territory”) and possibly Tocharian B keta (“garden-plot; field”).


ต่อ

th-cls

ต่อ • (dtɔ̀ɔ)

time: used for expressing multiplication.


ที

โบยมันร้อยที

เขาโดนเฆี่ยนถึงร้อยที

He has been flogged to the extent of a hundred strokes.

เขาโดนตียี่สิบที

Proverbs 17:10, KJV:
คำขนาบเข้าไปในคนฉลาดลึกกว่าเฆี่ยนคนโง่สักร้อยที
kam kà-nàap kâo bpai nai kon chà-làat lʉ́k gwàa kîian kon ngôo sàk rɔ́ɔi tii
A reproof entereth more into a wise man than a hundred stripes into a fool.

2 Corinthians 11:24, KJV:
พวกยิวเฆี่ยนข้าพเจ้าห้าครั้ง ครั้งละสามสิบเก้าที
pûuak yiu kîian kâa-pá-jâao hâa kráng kráng lá sǎam-sìp gâao tii
Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one.


เหล่า

เหล่า • (lào)


ผืน

ผืน • (pʉ̌ʉn)

Cognate with Lao ຜືນ (phư̄n), Shan ၽိုၼ် (phǔen), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (phün).

Classifier for various kinds of fabric material, and strips or sections of land. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ด้าม

ด้าม • (dâam)

From Proto-Tai *ɗaːmꟲ (“handle (of a knife)”).

inh

Classifier for handles, pens, brushes, etc.


ซอง

th-cls

ซอง • (sɔɔng)

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨪᩬᨦ, Lao ຊອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦌᦸᧂ (soang).

Classifier for envelopes, packets (of cigarettes), etc. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ตน

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຕົນ (ton), Khün ᨲᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦎᦳᧃ (ṫun), Shan တူၼ် (tǔun).

cog

Lü ᦎᦳᧃ (ṫun)

Classifier for giants, demons, hermits, ascetics, and the like.


ปั้น

th-cls

ปั้น • (bpân)

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *panꟲ² (“to mold (clay); to clench; to wring; to fist”). Cognate with Southern Thai ปั้น (“to shape; to squeeze”), Lao ປັ້ນ (pan), Lü ᦔᧃᧉ (ṗan²), Shan ပၼ်ႈ (pān, “to grasp; to squeeze”), Phake ပꩫ် (pan), Ahom 𑜆𑜃𑜫 (pan, “to grasp; to squeeze”).

cog

Lü ᦔᧃᧉ (ṗan²)

a classifier for soft or malleable things worked into round shapes by kneading, massaging, pressing, squeezing, etc.


กอบ

th-cls

กอบ • (gɔ̀ɔp)

From Proto-Tai *koːpᴰ (“to take up in the two cupped hands”). Cognate with Lao ກອບ (kǭp), Tai Nüa ᥐᥩᥙᥱ (kǒap), Shan ၵွပ်ႇ (kàup), Bouyei goobt.


บาน

Classifier for doors, windows, mirrors and other glass panels.


สำรับ

th-cls

สำรับ • (sǎm-ráp)

From Old Khmer saṃrap, samrāp, saṃrāp, saṃrāppa, saṃmrāpa, saṃmrāppa, saṃmrâppa, saṃmarāppa, saṃmarāpa, samrâpa, samrāppa, saṃrapa (“set, suite; food or articles for divinity or given as alms; to serve, to attend; to provide (food or alms); etc”), extended forms of Old Khmer srāpa (“to be ordered, arranged, disposed, prepared, ready, or available”). Cognate with Modern Khmer សំរាប់ (sɑmrap). Perhaps cognate with Thai สำหรับ (sǎm-ràp).

cog

Genesis 45:22, KJV:
โยเซฟให้เสื้อผ้าคนละสำรับ แต่ให้เงินแก่เบนยามินสามร้อยเหรียญกับเสื้อห้าสำรับ
yoo-séep hâi sʉ̂ʉa-pâa kon lá sǎm-ráp · dtɛ̀ɛ hâi ngən gɛ̀ɛ ben-yaa-min sǎam-rɔ́ɔi rǐian gàp sʉ̂ʉa hâa sǎm-ráp
To all of them he gave each man changes of raiment; but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver, and five changes of raiment.

Classifier for the above-described things. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier


ขบวน

Alternative spelling of the now-obsolete ขบวร (kà-buuan). Extended as กระบวน (grà-buuan). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្បួន (kbuən); Lao ຂະບວນ (kha būan).

used for crowded movement such as group traveling or parade


กอ

From Proto-Tai *koːᴬ (“clump (as of bamboo)”). Cognate with Lao ກໍ (kǭ), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥝ (kow), Shan ၵေႃ (kǎu), Ahom 𑜀𑜦𑜡 (kō).


ขนาน

th-cls

ขนาน • (kà-nǎan)

Classifier for medicinal formulas, recipes, or prescriptions.


รอบ

รอบ • (rɔ̂ɔp)

Cognate with Northern Thai ᩁᩬᨷ, Khün ᩁᩬᨷ, Lao ຮອບ (hǭp), Isan ฮอบ, Lü ᦣᦸᧇ (hoab), Shan ႁွပ်ႈ (hāup), Phake ꩭွပ် (hop), Ahom 𑜍𑜨𑜆𑜫 (rop), Zuojiang Zhuang hob.


หน่วย

หน่วย • (nùai)

Classifier for units, divisions and departments.


ราย

Classifier for cases, instances, persons, items, issues, stories and records, etc.


แท่ง

แท่ง • (tɛ̂ng)

Cognate with Lao ແທ່ງ (thǣng), Lü ᦶᦑᧂᧈ (taeng¹), Shan တႅင်ႈ (tēng), Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜂𑜫 (tiṅ).

Classifier for bars, ingots and tube shaped objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier.


ดุ้น

ดุ้น • (dûn)


กัณฑ์

กัณฑ์ • (gan)

From Pali kaṇḍa (“shaft, arrow; portion”).


ฟอด

ฟอด • (fɔ̂ɔt)


แง่ง

แง่ง • (ngɛ̂ng)