See หนังสือ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dtuua-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "ตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "บอกหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bɔ̀ɔk-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǎng-ká-râat",
"word": "บอกหนังสือสังฆราช"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ไล่หนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "แววหัวตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "สอนหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sɔ̌ɔn-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǎng-ká-râat",
"word": "สอนหนังสือสังฆราช"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nɔ̌ɔn-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "หนอนหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือกรรมสิทธิ์ห้องชุด"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือชี้ชวน"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-dəən-taang",
"word": "หนังสือเดินทาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-pim",
"word": "หนังสือพิมพ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือรับรอง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือรับรองกรรมสิทธิ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือรับรองการทำประโยชน์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือราชการ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือเวียน"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือสำคัญ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "หนังสือสุทธิ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǐiang",
"word": "หนังสือเสียง"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ໜັງສື",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lao: ໜັງສື (nang sư̄)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lao: ໜັງສື (nang sư̄)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦐᧂᦉᦹ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦐᧂᦉᦹ (ṅangṡue)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦐᧂᦉᦹ (ṅangṡue)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ugo",
"2": "นังซือํ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gong: นังซือํ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gong: นังซือํ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "หนัง",
"3": "สือ",
"t1": "peel; skin; etc",
"t2": "character; letter; script; etc"
},
"expansion": "หนัง (nǎng, “peel; skin; etc”) + สือ (sʉ̌ʉ, “character; letter; script; etc”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From หนัง (nǎng, “peel; skin; etc”) + สือ (sʉ̌ʉ, “character; letter; script; etc”); literally “skin of letters”, referring to a piece of skin on which something is written.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "เล่ม",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "ฉบับ",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "เล่ม",
"2": "ฉบับ"
},
"expansion": "หนังสือ • (nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ) (classifier เล่ม or ฉบับ)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 3 21 25 2 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"letter; character; script."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-4XTgl4wI",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This contract must be made in writing.",
"roman": "sǎn-yaa níi dtɔ̂ng tam bpen nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"text": "สัญญานี้ต้องทำเป็นหนังสือ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"written form."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-OlkS10IZ",
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 14 31 3 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 21 25 2 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"written message."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-EKRTle2b",
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"message",
"message"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 14 31 3 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 21 25 2 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 8 75 2 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Documents",
"orig": "th:Documents",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"document."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun--8Tf-X4Z",
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"literary work."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-iHDUmhO5",
"links": [
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 8 10 21 3 40 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 16 18 5 35 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 14 31 3 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 21 25 2 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Students are reading books.",
"roman": "nák-riian àan nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ yùu",
"text": "นักเรียนอ่านหนังสืออยู่",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"book."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-qg54~o3r",
"links": [
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 7 14 31 3 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 20 21 11 10 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 21 25 2 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge, especially one derived from a book or books."
],
"id": "en-หนังสือ-th-noun-TVhU8SYR",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naŋ˩˩˦.sɯː˩˩˦/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dtuua-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "ตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lák",
"word": "ลักษณ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ลายลักษณ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ลายลักษณ์อักษร"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lêek",
"word": "เลข"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lee-kǎa",
"word": "เลขา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "àk-kà-rà",
"word": "อักขระ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "àk-sɔ̌ɔn",
"word": "อักษร"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jòt-mǎai",
"word": "จดหมาย"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lí-kìt",
"word": "ลิขิต"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sǎan",
"word": "สาร"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "สาสน์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "สาส์น"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chà-nòot",
"word": "โฉนด"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bàt",
"word": "บัฏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bai",
"word": "ใบ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "èek-gà-sǎan",
"word": "เอกสาร"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wan-ná-gam",
"word": "วรรณกรรม"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "ban",
"word": "บรรณ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ปกรณ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "wan",
"word": "วรรณ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wan-ná",
"word": "วรรณะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sà-mùt",
"word": "สมุด"
}
],
"word": "หนังสือ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ɯː",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai compound terms",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai nouns classified by ฉบับ",
"Thai nouns classified by เล่ม",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Documents"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "dtuua-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "ตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"word": "บอกหนังสือ"
},
{
"roman": "bɔ̀ɔk-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǎng-ká-râat",
"word": "บอกหนังสือสังฆราช"
},
{
"word": "ไล่หนังสือ"
},
{
"word": "แววหัวตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"word": "สอนหนังสือ"
},
{
"roman": "sɔ̌ɔn-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǎng-ká-râat",
"word": "สอนหนังสือสังฆราช"
},
{
"roman": "nɔ̌ɔn-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "หนอนหนังสือ"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือกรรมสิทธิ์ห้องชุด"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือชี้ชวน"
},
{
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-dəən-taang",
"word": "หนังสือเดินทาง"
},
{
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-pim",
"word": "หนังสือพิมพ์"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือรับรอง"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือรับรองกรรมสิทธิ์"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือรับรองการทำประโยชน์"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือราชการ"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือเวียน"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือสำคัญ"
},
{
"word": "หนังสือสุทธิ"
},
{
"roman": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ-sǐiang",
"word": "หนังสือเสียง"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ໜັງສື",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lao: ໜັງສື (nang sư̄)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lao: ໜັງສື (nang sư̄)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦐᧂᦉᦹ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦐᧂᦉᦹ (ṅangṡue)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦐᧂᦉᦹ (ṅangṡue)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ugo",
"2": "นังซือํ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gong: นังซือํ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gong: นังซือํ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "หนัง",
"3": "สือ",
"t1": "peel; skin; etc",
"t2": "character; letter; script; etc"
},
"expansion": "หนัง (nǎng, “peel; skin; etc”) + สือ (sʉ̌ʉ, “character; letter; script; etc”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From หนัง (nǎng, “peel; skin; etc”) + สือ (sʉ̌ʉ, “character; letter; script; etc”); literally “skin of letters”, referring to a piece of skin on which something is written.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "เล่ม",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "ฉบับ",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "เล่ม",
"2": "ฉบับ"
},
"expansion": "หนังสือ • (nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ) (classifier เล่ม or ฉบับ)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"letter; character; script."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"script",
"script"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This contract must be made in writing.",
"roman": "sǎn-yaa níi dtɔ̂ng tam bpen nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"text": "สัญญานี้ต้องทำเป็นหนังสือ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"written form."
],
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"written message."
],
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"message",
"message"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"document."
],
"links": [
[
"document",
"document"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"literary work."
],
"links": [
[
"literary",
"literary"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Students are reading books.",
"roman": "nák-riian àan nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ yùu",
"text": "นักเรียนอ่านหนังสืออยู่",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"book."
],
"links": [
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"knowledge, especially one derived from a book or books."
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"one",
"one"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"book",
"book"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naŋ˩˩˦.sɯː˩˩˦/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dtuua-nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ",
"word": "ตัวหนังสือ"
},
{
"roman": "lák",
"word": "ลักษณ์"
},
{
"word": "ลายลักษณ์"
},
{
"word": "ลายลักษณ์อักษร"
},
{
"roman": "lêek",
"word": "เลข"
},
{
"roman": "lee-kǎa",
"word": "เลขา"
},
{
"roman": "àk-kà-rà",
"word": "อักขระ"
},
{
"roman": "àk-sɔ̌ɔn",
"word": "อักษร"
},
{
"roman": "jòt-mǎai",
"word": "จดหมาย"
},
{
"roman": "lí-kìt",
"word": "ลิขิต"
},
{
"roman": "sǎan",
"word": "สาร"
},
{
"word": "สาสน์"
},
{
"word": "สาส์น"
},
{
"roman": "chà-nòot",
"word": "โฉนด"
},
{
"roman": "bàt",
"word": "บัฏ"
},
{
"roman": "bai",
"word": "ใบ"
},
{
"roman": "èek-gà-sǎan",
"word": "เอกสาร"
},
{
"roman": "wan-ná-gam",
"word": "วรรณกรรม"
},
{
"english": "ban",
"word": "บรรณ"
},
{
"word": "ปกรณ์"
},
{
"english": "wan",
"word": "วรรณ"
},
{
"roman": "wan-ná",
"word": "วรรณะ"
},
{
"roman": "sà-mùt",
"word": "สมุด"
}
],
"word": "หนังสือ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for หนังสือ meaning in Thai (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <table> not properly closed",
"path": [
"หนังสือ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "หนังสือ",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </tr>",
"path": [
"หนังสือ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "หนังสือ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </table>",
"path": [
"หนังสือ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "หนังสือ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.