fela

tofela (first-person singular)
fofela (first-person inclusive plural)
mifela (exclusive first-person plural)
nofela (second-person singular)
nifela (plural second-person)
ofela (masculine singular third-person)
ifela (masculine plural third-person)
yofela (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofela (feminine singular third-person)
ifela (feminine plural third-person)
yofela (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifela (neuter singular third-person)
ifela (neuter plural third-person)
yofela (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tapar

totapar (first-person singular)
fotapar (first-person inclusive plural)
mitapar (exclusive first-person plural)
notapar (second-person singular)
nitapar (plural second-person)
otapar (masculine singular third-person)
itapar (masculine plural third-person)
yotapar (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motapar (feminine singular third-person)
itapar (feminine plural third-person)
yotapar (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itapar (neuter singular third-person)
itapar (neuter plural third-person)
yotapar (archaic neuter plural third-person)


baso

tobaso (first-person singular)
fobaso (first-person inclusive plural)
mibaso (exclusive first-person plural)
nobaso (second-person singular)
nibaso (plural second-person)
obaso (masculine singular third-person)
ibaso (masculine plural third-person)
yobaso (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobaso (feminine singular third-person)
ibaso (feminine plural third-person)
yobaso (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibaso (neuter singular third-person)
ibaso (neuter plural third-person)
yobaso (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly cognate with West Makian baso (“to hear”).


bata

tobata (first-person singular)
fobata (first-person inclusive plural)
mibata (exclusive first-person plural)
nobata (second-person singular)
nibata (plural second-person)
obata (masculine singular third-person)
ibata (masculine plural third-person)
yobata (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobata (feminine singular third-person)
ibata (feminine plural third-person)
yobata (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibata (neuter singular third-person)
ibata (neuter plural third-person)
yobata (archaic neuter plural third-person)


besa

Cognate with Sahu besa'a. Equivalent to N- (nominalizer) + fesa (“wet”).

بيس فوفراي


besa

بيس (Jawi)
tobesa (first-person singular)
fobesa (first-person inclusive plural)
mibesa (exclusive first-person plural)
nobesa (second-person singular)
nibesa (plural second-person)
obesa (masculine singular third-person)
ibesa (masculine plural third-person)
yobesa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobesa (feminine singular third-person)
ibesa (feminine plural third-person)
yobesa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibesa (neuter singular third-person)
ibesa (neuter plural third-person)
yobesa (archaic neuter plural third-person)

besa ua


faja

tofaja (first-person singular)
fofaja (first-person inclusive plural)
mifaja (exclusive first-person plural)
nofaja (second-person singular)
nifaja (plural second-person)
ofaja (masculine singular third-person)
ifaja (masculine plural third-person)
yofaja (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofaja (feminine singular third-person)
ifaja (feminine plural third-person)
yofaja (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifaja (neuter singular third-person)
ifaja (neuter plural third-person)
yofaja (archaic neuter plural third-person)


firman

From Malay firman, from Persian فرمان (farmân), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (f-r-m-a-n-a /framānā/).


fuma

tofuma (first-person singular)
fofuma (first-person inclusive plural)
mifuma (exclusive first-person plural)
nofuma (second-person singular)
nifuma (plural second-person)
ofuma (masculine singular third-person)
ifuma (masculine plural third-person)
yofuma (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofuma (feminine singular third-person)
ifuma (feminine plural third-person)
yofuma (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifuma (neuter singular third-person)
ifuma (neuter plural third-person)
yofuma (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fato

tofato (first-person singular)
fofato (first-person inclusive plural)
mifato (exclusive first-person plural)
nofato (second-person singular)
nifato (plural second-person)
ofato (masculine singular third-person)
ifato (masculine plural third-person)
yofato (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofato (feminine singular third-person)
ifato (feminine plural third-person)
yofato (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifato (neuter singular third-person)
ifato (neuter plural third-person)
yofato (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to align, put in a row, put side by side


lamo

لامو (Jawi)
tolamo (first-person singular)
folamo (first-person inclusive plural)
milamo (exclusive first-person plural)
nolamo (second-person singular)
nilamo (plural second-person)
olamo (masculine singular third-person)
ilamo (masculine plural third-person)
yolamo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
molamo (feminine singular third-person)
ilamo (feminine plural third-person)
yolamo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ilamo (neuter singular third-person)
ilamo (neuter plural third-person)
yolamo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *lamok ("big").


taja

totaja (first-person singular)
fotaja (first-person inclusive plural)
mitaja (exclusive first-person plural)
notaja (second-person singular)
nitaja (plural second-person)
otaja (masculine singular third-person)
itaja (masculine plural third-person)
yotaja (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motaja (feminine singular third-person)
itaja (feminine plural third-person)
yotaja (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itaja (neuter singular third-person)
itaja (neuter plural third-person)
yotaja (archaic neuter plural third-person)


temo

totemo (first-person singular)
fotemo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitemo (exclusive first-person plural)
notemo (second-person singular)
nitemo (plural second-person)
otemo (masculine singular third-person)
itemo (masculine plural third-person)
yotemo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motemo (feminine singular third-person)
itemo (feminine plural third-person)
yotemo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itemo (neuter singular third-person)
itemo (neuter plural third-person)
yotemo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *temo (“to say”).


suba

tosuba (first-person singular)
fosuba (first-person inclusive plural)
misuba (exclusive first-person plural)
nosuba (second-person singular)
nisuba (plural second-person)
osuba (masculine singular third-person)
isuba (masculine plural third-person)
yosuba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosuba (feminine singular third-person)
isuba (feminine plural third-person)
yosuba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isuba (neuter singular third-person)
isuba (neuter plural third-person)
yosuba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sudo

tosudo (first-person singular)
fosudo (first-person inclusive plural)
misudo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosudo (second-person singular)
nisudo (plural second-person)
osudo (masculine singular third-person)
isudo (masculine plural third-person)
yosudo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosudo (feminine singular third-person)
isudo (feminine plural third-person)
yosudo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isudo (neuter singular third-person)
isudo (neuter plural third-person)
yosudo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq (“to call on a person to do something”).


sume

tosume (first-person singular)
fosume (first-person inclusive plural)
misume (exclusive first-person plural)
nosume (second-person singular)
nisume (plural second-person)
osume (masculine singular third-person)
isume (masculine plural third-person)
yosume (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosume (feminine singular third-person)
isume (feminine plural third-person)
yosume (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isume (neuter singular third-person)
isume (neuter plural third-person)
yosume (archaic neuter plural third-person)


saki

tosaki (first-person singular)
fosaki (first-person inclusive plural)
misaki (exclusive first-person plural)
nosaki (second-person singular)
nisaki (plural second-person)
osaki (masculine singular third-person)
isaki (masculine plural third-person)
yosaki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosaki (feminine singular third-person)
isaki (feminine plural third-person)
yosaki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isaki (neuter singular third-person)
isaki (neuter plural third-person)
yosaki (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) to be good-tasting, tasty, delicious


dumdum

Likely from an older *dumudumu, from Proto-North Halmahera, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut. Compare Sahu ḏuḏumutu, Tobelo lulumiti.


paji

From Classical Malay ڤنجي (panji), from Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī).


ngana

head

ngana (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi ڠان)

no (clitic subjective)
ni (possessive prefix)
ڠان (Jawi)

Manado Malay: ngana

North Moluccan Malay: ngana

unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific


ruba

toruba (first-person singular)
foruba (first-person inclusive plural)
miruba (exclusive first-person plural)
noruba (second-person singular)
niruba (plural second-person)
oruba (masculine singular third-person)
iruba (masculine plural third-person)
yoruba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruba (feminine singular third-person)
iruba (feminine plural third-person)
yoruba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruba (neuter singular third-person)
iruba (neuter plural third-person)
yoruba (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly from Malay rebah (“to collapse”).


soe

tosoe (first-person singular)
fosoe (first-person inclusive plural)
misoe (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoe (second-person singular)
nisoe (plural second-person)
osoe (masculine singular third-person)
isoe (masculine plural third-person)
yosoe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoe (feminine singular third-person)
isoe (feminine plural third-person)
yosoe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoe (neuter singular third-person)
isoe (neuter plural third-person)
yosoe (archaic neuter plural third-person)


aci

toaci (first-person singular)
foaci (first-person inclusive plural)
miaci (exclusive first-person plural)
noaci (second-person singular)
niaci (plural second-person)
oaci (masculine singular third-person)
iaci (masculine plural third-person)
yoaci (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaci (feminine singular third-person)
iaci (feminine plural third-person)
yoaci (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaci (neuter singular third-person)
iaci (neuter plural third-person)
yoaci (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sumu

→ Galela: sumu

→ Loloda: sumu

→ Tobelo: humu (Heleworuru, Boeng)

→ Pagu: sumu

→ Tabaru: sumu

Likely through Proto-Ternate-Tidore, from Malay sumur or Javanese ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur), both from Old Javanese sumur.


iha

Contains the same element as found in raha (“four”).

iha manitaika

the morning of the day four days after today

four days after today, three days after tomorrow


jojo

uncle, aunt (younger sibling of a parent)


laku

totorifu laku


yai

toyai (first-person singular)
foyai (first-person inclusive plural)
miyai (exclusive first-person plural)
noyai (second-person singular)
niyai (plural second-person)
oyai (masculine singular third-person)
iyai (masculine plural third-person)
yoyai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moyai (feminine singular third-person)
iyai (feminine plural third-person)
yoyai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iyai (neuter singular third-person)
iyai (neuter plural third-person)
yoyai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tola

توله (Jawi)
totola (first-person singular)
fotola (first-person inclusive plural)
mitola (exclusive first-person plural)
notola (second-person singular)
nitola (plural second-person)
otola (masculine singular third-person)
itola (masculine plural third-person)
yotola (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motola (feminine singular third-person)
itola (feminine plural third-person)
yotola (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itola (neuter singular third-person)
itola (neuter plural third-person)
yotola (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Compare Sahu tola'a. Said by de Clercq to be from Classical Malay تولق (tolak) (cf. Modern Malay tolak).

(transitive) to decrease or reduce one's salary


banga

→ Sawai: banga


uri

Cognate with West Makian weri (“rattan”).


mou

tomou (first-person singular)
fomou (first-person inclusive plural)
mimou (exclusive first-person plural)
nomou (second-person singular)
nimou (plural second-person)
omou (masculine singular third-person)
imou (masculine plural third-person)
yomou (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momou (feminine singular third-person)
imou (feminine plural third-person)
yomou (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imou (neuter singular third-person)
imou (neuter plural third-person)
yomou (archaic neuter plural third-person)


siru

tosiru (first-person singular)
fosiru (first-person inclusive plural)
misiru (exclusive first-person plural)
nosiru (second-person singular)
nisiru (plural second-person)
osiru (masculine singular third-person)
isiru (masculine plural third-person)
yosiru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosiru (feminine singular third-person)
isiru (feminine plural third-person)
yosiru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isiru (neuter singular third-person)
isiru (neuter plural third-person)
yosiru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


teru

toteru (first-person singular)
foteru (first-person inclusive plural)
miteru (exclusive first-person plural)
noteru (second-person singular)
niteru (plural second-person)
oteru (masculine singular third-person)
iteru (masculine plural third-person)
yoteru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moteru (feminine singular third-person)
iteru (feminine plural third-person)
yoteru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iteru (neuter singular third-person)
iteru (neuter plural third-person)
yoteru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


dadi

دادي (Jawi)
todadi (first-person singular)
fodadi (first-person inclusive plural)
midadi (exclusive first-person plural)
nodadi (second-person singular)
nidadi (plural second-person)
odadi (masculine singular third-person)
idadi (masculine plural third-person)
yodadi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
modadi (feminine singular third-person)
idadi (feminine plural third-person)
yodadi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
idadi (neuter singular third-person)
idadi (neuter plural third-person)
yodadi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(intransitive) to happen, occur, come about

odadi kolano

una otagi dadi ua

una hoi ngara, odadi ua

mina mogolaha meja ge dadi

modadi

(auxiliary) to be possible; to be able to, to be capable of


dadi

dadi, ngofa ge opoha ri ua

therefore, the child could not endure it any longer


fikir

tofikir (first-person singular)
fofikir (first-person inclusive plural)
mifikir (exclusive first-person plural)
nofikir (second-person singular)
nifikir (plural second-person)
ofikir (masculine singular third-person)
ifikir (masculine plural third-person)
yofikir (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofikir (feminine singular third-person)
ifikir (feminine plural third-person)
yofikir (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifikir (neuter singular third-person)
ifikir (neuter plural third-person)
yofikir (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay fikir, from Arabic فِكْر (fikr).


pesta

alternative form of festa (“party, celebration”)


radis

Likely from Dutch radijs, ultimately from Latin rādīx.


no-

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).


dupa

From Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


tingi

totingi (first-person singular)
fotingi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitingi (exclusive first-person plural)
notingi (second-person singular)
nitingi (plural second-person)
otingi (masculine singular third-person)
itingi (masculine plural third-person)
yotingi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motingi (feminine singular third-person)
itingi (feminine plural third-person)
yotingi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itingi (neuter singular third-person)
itingi (neuter plural third-person)
yotingi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly from Malay tengik (“rancid, pungent, putrid”).


roso

toroso (first-person singular)
foroso (first-person inclusive plural)
miroso (exclusive first-person plural)
noroso (second-person singular)
niroso (plural second-person)
oroso (masculine singular third-person)
iroso (masculine plural third-person)
yoroso (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moroso (feminine singular third-person)
iroso (feminine plural third-person)
yoroso (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iroso (neuter singular third-person)
iroso (neuter plural third-person)
yoroso (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tike

totike (first-person singular)
fotike (first-person inclusive plural)
mitike (exclusive first-person plural)
notike (second-person singular)
nitike (plural second-person)
otike (masculine singular third-person)
itike (masculine plural third-person)
yotike (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motike (feminine singular third-person)
itike (feminine plural third-person)
yotike (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itike (neuter singular third-person)
itike (neuter plural third-person)
yotike (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ing

From the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.


futu

From Proto-North Halmahera *putu (“night”).


awal

From Malay awal, from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


faida

alternative form of faeda (“usefulness”)


atu

toatu (first-person singular)
foatu (first-person inclusive plural)
miatu (exclusive first-person plural)
noatu (second-person singular)
niatu (plural second-person)
oatu (masculine singular third-person)
iatu (masculine plural third-person)
yoatu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moatu (feminine singular third-person)
iatu (feminine plural third-person)
yoatu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iatu (neuter singular third-person)
iatu (neuter plural third-person)
yoatu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tana

totana (first-person singular)
fotana (first-person inclusive plural)
mitana (exclusive first-person plural)
notana (second-person singular)
nitana (plural second-person)
otana (masculine singular third-person)
itana (masculine plural third-person)
yotana (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motana (feminine singular third-person)
itana (feminine plural third-person)
yotana (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itana (neuter singular third-person)
itana (neuter plural third-person)
yotana (archaic neuter plural third-person)


musi

tomusi (first-person singular)
fomusi (first-person inclusive plural)
mimusi (exclusive first-person plural)
nomusi (second-person singular)
nimusi (plural second-person)
omusi (masculine singular third-person)
imusi (masculine plural third-person)
yomusi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momusi (feminine singular third-person)
imusi (feminine plural third-person)
yomusi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imusi (neuter singular third-person)
imusi (neuter plural third-person)
yomusi (archaic neuter plural third-person)
musti (alternative)

una omusi ooke sou

una omusi otagi sikola


toni

any of several flying fish in the genus Cypselurus


rako

torako (first-person singular)
forako (first-person inclusive plural)
mirako (exclusive first-person plural)
norako (second-person singular)
nirako (plural second-person)
orako (masculine singular third-person)
irako (masculine plural third-person)
yorako (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morako (feminine singular third-person)
irako (feminine plural third-person)
yorako (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irako (neuter singular third-person)
irako (neuter plural third-person)
yorako (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kabi

Adapted from Classical Malay کمبيڠ (kambing).


tawaf

طواف (Jawi)
totawaf (first-person singular)
fotawaf (first-person inclusive plural)
mitawaf (exclusive first-person plural)
notawaf (second-person singular)
nitawaf (plural second-person)
otawaf (masculine singular third-person)
itawaf (masculine plural third-person)
yotawaf (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motawaf (feminine singular third-person)
itawaf (feminine plural third-person)
yotawaf (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itawaf (neuter singular third-person)
itawaf (neuter plural third-person)
yotawaf (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay tawaf, from Arabic طَوَاف (ṭawāf).


sohi

tosohi (first-person singular)
fosohi (first-person inclusive plural)
misohi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosohi (second-person singular)
nisohi (plural second-person)
osohi (masculine singular third-person)
isohi (masculine plural third-person)
yosohi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosohi (feminine singular third-person)
isohi (feminine plural third-person)
yosohi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isohi (neuter singular third-person)
isohi (neuter plural third-person)
yosohi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


reno

toreno (first-person singular)
foreno (first-person inclusive plural)
mireno (exclusive first-person plural)
noreno (second-person singular)
nireno (plural second-person)
oreno (masculine singular third-person)
ireno (masculine plural third-person)
yoreno (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moreno (feminine singular third-person)
ireno (feminine plural third-person)
yoreno (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ireno (neuter singular third-person)
ireno (neuter plural third-person)
yoreno (archaic neuter plural third-person)


taho

totaho (first-person singular)
fotaho (first-person inclusive plural)
mitaho (exclusive first-person plural)
notaho (second-person singular)
nitaho (plural second-person)
otaho (masculine singular third-person)
itaho (masculine plural third-person)
yotaho (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motaho (feminine singular third-person)
itaho (feminine plural third-person)
yotaho (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itaho (neuter singular third-person)
itaho (neuter plural third-person)
yotaho (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bua

Cognate with West Makian bual (“termite”).


sako

needlefish, fish in the family Belonidae


uju

touju (first-person singular)
fouju (first-person inclusive plural)
miuju (exclusive first-person plural)
nouju (second-person singular)
niuju (plural second-person)
ouju (masculine singular third-person)
iuju (masculine plural third-person)
youju (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouju (feminine singular third-person)
iuju (feminine plural third-person)
youju (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuju (neuter singular third-person)
iuju (neuter plural third-person)
youju (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rasai

From the root of Malay merasai (“to feel”).


fea

tofea (first-person singular)
fofea (first-person inclusive plural)
mifea (exclusive first-person plural)
nofea (second-person singular)
nifea (plural second-person)
ofea (masculine singular third-person)
ifea (masculine plural third-person)
yofea (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofea (feminine singular third-person)
ifea (feminine plural third-person)
yofea (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifea (neuter singular third-person)
ifea (neuter plural third-person)
yofea (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tifo

totifo (first-person singular)
fotifo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitifo (exclusive first-person plural)
notifo (second-person singular)
nitifo (plural second-person)
otifo (masculine singular third-person)
itifo (masculine plural third-person)
yotifo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motifo (feminine singular third-person)
itifo (feminine plural third-person)
yotifo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itifo (neuter singular third-person)
itifo (neuter plural third-person)
yotifo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tino

totino (first-person singular)
fotino (first-person inclusive plural)
mitino (exclusive first-person plural)
notino (second-person singular)
nitino (plural second-person)
otino (masculine singular third-person)
itino (masculine plural third-person)
yotino (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motino (feminine singular third-person)
itino (feminine plural third-person)
yotino (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itino (neuter singular third-person)
itino (neuter plural third-person)
yotino (archaic neuter plural third-person)


soru

tosoru (first-person singular)
fosoru (first-person inclusive plural)
misoru (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoru (second-person singular)
nisoru (plural second-person)
osoru (masculine singular third-person)
isoru (masculine plural third-person)
yosoru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoru (feminine singular third-person)
isoru (feminine plural third-person)
yosoru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoru (neuter singular third-person)
isoru (neuter plural third-person)
yosoru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tobo

totobo (first-person singular)
fotobo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitobo (exclusive first-person plural)
notobo (second-person singular)
nitobo (plural second-person)
otobo (masculine singular third-person)
itobo (masculine plural third-person)
yotobo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motobo (feminine singular third-person)
itobo (feminine plural third-person)
yotobo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itobo (neuter singular third-person)
itobo (neuter plural third-person)
yotobo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bangku

From Indonesian bangku, from Portuguese banco.


faka

tofaka (first-person singular)
fofaka (first-person inclusive plural)
mifaka (exclusive first-person plural)
nofaka (second-person singular)
nifaka (plural second-person)
ofaka (masculine singular third-person)
ifaka (masculine plural third-person)
yofaka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofaka (feminine singular third-person)
ifaka (feminine plural third-person)
yofaka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifaka (neuter singular third-person)
ifaka (neuter plural third-person)
yofaka (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to drink very quickly, to bolt down


raba

toraba (first-person singular)
foraba (first-person inclusive plural)
miraba (exclusive first-person plural)
noraba (second-person singular)
niraba (plural second-person)
oraba (masculine singular third-person)
iraba (masculine plural third-person)
yoraba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moraba (feminine singular third-person)
iraba (feminine plural third-person)
yoraba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iraba (neuter singular third-person)
iraba (neuter plural third-person)
yoraba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bau

tobau (first-person singular)
fobau (first-person inclusive plural)
mibau (exclusive first-person plural)
nobau (second-person singular)
nibau (plural second-person)
obau (masculine singular third-person)
ibau (masculine plural third-person)
yobau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobau (feminine singular third-person)
ibau (feminine plural third-person)
yobau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibau (neuter singular third-person)
ibau (neuter plural third-person)
yobau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sedu

tosedu (first-person singular)
fosedu (first-person inclusive plural)
misedu (exclusive first-person plural)
nosedu (second-person singular)
nisedu (plural second-person)
osedu (masculine singular third-person)
isedu (masculine plural third-person)
yosedu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosedu (feminine singular third-person)
isedu (feminine plural third-person)
yosedu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isedu (neuter singular third-person)
isedu (neuter plural third-person)
yosedu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tifa

the tifa drum, part of the tifa totobuang ensemble


tuda

totuda (first-person singular)
fotuda (first-person inclusive plural)
mituda (exclusive first-person plural)
notuda (second-person singular)
nituda (plural second-person)
otuda (masculine singular third-person)
ituda (masculine plural third-person)
yotuda (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuda (feminine singular third-person)
ituda (feminine plural third-person)
yotuda (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituda (neuter singular third-person)
ituda (neuter plural third-person)
yotuda (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tada

totada (first-person singular)
fotada (first-person inclusive plural)
mitada (exclusive first-person plural)
notada (second-person singular)
nitada (plural second-person)
otada (masculine singular third-person)
itada (masculine plural third-person)
yotada (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motada (feminine singular third-person)
itada (feminine plural third-person)
yotada (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itada (neuter singular third-person)
itada (neuter plural third-person)
yotada (archaic neuter plural third-person)


dolosi

دولوسي (Jawi)

certain species of fish, the species Caesio cuning¹ or certain species of the genus Plectorhinchus²


sara

tosara (first-person singular)
fosara (first-person inclusive plural)
misara (exclusive first-person plural)
nosara (second-person singular)
nisara (plural second-person)
osara (masculine singular third-person)
isara (masculine plural third-person)
yosara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosara (feminine singular third-person)
isara (feminine plural third-person)
yosara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isara (neuter singular third-person)
isara (neuter plural third-person)
yosara (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sara

(transitive) to take or carry something over (a body of water, etc.)


tede

totede (first-person singular)
fotede (first-person inclusive plural)
mitede (exclusive first-person plural)
notede (second-person singular)
nitede (plural second-person)
otede (masculine singular third-person)
itede (masculine plural third-person)
yotede (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motede (feminine singular third-person)
itede (feminine plural third-person)
yotede (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itede (neuter singular third-person)
itede (neuter plural third-person)
yotede (archaic neuter plural third-person)


forai

toforai (first-person singular)
foforai (first-person inclusive plural)
miforai (exclusive first-person plural)
noforai (second-person singular)
niforai (plural second-person)
oforai (masculine singular third-person)
iforai (masculine plural third-person)
yoforai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moforai (feminine singular third-person)
iforai (feminine plural third-person)
yoforai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iforai (neuter singular third-person)
iforai (neuter plural third-person)
yoforai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sema

tosema (first-person singular)
fosema (first-person inclusive plural)
misema (exclusive first-person plural)
nosema (second-person singular)
nisema (plural second-person)
osema (masculine singular third-person)
isema (masculine plural third-person)
yosema (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosema (feminine singular third-person)
isema (feminine plural third-person)
yosema (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isema (neuter singular third-person)
isema (neuter plural third-person)
yosema (archaic neuter plural third-person)

sema mancia toma ngara

nyao isema toma hito

Ngori tosema pipi


totea

tototea (first-person singular)
fototea (first-person inclusive plural)
mitotea (exclusive first-person plural)
nototea (second-person singular)
nitotea (plural second-person)
ototea (masculine singular third-person)
itotea (masculine plural third-person)
yototea (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mototea (feminine singular third-person)
itotea (feminine plural third-person)
yototea (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itotea (neuter singular third-person)
itotea (neuter plural third-person)
yototea (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Partial reduplication of teo (“seawater”) with final-vowel alteration.

(stative) alternative form of teoteo (“to be salty”)


sepa

tosepa (first-person singular)
fosepa (first-person inclusive plural)
misepa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosepa (second-person singular)
nisepa (plural second-person)
osepa (masculine singular third-person)
isepa (masculine plural third-person)
yosepa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosepa (feminine singular third-person)
isepa (feminine plural third-person)
yosepa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isepa (neuter singular third-person)
isepa (neuter plural third-person)
yosepa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


oke

tooke (first-person singular)
fooke (first-person inclusive plural)
mioke (exclusive first-person plural)
nooke (second-person singular)
nioke (plural second-person)
ooke (masculine singular third-person)
ioke (masculine plural third-person)
yooke (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mooke (feminine singular third-person)
ioke (feminine plural third-person)
yooke (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ioke (neuter singular third-person)
ioke (neuter plural third-person)
yooke (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rugi

From Malay rugi, from Sanskrit रोग (roga).


rugi

torugi (first-person singular)
forugi (first-person inclusive plural)
mirugi (exclusive first-person plural)
norugi (second-person singular)
nirugi (plural second-person)
orugi (masculine singular third-person)
irugi (masculine plural third-person)
yorugi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morugi (feminine singular third-person)
irugi (feminine plural third-person)
yorugi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irugi (neuter singular third-person)
irugi (neuter plural third-person)
yorugi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tulis

totulis (first-person singular)
fotulis (first-person inclusive plural)
mitulis (exclusive first-person plural)
notulis (second-person singular)
nitulis (plural second-person)
otulis (masculine singular third-person)
itulis (masculine plural third-person)
yotulis (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motulis (feminine singular third-person)
itulis (feminine plural third-person)
yotulis (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itulis (neuter singular third-person)
itulis (neuter plural third-person)
yotulis (archaic neuter plural third-person)


toti

tototi (first-person singular)
fototi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoti (exclusive first-person plural)
nototi (second-person singular)
nitoti (plural second-person)
ototi (masculine singular third-person)
itoti (masculine plural third-person)
yototi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mototi (feminine singular third-person)
itoti (feminine plural third-person)
yototi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoti (neuter singular third-person)
itoti (neuter plural third-person)
yototi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ri-

first-person singular possessive prefix, my


bangsa

From Malay bangsa, from Old Malay vaṃśa, from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage, collection”). Cognate of Tagalog bansa.


tauge

From Indonesian tauge, from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê).


tuga

totuga (first-person singular)
fotuga (first-person inclusive plural)
mituga (exclusive first-person plural)
notuga (second-person singular)
nituga (plural second-person)
otuga (masculine singular third-person)
ituga (masculine plural third-person)
yotuga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuga (feminine singular third-person)
ituga (feminine plural third-person)
yotuga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituga (neuter singular third-person)
ituga (neuter plural third-person)
yotuga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fesa

tofesa (first-person singular)
fofesa (first-person inclusive plural)
mifesa (exclusive first-person plural)
nofesa (second-person singular)
nifesa (plural second-person)
ofesa (masculine singular third-person)
ifesa (masculine plural third-person)
yofesa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofesa (feminine singular third-person)
ifesa (feminine plural third-person)
yofesa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifesa (neuter singular third-person)
ifesa (neuter plural third-person)
yofesa (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Cognate with Tobelo pehaka, Tabaru pesaka.


furu

tofuru (first-person singular)
fofuru (first-person inclusive plural)
mifuru (exclusive first-person plural)
nofuru (second-person singular)
nifuru (plural second-person)
ofuru (masculine singular third-person)
ifuru (masculine plural third-person)
yofuru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofuru (feminine singular third-person)
ifuru (feminine plural third-person)
yofuru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifuru (neuter singular third-person)
ifuru (neuter plural third-person)
yofuru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


anga

toanga (first-person singular)
foanga (first-person inclusive plural)
mianga (exclusive first-person plural)
noanga (second-person singular)
nianga (plural second-person)
oanga (masculine singular third-person)
ianga (masculine plural third-person)
yoanga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moanga (feminine singular third-person)
ianga (feminine plural third-person)
yoanga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ianga (neuter singular third-person)
ianga (neuter plural third-person)
yoanga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


usu

tousu (first-person singular)
fousu (first-person inclusive plural)
miusu (exclusive first-person plural)
nousu (second-person singular)
niusu (plural second-person)
ousu (masculine singular third-person)
iusu (masculine plural third-person)
yousu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mousu (feminine singular third-person)
iusu (feminine plural third-person)
yousu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iusu (neuter singular third-person)
iusu (neuter plural third-person)
yousu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


lako

From Proto-North Halmahera *lako (“eye”).


riki

toriki (first-person singular)
foriki (first-person inclusive plural)
miriki (exclusive first-person plural)
noriki (second-person singular)
niriki (plural second-person)
oriki (masculine singular third-person)
iriki (masculine plural third-person)
yoriki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moriki (feminine singular third-person)
iriki (feminine plural third-person)
yoriki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iriki (neuter singular third-person)
iriki (neuter plural third-person)
yoriki (archaic neuter plural third-person)


riki

(transitive) to know, to gain knowledge of


fao

tofao (first-person singular)
fofao (first-person inclusive plural)
mifao (exclusive first-person plural)
nofao (second-person singular)
nifao (plural second-person)
ofao (masculine singular third-person)
ifao (masculine plural third-person)
yofao (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofao (feminine singular third-person)
ifao (feminine plural third-person)
yofao (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifao (neuter singular third-person)
ifao (neuter plural third-person)
yofao (archaic neuter plural third-person)


foso

tofoso (first-person singular)
fofoso (first-person inclusive plural)
mifoso (exclusive first-person plural)
nofoso (second-person singular)
nifoso (plural second-person)
ofoso (masculine singular third-person)
ifoso (masculine plural third-person)
yofoso (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofoso (feminine singular third-person)
ifoso (feminine plural third-person)
yofoso (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifoso (neuter singular third-person)
ifoso (neuter plural third-person)
yofoso (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ngon

head

ngon (subject clitic ni, possessive prefix na)

alternative form of ngoni (“you all (plural)”)


ngon

ngon (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni)

no (clitic subjective)
ni (possessive prefix)
ngon (alternative)

(formal) alternative form of ngoni (“you (singular)”)


rusu

torusu (first-person singular)
forusu (first-person inclusive plural)
mirusu (exclusive first-person plural)
norusu (second-person singular)
nirusu (plural second-person)
orusu (masculine singular third-person)
irusu (masculine plural third-person)
yorusu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morusu (feminine singular third-person)
irusu (feminine plural third-person)
yorusu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irusu (neuter singular third-person)
irusu (neuter plural third-person)
yorusu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fores

From Dutch voorhuis, from Middle Dutch vorehuus.


kakus

From Indonesian kakus, from Dutch kakhuis.


kofi

Presumably from Dutch koffie (“coffee”).


adi

toadi (first-person singular)
foadi (first-person inclusive plural)
miadi (exclusive first-person plural)
noadi (second-person singular)
niadi (plural second-person)
oadi (masculine singular third-person)
iadi (masculine plural third-person)
yoadi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moadi (feminine singular third-person)
iadi (feminine plural third-person)
yoadi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iadi (neuter singular third-person)
iadi (neuter plural third-person)
yoadi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


adi

Ngori tokodiho adi


bibi

any of several fish in Tetraodontidae and Ostraciidae


falo

tofalo (first-person singular)
fofalo (first-person inclusive plural)
mifalo (exclusive first-person plural)
nofalo (second-person singular)
nifalo (plural second-person)
ofalo (masculine singular third-person)
ifalo (masculine plural third-person)
yofalo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofalo (feminine singular third-person)
ifalo (feminine plural third-person)
yofalo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifalo (neuter singular third-person)
ifalo (neuter plural third-person)
yofalo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

to bail, to remove water with a bucket (from a boat, etc.)


duko

Compare East Makian dukon (“volcanic eruption”).

a stream of lava; stones released in a volcanic eruption


tusa

Cognate with Ambonese Malay tusa (“cat”).

tusa malako


tuso

totuso (first-person singular)
fotuso (first-person inclusive plural)
mituso (exclusive first-person plural)
notuso (second-person singular)
nituso (plural second-person)
otuso (masculine singular third-person)
ituso (masculine plural third-person)
yotuso (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuso (feminine singular third-person)
ituso (feminine plural third-person)
yotuso (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituso (neuter singular third-person)
ituso (neuter plural third-person)
yotuso (archaic neuter plural third-person)


جو

Jawi spelling of joo, shortened form of جوو (joou).


pilo

topilo (first-person singular)
fopilo (first-person inclusive plural)
mipilo (exclusive first-person plural)
nopilo (second-person singular)
nipilo (plural second-person)
opilo (masculine singular third-person)
ipilo (masculine plural third-person)
yopilo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mopilo (feminine singular third-person)
ipilo (feminine plural third-person)
yopilo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ipilo (neuter singular third-person)
ipilo (neuter plural third-person)
yopilo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fati

tofati (first-person singular)
fofati (first-person inclusive plural)
mifati (exclusive first-person plural)
nofati (second-person singular)
nifati (plural second-person)
ofati (masculine singular third-person)
ifati (masculine plural third-person)
yofati (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofati (feminine singular third-person)
ifati (feminine plural third-person)
yofati (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifati (neuter singular third-person)
ifati (neuter plural third-person)
yofati (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sanga

tosanga (first-person singular)
fosanga (first-person inclusive plural)
misanga (exclusive first-person plural)
nosanga (second-person singular)
nisanga (plural second-person)
osanga (masculine singular third-person)
isanga (masculine plural third-person)
yosanga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosanga (feminine singular third-person)
isanga (feminine plural third-person)
yosanga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isanga (neuter singular third-person)
isanga (neuter plural third-person)
yosanga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


afu

toafu (first-person singular)
foafu (first-person inclusive plural)
miafu (exclusive first-person plural)
noafu (second-person singular)
niafu (plural second-person)
oafu (masculine singular third-person)
iafu (masculine plural third-person)
yoafu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moafu (feminine singular third-person)
iafu (feminine plural third-person)
yoafu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iafu (neuter singular third-person)
iafu (neuter plural third-person)
yoafu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


na-

first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

second-person plural possessive prefix, your

(human) third-person plural possessive prefix, their


boho

toboho (first-person singular)
foboho (first-person inclusive plural)
miboho (exclusive first-person plural)
noboho (second-person singular)
niboho (plural second-person)
oboho (masculine singular third-person)
iboho (masculine plural third-person)
yoboho (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moboho (feminine singular third-person)
iboho (feminine plural third-person)
yoboho (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iboho (neuter singular third-person)
iboho (neuter plural third-person)
yoboho (archaic neuter plural third-person)


wiji

Likely from Javanese ꦮꦶꦗꦶ (wiji, “seed”) (cf. ꦮꦶꦗꦺꦤ꧀ (wijèn, “sesame seed”)), from Old Javanese wiji.


weku

toweku (first-person singular)
foweku (first-person inclusive plural)
miweku (exclusive first-person plural)
noweku (second-person singular)
niweku (plural second-person)
oweku (masculine singular third-person)
iweku (masculine plural third-person)
yoweku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moweku (feminine singular third-person)
iweku (feminine plural third-person)
yoweku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iweku (neuter singular third-person)
iweku (neuter plural third-person)
yoweku (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kuraci

tokuraci (first-person singular)
fokuraci (first-person inclusive plural)
mikuraci (exclusive first-person plural)
nokuraci (second-person singular)
nikuraci (plural second-person)
okuraci (masculine singular third-person)
ikuraci (masculine plural third-person)
yokuraci (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mokuraci (feminine singular third-person)
ikuraci (feminine plural third-person)
yokuraci (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ikuraci (neuter singular third-person)
ikuraci (neuter plural third-person)
yokuraci (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ngoni

ngoni (subject clitic ni, possessive prefix na, Jawi ڠوني)


ngoni

ngoni (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi ڠوني)

no (clitic subjective)
ni (possessive prefix)
ڠوني (Jawi)
ngon (alternative)

(formal) second-person singular pronoun, you


benga

tobenga (first-person singular)
fobenga (first-person inclusive plural)
mibenga (exclusive first-person plural)
nobenga (second-person singular)
nibenga (plural second-person)
obenga (masculine singular third-person)
ibenga (masculine plural third-person)
yobenga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobenga (feminine singular third-person)
ibenga (feminine plural third-person)
yobenga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibenga (neuter singular third-person)
ibenga (neuter plural third-person)
yobenga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bete

→ Gorontalo: bete

Colocasia antiquorum
Colocasia antiquorum


biau

tobiau (first-person singular)
fobiau (first-person inclusive plural)
mibiau (exclusive first-person plural)
nobiau (second-person singular)
nibiau (plural second-person)
obiau (masculine singular third-person)
ibiau (masculine plural third-person)
yobiau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobiau (feminine singular third-person)
ibiau (feminine plural third-person)
yobiau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibiau (neuter singular third-person)
ibiau (neuter plural third-person)
yobiau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tofo

totofo (first-person singular)
fotofo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitofo (exclusive first-person plural)
notofo (second-person singular)
nitofo (plural second-person)
otofo (masculine singular third-person)
itofo (masculine plural third-person)
yotofo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motofo (feminine singular third-person)
itofo (feminine plural third-person)
yotofo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itofo (neuter singular third-person)
itofo (neuter plural third-person)
yotofo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ube

the slender sprat (Spratelloides gracilis)

the Indian anchovy (Stolephorus indicus)


sofo

From Proto-North Halmahera *sopok (“fruit”).


sofo

tosofo (first-person singular)
fosofo (first-person inclusive plural)
misofo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosofo (second-person singular)
nisofo (plural second-person)
osofo (masculine singular third-person)
isofo (masculine plural third-person)
yosofo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosofo (feminine singular third-person)
isofo (feminine plural third-person)
yosofo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isofo (neuter singular third-person)
isofo (neuter plural third-person)
yosofo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tuko

totuko (first-person singular)
fotuko (first-person inclusive plural)
mituko (exclusive first-person plural)
notuko (second-person singular)
nituko (plural second-person)
otuko (masculine singular third-person)
ituko (masculine plural third-person)
yotuko (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuko (feminine singular third-person)
ituko (feminine plural third-person)
yotuko (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituko (neuter singular third-person)
ituko (neuter plural third-person)
yotuko (archaic neuter plural third-person)


wako

towako (first-person singular)
fowako (first-person inclusive plural)
miwako (exclusive first-person plural)
nowako (second-person singular)
niwako (plural second-person)
owako (masculine singular third-person)
iwako (masculine plural third-person)
yowako (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowako (feminine singular third-person)
iwako (feminine plural third-person)
yowako (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwako (neuter singular third-person)
iwako (neuter plural third-person)
yowako (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ajali

the limit of one's life, one's allotted lifespan


timu

totimu (first-person singular)
fotimu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitimu (exclusive first-person plural)
notimu (second-person singular)
nitimu (plural second-person)
otimu (masculine singular third-person)
itimu (masculine plural third-person)
yotimu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motimu (feminine singular third-person)
itimu (feminine plural third-person)
yotimu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itimu (neuter singular third-person)
itimu (neuter plural third-person)
yotimu (archaic neuter plural third-person)

a alternative form of timi (“to skin, peel”)


wito

towito (first-person singular)
fowito (first-person inclusive plural)
miwito (exclusive first-person plural)
nowito (second-person singular)
niwito (plural second-person)
owito (masculine singular third-person)
iwito (masculine plural third-person)
yowito (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowito (feminine singular third-person)
iwito (feminine plural third-person)
yowito (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwito (neuter singular third-person)
iwito (neuter plural third-person)
yowito (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tofore

totofore (first-person singular)
fotofore (first-person inclusive plural)
mitofore (exclusive first-person plural)
notofore (second-person singular)
nitofore (plural second-person)
otofore (masculine singular third-person)
itofore (masculine plural third-person)
yotofore (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motofore (feminine singular third-person)
itofore (feminine plural third-person)
yotofore (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itofore (neuter singular third-person)
itofore (neuter plural third-person)
yotofore (archaic neuter plural third-person)


haiwan

Etymology tree
Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān)bor.
Classical Persian حَیْوَان (haywān)bor.
Malay haiwanbor.
Ternate haiwan
Borrowed from Malay haiwan, borrowed from Classical Persian حَیْوَان (haywān), borrowed from Arabic حَيَوَان (ḥayawān).


omu

toomu (first-person singular)
foomu (first-person inclusive plural)
miomu (exclusive first-person plural)
noomu (second-person singular)
niomu (plural second-person)
oomu (masculine singular third-person)
iomu (masculine plural third-person)
yoomu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moomu (feminine singular third-person)
iomu (feminine plural third-person)
yoomu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iomu (neuter singular third-person)
iomu (neuter plural third-person)
yoomu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tibo

totibo (first-person singular)
fotibo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitibo (exclusive first-person plural)
notibo (second-person singular)
nitibo (plural second-person)
otibo (masculine singular third-person)
itibo (masculine plural third-person)
yotibo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motibo (feminine singular third-person)
itibo (feminine plural third-person)
yotibo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itibo (neuter singular third-person)
itibo (neuter plural third-person)
yotibo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sasa

tosasa (first-person singular)
fosasa (first-person inclusive plural)
misasa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosasa (second-person singular)
nisasa (plural second-person)
osasa (masculine singular third-person)
isasa (masculine plural third-person)
yosasa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosasa (feminine singular third-person)
isasa (feminine plural third-person)
yosasa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isasa (neuter singular third-person)
isasa (neuter plural third-person)
yosasa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tagetage

تاݢي تاݢي (Jawi)

Possibly cognate with Javanese ꦠꦼꦏꦶ (teki, “Cyperus rotundus”). This etymon is also possibly reflected in the Ternate takki recorded by Filet, a term which de Clercq labels "minder goed" (“not as good”).

cog

Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotundus#Translingual


wuna

towuna (first-person singular)
fowuna (first-person inclusive plural)
miwuna (exclusive first-person plural)
nowuna (second-person singular)
niwuna (plural second-person)
owuna (masculine singular third-person)
iwuna (masculine plural third-person)
yowuna (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowuna (feminine singular third-person)
iwuna (feminine plural third-person)
yowuna (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwuna (neuter singular third-person)
iwuna (neuter plural third-person)
yowuna (archaic neuter plural third-person)
huna (alternative)
una (alternative)


boki

→ Gorontalo: boki


boti

toboti (first-person singular)
foboti (first-person inclusive plural)
miboti (exclusive first-person plural)
noboti (second-person singular)
niboti (plural second-person)
oboti (masculine singular third-person)
iboti (masculine plural third-person)
yoboti (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moboti (feminine singular third-person)
iboti (feminine plural third-person)
yoboti (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iboti (neuter singular third-person)
iboti (neuter plural third-person)
yoboti (archaic neuter plural third-person)


piring

From Malay piring, from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring). Doublet of piri.


fo-

Cognate with Tehit f- (“first-person plural inclusive prefix”).

first-person plural inclusive clitic, we


talam

From Malay talam, from Tamil தளம் (taḷam).


bastel

tobastel (first-person singular)
fobastel (first-person inclusive plural)
mibastel (exclusive first-person plural)
nobastel (second-person singular)
nibastel (plural second-person)
obastel (masculine singular third-person)
ibastel (masculine plural third-person)
yobastel (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobastel (feminine singular third-person)
ibastel (feminine plural third-person)
yobastel (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibastel (neuter singular third-person)
ibastel (neuter plural third-person)
yobastel (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bidadari

From Classical Malay بيداداري, from Sanskrit विद्याधरी (vidyādharī).


sobat

From Malay sobat, from Arabic صَحَابَة (ṣaḥāba, “friend”).


tungi

totungi (first-person singular)
fotungi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitungi (exclusive first-person plural)
notungi (second-person singular)
nitungi (plural second-person)
otungi (masculine singular third-person)
itungi (masculine plural third-person)
yotungi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motungi (feminine singular third-person)
itungi (feminine plural third-person)
yotungi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itungi (neuter singular third-person)
itungi (neuter plural third-person)
yotungi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to scale, to descale (a fish, etc.)


jiko

From N- (nominalizer) + ciko (“crooked, bent”), cognate with Sahu ji'o (“bay”). However, compare also Proto-Austronesian *sikux (“elbow”).


siu

tosiu (first-person singular)
fosiu (first-person inclusive plural)
misiu (exclusive first-person plural)
nosiu (second-person singular)
nisiu (plural second-person)
osiu (masculine singular third-person)
isiu (masculine plural third-person)
yosiu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosiu (feminine singular third-person)
isiu (feminine plural third-person)
yosiu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isiu (neuter singular third-person)
isiu (neuter plural third-person)
yosiu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


asli

Borrowed from Malay asli (“original”), from Arabic أَصْلِيّ (ʔaṣliyy).


fodi

tofodi (first-person singular)
fofodi (first-person inclusive plural)
mifodi (exclusive first-person plural)
nofodi (second-person singular)
nifodi (plural second-person)
ofodi (masculine singular third-person)
ifodi (masculine plural third-person)
yofodi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofodi (feminine singular third-person)
ifodi (feminine plural third-person)
yofodi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifodi (neuter singular third-person)
ifodi (neuter plural third-person)
yofodi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sungi

tosungi (first-person singular)
fosungi (first-person inclusive plural)
misungi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosungi (second-person singular)
nisungi (plural second-person)
osungi (masculine singular third-person)
isungi (masculine plural third-person)
yosungi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosungi (feminine singular third-person)
isungi (feminine plural third-person)
yosungi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isungi (neuter singular third-person)
isungi (neuter plural third-person)
yosungi (archaic neuter plural third-person)
sung (alternative)


talat

totalat (first-person singular)
fotalat (first-person inclusive plural)
mitalat (exclusive first-person plural)
notalat (second-person singular)
nitalat (plural second-person)
otalat (masculine singular third-person)
italat (masculine plural third-person)
yotalat (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motalat (feminine singular third-person)
italat (feminine plural third-person)
yotalat (archaic feminine plural third-person)
italat (neuter singular third-person)
italat (neuter plural third-person)
yotalat (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Indonesian telat, from Dutch te (“too”) + laat (“late, tardy”).

(stative) to be late (not arriving until after an expected time)


sado

tosado (first-person singular)
fosado (first-person inclusive plural)
misado (exclusive first-person plural)
nosado (second-person singular)
nisado (plural second-person)
osado (masculine singular third-person)
isado (masculine plural third-person)
yosado (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosado (feminine singular third-person)
isado (feminine plural third-person)
yosado (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isado (neuter singular third-person)
isado (neuter plural third-person)
yosado (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) to be complete, completed, finished


teto

toteto (first-person singular)
foteto (first-person inclusive plural)
miteto (exclusive first-person plural)
noteto (second-person singular)
niteto (plural second-person)
oteto (masculine singular third-person)
iteto (masculine plural third-person)
yoteto (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moteto (feminine singular third-person)
iteto (feminine plural third-person)
yoteto (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iteto (neuter singular third-person)
iteto (neuter plural third-person)
yoteto (archaic neuter plural third-person)


wange

mawange


taji

totaji (first-person singular)
fotaji (first-person inclusive plural)
mitaji (exclusive first-person plural)
notaji (second-person singular)
nitaji (plural second-person)
otaji (masculine singular third-person)
itaji (masculine plural third-person)
yotaji (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motaji (feminine singular third-person)
itaji (feminine plural third-person)
yotaji (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itaji (neuter singular third-person)
itaji (neuter plural third-person)
yotaji (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly related to Malay taji (“a spur”).

(transitive) to stick into, to pierce, stab


raku

toraku (first-person singular)
foraku (first-person inclusive plural)
miraku (exclusive first-person plural)
noraku (second-person singular)
niraku (plural second-person)
oraku (masculine singular third-person)
iraku (masculine plural third-person)
yoraku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moraku (feminine singular third-person)
iraku (feminine plural third-person)
yoraku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iraku (neuter singular third-person)
iraku (neuter plural third-person)
yoraku (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tabi

totabi (first-person singular)
fotabi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitabi (exclusive first-person plural)
notabi (second-person singular)
nitabi (plural second-person)
otabi (masculine singular third-person)
itabi (masculine plural third-person)
yotabi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motabi (feminine singular third-person)
itabi (feminine plural third-person)
yotabi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itabi (neuter singular third-person)
itabi (neuter plural third-person)
yotabi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


silet

Borrowed from Indonesian silet, from English Gillette.


tege

totege (first-person singular)
fotege (first-person inclusive plural)
mitege (exclusive first-person plural)
notege (second-person singular)
nitege (plural second-person)
otege (masculine singular third-person)
itege (masculine plural third-person)
yotege (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motege (feminine singular third-person)
itege (feminine plural third-person)
yotege (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itege (neuter singular third-person)
itege (neuter plural third-person)
yotege (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rogi

torogi (first-person singular)
forogi (first-person inclusive plural)
mirogi (exclusive first-person plural)
norogi (second-person singular)
nirogi (plural second-person)
orogi (masculine singular third-person)
irogi (masculine plural third-person)
yorogi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morogi (feminine singular third-person)
irogi (feminine plural third-person)
yorogi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irogi (neuter singular third-person)
irogi (neuter plural third-person)
yorogi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rorum

From older rorumu, with word-final vowel deletion.

alternative form of rorumu (Heritiera littoralis)


rore

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


tigo

totigo (first-person singular)
fotigo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitigo (exclusive first-person plural)
notigo (second-person singular)
nitigo (plural second-person)
otigo (masculine singular third-person)
itigo (masculine plural third-person)
yotigo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motigo (feminine singular third-person)
itigo (feminine plural third-person)
yotigo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itigo (neuter singular third-person)
itigo (neuter plural third-person)
yotigo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tigo

Possibly assimilated from Malay tinggal. However, de Clercq lists the verbs tikah and tego of almost identical meaning, of one of which this may be a descendant.


fako

tofako (first-person singular)
fofako (first-person inclusive plural)
mifako (exclusive first-person plural)
nofako (second-person singular)
nifako (plural second-person)
ofako (masculine singular third-person)
ifako (masculine plural third-person)
yofako (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofako (feminine singular third-person)
ifako (feminine plural third-person)
yofako (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifako (neuter singular third-person)
ifako (neuter plural third-person)
yofako (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bose

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

the European black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


gani

From Proto-North Halmahera *gani (“head louse”).


futa

tofuta (first-person singular)
fofuta (first-person inclusive plural)
mifuta (exclusive first-person plural)
nofuta (second-person singular)
nifuta (plural second-person)
ofuta (masculine singular third-person)
ifuta (masculine plural third-person)
yofuta (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofuta (feminine singular third-person)
ifuta (feminine plural third-person)
yofuta (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifuta (neuter singular third-person)
ifuta (neuter plural third-person)
yofuta (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tiba

totiba (first-person singular)
fotiba (first-person inclusive plural)
mitiba (exclusive first-person plural)
notiba (second-person singular)
nitiba (plural second-person)
otiba (masculine singular third-person)
itiba (masculine plural third-person)
yotiba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motiba (feminine singular third-person)
itiba (feminine plural third-person)
yotiba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itiba (neuter singular third-person)
itiba (neuter plural third-person)
yotiba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


uku

From Proto-North Halmahera *uku (“fire”).


woma

towoma (first-person singular)
fowoma (first-person inclusive plural)
miwoma (exclusive first-person plural)
nowoma (second-person singular)
niwoma (plural second-person)
owoma (masculine singular third-person)
iwoma (masculine plural third-person)
yowoma (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowoma (feminine singular third-person)
iwoma (feminine plural third-person)
yowoma (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwoma (neuter singular third-person)
iwoma (neuter plural third-person)
yowoma (archaic neuter plural third-person)
homa (alternative)
oma (alternative)


nita

نيته (Jawi)
tonita (first-person singular)
fonita (first-person inclusive plural)
minita (exclusive first-person plural)
nonita (second-person singular)
ninita (plural second-person)
onita (masculine singular third-person)
inita (masculine plural third-person)
yonita (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monita (feminine singular third-person)
inita (feminine plural third-person)
yonita (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inita (neuter singular third-person)
inita (neuter plural third-person)
yonita (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tabako

From Portuguese tabaco, from Spanish tabaco.


sasu

tosasu (first-person singular)
fosasu (first-person inclusive plural)
misasu (exclusive first-person plural)
nosasu (second-person singular)
nisasu (plural second-person)
osasu (masculine singular third-person)
isasu (masculine plural third-person)
yosasu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosasu (feminine singular third-person)
isasu (feminine plural third-person)
yosasu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isasu (neuter singular third-person)
isasu (neuter plural third-person)
yosasu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sonoto

tosonoto (first-person singular)
fosonoto (first-person inclusive plural)
misonoto (exclusive first-person plural)
nosonoto (second-person singular)
nisonoto (plural second-person)
osonoto (masculine singular third-person)
isonoto (masculine plural third-person)
yosonoto (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosonoto (feminine singular third-person)
isonoto (feminine plural third-person)
yosonoto (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isonoto (neuter singular third-person)
isonoto (neuter plural third-person)
yosonoto (archaic neuter plural third-person)


udi

toudi (first-person singular)
foudi (first-person inclusive plural)
miudi (exclusive first-person plural)
noudi (second-person singular)
niudi (plural second-person)
oudi (masculine singular third-person)
iudi (masculine plural third-person)
youdi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moudi (feminine singular third-person)
iudi (feminine plural third-person)
youdi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iudi (neuter singular third-person)
iudi (neuter plural third-person)
youdi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


foko

tofoko (first-person singular)
fofoko (first-person inclusive plural)
mifoko (exclusive first-person plural)
nofoko (second-person singular)
nifoko (plural second-person)
ofoko (masculine singular third-person)
ifoko (masculine plural third-person)
yofoko (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofoko (feminine singular third-person)
ifoko (feminine plural third-person)
yofoko (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifoko (neuter singular third-person)
ifoko (neuter plural third-person)
yofoko (archaic neuter plural third-person)


togu

totogu (first-person singular)
fotogu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitogu (exclusive first-person plural)
notogu (second-person singular)
nitogu (plural second-person)
otogu (masculine singular third-person)
itogu (masculine plural third-person)
yotogu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motogu (feminine singular third-person)
itogu (feminine plural third-person)
yotogu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itogu (neuter singular third-person)
itogu (neuter plural third-person)
yotogu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


toku

totoku (first-person singular)
fotoku (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoku (exclusive first-person plural)
notoku (second-person singular)
nitoku (plural second-person)
otoku (masculine singular third-person)
itoku (masculine plural third-person)
yotoku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motoku (feminine singular third-person)
itoku (feminine plural third-person)
yotoku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoku (neuter singular third-person)
itoku (neuter plural third-person)
yotoku (archaic neuter plural third-person)


wato

towato (first-person singular)
fowato (first-person inclusive plural)
miwato (exclusive first-person plural)
nowato (second-person singular)
niwato (plural second-person)
owato (masculine singular third-person)
iwato (masculine plural third-person)
yowato (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowato (feminine singular third-person)
iwato (feminine plural third-person)
yowato (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwato (neuter singular third-person)
iwato (neuter plural third-person)
yowato (archaic neuter plural third-person)


salaka

From Javanese selaka, from Old Javanese salaka.


wele

towele (first-person singular)
fowele (first-person inclusive plural)
miwele (exclusive first-person plural)
nowele (second-person singular)
niwele (plural second-person)
owele (masculine singular third-person)
iwele (masculine plural third-person)
yowele (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowele (feminine singular third-person)
iwele (feminine plural third-person)
yowele (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwele (neuter singular third-person)
iwele (neuter plural third-person)
yowele (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ruku

toruku (first-person singular)
foruku (first-person inclusive plural)
miruku (exclusive first-person plural)
noruku (second-person singular)
niruku (plural second-person)
oruku (masculine singular third-person)
iruku (masculine plural third-person)
yoruku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruku (feminine singular third-person)
iruku (feminine plural third-person)
yoruku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruku (neuter singular third-person)
iruku (neuter plural third-person)
yoruku (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ahu

toahu (first-person singular)
foahu (first-person inclusive plural)
miahu (exclusive first-person plural)
noahu (second-person singular)
niahu (plural second-person)
oahu (masculine singular third-person)
iahu (masculine plural third-person)
yoahu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moahu (feminine singular third-person)
iahu (feminine plural third-person)
yoahu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iahu (neuter singular third-person)
iahu (neuter plural third-person)
yoahu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


riri

toriri (first-person singular)
foriri (first-person inclusive plural)
miriri (exclusive first-person plural)
noriri (second-person singular)
niriri (plural second-person)
oriri (masculine singular third-person)
iriri (masculine plural third-person)
yoriri (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moriri (feminine singular third-person)
iriri (feminine plural third-person)
yoriri (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iriri (neuter singular third-person)
iriri (neuter plural third-person)
yoriri (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rairai

An ox knee plant (Achyranthes bidentata)


ruru

toruru (first-person singular)
foruru (first-person inclusive plural)
miruru (exclusive first-person plural)
noruru (second-person singular)
niruru (plural second-person)
oruru (masculine singular third-person)
iruru (masculine plural third-person)
yoruru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruru (feminine singular third-person)
iruru (feminine plural third-person)
yoruru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruru (neuter singular third-person)
iruru (neuter plural third-person)
yoruru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


soro

tosoro (first-person singular)
fosoro (first-person inclusive plural)
misoro (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoro (second-person singular)
nisoro (plural second-person)
osoro (masculine singular third-person)
isoro (masculine plural third-person)
yosoro (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoro (feminine singular third-person)
isoro (feminine plural third-person)
yosoro (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoro (neuter singular third-person)
isoro (neuter plural third-person)
yosoro (archaic neuter plural third-person)


turu

toturu (first-person singular)
foturu (first-person inclusive plural)
mituru (exclusive first-person plural)
noturu (second-person singular)
nituru (plural second-person)
oturu (masculine singular third-person)
ituru (masculine plural third-person)
yoturu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moturu (feminine singular third-person)
ituru (feminine plural third-person)
yoturu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituru (neuter singular third-person)
ituru (neuter plural third-person)
yoturu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


akeake

toakeake (first-person singular)
foakeake (first-person inclusive plural)
miakeake (exclusive first-person plural)
noakeake (second-person singular)
niakeake (plural second-person)
oakeake (masculine singular third-person)
iakeake (masculine plural third-person)
yoakeake (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moakeake (feminine singular third-person)
iakeake (feminine plural third-person)
yoakeake (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iakeake (neuter singular third-person)
iakeake (neuter plural third-person)
yoakeake (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) to be watery, tasteless, bland


cabu

ngori pipi cabu mai ua


cabu

hoi ngara cabu

used to make a request or imperative sentence polite; please


susa

tosusa (first-person singular)
fosusa (first-person inclusive plural)
misusa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosusa (second-person singular)
nisusa (plural second-person)
osusa (masculine singular third-person)
isusa (masculine plural third-person)
yosusa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosusa (feminine singular third-person)
isusa (feminine plural third-person)
yosusa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isusa (neuter singular third-person)
isusa (neuter plural third-person)
yosusa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tarima

totarima (first-person singular)
fotarima (first-person inclusive plural)
mitarima (exclusive first-person plural)
notarima (second-person singular)
nitarima (plural second-person)
otarima (masculine singular third-person)
itarima (masculine plural third-person)
yotarima (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motarima (feminine singular third-person)
itarima (feminine plural third-person)
yotarima (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itarima (neuter singular third-person)
itarima (neuter plural third-person)
yotarima (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ni-

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).


ni-

second-person singular possessive pronoun, your


Ahad

From the older Ahadi, with word-final vowel deletion.


ligua

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

the Burmese rosewood, angsana (Pterocarpus indicus)


toho

totoho (first-person singular)
fotoho (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoho (exclusive first-person plural)
notoho (second-person singular)
nitoho (plural second-person)
otoho (masculine singular third-person)
itoho (masculine plural third-person)
yotoho (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motoho (feminine singular third-person)
itoho (feminine plural third-person)
yotoho (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoho (neuter singular third-person)
itoho (neuter plural third-person)
yotoho (archaic neuter plural third-person)


mi-

Cognate with Tehit m- (“first-person plural exclusive prefix”).

cog

first-person plural exclusive clitic, we

first-person plural exclusive possessive pronoun, our

(feminine) third-person singular possessive pronoun, her


ma-

(non-human) third-person singular and plural possessive prefix, its, their

haka ngori maobo

mangofa hotu


ma-

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates prolonged duration

ma- + kokehe (“to cough”) → makokehe (“to cough repeatedly”)

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates repeated action

marks certain verbal aspects
indicates habitual action

indicates an action undertaken by multiple subjects


ma-

ma- + doto (“to teach”) → madoto (“to learn”)

ma- + hodo (“to pour”) → mahodo (“to bathe”)

ma- + ngadi (“to clothe (another)”) → mangadi (“to put on clothes, to don”)


walirang

From Javanese ꦮꦼꦭꦶꦫꦁ (welirang), from Old Javanese waliraṅ.


tuala

From Malay tuala, from Portuguese toalha. Compare Tagalog tuwalya, Spanish toalla.


widu

any of several fish of the genus Kyphosus


gange

Likely contains the same element as found in raange (“three”).

two days after tomorrow
two days after tomorrow

three days after today, two days after tomorrow


hohe

tohohe (first-person singular)
fohohe (first-person inclusive plural)
mihohe (exclusive first-person plural)
nohohe (second-person singular)
nihohe (plural second-person)
ohohe (masculine singular third-person)
ihohe (masculine plural third-person)
yohohe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mohohe (feminine singular third-person)
ihohe (feminine plural third-person)
yohohe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ihohe (neuter singular third-person)
ihohe (neuter plural third-person)
yohohe (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Ngori toharahara hohe


woha

towoha (first-person singular)
fowoha (first-person inclusive plural)
miwoha (exclusive first-person plural)
nowoha (second-person singular)
niwoha (plural second-person)
owoha (masculine singular third-person)
iwoha (masculine plural third-person)
yowoha (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowoha (feminine singular third-person)
iwoha (feminine plural third-person)
yowoha (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwoha (neuter singular third-person)
iwoha (neuter plural third-person)
yowoha (archaic neuter plural third-person)


coou

چوؤ (Jawi)
tocoou (first-person singular)
focoou (first-person inclusive plural)
micoou (exclusive first-person plural)
nocoou (second-person singular)
nicoou (plural second-person)
ocoou (masculine singular third-person)
icoou (masculine plural third-person)
yocoou (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mocoou (feminine singular third-person)
icoou (feminine plural third-person)
yocoou (archaic feminine plural third-person)
icoou (neuter singular third-person)
icoou (neuter plural third-person)
yocoou (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to serve
(specifically) to serve a lord


ripo

toripo (first-person singular)
foripo (first-person inclusive plural)
miripo (exclusive first-person plural)
noripo (second-person singular)
niripo (plural second-person)
oripo (masculine singular third-person)
iripo (masculine plural third-person)
yoripo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moripo (feminine singular third-person)
iripo (feminine plural third-person)
yoripo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iripo (neuter singular third-person)
iripo (neuter plural third-person)
yoripo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sofi

tosofi (first-person singular)
fosofi (first-person inclusive plural)
misofi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosofi (second-person singular)
nisofi (plural second-person)
osofi (masculine singular third-person)
isofi (masculine plural third-person)
yosofi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosofi (feminine singular third-person)
isofi (feminine plural third-person)
yosofi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isofi (neuter singular third-person)
isofi (neuter plural third-person)
yosofi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sofi

alternative form of sofu (“dried skins of the bird of paradise”)


ingi

From Proto-North Halmahera *iŋir (“tooth”).


subu

Adapted from Classical Malay سومبو (“sumbu”) (cf. modern sumbu).


nyao

Ultimately from Proto-North Halmahera (likely of the form *ɲa(w)ok); compare Galela nawo, Tabaru naoko, Sahu nyao'o.


sukur

Reborrowed from Malay syukur, from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).

alternative form of suku (“thanks, gratitude”)


bahe

tobahe (first-person singular)
fobahe (first-person inclusive plural)
mibahe (exclusive first-person plural)
nobahe (second-person singular)
nibahe (plural second-person)
obahe (masculine singular third-person)
ibahe (masculine plural third-person)
yobahe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobahe (feminine singular third-person)
ibahe (feminine plural third-person)
yobahe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibahe (neuter singular third-person)
ibahe (neuter plural third-person)
yobahe (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From N- (transitivizer) + fahe (“to leak”).


sosoru

Partial reduplication of soru (“to go down, set”).


bukubuku

Possibly onomatopoeic; compare English boobook, said to come from its call.


bukubuku

Possibly a reduplication of buku (“hill”).


firi

tofiri (first-person singular)
fofiri (first-person inclusive plural)
mifiri (exclusive first-person plural)
nofiri (second-person singular)
nifiri (plural second-person)
ofiri (masculine singular third-person)
ifiri (masculine plural third-person)
yofiri (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofiri (feminine singular third-person)
ifiri (feminine plural third-person)
yofiri (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifiri (neuter singular third-person)
ifiri (neuter plural third-person)
yofiri (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kaso

From Proto-North Halmahera *kaso (“dog”).

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual


waro

towaro (first-person singular)
fowaro (first-person inclusive plural)
miwaro (exclusive first-person plural)
nowaro (second-person singular)
niwaro (plural second-person)
owaro (masculine singular third-person)
iwaro (masculine plural third-person)
yowaro (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowaro (feminine singular third-person)
iwaro (feminine plural third-person)
yowaro (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwaro (neuter singular third-person)
iwaro (neuter plural third-person)
yowaro (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(intransitive, transitive) to know (to be aware; to be cognizant of sth)

Ngana waro bahasa Belanda bolo ua?

(transitive) to know (to understand or have a grasp of through experience or study)


sewa

tosewa (first-person singular)
fosewa (first-person inclusive plural)
misewa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosewa (second-person singular)
nisewa (plural second-person)
osewa (masculine singular third-person)
isewa (masculine plural third-person)
yosewa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosewa (feminine singular third-person)
isewa (feminine plural third-person)
yosewa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isewa (neuter singular third-person)
isewa (neuter plural third-person)
yosewa (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay sewa, from Arabic سَاوَى (sāwā).


ruki

toruki (first-person singular)
foruki (first-person inclusive plural)
miruki (exclusive first-person plural)
noruki (second-person singular)
niruki (plural second-person)
oruki (masculine singular third-person)
iruki (masculine plural third-person)
yoruki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruki (feminine singular third-person)
iruki (feminine plural third-person)
yoruki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruki (neuter singular third-person)
iruki (neuter plural third-person)
yoruki (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ruki

(transitive) to line, to mark with a line


badu

tobadu (first-person singular)
fobadu (first-person inclusive plural)
mibadu (exclusive first-person plural)
nobadu (second-person singular)
nibadu (plural second-person)
obadu (masculine singular third-person)
ibadu (masculine plural third-person)
yobadu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobadu (feminine singular third-person)
ibadu (feminine plural third-person)
yobadu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibadu (neuter singular third-person)
ibadu (neuter plural third-person)
yobadu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ubo

Within North Halmaheran, cognate with Sahu ubolo, Loloda uboro, etc. Likely also related to Kwaio 'ufo'ufo (“female eclectus”).

Eclectus roratus
Eclectus roratus#Translingual

the female (red) eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus ssp. roratus)


adati

From Classical Malay عادت (adat), from Persian عادت ('âdat), from Arabic عَادَة (ʕāda).


tetu

totetu (first-person singular)
fotetu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitetu (exclusive first-person plural)
notetu (second-person singular)
nitetu (plural second-person)
otetu (masculine singular third-person)
itetu (masculine plural third-person)
yotetu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motetu (feminine singular third-person)
itetu (feminine plural third-person)
yotetu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itetu (neuter singular third-person)
itetu (neuter plural third-person)
yotetu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


siba

a kind of bird, some kind of small green cockatoo


tautau

totautau (first-person singular)
fotautau (first-person inclusive plural)
mitautau (exclusive first-person plural)
notautau (second-person singular)
nitautau (plural second-person)
otautau (masculine singular third-person)
itautau (masculine plural third-person)
yotautau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motautau (feminine singular third-person)
itautau (feminine plural third-person)
yotautau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itautau (neuter singular third-person)
itautau (neuter plural third-person)
yotautau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


arut

Possibly from Indonesian ararut (with haplology), ultimately from English arrowroot, from Lokono aru-aru.

Maranta arundinacea
Maranta arundinacea#Translingual


campada

چمڤادة (Jawi)

From Classical Malay چمڤدق (“cempedak”).


tadarus

From Malay tadarus, from Arabic تَدَارُس (tadārus).

the act of reciting the Quran together, usually in a mosque during Ramadan


sogo

→ North Moluccan Malay: sogo


waje

towaje (first-person singular)
fowaje (first-person inclusive plural)
miwaje (exclusive first-person plural)
nowaje (second-person singular)
niwaje (plural second-person)
owaje (masculine singular third-person)
iwaje (masculine plural third-person)
yowaje (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowaje (feminine singular third-person)
iwaje (feminine plural third-person)
yowaje (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwaje (neuter singular third-person)
iwaje (neuter plural third-person)
yowaje (archaic neuter plural third-person)

May be related to Sahu ajele (“to say”).


waje

ana iwaje waje kolano osone


wosa

towosa (first-person singular)
fowosa (first-person inclusive plural)
miwosa (exclusive first-person plural)
nowosa (second-person singular)
niwosa (plural second-person)
owosa (masculine singular third-person)
iwosa (masculine plural third-person)
yowosa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowosa (feminine singular third-person)
iwosa (feminine plural third-person)
yowosa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwosa (neuter singular third-person)
iwosa (neuter plural third-person)
yowosa (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Ngori towosa pesta

(transitive) to go to, to attend an event, etc.


siafu

Cognate with Sahu siau, Galela siapu, Loloda siau.

Dioscorea esculenta
Dioscorea esculenta#Translingual

the plant Dioscorea esculenta var. tiliifolia


siafu

tosiafu (first-person singular)
fosiafu (first-person inclusive plural)
misiafu (exclusive first-person plural)
nosiafu (second-person singular)
nisiafu (plural second-person)
osiafu (masculine singular third-person)
isiafu (masculine plural third-person)
yosiafu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosiafu (feminine singular third-person)
isiafu (feminine plural third-person)
yosiafu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isiafu (neuter singular third-person)
isiafu (neuter plural third-person)
yosiafu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


jaha

mie majaha


jaha

جاة (Jawi)
tojaha (first-person singular)
fojaha (first-person inclusive plural)
mijaha (exclusive first-person plural)
nojaha (second-person singular)
nijaha (plural second-person)
ojaha (masculine singular third-person)
ijaha (masculine plural third-person)
yojaha (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mojaha (feminine singular third-person)
ijaha (feminine plural third-person)
yojaha (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ijaha (neuter singular third-person)
ijaha (neuter plural third-person)
yojaha (archaic neuter plural third-person)


N-

Similar to processes found in a number of North Halmaheran languages.

N- + ahu (“to grow”) → gahu (“a sprout”)

N- + ciko (“crooked”) → jiko (“corner, elbow, bay”)

N- + fesa (“wet”) → besa (“rain”)

N- + hahe (“to pull in”) → ngahe (“high tide”)

N- + kuraci (“yellow”) → guraci (“gold, turmeric”)

N- + tolabane (“to take passage (on a boat, etc.)”) → dolabane (“shipload”)

N- + waje (“to say”) → ngajengaje (“story”) (with reduplication)

N- + ari (“to cry”) → gari (“to mourn, to cry for”)

N- + fahe (“to leak”) → bahe (“to spread”)

N- + firi (“to make way”) → biri (“to take with”)

N- + ise (“to hear”) → gise (“to listen to”)

N- + himo (“old, old person”) → ngimo (“old”)

N- + hohi (“to count (something)”) → nyonyohi (“to heed (someone's) advice”)

N- + pala (“to rise”) → bala (“to float up”)

N- + tero (“to make a hit”) → dero (“to make a hit”)

N- + hagi (“debt, claim”) → nyagi (“debt”)


talaga

From Malay telaga, from Sanskrit तलक (talaka, “pond”), तडाग (taḍāga, “pond”).


ngun

From the older ngunu, with word-final vowel deletion.


fifi

tofifi (first-person singular)
fofifi (first-person inclusive plural)
mififi (exclusive first-person plural)
nofifi (second-person singular)
nififi (plural second-person)
ofifi (masculine singular third-person)
ififi (masculine plural third-person)
yofifi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofifi (feminine singular third-person)
ififi (feminine plural third-person)
yofifi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ififi (neuter singular third-person)
ififi (neuter plural third-person)
yofifi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Cognate to Galela pipi, Tabaru wiwisi, Sahu ḇowisi, Tobelo hihihi (Heleworuru), and possibly Tobelo fififi (Boeng).


sigi

Probably from Classical Malay مسيݢيت (mesigit), from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid). The initial ma was likely reinterpreted as the possessive.

isidego lolahi toma sigi


rante

From Malay rantai, likely through North Moluccan Malay.


Salasa

From Malay Selasa, from Arabic الثَلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ).

der

Arabic الثَلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯalāṯāʔ)


Saptu

From Malay Sabtu, from Arabic السَبْت (as-sabt).


sauba

a wooden box for holding betelnut, areca fruit, tobacco, etc.


soki

the large-leafed orange mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorhiza)


uci

touci (first-person singular)
fouci (first-person inclusive plural)
miuci (exclusive first-person plural)
nouci (second-person singular)
niuci (plural second-person)
ouci (masculine singular third-person)
iuci (masculine plural third-person)
youci (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouci (feminine singular third-person)
iuci (feminine plural third-person)
youci (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuci (neuter singular third-person)
iuci (neuter plural third-person)
youci (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kusu

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica#Translingual

alang-alang, kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica)


wudi

Possibly from Javanese wuri (“rear, behind”). Compare Malay buritan (“stern”), from burit (“rear”) and Buginese uri' (“rear, stern”).


tarusi

any of several fish (mackerels) in the genus Scomberomorus


tumu

totumu (first-person singular)
fotumu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitumu (exclusive first-person plural)
notumu (second-person singular)
nitumu (plural second-person)
otumu (masculine singular third-person)
itumu (masculine plural third-person)
yotumu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motumu (feminine singular third-person)
itumu (feminine plural third-person)
yotumu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itumu (neuter singular third-person)
itumu (neuter plural third-person)
yotumu (archaic neuter plural third-person)
tum (alternative)

(intransitive) to dive; to leap down from a high place


sibuk

tosibuk (first-person singular)
fosibuk (first-person inclusive plural)
misibuk (exclusive first-person plural)
nosibuk (second-person singular)
nisibuk (plural second-person)
osibuk (masculine singular third-person)
isibuk (masculine plural third-person)
yosibuk (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosibuk (feminine singular third-person)
isibuk (feminine plural third-person)
yosibuk (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isibuk (neuter singular third-person)
isibuk (neuter plural third-person)
yosibuk (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sabong

From Malay sabun, likely through North Moluccan Malay, from Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn) or Portuguese sabão, both ultimately from Latin sapō.

Arabic صَابُون (ṣābūn)


butu

tobutu (first-person singular)
fobutu (first-person inclusive plural)
mibutu (exclusive first-person plural)
nobutu (second-person singular)
nibutu (plural second-person)
obutu (masculine singular third-person)
ibutu (masculine plural third-person)
yobutu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobutu (feminine singular third-person)
ibutu (feminine plural third-person)
yobutu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibutu (neuter singular third-person)
ibutu (neuter plural third-person)
yobutu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


yaha

toyaha (first-person singular)
foyaha (first-person inclusive plural)
miyaha (exclusive first-person plural)
noyaha (second-person singular)
niyaha (plural second-person)
oyaha (masculine singular third-person)
iyaha (masculine plural third-person)
yoyaha (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moyaha (feminine singular third-person)
iyaha (feminine plural third-person)
yoyaha (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iyaha (neuter singular third-person)
iyaha (neuter plural third-person)
yoyaha (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nga-

first-person plural inclusive possessive prefix, our

third-person plural possessive prefix, their


tiana

totiana (first-person singular)
fotiana (first-person inclusive plural)
mitiana (exclusive first-person plural)
notiana (second-person singular)
nitiana (plural second-person)
otiana (masculine singular third-person)
itiana (masculine plural third-person)
yotiana (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motiana (feminine singular third-person)
itiana (feminine plural third-person)
yotiana (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itiana (neuter singular third-person)
itiana (neuter plural third-person)
yotiana (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyanyi

tonyanyi (first-person singular)
fonyanyi (first-person inclusive plural)
minyanyi (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyanyi (second-person singular)
ninyanyi (plural second-person)
onyanyi (masculine singular third-person)
inyanyi (masculine plural third-person)
yonyanyi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyanyi (feminine singular third-person)
inyanyi (feminine plural third-person)
yonyanyi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyanyi (neuter singular third-person)
inyanyi (neuter plural third-person)
yonyanyi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


mawu

tomawu (first-person singular)
fomawu (first-person inclusive plural)
mimawu (exclusive first-person plural)
nomawu (second-person singular)
nimawu (plural second-person)
omawu (masculine singular third-person)
imawu (masculine plural third-person)
yomawu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momawu (feminine singular third-person)
imawu (feminine plural third-person)
yomawu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imawu (neuter singular third-person)
imawu (neuter plural third-person)
yomawu (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) alternative form of mau (“to want”)


ruju

toruju (first-person singular)
foruju (first-person inclusive plural)
miruju (exclusive first-person plural)
noruju (second-person singular)
niruju (plural second-person)
oruju (masculine singular third-person)
iruju (masculine plural third-person)
yoruju (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruju (feminine singular third-person)
iruju (feminine plural third-person)
yoruju (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruju (neuter singular third-person)
iruju (neuter plural third-person)
yoruju (archaic neuter plural third-person)


dowora

دووراة (Jawi)


sasi

tosasi (first-person singular)
fosasi (first-person inclusive plural)
misasi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosasi (second-person singular)
nisasi (plural second-person)
osasi (masculine singular third-person)
isasi (masculine plural third-person)
yosasi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosasi (feminine singular third-person)
isasi (feminine plural third-person)
yosasi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isasi (neuter singular third-person)
isasi (neuter plural third-person)
yosasi (archaic neuter plural third-person)