are

toare (first-person singular)
foare (first-person inclusive plural)
miare (exclusive first-person plural)
noare (second-person singular)
niare (plural second-person)
oare (masculine singular third-person)
iare (masculine plural third-person)
yoare (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moare (feminine singular third-person)
iare (feminine plural third-person)
yoare (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iare (neuter singular third-person)
iare (neuter plural third-person)
yoare (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tago

totago (first-person singular)
fotago (first-person inclusive plural)
mitago (exclusive first-person plural)
notago (second-person singular)
nitago (plural second-person)
otago (masculine singular third-person)
itago (masculine plural third-person)
yotago (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motago (feminine singular third-person)
itago (feminine plural third-person)
yotago (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itago (neuter singular third-person)
itago (neuter plural third-person)
yotago (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fere

فيري (Jawi)
tofere (first-person singular)
fofere (first-person inclusive plural)
mifere (exclusive first-person plural)
nofere (second-person singular)
nifere (plural second-person)
ofere (masculine singular third-person)
ifere (masculine plural third-person)
yofere (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofere (feminine singular third-person)
ifere (feminine plural third-person)
yofere (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifere (neuter singular third-person)
ifere (neuter plural third-person)
yofere (archaic neuter plural third-person)

ana ifere toma kadato

(intransitive, of the Sultan's palace) to go, go to, enter


fero

tofero (first-person singular)
fofero (first-person inclusive plural)
mifero (exclusive first-person plural)
nofero (second-person singular)
nifero (plural second-person)
ofero (masculine singular third-person)
ifero (masculine plural third-person)
yofero (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofero (feminine singular third-person)
ifero (feminine plural third-person)
yofero (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifero (neuter singular third-person)
ifero (neuter plural third-person)
yofero (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tuba

totuba (first-person singular)
fotuba (first-person inclusive plural)
mituba (exclusive first-person plural)
notuba (second-person singular)
nituba (plural second-person)
otuba (masculine singular third-person)
ituba (masculine plural third-person)
yotuba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuba (feminine singular third-person)
ituba (feminine plural third-person)
yotuba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituba (neuter singular third-person)
ituba (neuter plural third-person)
yotuba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


el

toel (first-person singular)
foel (first-person inclusive plural)
miel (exclusive first-person plural)
noel (second-person singular)
niel (plural second-person)
oel (masculine singular third-person)
iel (masculine plural third-person)
yoel (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moel (feminine singular third-person)
iel (feminine plural third-person)
yoel (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iel (neuter singular third-person)
iel (neuter plural third-person)
yoel (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ate

toate (first-person singular)
foate (first-person inclusive plural)
miate (exclusive first-person plural)
noate (second-person singular)
niate (plural second-person)
oate (masculine singular third-person)
iate (masculine plural third-person)
yoate (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moate (feminine singular third-person)
iate (feminine plural third-person)
yoate (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iate (neuter singular third-person)
iate (neuter plural third-person)
yoate (archaic neuter plural third-person)


upas

Ultimately from Dutch oppas, possibly through Indonesian.


tutu

totutu (first-person singular)
fotutu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitutu (exclusive first-person plural)
notutu (second-person singular)
nitutu (plural second-person)
otutu (masculine singular third-person)
itutu (masculine plural third-person)
yotutu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motutu (feminine singular third-person)
itutu (feminine plural third-person)
yotutu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itutu (neuter singular third-person)
itutu (neuter plural third-person)
yotutu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


om

toom (first-person singular)
foom (first-person inclusive plural)
miom (exclusive first-person plural)
noom (second-person singular)
niom (plural second-person)
oom (masculine singular third-person)
iom (masculine plural third-person)
yoom (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moom (feminine singular third-person)
iom (feminine plural third-person)
yoom (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iom (neuter singular third-person)
iom (neuter plural third-person)
yoom (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From the older omu, with word-final vowel deletion.

(stative) alternative form of omu (“ripe”)


alo

toalo (first-person singular)
foalo (first-person inclusive plural)
mialo (exclusive first-person plural)
noalo (second-person singular)
nialo (plural second-person)
oalo (masculine singular third-person)
ialo (masculine plural third-person)
yoalo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moalo (feminine singular third-person)
ialo (feminine plural third-person)
yoalo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ialo (neuter singular third-person)
ialo (neuter plural third-person)
yoalo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *'alo ("cold").

ake alo


bai

tobai (first-person singular)
fobai (first-person inclusive plural)
mibai (exclusive first-person plural)
nobai (second-person singular)
nibai (plural second-person)
obai (masculine singular third-person)
ibai (masculine plural third-person)
yobai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobai (feminine singular third-person)
ibai (feminine plural third-person)
yobai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibai (neuter singular third-person)
ibai (neuter plural third-person)
yobai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bai

any of species Etelis carbunculus and Etelis radiosus of snappers.


uba

From Malay ubat (“gunpowder”). Compare with Indonesian obat.


suka

tosuka (first-person singular)
fosuka (first-person inclusive plural)
misuka (exclusive first-person plural)
nosuka (second-person singular)
nisuka (plural second-person)
osuka (masculine singular third-person)
isuka (masculine plural third-person)
yosuka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosuka (feminine singular third-person)
isuka (feminine plural third-person)
yosuka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isuka (neuter singular third-person)
isuka (neuter plural third-person)
yosuka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


suka

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.


aku

أكو (Jawi)
toaku (first-person singular)
foaku (first-person inclusive plural)
miaku (exclusive first-person plural)
noaku (second-person singular)
niaku (plural second-person)
oaku (masculine singular third-person)
iaku (masculine plural third-person)
yoaku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaku (feminine singular third-person)
iaku (feminine plural third-person)
yoaku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaku (neuter singular third-person)
iaku (neuter plural third-person)
yoaku (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Ultimately from Proto-North Halmahera (likely of the form *akun); compare Loloda akunu, Sahu nga'unu (with N- prefixation), Pagu akun.

أكو ؤواه سکالي٢ أن إهورو سسيره

it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier

una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua

ngone fosabea ge aku


rata

torata (first-person singular)
forata (first-person inclusive plural)
mirata (exclusive first-person plural)
norata (second-person singular)
nirata (plural second-person)
orata (masculine singular third-person)
irata (masculine plural third-person)
yorata (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morata (feminine singular third-person)
irata (feminine plural third-person)
yorata (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irata (neuter singular third-person)
irata (neuter plural third-person)
yorata (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly from Malay rata (“level, flat”).


sama

Externally, compare North Moluccan Malay sema.


sama

Compare Tidore soma, Sahu samama (“crocodile”).


sung

tosung (first-person singular)
fosung (first-person inclusive plural)
misung (exclusive first-person plural)
nosung (second-person singular)
nisung (plural second-person)
osung (masculine singular third-person)
isung (masculine plural third-person)
yosung (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosung (feminine singular third-person)
isung (feminine plural third-person)
yosung (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isung (neuter singular third-person)
isung (neuter plural third-person)
yosung (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tore

totore (first-person singular)
fotore (first-person inclusive plural)
mitore (exclusive first-person plural)
notore (second-person singular)
nitore (plural second-person)
otore (masculine singular third-person)
itore (masculine plural third-person)
yotore (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motore (feminine singular third-person)
itore (feminine plural third-person)
yotore (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itore (neuter singular third-person)
itore (neuter plural third-person)
yotore (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ram

toram (first-person singular)
foram (first-person inclusive plural)
miram (exclusive first-person plural)
noram (second-person singular)
niram (plural second-person)
oram (masculine singular third-person)
iram (masculine plural third-person)
yoram (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moram (feminine singular third-person)
iram (feminine plural third-person)
yoram (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iram (neuter singular third-person)
iram (neuter plural third-person)
yoram (archaic neuter plural third-person)


o-

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

cog

(masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific


sango

ساڠو (Jawi)
tosango (first-person singular)
fosango (first-person inclusive plural)
misango (exclusive first-person plural)
nosango (second-person singular)
nisango (plural second-person)
osango (masculine singular third-person)
isango (masculine plural third-person)
yosango (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosango (feminine singular third-person)
isango (feminine plural third-person)
yosango (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isango (neuter singular third-person)
isango (neuter plural third-person)
yosango (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tare

totare (first-person singular)
fotare (first-person inclusive plural)
mitare (exclusive first-person plural)
notare (second-person singular)
nitare (plural second-person)
otare (masculine singular third-person)
itare (masculine plural third-person)
yotare (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motare (feminine singular third-person)
itare (feminine plural third-person)
yotare (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itare (neuter singular third-person)
itare (neuter plural third-person)
yotare (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ne

namo ne


ne

ngori tomau ne

ne foke


au

From Proto-North Halmahera *aun (“blood”).


ge

namo ge


ge

ngori tomau ge

ge foke


se

ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru

I go to the market with my younger sibling

tabu se usipera

instrumental preposition: with, by, using


se

tohida riyaya se ribaba

bobato nyagimoi se tofkange


side

Cognate with Sahu sidete (“sail, to sail”).


side

toside (first-person singular)
foside (first-person inclusive plural)
miside (exclusive first-person plural)
noside (second-person singular)
niside (plural second-person)
oside (masculine singular third-person)
iside (masculine plural third-person)
yoside (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moside (feminine singular third-person)
iside (feminine plural third-person)
yoside (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iside (neuter singular third-person)
iside (neuter plural third-person)
yoside (archaic neuter plural third-person)
sidi (alternative)


tau

totau (first-person singular)
fotau (first-person inclusive plural)
mitau (exclusive first-person plural)
notau (second-person singular)
nitau (plural second-person)
otau (masculine singular third-person)
itau (masculine plural third-person)
yotau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motau (feminine singular third-person)
itau (feminine plural third-person)
yotau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itau (neuter singular third-person)
itau (neuter plural third-person)
yotau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


je

ana iwaje je kolano osone

alternative form of waje (“complementizer, that”)


mango

tomango (first-person singular)
fomango (first-person inclusive plural)
mimango (exclusive first-person plural)
nomango (second-person singular)
nimango (plural second-person)
omango (masculine singular third-person)
imango (masculine plural third-person)
yomango (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momango (feminine singular third-person)
imango (feminine plural third-person)
yomango (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imango (neuter singular third-person)
imango (neuter plural third-person)
yomango (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ton

alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)


topo

totopo (first-person singular)
fotopo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitopo (exclusive first-person plural)
notopo (second-person singular)
nitopo (plural second-person)
otopo (masculine singular third-person)
itopo (masculine plural third-person)
yotopo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motopo (feminine singular third-person)
itopo (feminine plural third-person)
yotopo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itopo (neuter singular third-person)
itopo (neuter plural third-person)
yotopo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *topok (“to pierce”).

inh

(transitive) to stick into, to stab, pierce


tom

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (tom), from Old Javanese tom, from Proto-Malayic *tarum.

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


hai

Cognate with West Makian fai (“millipede”).


som

tosom (first-person singular)
fosom (first-person inclusive plural)
misom (exclusive first-person plural)
nosom (second-person singular)
nisom (plural second-person)
osom (masculine singular third-person)
isom (masculine plural third-person)
yosom (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosom (feminine singular third-person)
isom (feminine plural third-person)
yosom (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isom (neuter singular third-person)
isom (neuter plural third-person)
yosom (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tale

totale (first-person singular)
fotale (first-person inclusive plural)
mitale (exclusive first-person plural)
notale (second-person singular)
nitale (plural second-person)
otale (masculine singular third-person)
itale (masculine plural third-person)
yotale (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motale (feminine singular third-person)
itale (feminine plural third-person)
yotale (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itale (neuter singular third-person)
itale (neuter plural third-person)
yotale (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ado

toado (first-person singular)
foado (first-person inclusive plural)
miado (exclusive first-person plural)
noado (second-person singular)
niado (plural second-person)
oado (masculine singular third-person)
iado (masculine plural third-person)
yoado (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moado (feminine singular third-person)
iado (feminine plural third-person)
yoado (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iado (neuter singular third-person)
iado (neuter plural third-person)
yoado (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ale

toale (first-person singular)
foale (first-person inclusive plural)
miale (exclusive first-person plural)
noale (second-person singular)
niale (plural second-person)
oale (masculine singular third-person)
iale (masculine plural third-person)
yoale (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moale (feminine singular third-person)
iale (feminine plural third-person)
yoale (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iale (neuter singular third-person)
iale (neuter plural third-person)
yoale (archaic neuter plural third-person)


coklat

Borrowed from Malay coklat, from English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate, from Nahuatl. Possibly influenced by Indonesian cokelat.

coklat:


baju

From Malay baju, from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū).


biu

traditional medicine
traditional medicine


mau

tomau (first-person singular)
fomau (first-person inclusive plural)
mimau (exclusive first-person plural)
nomau (second-person singular)
nimau (plural second-person)
omau (masculine singular third-person)
imau (masculine plural third-person)
yomau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momau (feminine singular third-person)
imau (feminine plural third-person)
yomau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imau (neuter singular third-person)
imau (neuter plural third-person)
yomau (archaic neuter plural third-person)
mawu (alternative)


kamar

Borrowed from Indonesian kamar, from Dutch kamer, from Middle Dutch camere, from Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vault”).


waktu

From Malay waktu, from Arabic وَقْت (waqt).


babu

بابو (Jawi)
tobabu (first-person singular)
fobabu (first-person inclusive plural)
mibabu (exclusive first-person plural)
nobabu (second-person singular)
nibabu (plural second-person)
obabu (masculine singular third-person)
ibabu (masculine plural third-person)
yobabu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobabu (feminine singular third-person)
ibabu (feminine plural third-person)
yobabu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibabu (neuter singular third-person)
ibabu (neuter plural third-person)
yobabu (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Cognate to Galela babu, unless the Galela is borrowed from Ternate.

ngofa ibabu

إبابو تم کاه


gila

togila (first-person singular)
fogila (first-person inclusive plural)
migila (exclusive first-person plural)
nogila (second-person singular)
nigila (plural second-person)
ogila (masculine singular third-person)
igila (masculine plural third-person)
yogila (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mogila (feminine singular third-person)
igila (feminine plural third-person)
yogila (archaic feminine plural third-person)
igila (neuter singular third-person)
igila (neuter plural third-person)
yogila (archaic neuter plural third-person)

gumi ge igila


yang

pangkat yang gaku

ngofa halal yang manyirah

oto yang ikuraci ngori ri die


use

touse (first-person singular)
fouse (first-person inclusive plural)
miuse (exclusive first-person plural)
nouse (second-person singular)
niuse (plural second-person)
ouse (masculine singular third-person)
iuse (masculine plural third-person)
youse (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouse (feminine singular third-person)
iuse (feminine plural third-person)
youse (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuse (neuter singular third-person)
iuse (neuter plural third-person)
youse (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tee

Likely from Malay teh, from Hokkien 茶 (tê) (Amoy dialect)


tera

totera (first-person singular)
fotera (first-person inclusive plural)
mitera (exclusive first-person plural)
notera (second-person singular)
nitera (plural second-person)
otera (masculine singular third-person)
itera (masculine plural third-person)
yotera (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motera (feminine singular third-person)
itera (feminine plural third-person)
yotera (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itera (neuter singular third-person)
itera (neuter plural third-person)
yotera (archaic neuter plural third-person)


baca

tobaca (first-person singular)
fobaca (first-person inclusive plural)
mibaca (exclusive first-person plural)
nobaca (second-person singular)
nibaca (plural second-person)
obaca (masculine singular third-person)
ibaca (masculine plural third-person)
yobaca (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobaca (feminine singular third-person)
ibaca (feminine plural third-person)
yobaca (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibaca (neuter singular third-person)
ibaca (neuter plural third-person)
yobaca (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bicara

بيچاره (Jawi)
tobicara (first-person singular)
fobicara (first-person inclusive plural)
mibicara (exclusive first-person plural)
nobicara (second-person singular)
nibicara (plural second-person)
obicara (masculine singular third-person)
ibicara (masculine plural third-person)
yobicara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobicara (feminine singular third-person)
ibicara (feminine plural third-person)
yobicara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibicara (neuter singular third-person)
ibicara (neuter plural third-person)
yobicara (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sai

tosai (first-person singular)
fosai (first-person inclusive plural)
misai (exclusive first-person plural)
nosai (second-person singular)
nisai (plural second-person)
osai (masculine singular third-person)
isai (masculine plural third-person)
yosai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosai (feminine singular third-person)
isai (feminine plural third-person)
yosai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isai (neuter singular third-person)
isai (neuter plural third-person)
yosai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


uni

touni (first-person singular)
founi (first-person inclusive plural)
miuni (exclusive first-person plural)
nouni (second-person singular)
niuni (plural second-person)
ouni (masculine singular third-person)
iuni (masculine plural third-person)
youni (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouni (feminine singular third-person)
iuni (feminine plural third-person)
youni (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuni (neuter singular third-person)
iuni (neuter plural third-person)
youni (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) alternative form of wuni (“to watch”)


ua

mina motika mifala ua

ibadan saki ua

ngasisioko giki bariman bato simara ibingun ua

aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira


bue

tobue (first-person singular)
fobue (first-person inclusive plural)
mibue (exclusive first-person plural)
nobue (second-person singular)
nibue (plural second-person)
obue (masculine singular third-person)
ibue (masculine plural third-person)
yobue (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobue (feminine singular third-person)
ibue (feminine plural third-person)
yobue (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibue (neuter singular third-person)
ibue (neuter plural third-person)
yobue (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay buai, through North Moluccan Malay.


seba

toseba (first-person singular)
foseba (first-person inclusive plural)
miseba (exclusive first-person plural)
noseba (second-person singular)
niseba (plural second-person)
oseba (masculine singular third-person)
iseba (masculine plural third-person)
yoseba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moseba (feminine singular third-person)
iseba (feminine plural third-person)
yoseba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iseba (neuter singular third-person)
iseba (neuter plural third-person)
yoseba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


saha

Compare West Makian safat and Sahu sata, both meaning "palm of hand, sole of foot".

kaus masaha

(inalienable) the underside or under-surface of something

gia masaha

hohu masaha


rok

From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.


toki

totoki (first-person singular)
fotoki (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoki (exclusive first-person plural)
notoki (second-person singular)
nitoki (plural second-person)
otoki (masculine singular third-person)
itoki (masculine plural third-person)
yotoki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motoki (feminine singular third-person)
itoki (feminine plural third-person)
yotoki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoki (neuter singular third-person)
itoki (neuter plural third-person)
yotoki (archaic neuter plural third-person)

→ North Moluccan Malay: toki

(intransitive) to knock (on a door, etc.)


abo

toabo (first-person singular)
foabo (first-person inclusive plural)
miabo (exclusive first-person plural)
noabo (second-person singular)
niabo (plural second-person)
oabo (masculine singular third-person)
iabo (masculine plural third-person)
yoabo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moabo (feminine singular third-person)
iabo (feminine plural third-person)
yoabo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iabo (neuter singular third-person)
iabo (neuter plural third-person)
yoabo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


gate

From Proto-North Halmahera *gate (“liver”). Compare Tidore gate.


hate

Does not continue Proto-North Halmahera *gota (“tree”). However, compare Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar *hate ("tree").


cou

tocou (first-person singular)
focou (first-person inclusive plural)
micou (exclusive first-person plural)
nocou (second-person singular)
nicou (plural second-person)
ocou (masculine singular third-person)
icou (masculine plural third-person)
yocou (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mocou (feminine singular third-person)
icou (feminine plural third-person)
yocou (archaic feminine plural third-person)
icou (neuter singular third-person)
icou (neuter plural third-person)
yocou (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) alternative spelling of coou (“to serve”)


una

head

una (subject clitic o, possessive prefix i, Jawi ؤن)

o (clitic subjective)
i (possessive prefix)
ؤن (Jawi)

(masculine) third-person singular pronoun, he


tata

May be the same as the second etymology.


tata

a kind of cylindrical basket generally made of bamboo strips, historically used to transport fruit and betel nut


ruka

toruka (first-person singular)
foruka (first-person inclusive plural)
miruka (exclusive first-person plural)
noruka (second-person singular)
niruka (plural second-person)
oruka (masculine singular third-person)
iruka (masculine plural third-person)
yoruka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruka (feminine singular third-person)
iruka (feminine plural third-person)
yoruka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruka (neuter singular third-person)
iruka (neuter plural third-person)
yoruka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tubo

totubo (first-person singular)
fotubo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitubo (exclusive first-person plural)
notubo (second-person singular)
nitubo (plural second-person)
otubo (masculine singular third-person)
itubo (masculine plural third-person)
yotubo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motubo (feminine singular third-person)
itubo (feminine plural third-person)
yotubo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itubo (neuter singular third-person)
itubo (neuter plural third-person)
yotubo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyala

tonyala (first-person singular)
fonyala (first-person inclusive plural)
minyala (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyala (second-person singular)
ninyala (plural second-person)
onyala (masculine singular third-person)
inyala (masculine plural third-person)
yonyala (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyala (feminine singular third-person)
inyala (feminine plural third-person)
yonyala (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyala (neuter singular third-person)
inyala (neuter plural third-person)
yonyala (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tuo

totuo (first-person singular)
fotuo (first-person inclusive plural)
mituo (exclusive first-person plural)
notuo (second-person singular)
nituo (plural second-person)
otuo (masculine singular third-person)
ituo (masculine plural third-person)
yotuo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuo (feminine singular third-person)
ituo (feminine plural third-person)
yotuo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituo (neuter singular third-person)
ituo (neuter plural third-person)
yotuo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to pull out, to pull outside, to drag out


bira

Probably from Austronesian; compare Proto-Sangiric *biʀas ("rice"). Compare to Indonesian beras.


wari

towari (first-person singular)
fowari (first-person inclusive plural)
miwari (exclusive first-person plural)
nowari (second-person singular)
niwari (plural second-person)
owari (masculine singular third-person)
iwari (masculine plural third-person)
yowari (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowari (feminine singular third-person)
iwari (feminine plural third-person)
yowari (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwari (neuter singular third-person)
iwari (neuter plural third-person)
yowari (archaic neuter plural third-person)


amo

→ Gorontalo: amo

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

the breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis)


amo

toamo (first-person singular)
foamo (first-person inclusive plural)
miamo (exclusive first-person plural)
noamo (second-person singular)
niamo (plural second-person)
oamo (masculine singular third-person)
iamo (masculine plural third-person)
yoamo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moamo (feminine singular third-person)
iamo (feminine plural third-person)
yoamo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iamo (neuter singular third-person)
iamo (neuter plural third-person)
yoamo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) to be thick, viscous (of liquids)


surat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Proto-Malayic *surat.


ana

ana (subject clitic i, possessive prefix na or nga, Jawi أن)

i (clitic subjective)
nga (possessive prefix)
أن (Jawi)

(human groups) third-person plural pronoun, they

ginado se ana

(polite, unknown gender) third-person singular pronoun, he, she, the singular they

ana Nutfah

Nutfah and them (family, the people she's with, etc.)

preceding a name, indicates a family or group of people


gam

From the older gamu, with word-final vowel deletion.


tapa

totapa (first-person singular)
fotapa (first-person inclusive plural)
mitapa (exclusive first-person plural)
notapa (second-person singular)
nitapa (plural second-person)
otapa (masculine singular third-person)
itapa (masculine plural third-person)
yotapa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motapa (feminine singular third-person)
itapa (feminine plural third-person)
yotapa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itapa (neuter singular third-person)
itapa (neuter plural third-person)
yotapa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tas

From Indonesian tas, from Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tasche, Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ.


wale

towale (first-person singular)
fowale (first-person inclusive plural)
miwale (exclusive first-person plural)
nowale (second-person singular)
niwale (plural second-person)
owale (masculine singular third-person)
iwale (masculine plural third-person)
yowale (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowale (feminine singular third-person)
iwale (feminine plural third-person)
yowale (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwale (neuter singular third-person)
iwale (neuter plural third-person)
yowale (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rapu

torapu (first-person singular)
forapu (first-person inclusive plural)
mirapu (exclusive first-person plural)
norapu (second-person singular)
nirapu (plural second-person)
orapu (masculine singular third-person)
irapu (masculine plural third-person)
yorapu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morapu (feminine singular third-person)
irapu (feminine plural third-person)
yorapu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irapu (neuter singular third-person)
irapu (neuter plural third-person)
yorapu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


mai

botoboto mai ioho, lado mai ioho

they even ate grasshoppers, they even ate eels

ngofa-ngofa amoi ua mai kado

ngori pipi cabu mai ua


pipi

Within North-Halmaheran, cognate with Tidore pipi and Sahu pipisi. Externally, see Balinese ᬧᬶᬧᬶᬲ᭄ (pipis).


sia

tosia (first-person singular)
fosia (first-person inclusive plural)
misia (exclusive first-person plural)
nosia (second-person singular)
nisia (plural second-person)
osia (masculine singular third-person)
isia (masculine plural third-person)
yosia (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosia (feminine singular third-person)
isia (feminine plural third-person)
yosia (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isia (neuter singular third-person)
isia (neuter plural third-person)
yosia (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to draw water (from a well, etc.)


rame

torame (first-person singular)
forame (first-person inclusive plural)
mirame (exclusive first-person plural)
norame (second-person singular)
nirame (plural second-person)
orame (masculine singular third-person)
irame (masculine plural third-person)
yorame (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morame (feminine singular third-person)
irame (feminine plural third-person)
yorame (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irame (neuter singular third-person)
irame (neuter plural third-person)
yorame (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From North Moluccan Malay rame, from Malay ramai. The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + rame, which produces no change on the initial consonant.


tai

totai (first-person singular)
fotai (first-person inclusive plural)
mitai (exclusive first-person plural)
notai (second-person singular)
nitai (plural second-person)
otai (masculine singular third-person)
itai (masculine plural third-person)
yotai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motai (feminine singular third-person)
itai (feminine plural third-person)
yotai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itai (neuter singular third-person)
itai (neuter plural third-person)
yotai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


aka

toaka (first-person singular)
foaka (first-person inclusive plural)
miaka (exclusive first-person plural)
noaka (second-person singular)
niaka (plural second-person)
oaka (masculine singular third-person)
iaka (masculine plural third-person)
yoaka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaka (feminine singular third-person)
iaka (feminine plural third-person)
yoaka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaka (neuter singular third-person)
iaka (neuter plural third-person)
yoaka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sala

tosala (first-person singular)
fosala (first-person inclusive plural)
misala (exclusive first-person plural)
nosala (second-person singular)
nisala (plural second-person)
osala (masculine singular third-person)
isala (masculine plural third-person)
yosala (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosala (feminine singular third-person)
isala (feminine plural third-person)
yosala (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isala (neuter singular third-person)
isala (neuter plural third-person)
yosala (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sore

tosore (first-person singular)
fosore (first-person inclusive plural)
misore (exclusive first-person plural)
nosore (second-person singular)
nisore (plural second-person)
osore (masculine singular third-person)
isore (masculine plural third-person)
yosore (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosore (feminine singular third-person)
isore (feminine plural third-person)
yosore (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isore (neuter singular third-person)
isore (neuter plural third-person)
yosore (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ulu

toulu (first-person singular)
foulu (first-person inclusive plural)
miulu (exclusive first-person plural)
noulu (second-person singular)
niulu (plural second-person)
oulu (masculine singular third-person)
iulu (masculine plural third-person)
youlu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moulu (feminine singular third-person)
iulu (feminine plural third-person)
youlu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iulu (neuter singular third-person)
iulu (neuter plural third-person)
youlu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fara

tofara (first-person singular)
fofara (first-person inclusive plural)
mifara (exclusive first-person plural)
nofara (second-person singular)
nifara (plural second-person)
ofara (masculine singular third-person)
ifara (masculine plural third-person)
yofara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofara (feminine singular third-person)
ifara (feminine plural third-person)
yofara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifara (neuter singular third-person)
ifara (neuter plural third-person)
yofara (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tango

totango (first-person singular)
fotango (first-person inclusive plural)
mitango (exclusive first-person plural)
notango (second-person singular)
nitango (plural second-person)
otango (masculine singular third-person)
itango (masculine plural third-person)
yotango (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motango (feminine singular third-person)
itango (feminine plural third-person)
yotango (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itango (neuter singular third-person)
itango (neuter plural third-person)
yotango (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sui

tosui (first-person singular)
fosui (first-person inclusive plural)
misui (exclusive first-person plural)
nosui (second-person singular)
nisui (plural second-person)
osui (masculine singular third-person)
isui (masculine plural third-person)
yosui (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosui (feminine singular third-person)
isui (feminine plural third-person)
yosui (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isui (neuter singular third-person)
isui (neuter plural third-person)
yosui (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to smoke (cigarettes, etc.)


raga

toraga (first-person singular)
foraga (first-person inclusive plural)
miraga (exclusive first-person plural)
noraga (second-person singular)
niraga (plural second-person)
oraga (masculine singular third-person)
iraga (masculine plural third-person)
yoraga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moraga (feminine singular third-person)
iraga (feminine plural third-person)
yoraga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iraga (neuter singular third-person)
iraga (neuter plural third-person)
yoraga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


topa

totopa (first-person singular)
fotopa (first-person inclusive plural)
mitopa (exclusive first-person plural)
notopa (second-person singular)
nitopa (plural second-person)
otopa (masculine singular third-person)
itopa (masculine plural third-person)
yotopa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motopa (feminine singular third-person)
itopa (feminine plural third-person)
yotopa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itopa (neuter singular third-person)
itopa (neuter plural third-person)
yotopa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bati

→ Sawai: bati

Possibly from N- (nominalizer) + fati (“to block, hinder”).

af

a boundary (as demarcated by poles in the ground, etc.)


beto

From N- (nominalizer) + feto (“to complain”).


bori

Cognate with Galela bori, Tobelo bori, Pagu bori, all possibly loans from Ternate.

the plant Anamirta cocculus; its seeds are crushed to make a fish poison


budo

tobudo (first-person singular)
fobudo (first-person inclusive plural)
mibudo (exclusive first-person plural)
nobudo (second-person singular)
nibudo (plural second-person)
obudo (masculine singular third-person)
ibudo (masculine plural third-person)
yobudo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobudo (feminine singular third-person)
ibudo (feminine plural third-person)
yobudo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibudo (neuter singular third-person)
ibudo (neuter plural third-person)
yobudo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


budo

→ Gorontalo: budo (“albino”)


titi

totiti (first-person singular)
fotiti (first-person inclusive plural)
mititi (exclusive first-person plural)
notiti (second-person singular)
nititi (plural second-person)
otiti (masculine singular third-person)
ititi (masculine plural third-person)
yotiti (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motiti (feminine singular third-person)
ititi (feminine plural third-person)
yotiti (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ititi (neuter singular third-person)
ititi (neuter plural third-person)
yotiti (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tiki

totiki (first-person singular)
fotiki (first-person inclusive plural)
mitiki (exclusive first-person plural)
notiki (second-person singular)
nitiki (plural second-person)
otiki (masculine singular third-person)
itiki (masculine plural third-person)
yotiki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motiki (feminine singular third-person)
itiki (feminine plural third-person)
yotiki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itiki (neuter singular third-person)
itiki (neuter plural third-person)
yotiki (archaic neuter plural third-person)


mina

head

mina (subject clitic mo, possessive prefix mi, Jawi مين)

mo (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
مين (Jawi)

(feminine) third-person singular pronoun, she


tabu

تابو (Jawi)
totabu (first-person singular)
fotabu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitabu (exclusive first-person plural)
notabu (second-person singular)
nitabu (plural second-person)
otabu (masculine singular third-person)
itabu (masculine plural third-person)
yotabu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motabu (feminine singular third-person)
itabu (feminine plural third-person)
yotabu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itabu (neuter singular third-person)
itabu (neuter plural third-person)
yotabu (archaic neuter plural third-person)

tabu si uspera


ember

Borrowed from Indonesian ember, from Dutch emmer, from Middle Dutch ember, from Old Dutch ēmer, from Proto-West Germanic *ambrī.


adat

From the older adati, with word-final vowel deletion. Likely reinforced by Indonesian adat.


tofu

totofu (first-person singular)
fotofu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitofu (exclusive first-person plural)
notofu (second-person singular)
nitofu (plural second-person)
otofu (masculine singular third-person)
itofu (masculine plural third-person)
yotofu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motofu (feminine singular third-person)
itofu (feminine plural third-person)
yotofu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itofu (neuter singular third-person)
itofu (neuter plural third-person)
yotofu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


malo

tomalo (first-person singular)
fomalo (first-person inclusive plural)
mimalo (exclusive first-person plural)
nomalo (second-person singular)
nimalo (plural second-person)
omalo (masculine singular third-person)
imalo (masculine plural third-person)
yomalo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
momalo (feminine singular third-person)
imalo (feminine plural third-person)
yomalo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
imalo (neuter singular third-person)
imalo (neuter plural third-person)
yomalo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

bira malo

ngogu malo toma hito

ngori pipi malo

nyao imalo toma hito

mina momalo toma fala


tes

Borrowed from English test some time during the British occupation of Ternate (1810-1817).


fane

فاني (Jawi)
tofane (first-person singular)
fofane (first-person inclusive plural)
mifane (exclusive first-person plural)
nofane (second-person singular)
nifane (plural second-person)
ofane (masculine singular third-person)
ifane (masculine plural third-person)
yofane (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofane (feminine singular third-person)
ifane (feminine plural third-person)
yofane (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifane (neuter singular third-person)
ifane (neuter plural third-person)
yofane (archaic neuter plural third-person)

ara ifane futu nyagimoi


rete

torete (first-person singular)
forete (first-person inclusive plural)
mirete (exclusive first-person plural)
norete (second-person singular)
nirete (plural second-person)
orete (masculine singular third-person)
irete (masculine plural third-person)
yorete (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morete (feminine singular third-person)
irete (feminine plural third-person)
yorete (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irete (neuter singular third-person)
irete (neuter plural third-person)
yorete (archaic neuter plural third-person)


boro

From Proto-North Halmahera *boro (“egg”).


afa

notego ka ge afa

niwosa toma hito afa

sentence-final negative imperative particle; do not!


sone

tosone (first-person singular)
fosone (first-person inclusive plural)
misone (exclusive first-person plural)
nosone (second-person singular)
nisone (plural second-person)
osone (masculine singular third-person)
isone (masculine plural third-person)
yosone (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosone (feminine singular third-person)
isone (feminine plural third-person)
yosone (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isone (neuter singular third-person)
isone (neuter plural third-person)
yosone (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *soneŋ (“to die”).


fini

Compare Tetum fini (“seed”) and Malay benih (“seed”).


tomo

totomo (first-person singular)
fotomo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitomo (exclusive first-person plural)
notomo (second-person singular)
nitomo (plural second-person)
otomo (masculine singular third-person)
itomo (masculine plural third-person)
yotomo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motomo (feminine singular third-person)
itomo (feminine plural third-person)
yotomo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itomo (neuter singular third-person)
itomo (neuter plural third-person)
yotomo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tuku

totuku (first-person singular)
fotuku (first-person inclusive plural)
mituku (exclusive first-person plural)
notuku (second-person singular)
nituku (plural second-person)
otuku (masculine singular third-person)
ituku (masculine plural third-person)
yotuku (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motuku (feminine singular third-person)
ituku (feminine plural third-person)
yotuku (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ituku (neuter singular third-person)
ituku (neuter plural third-person)
yotuku (archaic neuter plural third-person)


suo

the obtuse barracuda (Sphyraena obtusata)


tim

totim (first-person singular)
fotim (first-person inclusive plural)
mitim (exclusive first-person plural)
notim (second-person singular)
nitim (plural second-person)
otim (masculine singular third-person)
itim (masculine plural third-person)
yotim (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motim (feminine singular third-person)
itim (feminine plural third-person)
yotim (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itim (neuter singular third-person)
itim (neuter plural third-person)
yotim (archaic neuter plural third-person)

a alternative form of timi (“to skin, peel”)


reka

toreka (first-person singular)
foreka (first-person inclusive plural)
mireka (exclusive first-person plural)
noreka (second-person singular)
nireka (plural second-person)
oreka (masculine singular third-person)
ireka (masculine plural third-person)
yoreka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moreka (feminine singular third-person)
ireka (feminine plural third-person)
yoreka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ireka (neuter singular third-person)
ireka (neuter plural third-person)
yoreka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


reo

toreo (first-person singular)
foreo (first-person inclusive plural)
mireo (exclusive first-person plural)
noreo (second-person singular)
nireo (plural second-person)
oreo (masculine singular third-person)
ireo (masculine plural third-person)
yoreo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moreo (feminine singular third-person)
ireo (feminine plural third-person)
yoreo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ireo (neuter singular third-person)
ireo (neuter plural third-person)
yoreo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ahi

Cognate with Tidore ahi. Of uncertain relation to West Makian fi, Galela kahi, Sahu kai, etc.

lemo maahi

bia maahi


ahi

toahi (first-person singular)
foahi (first-person inclusive plural)
miahi (exclusive first-person plural)
noahi (second-person singular)
niahi (plural second-person)
oahi (masculine singular third-person)
iahi (masculine plural third-person)
yoahi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moahi (feminine singular third-person)
iahi (feminine plural third-person)
yoahi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iahi (neuter singular third-person)
iahi (neuter plural third-person)
yoahi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ria

toria (first-person singular)
foria (first-person inclusive plural)
miria (exclusive first-person plural)
noria (second-person singular)
niria (plural second-person)
oria (masculine singular third-person)
iria (masculine plural third-person)
yoria (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moria (feminine singular third-person)
iria (feminine plural third-person)
yoria (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iria (neuter singular third-person)
iria (neuter plural third-person)
yoria (archaic neuter plural third-person)


isi

Cognate with Tidore isi (“urine”), Tabaru osisi (“to urinate”). Further afield, compare Proto-Trans-New Guinea *(si)si, *siti, *pisi (“urine”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ihiq (“urine”).


eli

toeli (first-person singular)
foeli (first-person inclusive plural)
mieli (exclusive first-person plural)
noeli (second-person singular)
nieli (plural second-person)
oeli (masculine singular third-person)
ieli (masculine plural third-person)
yoeli (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moeli (feminine singular third-person)
ieli (feminine plural third-person)
yoeli (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ieli (neuter singular third-person)
ieli (neuter plural third-person)
yoeli (archaic neuter plural third-person)
el (alternative)


utu

toutu (first-person singular)
foutu (first-person inclusive plural)
miutu (exclusive first-person plural)
noutu (second-person singular)
niutu (plural second-person)
outu (masculine singular third-person)
iutu (masculine plural third-person)
youtu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moutu (feminine singular third-person)
iutu (feminine plural third-person)
youtu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iutu (neuter singular third-person)
iutu (neuter plural third-person)
youtu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


suku

From Malay syukur, from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).


ara

Cognate with Tidore ora (“moon”) and possibly West Makian odo (“moon”).


asu

toasu (first-person singular)
foasu (first-person inclusive plural)
miasu (exclusive first-person plural)
noasu (second-person singular)
niasu (plural second-person)
oasu (masculine singular third-person)
iasu (masculine plural third-person)
yoasu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moasu (feminine singular third-person)
iasu (feminine plural third-person)
yoasu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iasu (neuter singular third-person)
iasu (neuter plural third-person)
yoasu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


alus

toalus (first-person singular)
foalus (first-person inclusive plural)
mialus (exclusive first-person plural)
noalus (second-person singular)
nialus (plural second-person)
oalus (masculine singular third-person)
ialus (masculine plural third-person)
yoalus (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moalus (feminine singular third-person)
ialus (feminine plural third-person)
yoalus (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ialus (neuter singular third-person)
ialus (neuter plural third-person)
yoalus (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).


sari

ساري (Jawi)
tosari (first-person singular)
fosari (first-person inclusive plural)
misari (exclusive first-person plural)
nosari (second-person singular)
nisari (plural second-person)
osari (masculine singular third-person)
isari (masculine plural third-person)
yosari (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosari (feminine singular third-person)
isari (feminine plural third-person)
yosari (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isari (neuter singular third-person)
isari (neuter plural third-person)
yosari (archaic neuter plural third-person)

sari sisupu

(auxiliary) to desire, wish, want; to intend

ngori rikoi sari sofo

una osari okodiho

(auxiliary) indicates the near-future tense; will soon


selo

toselo (first-person singular)
foselo (first-person inclusive plural)
miselo (exclusive first-person plural)
noselo (second-person singular)
niselo (plural second-person)
oselo (masculine singular third-person)
iselo (masculine plural third-person)
yoselo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moselo (feminine singular third-person)
iselo (feminine plural third-person)
yoselo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iselo (neuter singular third-person)
iselo (neuter plural third-person)
yoselo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to slice or cut right through


sau

tosau (first-person singular)
fosau (first-person inclusive plural)
misau (exclusive first-person plural)
nosau (second-person singular)
nisau (plural second-person)
osau (masculine singular third-person)
isau (masculine plural third-person)
yosau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosau (feminine singular third-person)
isau (feminine plural third-person)
yosau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isau (neuter singular third-person)
isau (neuter plural third-person)
yosau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sau

From Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).


tum

totum (first-person singular)
fotum (first-person inclusive plural)
mitum (exclusive first-person plural)
notum (second-person singular)
nitum (plural second-person)
otum (masculine singular third-person)
itum (masculine plural third-person)
yotum (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motum (feminine singular third-person)
itum (feminine plural third-person)
yotum (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itum (neuter singular third-person)
itum (neuter plural third-person)
yotum (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From tumu, with word-final vowel deletion.

alternative form of tumu (“to dive, leap down from”)


sidi

tosidi (first-person singular)
fosidi (first-person inclusive plural)
misidi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosidi (second-person singular)
nisidi (plural second-person)
osidi (masculine singular third-person)
isidi (masculine plural third-person)
yosidi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosidi (feminine singular third-person)
isidi (feminine plural third-person)
yosidi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isidi (neuter singular third-person)
isidi (neuter plural third-person)
yosidi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tero

totero (first-person singular)
fotero (first-person inclusive plural)
mitero (exclusive first-person plural)
notero (second-person singular)
nitero (plural second-person)
otero (masculine singular third-person)
itero (masculine plural third-person)
yotero (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motero (feminine singular third-person)
itero (feminine plural third-person)
yotero (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itero (neuter singular third-person)
itero (neuter plural third-person)
yotero (archaic neuter plural third-person)


timi

totimi (first-person singular)
fotimi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitimi (exclusive first-person plural)
notimi (second-person singular)
nitimi (plural second-person)
otimi (masculine singular third-person)
itimi (masculine plural third-person)
yotimi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motimi (feminine singular third-person)
itimi (feminine plural third-person)
yotimi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itimi (neuter singular third-person)
itimi (neuter plural third-person)
yotimi (archaic neuter plural third-person)
timu (alternative)
tim (alternative)


tela

Given by Hayami-Allen to be from Portuguese [Term?].


hela

tohela (first-person singular)
fohela (first-person inclusive plural)
mihela (exclusive first-person plural)
nohela (second-person singular)
nihela (plural second-person)
ohela (masculine singular third-person)
ihela (masculine plural third-person)
yohela (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mohela (feminine singular third-person)
ihela (feminine plural third-person)
yohela (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ihela (neuter singular third-person)
ihela (neuter plural third-person)
yohela (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sandal

Borrowed from Indonesian sandal, from Dutch sandaal, from Middle French sandale, from Old French sandale, from Latin sandalium, from Ancient Greek σανδάλιον (sandálion).


koi

Possibly related to Tabaru koyu (“banana”), synonym of the more common Tabaru term bole.


fugu

tofugu (first-person singular)
fofugu (first-person inclusive plural)
mifugu (exclusive first-person plural)
nofugu (second-person singular)
nifugu (plural second-person)
ofugu (masculine singular third-person)
ifugu (masculine plural third-person)
yofugu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofugu (feminine singular third-person)
ifugu (feminine plural third-person)
yofugu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifugu (neuter singular third-person)
ifugu (neuter plural third-person)
yofugu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


aki

From Proto-North Halmahera *akir ("tongue").


bala

tobala (first-person singular)
fobala (first-person inclusive plural)
mibala (exclusive first-person plural)
nobala (second-person singular)
nibala (plural second-person)
obala (masculine singular third-person)
ibala (masculine plural third-person)
yobala (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobala (feminine singular third-person)
ibala (feminine plural third-person)
yobala (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibala (neuter singular third-person)
ibala (neuter plural third-person)
yobala (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(intransitive) to float up, to emerge from water

(intransitive, by extension) to appear, to emerge


bala

From either Indonesian bala (“army”) or Javanese ꦧꦭ (bala, “army”), both from Sanskrit बल (bala).


awa

Possibly the same as the previous etymology, as a semantic extension.


tono

تونو (Jawi)
totono (first-person singular)
fotono (first-person inclusive plural)
mitono (exclusive first-person plural)
notono (second-person singular)
nitono (plural second-person)
otono (masculine singular third-person)
itono (masculine plural third-person)
yotono (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motono (feminine singular third-person)
itono (feminine plural third-person)
yotono (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itono (neuter singular third-person)
itono (neuter plural third-person)
yotono (archaic neuter plural third-person)


feto

tofeto (first-person singular)
fofeto (first-person inclusive plural)
mifeto (exclusive first-person plural)
nofeto (second-person singular)
nifeto (plural second-person)
ofeto (masculine singular third-person)
ifeto (masculine plural third-person)
yofeto (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofeto (feminine singular third-person)
ifeto (feminine plural third-person)
yofeto (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifeto (neuter singular third-person)
ifeto (neuter plural third-person)
yofeto (archaic neuter plural third-person)

⇒ North Moluccan Malay: bafeto


ari

toari (first-person singular)
foari (first-person inclusive plural)
miari (exclusive first-person plural)
noari (second-person singular)
niari (plural second-person)
oari (masculine singular third-person)
iari (masculine plural third-person)
yoari (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moari (feminine singular third-person)
iari (feminine plural third-person)
yoari (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iari (neuter singular third-person)
iari (neuter plural third-person)
yoari (archaic neuter plural third-person)


foro

toforo (first-person singular)
foforo (first-person inclusive plural)
miforo (exclusive first-person plural)
noforo (second-person singular)
niforo (plural second-person)
oforo (masculine singular third-person)
iforo (masculine plural third-person)
yoforo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moforo (feminine singular third-person)
iforo (feminine plural third-person)
yoforo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iforo (neuter singular third-person)
iforo (neuter plural third-person)
yoforo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tasa

From Arabic طَاسَة (ṭāsa), per Hayami-Allen.


tasa

totasa (first-person singular)
fotasa (first-person inclusive plural)
mitasa (exclusive first-person plural)
notasa (second-person singular)
nitasa (plural second-person)
otasa (masculine singular third-person)
itasa (masculine plural third-person)
yotasa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motasa (feminine singular third-person)
itasa (feminine plural third-person)
yotasa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itasa (neuter singular third-person)
itasa (neuter plural third-person)
yotasa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


boi

toboi (first-person singular)
foboi (first-person inclusive plural)
miboi (exclusive first-person plural)
noboi (second-person singular)
niboi (plural second-person)
oboi (masculine singular third-person)
iboi (masculine plural third-person)
yoboi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moboi (feminine singular third-person)
iboi (feminine plural third-person)
yoboi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iboi (neuter singular third-person)
iboi (neuter plural third-person)
yoboi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


seng

From Indonesian sen, from Dutch cent, from Old French cent.


seng

From Indonesian seng, from Dutch zink, from German Zink.


sababu

From Classical Malay سبب (sebab), from Arabic سَبَبْ (sabab).


baja

tobaja (first-person singular)
fobaja (first-person inclusive plural)
mibaja (exclusive first-person plural)
nobaja (second-person singular)
nibaja (plural second-person)
obaja (masculine singular third-person)
ibaja (masculine plural third-person)
yobaja (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobaja (feminine singular third-person)
ibaja (feminine plural third-person)
yobaja (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibaja (neuter singular third-person)
ibaja (neuter plural third-person)
yobaja (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ata

toata (first-person singular)
foata (first-person inclusive plural)
miata (exclusive first-person plural)
noata (second-person singular)
niata (plural second-person)
oata (masculine singular third-person)
iata (masculine plural third-person)
yoata (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moata (feminine singular third-person)
iata (feminine plural third-person)
yoata (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iata (neuter singular third-person)
iata (neuter plural third-person)
yoata (archaic neuter plural third-person)


cuma

From Malay cuma, from Tamil சும்மா (cummā).


iru

Ultimately from Old Javanese irus (“ladle made of a half coconut-shell”). Cognate with Tobelo iruhu (“id”).

der

spoon, ladle, especially one made from a coconut shell


yare

toyare (first-person singular)
foyare (first-person inclusive plural)
miyare (exclusive first-person plural)
noyare (second-person singular)
niyare (plural second-person)
oyare (masculine singular third-person)
iyare (masculine plural third-person)
yoyare (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moyare (feminine singular third-person)
iyare (feminine plural third-person)
yoyare (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iyare (neuter singular third-person)
iyare (neuter plural third-person)
yoyare (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bidi

tobidi (first-person singular)
fobidi (first-person inclusive plural)
mibidi (exclusive first-person plural)
nobidi (second-person singular)
nibidi (plural second-person)
obidi (masculine singular third-person)
ibidi (masculine plural third-person)
yobidi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobidi (feminine singular third-person)
ibidi (feminine plural third-person)
yobidi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibidi (neuter singular third-person)
ibidi (neuter plural third-person)
yobidi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


soso

tososo (first-person singular)
fososo (first-person inclusive plural)
misoso (exclusive first-person plural)
nososo (second-person singular)
nisoso (plural second-person)
ososo (masculine singular third-person)
isoso (masculine plural third-person)
yososo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mososo (feminine singular third-person)
isoso (feminine plural third-person)
yososo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoso (neuter singular third-person)
isoso (neuter plural third-person)
yososo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tabo

totabo (first-person singular)
fotabo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitabo (exclusive first-person plural)
notabo (second-person singular)
nitabo (plural second-person)
otabo (masculine singular third-person)
itabo (masculine plural third-person)
yotabo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motabo (feminine singular third-person)
itabo (feminine plural third-person)
yotabo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itabo (neuter singular third-person)
itabo (neuter plural third-person)
yotabo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


mancia

From older Ternate manusia, from Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣya).


toko

From Indonesian toko, from Hokkien 土庫 /土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).


uru

From Proto-North Halmahera *uru (“mouth”).


dokter

Borrowed from Indonesian dokter, from Dutch dokter, from doctor, from Middle Dutch doctoor, from Latin doctor (“teacher”).


yapa

toyapa (first-person singular)
foyapa (first-person inclusive plural)
miyapa (exclusive first-person plural)
noyapa (second-person singular)
niyapa (plural second-person)
oyapa (masculine singular third-person)
iyapa (masculine plural third-person)
yoyapa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moyapa (feminine singular third-person)
iyapa (feminine plural third-person)
yoyapa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iyapa (neuter singular third-person)
iyapa (neuter plural third-person)
yoyapa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ake

From Proto-North Halmahera *aker (“water”).

ake besa


jaga

tojaga (first-person singular)
fojaga (first-person inclusive plural)
mijaga (exclusive first-person plural)
nojaga (second-person singular)
nijaga (plural second-person)
ojaga (masculine singular third-person)
ijaga (masculine plural third-person)
yojaga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mojaga (feminine singular third-person)
ijaga (feminine plural third-person)
yojaga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ijaga (neuter singular third-person)
ijaga (neuter plural third-person)
yojaga (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). The adverbial sense is likely derived from an association of vigilance with guarding.


jaga

ngori rioru jaga cumu


wa

Bira moi rai, wa?

sentence-final confirmation particle; isn't it?

Ngori tonyodi kolano ua, wa.

Piring ma riha, wa; ngomi ino misibela romodidi se ngomi.

We divide the plates (red, as you know) between the two of us.

The plates that are red as you know; we here divided them into two for us.

sentence-final that indicates the speaker knows or should know what is being said


tato

any of several fish among the triggerfish (Balistidae) and the filefish (Monacanthidae)


toto

tototo (first-person singular)
fototo (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoto (exclusive first-person plural)
nototo (second-person singular)
nitoto (plural second-person)
ototo (masculine singular third-person)
itoto (masculine plural third-person)
yototo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mototo (feminine singular third-person)
itoto (feminine plural third-person)
yototo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoto (neuter singular third-person)
itoto (neuter plural third-person)
yototo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


festa

From Portuguese festa, from Latin fēstum.


hodo

tohodo (first-person singular)
fohodo (first-person inclusive plural)
mihodo (exclusive first-person plural)
nohodo (second-person singular)
nihodo (plural second-person)
ohodo (masculine singular third-person)
ihodo (masculine plural third-person)
yohodo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mohodo (feminine singular third-person)
ihodo (feminine plural third-person)
yohodo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ihodo (neuter singular third-person)
ihodo (neuter plural third-person)
yohodo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rei

torei (first-person singular)
forei (first-person inclusive plural)
mirei (exclusive first-person plural)
norei (second-person singular)
nirei (plural second-person)
orei (masculine singular third-person)
irei (masculine plural third-person)
yorei (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morei (feminine singular third-person)
irei (feminine plural third-person)
yorei (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irei (neuter singular third-person)
irei (neuter plural third-person)
yorei (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kas

From Indonesian kas (“box”), from Dutch kast (“cupboard”), from Middle Dutch caste (“chest”), from Old Dutch *kasto, from Frankish *kastō.


busa

tobusa (first-person singular)
fobusa (first-person inclusive plural)
mibusa (exclusive first-person plural)
nobusa (second-person singular)
nibusa (plural second-person)
obusa (masculine singular third-person)
ibusa (masculine plural third-person)
yobusa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobusa (feminine singular third-person)
ibusa (feminine plural third-person)
yobusa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibusa (neuter singular third-person)
ibusa (neuter plural third-person)
yobusa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


taga

totaga (first-person singular)
fotaga (first-person inclusive plural)
mitaga (exclusive first-person plural)
notaga (second-person singular)
nitaga (plural second-person)
otaga (masculine singular third-person)
itaga (masculine plural third-person)
yotaga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motaga (feminine singular third-person)
itaga (feminine plural third-person)
yotaga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itaga (neuter singular third-person)
itaga (neuter plural third-person)
yotaga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


taga

bati taga

(intransitive) to wash ashore, to wash up


tego

تىݢو (Jawi)
totego (first-person singular)
fotego (first-person inclusive plural)
mitego (exclusive first-person plural)
notego (second-person singular)
nitego (plural second-person)
otego (masculine singular third-person)
itego (masculine plural third-person)
yotego (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motego (feminine singular third-person)
itego (feminine plural third-person)
yotego (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itego (neuter singular third-person)
itego (neuter plural third-person)
yotego (archaic neuter plural third-person)

tego toma kurusi

Kie Gamalama itego toma kie makonora

Mount Gamalama sits in the center of the island


rica

→ North Moluccan Malay: rica

Manado Malay: rica
→ Indonesian: rica

Likely from an older, unattested form *marica, from Malay merica, from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरिच (marica). The initial ma was likely reinterpreted as the possessive.


aru

toaru (first-person singular)
foaru (first-person inclusive plural)
miaru (exclusive first-person plural)
noaru (second-person singular)
niaru (plural second-person)
oaru (masculine singular third-person)
iaru (masculine plural third-person)
yoaru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaru (feminine singular third-person)
iaru (feminine plural third-person)
yoaru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaru (neuter singular third-person)
iaru (neuter plural third-person)
yoaru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


turi

Likely from Malay turi (“Sesbania grandiflora”).

vegetable hummingbird
vegetable hummingbird

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual

vegetable hummingbird (Sesbania grandiflora)


uhi

touhi (first-person singular)
fouhi (first-person inclusive plural)
miuhi (exclusive first-person plural)
nouhi (second-person singular)
niuhi (plural second-person)
ouhi (masculine singular third-person)
iuhi (masculine plural third-person)
youhi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouhi (feminine singular third-person)
iuhi (feminine plural third-person)
youhi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuhi (neuter singular third-person)
iuhi (neuter plural third-person)
youhi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *uhis (“to flow”).

ongo uhi


ena

head

ena (subject clitic i, possessive prefix ma, Jawi اين)

i (clitic subjective)
ma (possessive prefix)
اين (Jawi)

(for non-human groups) third-person plural pronoun, they


sido

a torch (often bamboo filled with damar)


buru

toburu (first-person singular)
foburu (first-person inclusive plural)
miburu (exclusive first-person plural)
noburu (second-person singular)
niburu (plural second-person)
oburu (masculine singular third-person)
iburu (masculine plural third-person)
yoburu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moburu (feminine singular third-person)
iburu (feminine plural third-person)
yoburu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iburu (neuter singular third-person)
iburu (neuter plural third-person)
yoburu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sagu

tosagu (first-person singular)
fosagu (first-person inclusive plural)
misagu (exclusive first-person plural)
nosagu (second-person singular)
nisagu (plural second-person)
osagu (masculine singular third-person)
isagu (masculine plural third-person)
yosagu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosagu (feminine singular third-person)
isagu (feminine plural third-person)
yosagu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isagu (neuter singular third-person)
isagu (neuter plural third-person)
yosagu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


ume

toume (first-person singular)
foume (first-person inclusive plural)
miume (exclusive first-person plural)
noume (second-person singular)
niume (plural second-person)
oume (masculine singular third-person)
iume (masculine plural third-person)
youme (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moume (feminine singular third-person)
iume (feminine plural third-person)
youme (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iume (neuter singular third-person)
iume (neuter plural third-person)
youme (archaic neuter plural third-person)
umo (alternative)
umu (alternative)


i-

(non-human) third-person singular clitic, it

(human) third-person plural clitic, they

(masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his


fala

Cognate with Tidore fola, Tabaru woa, West Makian pala.

fala mari


toa

totoa (first-person singular)
fotoa (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoa (exclusive first-person plural)
notoa (second-person singular)
nitoa (plural second-person)
otoa (masculine singular third-person)
itoa (masculine plural third-person)
yotoa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motoa (feminine singular third-person)
itoa (feminine plural third-person)
yotoa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoa (neuter singular third-person)
itoa (neuter plural third-person)
yotoa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


buka

tobuka (first-person singular)
fobuka (first-person inclusive plural)
mibuka (exclusive first-person plural)
nobuka (second-person singular)
nibuka (plural second-person)
obuka (masculine singular third-person)
ibuka (masculine plural third-person)
yobuka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobuka (feminine singular third-person)
ibuka (feminine plural third-person)
yobuka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibuka (neuter singular third-person)
ibuka (neuter plural third-person)
yobuka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


roka

toroka (first-person singular)
foroka (first-person inclusive plural)
miroka (exclusive first-person plural)
noroka (second-person singular)
niroka (plural second-person)
oroka (masculine singular third-person)
iroka (masculine plural third-person)
yoroka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moroka (feminine singular third-person)
iroka (feminine plural third-person)
yoroka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iroka (neuter singular third-person)
iroka (neuter plural third-person)
yoroka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


biri

tobiri (first-person singular)
fobiri (first-person inclusive plural)
mibiri (exclusive first-person plural)
nobiri (second-person singular)
nibiri (plural second-person)
obiri (masculine singular third-person)
ibiri (masculine plural third-person)
yobiri (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobiri (feminine singular third-person)
ibiri (feminine plural third-person)
yobiri (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibiri (neuter singular third-person)
ibiri (neuter plural third-person)
yobiri (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From N- (transitivizer) + firi (“to make way”).

af

(transitive) to take along, to bring along


fai

tofai (first-person singular)
fofai (first-person inclusive plural)
mifai (exclusive first-person plural)
nofai (second-person singular)
nifai (plural second-person)
ofai (masculine singular third-person)
ifai (masculine plural third-person)
yofai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofai (feminine singular third-person)
ifai (feminine plural third-person)
yofai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifai (neuter singular third-person)
ifai (neuter plural third-person)
yofai (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bou

Likely to ultimately be from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq; compare Proto-Oceanic *bou (“smell, odor”).


bou

tobou (first-person singular)
fobou (first-person inclusive plural)
mibou (exclusive first-person plural)
nobou (second-person singular)
nibou (plural second-person)
obou (masculine singular third-person)
ibou (masculine plural third-person)
yobou (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobou (feminine singular third-person)
ibou (feminine plural third-person)
yobou (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibou (neuter singular third-person)
ibou (neuter plural third-person)
yobou (archaic neuter plural third-person)


to-

Cognate with Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”).

cog

ngori tosonyinga moju ngana na demo se ngori.


repa

torepa (first-person singular)
forepa (first-person inclusive plural)
mirepa (exclusive first-person plural)
norepa (second-person singular)
nirepa (plural second-person)
orepa (masculine singular third-person)
irepa (masculine plural third-person)
yorepa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morepa (feminine singular third-person)
irepa (feminine plural third-person)
yorepa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irepa (neuter singular third-person)
irepa (neuter plural third-person)
yorepa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asalbor.
Ternate asal
Borrowed from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).


salo

Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suluq (“torch”).


udara

From the second element of Indonesian pesawat udara.


warna

Borrowed from Malay warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa).


upa

toupa (first-person singular)
foupa (first-person inclusive plural)
miupa (exclusive first-person plural)
noupa (second-person singular)
niupa (plural second-person)
oupa (masculine singular third-person)
iupa (masculine plural third-person)
youpa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moupa (feminine singular third-person)
iupa (feminine plural third-person)
youpa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iupa (neuter singular third-person)
iupa (neuter plural third-person)
youpa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


dogo

todogo (first-person singular)
fodogo (first-person inclusive plural)
midogo (exclusive first-person plural)
nodogo (second-person singular)
nidogo (plural second-person)
odogo (masculine singular third-person)
idogo (masculine plural third-person)
yodogo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
modogo (feminine singular third-person)
idogo (feminine plural third-person)
yodogo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
idogo (neuter singular third-person)
idogo (neuter plural third-person)
yodogo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nasi

alternative form of nanasi (“pineapple”)


cala

Within North Halmahera, cognate to Tidore cala, Tabaru caana, Loloda calana, etc., all meaning '1000'. Direct external cognates include West Makian calan, East Makian calan, Waigeo calan, Wandamen siaran, Biak syáran, also all meaning '1000'. The external cognates are generally believed to be due to Ternate-Tidore influence.
Beyond these, see also Chamorro chålan (“thousand”), Tagalog daan (“hundred”), Kapampangan dálan (“hundred”).


tanu

totanu (first-person singular)
fotanu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitanu (exclusive first-person plural)
notanu (second-person singular)
nitanu (plural second-person)
otanu (masculine singular third-person)
itanu (masculine plural third-person)
yotanu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motanu (feminine singular third-person)
itanu (feminine plural third-person)
yotanu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itanu (neuter singular third-person)
itanu (neuter plural third-person)
yotanu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


toru

totoru (first-person singular)
fotoru (first-person inclusive plural)
mitoru (exclusive first-person plural)
notoru (second-person singular)
nitoru (plural second-person)
otoru (masculine singular third-person)
itoru (masculine plural third-person)
yotoru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motoru (feminine singular third-person)
itoru (feminine plural third-person)
yotoru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itoru (neuter singular third-person)
itoru (neuter plural third-person)
yotoru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


walu

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual


ula

toula (first-person singular)
foula (first-person inclusive plural)
miula (exclusive first-person plural)
noula (second-person singular)
niula (plural second-person)
oula (masculine singular third-person)
iula (masculine plural third-person)
youla (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moula (feminine singular third-person)
iula (feminine plural third-person)
youla (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iula (neuter singular third-person)
iula (neuter plural third-person)
youla (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rano

torano (first-person singular)
forano (first-person inclusive plural)
mirano (exclusive first-person plural)
norano (second-person singular)
nirano (plural second-person)
orano (masculine singular third-person)
irano (masculine plural third-person)
yorano (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morano (feminine singular third-person)
irano (feminine plural third-person)
yorano (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irano (neuter singular third-person)
irano (neuter plural third-person)
yorano (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rangi

torangi (first-person singular)
forangi (first-person inclusive plural)
mirangi (exclusive first-person plural)
norangi (second-person singular)
nirangi (plural second-person)
orangi (masculine singular third-person)
irangi (masculine plural third-person)
yorangi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morangi (feminine singular third-person)
irangi (feminine plural third-person)
yorangi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irangi (neuter singular third-person)
irangi (neuter plural third-person)
yorangi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bahaya

tobahaya (first-person singular)
fobahaya (first-person inclusive plural)
mibahaya (exclusive first-person plural)
nobahaya (second-person singular)
nibahaya (plural second-person)
obahaya (masculine singular third-person)
ibahaya (masculine plural third-person)
yobahaya (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobahaya (feminine singular third-person)
ibahaya (feminine plural third-person)
yobahaya (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibahaya (neuter singular third-person)
ibahaya (neuter plural third-person)
yobahaya (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay bahaya, from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).


bahaya

una ohohe-hohe bahaya


umur

From Malay umur, from Arabic عُمُر (ʕumur).


tahu

From Indonesian tahu, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū).

tofu (a protein-rich food made from curdled soy milk)


tebu

totebu (first-person singular)
fotebu (first-person inclusive plural)
mitebu (exclusive first-person plural)
notebu (second-person singular)
nitebu (plural second-person)
otebu (masculine singular third-person)
itebu (masculine plural third-person)
yotebu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motebu (feminine singular third-person)
itebu (feminine plural third-person)
yotebu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itebu (neuter singular third-person)
itebu (neuter plural third-person)
yotebu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


bato

haka ngori maobo bato

ana isedu bato


putra

From Classical Malay ڤوترا (putra), from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).


baro

From N- (nominalizer) + paro (“to cover”).


sua

tosua (first-person singular)
fosua (first-person inclusive plural)
misua (exclusive first-person plural)
nosua (second-person singular)
nisua (plural second-person)
osua (masculine singular third-person)
isua (masculine plural third-person)
yosua (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosua (feminine singular third-person)
isua (feminine plural third-person)
yosua (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isua (neuter singular third-person)
isua (neuter plural third-person)
yosua (archaic neuter plural third-person)


feno

tofeno (first-person singular)
fofeno (first-person inclusive plural)
mifeno (exclusive first-person plural)
nofeno (second-person singular)
nifeno (plural second-person)
ofeno (masculine singular third-person)
ifeno (masculine plural third-person)
yofeno (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofeno (feminine singular third-person)
ifeno (feminine plural third-person)
yofeno (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifeno (neuter singular third-person)
ifeno (neuter plural third-person)
yofeno (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to close, close up, shut, cover


tagi

totagi (first-person singular)
fotagi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitagi (exclusive first-person plural)
notagi (second-person singular)
nitagi (plural second-person)
otagi (masculine singular third-person)
itagi (masculine plural third-person)
yotagi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motagi (feminine singular third-person)
itagi (feminine plural third-person)
yotagi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itagi (neuter singular third-person)
itagi (neuter plural third-person)
yotagi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Proto-North Halmahera *tagi (“to walk”).

tagi sa ge?

Ngori totagi mehemehe


caga

tocaga (first-person singular)
focaga (first-person inclusive plural)
micaga (exclusive first-person plural)
nocaga (second-person singular)
nicaga (plural second-person)
ocaga (masculine singular third-person)
icaga (masculine plural third-person)
yocaga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mocaga (feminine singular third-person)
icaga (feminine plural third-person)
yocaga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
icaga (neuter singular third-person)
icaga (neuter plural third-person)
yocaga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rau

Likely from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun; compare Malay daun, Sobei rau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstruct Proto-North Halmahera *soka (“leaf”), which this does not continue.


riha

toriha (first-person singular)
foriha (first-person inclusive plural)
miriha (exclusive first-person plural)
noriha (second-person singular)
niriha (plural second-person)
oriha (masculine singular third-person)
iriha (masculine plural third-person)
yoriha (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moriha (feminine singular third-person)
iriha (feminine plural third-person)
yoriha (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iriha (neuter singular third-person)
iriha (neuter plural third-person)
yoriha (archaic neuter plural third-person)

The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + riha, which produces no change on the initial consonant r.


wati

towati (first-person singular)
fowati (first-person inclusive plural)
miwati (exclusive first-person plural)
nowati (second-person singular)
niwati (plural second-person)
owati (masculine singular third-person)
iwati (masculine plural third-person)
yowati (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowati (feminine singular third-person)
iwati (feminine plural third-person)
yowati (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwati (neuter singular third-person)
iwati (neuter plural third-person)
yowati (archaic neuter plural third-person)


piri

Adapted from Malay piring, from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring). Doublet of piring.


tahi

totahi (first-person singular)
fotahi (first-person inclusive plural)
mitahi (exclusive first-person plural)
notahi (second-person singular)
nitahi (plural second-person)
otahi (masculine singular third-person)
itahi (masculine plural third-person)
yotahi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motahi (feminine singular third-person)
itahi (feminine plural third-person)
yotahi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itahi (neuter singular third-person)
itahi (neuter plural third-person)
yotahi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


asar

From Malay asar, from Arabic عَصْر (ʕaṣr).


tori

totori (first-person singular)
fotori (first-person inclusive plural)
mitori (exclusive first-person plural)
notori (second-person singular)
nitori (plural second-person)
otori (masculine singular third-person)
itori (masculine plural third-person)
yotori (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motori (feminine singular third-person)
itori (feminine plural third-person)
yotori (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itori (neuter singular third-person)
itori (neuter plural third-person)
yotori (archaic neuter plural third-person)


suna

From Classical Malay سونت (“sunat”) (cf. modern sunat), from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna).


suna

tosuna (first-person singular)
fosuna (first-person inclusive plural)
misuna (exclusive first-person plural)
nosuna (second-person singular)
nisuna (plural second-person)
osuna (masculine singular third-person)
isuna (masculine plural third-person)
yosuna (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosuna (feminine singular third-person)
isuna (feminine plural third-person)
yosuna (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isuna (neuter singular third-person)
isuna (neuter plural third-person)
yosuna (archaic neuter plural third-person)


rio

torio (first-person singular)
forio (first-person inclusive plural)
mirio (exclusive first-person plural)
norio (second-person singular)
nirio (plural second-person)
orio (masculine singular third-person)
irio (masculine plural third-person)
yorio (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morio (feminine singular third-person)
irio (feminine plural third-person)
yorio (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irio (neuter singular third-person)
irio (neuter plural third-person)
yorio (archaic neuter plural third-person)


tufa

totufa (first-person singular)
fotufa (first-person inclusive plural)
mitufa (exclusive first-person plural)
notufa (second-person singular)
nitufa (plural second-person)
otufa (masculine singular third-person)
itufa (masculine plural third-person)
yotufa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motufa (feminine singular third-person)
itufa (feminine plural third-person)
yotufa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itufa (neuter singular third-person)
itufa (neuter plural third-person)
yotufa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kartas

From Malay kertas, from Arabic قِرْطَاس (qirṭās), from Aramaic כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).

der

Aramaic כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā)


bubu

tobubu (first-person singular)
fobubu (first-person inclusive plural)
mibubu (exclusive first-person plural)
nobubu (second-person singular)
nibubu (plural second-person)
obubu (masculine singular third-person)
ibubu (masculine plural third-person)
yobubu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mobubu (feminine singular third-person)
ibubu (feminine plural third-person)
yobubu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ibubu (neuter singular third-person)
ibubu (neuter plural third-person)
yobubu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sose

tosose (first-person singular)
fosose (first-person inclusive plural)
misose (exclusive first-person plural)
nosose (second-person singular)
nisose (plural second-person)
osose (masculine singular third-person)
isose (masculine plural third-person)
yosose (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosose (feminine singular third-person)
isose (feminine plural third-person)
yosose (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isose (neuter singular third-person)
isose (neuter plural third-person)
yosose (archaic neuter plural third-person)


soha

tosoha (first-person singular)
fosoha (first-person inclusive plural)
misoha (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoha (second-person singular)
nisoha (plural second-person)
osoha (masculine singular third-person)
isoha (masculine plural third-person)
yosoha (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoha (feminine singular third-person)
isoha (feminine plural third-person)
yosoha (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoha (neuter singular third-person)
isoha (neuter plural third-person)
yosoha (archaic neuter plural third-person)


aya

toaya (first-person singular)
foaya (first-person inclusive plural)
miaya (exclusive first-person plural)
noaya (second-person singular)
niaya (plural second-person)
oaya (masculine singular third-person)
iaya (masculine plural third-person)
yoaya (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaya (feminine singular third-person)
iaya (feminine plural third-person)
yoaya (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaya (neuter singular third-person)
iaya (neuter plural third-person)
yoaya (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Probably from Classical Malay ايق (ayak) (cf. ayak), the stem of مڠايق (mengayak, “to sieve”).


raca

toraca (first-person singular)
foraca (first-person inclusive plural)
miraca (exclusive first-person plural)
noraca (second-person singular)
niraca (plural second-person)
oraca (masculine singular third-person)
iraca (masculine plural third-person)
yoraca (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moraca (feminine singular third-person)
iraca (feminine plural third-person)
yoraca (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iraca (neuter singular third-person)
iraca (neuter plural third-person)
yoraca (archaic neuter plural third-person)


raka

toraka (first-person singular)
foraka (first-person inclusive plural)
miraka (exclusive first-person plural)
noraka (second-person singular)
niraka (plural second-person)
oraka (masculine singular third-person)
iraka (masculine plural third-person)
yoraka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moraka (feminine singular third-person)
iraka (feminine plural third-person)
yoraka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iraka (neuter singular third-person)
iraka (neuter plural third-person)
yoraka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


beno

From N- (nominalizer) + feno (“to close (transitive)”).


saka

tosaka (first-person singular)
fosaka (first-person inclusive plural)
misaka (exclusive first-person plural)
nosaka (second-person singular)
nisaka (plural second-person)
osaka (masculine singular third-person)
isaka (masculine plural third-person)
yosaka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosaka (feminine singular third-person)
isaka (feminine plural third-person)
yosaka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isaka (neuter singular third-person)
isaka (neuter plural third-person)
yosaka (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fira

a sister in relation to a man, a man's sister


bika

bika maahi


balo

Likely related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baluj; see Uneapa balu (“dove”).

either the wood pigeon or the green pigeon


fana

→ Manado Malay: mafana (“house ridge”) (with Ternate possessive ma-)

Ultimately from Proto-North Halmahera (likely of the form *p₁onat); compare Galela pona, Sahu wanata, Tidore fona.


sugo

tosugo (first-person singular)
fosugo (first-person inclusive plural)
misugo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosugo (second-person singular)
nisugo (plural second-person)
osugo (masculine singular third-person)
isugo (masculine plural third-person)
yosugo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosugo (feminine singular third-person)
isugo (feminine plural third-person)
yosugo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isugo (neuter singular third-person)
isugo (neuter plural third-person)
yosugo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


saro

tosaro (first-person singular)
fosaro (first-person inclusive plural)
misaro (exclusive first-person plural)
nosaro (second-person singular)
nisaro (plural second-person)
osaro (masculine singular third-person)
isaro (masculine plural third-person)
yosaro (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosaro (feminine singular third-person)
isaro (feminine plural third-person)
yosaro (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isaro (neuter singular third-person)
isaro (neuter plural third-person)
yosaro (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) of the wedding couple, to eat together


wola

towola (first-person singular)
fowola (first-person inclusive plural)
miwola (exclusive first-person plural)
nowola (second-person singular)
niwola (plural second-person)
owola (masculine singular third-person)
iwola (masculine plural third-person)
yowola (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mowola (feminine singular third-person)
iwola (feminine plural third-person)
yowola (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iwola (neuter singular third-person)
iwola (neuter plural third-person)
yowola (archaic neuter plural third-person)


toma

una owosa toma kamar madaha

ifere toma kadatu

horu-horu ka toma Disa

Kie Gamalama itego toma kie makonora

Mount Gamalama sits in the island's center

toma ngote maadu

toma wange enage

otego toma kurusi

bifi doro toma meja manyeku


tita

totita (first-person singular)
fotita (first-person inclusive plural)
mitita (exclusive first-person plural)
notita (second-person singular)
nitita (plural second-person)
otita (masculine singular third-person)
itita (masculine plural third-person)
yotita (archaic masculine plural third-person)
motita (feminine singular third-person)
itita (feminine plural third-person)
yotita (archaic feminine plural third-person)
itita (neuter singular third-person)
itita (neuter plural third-person)
yotita (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Indonesian titah (“word, command”).


bola

Likely ultimately from Portuguese bola de gude (“marble”).


uda

touda (first-person singular)
fouda (first-person inclusive plural)
miuda (exclusive first-person plural)
nouda (second-person singular)
niuda (plural second-person)
ouda (masculine singular third-person)
iuda (masculine plural third-person)
youda (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mouda (feminine singular third-person)
iuda (feminine plural third-person)
youda (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iuda (neuter singular third-person)
iuda (neuter plural third-person)
youda (archaic neuter plural third-person)


lila

a small, even shoulder-portable type of (colonial?) field gun, notably used in the East Indies


aca

toaca (first-person singular)
foaca (first-person inclusive plural)
miaca (exclusive first-person plural)
noaca (second-person singular)
niaca (plural second-person)
oaca (masculine singular third-person)
iaca (masculine plural third-person)
yoaca (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moaca (feminine singular third-person)
iaca (feminine plural third-person)
yoaca (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iaca (neuter singular third-person)
iaca (neuter plural third-person)
yoaca (archaic neuter plural third-person)