sibinyafo

tosibinyafo (first-person singular)
fosibinyafo (first-person inclusive plural)
misibinyafo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosibinyafo (second-person singular)
nisibinyafo (plural second-person)
osibinyafo (masculine singular third-person)
isibinyafo (masculine plural third-person)
yosibinyafo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosibinyafo (feminine singular third-person)
isibinyafo (feminine plural third-person)
yosibinyafo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isibinyafo (neuter singular third-person)
isibinyafo (neuter plural third-person)
yosibinyafo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sifutu

From earlier sofutu, possibly with a change in prefix from the obsolete so to the still-productive si.


sofutu

From so- + futu (“night”). Compare sowange (“today”).

sofutu se wange


siham

tosiham (first-person singular)
fosiham (first-person inclusive plural)
misiham (exclusive first-person plural)
nosiham (second-person singular)
nisiham (plural second-person)
osiham (masculine singular third-person)
isiham (masculine plural third-person)
yosiham (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosiham (feminine singular third-person)
isiham (feminine plural third-person)
yosiham (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isiham (neuter singular third-person)
isiham (neuter plural third-person)
yosiham (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sikilwak

سيکيلواک (Jawi)

From Indonesian sekilwak, from Dutch schildwacht, from Middle Dutch schiltwachte.


sikuda

the sweetlip emperor (Lethrinus miniatus)


silagi

tosilagi (first-person singular)
fosilagi (first-person inclusive plural)
misilagi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosilagi (second-person singular)
nisilagi (plural second-person)
osilagi (masculine singular third-person)
isilagi (masculine plural third-person)
yosilagi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosilagi (feminine singular third-person)
isilagi (feminine plural third-person)
yosilagi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isilagi (neuter singular third-person)
isilagi (neuter plural third-person)
yosilagi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


siliba

tosiliba (first-person singular)
fosiliba (first-person inclusive plural)
misiliba (exclusive first-person plural)
nosiliba (second-person singular)
nisiliba (plural second-person)
osiliba (masculine singular third-person)
isiliba (masculine plural third-person)
yosiliba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosiliba (feminine singular third-person)
isiliba (feminine plural third-person)
yosiliba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isiliba (neuter singular third-person)
isiliba (neuter plural third-person)
yosiliba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sinanga

tosinanga (first-person singular)
fosinanga (first-person inclusive plural)
misinanga (exclusive first-person plural)
nosinanga (second-person singular)
nisinanga (plural second-person)
osinanga (masculine singular third-person)
isinanga (masculine plural third-person)
yosinanga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosinanga (feminine singular third-person)
isinanga (feminine plural third-person)
yosinanga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isinanga (neuter singular third-person)
isinanga (neuter plural third-person)
yosinanga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


singoro

the two-spot red snapper (Lutjanus bohar)


sinsara

tosinsara (first-person singular)
fosinsara (first-person inclusive plural)
misinsara (exclusive first-person plural)
nosinsara (second-person singular)
nisinsara (plural second-person)
osinsara (masculine singular third-person)
isinsara (masculine plural third-person)
yosinsara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosinsara (feminine singular third-person)
isinsara (feminine plural third-person)
yosinsara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isinsara (neuter singular third-person)
isinsara (neuter plural third-person)
yosinsara (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From Malay sengsara, from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).


sirato

سيراتو (Jawi)
tosirato (first-person singular)
fosirato (first-person inclusive plural)
misirato (exclusive first-person plural)
nosirato (second-person singular)
nisirato (plural second-person)
osirato (masculine singular third-person)
isirato (masculine plural third-person)
yosirato (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosirato (feminine singular third-person)
isirato (feminine plural third-person)
yosirato (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isirato (neuter singular third-person)
isirato (neuter plural third-person)
yosirato (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From si- (“causative prefix”) + rato (“gust of wind, storm”).

pre

(transitive) to finish, to bring to an end


guae

May be related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wai (“mango”).

Mangifera indica
Mangifera indica#Translingual


fangare

head

fangare (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi فڠاري)

to (clitic subjective)
ri (possessive prefix)
فڠاري (Jawi)

A shortening of ngofangare (“an official title”), itself from ngofa (“child”) + ngare (“young man”).

mai fangare tosipodo habari bato

(formal, masculine) first-person singular pronoun, I

unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific


ngofangare

ڠفڠاري (Jawi)

From ngofa (“child”) + ngare (“young man”).

a collective name for men who hold the title of jurutulis, ofsir, and soseba


ngofangare

ngofangare (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi ڠفڠاري)

to (clitic subjective)
ri (possessive prefix)
ڠفڠاري (Jawi)

mai ngofangare tosipodo habari bato

(very formal, masculine) first-person singular pronoun, I


fajaru

fajaru (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi فجارو)

to (clitic subjective)
ri (possessive prefix)
فجارو (Jawi)
fajaro (alternative)

A shortening of ngofajaru (“id.”), itself from ngofa (“child”) + jaru (“young woman”).

(formal, feminine) first-person singular pronoun, I


fajaro

fajaro (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi فجارو)

to (clitic subjective)
ri (possessive prefix)
فجارو (Jawi)

A shortening of ngofajaro (“id.”), itself from ngofa (“child”) + jaro (“young woman”).

(formal, feminine) alternative form of fajaru (“I”)


ngofajaru

ngofajaru (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi فجارو)

to (clitic subjective)
ri (possessive prefix)
فجارو (Jawi)
ngofajaro (alternative)

From ngofa (“child”) + jaru (“young woman”).

(very formal, feminine) first-person singular pronoun, I


ngofajaro

ngofajaro (subject clitic to, possessive prefix ri, Jawi فجارو)

From ngofa (“child”) + jaro (“young woman”).

(very formal, feminine) alternative form of ngofajaru (“I”)


jou ngoni

jou ngoni (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi جوو ڠوني)

no (clitic subjective)
ni (possessive prefix)
جوو ڠوني (Jawi)

(very formal) second-person singular pronoun, you, my Lord


ngomi

ngomi (subject clitic mi, possessive prefix mi or mia, Jawi ڠومي)

mi (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
mia (possessive prefix)
ڠومي (Jawi)

first-person plural exclusive pronoun, we


fangare ngomi

fangare ngomi (subject clitic mi, possessive prefix mi or mia, Jawi فڠاري ڠومي)

mi (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
mia (possessive prefix)
فڠاري ڠومي (Jawi)

(formal, masculine) first-person plural exclusive pronoun, we


fajaru ngomi

fajaru ngomi (subject clitic mi, possessive prefix mi or mia, Jawi فجارو ڠومي)

mi (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
mia (possessive prefix)
فجارو ڠومي (Jawi)
fajaro ngomi (alternative)

(formal, feminine) first-person plural exclusive pronoun, we


fajaro ngomi

fajaro ngomi (subject clitic mi, possessive prefix mi or mia, Jawi فجارو ڠومي)

mi (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
mia (possessive prefix)
فجارو ڠومي (Jawi)

(formal, feminine) alternative form of fajaru ngomi (“we (exclusive)”)


fara ngomi

fara ngomi (subject clitic mi, possessive prefix mi or mia)

mi (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
mia (possessive prefix)

(formal, mixed gender) first-person plural exclusive pronoun, we


mia-

first-person plural exclusive possessive pronoun, our


nia-

second-person plural possessive prefix, your


ngoto

Univerbation of ngori (“I”) + to- (“first-person singular clitic”)

univ

ngoto hohe bahaya


fangoto

Univerbation of fangare (“I”) + to- (“first-person singular clitic”)


Tobaru

(historical) an administrative district on the west coast of North Halmahera

a kecamatan in the North Halmahera regency


surugogo

Said by Hayami-Allen to be from suru (“to slip something in”) + gogo (“body hair”).


soasoa

Cognate with Indonesian soa-soa (“Hydrosaurus amboinensis”).


sodihi

tosodihi (first-person singular)
fosodihi (first-person inclusive plural)
misodihi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosodihi (second-person singular)
nisodihi (plural second-person)
osodihi (masculine singular third-person)
isodihi (masculine plural third-person)
yosodihi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosodihi (feminine singular third-person)
isodihi (feminine plural third-person)
yosodihi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isodihi (neuter singular third-person)
isodihi (neuter plural third-person)
yosodihi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sogili

Monopterus albus
Monopterus albus#Translingual


jingutu

alternative form of jongutu (“mat, sleeping mat”)


nunasi

alternative form of nanasi (“pineapple”)


soloba

tosoloba (first-person singular)
fosoloba (first-person inclusive plural)
misoloba (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoloba (second-person singular)
nisoloba (plural second-person)
osoloba (masculine singular third-person)
isoloba (masculine plural third-person)
yosoloba (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoloba (feminine singular third-person)
isoloba (feminine plural third-person)
yosoloba (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoloba (neuter singular third-person)
isoloba (neuter plural third-person)
yosoloba (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sololo

tosololo (first-person singular)
fosololo (first-person inclusive plural)
misololo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosololo (second-person singular)
nisololo (plural second-person)
osololo (masculine singular third-person)
isololo (masculine plural third-person)
yosololo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosololo (feminine singular third-person)
isololo (feminine plural third-person)
yosololo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isololo (neuter singular third-person)
isololo (neuter plural third-person)
yosololo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly from so- + lolo (“to feel for, to grope with the hands”).

prefix

(stative, of the genitals) to be exposed


sompo

tosompo (first-person singular)
fosompo (first-person inclusive plural)
misompo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosompo (second-person singular)
nisompo (plural second-person)
osompo (masculine singular third-person)
isompo (masculine plural third-person)
yosompo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosompo (feminine singular third-person)
isompo (feminine plural third-person)
yosompo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isompo (neuter singular third-person)
isompo (neuter plural third-person)
yosompo (archaic neuter plural third-person)
sompong (alternative)

(transitive) to carry on one's shoulders


sompong

tosompong (first-person singular)
fosompong (first-person inclusive plural)
misompong (exclusive first-person plural)
nosompong (second-person singular)
nisompong (plural second-person)
osompong (masculine singular third-person)
isompong (masculine plural third-person)
yosompong (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosompong (feminine singular third-person)
isompong (feminine plural third-person)
yosompong (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isompong (neuter singular third-person)
isompong (neuter plural third-person)
yosompong (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Cognate with North Moluccan Malay sompong.

(transitive) alternative form of sompo (“carry on one's shoulders”)


sonanga

tego masonangah

domaha oras masonangah adi

rimoi se masonangah


songara

tosongara (first-person singular)
fosongara (first-person inclusive plural)
misongara (exclusive first-person plural)
nosongara (second-person singular)
nisongara (plural second-person)
osongara (masculine singular third-person)
isongara (masculine plural third-person)
yosongara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosongara (feminine singular third-person)
isongara (feminine plural third-person)
yosongara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isongara (neuter singular third-person)
isongara (neuter plural third-person)
yosongara (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sonyiha

Possibly related to nyiha (“Canarium indicum”).

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual


sosara

a naturally occurring segment or portion of a fruit (as opposed to a cut or slice)


soropa

tosoropa (first-person singular)
fosoropa (first-person inclusive plural)
misoropa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosoropa (second-person singular)
nisoropa (plural second-person)
osoropa (masculine singular third-person)
isoropa (masculine plural third-person)
yosoropa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosoropa (feminine singular third-person)
isoropa (feminine plural third-person)
yosoropa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isoropa (neuter singular third-person)
isoropa (neuter plural third-person)
yosoropa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sosadu

Partial reduplication of sadu (“to scoop”).


sosaha

Partial reduplication of saha (“underside; palm, sole”).

rdp

sosaha salaka rimoi sijahe serwet bobudo

a silver salver covered with a white napkin


sosala

Partial reduplication of sala (“fault, at fault”)


soseba

Partial reduplication of seba (“to be near”).

the Sultan's retinue; those who carry his sword, stick, sauba, and spittoon


sosere

tososere (first-person singular)
fososere (first-person inclusive plural)
misosere (exclusive first-person plural)
nososere (second-person singular)
nisosere (plural second-person)
ososere (masculine singular third-person)
isosere (masculine plural third-person)
yososere (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mososere (feminine singular third-person)
isosere (feminine plural third-person)
yososere (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isosere (neuter singular third-person)
isosere (neuter plural third-person)
yososere (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sosifo

Partial reduplication of sifo (“to club”).


sosolo

Partial reduplication of solo (“upriver”).


yogoyogo

Reduplication of yogo (“fast, to hurry”).


yoyoga

toyoyoga (first-person singular)
foyoyoga (first-person inclusive plural)
miyoyoga (exclusive first-person plural)
noyoyoga (second-person singular)
niyoyoga (plural second-person)
oyoyoga (masculine singular third-person)
iyoyoga (masculine plural third-person)
yoyoyoga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moyoyoga (feminine singular third-person)
iyoyoga (feminine plural third-person)
yoyoyoga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iyoyoga (neuter singular third-person)
iyoyoga (neuter plural third-person)
yoyoyoga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


guraci

From N- (nominalizer) + kuraci (“yellow”). Compare also Tidore guraci (“gold”).

rante guraci


sosone

tososone (first-person singular)
fososone (first-person inclusive plural)
misosone (exclusive first-person plural)
nososone (second-person singular)
nisosone (plural second-person)
ososone (masculine singular third-person)
isosone (masculine plural third-person)
yososone (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mososone (feminine singular third-person)
isosone (feminine plural third-person)
yososone (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isosone (neuter singular third-person)
isosone (neuter plural third-person)
yososone (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Partial reduplication of sone (“to die”).


lofonita

لوفونيته (Jawi)

From lofo (“near, almost”) + nita (“daylight”).


sosonita

The second component is nita (“daylight”).


sosonoto

Partial reduplication of sonoto (“to chisel”).


sosoro

tososoro (first-person singular)
fososoro (first-person inclusive plural)
misosoro (exclusive first-person plural)
nososoro (second-person singular)
nisosoro (plural second-person)
ososoro (masculine singular third-person)
isosoro (masculine plural third-person)
yososoro (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mososoro (feminine singular third-person)
isosoro (feminine plural third-person)
yososoro (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isosoro (neuter singular third-person)
isosoro (neuter plural third-person)
yososoro (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sosoro gai

any of a number of hairy, stinging, or itchy caterpillars


sosua

Partial reduplication of sua (“to comb hair”).


sosudo

Partial reduplication of sudo (“to order”).


sosugo

Partial reduplication of sugo (“to breathe”).


sosuko

May be a partial reduplication of an unattested *suko. If so, compare Sahu susu'ono (“to be leaking”).


souyu

the moths Ebodina simplex or Ebodina circensis


soweko

سوويکو (Jawi)


sowohi

tosowohi (first-person singular)
fosowohi (first-person inclusive plural)
misowohi (exclusive first-person plural)
nosowohi (second-person singular)
nisowohi (plural second-person)
osowohi (masculine singular third-person)
isowohi (masculine plural third-person)
yosowohi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosowohi (feminine singular third-person)
isowohi (feminine plural third-person)
yosowohi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isowohi (neuter singular third-person)
isowohi (neuter plural third-person)
yosowohi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


spiong

From Dutch spion, possibly through North Moluccan Malay.


suak

tosuak (first-person singular)
fosuak (first-person inclusive plural)
misuak (exclusive first-person plural)
nosuak (second-person singular)
nisuak (plural second-person)
osuak (masculine singular third-person)
isuak (masculine plural third-person)
yosuak (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosuak (feminine singular third-person)
isuak (feminine plural third-person)
yosuak (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isuak (neuter singular third-person)
isuak (neuter plural third-person)
yosuak (archaic neuter plural third-person)


subasuba

Reduplication of suba (“to praise, to worship”).


suwisa

سويس (Jawi)
tosuwisa (first-person singular)
fosuwisa (first-person inclusive plural)
misuwisa (exclusive first-person plural)
nosuwisa (second-person singular)
nisuwisa (plural second-person)
osuwisa (masculine singular third-person)
isuwisa (masculine plural third-person)
yosuwisa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosuwisa (feminine singular third-person)
isuwisa (feminine plural third-person)
yosuwisa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isuwisa (neuter singular third-person)
isuwisa (neuter plural third-person)
yosuwisa (archaic neuter plural third-person)
suisa (alternative)

(intransitive) to play the gendang, kendhang


sukare

tosukare (first-person singular)
fosukare (first-person inclusive plural)
misukare (exclusive first-person plural)
nosukare (second-person singular)
nisukare (plural second-person)
osukare (masculine singular third-person)
isukare (masculine plural third-person)
yosukare (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosukare (feminine singular third-person)
isukare (feminine plural third-person)
yosukare (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isukare (neuter singular third-person)
isukare (neuter plural third-person)
yosukare (archaic neuter plural third-person)


sumesume

tosumesume (first-person singular)
fosumesume (first-person inclusive plural)
misumesume (exclusive first-person plural)
nosumesume (second-person singular)
nisumesume (plural second-person)
osumesume (masculine singular third-person)
isumesume (masculine plural third-person)
yosumesume (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosumesume (feminine singular third-person)
isumesume (feminine plural third-person)
yosumesume (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isumesume (neuter singular third-person)
isumesume (neuter plural third-person)
yosumesume (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Reduplication of sume (“to blow one's nose”).


gulegule tamelo

a mung bean porridge (symbolizing abundance, cornucopia)


suramo

Cognate with West Makian sauramu (“fog”).


sorogogo

tosorogogo (first-person singular)
fosorogogo (first-person inclusive plural)
misorogogo (exclusive first-person plural)
nosorogogo (second-person singular)
nisorogogo (plural second-person)
osorogogo (masculine singular third-person)
isorogogo (masculine plural third-person)
yosorogogo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mosorogogo (feminine singular third-person)
isorogogo (feminine plural third-person)
yosorogogo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
isorogogo (neuter singular third-person)
isorogogo (neuter plural third-person)
yosorogogo (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Possibly with contamination from soro (“to fly”), in the sense of to fly in.

alternative form of surugogo (“to choke”)


susuramo

Partial reduplication of suramo (“fog”).


sutara

From Malay sutera, from Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra).


ragaraga

Reduplication of raga (“to open one's hand”).


ragaraga mahera

Literally, the fingers' mother (the mother among the fingers). Compare Indonesian ibu jari.


ragaraga istinja

head

راݢه راݢه إستينجه

ragaraga istinja (Jawi راݢه راݢه إستينجه)

tft-noun

راݢه راݢه إستينجه

راݢه راݢه إستينجه (Jawi)


rajabau

the fish Plectorhinchus lessonii or Plectorhinchus vittatus


rambega

Likely from Malay rembega (compare also Malay lembega, lembiaga).

Calotropis gigantea
Calotropis gigantea#Translingual


rararara

torararara (first-person singular)
forararara (first-person inclusive plural)
mirararara (exclusive first-person plural)
norararara (second-person singular)
nirararara (plural second-person)
orararara (masculine singular third-person)
irararara (masculine plural third-person)
yorararara (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morararara (feminine singular third-person)
irararara (feminine plural third-person)
yorararara (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irararara (neuter singular third-person)
irararara (neuter plural third-person)
yorararara (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fadu

tofadu (first-person singular)
fofadu (first-person inclusive plural)
mifadu (exclusive first-person plural)
nofadu (second-person singular)
nifadu (plural second-person)
ofadu (masculine singular third-person)
ifadu (masculine plural third-person)
yofadu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofadu (feminine singular third-person)
ifadu (feminine plural third-person)
yofadu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifadu (neuter singular third-person)
ifadu (neuter plural third-person)
yofadu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


faduli

tofaduli (first-person singular)
fofaduli (first-person inclusive plural)
mifaduli (exclusive first-person plural)
nofaduli (second-person singular)
nifaduli (plural second-person)
ofaduli (masculine singular third-person)
ifaduli (masculine plural third-person)
yofaduli (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofaduli (feminine singular third-person)
ifaduli (feminine plural third-person)
yofaduli (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifaduli (neuter singular third-person)
ifaduli (neuter plural third-person)
yofaduli (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Ultimately from Arabic فُضُولِيّ (fuḍūliyy, “curious, inquisitive”). Cognate with Malay peduli.


faeda

From Malay faedah, from Arabic فَائِدَة (fāʔida).


fael

Ultimately from Arabic فَعْل (faʕl, “deed, action”).


fafa

desc

→ Manado Malay: mafafa (“palm leaf midrib”) (with Ternate possessive ma-)


fahe

tofahe (first-person singular)
fofahe (first-person inclusive plural)
mifahe (exclusive first-person plural)
nofahe (second-person singular)
nifahe (plural second-person)
ofahe (masculine singular third-person)
ifahe (masculine plural third-person)
yofahe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofahe (feminine singular third-person)
ifahe (feminine plural third-person)
yofahe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifahe (neuter singular third-person)
ifahe (neuter plural third-person)
yofahe (archaic neuter plural third-person)


falalom

*falalomu

Sahu: falalomu, falalom

Tabaru: falalomu

Pagu: falalom

From fala (“house”) + lomu (“to gather, collect, assemble”).


falalamo

From fala (“house”) + lamo (“big, large”).


fallamo

From the older falalamo, with vowel elision preceding the stressed syllable.

alternative form of falalamo (“living room”)


fandun

tofandun (first-person singular)
fofandun (first-person inclusive plural)
mifandun (exclusive first-person plural)
nofandun (second-person singular)
nifandun (plural second-person)
ofandun (masculine singular third-person)
ifandun (masculine plural third-person)
yofandun (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofandun (feminine singular third-person)
ifandun (feminine plural third-person)
yofandun (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifandun (neuter singular third-person)
ifandun (neuter plural third-person)
yofandun (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Likely from Arabic فَرْضٌ (farḍun) (with assimilation), nominative of فَرْض (farḍ, “duty, obligation”). Compare also Sranan Tongo fandun (“necessary”).


faneti

From Portuguese alfinete, with loss of initial al. Compare Malay peniti.


fanyira

A shortening of ngofamanyira (“village chief”, literally “eldest child”).


faramadani

→ Galela: faramadani

Said by Hayami-Allen to be from Indonesian permadani, which is from Javanese ꦥꦼꦂꦩꦢꦤꦶ (permadani), from Malayalam പരവതാനി (paravatāni). Alternatively, directly from Old Javanese paramadani, possibly after passing through Proto-Ternate-Tidore.


fastiu

tofastiu (first-person singular)
fofastiu (first-person inclusive plural)
mifastiu (exclusive first-person plural)
nofastiu (second-person singular)
nifastiu (plural second-person)
ofastiu (masculine singular third-person)
ifastiu (masculine plural third-person)
yofastiu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofastiu (feminine singular third-person)
ifastiu (feminine plural third-person)
yofastiu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifastiu (neuter singular third-person)
ifastiu (neuter plural third-person)
yofastiu (archaic neuter plural third-person)
pastiu (alternative)

From Portuguese fastio, from Latin fastīdium.


pastiu

topastiu (first-person singular)
fopastiu (first-person inclusive plural)
mipastiu (exclusive first-person plural)
nopastiu (second-person singular)
nipastiu (plural second-person)
opastiu (masculine singular third-person)
ipastiu (masculine plural third-person)
yopastiu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mopastiu (feminine singular third-person)
ipastiu (feminine plural third-person)
yopastiu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ipastiu (neuter singular third-person)
ipastiu (neuter plural third-person)
yopastiu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


kadato

کداتو (Jawi)
kadatu (alternative)
kadatung (alternative)

Kadato Todore

ifere toma kadato


kadatung

From North Moluccan Malay kadatong, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦝꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (kedhaton).


festa sara toca

a Ternatean celebration or ceremony, whereby a new house is inaugurated by burning candles


fetefete

the poison bulb or giant crinum lily (Crinum asiaticum)


fikafika

Reduplication of fika (“ash”). Compare Malay abu-abu (“gray”), also a reduplication of abu (“ash”).


fitake

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bitaquʀ, possibly through Proto-Oceanic *pitaquR.

Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum#Translingual


fiyau

tofiyau (first-person singular)
fofiyau (first-person inclusive plural)
mifiyau (exclusive first-person plural)
nofiyau (second-person singular)
nifiyau (plural second-person)
ofiyau (masculine singular third-person)
ifiyau (masculine plural third-person)
yofiyau (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofiyau (feminine singular third-person)
ifiyau (feminine plural third-person)
yofiyau (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifiyau (neuter singular third-person)
ifiyau (neuter plural third-person)
yofiyau (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fofi

tofofi (first-person singular)
fofofi (first-person inclusive plural)
mifofi (exclusive first-person plural)
nofofi (second-person singular)
nifofi (plural second-person)
ofofi (masculine singular third-person)
ifofi (masculine plural third-person)
yofofi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofofi (feminine singular third-person)
ifofi (feminine plural third-person)
yofofi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifofi (neuter singular third-person)
ifofi (neuter plural third-person)
yofofi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fofoheka

Partial reduplication of foheka (“wife, woman”).


foforai

tofoforai (first-person singular)
fofoforai (first-person inclusive plural)
mifoforai (exclusive first-person plural)
nofoforai (second-person singular)
nifoforai (plural second-person)
ofoforai (masculine singular third-person)
ifoforai (masculine plural third-person)
yofoforai (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofoforai (feminine singular third-person)
ifoforai (feminine plural third-person)
yofoforai (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifoforai (neuter singular third-person)
ifoforai (neuter plural third-person)
yofoforai (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Partial reduplication of forai (“to strew, drizzle”).


fofuru

tofofuru (first-person singular)
fofofuru (first-person inclusive plural)
mifofuru (exclusive first-person plural)
nofofuru (second-person singular)
nifofuru (plural second-person)
ofofuru (masculine singular third-person)
ifofuru (masculine plural third-person)
yofofuru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofofuru (feminine singular third-person)
ifofuru (feminine plural third-person)
yofofuru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifofuru (neuter singular third-person)
ifofuru (neuter plural third-person)
yofofuru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


foheka

Ultimately from Proto-North Halmahera (likely of the form *p₁o.ḋe.ka); compare Galela peḋeka, Loloda wejeka, Sahu were'a, Tidore foyaa.
Tobelo hekata, Tabaru wekata, and Pagu wekat do not correspond to this form.


foriki

toforiki (first-person singular)
foforiki (first-person inclusive plural)
miforiki (exclusive first-person plural)
noforiki (second-person singular)
niforiki (plural second-person)
oforiki (masculine singular third-person)
iforiki (masculine plural third-person)
yoforiki (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moforiki (feminine singular third-person)
iforiki (feminine plural third-person)
yoforiki (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iforiki (neuter singular third-person)
iforiki (neuter plural third-person)
yoforiki (archaic neuter plural third-person)


forok

From Dutch vork, from Middle Dutch vorke, from Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca.


foturu

tofoturu (first-person singular)
fofoturu (first-person inclusive plural)
mifoturu (exclusive first-person plural)
nofoturu (second-person singular)
nifoturu (plural second-person)
ofoturu (masculine singular third-person)
ifoturu (masculine plural third-person)
yofoturu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofoturu (feminine singular third-person)
ifoturu (feminine plural third-person)
yofoturu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifoturu (neuter singular third-person)
ifoturu (neuter plural third-person)
yofoturu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fulaja

tofulaja (first-person singular)
fofulaja (first-person inclusive plural)
mifulaja (exclusive first-person plural)
nofulaja (second-person singular)
nifulaja (plural second-person)
ofulaja (masculine singular third-person)
ifulaja (masculine plural third-person)
yofulaja (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofulaja (feminine singular third-person)
ifulaja (feminine plural third-person)
yofulaja (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifulaja (neuter singular third-person)
ifulaja (neuter plural third-person)
yofulaja (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fuling

tofuling (first-person singular)
fofuling (first-person inclusive plural)
mifuling (exclusive first-person plural)
nofuling (second-person singular)
nifuling (plural second-person)
ofuling (masculine singular third-person)
ifuling (masculine plural third-person)
yofuling (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofuling (feminine singular third-person)
ifuling (feminine plural third-person)
yofuling (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifuling (neuter singular third-person)
ifuling (neuter plural third-person)
yofuling (archaic neuter plural third-person)


fuohate

alternative spelling of fuo hate (“pigeon pea”)


furaga

tofuraga (first-person singular)
fofuraga (first-person inclusive plural)
mifuraga (exclusive first-person plural)
nofuraga (second-person singular)
nifuraga (plural second-person)
ofuraga (masculine singular third-person)
ifuraga (masculine plural third-person)
yofuraga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofuraga (feminine singular third-person)
ifuraga (feminine plural third-person)
yofuraga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifuraga (neuter singular third-person)
ifuraga (neuter plural third-person)
yofuraga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


furasa

tofurasa (first-person singular)
fofurasa (first-person inclusive plural)
mifurasa (exclusive first-person plural)
nofurasa (second-person singular)
nifurasa (plural second-person)
ofurasa (masculine singular third-person)
ifurasa (masculine plural third-person)
yofurasa (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mofurasa (feminine singular third-person)
ifurasa (feminine plural third-person)
yofurasa (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ifurasa (neuter singular third-person)
ifurasa (neuter plural third-person)
yofurasa (archaic neuter plural third-person)


futulobi

alternative spelling of futu lobi, itself an alternative form of difutu lobi (“tomorrow night”)


rengke

torengke (first-person singular)
forengke (first-person inclusive plural)
mirengke (exclusive first-person plural)
norengke (second-person singular)
nirengke (plural second-person)
orengke (masculine singular third-person)
irengke (masculine plural third-person)
yorengke (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morengke (feminine singular third-person)
irengke (feminine plural third-person)
yorengke (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irengke (neuter singular third-person)
irengke (neuter plural third-person)
yorengke (archaic neuter plural third-person)


Robo

From Malay Rabu, from Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ).

der

الأَرْبَعَاء

Arabic الأَرْبَعَاء (al-ʔarbaʕāʔ)


rofu

torofu (first-person singular)
forofu (first-person inclusive plural)
mirofu (exclusive first-person plural)
norofu (second-person singular)
nirofu (plural second-person)
orofu (masculine singular third-person)
irofu (masculine plural third-person)
yorofu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morofu (feminine singular third-person)
irofu (feminine plural third-person)
yorofu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irofu (neuter singular third-person)
irofu (neuter plural third-person)
yorofu (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(transitive) to pull out, remove, extract


rongge

torongge (first-person singular)
forongge (first-person inclusive plural)
mirongge (exclusive first-person plural)
norongge (second-person singular)
nirongge (plural second-person)
orongge (masculine singular third-person)
irongge (masculine plural third-person)
yorongge (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morongge (feminine singular third-person)
irongge (feminine plural third-person)
yorongge (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irongge (neuter singular third-person)
irongge (neuter plural third-person)
yorongge (archaic neuter plural third-person)


roraka

tororaka (first-person singular)
fororaka (first-person inclusive plural)
miroraka (exclusive first-person plural)
nororaka (second-person singular)
niroraka (plural second-person)
ororaka (masculine singular third-person)
iroraka (masculine plural third-person)
yororaka (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mororaka (feminine singular third-person)
iroraka (feminine plural third-person)
yororaka (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iroraka (neuter singular third-person)
iroraka (neuter plural third-person)
yororaka (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Said by Hayami-Allen to be a partial reduplication of raka (“to be funny”).


rorasa

Partial reduplication of the Malay root rasa (“feeling”).


rorebe

tororebe (first-person singular)
fororebe (first-person inclusive plural)
mirorebe (exclusive first-person plural)
nororebe (second-person singular)
nirorebe (plural second-person)
ororebe (masculine singular third-person)
irorebe (masculine plural third-person)
yororebe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mororebe (feminine singular third-person)
irorebe (feminine plural third-person)
yororebe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irorebe (neuter singular third-person)
irorebe (neuter plural third-person)
yororebe (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Likely a partial reduplication. Compare Sahu rebe (“to bet”).


roriha

Partial reduplication of riha (“red, aflame”).


rorio

Partial reduplication of rio (“to help”).


ruahe

toruahe (first-person singular)
foruahe (first-person inclusive plural)
miruahe (exclusive first-person plural)
noruahe (second-person singular)
niruahe (plural second-person)
oruahe (masculine singular third-person)
iruahe (masculine plural third-person)
yoruahe (archaic masculine plural third-person)
moruahe (feminine singular third-person)
iruahe (feminine plural third-person)
yoruahe (archaic feminine plural third-person)
iruahe (neuter singular third-person)
iruahe (neuter plural third-person)
yoruahe (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Cognate with Sahu ruwahe (“to stir, spread”).


rumasake

From North Moluccan Malay, from Indonesian rumah sakit (“hospital”), itself a calque of Dutch ziekenhuis.


nyabo

Cognate with Sahu nyaboto (“wound”) and possibly West Makian abo (“wounded”).


nyemo

tonyemo (first-person singular)
fonyemo (first-person inclusive plural)
minyemo (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyemo (second-person singular)
ninyemo (plural second-person)
onyemo (masculine singular third-person)
inyemo (masculine plural third-person)
yonyemo (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyemo (feminine singular third-person)
inyemo (feminine plural third-person)
yonyemo (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyemo (neuter singular third-person)
inyemo (neuter plural third-person)
yonyemo (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyifi

tonyifi (first-person singular)
fonyifi (first-person inclusive plural)
minyifi (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyifi (second-person singular)
ninyifi (plural second-person)
onyifi (masculine singular third-person)
inyifi (masculine plural third-person)
yonyifi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyifi (feminine singular third-person)
inyifi (feminine plural third-person)
yonyifi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyifi (neuter singular third-person)
inyifi (neuter plural third-person)
yonyifi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyigu

tonyigu (first-person singular)
fonyigu (first-person inclusive plural)
minyigu (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyigu (second-person singular)
ninyigu (plural second-person)
onyigu (masculine singular third-person)
inyigu (masculine plural third-person)
yonyigu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyigu (feminine singular third-person)
inyigu (feminine plural third-person)
yonyigu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyigu (neuter singular third-person)
inyigu (neuter plural third-person)
yonyigu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyiha

Cognate with West Makian ifa (“kenari”), Sula ipa (“kenari”).


nyiru

tonyiru (first-person singular)
fonyiru (first-person inclusive plural)
minyiru (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyiru (second-person singular)
ninyiru (plural second-person)
onyiru (masculine singular third-person)
inyiru (masculine plural third-person)
yonyiru (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyiru (feminine singular third-person)
inyiru (feminine plural third-person)
yonyiru (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyiru (neuter singular third-person)
inyiru (neuter plural third-person)
yonyiru (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyodi

tonyodi (first-person singular)
fonyodi (first-person inclusive plural)
minyodi (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyodi (second-person singular)
ninyodi (plural second-person)
onyodi (masculine singular third-person)
inyodi (masculine plural third-person)
yonyodi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyodi (feminine singular third-person)
inyodi (feminine plural third-person)
yonyodi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyodi (neuter singular third-person)
inyodi (neuter plural third-person)
yonyodi (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyoga

tonyoga (first-person singular)
fonyoga (first-person inclusive plural)
minyoga (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyoga (second-person singular)
ninyoga (plural second-person)
onyoga (masculine singular third-person)
inyoga (masculine plural third-person)
yonyoga (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyoga (feminine singular third-person)
inyoga (feminine plural third-person)
yonyoga (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyoga (neuter singular third-person)
inyoga (neuter plural third-person)
yonyoga (archaic neuter plural third-person)


nyonyau

Partial reduplication of hau (“to fish”) with N- prefixation.


nyonyifi

Partial reduplication of nyifi (“to sharpen”). Cognate with Tabaru niniwiti (“whetstone”).


nyonyodi

Partial reduplication of nyodi (“to look”).


nyonyohi

tonyonyohi (first-person singular)
fonyonyohi (first-person inclusive plural)
minyonyohi (exclusive first-person plural)
nonyonyohi (second-person singular)
ninyonyohi (plural second-person)
onyonyohi (masculine singular third-person)
inyonyohi (masculine plural third-person)
yonyonyohi (archaic masculine plural third-person)
monyonyohi (feminine singular third-person)
inyonyohi (feminine plural third-person)
yonyonyohi (archaic feminine plural third-person)
inyonyohi (neuter singular third-person)
inyonyohi (neuter plural third-person)
yonyonyohi (archaic neuter plural third-person)

From N- + hohi (“to count”), with partial reduplication.


rurururu

torurururu (first-person singular)
forurururu (first-person inclusive plural)
mirurururu (exclusive first-person plural)
norurururu (second-person singular)
nirurururu (plural second-person)
orurururu (masculine singular third-person)
irurururu (masculine plural third-person)
yorurururu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
morurururu (feminine singular third-person)
irurururu (feminine plural third-person)
yorurururu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
irurururu (neuter singular third-person)
irurururu (neuter plural third-person)
yorurururu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


posiposi

ڤوسي ڤوسي (Jawi)


gunange

the green tree ant (Oecophylla smaragdina)


gia maragaraga

gia maragaraga ma tuguhera


sangaji

(historical) A vassal chief subordinate to the sultan, held by noblemen in the Ternate and Tidore sultanates and kingdoms in their periphery


ngone

head

ngone (subject clitic fo, possessive prefix na or nga, Jawi ڠوني)

fo (clitic subjective)
nga (possessive prefix)
ڠوني (Jawi)

first-person plural inclusive pronoun, we


cacabu

Partial reduplication of cabu (“a little”).


cacu

tocacu (first-person singular)
focacu (first-person inclusive plural)
micacu (exclusive first-person plural)
nocacu (second-person singular)
nicacu (plural second-person)
ocacu (masculine singular third-person)
icacu (masculine plural third-person)
yocacu (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mocacu (feminine singular third-person)
icacu (feminine plural third-person)
yocacu (archaic feminine plural third-person)
icacu (neuter singular third-person)
icacu (neuter plural third-person)
yocacu (archaic neuter plural third-person)


cafarune

tocafarune (first-person singular)
focafarune (first-person inclusive plural)
micafarune (exclusive first-person plural)
nocafarune (second-person singular)
nicafarune (plural second-person)
ocafarune (masculine singular third-person)
icafarune (masculine plural third-person)
yocafarune (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mocafarune (feminine singular third-person)
icafarune (feminine plural third-person)
yocafarune (archaic feminine plural third-person)
icafarune (neuter singular third-person)
icafarune (neuter plural third-person)
yocafarune (archaic neuter plural third-person)

Compare Manado Malay caparuni (“dirty”).


cafi

Cognate with Sahu cawi (“coconut shell”).


tasube

From Javanese tasbèh, from Arabic تَسْبِيح (tasbīḥ). The second meaning may derive from a possible use of the seeds of Canna indica for making a misbaha.


kolfino

tokolfino (first-person singular)
fokolfino (first-person inclusive plural)
mikolfino (exclusive first-person plural)
nokolfino (second-person singular)
nikolfino (plural second-person)
okolfino (masculine singular third-person)
ikolfino (masculine plural third-person)
yokolfino (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mokolfino (feminine singular third-person)
ikolfino (feminine plural third-person)
yokolfino (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ikolfino (neuter singular third-person)
ikolfino (neuter plural third-person)
yokolfino (archaic neuter plural third-person)

(stative) alternative form of kolofino (“afraid”)


kolofino

کلفينو (Jawi)
tokolofino (first-person singular)
fokolofino (first-person inclusive plural)
mikolofino (exclusive first-person plural)
nokolofino (second-person singular)
nikolofino (plural second-person)
okolofino (masculine singular third-person)
ikolofino (masculine plural third-person)
yokolofino (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mokolofino (feminine singular third-person)
ikolofino (feminine plural third-person)
yokolofino (archaic feminine plural third-person)
ikolofino (neuter singular third-person)
ikolofino (neuter plural third-person)
yokolofino (archaic neuter plural third-person)
kolfino (alternative)
golofino (alternative)
golfino (alternative)

Cognate with Tidore kolofino (“afraid, scared”). Outside of North Halmahera, compare Sentani kulukulu.

سبب کلفينو باتو ممناره

only because they were afraid did they act

ݢناڤو کلفينو

تلالو کلفينو

(stative) to be alarmed, concerned (out of fear)


golfino

togolfino (first-person singular)
fogolfino (first-person inclusive plural)
migolfino (exclusive first-person plural)
nogolfino (second-person singular)
nigolfino (plural second-person)
ogolfino (masculine singular third-person)
igolfino (masculine plural third-person)
yogolfino (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mogolfino (feminine singular third-person)
igolfino (feminine plural third-person)
yogolfino (archaic feminine plural third-person)
igolfino (neuter singular third-person)
igolfino (neuter plural third-person)
yogolfino (archaic neuter plural third-person)


golofino

From N- (nominalizer) + kolofino (“afraid”).


golofino

togolofino (first-person singular)
fogolofino (first-person inclusive plural)
migolofino (exclusive first-person plural)
nogolofino (second-person singular)
nigolofino (plural second-person)
ogolofino (masculine singular third-person)
igolofino (masculine plural third-person)
yogolofino (archaic masculine plural third-person)
mogolofino (feminine singular third-person)
igolofino (feminine plural third-person)
yogolofino (archaic feminine plural third-person)
igolofino (neuter singular third-person)
igolofino (neuter plural third-person)
yogolofino (archaic neuter plural third-person)


golocifi

kolcifi (alternative)
kolocifi (alternative)
golcifi (alternative)


tuada

Compare Sahu cuada'a, Waioli tuada'a, Tobelo tuada, cuaraka, Galela tuada; the exact relationship between each of these is uncertain. Externally, compare Banjarese tiwadak, Brunei Malay tibadak, suggesting an early Austronesian borrowing.


juanga

Cognates include Tidore juanga, Sahu juangan, Loloda juangana, and Tabaru juangana. On this basis, a form like *juaŋan is reconstructible, likely to the Pre-Proto-Ternate-Tidore stage, from which it was borrowed into the other North Halmaheran languages. The term may ultimately come from a suffixed form of Old Javanese joṅ, especially if a form jwaṅ also existed.

the juanga, a large Ternatean warship, particularly associated with the Sultanate


Jailolo

Cognate to Sahu Jaiḏolo, which likely indicates the Ternate term isn't native (a *Jaidolo would be expected); perhaps borrowed from Tidore or the former language of Jailolo. May further be cognate to Galela dailolo (“ovary”) or Tabaru jailolo (“sago-holder”), itself nonnative.