tago

totago (exclusive first-person plural)
fotago (first-person plural)
mitago (first-person plural)
notago (exclusive plural second-person)
nitago (plural second-person)
otago (masculine plural third-person)
itago (masculine third-person)
yotago (masculine third-person)
motago (feminine masculine)
itago (feminine)
yotago (feminine)
itago (masculine neuter)
itago (neuter)
yotago (neuter)


fere

فيري (Jawi)
tofere (exclusive first-person plural)
fofere (first-person plural)
mifere (first-person plural)
nofere (exclusive plural second-person)
nifere (plural second-person)
ofere (masculine plural third-person)
ifere (masculine third-person)
yofere (masculine third-person)
mofere (feminine masculine)
ifere (feminine)
yofere (feminine)
ifere (masculine neuter)
ifere (neuter)
yofere (neuter)

ana ifere toma kadato

(intransitive, of the Sultan's palace) to go, go to, enter


are

toare (exclusive first-person plural)
foare (first-person plural)
miare (first-person plural)
noare (exclusive plural second-person)
niare (plural second-person)
oare (masculine plural third-person)
iare (masculine third-person)
yoare (masculine third-person)
moare (feminine masculine)
iare (feminine)
yoare (feminine)
iare (masculine neuter)
iare (neuter)
yoare (neuter)


fero

tofero (exclusive first-person plural)
fofero (first-person plural)
mifero (first-person plural)
nofero (exclusive plural second-person)
nifero (plural second-person)
ofero (masculine plural third-person)
ifero (masculine third-person)
yofero (masculine third-person)
mofero (feminine masculine)
ifero (feminine)
yofero (feminine)
ifero (masculine neuter)
ifero (neuter)
yofero (neuter)


tuba

totuba (exclusive first-person plural)
fotuba (first-person plural)
mituba (first-person plural)
notuba (exclusive plural second-person)
nituba (plural second-person)
otuba (masculine plural third-person)
ituba (masculine third-person)
yotuba (masculine third-person)
motuba (feminine masculine)
ituba (feminine)
yotuba (feminine)
ituba (masculine neuter)
ituba (neuter)
yotuba (neuter)


ate

toate (exclusive first-person plural)
foate (first-person plural)
miate (first-person plural)
noate (exclusive plural second-person)
niate (plural second-person)
oate (masculine plural third-person)
iate (masculine third-person)
yoate (masculine third-person)
moate (feminine masculine)
iate (feminine)
yoate (feminine)
iate (masculine neuter)
iate (neuter)
yoate (neuter)


upas

Ultimately from Dutch oppas, possibly through Indonesian.


el

toel (exclusive first-person plural)
foel (first-person plural)
miel (first-person plural)
noel (exclusive plural second-person)
niel (plural second-person)
oel (masculine plural third-person)
iel (masculine third-person)
yoel (masculine third-person)
moel (feminine masculine)
iel (feminine)
yoel (feminine)
iel (masculine neuter)
iel (neuter)
yoel (neuter)


tutu

totutu (exclusive first-person plural)
fotutu (first-person plural)
mitutu (first-person plural)
notutu (exclusive plural second-person)
nitutu (plural second-person)
otutu (masculine plural third-person)
itutu (masculine third-person)
yotutu (masculine third-person)
motutu (feminine masculine)
itutu (feminine)
yotutu (feminine)
itutu (masculine neuter)
itutu (neuter)
yotutu (neuter)


alo

toalo (exclusive first-person plural)
foalo (first-person plural)
mialo (first-person plural)
noalo (exclusive plural second-person)
nialo (plural second-person)
oalo (masculine plural third-person)
ialo (masculine third-person)
yoalo (masculine third-person)
moalo (feminine masculine)
ialo (feminine)
yoalo (feminine)
ialo (masculine neuter)
ialo (neuter)
yoalo (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *alo ("cold").

ake alo


om

toom (exclusive first-person plural)
foom (first-person plural)
miom (first-person plural)
noom (exclusive plural second-person)
niom (plural second-person)
oom (masculine plural third-person)
iom (masculine third-person)
yoom (masculine third-person)
moom (feminine masculine)
iom (feminine)
yoom (feminine)
iom (masculine neuter)
iom (neuter)
yoom (neuter)

From the older omu, with word-final vowel deletion.

(stative) alternative form of omu (“ripe”)


bai

tobai (exclusive first-person plural)
fobai (first-person plural)
mibai (first-person plural)
nobai (exclusive plural second-person)
nibai (plural second-person)
obai (masculine plural third-person)
ibai (masculine third-person)
yobai (masculine third-person)
mobai (feminine masculine)
ibai (feminine)
yobai (feminine)
ibai (masculine neuter)
ibai (neuter)
yobai (neuter)


bai

any of species Etelis carbunculus and Etelis radiosus of snappers.


uba

From Malay ubat (“gunpowder”). Compare with Indonesian obat.


rata

torata (exclusive first-person plural)
forata (first-person plural)
mirata (first-person plural)
norata (exclusive plural second-person)
nirata (plural second-person)
orata (masculine plural third-person)
irata (masculine third-person)
yorata (masculine third-person)
morata (feminine masculine)
irata (feminine)
yorata (feminine)
irata (masculine neuter)
irata (neuter)
yorata (neuter)

Possibly from Malay rata (“level, flat”).


aku

أكو (Jawi)
toaku (exclusive first-person plural)
foaku (first-person plural)
miaku (first-person plural)
noaku (exclusive plural second-person)
niaku (plural second-person)
oaku (masculine plural third-person)
iaku (masculine third-person)
yoaku (masculine third-person)
moaku (feminine masculine)
iaku (feminine)
yoaku (feminine)
iaku (masculine neuter)
iaku (neuter)
yoaku (neuter)

aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira

it is absolutely not allowed that they paddle earlier

una owosa toma hito, mina moaku ua

ngone fosabea ge aku


suka

tosuka (exclusive first-person plural)
fosuka (first-person plural)
misuka (first-person plural)
nosuka (exclusive plural second-person)
nisuka (plural second-person)
osuka (masculine plural third-person)
isuka (masculine third-person)
yosuka (masculine third-person)
mosuka (feminine masculine)
isuka (feminine)
yosuka (feminine)
isuka (masculine neuter)
isuka (neuter)
yosuka (neuter)


suka

From Malay suka, from Sanskrit सुख (sukha). The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + suka, which produces no change on the initial consonant s.


sung

tosung (exclusive first-person plural)
fosung (first-person plural)
misung (first-person plural)
nosung (exclusive plural second-person)
nisung (plural second-person)
osung (masculine plural third-person)
isung (masculine third-person)
yosung (masculine third-person)
mosung (feminine masculine)
isung (feminine)
yosung (feminine)
isung (masculine neuter)
isung (neuter)
yosung (neuter)


tore

totore (exclusive first-person plural)
fotore (first-person plural)
mitore (first-person plural)
notore (exclusive plural second-person)
nitore (plural second-person)
otore (masculine plural third-person)
itore (masculine third-person)
yotore (masculine third-person)
motore (feminine masculine)
itore (feminine)
yotore (feminine)
itore (masculine neuter)
itore (neuter)
yotore (neuter)


ram

toram (exclusive first-person plural)
foram (first-person plural)
miram (first-person plural)
noram (exclusive plural second-person)
niram (plural second-person)
oram (masculine plural third-person)
iram (masculine third-person)
yoram (masculine third-person)
moram (feminine masculine)
iram (feminine)
yoram (feminine)
iram (masculine neuter)
iram (neuter)
yoram (neuter)


o-

Cognate with Tehit w- (“third-person singular masculine prefix”).

cog

(masculine) third-person singular clitic, he

unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific


sango

ساڠو (Jawi)
tosango (exclusive first-person plural)
fosango (first-person plural)
misango (first-person plural)
nosango (exclusive plural second-person)
nisango (plural second-person)
osango (masculine plural third-person)
isango (masculine third-person)
yosango (masculine third-person)
mosango (feminine masculine)
isango (feminine)
yosango (feminine)
isango (masculine neuter)
isango (neuter)
yosango (neuter)


tare

totare (exclusive first-person plural)
fotare (first-person plural)
mitare (first-person plural)
notare (exclusive plural second-person)
nitare (plural second-person)
otare (masculine plural third-person)
itare (masculine third-person)
yotare (masculine third-person)
motare (feminine masculine)
itare (feminine)
yotare (feminine)
itare (masculine neuter)
itare (neuter)
yotare (neuter)


ge

namo ge


ge

ngori tomau ge

ge foke


au

From Proto-North Halmahera *aun (“blood”).


ne

namo ne


ne

ngori tomau ne

ne foke


se

ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru

I go to the market with my younger sibling

tabu se usipera

fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)

instrumental preposition: with, by, using


se

tohida riyaya se ribaba

bobato nyagimoi se tofkange

the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)


side

Cognate with Sahu sidete (“sail, to sail”).


side

toside (exclusive first-person plural)
foside (first-person plural)
miside (first-person plural)
noside (exclusive plural second-person)
niside (plural second-person)
oside (masculine plural third-person)
iside (masculine third-person)
yoside (masculine third-person)
moside (feminine masculine)
iside (feminine)
yoside (feminine)
iside (masculine neuter)
iside (neuter)
yoside (neuter)


tau

totau (exclusive first-person plural)
fotau (first-person plural)
mitau (first-person plural)
notau (exclusive plural second-person)
nitau (plural second-person)
otau (masculine plural third-person)
itau (masculine third-person)
yotau (masculine third-person)
motau (feminine masculine)
itau (feminine)
yotau (feminine)
itau (masculine neuter)
itau (neuter)
yotau (neuter)


je

ana iwaje je kolano osone

Alternative form of waje (“complementizer, that”)


topo

totopo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotopo (first-person plural)
mitopo (first-person plural)
notopo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitopo (plural second-person)
otopo (masculine plural third-person)
itopo (masculine third-person)
yotopo (masculine third-person)
motopo (feminine masculine)
itopo (feminine)
yotopo (feminine)
itopo (masculine neuter)
itopo (neuter)
yotopo (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *topok (“to pierce”).

inh

(transitive) to stick into, to stab, pierce


ton

Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)


tom

From Javanese ꦠꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (tom), from Old Javanese tom.

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


mango

tomango (exclusive first-person plural)
fomango (first-person plural)
mimango (first-person plural)
nomango (exclusive plural second-person)
nimango (plural second-person)
omango (masculine plural third-person)
imango (masculine third-person)
yomango (masculine third-person)
momango (feminine masculine)
imango (feminine)
yomango (feminine)
imango (masculine neuter)
imango (neuter)
yomango (neuter)


ado

toado (exclusive first-person plural)
foado (first-person plural)
miado (first-person plural)
noado (exclusive plural second-person)
niado (plural second-person)
oado (masculine plural third-person)
iado (masculine third-person)
yoado (masculine third-person)
moado (feminine masculine)
iado (feminine)
yoado (feminine)
iado (masculine neuter)
iado (neuter)
yoado (neuter)


hai

Cognate with West Makian fai (“millipede”).


som

tosom (exclusive first-person plural)
fosom (first-person plural)
misom (first-person plural)
nosom (exclusive plural second-person)
nisom (plural second-person)
osom (masculine plural third-person)
isom (masculine third-person)
yosom (masculine third-person)
mosom (feminine masculine)
isom (feminine)
yosom (feminine)
isom (masculine neuter)
isom (neuter)
yosom (neuter)


tale

totale (exclusive first-person plural)
fotale (first-person plural)
mitale (first-person plural)
notale (exclusive plural second-person)
nitale (plural second-person)
otale (masculine plural third-person)
itale (masculine third-person)
yotale (masculine third-person)
motale (feminine masculine)
itale (feminine)
yotale (feminine)
itale (masculine neuter)
itale (neuter)
yotale (neuter)


biu

traditional medicine
traditional medicine


coklat

Borrowed from Malay coklat, from English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate, from Nahuatl. Possibly influenced by Indonesian cokelat.

coklat:


waktu

From Malay waktu, from Arabic وَقْت (waqt).


baju

From Malay baju, from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū).


kamar

Borrowed from Indonesian kamar, from Dutch kamer, from Middle Dutch camere, from Old Dutch *kamara, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “vault”).


babu

بابو (Jawi)
tobabu (exclusive first-person plural)
fobabu (first-person plural)
mibabu (first-person plural)
nobabu (exclusive plural second-person)
nibabu (plural second-person)
obabu (masculine plural third-person)
ibabu (masculine third-person)
yobabu (masculine third-person)
mobabu (feminine masculine)
ibabu (feminine)
yobabu (feminine)
ibabu (masculine neuter)
ibabu (neuter)
yobabu (neuter)

ngofa ibabu

ibabu toma kaha


gila

togila (exclusive first-person plural)
fogila (first-person plural)
migila (first-person plural)
nogila (exclusive plural second-person)
nigila (plural second-person)
ogila (masculine plural third-person)
igila (masculine third-person)
yogila (masculine third-person)
mogila (feminine masculine)
igila (feminine)
yogila (feminine)
igila (masculine neuter)
igila (neuter)
yogila (neuter)

gumi ge igila


mau

tomau (exclusive first-person plural)
fomau (first-person plural)
mimau (first-person plural)
nomau (exclusive plural second-person)
nimau (plural second-person)
omau (masculine plural third-person)
imau (masculine third-person)
yomau (masculine third-person)
momau (feminine masculine)
imau (feminine)
yomau (feminine)
imau (masculine neuter)
imau (neuter)
yomau (neuter)


yang

pangkat yang gaku

a high position (literally, “a position which is high”)

ngofa halal yang manyirah

the legitimate eldest son (literally, “the legitimate son who is eldest”)

oto yang ikuraci ngori ri die

the yellow car is mine (literally, “the car which is yellow is my property”)


baca

tobaca (exclusive first-person plural)
fobaca (first-person plural)
mibaca (first-person plural)
nobaca (exclusive plural second-person)
nibaca (plural second-person)
obaca (masculine plural third-person)
ibaca (masculine third-person)
yobaca (masculine third-person)
mobaca (feminine masculine)
ibaca (feminine)
yobaca (feminine)
ibaca (masculine neuter)
ibaca (neuter)
yobaca (neuter)


bicara

بيچاره (Jawi)
tobicara (exclusive first-person plural)
fobicara (first-person plural)
mibicara (first-person plural)
nobicara (exclusive plural second-person)
nibicara (plural second-person)
obicara (masculine plural third-person)
ibicara (masculine third-person)
yobicara (masculine third-person)
mobicara (feminine masculine)
ibicara (feminine)
yobicara (feminine)
ibicara (masculine neuter)
ibicara (neuter)
yobicara (neuter)


tera

totera (exclusive first-person plural)
fotera (first-person plural)
mitera (first-person plural)
notera (exclusive plural second-person)
nitera (plural second-person)
otera (masculine plural third-person)
itera (masculine third-person)
yotera (masculine third-person)
motera (feminine masculine)
itera (feminine)
yotera (feminine)
itera (masculine neuter)
itera (neuter)
yotera (neuter)


tee

Likely from Malay teh, from Hokkien 茶 (tê) (Amoy dialect)


ale

toale (exclusive first-person plural)
foale (first-person plural)
miale (first-person plural)
noale (exclusive plural second-person)
niale (plural second-person)
oale (masculine plural third-person)
iale (masculine third-person)
yoale (masculine third-person)
moale (feminine masculine)
iale (feminine)
yoale (feminine)
iale (masculine neuter)
iale (neuter)
yoale (neuter)


sai

tosai (exclusive first-person plural)
fosai (first-person plural)
misai (first-person plural)
nosai (exclusive plural second-person)
nisai (plural second-person)
osai (masculine plural third-person)
isai (masculine third-person)
yosai (masculine third-person)
mosai (feminine masculine)
isai (feminine)
yosai (feminine)
isai (masculine neuter)
isai (neuter)
yosai (neuter)


uni

touni (exclusive first-person plural)
founi (first-person plural)
miuni (first-person plural)
nouni (exclusive plural second-person)
niuni (plural second-person)
ouni (masculine plural third-person)
iuni (masculine third-person)
youni (masculine third-person)
mouni (feminine masculine)
iuni (feminine)
youni (feminine)
iuni (masculine neuter)
iuni (neuter)
youni (neuter)

(transitive) alternative form of wuni (“to watch”)


bue

tobue (exclusive first-person plural)
fobue (first-person plural)
mibue (first-person plural)
nobue (exclusive plural second-person)
nibue (plural second-person)
obue (masculine plural third-person)
ibue (masculine third-person)
yobue (masculine third-person)
mobue (feminine masculine)
ibue (feminine)
yobue (feminine)
ibue (masculine neuter)
ibue (neuter)
yobue (neuter)


seba

toseba (exclusive first-person plural)
foseba (first-person plural)
miseba (first-person plural)
noseba (exclusive plural second-person)
niseba (plural second-person)
oseba (masculine plural third-person)
iseba (masculine third-person)
yoseba (masculine third-person)
moseba (feminine masculine)
iseba (feminine)
yoseba (feminine)
iseba (masculine neuter)
iseba (neuter)
yoseba (neuter)


use

touse (exclusive first-person plural)
fouse (first-person plural)
miuse (first-person plural)
nouse (exclusive plural second-person)
niuse (plural second-person)
ouse (masculine plural third-person)
iuse (masculine third-person)
youse (masculine third-person)
mouse (feminine masculine)
iuse (feminine)
youse (feminine)
iuse (masculine neuter)
iuse (neuter)
youse (neuter)


saha

Compare West Makian safat and Sahu sata, both meaning "palm of hand, sole of foot".

kaus masaha

(inalienable) the underside or under-surface of something

gia masaha

hohu masaha


ua

mina motika mifala ua

ibadan saki ua

ngasisioko giki bariman bato simara ibingun ua

aku ua sakali-sakali ana ihoru sosira


rok

From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.


toki

totoki (exclusive first-person plural)
fotoki (first-person plural)
mitoki (first-person plural)
notoki (exclusive plural second-person)
nitoki (plural second-person)
otoki (masculine plural third-person)
itoki (masculine third-person)
yotoki (masculine third-person)
motoki (feminine masculine)
itoki (feminine)
yotoki (feminine)
itoki (masculine neuter)
itoki (neuter)
yotoki (neuter)

(intransitive) to knock (on a door, etc.)


cou

tocou (exclusive first-person plural)
focou (first-person plural)
micou (first-person plural)
nocou (exclusive plural second-person)
nicou (plural second-person)
ocou (masculine plural third-person)
icou (masculine third-person)
yocou (masculine third-person)
mocou (feminine masculine)
icou (feminine)
yocou (feminine)
icou (masculine neuter)
icou (neuter)
yocou (neuter)


hate

Does not continue Proto-North Halmahera *gota (“tree”). However, compare Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar *hate ("tree").


abo

toabo (exclusive first-person plural)
foabo (first-person plural)
miabo (first-person plural)
noabo (exclusive plural second-person)
niabo (plural second-person)
oabo (masculine plural third-person)
iabo (masculine third-person)
yoabo (masculine third-person)
moabo (feminine masculine)
iabo (feminine)
yoabo (feminine)
iabo (masculine neuter)
iabo (neuter)
yoabo (neuter)


gate

From Proto-North Halmahera *gate ("liver"). Compare Tidore gate.


tata

May be the same as the second etymology.


tata

a kind of cylindrical basket generally made of bamboo strips, historically used to transport fruit and betel nut


una

head

una (subject clitic o, possessive prefix i, Jawi ؤن)

o (clitic subjective)
i (possessive prefix)
ؤن (Jawi)

(masculine) third-person singular pronoun, he


ruka

toruka (exclusive first-person plural)
foruka (first-person plural)
miruka (first-person plural)
noruka (exclusive plural second-person)
niruka (plural second-person)
oruka (masculine plural third-person)
iruka (masculine third-person)
yoruka (masculine third-person)
moruka (feminine masculine)
iruka (feminine)
yoruka (feminine)
iruka (masculine neuter)
iruka (neuter)
yoruka (neuter)


tubo

totubo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotubo (first-person plural)
mitubo (first-person plural)
notubo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitubo (plural second-person)
otubo (masculine plural third-person)
itubo (masculine third-person)
yotubo (masculine third-person)
motubo (feminine masculine)
itubo (feminine)
yotubo (feminine)
itubo (masculine neuter)
itubo (neuter)
yotubo (neuter)


nyala

tonyala (exclusive first-person plural)
fonyala (first-person plural)
minyala (first-person plural)
nonyala (exclusive plural second-person)
ninyala (plural second-person)
onyala (masculine plural third-person)
inyala (masculine third-person)
yonyala (masculine third-person)
monyala (feminine masculine)
inyala (feminine)
yonyala (feminine)
inyala (masculine neuter)
inyala (neuter)
yonyala (neuter)


tuo

totuo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotuo (first-person plural)
mituo (first-person plural)
notuo (exclusive plural second-person)
nituo (plural second-person)
otuo (masculine plural third-person)
ituo (masculine third-person)
yotuo (masculine third-person)
motuo (feminine masculine)
ituo (feminine)
yotuo (feminine)
ituo (masculine neuter)
ituo (neuter)
yotuo (neuter)

(transitive) to pull out, to pull outside, to drag out


bira

Probably from Austronesian; compare Proto-Sangiric *biʀas ("rice"). Compare to Indonesian beras.


surat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Proto-Malayic *surat.


wari

towari (exclusive first-person plural)
fowari (first-person plural)
miwari (first-person plural)
nowari (exclusive plural second-person)
niwari (plural second-person)
owari (masculine plural third-person)
iwari (masculine third-person)
yowari (masculine third-person)
mowari (feminine masculine)
iwari (feminine)
yowari (feminine)
iwari (masculine neuter)
iwari (neuter)
yowari (neuter)


gam

From the older gamu, with word-final vowel deletion.


amo

→ Gorontalo: amo

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

the breadfruit tree (Artocarpus altilis)


amo

toamo (exclusive first-person plural)
foamo (first-person plural)
miamo (first-person plural)
noamo (exclusive plural second-person)
niamo (plural second-person)
oamo (masculine plural third-person)
iamo (masculine third-person)
yoamo (masculine third-person)
moamo (feminine masculine)
iamo (feminine)
yoamo (feminine)
iamo (masculine neuter)
iamo (neuter)
yoamo (neuter)

(stative) to be thick, viscous (of liquids)


rapu

torapu (exclusive first-person plural)
forapu (first-person plural)
mirapu (first-person plural)
norapu (exclusive plural second-person)
nirapu (plural second-person)
orapu (masculine plural third-person)
irapu (masculine third-person)
yorapu (masculine third-person)
morapu (feminine masculine)
irapu (feminine)
yorapu (feminine)
irapu (masculine neuter)
irapu (neuter)
yorapu (neuter)


wale

towale (exclusive first-person plural)
fowale (first-person plural)
miwale (first-person plural)
nowale (exclusive plural second-person)
niwale (plural second-person)
owale (masculine plural third-person)
iwale (masculine third-person)
yowale (masculine third-person)
mowale (feminine masculine)
iwale (feminine)
yowale (feminine)
iwale (masculine neuter)
iwale (neuter)
yowale (neuter)


ana

ana (subject clitic i, possessive prefix na or nga, Jawi أن)

i (clitic subjective)
nga (possessive prefix)
أن (Jawi)

(human groups) third-person plural pronoun, they

ginado se ana

(polite, unknown gender) third-person singular pronoun, he, she, the singular they

ana Nutfah

Nutfah and them (family, the people she's with, etc.)

preceding a name, indicates a family or group of people


tas

From Indonesian tas, from Dutch tas, from Middle Dutch tasche, Old Dutch *taska, from Frankish, from Proto-Germanic *taskǭ.


tapa

totapa (exclusive first-person plural)
fotapa (first-person plural)
mitapa (first-person plural)
notapa (exclusive plural second-person)
nitapa (plural second-person)
otapa (masculine plural third-person)
itapa (masculine third-person)
yotapa (masculine third-person)
motapa (feminine masculine)
itapa (feminine)
yotapa (feminine)
itapa (masculine neuter)
itapa (neuter)
yotapa (neuter)


rame

torame (exclusive first-person plural)
forame (first-person plural)
mirame (first-person plural)
norame (exclusive plural second-person)
nirame (plural second-person)
orame (masculine plural third-person)
irame (masculine third-person)
yorame (masculine third-person)
morame (feminine masculine)
irame (feminine)
yorame (feminine)
irame (masculine neuter)
irame (neuter)
yorame (neuter)

From North Moluccan Malay rame, from Malay ramai. The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + rame, which produces no change on the initial consonant.


mai

botoboto mai ioho, lado mai ioho

they even ate grasshoppers, they even ate eels

ngofa-ngofa amoi ua mai kado

ngori pipi cabu mai ua

I have no money at all (literally, “my money, even a little is not”)


sia

tosia (exclusive first-person plural)
fosia (first-person plural)
misia (first-person plural)
nosia (exclusive plural second-person)
nisia (plural second-person)
osia (masculine plural third-person)
isia (masculine third-person)
yosia (masculine third-person)
mosia (feminine masculine)
isia (feminine)
yosia (feminine)
isia (masculine neuter)
isia (neuter)
yosia (neuter)

(transitive) to draw water (from a well, etc.)


tai

totai (exclusive first-person plural)
fotai (first-person plural)
mitai (first-person plural)
notai (exclusive plural second-person)
nitai (plural second-person)
otai (masculine plural third-person)
itai (masculine third-person)
yotai (masculine third-person)
motai (feminine masculine)
itai (feminine)
yotai (feminine)
itai (masculine neuter)
itai (neuter)
yotai (neuter)


aka

toaka (exclusive first-person plural)
foaka (first-person plural)
miaka (first-person plural)
noaka (exclusive plural second-person)
niaka (plural second-person)
oaka (masculine plural third-person)
iaka (masculine third-person)
yoaka (masculine third-person)
moaka (feminine masculine)
iaka (feminine)
yoaka (feminine)
iaka (masculine neuter)
iaka (neuter)
yoaka (neuter)


sala

tosala (exclusive first-person plural)
fosala (first-person plural)
misala (first-person plural)
nosala (exclusive plural second-person)
nisala (plural second-person)
osala (masculine plural third-person)
isala (masculine third-person)
yosala (masculine third-person)
mosala (feminine masculine)
isala (feminine)
yosala (feminine)
isala (masculine neuter)
isala (neuter)
yosala (neuter)


sore

tosore (exclusive first-person plural)
fosore (first-person plural)
misore (first-person plural)
nosore (exclusive plural second-person)
nisore (plural second-person)
osore (masculine plural third-person)
isore (masculine third-person)
yosore (masculine third-person)
mosore (feminine masculine)
isore (feminine)
yosore (feminine)
isore (masculine neuter)
isore (neuter)
yosore (neuter)


fara

tofara (exclusive first-person plural)
fofara (first-person plural)
mifara (first-person plural)
nofara (exclusive plural second-person)
nifara (plural second-person)
ofara (masculine plural third-person)
ifara (masculine third-person)
yofara (masculine third-person)
mofara (feminine masculine)
ifara (feminine)
yofara (feminine)
ifara (masculine neuter)
ifara (neuter)
yofara (neuter)


ulu

toulu (exclusive first-person plural)
foulu (first-person plural)
miulu (first-person plural)
noulu (exclusive plural second-person)
niulu (plural second-person)
oulu (masculine plural third-person)
iulu (masculine third-person)
youlu (masculine third-person)
moulu (feminine masculine)
iulu (feminine)
youlu (feminine)
iulu (masculine neuter)
iulu (neuter)
youlu (neuter)


sui

tosui (exclusive first-person plural)
fosui (first-person plural)
misui (first-person plural)
nosui (exclusive plural second-person)
nisui (plural second-person)
osui (masculine plural third-person)
isui (masculine third-person)
yosui (masculine third-person)
mosui (feminine masculine)
isui (feminine)
yosui (feminine)
isui (masculine neuter)
isui (neuter)
yosui (neuter)

(transitive) to smoke (cigarettes, etc.)


tango

totango (exclusive first-person plural)
fotango (first-person plural)
mitango (first-person plural)
notango (exclusive plural second-person)
nitango (plural second-person)
otango (masculine plural third-person)
itango (masculine third-person)
yotango (masculine third-person)
motango (feminine masculine)
itango (feminine)
yotango (feminine)
itango (masculine neuter)
itango (neuter)
yotango (neuter)


raga

toraga (exclusive first-person plural)
foraga (first-person plural)
miraga (first-person plural)
noraga (exclusive plural second-person)
niraga (plural second-person)
oraga (masculine plural third-person)
iraga (masculine third-person)
yoraga (masculine third-person)
moraga (feminine masculine)
iraga (feminine)
yoraga (feminine)
iraga (masculine neuter)
iraga (neuter)
yoraga (neuter)


topa

totopa (exclusive first-person plural)
fotopa (first-person plural)
mitopa (first-person plural)
notopa (exclusive plural second-person)
nitopa (plural second-person)
otopa (masculine plural third-person)
itopa (masculine third-person)
yotopa (masculine third-person)
motopa (feminine masculine)
itopa (feminine)
yotopa (feminine)
itopa (masculine neuter)
itopa (neuter)
yotopa (neuter)


beto

From N- (nominalizer) + feto (“to complain”).


bori

Cognate with Galela bori, Tobelo bori, Pagu bori, all possibly loans from Ternate.

the plant Anamirta cocculus; its seeds are crushed to make a fish poison


budo

tobudo (exclusive first-person plural)
fobudo (first-person plural)
mibudo (first-person plural)
nobudo (exclusive plural second-person)
nibudo (plural second-person)
obudo (masculine plural third-person)
ibudo (masculine third-person)
yobudo (masculine third-person)
mobudo (feminine masculine)
ibudo (feminine)
yobudo (feminine)
ibudo (masculine neuter)
ibudo (neuter)
yobudo (neuter)


budo

→ Gorontalo: budo (“albino”)


tiki

totiki (exclusive first-person plural)
fotiki (first-person plural)
mitiki (first-person plural)
notiki (exclusive plural second-person)
nitiki (plural second-person)
otiki (masculine plural third-person)
itiki (masculine third-person)
yotiki (masculine third-person)
motiki (feminine masculine)
itiki (feminine)
yotiki (feminine)
itiki (masculine neuter)
itiki (neuter)
yotiki (neuter)


bati

→ Sawai: bati

Possibly from N- (nominalizer) + fati (“to block, hinder”).

af

a boundary (as demarcated by poles in the ground, etc.)


titi

totiti (exclusive first-person plural)
fotiti (first-person plural)
mititi (first-person plural)
notiti (exclusive plural second-person)
nititi (plural second-person)
otiti (masculine plural third-person)
ititi (masculine third-person)
yotiti (masculine third-person)
motiti (feminine masculine)
ititi (feminine)
yotiti (feminine)
ititi (masculine neuter)
ititi (neuter)
yotiti (neuter)


tabu

تابو (Jawi)
totabu (exclusive first-person plural)
fotabu (first-person plural)
mitabu (first-person plural)
notabu (exclusive plural second-person)
nitabu (plural second-person)
otabu (masculine plural third-person)
itabu (masculine third-person)
yotabu (masculine third-person)
motabu (feminine masculine)
itabu (feminine)
yotabu (feminine)
itabu (masculine neuter)
itabu (neuter)
yotabu (neuter)

tabu si uspera


adat

From the older adati, with word-final vowel deletion. Likely reinforced by Indonesian adat.


ember

Borrowed from Indonesian ember, from Dutch emmer, from Middle Dutch ember, from Old Dutch ēmer, from Proto-West Germanic *ambrī.


mina

head

mina (subject clitic mo, possessive prefix mi, Jawi مين)

mo (clitic subjective)
mi (possessive prefix)
مين (Jawi)

(feminine) third-person singular pronoun, she


malo

tomalo (exclusive first-person plural)
fomalo (first-person plural)
mimalo (first-person plural)
nomalo (exclusive plural second-person)
nimalo (plural second-person)
omalo (masculine plural third-person)
imalo (masculine third-person)
yomalo (masculine third-person)
momalo (feminine masculine)
imalo (feminine)
yomalo (feminine)
imalo (masculine neuter)
imalo (neuter)
yomalo (neuter)

bira malo

ngogu malo toma hito

ngori pipi malo

I have no money (literally, “there is no money of mine”)

nyao imalo toma hito

mina momalo toma fala


tofu

totofu (exclusive first-person plural)
fotofu (first-person plural)
mitofu (first-person plural)
notofu (exclusive plural second-person)
nitofu (plural second-person)
otofu (masculine plural third-person)
itofu (masculine third-person)
yotofu (masculine third-person)
motofu (feminine masculine)
itofu (feminine)
yotofu (feminine)
itofu (masculine neuter)
itofu (neuter)
yotofu (neuter)


fane

فاني (Jawi)
tofane (exclusive first-person plural)
fofane (first-person plural)
mifane (first-person plural)
nofane (exclusive plural second-person)
nifane (plural second-person)
ofane (masculine plural third-person)
ifane (masculine third-person)
yofane (masculine third-person)
mofane (feminine masculine)
ifane (feminine)
yofane (feminine)
ifane (masculine neuter)
ifane (neuter)
yofane (neuter)

ara ifane futu nyagimoi


rete

torete (exclusive first-person plural)
forete (first-person plural)
mirete (first-person plural)
norete (exclusive plural second-person)
nirete (plural second-person)
orete (masculine plural third-person)
irete (masculine third-person)
yorete (masculine third-person)
morete (feminine masculine)
irete (feminine)
yorete (feminine)
irete (masculine neuter)
irete (neuter)
yorete (neuter)


tes

Borrowed from English test some time during the British occupation of Ternate (1810-1817).


boro

From Proto-North Halmahera *boro (“egg”).


afa

notego ka ge afa

niwosa toma hito afa

sentence-final negative imperative particle; do not!


sone

tosone (exclusive first-person plural)
fosone (first-person plural)
misone (first-person plural)
nosone (exclusive plural second-person)
nisone (plural second-person)
osone (masculine plural third-person)
isone (masculine third-person)
yosone (masculine third-person)
mosone (feminine masculine)
isone (feminine)
yosone (feminine)
isone (masculine neuter)
isone (neuter)
yosone (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *soneŋ (“to die”).


fini

Compare Tetum fini (“seed”) and Malay benih (“seed”).


tomo

totomo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotomo (first-person plural)
mitomo (first-person plural)
notomo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitomo (plural second-person)
otomo (masculine plural third-person)
itomo (masculine third-person)
yotomo (masculine third-person)
motomo (feminine masculine)
itomo (feminine)
yotomo (feminine)
itomo (masculine neuter)
itomo (neuter)
yotomo (neuter)


tuku

totuku (exclusive first-person plural)
fotuku (first-person plural)
mituku (first-person plural)
notuku (exclusive plural second-person)
nituku (plural second-person)
otuku (masculine plural third-person)
ituku (masculine third-person)
yotuku (masculine third-person)
motuku (feminine masculine)
ituku (feminine)
yotuku (feminine)
ituku (masculine neuter)
ituku (neuter)
yotuku (neuter)


suo

the obtuse barracuda (Sphyraena obtusata)


tim

totim (exclusive first-person plural)
fotim (first-person plural)
mitim (first-person plural)
notim (exclusive plural second-person)
nitim (plural second-person)
otim (masculine plural third-person)
itim (masculine third-person)
yotim (masculine third-person)
motim (feminine masculine)
itim (feminine)
yotim (feminine)
itim (masculine neuter)
itim (neuter)
yotim (neuter)

a Alternative form of timi (“to skin, peel”)


reka

toreka (exclusive first-person plural)
foreka (first-person plural)
mireka (first-person plural)
noreka (exclusive plural second-person)
nireka (plural second-person)
oreka (masculine plural third-person)
ireka (masculine third-person)
yoreka (masculine third-person)
moreka (feminine masculine)
ireka (feminine)
yoreka (feminine)
ireka (masculine neuter)
ireka (neuter)
yoreka (neuter)


ahi

From Proto-North Halmahera *kahi (“skin”).

lemo maahi

bia maahi


ahi

toahi (exclusive first-person plural)
foahi (first-person plural)
miahi (first-person plural)
noahi (exclusive plural second-person)
niahi (plural second-person)
oahi (masculine plural third-person)
iahi (masculine third-person)
yoahi (masculine third-person)
moahi (feminine masculine)
iahi (feminine)
yoahi (feminine)
iahi (masculine neuter)
iahi (neuter)
yoahi (neuter)


reo

toreo (exclusive first-person plural)
foreo (first-person plural)
mireo (first-person plural)
noreo (exclusive plural second-person)
nireo (plural second-person)
oreo (masculine plural third-person)
ireo (masculine third-person)
yoreo (masculine third-person)
moreo (feminine masculine)
ireo (feminine)
yoreo (feminine)
ireo (masculine neuter)
ireo (neuter)
yoreo (neuter)


ria

toria (exclusive first-person plural)
foria (first-person plural)
miria (first-person plural)
noria (exclusive plural second-person)
niria (plural second-person)
oria (masculine plural third-person)
iria (masculine third-person)
yoria (masculine third-person)
moria (feminine masculine)
iria (feminine)
yoria (feminine)
iria (masculine neuter)
iria (neuter)
yoria (neuter)


eli

toeli (exclusive first-person plural)
foeli (first-person plural)
mieli (first-person plural)
noeli (exclusive plural second-person)
nieli (plural second-person)
oeli (masculine plural third-person)
ieli (masculine third-person)
yoeli (masculine third-person)
moeli (feminine masculine)
ieli (feminine)
yoeli (feminine)
ieli (masculine neuter)
ieli (neuter)
yoeli (neuter)


utu

toutu (exclusive first-person plural)
foutu (first-person plural)
miutu (first-person plural)
noutu (exclusive plural second-person)
niutu (plural second-person)
outu (masculine plural third-person)
iutu (masculine third-person)
youtu (masculine third-person)
moutu (feminine masculine)
iutu (feminine)
youtu (feminine)
iutu (masculine neuter)
iutu (neuter)
youtu (neuter)


isi

Cognate with Tidore isi (“urine”), Tabaru osisi (“to urinate”). Further afield, compare Proto-Trans-New Guinea *(si)si, *siti, *pisi (“urine”) and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ihiq (“urine”).


alus

toalus (exclusive first-person plural)
foalus (first-person plural)
mialus (first-person plural)
noalus (exclusive plural second-person)
nialus (plural second-person)
oalus (masculine plural third-person)
ialus (masculine third-person)
yoalus (masculine third-person)
moalus (feminine masculine)
ialus (feminine)
yoalus (feminine)
ialus (masculine neuter)
ialus (neuter)
yoalus (neuter)

From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).


suku

From Malay syukur, from Arabic شُكْر (šukr).


asu

toasu (exclusive first-person plural)
foasu (first-person plural)
miasu (first-person plural)
noasu (exclusive plural second-person)
niasu (plural second-person)
oasu (masculine plural third-person)
iasu (masculine third-person)
yoasu (masculine third-person)
moasu (feminine masculine)
iasu (feminine)
yoasu (feminine)
iasu (masculine neuter)
iasu (neuter)
yoasu (neuter)


selo

toselo (exclusive first-person plural)
foselo (first-person plural)
miselo (first-person plural)
noselo (exclusive plural second-person)
niselo (plural second-person)
oselo (masculine plural third-person)
iselo (masculine third-person)
yoselo (masculine third-person)
moselo (feminine masculine)
iselo (feminine)
yoselo (feminine)
iselo (masculine neuter)
iselo (neuter)
yoselo (neuter)

(transitive) to slice or cut right through


sari

ساري (Jawi)
tosari (exclusive first-person plural)
fosari (first-person plural)
misari (first-person plural)
nosari (exclusive plural second-person)
nisari (plural second-person)
osari (masculine plural third-person)
isari (masculine third-person)
yosari (masculine third-person)
mosari (feminine masculine)
isari (feminine)
yosari (feminine)
isari (masculine neuter)
isari (neuter)
yosari (neuter)

sari sisupu

(auxiliary) to desire, wish, want; to intend

ngori rikoi sari sofo

una osari okodiho

(auxiliary) indicates the near-future tense; will soon


sau

tosau (exclusive first-person plural)
fosau (first-person plural)
misau (first-person plural)
nosau (exclusive plural second-person)
nisau (plural second-person)
osau (masculine plural third-person)
isau (masculine third-person)
yosau (masculine third-person)
mosau (feminine masculine)
isau (feminine)
yosau (feminine)
isau (masculine neuter)
isau (neuter)
yosau (neuter)


sau

From Malay sahur, from Arabic سَحُور (saḥūr).


tum

totum (exclusive first-person plural)
fotum (first-person plural)
mitum (first-person plural)
notum (exclusive plural second-person)
nitum (plural second-person)
otum (masculine plural third-person)
itum (masculine third-person)
yotum (masculine third-person)
motum (feminine masculine)
itum (feminine)
yotum (feminine)
itum (masculine neuter)
itum (neuter)
yotum (neuter)

From tumu, with word-final vowel deletion.

Alternative form of tumu (“to dive, leap down from”)


ara

Cognate with Tidore ora (“moon”) and possibly West Makian odo (“moon”).


tero

totero (exclusive first-person plural)
fotero (first-person plural)
mitero (first-person plural)
notero (exclusive plural second-person)
nitero (plural second-person)
otero (masculine plural third-person)
itero (masculine third-person)
yotero (masculine third-person)
motero (feminine masculine)
itero (feminine)
yotero (feminine)
itero (masculine neuter)
itero (neuter)
yotero (neuter)


sidi

tosidi (exclusive first-person plural)
fosidi (first-person plural)
misidi (first-person plural)
nosidi (exclusive plural second-person)
nisidi (plural second-person)
osidi (masculine plural third-person)
isidi (masculine third-person)
yosidi (masculine third-person)
mosidi (feminine masculine)
isidi (feminine)
yosidi (feminine)
isidi (masculine neuter)
isidi (neuter)
yosidi (neuter)


timi

totimi (exclusive first-person plural)
fotimi (first-person plural)
mitimi (first-person plural)
notimi (exclusive plural second-person)
nitimi (plural second-person)
otimi (masculine plural third-person)
itimi (masculine third-person)
yotimi (masculine third-person)
motimi (feminine masculine)
itimi (feminine)
yotimi (feminine)
itimi (masculine neuter)
itimi (neuter)
yotimi (neuter)


hela

tohela (exclusive first-person plural)
fohela (first-person plural)
mihela (first-person plural)
nohela (exclusive plural second-person)
nihela (plural second-person)
ohela (masculine plural third-person)
ihela (masculine third-person)
yohela (masculine third-person)
mohela (feminine masculine)
ihela (feminine)
yohela (feminine)
ihela (masculine neuter)
ihela (neuter)
yohela (neuter)


tela

Given by Hayami-Allen to be from Portuguese [Term?].


sandal

Borrowed from Indonesian sandal, from Dutch sandaal, from Middle French sandale, from Old French sandale, from Latin sandalium, from Ancient Greek σανδάλιον (sandálion).


koi

Possibly related to Tabaru koyu (“banana”), synonym of the more common Tabaru term bole.


fugu

tofugu (exclusive first-person plural)
fofugu (first-person plural)
mifugu (first-person plural)
nofugu (exclusive plural second-person)
nifugu (plural second-person)
ofugu (masculine plural third-person)
ifugu (masculine third-person)
yofugu (masculine third-person)
mofugu (feminine masculine)
ifugu (feminine)
yofugu (feminine)
ifugu (masculine neuter)
ifugu (neuter)
yofugu (neuter)


aki

From Proto-North Halmahera *akir ("tongue").


awa

Possibly the same as the previous etymology, as a semantic extension.


tono

تونو (Jawi)
totono (exclusive first-person plural)
fotono (first-person plural)
mitono (first-person plural)
notono (exclusive plural second-person)
nitono (plural second-person)
otono (masculine plural third-person)
itono (masculine third-person)
yotono (masculine third-person)
motono (feminine masculine)
itono (feminine)
yotono (feminine)
itono (masculine neuter)
itono (neuter)
yotono (neuter)


feto

tofeto (exclusive first-person plural)
fofeto (first-person plural)
mifeto (first-person plural)
nofeto (exclusive plural second-person)
nifeto (plural second-person)
ofeto (masculine plural third-person)
ifeto (masculine third-person)
yofeto (masculine third-person)
mofeto (feminine masculine)
ifeto (feminine)
yofeto (feminine)
ifeto (masculine neuter)
ifeto (neuter)
yofeto (neuter)

⇒ North Moluccan Malay: feto


kore

wind (real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure)


bala

tobala (exclusive first-person plural)
fobala (first-person plural)
mibala (first-person plural)
nobala (exclusive plural second-person)
nibala (plural second-person)
obala (masculine plural third-person)
ibala (masculine third-person)
yobala (masculine third-person)
mobala (feminine masculine)
ibala (feminine)
yobala (feminine)
ibala (masculine neuter)
ibala (neuter)
yobala (neuter)

(intransitive) to float up, to emerge from water

(intransitive, by extension) to appear, to emerge


bala

From either Indonesian bala (“army”) or Javanese ꦧꦭ (bala, “army”), both from Sanskrit बल (bala).


foro

toforo (exclusive first-person plural)
foforo (first-person plural)
miforo (first-person plural)
noforo (exclusive plural second-person)
niforo (plural second-person)
oforo (masculine plural third-person)
iforo (masculine third-person)
yoforo (masculine third-person)
moforo (feminine masculine)
iforo (feminine)
yoforo (feminine)
iforo (masculine neuter)
iforo (neuter)
yoforo (neuter)


ari

toari (exclusive first-person plural)
foari (first-person plural)
miari (first-person plural)
noari (exclusive plural second-person)
niari (plural second-person)
oari (masculine plural third-person)
iari (masculine third-person)
yoari (masculine third-person)
moari (feminine masculine)
iari (feminine)
yoari (feminine)
iari (masculine neuter)
iari (neuter)
yoari (neuter)


boi

toboi (exclusive first-person plural)
foboi (first-person plural)
miboi (first-person plural)
noboi (exclusive plural second-person)
niboi (plural second-person)
oboi (masculine plural third-person)
iboi (masculine third-person)
yoboi (masculine third-person)
moboi (feminine masculine)
iboi (feminine)
yoboi (feminine)
iboi (masculine neuter)
iboi (neuter)
yoboi (neuter)


tasa

From Arabic طَاسَة (ṭāsa), per Hayami-Allen.


tasa

totasa (exclusive first-person plural)
fotasa (first-person plural)
mitasa (first-person plural)
notasa (exclusive plural second-person)
nitasa (plural second-person)
otasa (masculine plural third-person)
itasa (masculine third-person)
yotasa (masculine third-person)
motasa (feminine masculine)
itasa (feminine)
yotasa (feminine)
itasa (masculine neuter)
itasa (neuter)
yotasa (neuter)


seng

From Indonesian sen, from Dutch cent, from Old French cent.


seng

From Indonesian seng, from Dutch zink, from German Zink.


sababu

From Classical Malay سبب (sebab), from Arabic سَبَبْ (sabab).


baja

tobaja (exclusive first-person plural)
fobaja (first-person plural)
mibaja (first-person plural)
nobaja (exclusive plural second-person)
nibaja (plural second-person)
obaja (masculine plural third-person)
ibaja (masculine third-person)
yobaja (masculine third-person)
mobaja (feminine masculine)
ibaja (feminine)
yobaja (feminine)
ibaja (masculine neuter)
ibaja (neuter)
yobaja (neuter)


cuma

From Malay cuma, from Tamil சும்மா (cummā).


yare

toyare (exclusive first-person plural)
foyare (first-person plural)
miyare (first-person plural)
noyare (exclusive plural second-person)
niyare (plural second-person)
oyare (masculine plural third-person)
iyare (masculine third-person)
yoyare (masculine third-person)
moyare (feminine masculine)
iyare (feminine)
yoyare (feminine)
iyare (masculine neuter)
iyare (neuter)
yoyare (neuter)


bidi

tobidi (exclusive first-person plural)
fobidi (first-person plural)
mibidi (first-person plural)
nobidi (exclusive plural second-person)
nibidi (plural second-person)
obidi (masculine plural third-person)
ibidi (masculine third-person)
yobidi (masculine third-person)
mobidi (feminine masculine)
ibidi (feminine)
yobidi (feminine)
ibidi (masculine neuter)
ibidi (neuter)
yobidi (neuter)


iru

Ultimately from Old Javanese irus (“ladle made of a half coconut-shell”). Cognate with Tobelo iruhu (“id”).

der

spoon, ladle, especially one made from a coconut shell


ata

toata (exclusive first-person plural)
foata (first-person plural)
miata (first-person plural)
noata (exclusive plural second-person)
niata (plural second-person)
oata (masculine plural third-person)
iata (masculine third-person)
yoata (masculine third-person)
moata (feminine masculine)
iata (feminine)
yoata (feminine)
iata (masculine neuter)
iata (neuter)
yoata (neuter)


soso

tososo (exclusive first-person plural)
fososo (first-person plural)
misoso (first-person plural)
nososo (exclusive plural second-person)
nisoso (plural second-person)
ososo (masculine plural third-person)
isoso (masculine third-person)
yososo (masculine third-person)
mososo (feminine masculine)
isoso (feminine)
yososo (feminine)
isoso (masculine neuter)
isoso (neuter)
yososo (neuter)


tabo

totabo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotabo (first-person plural)
mitabo (first-person plural)
notabo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitabo (plural second-person)
otabo (masculine plural third-person)
itabo (masculine third-person)
yotabo (masculine third-person)
motabo (feminine masculine)
itabo (feminine)
yotabo (feminine)
itabo (masculine neuter)
itabo (neuter)
yotabo (neuter)


mancia

From older Ternate manusia, from Malay manusia, from Sanskrit मनुष्य (manuṣya).


toko

From Indonesian toko, from Hokkien 土庫／土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).


dokter

Borrowed from Indonesian dokter, from Dutch dokter, from doctor, from Middle Dutch doctoor, from Latin doctor (“teacher”).


uru

From Proto-North Halmahera *uru (“mouth”).


yapa

toyapa (exclusive first-person plural)
foyapa (first-person plural)
miyapa (first-person plural)
noyapa (exclusive plural second-person)
niyapa (plural second-person)
oyapa (masculine plural third-person)
iyapa (masculine third-person)
yoyapa (masculine third-person)
moyapa (feminine masculine)
iyapa (feminine)
yoyapa (feminine)
iyapa (masculine neuter)
iyapa (neuter)
yoyapa (neuter)


ake

From Proto-North Halmahera *aker (“water”).

ake besa


jaga

tojaga (exclusive first-person plural)
fojaga (first-person plural)
mijaga (first-person plural)
nojaga (exclusive plural second-person)
nijaga (plural second-person)
ojaga (masculine plural third-person)
ijaga (masculine third-person)
yojaga (masculine third-person)
mojaga (feminine masculine)
ijaga (feminine)
yojaga (feminine)
ijaga (masculine neuter)
ijaga (neuter)
yojaga (neuter)

From Classical Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti), जागृ (jāgṛ). The adverbial sense is likely derived from an association of vigilance with guarding.


jaga

ngori rioru jaga cumu


wa

Bira moi rai, wa?

sentence-final confirmation particle; isn't it?

Ngori tonyodi kolano ua, wa.

Piring ma riha, wa; ngomi ino misibela romodidi se ngomi.

(literally, “The plates that are red as you know; we here divided them into two for us.”)

We divide the plates (red, as you know) between the two of us.

sentence-final that indicates the speaker knows or should know what is being said


toto

tototo (exclusive first-person plural)
fototo (first-person plural)
mitoto (first-person plural)
nototo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitoto (plural second-person)
ototo (masculine plural third-person)
itoto (masculine third-person)
yototo (masculine third-person)
mototo (feminine masculine)
itoto (feminine)
yototo (feminine)
itoto (masculine neuter)
itoto (neuter)
yototo (neuter)


hodo

tohodo (exclusive first-person plural)
fohodo (first-person plural)
mihodo (first-person plural)
nohodo (exclusive plural second-person)
nihodo (plural second-person)
ohodo (masculine plural third-person)
ihodo (masculine third-person)
yohodo (masculine third-person)
mohodo (feminine masculine)
ihodo (feminine)
yohodo (feminine)
ihodo (masculine neuter)
ihodo (neuter)
yohodo (neuter)


tato

any of several fish among the triggerfish (Balistidae) and the filefish (Monacanthidae)


festa

From Portuguese festa, from Latin fēstum.

festa sara toca


jou

From N- (nominalizer) + cou (“to serve”), possibly signifying the one served.


rei

torei (exclusive first-person plural)
forei (first-person plural)
mirei (first-person plural)
norei (exclusive plural second-person)
nirei (plural second-person)
orei (masculine plural third-person)
irei (masculine third-person)
yorei (masculine third-person)
morei (feminine masculine)
irei (feminine)
yorei (feminine)
irei (masculine neuter)
irei (neuter)
yorei (neuter)


tego

تىݢو (Jawi)
totego (exclusive first-person plural)
fotego (first-person plural)
mitego (first-person plural)
notego (exclusive plural second-person)
nitego (plural second-person)
otego (masculine plural third-person)
itego (masculine third-person)
yotego (masculine third-person)
motego (feminine masculine)
itego (feminine)
yotego (feminine)
itego (masculine neuter)
itego (neuter)
yotego (neuter)

tego toma kurusi

Kie Gamalama itego toma kie makonora

Mount Gamalama sits in the center of the island


busa

tobusa (exclusive first-person plural)
fobusa (first-person plural)
mibusa (first-person plural)
nobusa (exclusive plural second-person)
nibusa (plural second-person)
obusa (masculine plural third-person)
ibusa (masculine third-person)
yobusa (masculine third-person)
mobusa (feminine masculine)
ibusa (feminine)
yobusa (feminine)
ibusa (masculine neuter)
ibusa (neuter)
yobusa (neuter)


taga

totaga (exclusive first-person plural)
fotaga (first-person plural)
mitaga (first-person plural)
notaga (exclusive plural second-person)
nitaga (plural second-person)
otaga (masculine plural third-person)
itaga (masculine third-person)
yotaga (masculine third-person)
motaga (feminine masculine)
itaga (feminine)
yotaga (feminine)
itaga (masculine neuter)
itaga (neuter)
yotaga (neuter)


taga

bati taga

(intransitive) to wash ashore, to wash up


kas

From Indonesian kas (“box”), from Dutch kast (“cupboard”), from Middle Dutch caste (“chest”), from Old Dutch *kasto, from Frankish *kastō.


rica

→ North Moluccan Malay: rica

Manado Malay: rica
→ Indonesian: rica

Likely from an older, unattested form *marica, from Malay merica, from Pali marica, from Sanskrit मरिच (marica). The initial ma was likely reinterpreted as the possessive.


aru

toaru (exclusive first-person plural)
foaru (first-person plural)
miaru (first-person plural)
noaru (exclusive plural second-person)
niaru (plural second-person)
oaru (masculine plural third-person)
iaru (masculine third-person)
yoaru (masculine third-person)
moaru (feminine masculine)
iaru (feminine)
yoaru (feminine)
iaru (masculine neuter)
iaru (neuter)
yoaru (neuter)


uhi

touhi (exclusive first-person plural)
fouhi (first-person plural)
miuhi (first-person plural)
nouhi (exclusive plural second-person)
niuhi (plural second-person)
ouhi (masculine plural third-person)
iuhi (masculine third-person)
youhi (masculine third-person)
mouhi (feminine masculine)
iuhi (feminine)
youhi (feminine)
iuhi (masculine neuter)
iuhi (neuter)
youhi (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *uhis (“to flow”).

ongo uhi


ena

head

ena (subject clitic i, possessive prefix ma, Jawi اين)

i (clitic subjective)
ma (possessive prefix)
اين (Jawi)

(for non-human groups) third-person plural pronoun, they


sido

a torch (often bamboo filled with damar)


buru

toburu (exclusive first-person plural)
foburu (first-person plural)
miburu (first-person plural)
noburu (exclusive plural second-person)
niburu (plural second-person)
oburu (masculine plural third-person)
iburu (masculine third-person)
yoburu (masculine third-person)
moburu (feminine masculine)
iburu (feminine)
yoburu (feminine)
iburu (masculine neuter)
iburu (neuter)
yoburu (neuter)


turi

Likely from Malay turi (“Sesbania grandiflora”).

vegetable hummingbird
vegetable hummingbird

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual

vegetable hummingbird (Sesbania grandiflora)


sagu

tosagu (exclusive first-person plural)
fosagu (first-person plural)
misagu (first-person plural)
nosagu (exclusive plural second-person)
nisagu (plural second-person)
osagu (masculine plural third-person)
isagu (masculine third-person)
yosagu (masculine third-person)
mosagu (feminine masculine)
isagu (feminine)
yosagu (feminine)
isagu (masculine neuter)
isagu (neuter)
yosagu (neuter)


ume

toume (exclusive first-person plural)
foume (first-person plural)
miume (first-person plural)
noume (exclusive plural second-person)
niume (plural second-person)
oume (masculine plural third-person)
iume (masculine third-person)
youme (masculine third-person)
moume (feminine masculine)
iume (feminine)
youme (feminine)
iume (masculine neuter)
iume (neuter)
youme (neuter)


fala

Cognate with Tidore fola, Tabaru woa, West Makian pala.

fala mari


toa

totoa (exclusive first-person plural)
fotoa (first-person plural)
mitoa (first-person plural)
notoa (exclusive plural second-person)
nitoa (plural second-person)
otoa (masculine plural third-person)
itoa (masculine third-person)
yotoa (masculine third-person)
motoa (feminine masculine)
itoa (feminine)
yotoa (feminine)
itoa (masculine neuter)
itoa (neuter)
yotoa (neuter)


i-

(non-human) third-person singular clitic, it

(human) third-person plural clitic, they

(masculine) third-person singular possessive prefix, his


roka

toroka (exclusive first-person plural)
foroka (first-person plural)
miroka (first-person plural)
noroka (exclusive plural second-person)
niroka (plural second-person)
oroka (masculine plural third-person)
iroka (masculine third-person)
yoroka (masculine third-person)
moroka (feminine masculine)
iroka (feminine)
yoroka (feminine)
iroka (masculine neuter)
iroka (neuter)
yoroka (neuter)


biri

tobiri (exclusive first-person plural)
fobiri (first-person plural)
mibiri (first-person plural)
nobiri (exclusive plural second-person)
nibiri (plural second-person)
obiri (masculine plural third-person)
ibiri (masculine third-person)
yobiri (masculine third-person)
mobiri (feminine masculine)
ibiri (feminine)
yobiri (feminine)
ibiri (masculine neuter)
ibiri (neuter)
yobiri (neuter)

From N- (transitivizer) + firi (“to make way”).

af

(transitive) to take along, to bring along


fai

tofai (exclusive first-person plural)
fofai (first-person plural)
mifai (first-person plural)
nofai (exclusive plural second-person)
nifai (plural second-person)
ofai (masculine plural third-person)
ifai (masculine third-person)
yofai (masculine third-person)
mofai (feminine masculine)
ifai (feminine)
yofai (feminine)
ifai (masculine neuter)
ifai (neuter)
yofai (neuter)


bou

Likely to ultimately be from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq; compare Proto-Oceanic *bou (“smell, odor”).


bou

tobou (exclusive first-person plural)
fobou (first-person plural)
mibou (first-person plural)
nobou (exclusive plural second-person)
nibou (plural second-person)
obou (masculine plural third-person)
ibou (masculine third-person)
yobou (masculine third-person)
mobou (feminine masculine)
ibou (feminine)
yobou (feminine)
ibou (masculine neuter)
ibou (neuter)
yobou (neuter)


repa

torepa (exclusive first-person plural)
forepa (first-person plural)
mirepa (first-person plural)
norepa (exclusive plural second-person)
nirepa (plural second-person)
orepa (masculine plural third-person)
irepa (masculine third-person)
yorepa (masculine third-person)
morepa (feminine masculine)
irepa (feminine)
yorepa (feminine)
irepa (masculine neuter)
irepa (neuter)
yorepa (neuter)


to-

Cognate with Tehit t- (“first-person singular prefix”).

cog

ngori tosonyinga moju ngana na demo se ngori.


buka

tobuka (exclusive first-person plural)
fobuka (first-person plural)
mibuka (first-person plural)
nobuka (exclusive plural second-person)
nibuka (plural second-person)
obuka (masculine plural third-person)
ibuka (masculine third-person)
yobuka (masculine third-person)
mobuka (feminine masculine)
ibuka (feminine)
yobuka (feminine)
ibuka (masculine neuter)
ibuka (neuter)
yobuka (neuter)


udara

From the second element of Indonesian pesawat udara.


warna

Borrowed from Malay warna, from Sanskrit वर्ण (varṇa).


asal

Etymology tree
Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl)bor.
Malay asalbor.
Ternate asalBorrowed from Malay asal, borrowed from Arabic أَصْل (ʔaṣl).


tanu

totanu (exclusive first-person plural)
fotanu (first-person plural)
mitanu (first-person plural)
notanu (exclusive plural second-person)
nitanu (plural second-person)
otanu (masculine plural third-person)
itanu (masculine third-person)
yotanu (masculine third-person)
motanu (feminine masculine)
itanu (feminine)
yotanu (feminine)
itanu (masculine neuter)
itanu (neuter)
yotanu (neuter)


bahaya

tobahaya (exclusive first-person plural)
fobahaya (first-person plural)
mibahaya (first-person plural)
nobahaya (exclusive plural second-person)
nibahaya (plural second-person)
obahaya (masculine plural third-person)
ibahaya (masculine third-person)
yobahaya (masculine third-person)
mobahaya (feminine masculine)
ibahaya (feminine)
yobahaya (feminine)
ibahaya (masculine neuter)
ibahaya (neuter)
yobahaya (neuter)

From Malay bahaya, from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).


bahaya

una ohohe-hohe bahaya


dogo

todogo (exclusive first-person plural)
fodogo (first-person plural)
midogo (first-person plural)
nodogo (exclusive plural second-person)
nidogo (plural second-person)
odogo (masculine plural third-person)
idogo (masculine third-person)
yodogo (masculine third-person)
modogo (feminine masculine)
idogo (feminine)
yodogo (feminine)
idogo (masculine neuter)
idogo (neuter)
yodogo (neuter)


nasi

Alternative form of nanasi (“pineapple”)


toru

totoru (exclusive first-person plural)
fotoru (first-person plural)
mitoru (first-person plural)
notoru (exclusive plural second-person)
nitoru (plural second-person)
otoru (masculine plural third-person)
itoru (masculine third-person)
yotoru (masculine third-person)
motoru (feminine masculine)
itoru (feminine)
yotoru (feminine)
itoru (masculine neuter)
itoru (neuter)
yotoru (neuter)


walu

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual


umur

From Malay umur, from Arabic عُمُر (ʕumur).


rangi

torangi (exclusive first-person plural)
forangi (first-person plural)
mirangi (first-person plural)
norangi (exclusive plural second-person)
nirangi (plural second-person)
orangi (masculine plural third-person)
irangi (masculine third-person)
yorangi (masculine third-person)
morangi (feminine masculine)
irangi (feminine)
yorangi (feminine)
irangi (masculine neuter)
irangi (neuter)
yorangi (neuter)


tebu

totebu (exclusive first-person plural)
fotebu (first-person plural)
mitebu (first-person plural)
notebu (exclusive plural second-person)
nitebu (plural second-person)
otebu (masculine plural third-person)
itebu (masculine third-person)
yotebu (masculine third-person)
motebu (feminine masculine)
itebu (feminine)
yotebu (feminine)
itebu (masculine neuter)
itebu (neuter)
yotebu (neuter)


tahu

From Indonesian tahu, from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū).

tofu (a protein-rich food made from curdled soy milk)


ula

toula (exclusive first-person plural)
foula (first-person plural)
miula (first-person plural)
noula (exclusive plural second-person)
niula (plural second-person)
oula (masculine plural third-person)
iula (masculine third-person)
youla (masculine third-person)
moula (feminine masculine)
iula (feminine)
youla (feminine)
iula (masculine neuter)
iula (neuter)
youla (neuter)


rano

torano (exclusive first-person plural)
forano (first-person plural)
mirano (first-person plural)
norano (exclusive plural second-person)
nirano (plural second-person)
orano (masculine plural third-person)
irano (masculine third-person)
yorano (masculine third-person)
morano (feminine masculine)
irano (feminine)
yorano (feminine)
irano (masculine neuter)
irano (neuter)
yorano (neuter)


upa

toupa (exclusive first-person plural)
foupa (first-person plural)
miupa (first-person plural)
noupa (exclusive plural second-person)
niupa (plural second-person)
oupa (masculine plural third-person)
iupa (masculine third-person)
youpa (masculine third-person)
moupa (feminine masculine)
iupa (feminine)
youpa (feminine)
iupa (masculine neuter)
iupa (neuter)
youpa (neuter)


putra

From Classical Malay ڤوترا (putra), from Sanskrit पुत्र (putra).


cala

Within North Halmahera, cognate to Tidore cala, Tabaru caana, Loloda calana, etc., all meaning '1000'. Direct external cognates include West Makian calan, East Makian calan, Waigeo calan, Wandamen siaran, Biak syáran, also all meaning '1000'. The external cognates are generally believed to be due to Ternate-Tidore influence.
Beyond these, see also Chamorro chålan (“thousand”), Tagalog daan (“hundred”), Kapampangan dálan (“hundred”).


salo

Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suluq (“torch”).


feno

tofeno (exclusive first-person plural)
fofeno (first-person plural)
mifeno (first-person plural)
nofeno (exclusive plural second-person)
nifeno (plural second-person)
ofeno (masculine plural third-person)
ifeno (masculine third-person)
yofeno (masculine third-person)
mofeno (feminine masculine)
ifeno (feminine)
yofeno (feminine)
ifeno (masculine neuter)
ifeno (neuter)
yofeno (neuter)

(transitive) to close, close up, shut, cover


riha

toriha (exclusive first-person plural)
foriha (first-person plural)
miriha (first-person plural)
noriha (exclusive plural second-person)
niriha (plural second-person)
oriha (masculine plural third-person)
iriha (masculine third-person)
yoriha (masculine third-person)
moriha (feminine masculine)
iriha (feminine)
yoriha (feminine)
iriha (masculine neuter)
iriha (neuter)
yoriha (neuter)

The noun may derive from N- (“nominalizer”) + riha, which produces no change on the initial consonant r.


tagi

totagi (exclusive first-person plural)
fotagi (first-person plural)
mitagi (first-person plural)
notagi (exclusive plural second-person)
nitagi (plural second-person)
otagi (masculine plural third-person)
itagi (masculine third-person)
yotagi (masculine third-person)
motagi (feminine masculine)
itagi (feminine)
yotagi (feminine)
itagi (masculine neuter)
itagi (neuter)
yotagi (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *tagi (“to walk”).

tagi sa ge?

where are (you) going? (literally, “go which that?”)

Ngori totagi mehemehe


caga

tocaga (exclusive first-person plural)
focaga (first-person plural)
micaga (first-person plural)
nocaga (exclusive plural second-person)
nicaga (plural second-person)
ocaga (masculine plural third-person)
icaga (masculine third-person)
yocaga (masculine third-person)
mocaga (feminine masculine)
icaga (feminine)
yocaga (feminine)
icaga (masculine neuter)
icaga (neuter)
yocaga (neuter)


bato

haka ngori maobo bato

ana isedu bato


baro

From N- (nominalizer) + paro (“to cover”).


wati

towati (exclusive first-person plural)
fowati (first-person plural)
miwati (first-person plural)
nowati (exclusive plural second-person)
niwati (plural second-person)
owati (masculine plural third-person)
iwati (masculine third-person)
yowati (masculine third-person)
mowati (feminine masculine)
iwati (feminine)
yowati (feminine)
iwati (masculine neuter)
iwati (neuter)
yowati (neuter)


piri

Adapted from Malay piring, from Classical Persian پرنگ (piring). Doublet of piring.


sua

tosua (exclusive first-person plural)
fosua (first-person plural)
misua (first-person plural)
nosua (exclusive plural second-person)
nisua (plural second-person)
osua (masculine plural third-person)
isua (masculine third-person)
yosua (masculine third-person)
mosua (feminine masculine)
isua (feminine)
yosua (feminine)
isua (masculine neuter)
isua (neuter)
yosua (neuter)


rau

Likely from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun; compare Malay daun, Sobei rau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstruct Proto-North Halmahera *soka (“leaf”), which this does not continue.


tori

totori (exclusive first-person plural)
fotori (first-person plural)
mitori (first-person plural)
notori (exclusive plural second-person)
nitori (plural second-person)
otori (masculine plural third-person)
itori (masculine third-person)
yotori (masculine third-person)
motori (feminine masculine)
itori (feminine)
yotori (feminine)
itori (masculine neuter)
itori (neuter)
yotori (neuter)


tahi

totahi (exclusive first-person plural)
fotahi (first-person plural)
mitahi (first-person plural)
notahi (exclusive plural second-person)
nitahi (plural second-person)
otahi (masculine plural third-person)
itahi (masculine third-person)
yotahi (masculine third-person)
motahi (feminine masculine)
itahi (feminine)
yotahi (feminine)
itahi (masculine neuter)
itahi (neuter)
yotahi (neuter)


tufa

totufa (exclusive first-person plural)
fotufa (first-person plural)
mitufa (first-person plural)
notufa (exclusive plural second-person)
nitufa (plural second-person)
otufa (masculine plural third-person)
itufa (masculine third-person)
yotufa (masculine third-person)
motufa (feminine masculine)
itufa (feminine)
yotufa (feminine)
itufa (masculine neuter)
itufa (neuter)
yotufa (neuter)


asar

From Malay asar, from Arabic عَصْر (ʕaṣr).


suna

From Classical Malay سونت (“sunat”) (cf. modern sunat), from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna).


suna

tosuna (exclusive first-person plural)
fosuna (first-person plural)
misuna (first-person plural)
nosuna (exclusive plural second-person)
nisuna (plural second-person)
osuna (masculine plural third-person)
isuna (masculine third-person)
yosuna (masculine third-person)
mosuna (feminine masculine)
isuna (feminine)
yosuna (feminine)
isuna (masculine neuter)
isuna (neuter)
yosuna (neuter)


rio

torio (exclusive first-person plural)
forio (first-person plural)
mirio (first-person plural)
norio (exclusive plural second-person)
nirio (plural second-person)
orio (masculine plural third-person)
irio (masculine third-person)
yorio (masculine third-person)
morio (feminine masculine)
irio (feminine)
yorio (feminine)
irio (masculine neuter)
irio (neuter)
yorio (neuter)


kartas

From Malay kertas, from Arabic قِرْطَاس (qirṭās), from Aramaic כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā), from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs).

der

Aramaic כַּרְטִיסָא (karṭīsā)


soha

tosoha (exclusive first-person plural)
fosoha (first-person plural)
misoha (first-person plural)
nosoha (exclusive plural second-person)
nisoha (plural second-person)
osoha (masculine plural third-person)
isoha (masculine third-person)
yosoha (masculine third-person)
mosoha (feminine masculine)
isoha (feminine)
yosoha (feminine)
isoha (masculine neuter)
isoha (neuter)
yosoha (neuter)


bubu

tobubu (exclusive first-person plural)
fobubu (first-person plural)
mibubu (first-person plural)
nobubu (exclusive plural second-person)
nibubu (plural second-person)
obubu (masculine plural third-person)
ibubu (masculine third-person)
yobubu (masculine third-person)
mobubu (feminine masculine)
ibubu (feminine)
yobubu (feminine)
ibubu (masculine neuter)
ibubu (neuter)
yobubu (neuter)


sose

tosose (exclusive first-person plural)
fosose (first-person plural)
misose (first-person plural)
nosose (exclusive plural second-person)
nisose (plural second-person)
osose (masculine plural third-person)
isose (masculine third-person)
yosose (masculine third-person)
mosose (feminine masculine)
isose (feminine)
yosose (feminine)
isose (masculine neuter)
isose (neuter)
yosose (neuter)


beno

From N- (nominalizer) + feno (“to close (transitive)”).


raca

toraca (exclusive first-person plural)
foraca (first-person plural)
miraca (first-person plural)
noraca (exclusive plural second-person)
niraca (plural second-person)
oraca (masculine plural third-person)
iraca (masculine third-person)
yoraca (masculine third-person)
moraca (feminine masculine)
iraca (feminine)
yoraca (feminine)
iraca (masculine neuter)
iraca (neuter)
yoraca (neuter)


raka

toraka (exclusive first-person plural)
foraka (first-person plural)
miraka (first-person plural)
noraka (exclusive plural second-person)
niraka (plural second-person)
oraka (masculine plural third-person)
iraka (masculine third-person)
yoraka (masculine third-person)
moraka (feminine masculine)
iraka (feminine)
yoraka (feminine)
iraka (masculine neuter)
iraka (neuter)
yoraka (neuter)


fira

a sister in relation to a man, a man's sister


aya

toaya (exclusive first-person plural)
foaya (first-person plural)
miaya (first-person plural)
noaya (exclusive plural second-person)
niaya (plural second-person)
oaya (masculine plural third-person)
iaya (masculine third-person)
yoaya (masculine third-person)
moaya (feminine masculine)
iaya (feminine)
yoaya (feminine)
iaya (masculine neuter)
iaya (neuter)
yoaya (neuter)

Probably from Classical Malay ايق (ayak) (cf. ayak), the stem of مڠايق (mengayak, “to sieve”).


saka

tosaka (exclusive first-person plural)
fosaka (first-person plural)
misaka (first-person plural)
nosaka (exclusive plural second-person)
nisaka (plural second-person)
osaka (masculine plural third-person)
isaka (masculine third-person)
yosaka (masculine third-person)
mosaka (feminine masculine)
isaka (feminine)
yosaka (feminine)
isaka (masculine neuter)
isaka (neuter)
yosaka (neuter)


bika

bika maahi


sugo

tosugo (exclusive first-person plural)
fosugo (first-person plural)
misugo (first-person plural)
nosugo (exclusive plural second-person)
nisugo (plural second-person)
osugo (masculine plural third-person)
isugo (masculine third-person)
yosugo (masculine third-person)
mosugo (feminine masculine)
isugo (feminine)
yosugo (feminine)
isugo (masculine neuter)
isugo (neuter)
yosugo (neuter)


saro

tosaro (exclusive first-person plural)
fosaro (first-person plural)
misaro (first-person plural)
nosaro (exclusive plural second-person)
nisaro (plural second-person)
osaro (masculine plural third-person)
isaro (masculine third-person)
yosaro (masculine third-person)
mosaro (feminine masculine)
isaro (feminine)
yosaro (feminine)
isaro (masculine neuter)
isaro (neuter)
yosaro (neuter)

(stative) of the wedding couple, to eat together


wola

towola (exclusive first-person plural)
fowola (first-person plural)
miwola (first-person plural)
nowola (exclusive plural second-person)
niwola (plural second-person)
owola (masculine plural third-person)
iwola (masculine third-person)
yowola (masculine third-person)
mowola (feminine masculine)
iwola (feminine)
yowola (feminine)
iwola (masculine neuter)
iwola (neuter)
yowola (neuter)


toma

una owosa toma kamar madaha

he entered the room (literally, “he went to the room's inside”)

ifere toma kadatu

horu-horu ka toma Disa

Kie Gamalama itego toma kie makonora

Mount Gamalama sits in the island's center

toma ngote maadu

toma wange enage

otego toma kurusi

bifi doro toma meja manyeku


balo

Likely related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baluj; see Uneapa balu (“dove”).

either the wood pigeon or the green pigeon


tita

totita (exclusive first-person plural)
fotita (first-person plural)
mitita (first-person plural)
notita (exclusive plural second-person)
nitita (plural second-person)
otita (masculine plural third-person)
itita (masculine third-person)
yotita (masculine third-person)
motita (feminine masculine)
itita (feminine)
yotita (feminine)
itita (masculine neuter)
itita (neuter)
yotita (neuter)

From Indonesian titah (“word, command”).


fana

→ Manado Malay: mafana (“house ridge”) (with Ternate possessive ma-)


uda

touda (exclusive first-person plural)
fouda (first-person plural)
miuda (first-person plural)
nouda (exclusive plural second-person)
niuda (plural second-person)
ouda (masculine plural third-person)
iuda (masculine third-person)
youda (masculine third-person)
mouda (feminine masculine)
iuda (feminine)
youda (feminine)
iuda (masculine neuter)
iuda (neuter)
youda (neuter)


bola

Likely ultimately from Portuguese bola de gude (“marble”).


aca

toaca (exclusive first-person plural)
foaca (first-person plural)
miaca (first-person plural)
noaca (exclusive plural second-person)
niaca (plural second-person)
oaca (masculine plural third-person)
iaca (masculine third-person)
yoaca (masculine third-person)
moaca (feminine masculine)
iaca (feminine)
yoaca (feminine)
iaca (masculine neuter)
iaca (neuter)
yoaca (neuter)


fela

tofela (exclusive first-person plural)
fofela (first-person plural)
mifela (first-person plural)
nofela (exclusive plural second-person)
nifela (plural second-person)
ofela (masculine plural third-person)
ifela (masculine third-person)
yofela (masculine third-person)
mofela (feminine masculine)
ifela (feminine)
yofela (feminine)
ifela (masculine neuter)
ifela (neuter)
yofela (neuter)


tapar

totapar (exclusive first-person plural)
fotapar (first-person plural)
mitapar (first-person plural)
notapar (exclusive plural second-person)
nitapar (plural second-person)
otapar (masculine plural third-person)
itapar (masculine third-person)
yotapar (masculine third-person)
motapar (feminine masculine)
itapar (feminine)
yotapar (feminine)
itapar (masculine neuter)
itapar (neuter)
yotapar (neuter)


besa

Cognate with Sahu besa'a. Equivalent to N- (nominalizer) + fesa (“wet”).

besa fofurai


besa

بيس (Jawi)
tobesa (exclusive first-person plural)
fobesa (first-person plural)
mibesa (first-person plural)
nobesa (exclusive plural second-person)
nibesa (plural second-person)
obesa (masculine plural third-person)
ibesa (masculine third-person)
yobesa (masculine third-person)
mobesa (feminine masculine)
ibesa (feminine)
yobesa (feminine)
ibesa (masculine neuter)
ibesa (neuter)
yobesa (neuter)

besa ua


baso

tobaso (exclusive first-person plural)
fobaso (first-person plural)
mibaso (first-person plural)
nobaso (exclusive plural second-person)
nibaso (plural second-person)
obaso (masculine plural third-person)
ibaso (masculine third-person)
yobaso (masculine third-person)
mobaso (feminine masculine)
ibaso (feminine)
yobaso (feminine)
ibaso (masculine neuter)
ibaso (neuter)
yobaso (neuter)

Possibly cognate with West Makian baso (“to hear”).


bata

tobata (exclusive first-person plural)
fobata (first-person plural)
mibata (first-person plural)
nobata (exclusive plural second-person)
nibata (plural second-person)
obata (masculine plural third-person)
ibata (masculine third-person)
yobata (masculine third-person)
mobata (feminine masculine)
ibata (feminine)
yobata (feminine)
ibata (masculine neuter)
ibata (neuter)
yobata (neuter)


faja

tofaja (exclusive first-person plural)
fofaja (first-person plural)
mifaja (first-person plural)
nofaja (exclusive plural second-person)
nifaja (plural second-person)
ofaja (masculine plural third-person)
ifaja (masculine third-person)
yofaja (masculine third-person)
mofaja (feminine masculine)
ifaja (feminine)
yofaja (feminine)
ifaja (masculine neuter)
ifaja (neuter)
yofaja (neuter)


firman

From Malay firman, from Persian فرمان (farmân), from Middle Persian 𐫜𐫡𐫖𐫀𐫗 (frmʾn /framān/), from Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎠 (f-r-m-a-n-a /framānā/).


fuma

tofuma (exclusive first-person plural)
fofuma (first-person plural)
mifuma (first-person plural)
nofuma (exclusive plural second-person)
nifuma (plural second-person)
ofuma (masculine plural third-person)
ifuma (masculine third-person)
yofuma (masculine third-person)
mofuma (feminine masculine)
ifuma (feminine)
yofuma (feminine)
ifuma (masculine neuter)
ifuma (neuter)
yofuma (neuter)


fato

tofato (exclusive first-person plural)
fofato (first-person plural)
mifato (first-person plural)
nofato (exclusive plural second-person)
nifato (plural second-person)
ofato (masculine plural third-person)
ifato (masculine third-person)
yofato (masculine third-person)
mofato (feminine masculine)
ifato (feminine)
yofato (feminine)
ifato (masculine neuter)
ifato (neuter)
yofato (neuter)

(transitive) to align, put in a row, put side by side


lamo

لامو (Jawi)
tolamo (exclusive first-person plural)
folamo (first-person plural)
milamo (first-person plural)
nolamo (exclusive plural second-person)
nilamo (plural second-person)
olamo (masculine plural third-person)
ilamo (masculine third-person)
yolamo (masculine third-person)
molamo (feminine masculine)
ilamo (feminine)
yolamo (feminine)
ilamo (masculine neuter)
ilamo (neuter)
yolamo (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *lamok ("big").


taja

totaja (exclusive first-person plural)
fotaja (first-person plural)
mitaja (first-person plural)
notaja (exclusive plural second-person)
nitaja (plural second-person)
otaja (masculine plural third-person)
itaja (masculine third-person)
yotaja (masculine third-person)
motaja (feminine masculine)
itaja (feminine)
yotaja (feminine)
itaja (masculine neuter)
itaja (neuter)
yotaja (neuter)


temo

totemo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotemo (first-person plural)
mitemo (first-person plural)
notemo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitemo (plural second-person)
otemo (masculine plural third-person)
itemo (masculine third-person)
yotemo (masculine third-person)
motemo (feminine masculine)
itemo (feminine)
yotemo (feminine)
itemo (masculine neuter)
itemo (neuter)
yotemo (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera *temo (“to say”).


sume

tosume (exclusive first-person plural)
fosume (first-person plural)
misume (first-person plural)
nosume (exclusive plural second-person)
nisume (plural second-person)
osume (masculine plural third-person)
isume (masculine third-person)
yosume (masculine third-person)
mosume (feminine masculine)
isume (feminine)
yosume (feminine)
isume (masculine neuter)
isume (neuter)
yosume (neuter)


suba

tosuba (exclusive first-person plural)
fosuba (first-person plural)
misuba (first-person plural)
nosuba (exclusive plural second-person)
nisuba (plural second-person)
osuba (masculine plural third-person)
isuba (masculine third-person)
yosuba (masculine third-person)
mosuba (feminine masculine)
isuba (feminine)
yosuba (feminine)
isuba (masculine neuter)
isuba (neuter)
yosuba (neuter)


sudo

tosudo (exclusive first-person plural)
fosudo (first-person plural)
misudo (first-person plural)
nosudo (exclusive plural second-person)
nisudo (plural second-person)
osudo (masculine plural third-person)
isudo (masculine third-person)
yosudo (masculine third-person)
mosudo (feminine masculine)
isudo (feminine)
yosudo (feminine)
isudo (masculine neuter)
isudo (neuter)
yosudo (neuter)

From Proto-North Halmahera, ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq (“to call on a person to do something”).


saki

tosaki (exclusive first-person plural)
fosaki (first-person plural)
misaki (first-person plural)
nosaki (exclusive plural second-person)
nisaki (plural second-person)
osaki (masculine plural third-person)
isaki (masculine third-person)
yosaki (masculine third-person)
mosaki (feminine masculine)
isaki (feminine)
yosaki (feminine)
isaki (masculine neuter)
isaki (neuter)
yosaki (neuter)

(stative) to be good-tasting, tasty, delicious


dumdum

Likely from an older *dumudumu, from Proto-North Halmahera, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut. Compare Sahu ḏuḏumutu, Tobelo lulumiti.


paji

From Classical Malay ڤنجي (panji), from Sanskrit पञ्जी (pañjī).


ngana

head

ngana (subject clitic no, possessive prefix ni, Jawi ڠان)

no (clitic subjective)
ni (possessive prefix)
ڠان (Jawi)


ruba

toruba (exclusive first-person plural)
foruba (first-person plural)
miruba (first-person plural)
noruba (exclusive plural second-person)
niruba (plural second-person)
oruba (masculine plural third-person)
iruba (masculine third-person)
yoruba (masculine third-person)
moruba (feminine masculine)
iruba (feminine)
yoruba (feminine)
iruba (masculine neuter)
iruba (neuter)
yoruba (neuter)

Possibly from Malay rebah (“to collapse”).


soe

tosoe (exclusive first-person plural)
fosoe (first-person plural)
misoe (first-person plural)
nosoe (exclusive plural second-person)
nisoe (plural second-person)
osoe (masculine plural third-person)
isoe (masculine third-person)
yosoe (masculine third-person)
mosoe (feminine masculine)
isoe (feminine)
yosoe (feminine)
isoe (masculine neuter)
isoe (neuter)
yosoe (neuter)


aci

toaci (exclusive first-person plural)
foaci (first-person plural)
miaci (first-person plural)
noaci (exclusive plural second-person)
niaci (plural second-person)
oaci (masculine plural third-person)
iaci (masculine third-person)
yoaci (masculine third-person)
moaci (feminine masculine)
iaci (feminine)
yoaci (feminine)
iaci (masculine neuter)
iaci (neuter)
yoaci (neuter)


sumu

→ Galela: sumu

→ Loloda: sumu

→ Tobelo: humu (Heleworuru, Boeng)

→ Pagu: sumu

→ Tabaru: sumu

Likely through Proto-Ternate-Tidore, from Malay sumur or Javanese ꦱꦸꦩꦸꦂ (sumur), both from Old Javanese sumur.


iha

Contains the same element as found in raha (“four”).

iha manitaika

the morning of the day four days after today

four days after today, three days after tomorrow


jojo

uncle, aunt (younger sibling of a parent)


laku

totorifu laku


yai

toyai (exclusive first-person plural)
foyai (first-person plural)
miyai (first-person plural)
noyai (exclusive plural second-person)
niyai (plural second-person)
oyai (masculine plural third-person)
iyai (masculine third-person)
yoyai (masculine third-person)
moyai (feminine masculine)
iyai (feminine)
yoyai (feminine)
iyai (masculine neuter)
iyai (neuter)
yoyai (neuter)


tola

توله (Jawi)
totola (exclusive first-person plural)
fotola (first-person plural)
mitola (first-person plural)
notola (exclusive plural second-person)
nitola (plural second-person)
otola (masculine plural third-person)
itola (masculine third-person)
yotola (masculine third-person)
motola (feminine masculine)
itola (feminine)
yotola (feminine)
itola (masculine neuter)
itola (neuter)
yotola (neuter)

Compare Sahu tola'a. Said by de Clercq to be from Classical Malay تولق (tolak) (cf. Modern Malay tolak).

(transitive) to decrease or reduce one's salary


uri

Cognate with West Makian weri (“rattan”).


banga

→ Sawai: banga


mou

tomou (exclusive first-person plural)
fomou (first-person plural)
mimou (first-person plural)
nomou (exclusive plural second-person)
nimou (plural second-person)
omou (masculine plural third-person)
imou (masculine third-person)
yomou (masculine third-person)
momou (feminine masculine)
imou (feminine)
yomou (feminine)
imou (masculine neuter)
imou (neuter)
yomou (neuter)


siru

tosiru (exclusive first-person plural)
fosiru (first-person plural)
misiru (first-person plural)
nosiru (exclusive plural second-person)
nisiru (plural second-person)
osiru (masculine plural third-person)
isiru (masculine third-person)
yosiru (masculine third-person)
mosiru (feminine masculine)
isiru (feminine)
yosiru (feminine)
isiru (masculine neuter)
isiru (neuter)
yosiru (neuter)


teru

toteru (exclusive first-person plural)
foteru (first-person plural)
miteru (first-person plural)
noteru (exclusive plural second-person)
niteru (plural second-person)
oteru (masculine plural third-person)
iteru (masculine third-person)
yoteru (masculine third-person)
moteru (feminine masculine)
iteru (feminine)
yoteru (feminine)
iteru (masculine neuter)
iteru (neuter)
yoteru (neuter)


dadi

دادي (Jawi)
todadi (exclusive first-person plural)
fodadi (first-person plural)
midadi (first-person plural)
nodadi (exclusive plural second-person)
nidadi (plural second-person)
odadi (masculine plural third-person)
idadi (masculine third-person)
yodadi (masculine third-person)
modadi (feminine masculine)
idadi (feminine)
yodadi (feminine)
idadi (masculine neuter)
idadi (neuter)
yodadi (neuter)

(intransitive) to happen, occur, come about

odadi kolano

una otagi dadi ua

una hoi ngara, odadi ua

mina mogolaha meja ge dadi

modadi

(auxiliary) to be possible; to be able to, to be capable of


dadi

dadi, ngofa ge opoha ri ua

therefore, the child could not endure it any longer


fikir

tofikir (exclusive first-person plural)
fofikir (first-person plural)
mifikir (first-person plural)
nofikir (exclusive plural second-person)
nifikir (plural second-person)
ofikir (masculine plural third-person)
ifikir (masculine third-person)
yofikir (masculine third-person)
mofikir (feminine masculine)
ifikir (feminine)
yofikir (feminine)
ifikir (masculine neuter)
ifikir (neuter)
yofikir (neuter)

From Malay fikir, from Arabic فِكْر (fikr).


pesta

Alternative form of festa (“party, celebration”)


radis

Likely from Dutch radijs, ultimately from Latin rādīx.


no-

Cognate with Tehit n- (“second-person prefix”).


dupa

From Classical Malay دوڤا (dupa), from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


tingi

totingi (exclusive first-person plural)
fotingi (first-person plural)
mitingi (first-person plural)
notingi (exclusive plural second-person)
nitingi (plural second-person)
otingi (masculine plural third-person)
itingi (masculine third-person)
yotingi (masculine third-person)
motingi (feminine masculine)
itingi (feminine)
yotingi (feminine)
itingi (masculine neuter)
itingi (neuter)
yotingi (neuter)

Possibly from Malay tengik (“rancid, pungent, putrid”).


roso

toroso (exclusive first-person plural)
foroso (first-person plural)
miroso (first-person plural)
noroso (exclusive plural second-person)
niroso (plural second-person)
oroso (masculine plural third-person)
iroso (masculine third-person)
yoroso (masculine third-person)
moroso (feminine masculine)
iroso (feminine)
yoroso (feminine)
iroso (masculine neuter)
iroso (neuter)
yoroso (neuter)


tike

totike (exclusive first-person plural)
fotike (first-person plural)
mitike (first-person plural)
notike (exclusive plural second-person)
nitike (plural second-person)
otike (masculine plural third-person)
itike (masculine third-person)
yotike (masculine third-person)
motike (feminine masculine)
itike (feminine)
yotike (feminine)
itike (masculine neuter)
itike (neuter)
yotike (neuter)


futu

From Proto-North Halmahera *putu (“night”).


ing

From the older ingi, with word-final vowel deletion.


awal

From Malay awal, from Arabic أَوَّل (ʔawwal).


faida

Alternative form of faeda (“usefulness”)


atu

toatu (exclusive first-person plural)
foatu (first-person plural)
miatu (first-person plural)
noatu (exclusive plural second-person)
niatu (plural second-person)
oatu (masculine plural third-person)
iatu (masculine third-person)
yoatu (masculine third-person)
moatu (feminine masculine)
iatu (feminine)
yoatu (feminine)
iatu (masculine neuter)
iatu (neuter)
yoatu (neuter)


tana

totana (exclusive first-person plural)
fotana (first-person plural)
mitana (first-person plural)
notana (exclusive plural second-person)
nitana (plural second-person)
otana (masculine plural third-person)
itana (masculine third-person)
yotana (masculine third-person)
motana (feminine masculine)
itana (feminine)
yotana (feminine)
itana (masculine neuter)
itana (neuter)
yotana (neuter)


musi

tomusi (exclusive first-person plural)
fomusi (first-person plural)
mimusi (first-person plural)
nomusi (exclusive plural second-person)
nimusi (plural second-person)
omusi (masculine plural third-person)
imusi (masculine third-person)
yomusi (masculine third-person)
momusi (feminine masculine)
imusi (feminine)
yomusi (feminine)
imusi (masculine neuter)
imusi (neuter)
yomusi (neuter)

una omusi ooke sou

una omusi otagi sikola


toni

any of several flying fish in the genus Cypselurus


rako

torako (exclusive first-person plural)
forako (first-person plural)
mirako (first-person plural)
norako (exclusive plural second-person)
nirako (plural second-person)
orako (masculine plural third-person)
irako (masculine third-person)
yorako (masculine third-person)
morako (feminine masculine)
irako (feminine)
yorako (feminine)
irako (masculine neuter)
irako (neuter)
yorako (neuter)


kabi

Adapted from Classical Malay کمبيڠ (kambing).


tawaf

طواف (Jawi)
totawaf (exclusive first-person plural)
fotawaf (first-person plural)
mitawaf (first-person plural)
notawaf (exclusive plural second-person)
nitawaf (plural second-person)
otawaf (masculine plural third-person)
itawaf (masculine third-person)
yotawaf (masculine third-person)
motawaf (feminine masculine)
itawaf (feminine)
yotawaf (feminine)
itawaf (masculine neuter)
itawaf (neuter)
yotawaf (neuter)

From Malay tawaf, from Arabic طَوَاف (ṭawāf).


sohi

tosohi (exclusive first-person plural)
fosohi (first-person plural)
misohi (first-person plural)
nosohi (exclusive plural second-person)
nisohi (plural second-person)
osohi (masculine plural third-person)
isohi (masculine third-person)
yosohi (masculine third-person)
mosohi (feminine masculine)
isohi (feminine)
yosohi (feminine)
isohi (masculine neuter)
isohi (neuter)
yosohi (neuter)


reno

toreno (exclusive first-person plural)
foreno (first-person plural)
mireno (first-person plural)
noreno (exclusive plural second-person)
nireno (plural second-person)
oreno (masculine plural third-person)
ireno (masculine third-person)
yoreno (masculine third-person)
moreno (feminine masculine)
ireno (feminine)
yoreno (feminine)
ireno (masculine neuter)
ireno (neuter)
yoreno (neuter)


taho

totaho (exclusive first-person plural)
fotaho (first-person plural)
mitaho (first-person plural)
notaho (exclusive plural second-person)
nitaho (plural second-person)
otaho (masculine plural third-person)
itaho (masculine third-person)
yotaho (masculine third-person)
motaho (feminine masculine)
itaho (feminine)
yotaho (feminine)
itaho (masculine neuter)
itaho (neuter)
yotaho (neuter)


bua

Cognate with West Makian bual (“termite”).


sako

needlefish, fish in the family Belonidae


uju

touju (exclusive first-person plural)
fouju (first-person plural)
miuju (first-person plural)
nouju (exclusive plural second-person)
niuju (plural second-person)
ouju (masculine plural third-person)
iuju (masculine third-person)
youju (masculine third-person)
mouju (feminine masculine)
iuju (feminine)
youju (feminine)
iuju (masculine neuter)
iuju (neuter)
youju (neuter)


rasai

From the root of Malay merasai (“to feel”).


fea

tofea (exclusive first-person plural)
fofea (first-person plural)
mifea (first-person plural)
nofea (exclusive plural second-person)
nifea (plural second-person)
ofea (masculine plural third-person)
ifea (masculine third-person)
yofea (masculine third-person)
mofea (feminine masculine)
ifea (feminine)
yofea (feminine)
ifea (masculine neuter)
ifea (neuter)
yofea (neuter)


tino

totino (exclusive first-person plural)
fotino (first-person plural)
mitino (first-person plural)
notino (exclusive plural second-person)
nitino (plural second-person)
otino (masculine plural third-person)
itino (masculine third-person)
yotino (masculine third-person)
motino (feminine masculine)
itino (feminine)
yotino (feminine)
itino (masculine neuter)
itino (neuter)
yotino (neuter)


tifo

totifo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotifo (first-person plural)
mitifo (first-person plural)
notifo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitifo (plural second-person)
otifo (masculine plural third-person)
itifo (masculine third-person)
yotifo (masculine third-person)
motifo (feminine masculine)
itifo (feminine)
yotifo (feminine)
itifo (masculine neuter)
itifo (neuter)
yotifo (neuter)


soru

tosoru (exclusive first-person plural)
fosoru (first-person plural)
misoru (first-person plural)
nosoru (exclusive plural second-person)
nisoru (plural second-person)
osoru (masculine plural third-person)
isoru (masculine third-person)
yosoru (masculine third-person)
mosoru (feminine masculine)
isoru (feminine)
yosoru (feminine)
isoru (masculine neuter)
isoru (neuter)
yosoru (neuter)


tobo

totobo (exclusive first-person plural)
fotobo (first-person plural)
mitobo (first-person plural)
notobo (exclusive plural second-person)
nitobo (plural second-person)
otobo (masculine plural third-person)
itobo (masculine third-person)
yotobo (masculine third-person)
motobo (feminine masculine)
itobo (feminine)
yotobo (feminine)
itobo (masculine neuter)
itobo (neuter)
yotobo (neuter)


bangku

From Indonesian bangku, from Portuguese banco.


faka

tofaka (exclusive first-person plural)
fofaka (first-person plural)
mifaka (first-person plural)
nofaka (exclusive plural second-person)
nifaka (plural second-person)
ofaka (masculine plural third-person)
ifaka (masculine third-person)
yofaka (masculine third-person)
mofaka (feminine masculine)
ifaka (feminine)
yofaka (feminine)
ifaka (masculine neuter)
ifaka (neuter)
yofaka (neuter)

(transitive) to drink very quickly, to bolt down


raba

toraba (exclusive first-person plural)
foraba (first-person plural)
miraba (first-person plural)
noraba (exclusive plural second-person)
niraba (plural second-person)
oraba (masculine plural third-person)
iraba (masculine third-person)
yoraba (masculine third-person)
moraba (feminine masculine)
iraba (feminine)
yoraba (feminine)
iraba (masculine neuter)
iraba (neuter)
yoraba (neuter)


sedu

tosedu (exclusive first-person plural)
fosedu (first-person plural)
misedu (first-person plural)
nosedu (exclusive plural second-person)
nisedu (plural second-person)
osedu (masculine plural third-person)
isedu (masculine third-person)
yosedu (masculine third-person)
mosedu (feminine masculine)
isedu (feminine)
yosedu (feminine)
isedu (masculine neuter)
isedu (neuter)
yosedu (neuter)


bau

tobau (exclusive first-person plural)
fobau (first-person plural)
mibau (first-person plural)
nobau (exclusive plural second-person)
nibau (plural second-person)
obau (masculine plural third-person)
ibau (masculine third-person)
yobau (masculine third-person)
mobau (feminine masculine)
ibau (feminine)
yobau (feminine)
ibau (masculine neuter)
ibau (neuter)
yobau (neuter)


tifa

the tifa drum, part of the tifa totobuang ensemble


tuda

totuda (exclusive first-person plural)
fotuda (first-person plural)
mituda (first-person plural)
notuda (exclusive plural second-person)
nituda (plural second-person)
otuda (masculine plural third-person)
ituda (masculine third-person)
yotuda (masculine third-person)
motuda (feminine masculine)
ituda (feminine)
yotuda (feminine)
ituda (masculine neuter)
ituda (neuter)
yotuda (neuter)


tada

totada (exclusive first-person plural)
fotada (first-person plural)
mitada (first-person plural)
notada (exclusive plural second-person)
nitada (plural second-person)
otada (masculine plural third-person)
itada (masculine third-person)
yotada (masculine third-person)
motada (feminine masculine)
itada (feminine)
yotada (feminine)
itada (masculine neuter)
itada (neuter)
yotada (neuter)


dolosi

دولوسي (Jawi)

certain species of fish, the species Caesio cuning¹ or certain species of the genus Plectorhinchus²


sara

tosara (exclusive first-person plural)
fosara (first-person plural)
misara (first-person plural)
nosara (exclusive plural second-person)
nisara (plural second-person)
osara (masculine plural third-person)
isara (masculine third-person)
yosara (masculine third-person)
mosara (feminine masculine)
isara (feminine)
yosara (feminine)
isara (masculine neuter)
isara (neuter)
yosara (neuter)


sara

(transitive) to take or carry something over (a body of water, etc.)


tede

totede (exclusive first-person plural)
fotede (first-person plural)
mitede (first-person plural)
notede (exclusive plural second-person)
nitede (plural second-person)
otede (masculine plural third-person)
itede (masculine third-person)
yotede (masculine third-person)
motede (feminine masculine)
itede (feminine)
yotede (feminine)
itede (masculine neuter)
itede (neuter)
yotede (neuter)


forai

toforai (exclusive first-person plural)
foforai (first-person plural)
miforai (first-person plural)
noforai (exclusive plural second-person)
niforai (plural second-person)
oforai (masculine plural third-person)
iforai (masculine third-person)
yoforai (masculine third-person)
moforai (feminine masculine)
iforai (feminine)
yoforai (feminine)
iforai (masculine neuter)
iforai (neuter)
yoforai (neuter)