ᥘᥛᥳ

From Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ),Lao ນ້ຳ (nam), Lü ᦓᧄᧉ (nam²), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣᩴ (nam), Shan ၼမ်ႉ (nâ̰m), Tai Dam ꪙꪾ꫁ (nam6), Thai น้ำ (náam), Zhuang raemx.


ᥐ

The first letter of the Tai Nüa alphabet


ᥑ

The second letter of the Tai Nüa alphabet


ᥒ

The third letter of the Tai Nüa alphabet


ᥓ

The fourth letter of the Tai Nüa alphabet


ᥔ

The fifth letter of the Tai Nüa alphabet


ᥛᥣᥳ

From Proto-Tai *maːꟲ (“horse”), from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX). Cognate with Thai ม้า (máa), Northern Thai ᨾ᩶ᩣ, Lao ມ້າ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱᧉ (maa²), Shan မႃႉ (mâ̰a), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa), Zhuang max.


ᥛᥫᥒᥰ

From Proto-Tai *mɯəŋᴬ (“township”). Cognate with Thai เมือง (mʉʉang), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, Lao ເມືອງ (mư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧂ (moeng), Tai Dam ꪹꪣꪉ, Shan မိူင်း (móeng), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ).

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Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ)


ᥛᥣᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“to come”). Cognate with Thai มา (maa), Northern Thai ᨾᩣ (ma), Lao ມາ (mā), Lü ᦙᦱ (maa), Tai Dam ꪣꪱ, Shan မႃး (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma) or 𑜉𑜡 (mā) or 𑜉𑜡𑜠 (māa), Zhuang maz.


ᥐᥤᥢ

From Proto-Tai *kɯɲᴬ (“to eat”). Cognate with Thai กิน (gin), Northern Thai ᨠᩥ᩠ᨶ, Lao ກິນ (kin), Lü ᦂᦲᧃ (k̇iin), Tai Dam ꪀꪲꪙ, Shan ၵိၼ် (kǐn), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜃𑜫 (kin), Saek กิ๋น, Nong Zhuang gwn, Zhuang gwn, Bouyei genl.


ᥕᥭᥰ

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩖᩯᨦᨿᩱ (mɛɛŋ⁴ ɲay⁴), Khün ᨾᩯ᩠ᨦᨿᩱ (mɛɛŋ⁴ yay⁴), Shan ယႆး (yái) (as in ၸၵ်းယႆး (tsák yái) and မႅင်းယႆး (méng yái)).

Khün ᨾᩯ᩠ᨦᨿᩱ (mɛɛŋ⁴ yay⁴)


ᥛᥦᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *mlɛːŋᴬ (“insect”), from Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”), from Middle Chinese 螟蛉 (MC meng leng, “caterpillar”). Cognate with Thai แมลง (má-lɛɛng, “insect”), Thai แมง (mɛɛng, “arachnid”), Zhuang nengz.


ᥚᥐᥴ

From Proto-Tai *prakᴰ (“vegetable”). Cognate with Thai ผัก (pàk), Northern Thai ᨹᩢ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຜັກ (phak), Lü ᦕᧅ (ṗhak), Shan ၽၵ်း (phák), Ahom 𑜇𑜀𑜫 (phak), Zhuang byaek, Nong Zhuang pyaek, Bouyei byagt, Saek พรั๊ก.


ᥔᥤᥙᥴ

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip, “ten”). Cognate with Thai สิบ (sìp), Northern Thai ᩈᩥ᩠ᨷ, Lao ສິບ (sip), Lü ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib), Tai Dam ꪎꪲꪚ, Shan သိပ်း (síp), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip), Bouyei xib, Zhuang cib, Saek ซิ̄บ.


ᥞᥨᥐᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *xrokᴰ¹ˢ (“six”), from Proto-Tai *krokᴰ (“six”), from Old Chinese 六 (OC *ruɡ, “six”). Cognate with Thai หก (hòk), Northern Thai ᩉᩫ᩠ᨠ, Lao ຫົກ (hok), Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok), Tai Dam ꪶꪬꪀ, Shan ႁူၵ်း (húuk), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ruk), Bouyei rogt, Zhuang roek or loeg, Nong Zhuang choak.

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Lü ᦷᦠᧅ (ḣok)


ᥘᥧᥐ

From Proto-Tai *lɯ:kᴰ (“child”). Cognate with Thai ลูก (lûuk), Northern Thai ᩃᩪᨠ, Lao ລູກ (lūk), Lü ᦟᦴᧅ (luuk), Tai Dam ꪩꪴꪀ, Shan လုၵ်ႈ (lūk), Bouyei leg, Zhuang lwg.


ᥞᥣᥲ

From Proto-Tai *haːꟲ (“five”), from Old Chinese 五 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “five”). Cognate with Thai ห้า (hâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫ້າ (hā), Lü ᦠᦱᧉ (ḣaa²), Tai Dam ꪬ꫁ꪱ, Shan ႁႃႈ (hāa), Ahom 𑜑𑜡 (hā), Bouyei hac, Zhuang haj.

Lü ᦠᦱᧉ (ḣaa²)


ᥙᥣᥐᥱ

From Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek). Cognate with Lao ປາກ (pāk), Shan ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak), Zhuang bak.


ᥐᥨᥢᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ɢwɯnᴬ (“human being; person”). Cognate with Thai คน (kon), Northern Thai ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄົນ (khon), Lü ᦅᦳᧃ (kun), Shan ၵူၼ်း (kúun), Tai Dam ꪶꪁꪙ, Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun), Bouyei wenz, Zhuang vunz, Zuojiang Zhuang koenz.


ᥕᥤᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰɲiŋᴬ (“woman”). Cognate with Thai หญิง (yǐng), Northern Thai ᨬᩥ᩠ᨦ or ᨿᩥ᩠ᨦ, Isan ญิง, Lao ຍິງ (nying), Lü ᦍᦲᧂ (yiing), Shan ယိင်း (yíng), Ahom 𑜐𑜢𑜂𑜫 (ñiṅ).


ᥓᥣᥭᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“male”). Cognate with Thai ชาย (chaai), Northern Thai ᨩᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຊາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦋᦻ (tsaay), Shan ၸၢႆး (tsáai), Ahom 𑜋𑜩 (chay), Zhuang sai.


ᥑᥣᥝᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *kʰaːwᴮ¹ (“news”). Cognate with Thai ข่าว (kàao), Northern Thai ᨡ᩵ᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lao ຂ່າວ (khāo), Lü ᦃᦱᧁᧈ (ẋaaw¹), Tai Dam ꪄ꪿ꪱꪫ, Shan ၶၢဝ်ႇ (khàao), Phake ၵွ် (khaw), Ahom *𑜁𑜨𑜧 (*khow), Zuojiang Zhuang hauq.

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Lü ᦃᦱᧁᧈ (ẋaaw¹)


ᥙᥤ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *piːᴬ¹ (“year”), from Proto-Tai *piːᴬ (“year”). Cognate with Thai ปี (bpii), Northern Thai ᨸᩦ, Lao ປີ (pī), Lü ᦔᦲ (ṗii), Shan ပီ (pǐi), Phake ပီ (pī), Ahom 𑜆𑜣 (pī), Zhuang bi, Bouyei bil.


ᥔᥩᥒᥴ

From Proto-Tai *soːŋᴬ, from Middle Chinese 雙 (MC sraewng, “two”). Cognate with Thai สอง (sɔ̌ɔng), Northern Thai ᩈᩬᨦ, Lao ສອງ (sǭng), Lü ᦉᦸᧂ (ṡoang), Tai Dam ꪎꪮꪉ, Shan သွင် (sǎung), Ahom 𑜏𑜨𑜂𑜫 (soṅ), Bouyei soongl, Zhuang song.


ᥑᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”), from Austroasiatic (Sagart, 2003); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *rk[aw]ʔ (“husked rice”). Cognate with Thai ข้าว (kâao), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Phake ၵွ် (khaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow) or 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww), Zhuang haeux, Saek เกฺา.

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


ᥑᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *χawꟲ (“to enter”). Cognate with Thai เข้า (kâo), Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow), 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww) or 𑜁𑜨𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khoww), Zhuang haeuj.

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


ᥔᥥᥒᥴ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *siəŋᴬ¹ (“sound”) (Jonsson, 1991), from Middle Chinese 聲 (MC syeng). Cognate with Thai เสียง (sǐiang), Northern Thai ᩈ᩠ᨿᨦ, Lao ສຽງ (sīang), Lü ᦵᦉᧂ (ṡeng), Tai Dam ꪎꪸꪉ, Shan သဵင် (sǎeng), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜂𑜫 (siṅ).


ᥛᥬᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰmaɰᴮ¹ (“new”), from Proto-Tai *ʰmɤːlᴮ (“new”). Cognate with Thai ใหม่ (mài), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩲ᩵, Lao ໃໝ່ (mai), Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹), Tai Dam ꪻꪢ꪿, Shan မႂ်ႇ (màue), Ahom 𑜉𑜧 (maw) or 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow), Bouyei mos, Zhuang moq.

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Lü ᦺᦖᧈ (ṁay¹)


ᥜᥒᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *faŋᴬ¹ (“to bury”). Cognate with Thai ฝัง (fǎng), Northern Thai ᨺᩢ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຝັງ (fang), Lü ᦚᧂ (ḟang), Shan ၽင် (phǎng) or ၾင် (fǎng), Tai Dam ꪠꪰꪉ, Ahom 𑜇𑜞𑜂𑜫 (phraṅ).


ᥜᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *vaŋᴬ⁴ (“to listen”). Cognate with Thai ฟัง (fang), Lao ຟັງ (fang), Lü ᦝᧂ (fang), Shan ၽင်း (pháng).


ᥜᥒᥱ

From Proto-Tai *ʰwaŋᴮ. Cognate with Thai ฝั่ง (fàng), Lao ຝັ່ງ (fang), Shan ၽင်ႇ (phàng) or ၾင်ႇ (fàng).


ᥛᥨᥝᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰmɔːᴬ (“shaman”), from Proto-Tai *ʰmoːᴬ (“shaman”), from Old Chinese 巫 (OC *ma). Cognate with Thai หมอ (mɔ̌ɔ), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩬᩴ, Lao ໝໍ (mǭ), Khün ᩉ᩠ᨾᩳ, Lü ᦖᦸ (ṁoa), Shan မေႃ (mǎu), Ahom 𑜉𑜦𑜡 (mō), 𑜈𑜦𑜡 (bō), or 𑜈𑜨𑜦𑜡 (bwō), Zhuang mo (as in bohmo), Nong Zhuang moa.


ᥐᥣ

From Proto-Tai *kaːᴬ (“crow”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜀𑜠 (ka), Lao ກາ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱ (k̇aa), Shan ၵႃ (kǎa), Thai กา (gaa), Northern Thai ᨠᩣ, Tai Dam ꪀꪱ, Zhuang roegga, Tày ca.


ᥐᥣ

From Chinese 價 /价. Cognate with Thai ค่า (kâa), Isan ค่า, Lao ຄ່າ (khā), Lü ᦅᦱᧈ (kaa¹), Northern Thai ᨣ᩵ᩤ, Khün ᨣ᩵ᩤ, Shan ၵႃႈ (kāa), Tai Dam ꪁ꪿ꪱ, Ahom 𑜀𑜠 (ka), Tày chá.


ᥛᥧᥴ

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴬ (“pig”). Cognate with Thai หมู (mǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ, Lao ໝູ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴ (ṁuu), Tai Dam ꪢꪴ, Shan မူ (mǔu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Bouyei mul, Zhuang mou, Nong Zhuang mu, Saek หมู่.


ᥛᥣᥴ

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜉𑜡 (mā), Aiton မႃ (mā), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Thai หมา (mǎa), , Shan မႃ (mǎa), Zhuang ma, Saek หม่า.


ᥑᥣᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *qaːᴬ (“leg”), from Proto-Tai *p.qaːᴬ (“leg”). Cognate with Thai ขา (kǎa), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ, Lao ຂາ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱ (ẋaa), Shan ၶႃ (khǎa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Bouyei gal, Zhuang ga.


ᥑᥣᥴ

From Proto-Tai *kraᴬ (“to seek”). Cognate with Thai หา (hǎa), Northern Thai ᩉᩣ, Lao ຫາ (hā), Lü ᦠᦱ (ḣaa), Tai Dam ꪬꪱ, Shan ႁႃ (hǎa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā) or 𑜁𑜞𑜠 (khra), Zhuang ra, Saek หร่า.


ᥑᥣᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ɣaːᴬ (“thatch grass”). Cognate with Thai คา (kaa), Northern Thai ᨤᩣ, Lao ຄາ (khā), Lü ᦆᦱ (xaa), Shan ၶႃး (kháa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Tày cà. Compare Proto-Hlai *Ciɦaː (“thatch grass”) (> haː¹~zaː¹~hjaː¹ across the different lects), Sui yal (“thatch grass”).


ᥛᥣᥱ

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːᴮ (“shoulder”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ, Lao ບ່າ (bā), Shan မႃႇ (màa) or ဝႃႇ (wàa), Thai บ่า (bàa), Ahom 𑜈𑜡 (bā), Zhuang mbaq. Compare Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”).


ᥔᥤᥱ

From Proto-Tai *siːᴮ (“four”), from Middle Chinese 四 (MC sijH, “four”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ləj (“four”). Cognate with Thai สี่ (sìi), Northern Thai ᩈᩦ᩵, Lao ສີ່ (sī), Lü ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹), Tai Dam ꪎꪲ꪿, Shan သီႇ (sìi), Ahom 𑜏𑜣 (sī), Bouyei sis, Zhuang seiq.

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Lü ᦉᦲᧈ (ṡii¹)


ᥜᥭᥰ

From Proto-Tai *wɤjᴬ (“fire”). Cognate with Thai ไฟ (fai), Northern Thai ᨼᩱ (fai), Lao ໄຟ (fai), Lü ᦺᦝ (fay), Tai Dam ꪼꪡ, Shan ၽႆး (phái) or ၾႆး (fái), Zhuang feiz, Bouyei fix, Saek วี๊.


ᥑᥛᥰ

From Old Chinese 金 (OC *krɯm). Cognate with Thai คำ (kam), Northern Thai ᨤᩴᩣ, Lao ຄຳ (kham), Lü ᦆᧄ (xam), Shan ၶမ်း (khám), Ahom 𑜁𑜪 (khaṃ) or 𑜁𑜞𑜪 (khraṃ), Zhuang gim, Saek กฺั๊ม.


ᥓᥣᥒᥳ

From Proto-Tai *ɟaːŋꟲ (“elephant”), from Middle Chinese 象 (MC zjangX, “elephant”). Cognate with Thai ช้าง (cháang), Northern Thai ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Isan ซ่าง, Lao ຊ້າງ (sāng), Lü ᦋᦱᧂᧉ (tsaang²), Tai Dam ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ, Shan ၸၢင်ႉ (tsâ̰ang), Ahom 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ), Zhuang ciengh, Saek ซาง.


ᥑᥣᥭᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ɣwaːjᴬ (“water buffalo”). Cognate with Thai ควาย (kwaai), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຄວາຍ (khuāi), Lü ᦩᦻ (xwaay), Tai Dam ꪁꪫꪱꪥ, Shan ၵႂၢႆး (kwáai), Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜩 (khoy) or 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Zhuang vaiz, Saek ว๊าย.


ᥛᥤᥰ

From Proto-Tai *miːᴬ (“to have”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩦ, Khün ᨾᩦ, Lao ມີ (mī), Lü ᦙᦲ (mii), Tai Dam ꪣꪲ, Shan မီး (míi), Thai มี (mii), Zhuang miz.


ᥔᥣᥛᥴ

From Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml, Zhuang sam.


ᥒᥧᥰ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *ŋuːᴬ⁴, from Proto-Tai *ŋwɯːᴬ (“snake”). Cognate with Thai งู (nguu), Northern Thai ᨦᩪ, Lao ງູ (ngū), Lü ᦇᦴ (nguu), Tai Dam ꪉꪴ, Shan ငူး (ngúu), Ahom 𑜂𑜥 (ṅū), Bouyei ngeaz, Zhuang ngwz, Nong Zhuang nguz, Saek งั๊ว.


ᥑᥣᥝᥴ

From Proto-Tai *xaːwᴬ (“white”). Cognate with Thai ขาว (kǎao), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lao ຂາວ (khāo), Lü ᦃᦱᧁ (ẋaaw), Tai Dam ꪄꪱꪫ, Shan ၶၢဝ် (khǎao), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜧𑜨 (khawo), Zhuang hau, Bouyei haaul, Saek ห่าว.


ᥝᥢᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ŋwanᴬ² (“day”), from Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ (“daytime”). Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ်း (wán), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Zhuang ngoenz, Bouyei nguanz.


ᥓᥬ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *caɰᴬ², from Proto-Tai *cɤɰᴬ (“heart; breath”). Cognate with Thai ใจ (jai), Northern Thai ᨧᩲ, Lao ໃຈ (chai), Lü ᦺᦈ (ṫsay), Tai Dam ꪻꪊ, Shan ၸႂ် (tsǎue), Phake ꩡၞ် (caü), Ahom 𑜋𑜨𑜧 (chow), Phu Thai เจ๋อ.


ᥖᥩᥒ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *tɔːŋᴬ² (“banana leaf”), from Proto-Tai *k.toːŋᴬ (“big leaf for wrapping”). Cognate with Thai ตอง (dtɔɔng), Northern Thai ᨲᩬᨦ, Lao ຕອງ (tǭng), Shan တွင် (tǎung), Phake တွင် (toṅ), Ahom 𑜄𑜨𑜂𑜫 (toṅ).


ᥖᥩᥒᥰ

From Old Chinese 銅 (OC *doːŋ, “copper”). Cognate with Thai ทอง (tɔɔng), Old Khmer daṅa, d̈aṅa, daṅṅa, daṃṅa, doṅa, duṅa; Modern Khmer ទង់ (tŭəng), ថង (thɑɑng), ទង (tɔɔng); Lao ທອງ (thǭng); Vietnamese đồng.


ᥖᥩᥒᥳ

From Proto-Tai *dwuːŋꟲ (“belly”). Cognate with Lao ທ້ອງ (thǭng), Northern Thai ᨴ᩶ᩬᨦ, Lü ᦑᦸᧂᧉ (toang²), Shan တွင်ႉ (tâ̰ung), Nong Zhuang dongx, Zhuang dungx, Thai ท้อง (tɔ́ɔng).


ᥛᥬᥰ

From Proto-Tai *maɰᴬ (“singular second-person pronoun (strong)”). Cognate with Shan မႂ်း (máue), Aiton မ်ၞ (mw), Ahom 𑜉𑜧𑜤 (mawu) or 𑜈𑜧 (baw), Nong Zhuang mawz.


ᥞᥝᥰ

From Proto-Tai *rawᴬ (“first person plural pronoun”). Cognate with Thai เรา (rao), Northern Thai ᩁᩮᩢᩣ, Isan เฮา, Lao ເຮົາ (hao), Lü ᦣᧁ (haw), Tai Dam ꪹꪭꪱ, Shan ႁဝ်း (háo), Ahom 𑜍𑜧 (raw), 𑜍𑜈𑜫 (raw) or 𑜍𑜧𑜈𑜫 (raww), Bouyei rauz, Zhuang raeuz.


ᥔᥧᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *suːᴬ¹ (“you (plural)”). Cognate with Thai สู (sǔu), Northern Thai ᩈᩪ (sǔu), Isan สู, Lao ສູ (sū), Lü ᦉᦴ (ṡuu), Tai Dam ꪎꪴ, Shan သူ (sǔu), Ahom 𑜏𑜥 (sū), Zhuang sou.


ᥑᥝᥴ

Compare Thai เขา (kǎo), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເຂົາ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁ (ẋaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw).


ᥑᥝᥴ

From Proto-Tai *qawᴬ (“horn”). Cognate to Thai เขา (kǎo), Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເຂົາ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁ (ẋaw), Shan ၶဝ် (khǎo), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw) or 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow), Zhuang gaeu. Compare Sui baol and ggaol (“horn”), Southern Kam baol (“horn”), Proto-Hlai *ɦəw (“horn”).


ᥕᥧᥱ

From Proto-Tai *ˀjuːᴮ. Cognate with Thai อยู่ (yùu), Northern Thai ᩀᩪ᩵, Lao ຢູ່ (yū), Lü ᦊᦴᧈ (ẏuu¹), Tai Dam ꪤꪴ꪿, Shan ယူႇ (yùu), Ahom 𑜊𑜥 (jʸū), Bouyei qyus, Zhuang youq.

cog

Lü ᦊᦴᧈ (ẏuu¹)


ᥓᥪ

From Proto-Tai *ɟɤːᴮ (“name”), from Early Middle Chinese 字 (MC dziH, “courtesy name”). Cognate with Thai ชื่อ (chʉ̂ʉ), Northern Thai ᨩᩨ᩵, Isan ซื่อ, Lao ຊື່ (sư̄), Lü ᦋᦹᧈ (tsue¹), Shan ၸိုဝ်ႈ (tsūe), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (chüw) or 𑜋𑜥 (chū).


ᥖᥣᥢᥲ

Cognate with Lao ຕ້ານ (tān), Isan ต้าน, Northern Thai ᨲ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨶ, Khün ᨲ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦎᦱᧃᧉ (ṫaan²), Shan တၢၼ်ႈ (tāan), Ahom 𑜄𑜃𑜫 (tan).

Lü ᦎᦱᧃᧉ (ṫaan²)


ᥜᥫᥐᥱ

Cognate with Thai ฝึก (fʉ̀k), Lao ຝຶກ (fưk) or ເຝິກ (fœk), Northern Thai ᨺᩧ᩠ᨠ or ᨺᩮᩥ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᨺᩧ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦵᦚᦲᧅ (ḟoek), Shan ၽိုၵ်း (phúek) or ၾိုၵ်း (fúek), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (phük), Zhuang faek.

Lü ᦵᦚᦲᧅ (ḟoek)


ᥑᥣᥛᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ɡamᴬ (“bite (n.); speech”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜨 (khäam), Thai คำ (kam), Northern Thai ᨣᩴᩤ, Lao ຄຳ (kham), Lü ᦅᧄ (kam), Tày cằm.


ᥘᥣᥭᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *laːjᴬ⁴ (“marked; variegated; striped”). Cognate with Thai ลาย (laai), Lao ລາຍ (lāi), Lü ᦟᦻ (laay), Tai Dam ꪩꪱꪥ, Shan လၢႆး (láai), Phake လႝ (lay), Ahom 𑜎𑜩 (lay).


ᥘᥣᥭᥰ

Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜩 (nay), Shan ၼၢႆး (náai), Zhuang nae (“snow”), Bouyei nail.


ᥘᥣᥭᥰ

From Proto-Tai *naːjᴬ (“maternal grandmother”). Compare Thai ยาย (yaai), Indonesian nyai; Khmer យាយ (yiəy); Lao ຍາຍ (nyāi), ຍາຽ (nyāi); Shan ၼၢႆး (náai).

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


ᥚᥬᥴ

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨹᩲ, Isan ใผ or ไผ, Lao ໃຜ (phai), Lü ᦺᦕ (ṗhay), Shan ၽႂ် (phǎue), Aiton ၸၞ် (phaü), Ahom 𑜇𑜧 (phaw) or 𑜇𑜨𑜧 (phow).


ᥞᥪᥴ

interrogative particle for yes-no question.


ᥕᥝᥳ

perfective particle for finished action.


ᥔᥥᥢᥲ

From Proto-Tai *selꟲ (classifier for long, thin objects). Cognate with Thai เส้น (sên), Lao ເສັ້ນ (sen), Shan သဵၼ်ႈ (sāen), Saek แซ̂น. Compare Middle Chinese 線 (MC sjenH, “thread”).

anything that is long and thin: hair, rope, string, thread, etc.


ᥑᥝᥲᥔᥥᥢᥲ

tdd-noun

ᥑᥝᥲᥔᥥᥢᥲ (xàwsèn) (1963 orthography ᥑᥝ̀ᥔᥥᥢ̀)

ᥑᥝᥲ (xàw, “rice”) + ᥔᥥᥢᥲ (sèn, “line”). Compare Shan ၶဝ်ႈသဵၼ်ႈ (khāo sāen).


ᥐᥧᥢᥰᥛᥤᥒᥴ

tdd-proper noun

ᥐᥧᥢᥰᥛᥤᥒᥴ (künmíng) (1963 orthography ᥐᥧᥢ̈ᥛᥤᥒ́)


ᥔᥩᥢᥴ

From Proto-Tai *soːlᴬ (“to teach”). Cognate with Thai สอน (sɔ̌ɔn), Northern Thai ᩈᩬᩁ, Lao ສອນ (sǭn), Lü ᦉᦸᧃ (ṡoan), Tai Dam ꪎꪮꪙ, Shan သွၼ် (sǎun), Ahom 𑜏𑜨𑜃𑜫 (son), Zhuang son.


ᥛᥨᥝᥴᥔᥩᥢᥴ

tdd-noun

ᥛᥨᥝᥴᥔᥩᥢᥴ (mówsóan) (1963 orthography ᥛᥨᥝ́ᥔᥩᥢ́)

ᥛᥨᥝᥴ (mów, “knowledgeable person”) + ᥔᥩᥢᥴ (sóan, “to teach”).


ᥔᥣᥝᥴ

From Proto-Tai *saːwᴬ (“unmarried woman”);. Cognate with Thai สาว (sǎao), Lao ສາວ (sāo), Lü ᦉᦱᧁ (ṡaaw), Shan သၢဝ် (sǎao), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), 𑜏𑜨𑜧 (sow), 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu), 𑜏𑜧𑜈𑜫 (saww), or 𑜏𑜦𑜡 (sō), Zhuang sau.


ᥙᥣ

From Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”). Cognate with Thai ปลา (bplaa), Northern Thai ᨸᩖᩣ, Isan ปา, Lao ປາ (pā), Lü ᦔᦱ (ṗaa), Tai Dam ꪜꪱ, Shan ပႃ (pǎa), Ahom 𑜆𑜠 (pa) or 𑜆𑜡 (pā), Zhuang bya, Bouyei byal, Saek ปร๋า. Compare Proto-Hlai *hlaː (“fish”) (whence ɗaː¹ ~ ɬaː¹ across different lects), Lakkia phla⁵¹, Proto-Be *ɓaːᴬ¹ (whence ɓa¹ in modern lects).


ᥙᥤᥢᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *pliənᴮ² (“to change”), from Middle Chinese 變 (MC pjenH, “to change”). Cognate with Thai เปลี่ยน (bplìian), Lao ປ່ຽນ (pīan), Lü ᦵᦔᧃᧈ (ṗen¹), Tai Dam ꪜꪸ꪿ꪙ, Shan ပိၼ်ႇ (pìn), Zhuang bienq, Nong Zhuang byenq or benq.

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧃᧈ (ṗen¹)


ᥒᥝᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ŋawᴬ (“shadow; reflection”). Cognate with Thai เงา (ngao), Northern Thai ᨦᩮᩢᩣ, Lao ເງົາ (ngao), Lü ᦇᧁ (ngaw), Tai Dam ꪹꪉꪱ, Shan ငဝ်း (ngáo), Ahom 𑜂𑜧 (ṅaw) or 𑜂𑜧𑜈𑜫 (ṅaww), Zhuang ngaeuz.


ᥐᥩᥒᥰᥛᥧᥰ

tdd-noun

ᥐᥩᥒᥰᥛᥧᥰ (köangmü) (1963 orthography ᥐᥩᥒ̈ᥛᥧ̈)


ᥛᥨᥢᥱ

Cognate with Thai หม่น (mòn), Lao ໝົ່ນ (mon), Shan မူၼ်ႇ (mùun).


ᥖᥨᥙ

From Proto-Tai *dopᴰ. Cognate with Thai ทบ (tóp), Lao ທົບ (thop), Shan တူပ်ႉ (tṵ̂up).


ᥖᥨᥝ

Cognate with Thai ตัว (dtuua), Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠ᩅ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Zhuang duz, Saek ทั๊ว.


ᥘᥣᥢᥰ

From Proto-Tai *naːnᴬ (“slow”). Cognate with Thai นาน (naan), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ນານ (nān), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪙ, Shan ၼၢၼ်း (náan), Ahom 𑜃𑜃𑜫 (nan).


ᥟᥣᥒᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʔaːŋᴮ (“basin”), from Proto-Tai *ʔaːŋᴮ (“basin”), from Middle Chinese 盎 (MC 'angX|'angH, “an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth”). Cognate with Thai อ่าง (àang), Northern Thai ᩋ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ອ່າງ (ʼāng), Tai Dam ꪮ꪿ꪱꪉ, Shan ဢၢင်ႇ (ʼàang), Ahom 𑜒𑜂𑜫 (ʼaṅ).


ᥞᥧᥴ

From Proto-Tai *krwɯːᴬ (“ear”). Cognate with Thai หู (hǔu), Northern Thai ᩉᩪ, Lao ຫູ (hū), Lü ᦠᦴ (ḣuu), Shan ႁူ (hǔu), Tai Dam ꪬꪴ, Aiton ꩭူ (hū), Ahom 𑜍𑜥 (rū), Zhuang rwz.


ᥑᥧᥢᥴᥞᥨᥝᥴᥑᥛᥰ

tdd-noun

ᥑᥧᥢᥴᥞᥨᥝᥴᥑᥛᥰ (xúnhówxäm) (1963 orthography ᥑᥧᥢ́ᥞᥨᥝ́ᥑᥛ̈)

ᥑᥧᥢᥴ (xún, “nobleman”) + ᥞᥨᥝᥴᥑᥛᥰ (hówxäm, “palace”). Compare Shan ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း (khǔn hǎu khám).

cog

Shan ၶုၼ်ႁေႃၶမ်း (khǔn hǎu khám)


ᥘᥦᥒ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ˀdɛːŋᴬ³ (“red”), from Proto-Tai *C̥.dwiːŋᴬ (“red”). Cognate with Thai แดง (dɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨯᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແດງ (dǣng), Lü ᦶᦡᧂ (ḋaeng), Shan လႅင် (lěng), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜂𑜫 (diṅ) or 𑜃𑜢𑜂𑜫 (niṅ), Zhuang nding, Nong Zhuang ndiang, Saek รี๋ง.


ᥘᥥᥐᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰlekᴰ¹ˢ (“iron”), from Proto-Tai *ʰlekᴰ (“iron”), from Old Chinese 鐵 (OC *l̥ʰiːɡ, “iron”). Cognate with Thai เหล็ก (lèk), Lao ເຫຼັກ (lek), Shan လဵၵ်း (láek), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik), Zhuang lek or lik, Nong Zhuang liak.


ᥔᥧᥛᥳ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *suəmꟲ (“room; compartment”). Cognate with Thai ส้วม (sûuam, “toilet”), Isan ส้วม (“bedroom”), Lao ສ້ວມ (sūam, “room; bedroom”).


ᥔᥧᥛᥳ

Cognate with Thai ซุ้ม (súm), Shan သုမ်ႉ (sṵ̂m), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ).


ᥘᥣᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *naːŋᴬ⁴ (“lady”), from Proto-Tai *naːŋᴬ (“lady”), from Old Chinese 娘 (OC *naŋ, “young woman”). Cognate with Thai นาง (naang), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ນາງ (nāng), Lü ᦓᦱᧂ (naang), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪉ, Shan ၼၢင်း (náang), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ).


ᥛᥦᥝᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *mɛːwᴬ² (“cat”), from onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Thai แมว (mɛɛo), Northern Thai ᨾᩯ᩠ᩅ, Lao ແມວ (mǣu), Lü ᦶᦙᧁ (maew), Tai Dam ꪵꪣꪫ, Shan မႅဝ်း (méao), Phake မိဝ် (miw), Ahom 𑜈𑜢𑜈𑜫 (biw).


ᥜᥣᥳ

From Proto-Tai *vaːꟲ. Cognate with Thai ฟ้า (fáa), Lao ຟ້າ (fā), Shan ၽႃႉ (phâ̰a), Lü ᦝᦱᧉ (faa²), Zhuang fax and Tày fạ.


ᥜᥣᥳ

Sentence-final particle expressing excitement


ᥘᥣᥝᥞᥣᥒᥴ

tdd-noun

ᥘᥣᥝᥞᥣᥒᥴ (láawhaang) (1963 orthography ᥘᥣᥝᥞᥣᥒ́)

From ᥘᥣᥝ (laaw) + ᥞᥣᥒᥴ (háang). Compare Thai ดาวหาง (daao-hǎang), Lao ດາວຫາງ (dāo hāng).


ᥛᥫᥒᥰᥐᥨᥢᥰ

ᥛᥫᥒᥰᥐᥨᥢᥰ (möengkön) (1963 orthography ᥛᥫᥒ̈ᥐᥨᥢ̈)


ᥘᥣᥝ

From Proto-Tai *t.naːwᴬ. Cognate with Thai ดาว (daao), Lao ດາວ (dāo), Lü ᦡᦱᧁ (ḋaaw), Tai Dam ꪒꪱꪫ, Shan လၢဝ် (lǎao), Zhuang ndau, Bouyei ndaaul and Tày đao.


ᥙᥥᥖᥱ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *petᴰˢ² (“duck”), from Proto-Tai *pitᴰ (“duck”). Cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Northern Thai ᨸᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Khün ᨸᩮ᩠ᨯ, Lao ເປັດ (pet), Isan เป็ด, Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Zhuang bit, Nong Zhuang baet, byet, Zuojiang Zhuang bet, Bouyei bidt, Saek ปิ๊ด.
Compare Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid), Proto-Be *ɓitᴰ¹.

cog

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


ᥘᥩᥭ

From Proto-Tai *C̥.doːjᴬ (“mountain”). Cognate with Thai ดอย (dɔɔi), Lao ດອຍ (dǭi), Northern Thai ᨯᩬ᩠ᨿ, Khün ᨯᩭ, Lü ᦡᦾ (ḋoay), Shan လွႆ (lǎui), Ahom 𑜓𑜨𑜩 (doy) or 𑜓𑜨𑜩𑜐𑜫 (doyñ), Zhuang ndoi.


ᥘᥩᥭ

Cognate with Thai ดอย (dɔɔi, “to tie as in ดอยศพ 'to tie a corpse'”), Isan ดอย, Lao ດອຍ (dǭi, “to stretch out a corpse with the head to the west”), Shan လွႆ (lǎui, “to prepare a dead body for burial”)


ᥘᥩᥭ

(Of fire, intransitive) to weaken, to abate


ᥖᥣ

Inherited from Proto-Tai *p.taːᴬ (“eye”).


ᥖᥣ

From Proto-Tai *daːᴮ (“river”). Cognate with Thai ท่า (tâa), Lao ທ່າ (thā), Lü ᦑᦱᧈ (taa¹), Shan တႃႈ (tāa, “pier; shallow place in water”), Zhuang dah (“river”).


ᥐᥦᥛᥲ

From Proto-Tai *keːmꟲ (“cheek”). Cognate with Thai แก้ม (gɛ̂ɛm), Northern Thai ᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᨾ, Lao ແກ້ມ (kǣm), Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²), Shan ၵႅမ်ႈ (kēm), Tai Dam ꪵꪀ꫁ꪣ, Ahom 𑜀𑜪𑜧 (kaṃw), Bouyei jeemc, Zhuang gemj, Tày kẻm.

Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²)


ᥖᥦᥢᥱ

Compare Shan တႅၼ်ႇ (tèn, “to strike; to beat”).


ᥖᥦᥢᥱ

to pay in advance for somebody as a favour that is to be reimbursed later


ᥖᥦᥢᥱᥕᥤᥢᥰ

tdd-noun

ᥖᥦᥢᥱᥕᥤᥢᥰ (tǎenyïn) (1963 orthography ᥖᥦᥢ̌ᥕᥤᥢ̈)

Borrowed from Mandarin 電影／电影 (diànyǐng).


ᥟᥦᥐᥱ

From Proto-Tai *ʔeːkᴰ (“yoke”), from Middle Chinese 軛 (MC 'eak, “yoke”). Cognate with Thai แอก (ɛ̀ɛk), Isan แอก, Lao ແອກ (ʼǣk), Northern Thai ᩋᩯ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩋᩯ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦶᦀᧅ (˙ʼaek), Tai Dam ꪵꪮꪀ (ék), Tai Dón ꪵꪮꪀ, Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜀𑜫 (ʼik), Zhuang ek, eg.

cog

Lü ᦶᦀᧅ (˙ʼaek)

Shan ဢႅၵ်ႇ (ʼèk)


ᥐᥣᥒ

From Proto-Tai *kwɯəŋᴬ. Cognate with Lao ກວາງ (kuāng), Northern Thai ᨠ᩠ᩅᩣ᩠ᨦ, Tai Dam ꪀꪫꪱꪉ, Thai กวาง (gwaang), Shan ၵႂၢင် (kwǎang), Lü ᦦᦱᧂ (k̇waang),Nong Zhuang gvang.


ᥐᥣᥒ

From Proto-Tai *klaːŋᴬ (“middle”). Cognate with Thai กลาง (glaang), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ກາງ (kāng), Lü ᦂᦱᧂ (k̇aang), Shan ၵၢင် (kǎang), Ahom 𑜀𑜂𑜫 (kaṅ) or 𑜀𑜝𑜂𑜫 (klaṅ).


ᥜᥣᥐᥱ

From Proto-Tai *ʰwaːkᴰ (“to entrust”). Cognate with Lao ຝາກ (fāk), Lü ᦚᦱᧅ (ḟaak), Shan ၽၢၵ်ႇ (phàak) or ၾၢၵ်ႇ (fàak), Ahom 𑜇𑜞𑜀𑜫 (phrak).


ᥜᥤᥒᥲ

Cognate with Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜂𑜫 (phiṅ), Shan ၽိင်ႈ (phīng), Shan ၾိင်ႈ (fīng).


ᥐᥣᥢᥲ

From Proto-Tai *kaːnꟲ, from Middle Chinese 幹 (MC kanH, “body, trunk”). Cognate with Thai ก้าน (gâan), Lao ກ້ານ (kān), Shan ၵၢၼ်ႈ (kāan), Tày cản.


ᥞᥧᥐᥴ

From Proto-Tai *trukᴰ (“loom”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉᩪᨠ, Lao ຫູກ (hūk), Lü ᦠᦳᧅᧈ (ḣuk¹), Khün ᩉᩪᨠ, Shan ႁုၵ်ႇ (hùk), Thai หูก (hùuk), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ruk), Nong Zhuang tuk.

Lü ᦠᦳᧅᧈ (ḣuk¹)


ᥞᥨᥴ

From Proto-Tai *truəᴬ. Cognate with Thai หัว (hǔua), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lü ᦷᦠ (ḣo), Lao ຫົວ (hūa), Tai Dam ꪬꪺ, Shan ႁူဝ် (hǒ), Ahom 𑜑𑜥 (hū), 𑜍𑜥 (rū) or 𑜍𑜤𑜈𑜫 (ruw), Zhuang hu.


ᥞᥥᥢᥴ

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲelᴬ (“civet cat”). Cognate with Isan เหง็น, Lao ເຫງັນ (ngen) or ເຫັນ (hen), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Tai Dam ꪹꪐꪸꪙ, Shan ႁဵၼ် (hǎen), Thai เห็น (hěn), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜃𑜫 (hin), Tày hên.


ᥞᥤᥢᥴ

From Proto-Tai *triːlᴬ. Cognate with Thai หิน (hǐn), Lao ຫີນ (hīn), Shan ႁိၼ် (hǐn), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜃𑜫 (rin), Zhuang rin, Saek หรี่น.


ᥞᥥᥐᥱ

Cognate with Khün ᩉ᩠ᨿᨠ, Lü ᦵᦠᧅᧈ (ḣek¹, “steel; terneplate”), Shan ႁဵၵ်ႇ (hàek), Tai Dam ꪬꪸꪀ, Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜀𑜫 (rik, “lead”).


ᥞᥐ

From Proto-Tai *rakᴰ (“lacquer”). Cognate with Thai รัก (rák), Lao ຮັກ (hak), Northern Thai ᩁᩢ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩁᩢ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦣᧅ (hak), and Shan ႁၵ်ႉ (hâ̰k). Compare Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “a species of plant”).


ᥞᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *raŋᴬ² (“nest”). Cognate with Thai รัง (rang), Lao ຮັງ (hang), Isan ฮัง, Northern Thai ᩁᩢ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᩁᩢ᩠ᨦ or ᩌᩢᨦ, Lü ᦣᧂ (hang), Tai Dam ꪭꪰꪉ (ꞌhắng) or ꪭꪱꪉ (ꞌháng), Shan ႁင်း (háng), Ahom 𑜍𑜂𑜫 (raṅ).


ᥔᥣᥭᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *zaːjᴬ⁴, from Proto-Tai *zwɯəjᴬ, from Old Chinese 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls); Cognate with Thai ทราย (saai), Northern Thai ᨪᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຊາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦌᦻ (saay), Khün ᨪᩣ᩠ᨿ, Shan သၢႆး (sáai), Ahom 𑜏𑜩 (say), Zhuang saiz, Nong Zhuang saiz.


ᥚᥤᥴ

From Proto-Tai *priːᴬ (“spirit”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨹᩦ, Lao ຜີ (phī), Lü ᦕᦲ (ṗhii), Tai Dam ꪠꪲ, Shan ၽီ (phǐi), Ahom 𑜇𑜣 (phī).


ᥚᥣᥴ

From Proto-Tai *praːᴬ (“stone mountain”). Cognate with Thai ผา (pǎa), Lao ຜາ (phā), Zhuang bya.


ᥚᥧᥢᥴ

classifier for flat, thin objects such as mats, dresses and books


ᥚᥣᥲ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *pʰaːꟲ¹, from Old Chinese 布 (OC *paːs, “cloth”). Cognate with Thai ผ้า (pâa), Northern Thai ᨹ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຜ້າ (phā), Lü ᦕᦱᧉ (ṗhaa²), Tai Dam ꪠ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၽႃႈ (phāa), Aiton ၸႃ (phā), Khamti ၸႃႛ, Ahom 𑜇𑜠 (pha), 𑜇𑜡 (phā), 𑜇𑜨𑜠 (phoa), or 𑜇𑜨𑜡 (phoā).

Lü ᦕᦱᧉ (ṗhaa²)


ᥙᥤᥐᥴ

From Proto-Tai *piːkᴰ (“wing”). Cognate with Thai ปีก (bpìik), Northern Thai ᨸᩦ᩠ᨠ, Lao ປີກ (pīk), Lü ᦔᦲᧅᧈ (ṗiik¹), Tai Dam ꪜꪲꪀ, Shan ပိၵ်ႇ (pìk), Aiton ပိက် (pik), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜀𑜫 (pik). Compare Proto-Be *ɓiːkᴰ¹, Proto-Hlai *pʰiːk (“wing”).

Lü ᦔᦲᧅᧈ (ṗiik¹)


ᥙᥧᥛᥱ

From Burmese ပုံ (pum).
Cognate with Lü ᦔᦳᧂᧈ (ṗung¹), Shan ပုင်ႇ (pùng) or ပုမ်ႇ (pùm).

Lü ᦔᦳᧂᧈ (ṗung¹)


ᥙᥧᥳ

From Austroasiatic. Compare Mon ဇဗၠူ (həpluˀ, “betel”) and Vietnamese trầu (“betel”) (< Proto-Vietic *b-luː). Cognate with Lao ພູ (phū), Northern Thai ᨻᩖᩪ, Khün ᨻᩪ, Lü ᦗᦴ (puu), Tai Dam ꪝꪴ (ꞌpú), Tai Dón ꪝꪴ, Shan ပူႉ (pṵ̂u), Thai พลู (pluu), Ahom 𑜆𑜥 (pū).


ᥚᥫᥐᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ (“taro”), from Proto-Tai *prɯəkᴰ (“taro”). Cognate with Lao ເຜືອກ (phư̄ak), Shan ၽိူၵ်ႇ (phòek), Thai เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜤𑜀𑜫 (phük), Zhuang biek. Compare Sui qxgaags (“taro”), Proto-Hlai *hraːk (“taro”) and Proto-Austronesian *biʀaq (whence Paiwan viaq, Malay birah).


ᥔᥥᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *χeːwꟲ (“fang”). Cognate with Thai เขี้ยว (kîao), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠᩶ᨿᩅ, Lao ແຂ້ວ (khǣu), Shan ၶဵဝ်ႈ (khāeo), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜈𑜫 (khiw), Zhuang heuj, Isan แข้ว.


ᥔᥧᥲ

emphatic particle used before verbs to stress what is being described or talked about


ᥔᥧᥛᥴ

Cognate with Khün ᩈᩩᨾ, Lao ສຸມ (sum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄ (ṡum), Shan သုမ် (sǔm), Thai สุม (sǔm), Phake ꩬုံ (suṃ).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄ (ṡum)


ᥔᥧᥛᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *sumᴮ¹ (“trap; fish trap; coop”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩈᩩ᩵ᨾ, Khün ᩈᩩ᩵ᨾ, ᩈᩪ᩵ᨾ, Lao ສຸ່ມ (sum), Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧈ (ṡum¹), Tai Dam ꪎꪴ꪿ꪣ, Shan သုမ်ႇ (sùm), Thai สุ่ม (sùm), Phake ꩬုံ (suṃ), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜪 (suṃ).

cog

Lü ᦉᦳᧄᧈ (ṡum¹)

a bamboo cover to protect young chickens


ᥔᥧᥒᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *suːŋᴬ¹ (“high”). Compare Middle Chinese 嵩 (MC sjuwng) or 崧 (MC sjuwng). Cognate with Thai สูง (sǔung), Lao ສູງ (sūng), Lü ᦉᦳᧂ (ṡung), Tai Dam ꪎꪴꪉ, Shan သုင် (sǔng), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜂𑜫 (suṅ), Phake ꩬုင် (suṅ), Aiton ꩬုင် (suṅ).


ᥔᥪᥳ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *zɯːꟲ⁴ (“to buy”), from Proto-Tai *z.ɟɯːꟲ. Cognate with Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ), Lao ຊື້ (sư̄), Isan ซื้อ, Northern Thai ᨪᩨ᩶, Khün ᨪᩨ᩶, Lü ᦌᦹᧉ (sue²), Shan သိုဝ်ႉ (sṵ̂e), Tai Dam ꪏꪳ꫁, Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw), Zhuang cawx, Bouyei xex.

cog

Thai ซื้อ (sʉ́ʉ)

Shan သိုဝ်ႉ (sṵ̂e)


ᥔᥫᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *sɯəᴬ (“tiger”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩈᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເສືອ (sư̄a), Khün ᩈᩮᩬᩧ, Lü ᦵᦉᦲ (ṡoe), Tai Dam ꪹꪎ, Shan သိူဝ် (sǒe), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw), Aiton ꩬိုဝ် (süw), Thai เสือ (sʉ̌ʉa), Tày slưa.

Lü ᦵᦉᦲ (ṡoe)


ᥖᥣᥭ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *taːjᴬ² (“to die”), from Proto-Tai *p.taːjᴬ (“to die”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຕາຍ (tāi), Lü ᦎᦻ (ṫaay), Tai Dam ꪔꪱꪥ, Shan တၢႆ (tǎai), Thai ตาย (dtaai), Khamti တၢဲႈ, Phake တႝ (tay), Ahom 𑜄𑜩 (tay), Zhuang dai. Compare Proto-Be *ɗaːjᴬ¹, Proto-Austronesian *(m-)atay (“to die”).


ᥖᥣᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *daːŋᴬ² (“road; way”), from Middle Chinese 唐 (MC dang, “road inside temple”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, Khün ᨴᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lao ທາງ (thāng), Lü ᦑᦱᧂ (taang), Tai Dam ꪕꪱꪉ, Shan တၢင်း (táang), Thai ทาง (taang), Ahom 𑜄𑜂𑜫 (taṅ).

nominal prefix used with verbs or adjectives to form abstract nouns


ᥖᥛ

From Proto-Tai *tamᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตำ (dtam), Isan ตำ, Lao ຕຳ (tam), Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴ, Khün ᨲᩣᩴ, Shan တမ် (tǎm), Ahom 𑜄𑜪 (taṃ), Zhuang daem.


ᥖᥙᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *tapᴰ (“liver”), from Proto-Tai *tapᴰ (“liver”).
Cognate with Thai ตับ (dtàp), Northern Thai ᨲᩢ᩠ᨷ, Lao ຕັບ (tap), Lü ᦶᦎᧇ (ṫaeb) or ᦎᧇ (ṫab), Shan တပ်း (táp), Aiton တပ် (tap), Tai Dam ꪔꪚꪾ or ꪔꪾꪚ, Zhuang daep, Saek ตั๊บ.


ᥖᥙ

Probably related to Mon ဒပ်, whence Burmese တပ် (tap).


ᥖᥝᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *tawᴮ¹ (“turtle”), from Proto-Tai *tawᴮ (“turtle”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨲᩮᩢ᩵ᩣ (tao), Lao ເຕົ່າ (tao), Lü ᦎᧁᧈ (ṫaw¹), Shan တဝ်ႇ (tào), Thai เต่า (dtào), Ahom 𑜄𑜧 (taw). Compare Proto-Be *ɗuːᴮꟲ¹.

cog

Lü ᦎᧁᧈ (ṫaw¹)


ᥖᥝᥱ

Perhaps onomatopoeic. Compare Thai ถุย (tǔi), Burmese ထွေး (htwe:), Old Burmese ထုယ်, Chinese 吐.


ᥖᥝ

From Proto-Tai *dawᴮ (“ashes (wood)”). Cognate with Thai เถ้า (tâo), Lao ເທົ່າ (thao), Lü ᦑᧁᧈ (taw¹), Shan တဝ်ႈ (tāo), Ahom 𑜄𑜧 (taw) or 𑜄𑜨𑜧 (tow), Zhuang daeuh. Compare Proto-Be *ɗəwᴮꟲ².


ᥖᥬᥲ

From Proto-Tai *taɰꟲ (“downstream; below”). Compare Middle Chinese 底 (MC tejX, “bottom; underneath”). Cognate with Thai ใต้ (dtâai), Lao ໃຕ້ (tai), Lü ᦺᦎᧉ (ṫay²), Shan တႂ်ႈ (tāue), Ahom 𑜄𑜧 (taw) or 𑜄𑜨𑜧 (tow), Zhuang dawj, Zuojiang Zhuang dawj. Compare Proto-Be *ɗaːwᴬ².

Lü ᦺᦎᧉ (ṫay²)


ᥖᥬᥲ

Lü ᦺᦎᧉ (ṫay²)


ᥖᥥᥰ

Probably from Middle Chinese 堤 (tei, “dyke, embankment”).


ᥖᥦᥒ

From Proto-Tai *p.rweːŋᴬ (“cucumber; melon”). Cognate with Thai แตง (dtɛɛng), Northern Thai ᨲᩯ᩠ᨦ, Lao ແຕງ (tǣng), Lü ᦶᦎᧂ (ṫaeng), Shan တႅင် (těng), Tai Dam ꪵꪔꪉ, Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜂𑜫 (tiṅ).


ᥖᥤᥢ

From Proto-Tai *tiːnᴬ (“foot”). Cognate with Thai ตีน (dtiin), Lao ຕີນ (tīn), Northern Thai ᨲᩦ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦎᦲᧃ (ṫiin), Shan တိၼ် (tǐn), Tai Dam ꪔꪲꪙ, Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜃𑜫 (tin), Bouyei dinl, Zhuang din.


ᥖᥤᥒᥱ

Cognate with Lao ຕິ່ງ (ting), Khün ᨲᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lü ᦎᦲᧂᧈ (ṫiing¹), Shan တိင်ႇ (tìng), Tai Dam ꪔꪲ꪿ꪉ, Ahom 𑜄𑜢𑜂𑜫 (tiṅ).

cog

Lü ᦎᦲᧂᧈ (ṫiing¹)


ᥖᥨᥰ

Possibly cognate with Burmese တော (tau:).


ᥖᥨᥰ

Cognate with Lao ທໍ (thǭ), Thai ทอ (tɔɔ), Shan တေႃး (táu).


ᥖᥨ

Ultimately from Chinese 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˁo). Cognate with Thai ตัว (dtuua), Northern Thai ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lao ໂຕ (tō) or ຕົວ (tūa), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo), Tai Dam ꪶꪔ, Shan တူဝ် (tǒ), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū) or 𑜄𑜤 (tu), Zhuang duz, Saek ทั๊ว and Khmer តួ (tuə). Compare also Japanese 頭 (tō, “counter for certain animals”).

noun-stem indicating animate things, animals or other living creatures


ᥖᥨᥢᥲ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *tonꟲ² (“trunk; tree; origin”). Cognate with Thai ต้น (dtôn), Northern Thai ᨲᩫ᩠᩶ᨶ, Khün ᨲᩫ᩠᩶ᨶ, Lao ຕົ້ນ (ton), Lü ᦎᦳᧃᧉ (ṫun²), Shan တူၼ်ႈ (tūun), Phake တုꩫ် (tun), Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜃𑜫 (tun).

cog

Lü ᦎᦳᧃᧉ (ṫun²)


ᥖᥨᥢᥲ

Lü ᦎᦳᧃᧉ (ṫun²)


ᥖᥨᥢ

noun stem denoting an honorable person or persons


ᥖᥨᥢ

classifier for Buddhist images, monks or other honorable people


ᥖᥨᥒ

From Proto-Tai *doŋᴮ (“open field”). Cognate with Thai ทุ่ง (tûng), Lao ທົ່ງ (thong), Isan ท่ง, Northern Thai ᨴᩫ᩠᩵ᨦ, Khün ᨴᩫ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lü ᦑᦳᧂᧈ (tung¹), Shan တူင်ႈ (tūung), Tai Dam ꪶꪕ꪿ꪉ, Ahom 𑜄𑜤𑜂𑜫 (tuṅ).


ᥖᥪᥒ

Probably cognate with Thai ดวง (duuang), Northern Thai ᨯ᩠ᩅᨦ, Lao ດວງ (dūang), Tai Dam ꪒꪺꪉ, Tai Dón ꪒꪺꪉ, Khmer ដួង (duəng). Possibly cognate with Chinese 燈 /灯.


ᥗᥣᥢᥱ

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH, “charcoal”). Cognate with Thai ถ่าน (tàan), Northern Thai ᨳ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຖ່ານ (thān), Lü ᦏᦱᧃᧈ (ṫhaan¹), Shan ထၢၼ်ႇ (thàan).

Lü ᦏᦱᧃᧈ (ṫhaan¹)


ᥗᥭᥴ

From Proto-Tai *crwajᴬ (“plough”). Cognate with Thai ไถ (tǎi), Lao ໄຖ (thai), Northern Thai ᨳᩱ, Khün ᨳᩱ, Lü ᦺᦏ (ṫhay), Shan ထႆ (thǎi), Ahom 𑜌𑜩 (thay), Zhuang cae, Saek ไถ่. Shared lexeme across several languages in mainland Southeast Asia, including Mon ထေဲာ, Burmese ထယ် (htai).


ᥗᥛᥲ

From Proto-Tai *cramꟲ (“cave”). Cognate with Thai ถ้ำ (tâm), Lao ຖ້ຳ (tham), Northern Thai ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Khün ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Tai Dam ꪖꪾ꫁, Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²), Tày thẳm, Shan ထမ်ႈ (thām), Ahom 𑜌𑜪 (thaṃ), Zhuang gamj. Related to Vietnamese thẳm.

Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²)


ᥗᥨᥱ

From Middle Chinese 豆 (MC duwH, “bean”). Cognate with Thai ถั่ว (tùua), Northern Thai ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵, Khün ᨳ᩠ᩅᩫ᩵, Lao ຖົ່ວ (thūa), Lü ᦷᦏᧈ (ṫho¹), Tai Dam ꪖ꪿ꪺ, Shan ထူဝ်ႇ (thò).

Lü ᦷᦏᧈ (ṫho¹)


ᥗᥨᥒᥴ

From Proto-Tai *croŋᴬ (“bag”). Cognate with Thai ถุง (tǔng), Northern Thai ᨳᩩᨦ, Lao ຖົງ (thong), Lü ᦏᦳᧂ (ṫhung), Shan ထူင် (thǔung), Ahom 𑜌𑜤𑜂𑜫 (thuṅ), Zuojiang Zhuang tung.


ᥗᥧᥐᥴ

to be suitable, appropriate, reasonable; should


ᥓᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *ɕɤwᶜ (“master, owner”), from Middle Chinese 主 (MC tsyuX, “master, owner”). Cognate with Thai เจ้า (jâao), Lao ເຈົ້າ (chao), Lao ເຈົ້າ (chao); Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²); Tai Dam ꪹꪊ꫁ꪱ; Shan ၸဝ်ႈ (tsāo); Ahom 𑜋𑜈𑜫 (chaw), 𑜋𑜨𑜧 (chow). Compare Lhao Vo zug', Zaiwa zau, Old Khmer cau, cauva, co, cova, cco, ccova, ccau, cū (“chief; head”); Modern Khmer ចៅ (caw, “boss, chief, head; king; etc”), Vietnamese chúa, Vietnamese chủ.

Lü ᦈᧁᧉ (ṫsaw²)


ᥓᥥᥖᥱ

From Proto-Tai *cetᴰ (“seven”), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC tshit, “seven”). Cognate with Thai เจ็ด (jèt), Lao ເຈັດ (chet), Tai Dam ꪹꪊꪸꪒ, Shan ၸဵတ်း (tsáet), Ahom 𑜋𑜢𑜄𑜫 (chit), Bouyei xadt, Zhuang caet, Nong Zhuang jiat.


ᥐᥨᥭᥲ

From Proto-Tai *kluəjꟲ (“banana”). Cognate with Thai กล้วย (glûai), Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ or ᨠ᩠ᩃ᩠ᩅ᩠᩶ᨿ, Lao ກ້ວຍ (kuāi), Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²), Tai Dam ꪀ꫁ꪺꪥ, Shan ၵူၺ်ႈ (kōi), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜐𑜫 (kuñ), Bouyei joic, Zhuang gyoij.

Lü ᦂᦽᧉ (k̇oy²)


ᥐᥣᥲ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *klaːꟲ (“rice seedling”), from Proto-Tai *klaːꟲ (“rice seedling”), from Old Chinese 稼 (OC *kraːs, “sow crops”). Cognate with Thai กล้า (glâa), Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩶ᩣ, Lao ກ້າ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱᧉ (k̇aa²), Shan ၵႃႈ (kāa), Tày chả.

cog

Lü ᦂᦱᧉ (k̇aa²)


ᥐᥧᥱ

Cognate with Shan ၵူႇ (kùu), Ahom 𑜀𑜥 (kū).


ᥐᥦᥰ ᥐᥤᥰ

tdd-noun

ᥐᥦᥰ ᥐᥤᥰ (käe kï) (1963 orthography ᥐᥦ̈ ᥐᥤ̈)


ᥐᥦᥙᥱ

Cognate with Thai แกลบ (glɛ̀ɛp), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩯᨷ, Khün ᨠᩯ᩠ᨷ, Lao ແກບ (kǣp), Lü ᦶᦂᧇᧈ (k̇aeb¹), Shan ၵႅပ်ႇ (kèp), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜆𑜫 (kip), Zhuang gep.

cog

Lü ᦶᦂᧇᧈ (k̇aeb¹)


ᥐᥤᥱ

From Proto-Tai *kiːꟲ (“how many; several”), from Middle Chinese 幾 (MC kj+jX). Cognate with Thai กี่ (gìi), Northern Thai ᨠᩦ᩵, Lü ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹), Khün ᨠᩦ᩵, Ahom 𑜀𑜣 (kī).

Lü ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)


ᥐᥤᥱ

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 機 (MC kj+j, “loom; machine”). Cognate with Thai กี่ (gìi), Northern Thai ᨠᩦ᩵, Lao ກີ່ (kī), Lü ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹), Khün ᨠᩦ᩵, Shan ၵီႇ (kìi).

Lü ᦂᦲᧈ (k̇ii¹)


ᥐᥤᥛᥰ

tongs, pliers, scissors (and similar tools)


ᥐᥤᥙᥴ

Cognate with Thai กีบ (gìip), Lao ກີບ (kīp), Northern Thai ᨠᩦ᩠ᨷ, Lü ᦂᦲᧇ (k̇iib), Shan ၵိပ်ႇ (kìp), Phake ကိပ် (kip), Ahom *𑜀𑜢𑜆𑜫 (*kip).


ᥘᥣᥰ

Probably from Proto-Tai *naːᴬ (“paddy field”). Cognate with Thai นา (naa), Northern Thai ᨶᩣ, Lao ນາ (nā), Shan ၼႃး (náa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Zhuang naz. Perhaps cognate with Burmese လယ် (lai, “paddy field”), Khmer ស្រែ (srae, “paddy field”).


ᥐᥧᥖᥴ

From Proto-Tai *kuːtᴰ (“fern”), from Middle Chinese 蕨 (MC kjwot, “bracken”). Cognate with Thai กูด (gùut), Lao ກູດ (kūt), Shan ၵုတ်ႇ (kùt).


ᥐᥥᥖᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *kletᴰ, from Proto-Tai *klecꟲ, from Old Chinese 介 (OC *kreːds, “shell; to wear armour”). Cognate with Thai เกล็ด (glèt), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩢᨯ, Lao ເກັດ (ket), Lü ᦵᦂᧆ (k̇ed), Shan ၵဵတ်း (káet).


ᥑᥨᥢᥴ

From Proto-Tai *q.pɯlᴬ (“body hair; feather”). Cognate with Thai ขน (kǒn), Lao ຂົນ (khon), Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪙ, Shan ၶူၼ် (khǔun), Aiton ၵုꩫ် (khun), Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜃𑜫 (khun), Bouyei benl, Zhuang bwn, Nong Zhuang koan, Saek ปุ๋น.

cog

Lü ᦃᦳᧃ (ẋun)


ᥑᥨᥛᥴ

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qɤmᴬ; Cognate with Lao ຂົມ (khom), Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum), Tai Dam ꪶꪄꪣ, Shan ၶူမ် (khǔum), Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜪 (khuṃ), Zhuang haemz, Zuojiang Zhuang koem, Saek กฺั๊ม; related to Proto-Be *kamᴬ², Proto-Hlai *C-ɦəːm

Lü ᦃᦳᧄ (ẋum)


ᥑᥨᥐ

From Proto-Tai *ɡrokᴰ (“mortar”). Cognate with Thai ครก (krók), Isan คก, Lao ຄົກ (khok), Northern Thai ᨣᩕᩫ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᨤᩫ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦷᦆᧅ (xok), Shan ၶူၵ်ႉ (khṵ̂uk), Tai Dam ꪶꪋꪀ, Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜀𑜫 (khuk).


ᥑᥨᥝᥲ

Cognate with Thai คั่ว (kûua), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᩅᩫ᩶, Khün ᨡ᩠ᩅᩫ᩶, Isan ขั้ว, Lao ຂົ້ວ (khūa), Lü ᦷᦃᧉ (ẋo²), Shan ၶူဝ်ႈ (khō), Tai Dam ꪄ꫁ꪺ, Ahom 𑜁𑜤𑜈𑜫 (khuw).

Lü ᦷᦃᧉ (ẋo²)


ᥑᥨᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *χoːꟲ (“joint”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨡᩬᩴ᩶ or ᨢᩬᩴ᩶, Thai ข้อ (kɔ̂ɔ), Lao ຂໍ້ (khǭ).


ᥑᥨᥝᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ɣɔːᴬ² (“neck”), from Proto-Tai *ɣoːᴬ (“neck”), from Middle Chinese 喉 (MC huw, “larynx; throat”). Cognate with Thai คอ (kɔɔ), Northern Thai ᨤᩬᩴ, Khün ᨤᩳ, Lao ຄໍ (khǭ), Tai Dam ꪁꪷ, Shan ၶေႃး (kháu), Phake ၵေႃ (khō), Ahom 𑜁𑜦𑜡 (khō) or 𑜁𑜞𑜦𑜡 (khrō), Zhuang hoz, Saek กฺ๊อ.


ᥑᥨᥝᥴ

Cognate with Thai ขัว (kǔua), Isan ขัว, Lao ຂົວ (khūa), Northern Thai ᨡ᩠ᩅᩫ, Khün ᨡ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lü ᦷᦃ (ẋo), Tai Dam ꪄꪺ, Shan ၶူဝ် (khǒ).


ᥑᥤᥒᥱ

Cognate with Khün ᨡᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ (khiŋ²), Shan ၶိင်ႇ (khìng).

Khün ᨡᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ (khiŋ²)


ᥑᥥᥛᥴ

From Proto-Tai *qemᴬ (“needle”), from Old Chinese 針 (OC *t.[k]əm). Cognate with Thai เข็ม (kěm), Lao ເຂັມ (khem), Lü ᦃᦲᧄ (ẋiim), Tai Dam ꪹꪄꪸꪣ, Shan ၶဵမ် (khǎem), Ahom 𑜁𑜢𑜉𑜫 (khim), Zhuang cim or caemz, Nong Zhuang chaem. Compare Vietnamese kim.


ᥑᥝᥱ

From Proto-Tai *χowᴮ (“knee”). Cognate with Lao ເຂົ່າ (khao), Thai เข่า (kào), Shan ၶဝ်ႇ (khào), Ahom 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww) or 𑜁𑜧 (khaw).


ᥝᥩᥒᥳ

From Chinese 王 (MC hjwang). Compare Zhuang vuengz, Vietnamese vương. Possibly related to Old Khmer vāṅ, vaṅ (modern Khmer វាំង (vĕəng), “royal palace”), Khmer ហ្លួង (luəng, “king”), Burmese မင်း (mang:), Proto-Northern Naga *waŋ (“chief”).


ᥝᥩᥖ

From Old Khmer vatta, vata, vâta, vatya, vatra, vattha, °vāta (“religious compound; monastery”). Cognate with Modern Khmer វត្ត (voat); Thai วัด (wát), Lao ວັດ (wat); Lü ᦞᧆ (vad); Shan ဝတ်ႉ (wâ̰t).


ᥝᥦᥢᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰwɛːnᴬ¹ (“ring; bangle”). Cognate with Thai แหวน (wɛ̌ɛn), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᩅᩯᨶ, Lao ແຫວນ (wǣn), Lü ᦶᦛᧃ (v̇aen), Tai Dam ꪵꪪꪙ, Shan ဝႅၼ် (wěn), Ahom 𑜈𑜢𑜐𑜫 (biñ). Compare Middle Chinese 環 (MC hwaen).


ᥝᥣᥒᥰ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *waːŋᴬ⁴ (“to place down; to put down”). Cognate with Thai วาง (waang), Northern Thai ᩅᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lao ວາງ (wāng), Lü ᦞᦱᧂ (vaang), Tai Dam ꪫꪱꪉ, Shan ဝၢင်း (wáang), Ahom 𑜈𑜂𑜫 (baṅ).


ᥝᥣᥢᥱ

From Mandarin 碗 (wǎn). Cognate with Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Lü ᦛᦱᧃᧈ (v̇aan¹).

cog

Lü ᦛᦱᧃᧈ (v̇aan¹)


ᥝᥣᥰ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *waːᴬ⁴ (“arm-spread, a measure of length”); Cognate with Thai วา (waa), Northern Thai ᩅᩤ, Khün ᩅᩤ, Lao ວາ (wā), Lü ᦞᦱ (vaa), Tai Dón ꪫꪱ, Shan ဝႃး (wáa), Phake ဝႃ (wā), Ahom 𑜈𑜠 (ba).

inh+

a measurement of the length of an arm-spread


ᥓᥫᥝ

prefecture, an administrative division smaller than a province and larger than a county


ᥙᥥᥰ

From Proto-Tai *beːᴬ (“raft”). Cognate with Thai แพ (pɛɛ), Northern Thai ᨻᩯ, Khün ᨻᩯ, Lao ແພ (phǣ), Lü ᦶᦗ (pae), Shan ပႄး (páae), Phake ပေ (pe), Ahom 𑜆𑜦𑜧 (pē), Old Khmer bē (“banana-leaf platter on which offerings are presented”), Modern Khmer ផែ (phae). Compare Middle Chinese 排 (MC beaj), Proto-Hlai *ɓəj (“bamboo raft”).


ᥐᥤᥒᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *kiŋᴮ (“(small) branch”). Cognate with Thai กิ่ง (gìng), Northern Thai ᨠᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lao ກິ່ງ (king), Lü ᦂᦲᧂᧈ (k̇iing¹), Khün ᨠᩥ᩠᩵ᨦ, Shan ၵိင်ႇ (kìng), Aiton ကိင် (kiṅ), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜂𑜫 (kiṅ).


ᥑᥣᥲ

From Proto-Tai *kraːꟲ (“slave”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜁𑜠 (kha), Lao ຂ້າ (khā), Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²), Shan ၶႃႈ (khāa), Thai ข้า (kâa).

cog

Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²)


ᥑᥣᥲ

From Proto-Tai *qaːꟲ (“to kill”). Cognate with Thai ฆ่า (kâa), Lao ຂ້າ (khā), Tai Dam ꪄ꫁ꪱ, Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²), Shan ၶႃႈ (khāa), Ahom 𑜁𑜠 (kha, “to cut; to kill”), Zhuang gaj, Nong Zhuang kaj.

Lü ᦃᦱᧉ (ẋaa²)


ᥑᥣ

Cognate to Shan ၶႃႈ (khāa), Ahom 𑜁𑜠 (kha).


ᥑᥣᥭᥴ

From Proto-Tai *p.qaːjᴬ (“to sell”). Cognate with Thai ขาย (kǎai), Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຂາຍ (khāi), Lü ᦃᦻ (ẋaay), Tai Dam ꪄꪱꪥ, Shan ၶၢႆ (khǎai), Phake ၵႝ (khay), Ahom 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Nùng khải, Zhuang gai, Bouyei gaail. Compare Sui beel and ggeel (“to sell”), Southern Kam beel (“to sell”).


ᥓᥩᥢᥲ

Cognate with Lao ຈ້ອນ (chǭn), ກະຈ້ອນ (ka chǭn), Shan ၸွၼ်ႈ (tsāun), Saek กะจ̂อน.


ᥔᥤᥒᥰ ᥑᥨᥱ

tdd-proper noun

ᥔᥤᥒᥰ ᥑᥨᥱ (sïng xǒ) (1963 orthography ᥔᥤᥒ̈ ᥑᥨ̌)


ᥞᥭᥴ

From Proto-Tai *krajᴬ (“jug”). Cognate with Thai ไห (hǎi, “jug; steamer”), Lao ໄຫ (hai), Lü ᦺᦠ (ḣay, “jug; steamer”), Shan ႁႆ (hǎi, “steamer”), Saek ไห่, Zuojiang Zhuang haej.


ᥚᥥᥖᥱ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *pʰetᴰˢ¹ (“hot; peppery; pungent”). Cognate with Thai เผ็ด (pèt), Northern Thai ᨹᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Lao ເຜັດ (phet), Lü ᦵᦕᧆ (ṗhed), Tai Dam ꪹꪠꪸꪒ, Shan ၽဵတ်း (pháet), Phake ၸိတ် (phit), Ahom 𑜇𑜢𑜄𑜫 (phit).


ᥘᥦᥢᥱ

cog

Lü ᦶᦜᧃᧈ (l̇aen¹)


ᥑᥨᥒᥰ

the Nu river, (the upper reaches of the Salween river)


ᥐᥣᥝ

From Proto-Tai *krwaːwᴬ (“spider”). Cognate with Tày xao,
Lü ᦂᦱᧁ (k̇aaw), Zhuang gyau.


ᥘᥩᥢᥴ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰnɔːnᴬ¹ (“worm”), from Proto-Tai *ʰnoːlᴬ (“worm”). Cognate with Thai หนอน (nɔ̌ɔn), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩬᩁ, Lao ໜອນ (nǭn), Tai Dam ꪘꪮꪙ, Tai Dón ꪘꪮꪙ, Shan ၼွၼ် (nǎun), Tai Laing ꩫွꩼꩫ်, Phake ꩫွꩫ် (non), Ahom *𑜃𑜨𑜃𑜫 (*non), Bouyei noonl, Zhuang non, Nong Zhuang noan.


ᥘᥪᥛᥴ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰlɯəmᴬ¹ (“python”). Cognate with Lao ເຫຼືອມ (lư̄am), Lü ᦵᦜᦲᧄ (l̇oem), Shan လိူမ် (lǒem), Thai เหลือม (lʉ̌ʉam), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜉𑜫 (lüm).

cog

Lao ເຫຼືອມ (lư̄am)

Thai เหลือม (lʉ̌ʉam)


ᥞᥣᥖᥱ

From Proto-Tai *haːtᴰ (“beach; sand bar”).
Cognate with Thai หาด (hàat), Lao ຫາດ (hāt), Lü ᦠᦱᧆ (ḣaad), Shan ႁၢတ်ႇ (hàat).


ᥛᥩᥐᥱ

From Proto-Southwestern Tai *ʰmɔːkᴰᴸ¹ (“fog; mist”), from Proto-Tai *ʰmoːkᴰ (“fog; mist”), from Old Chinese 霧 (OC *moɡs, *moːŋ, “fog; mist”). Cognate with Thai หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk), Lao ໝອກ (mǭk), Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹), Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), Zhuang mok, Nong Zhuang moag or mog, Saek ม̄อก, Tày moóc.

cog

Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹)


ᥛᥩᥐᥱ

From Proto-Tai *ɓloːkᴰ (“flower”). Cognate with Thai ดอก (dɔ̀ɔk), Lao ດອກ (dǭk), Northern Thai ᨯᩬᨠ, Tai Dam ꪚꪮꪀ, ꪒꪮꪀ, Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Phake မွက် (mok), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), 𑜈𑜨𑜀𑜫 (bok), Nong Zhuang ndog, Tày bjoóc.


ᥛᥩᥐᥱ

Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓuk ~ *kɓuk (“rotten, mouldy”), whence Vietnamese mốc.

mold (woolly or furry growth of tiny fungi)


ᥛᥩᥐᥱ

Cognate with Thai บอก (bɔ̀ɔk), Northern Thai ᨷᩬᨠ, Lao ບອກ (bǭk), Lü ᦢᦸᧅᧈ (ḃoak¹) or ᦢᦸᧅ (ḃoak), Tai Dam ꪚꪮꪀ, Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk) or ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Ahom 𑜈𑜨𑜀𑜫 (bok).

Lü ᦢᦸᧅᧈ (ḃoak¹)


ᥘᥨᥛᥰ

Cognate with Thai นม (nom), Northern Thai ᨶᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ນົມ (nom), Lü ᦓᦳᧄ (num), Shan ၼူမ်း (núum), Tai Dam ꪶꪙꪣ, Ahom 𑜃𑜤𑜪 (nuṃ), Zhuang noemz.


ᥗᥧᥛᥲ

From Proto-Tai *C̬.tuəmᴮ (“to flood”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨳ᩠ᩅ᩶ᨾ, Khün ᨳ᩠ᩅ᩶ᨾ, Lao ຖ້ວມ (thūam), Lü ᦏᦳᧄᧉ (ṫhum²), Shan ထူမ်ႈ (thūum), Thai ท่วม (tûuam), Ahom 𑜌𑜤𑜉𑜫 (thum), Zhuang dumh, Saek ทุม.

Lü ᦏᦳᧄᧉ (ṫhum²)

to inundate, overflow, saturate, flood over


ᥛᥫᥰ

From Proto-Tai *mɯəᴬ. Cognate with Thai เมือ (mʉʉa) or เมื้อ (mʉ́ʉa), Isan เมือ, Lao ເມືອ (mư̄a), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥᩋ (mɯa⁴), Khün ᨾᩮᩬᩨ (mɤɤ⁴), Lü ᦵᦙᦲ (moe), Tai Dam ꪹꪣ (ꞌmứa), Shan မိူဝ်း (móe), Tày mừa.

Khün ᨾᩮᩬᩨ (mɤɤ⁴)

ᥛᥫᥰᥞᥫᥢᥰ


ᥟᥣᥭ

Cognate with Thai ไอ (ai), Lao ໄອ (ʼai), Lü ᦀᦻ (˙ʼaay), Shan ဢၢႆ (ʼǎai), Ahom 𑜒𑜩 (ʼay).


ᥘᥫᥒ

From Proto-Tai *nɯːŋᴮ. Cognate with Thai หนึ่ง (nʉ̀ng), Northern Thai ᨶᩧ᩠᩵ᨦ, Lao ໜຶ່ງ (nưng) or ນຶ່ງ (nưng), Lü ᦓᦹᧂᧈ (nueng¹), Shan ၼိုင်ႈ (nūeng), Aiton လိုင် (lüṅ), Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ), Zuojiang Zhuang nwngq.

Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (lüṅ)


ᥟᥥᥖᥱ

From Middle Chinese 一 (MC 'jit, “one”). Cognate with Thai เอ็ด (èt), Lao ເອັດ (ʼet), Shan ဢဵတ်း (ʼáet), Ahom 𑜒𑜢𑜄𑜫 (ʼit), Bouyei idt, Zhuang it.

ᥔᥤᥙᥴ ᥟᥥᥖᥱ

one (ordinal or when used as part of another numeral – eleven, twenty-one, etc.)


ᥙᥦᥖᥱ

From Proto-Tai *peːtᴰ (“eight”). Cognate with Thai แปด (bpɛ̀ɛt), Tai Dam ꪵꪜꪒ, Northern Thai ᨸᩯ᩠ᨯ, Lao ແປດ (pǣt), Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹), Shan ပႅတ်ႇ (pèt), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Bouyei beedt, Zhuang bet.

Lü ᦶᦔᧆᧈ (ṗaed¹)


ᥐᥝᥲ

From Proto-Tai *kɤwꟲ (“nine”), from Middle Chinese 九 (MC kjuwX, “nine”), from Old Chinese 九 (OC *kuʔ), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d/s-kəw. Cognate with Thai เก้า (gâao), Northern Thai ᨠᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ, Lao ເກົ້າ (kao), Lü ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪀ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၵဝ်ႈ (kāo), Ahom 𑜀𑜧 (kaw), Bouyei guz, Zhuang gouj, Saek กู̂.

Lü ᦂᧁᧉ (k̇aw²)


ᥔᥣᥝᥰ

Inherited from Proto-Southwestern Tai *zaːwᴬ⁴ (“twenty”) (Jonsson, 1991). Cognate with Lao ຊາວ (sāo), Isan ซาว, Northern Thai ᨪᩣ᩠ᩅ, Lü ᦌᦱᧁ (saaw), Shan သၢဝ်း (sáao), Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw).


ᥑᥩᥢᥰ

From Proto-Tai *ɣwanᴬ. Cognate with Thai ควัน (kwan), Lao ຄວັນ (khuan), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩢᩁ, Khün ᨣ᩠ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦩᦸᧃ (xwoan) or ᦆᦸᧃ (xoan), Shan ၵႂၢၼ်း (kwáan), ၵွၼ်း (káun), ၵႂၼ်း (kwán), or ၵၼ်း (kán), Tai Dam ꪁꪺꪙ, Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜃𑜫 (khon), Tày vằn, Saek กฺ๊อน.


ᥛᥨᥭᥴ

Cognate with Isan เหมือย (mɯay¹), Lao ເໝືອຍ (mư̄a nya) or ເໝີຍ (mœ̄i), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩥ᩠ᨿ (mɤɤy¹), Khün ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩨ᩠ᨿ (mɤɤy¹), Lü ᦵᦖᧀ (ṁoey), Shan မူၺ် (mǒi), Ahom 𑜉𑜤𑜐𑜫 (muñ).

cog

Khün ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩨ᩠ᨿ (mɤɤy¹)

ᥑᥤᥒᥱᥛᥨᥭᥴ