madilim

madilím (plural madidilim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔)

madilím (canonical)
madidilim (plural)
ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
madilim (positive singular)
madidilim (plural positive)
dilim (positive root)
mas madilim (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madidilim (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madilim (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madidilim (comparative inferior plural)
kasindilim (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadilim (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadidilim (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadilim (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadidilim (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadilim (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadilim-dilim (absolute equal plural superlative)


marami

tl-adj

marami (plural mararami, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜒ)

mararami (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
marami (positive singular)
mararami (plural positive)
dami (positive root)
mas marami (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mararami (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong marami (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mararami (comparative inferior plural)
kasindami (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamarami (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamararami (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamarami (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamararami (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkarami (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkarami-rami (absolute equal plural superlative)


mababaw

mababaw (plural mabababaw, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔)

mabababaw (plural)
ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
mababaw (positive singular)
mabababaw (plural positive)
babaw (positive root)
mas mababaw (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabababaw (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mababaw (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabababaw (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbabaw (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamababaw (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabababaw (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamababaw (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabababaw (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkababaw (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkababaw-babaw (absolute equal plural superlative)

trifling; frivolous; shallow; superficial


suwapang

Possibly Chinese, according to Zorc (1993) & Santos (1978), possibly Hokkien 山崩地裂 (soaⁿ-pang-tōe-li̍h, “uproarious; riotous; outrageous”, literally “the mountains collapse and the earth splits open”). Compare Cebuano swapang (“oppressively opportunistic”).


malambot

malambót (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + lambot. The second sense comes from the phrase malambot na katawan. Cognate of Kapampangan malambut.

... kaya nagkakaroon ng nominal na kapangyarihan ang baklang guests na baklain din o gawing malambot ang nagtatanghal na heterosexual na dancer. Hinahayaan ng macho dancer na itampok ang feminine attribute na "malambot ang katawan" para sa kagalingan sa pagsayaw, na siya rin namang designasyon sa mga effeminate na bakla...

2004, Rolando B. Tolentino, Lalaking pin-up, GRO, at macho dancer, →ISBN:


maasim

tl-adj

maasim (plural maaasim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜐᜒᜋ᜔)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qaləsəm (“sour”). By surface analysis, ma- + asim. Compare Aklanon maaslom, Asi maaslom, Bikol Central maalsom, Cebuano maaslom, Malay masam, Urak Lawoi' มาซับ (masap), and Waray-Waray maaslom.


matibay

matibay (plural matitibay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔)


magaan

magaán or magaan (plural magagaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔)

magaán (canonical)
magaan (canonical)
magagaan (plural)
ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
magaan (positive singular)
magagaan (plural positive)
gaan (positive root)
mas magaan (comparative positive singular superior)
mas magagaan (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong magaan (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magagaan (comparative inferior plural)
kasinggaan (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamagaan (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamagagaan (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamagaan (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamagagaan (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkagaan (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkagaan-gaan (absolute equal plural superlative)

[mɐ.ɣɐˈʔan̪]

[mɐˈɣaː.ʔɐn̪]


inaantok

inaantók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]

From in- + antok, with initial reduplication of antok.


inaantok

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]


matiyaga

[mɐ.t͡ʃɐˈɣaʔ]


mabigat

mabigát (plural mabibigat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔)

mabigát (canonical)
mabibigat (plural)
ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mabigat (positive singular)
mabibigat (plural positive)
bigat (positive root)
mas mabigat (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabibigat (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabigat (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabibigat (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbigat (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabigat (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabibigat (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabigat (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabibigat (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabigat (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabigat-bigat (absolute equal plural superlative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat. By surface analysis, ma- + bigat.

Sabay-sabay nilang itinulak ang mabigat na dyip nang 'di na ito makatakbo.

They pushed the heavy jeepney together when it could no longer start up.

Mabigat ang krisis ng gutom sa mahihirap na sektor ng bansa.

The hunger crisis is heavy onto the poorest sectors of the country

Mabigat ang porsiyento ng mga exam sa klaseng ito kumpara sa mga proyekto.

The percentage of the exam has more weight as against the projects.

Nasasabaw ako sa mabibigat na mga teoriya ni Marx.

I can't understand fully Marx's profound theories.

formidable; hard to accomplish or tackle


kaunti

[kɐ.ʔʊn̪ˈt̪iʔ]

Kaunting tao lang ang dumating.

Kaunti lang ang kinain ko.


maliwanag

maliwanag (plural maliliwanag, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄ᜔)

Maliwanag ba?


marikit

From ma- + dikit. Potet (2016) surmises the radiant sense to be influenced by Sanskrit मरीचि (marīci, “ray of light”).


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]

act of stretching or straightening (one's arms, legs, body, etc.)

act of pressing something to make it flat or even (such as wrinkled clothes)

(colloquial) act of giving a blow or strike (to someone)


tatsulok

tatsulók (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blend of tatlo (“three”) + sulok (“corner”), coined in the 20th century.

blend

1938, Institute of National Language (Philippines), Publications, Volume 4, Issues 2-27

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Marami ang nakakasal noon nang hindi man lamang nagkakapahayagan ng mga nilalaman ng dalawang puso, subali't lubhang marami noon ang masasabi nating masasayang tahanan na hindi nakaalam ng tatsulok ng pagibig .


tatsulok

three-cornered; involving three persons, factions, parts, etc.


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


salbahe

Borrowed from Spanish salvaje (“wild; savage”).

bor+

(by extension) notoriously cunning or abusive


salbahe

(by extension) person who is notoriously cunning or abusive


malumbay

tl-adj

malumbáy (plural malulumbay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

malumbáy (canonical)
malulumbay (plural)
ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


malumbay

tl-verb

malumbáy (complete nalumbay, progressive nalulumbay, contemplative malulumbay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

malumbáy (canonical)
nalumbay (completive)
nalulumbay (progressive)
malulumbay (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


malapit

Malapit na magsimula ang inyong pinakahinihintay na programa.

Your most awaited program is soon to start.


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


nerbiyoso

tl-adj

nerbiyoso (feminine nerbiyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

nerbiyosa (feminine)
ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


makapal

Makapal ang tela ng damit kaya mainit ang pakiramdam kapag isinuot ito.

The shirt's fabric is thick hence wearing it feels hot.


upod

made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


upod

condition of being already made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


upod

wearing out or becoming worn-out at the business end (of a sole of a shoe, point of a pencil, etc.)


pikon

Borrowed from Spanish picón (“lampoon; abusive writing; ridicule; mockery”), from pica + -ón.

bor+

cranky; touchy; oversensitive; irritated; easily piqued or angered (by jokes); unable to take a joke


pikon

Possibly related to Hokkien 被告 (pǐ-kò, “accused”).

siege or encirclement for capturing enemies, escapees, etc.


magastos

tl-adj

magastos (plural magagastos, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔)


matino

sensible; judicious; decent; sane; unbroken


higante

Borrowed from Spanish gigante (“giant”). Displaced tayarak.

Malapit nang maubos ang mga higante.

2002, Komunikasyon 3' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 174:

Tinawag ni Ben ang iba pang mga higante sa kagubatan. Nang magdatingan ang mga ito, tinulungan nila si Rufo hanggang maiahon nila ito sa kumunoy.

2005, Sigay 6' 2005 Ed.(wika at Pagbasa), Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 289:

Ben called the other giants from the forest. When they came, they helped Rulfo until they brought him out of the quicksand.


higante

Hindi kaya ginamit ang higanteng gagamba sa pelikula?

2005, Brenda V. Fajardo, Ang inukit na kaalamang bayan ng Paete, →ISBN, page 103:


mapagbigay

mapagbigáy (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔)

mapagbigáy (canonical)
ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.pɐɡ.bɪˈɣaɪ̯]


mabagyo

mabagyó (plural mababagyo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ)

mabagyó (canonical)
mababagyo (plural)
ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
mabagyo (positive singular)
mababagyo (plural positive)
bagyo (positive root)
mas mabagyo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababagyo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabagyo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababagyo (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbagyo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabagyo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababagyo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabagyo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababagyo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabagyo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabagyo-bagyo (absolute equal plural superlative)

stormy; frequented by typhoons (of a place)


sapat

condition of being sufficient or adequate


Tanaka

Borrowed from Japanese 田(た)中(なか) (tanaka).

a Filipino-Japanese surname from Japanese


matigas

matigás (plural matitigas, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔)

matigás (canonical)
matitigas (plural)
ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)təʀas (cf. Binukid mategas, Gaddang mateggat, Malagasy mateza). By surface analysis, ma- + tigas.


atomismo

Borrowed from Spanish atomismo, stylized as atomo + -ismo.


tamad

From Proto-Philippine *tamád. Compare Cuyunon tamad and Cebuano tamad. See also Ilocano tamlag.


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Kapampangan abala, Pangasinan abala, and Casiguran Dumagat Agta abala. Zorc (1979) posits the senses “busy; preoccupied” were borrowed from Pangasinan abala, from Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”) with semantic shift.

Ang matagal na problema ng trapik sa mga kalsada ay isang matinding abala sa mamamayan.

The long-time problem of road traffic is a heavy burden to people.

(colloquial) act of borrowing from someone


abala

Wala akong oras dahil abala ako sa pangangalaga sa lolo ko.

I've no time because I'm busy taking care of my grandfather.

absorbed; obsessed; engrossed; preoccupied

Abala naman ang pinagagawa mo sa akin.

What you're asking me to do is troublesome.


bukas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu(ŋ)kas, from Proto-Austronesian *bukas (“to release; to undo”).


bukas

(by extension) turning on or powering on a machine


bukas

Compare Ivatan mavekas (“morning”), Botolan Sambal bayomboka (“morning”), Sambali boklah / boklas (“morning”) and Kapampangan bukas (“tomorrow”).


klase

Borrowed from Spanish clase (“class”), from Latin classis.

klaseng manggagawa

(taxonomy) grouping below phylum and above kingdom

class
grouping below phylum and above kingdom


lapi

thing attached or fastened to another (especially as a reinforcement or support)

joining of a group (such as a political party, association or organization)


Eugenio

tl-proper noun

Eugenio (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ or ᜁᜏ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜌᜓᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
ᜁᜏ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔeʊ̯ˈhɛː.ɲo]

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Eugene

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:


GG

[ˈd͡ʒiː.d͡ʒɪ]

(colloquial) Short for galunggong (“shortfin scad”).


instruktor

tl-noun

instruktór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

instruktór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊkˈt̪oɾ]


mayonesa

Borrowed from Spanish mayonesa (“mayonnaise”), from French mayonnaise.


ino

calling of attention to a defect or mistake


Bikol

Borrowed from Spanish Bicol, from either Bikol Central bikolbikol (“a tree species”) or biko (“bent; twisted”). See more at Bikol Central Bikol.


margarin

márgarín (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaɾ.ɡɐˈɾin̪]

Borrowed from English margarine, from French margarine (“margarin”), from acide margarique (“margaric acid”), from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”). Doublet of margarina.


Ekwador

Borrowed from Spanish Ecuador (“Ecuador”).


kareta

[kɐˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish carreta, from Old Spanish carreta, possibly borrowed from Old Catalan carreta, from carro + -eta. Compare Tausug karita', Indonesian kereta, and Malay kereta.

etymon

sled; sledge (framework of boards mounted on wooden runners used to carry passengers and cargo especially on ice drawn by either horse, dogs, reindeer, or one or more people)

pushcart (small long narrow cart that can be pushed or pulled)


basista

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English bassist, influenced by Spanish -ista. Doublet of bahista.


traysikel

tl-noun

tráysikél (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔)

tráysikél (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪ɾaɪ̯.sɪˈxɛl]

Borrowed from English tricycle. Doublet of trisiklo.

motorized tricycle (a type of motorized vehicle from the Philippines consisting of a motorcycle attached to a passenger cab)


polbo

Borrowed from Spanish polvo. Doublet of pulbos.

any kind of fine particles like powder or dust


sardinas

Borrowed from Spanish sardinas, plural form of sardina, from Latin sardina, from Ancient Greek σαρδίνη (sardínē). The figurative sense is from the analogy of a fully packed vehicle likened to a can of sardines.


sardinas

Parang sardinas ang bus papuntang Cubao.

(literally, “The bus heading to Cubao is like sardines.”)

packed like sardines
packed like sardines

(figurative) packed like sardines; filled to full capacity (of vehicles)


karo

Borrowed from Spanish carro, from Old Spanish carro, from Latin carrus. Doublet of kar.

carriage used to carry an image of a saint in a procession


sutil

refractory; not yielding to treatment (of an illness)


tistis

act of sawing, cutting, trimming, or paring longitudinally or along the grain (of lumber)

act of removing fibers from cloth, strips of palm, etc.


momo

From apparent reduplication of the first syllable of multo.


delas

Borrowed from Spanish delas, from de las. Its use as a contraction of de las in Spanish-origin surnames originated during the American colonial era, possibly by influence of Italian della and delle.

particle found in Spanish-derived surnames when originally spelled with de las, such as delas Alas (from earlier de las Alas)


inspektor

inspektór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

inspektór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

inspector (person employed to inspect something)

(law enforcement) inspector (police officer ranking below superintendent)


imos

cape; headland; promontory land in between the tributary of two rivers


kalang

From Spanish calar (“to pierce with a sharp instrument”).


ligat

[ˈliː.ɣɐt̪̚]

delicious consistency (esp. of cooked rice, tubers, etc.)


termos

Borrowed from English thermos, a genericized trademark from the company, Thermos LLC.


karmin

Borrowed from Spanish carmín, from French carmin.


marites

tl-noun

márités or marités (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

márités (canonical)
marités (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaː.ɾɪˈt̪ɛs]

By folk etymology, from Mare, ito ang latest (literally “Sis, here's the latest”), but actually after Marites, the eponymous character in TikTok videos by content creator Justine Luzares in 2020. The senses “buzz; gossip” emerged by 2021.

Pagkalipas ng anim na buwan, dumarating sa punto na nagkasakit tayo noong bata pa, pagkatapos ay sasabihin ng mga Marites sa tabi “ Hindi pa kasi nabibinyagan 'yang batang 'yan, baka nilulukob na ng demonyo.”

2021, Crey Bonifacio, Tagpi: Mga Aral Na Mula Sa Walang Kwentang Karanasan:

After six months, we get to the point we get sick when we were young, then the gossipers at the corner will say, "That kid's not baptized yet. He/she might be possessed by evil spirits."

Ano'ng marites, 'day?


imbalsamo

imbálsamó (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

intrigue; machination; clandestine scheme

(colloquial) scandalous gossip or rumors (usually on celebrities)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of entrega.


taol

(pathology) (attack of) convulsion (especially in children and infants)


multo

Early borrowing from Spanish muerto (“dead”) with sound shift of /ɾ/ to /l/ and stress shift following a closed penultimate syllable, from Vulgar Latin *mortu(s), from Latin mortuus. Doublet of muwerto.


siya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Pilipino siya.

he; she (third person singular animate personal pronoun)

(colloquial) it (third person singular inanimate personal pronoun)


siya

Ang belong ito ay siyang ginawa ng kanyang lola.

This veil is the very same one which her grandmother made.

the one; the identical one; the very same


siya

siya (canonical)
siyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Early borrowing of Spanish silla, from Old Spanish siella, from Latin sella. Doublet of silya.

siya ng kabayo

siya ng bisikleta

Nakasabit sa dingding ang mga siya ng kabayo na may iba-ibang palawit na estribo.

1989, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, translated by Thelma B. Kintanar, Daigdig ng Tao, Solidaridad Publishing House, page 30:

The horse saddles with different stirrups are hanging on the wall.


siya

Borrowed from Hokkien 謝／谢 (siā, “regards to; thanks; gratefulness”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

(by extension) Only used in kasiya, sufficiency; adequacy

(by extension) Only used in pasiya, decision; determination


siya

Siya na.


dini

From Proto-Austronesian *di-ni (“here”). The latter half of the word is possibly related to iri/ire/idi. See also ganiri and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns. Meanwhile, the former half is possibly related to Malay di and Indonesian di as a likely cognate. Compare Cebuano dinhi, Tausug dī, and Malay sini.


sentimos

séntimós (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish céntimos, plural of céntimo (compare apostoles, opisyales, and rekisitos).

Alternative form of sentimo (singular or plural)


hayan

The latter half of the word is possibly iyan. See also niyan, ganiyan/ganyan, diyan, heto, hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.

there! there it is! (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


inmigrante

tl-noun

inmigrante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɪ.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


gumamela

[ɡʊ.mɐˈmɛː.lɐ]

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


sando

Possibly of Japanese origin, according to Potet (2016) and the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. Compare Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji), Assamese English sando-ganji, Kapampangan sandu and Hindi सैंडो गंजी (saiṇḍo gañjī). Another theory says that the word is named after German vaudeville showman and bodybuilder Eugene Sandow (1867-1925) who wore a sleeveless shirt when showing off his muscles.

cog

স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি

Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji)

sleeveless undershirt; tank top; wifebeater; singlet; vest


ligata

[lɪˈɣaː.t̪ɐʔ]

(medicine) pimple-like growth on the skin; itchy blotch or whelk on the skin


Pampanga

Borrowed from Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + Spanish -a.

af

Pampanga (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles City)


gaban

Borrowed from Spanish gabán, from Arabic قَبَاء (qabāʔ).


aboy-aboy

tl-adj

abóy-abóy (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

abóy-abóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌboɪ̯ ʔɐˈboɪ̯]


abelyana

Borrowed from Spanish avellana, from Latin abellana.


adelpa

[ʔɐˈd̪ɛl.pɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish adelfa, from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).


agila

[ˌʔaː.ɣɪˈla]

Borrowed from Spanish águila (“eagle”), from Latin aquila.

kind of shallow-water fish corral provided with a semicircular enclosure having two opposite, tapering ends that lead into two pounds


San Pablo

Borrowed from Spanish San Pablo.
The city is named after Paul of Thebes (Spanish: Pablo el Ermitaño. Tagalog: Pablo, ang Unang Ermitanyo), its patron saint.

San Pablo (a city in Laguna, Philippines)


alkitran

alkitrán (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alquitrán, from Andalusian Arabic اَلْقَطْرَان (al-qiṭrán), from Arabic اَلْقِطْرَان (al-qiṭrān, “tar”).

der

اَلْقَطْرَان

اَلْقِطْرَان

Isang pormula ang nakuha sa Inglaterra , para makayari ng isang likidong pangalis ng barnis, lakre, alkitran, at pintura.

1935, Marcial G. Mendiola, Kabuhayan at tagumpay, Carrsaco Press Company, page 34:

A formula for making a liquid that can remove varnish, lacre, tar and paint was obtained from England.


alpombra

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alfombra, from Andalusian Arabic الحنبل (al-ḥánbal), from Arabic حَنْبَل (ḥanbal, “ceremonial tapestry”).


ambulansya

tl-noun

ambulansya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ambulansiya.


algodon

algodón (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜄᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish algodón. Doublet of koton.


antipatiko

tl-adj

antipátikó (feminine antipatika, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ)

antipátikó (canonical)
antipatika (feminine)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

antipathic; uncongenial; displeasing; disagreeable; ungracious


alibangbang

tl-noun

alibangbáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔)

alibangbáng (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-baŋbaŋ (“kind of tree with leaves shaped like butterflies”), from Proto-Austronesian *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world) + Proto-Austronesian *baŋbaŋ (“butterfly, moth”).

inh

small, roadside, yellow-winged butterfly

Malabar orchid tree; Malabar bauhinia (Piliostigma malabaricum)


antipara

[ʔɐn̪.t̪ɪˈpaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish antiparras (“spectacles; eyeglasses”).

bor+

(dated or dialectal, Quezon) spectacles; eyeglasses; glasses


asibar

[ʔɐˈsiː.bɐɾ]


apitong

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (medium hardwood tree used for lumber)


diin

From Proto-Southern Philippine *dəqən (“press down on”). Compare Bikol Central duon, Cebuano duon, Waray-Waray duon, and Tboli dken.


alang-alang

tl-noun

alang-alang (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜅ᜔ᜀᜎᜅ᜔)

[ˌʔaː.lɐŋ ˈʔaː.lɐŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *alaŋ alaŋ.


asero

Borrowed from Spanish acero, from Late Latin aciārium.

martilyong asero

asero ng pluma


apendisitis

tl-noun

apendisitis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


artikulo

artíkuló (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾˌt̪iː.xʊˈlo]

Borrowed from Spanish artículo, from Latin articulus.

article (of magazines, newspapers, etc.)


amihan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS-an. Compare Ilocano amian, Kapampangan amian, Bikol Central amihan, Cebuano amihan, Hiligaynon amihan, Amis amis.

inh+

Coordinate term: habagat


alkansiya

tl-noun

alkansiyá or alkansiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

alkansiyá (canonical)
alkansiya (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

piggy bank; money box (or any kind of coin container)


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

visible through transparent or translucent objects


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

clear visibility through transparent or translucent objects

(figurative) attempt to understand; enlightenment


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]


anting-anting

antíng-antíng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

antíng-antíng (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐn̪ˌt̪iŋ ʔɐn̪ˈt̪iŋ]

Borrowed from Malay anting-anting (“dangling earrings; pendulum”).


agwanta

[ʔɐɡ.wɐn̪ˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish aguantar, from Italian agguantare.

act of endurance; tolerance (of pain, hardship, misfortune, etc.)


apdo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapejux.


apog

From Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Ilocano apog, Kapampangan api, Bikol Central apog, Hiligaynon apog, and Malay kapur. Doublet of alkampor and kapol.


alagad

[ʔɐ.lɐˈɣad̪̚]

Ultimately from Proto-Philippine *alagad.


anila

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.lɐ]


mga

From earlier manga, from Proto-Central Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋa.
The three-letter spelling originated in a now defunct Spanish language abbreviation convention of drawing a tilde over words with nasal sounds. In this case manga, earlier rendered as mang̃a, was later contracted as mg̃a or m͠ga. The complications of typing ⟨ñ⟩, ⟨g̃⟩ or any such tilded combination using English language typewriters during the American occupation of the Philippines caused it to be dropped in writing. Compare ng.
The abbreviated form was kept to avoid possible confusion with prefix manga-.

mga aso


mga

Alis tayo mga alas tres ng hapon.

Siguro mga sampung piso lang iyong pamasahe.
Maybe the fare is around ₱10.


apunta

Borrowed from Spanish apuntar. Doublet of apoynt.

(medicine) onset; sudden attack (of a sickness or ailment)


asupre

Borrowed from Spanish azufre (“sulfur”), from Old Spanish sufre, from Latin sulfur.


atake

[ʔɐˈt̪aː.xɛ]

(figurative) approach (manner of making or solving)


atsara

[ʔɐˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɐt̪ˈsaː.ɾɐ]

Possibly ultimately from Persian آچار (âčâr, “pickle, marinade”). Compare Indonesian acar and Hindi अचार (acār). See also Spanish achara.

atchara (pickle made from grated unripe papaya originating from the Philippines)


andam

Compare Kapampangan andam or Bikol Central andam.


awat

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: awat

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]

reducing or putting out a fire in a stove


awat

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]


kanibal

tl-noun

kanibál or kánibál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔)

kanibál (canonical)
kánibál (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish caníbal with stress shift, from older caríbal, from caribe, from Kalinago karifuna (“Island Carib person”).


asinan

[ʔɐˈsiː.n̪ɐn̪]

place where salting preservation is done


asinan

tl-verb

asinán (complete inasinan, progressive inaasinan, contemplative aasinan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔)

asinán (canonical)
inasinan (completive)
inaasinan (progressive)
aasinan (contemplative)
ᜀᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
asin (root)
mag-asin (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nag-asin (completive root trigger-actor)
nag-aasin (progressive trigger-actor)
nagaasin (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
mag-aasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
magaasin (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gaasin (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kaaasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapag-aasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapag-asin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapag-asin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
asinan (infinitive root trigger-object)
inasinan (completive root trigger-object)
inaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
inaasinan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
aasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
aasinan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pag-asinan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinag-asinan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinag-aasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pag-aasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipag-asin (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinag-asin (benefactive completive root)
ipinapag-asin (benefactive progressive)
ipapag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
ipang-asin (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinang-asin (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapang-asin (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapang-asin (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapag-asin (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapag-asin (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
pag-asinan (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinag-asinan (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
pinag-aasinan (progressive trigger-referential)
papag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
pag-aasinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpaasin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpaasin (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapaasin (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapaasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapaaasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papag-asinin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapag-asin (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapag-asin (actor-secondary progressive)
papapag-asinin (actor-secondary contemplative)
paasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinaasinan (completive trigger-object)
pinapaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
pinaaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
papaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
paaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpaasin (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpaasin (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapaasin (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapaasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpaasin (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpaasinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpaasinan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpaasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpaasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapag-asinan (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
papapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapag-asin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapag-asin (completive trigger-actor)
nakapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapag-asin (progressive trigger-actor)
makapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapag-asin (contemplative trigger-actor)
maasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
naasinan (completive trigger-object)
naaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
maaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipag-asin (benefactive infinitive)
naipag-asin (benefactive completive)
naipag-aasin (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapag-asin (benefactive progressive)
naiipag-asin (benefactive progressive)
maipag-aasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
maiipag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
maikapag-asin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapag-asin (completive trigger-causative)
naikapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipag-asin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipag-asin (completive trigger-causative)
naipag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
maipag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
napag-aasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapag-aasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpaasin (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapag-asin (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapag-asin (actor-secondary completive)
napapapag-asin (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapag-asin (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapaasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
napaasinan (completive trigger-object)
napaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
mapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpaasin (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpaasin (benefactive completive)
naipagpapaasin (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapaasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpaasin (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpaasinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpaasinan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpaasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpaasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapag-asinan (completive trigger-referential)
napapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipag-asin (direct infinitive)
nakipag-asin (completive direct)
nakikipag-asin (direct progressive)
makikipag-asin (contemplative direct)
makiasin (direct infinitive)
nakiasin (completive direct)
nakikiasin (direct progressive)
makikiasin (contemplative direct)
makipagpaasin (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpaasin (completive indirect)
nakikipagpaasin (indirect progressive)
makikipagpaasin (contemplative indirect)

[ʔɐˈsiː.n̪ɐn̪]

to be put salt on; to be sprinkled with salt


agwa

Borrowed from Spanish agua (“water”), from Old Spanish agua, from Latin aqua.


agwa

agwá (canonical)
agwa (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)

big splash or surge of water (as when one dives into a river)


bakalaw

Borrowed from Spanish bacalao, from Dutch bakaliaw.


balaan

balaan (complete binalaan, progressive binabalaan, contemplative babalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

binalaan (completive)
binabalaan (progressive)
babalaan (contemplative)
ᜊᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
la (root)
balaan (infinitive)
binalaan (completive root)
binabalaan (progressive root)
inabalaan (dialectal progressive root)
babalaan (contemplative objective)
abalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
balai (dialectal imperative objective)

balaan


balahibo

From Southern Proto-Philippine *barahibu (“body hair”). Compare Bikol Central barahibo and Hiligaynon balahibo.


bagoong

[bɐˈɣoː.ʔoŋ]

From Proto-Northern Philippine *bagúʔung (“salted/picked shrimps or fish”). Compare Ilocano bugguong and Ibanag bagong. Unrelated to Thai กุ้ง (gûng).

bagoong (Philippine condiment made from fermented fish or shrimp with salt)


babae

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi. Cognate with Cebuano babaye, Kapampangan babai, Ilocano babai, Mansaka bobay, Maranao bebay, Paiwan vavayan, and Yogad bebay.

Nahuli ko si Tatay na may kasamang babae noong isang gabi sa sa hotel.

I caught Father with her mistress one night in a hotel.

Ipaghalimbawa natin na ang maybahay ay may isang kaibigan na nagsabi sa kaniya na ang kaniyang asawa ay may kasamang babae.

1981, Tomas Quintin D. Andres, Lohika sa kaisipang Pilipino:

Let's use as an example of a wife who has a friend that told her that her husband is out with his mistress.

(electronics, mechanics) female connector; female fastener


bangketa

[bɐŋˈkɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish banqueta (“sidewalk”, literally “little bench”).


balasubas

someone who fails to pay obligations promptly


bandehado

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish bandejado (“tray, platter”).


bagting

Compare Cebuano bagting, Waray-Waray bagting, and Tausug bagting.

rope or wire as an obstacle to prevent entry


bagyo

→ Spanish: baguio

→ Tausug: badju

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀiuh (compare Bikol Central bagyo, Cebuano bagyo, Chamorro påkyo, and Ilocano bagio), from Proto-Austronesian *baʀiuS (“typhoon”) (compare Amis faliyos, Bunun balivus, and Sakizaya baliyus).

(meteorology) typhoon; tropical cyclone; storm; tempest

(figurative, colloquial) bad circumstance that befalls someone


basag-ulo

From basag + ulo, literally “breaking up of heads”. From the 1930s.


atay

From Proto-Philippine *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay. Compare Amis 'atay, Bikol Central katoy, Fijian yate, Hawaiian ake, Kapampangan ate, Maori ate, Malagasy aty, Malay hati, Rukai athai, Saaroa 'aci'i, and Tetum aten.

(colloquial) arch of the sole of the foot


atay

[ˈʔaː.t̪aɪ̯]

(uncommon) act of slowly doing something


atay

[ˈʔaː.t̪aɪ̯]


batad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batad (“millet or sorghum sp.”). Compare Hiligaynon batad, Cebuano batad, and Maranao bantad.

inh

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual


banig

Compare Bikol Central banig, Cebuano banig, and Hiligaynon banig.

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


balangaw

[bɐ.lɐˈŋaʊ̯]

From Proto-Central Philippine *balaŋaw (“rainbow”). Compare Bikol Central balangaw, Cebuano bangaw, Hiligaynon balangaw, Waray-Waray balangaw, and Tausug bāngaw. The senses “triumphal arch” and “congratulation” may be related to the Noahic Covenant.


banaag

[bɐˈn̪aː.ʔɐɡ̚]

[bɐ.n̪ɐˈʔaɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banaqaʀ (“radiance, as of rising sun”).


balota

Borrowed from Spanish balota, from French ballotte, from Italian ballotta.


banas

(colloquial) annoyance caused by sultry weather


batidor

Borrowed from Spanish batidor. Compare Kapampangan batirul.


bagon

Borrowed from Spanish vagón, from French wagon.

(rail transport) railroad car (US); railway carriage (UK)

(dialectal, Boac-Mogpog Marinduque) five-centavo coin


baraha

Borrowed from Spanish baraja (“deck of cards”), from barajar. Doublet of balasa.


balatong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balatuŋ. Compare Tausug batung.


bansag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ban(e)sag.
Compare Kapampangan bansag.


batobalani

batobalanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


balani

Ellipsis of batubalani (“magnet”), from Malay batu berani (“magnet”, literally “brave stone”). Doublet of bayani.


iniri

inirí (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
iri (root)
ᜁᜇᜒ (root)
iriin (infinitive)
ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
iniri (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ (completive root)
iniiri (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜒᜁᜇᜒ (progressive root)
inairi (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜁᜇᜒ (progressive root)
iiriin (contemplative objective)
ᜁᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
airiin (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
iriin (imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
iri (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒ (imperative objective)
iria (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒᜀ (imperative objective)

iniri

iriin
 ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔

iniri
 ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ

iniiri
ᜁᜈᜒᜁᜇᜒ
inairi¹
ᜁᜈᜁᜇᜒ

iiriin
ᜁᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔
airiin¹
 ᜀᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔

iriin
 ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔
iri¹
ᜁᜇᜒ
iria¹
ᜁᜇᜒᜀ

to push (while giving childbirth or defecating)


basag

From Proto-Philippine *basag (“to crack, break; cracked, broken”).

inh

act of breaking or cracking solid and brittle objects


basag

broken; cracked (of solid and brittle objects)


barbero

[bɐɾˈbɛː.ɾo]


bangkay

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Kapampangan bangke, and Malay bangkai.


barong

barong Tagalog (a Philippine embroidered long-sleeved formal shirt for men)


barong

barong (cutting weapon used by Moros in the Philippines)


balita

Borrowed from Malay berita, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “news”). Compare Bikol Central bareta and Tausug bayta'.

Pakinggan natin ang balita.

Ayon sa balita'i pan͠galauá itó / ng Principe niyang bantóg sa sangmundó

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Florante at Laura:

Datapuwa't sinabi niya sa kanila, Dapat namang ipangaral ko sa mga ibang bayan ang mabubuting balita ng kaharian ng Dios: sapagka't sa ganito ay sinugo ako.

Makinig sa iyong debateryang radyo para sa mga balita at payo, utos o bilin. Lumikas kapag pinayuhan o inutusan kang gawin ito.

1991, Ang Iyong Pampamilyang Plano Laban sa Sakuna:

Nagbabahala kahapon ang Department of Justice (DoJ) na kakasuhan nito at ipakukulong ang sino mang magkakalat ng maling balita tungkol sa Ebola outbreak.

Sa buong panahon ng 2017, naging regular ang mga negatibong balita tungkol sa kampanya kontra droga ng pamahalaan [...] Sa pagsisimula ng 2018, isang natatanging magandang balita ang namayani—


balita

Naakit ang lahat sa ganda ng balitang prinsesa.

All were attracted to the beauty of the famous princess.

Sigaw n͠g balita'y ¿ano't nániniig / ang napapanahon sa nasang pag-ibig?

Páhayagáng̃ kanyá ring̃ likhâ na pinamagatáng̃ «El Hogar» at nagíng̃ katulong̃ ng̃ balitang̃ «Pliegong Tagalog» na nagbábanság ng̃ lalong̃ maháhalagáng̃ pagbaka sa ating̃ mg̃a kaaway.

1922, Jose N. Sevilla & Tolentino, Mga Dakilang Pilipino:


baog

baóg (canonical)
baog (canonical)
ᜊᜂᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *baqug (“spoiled; sterile”). Compare Ilocano baog, Kapampangan baug, Bikol Central baog, and Cebuano baog.


bangon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋun, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋuN. Compare Bikol Central bangon, Cebuano bangon, Hiligaynon bangon, and Malay bangun.


bangon

(Batangas) cylindrical or cigar-shaped fish pot made of bamboo splits (for catching freshwater shrimp and eel)


bangka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkaq (“boat”). Compare Cebuano bangka and Tausug bangka'.

boat; canoe (especially a native sailless boat)


banwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community”). Compare Ibatan vanua (“port”), Pangasinan banwa (“sun”), Kapampangan banua (“year, sky, heaven”), Cebuano banwa (“homeland”), Hiligaynon banwa (“town”), and Malay benua (“large expanse of land”).

inh

(politics, neologism) state; the government of a country or city-state


bilad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”).

exposed under the sun (usually for drying)

(figurative) exposed for all to see; in the open


bantayan

tl-verb

bantayán (complete binantayan, progressive binabantayan, contemplative babantayan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜌᜈ᜔)

bantayán (canonical)
binantayan (completive)
binabantayan (progressive)
babantayan (contemplative)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bantay (root)
magbantay (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nagbantay (completive root trigger-actor)
nagbabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
nagabantay (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
magbabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
magabantay (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gabantay (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kababantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagbabantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapagbantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapagbantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
bantayin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binantay (completive root trigger-object)
binabantay (progressive trigger-object)
inabantay (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
babantayin (contemplative trigger-object)
abantayin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
bantayan (directional infinitive root)
binantayan (completive directional root)
binabantayan (directional progressive)
inabantayan (dialectal directional progressive)
babantayan (contemplative directional)
abantayan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagbantayan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbantayan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipagbantay (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinagbantay (benefactive completive root)
ipinapagbantay (benefactive progressive)
ipapagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
ipambantay (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambantay (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambantay (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambantay (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapagbantay (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbantay (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagbantayan (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinagbantayan (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
pinagbabantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
papagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
pagbabantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpabantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabantay (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapababantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papagbantayin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapagbantay (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapagbantay (actor-secondary progressive)
papapagbantayin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabantay (completive trigger-object)
ipinababantay (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabantay (progressive trigger-object)
ipababantay (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
pabantayan (directional infinitive)
pinabantayan (completive directional)
pinapabantayan (directional progressive)
pinababantayan (directional progressive)
papabantayan (contemplative directional)
pababantayan (contemplative directional)
ipagpabantay (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabantay (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabantay (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabantayan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapababantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapababantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapagbantayan (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
papapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapagbantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagbantay (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagbantay (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagbantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
nabantay (completive trigger-object)
nababantay (progressive trigger-object)
mababantay (contemplative trigger-object)
mabantayan (directional infinitive)
nabantayan (completive directional)
nababantayan (directional progressive)
mababantayan (contemplative directional)
maipagbantay (benefactive infinitive)
naipagbantay (benefactive completive)
naipagbabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagbantay (benefactive progressive)
naiipagbantay (benefactive progressive)
maipagbabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagbantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagbantay (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipagbantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipagbantay (completive trigger-causative)
naipagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maipagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbabantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbabantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabantay (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapagbantay (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapagbantay (actor-secondary completive)
napapapagbantay (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapagbantay (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabantay (completive trigger-object)
naipababantay (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabantay (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabantay (progressive trigger-object)
maipababantay (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
mapabantayan (directional infinitive)
napabantayan (completive directional)
napababantayan (directional formal progressive)
napapabantayan (directional progressive)
mapababantayan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapabantayan (contemplative directional)
maipagpabantay (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabantay (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabantay (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapababantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapababantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapagbantayan (completive trigger-referential)
napapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipagbantay (direct infinitive)
nakipagbantay (completive direct)
nakikipagbantay (direct progressive)
makikipagbantay (contemplative direct)
makibantay (direct infinitive)
nakibantay (completive direct)
nakikibantay (direct progressive)
makikibantay (contemplative direct)
makipagpabantay (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabantay (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabantay (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabantay (contemplative indirect)


bibingka

tl-noun

bibingka or bibingká (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ)

bibingka (canonical)
bibingká (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay bingka (“cake made of rice flour, coconut milk, eggs and plum sugar”) with initial reduplication. The genitalia sense is a semantic loan from Cebuano bibingka (“female genitalia”). Compare Tausug bibingka, Philippine Spanish vivinca, Macanese bebinca.

sl

bibingka (rice cake made from rice, coconut, and grated coconut, and wrapped in coconut leaves)


banta

From Proto-Philippine *bantaq (“to argue with”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bantaq. Cognate with Cebuano banta (“to warn someone not to do something; to plan to do harm”), Indonesian and Malay bantah (“altercation”).

cog

May banta sa akin ang mga kaaway ko.

Banta sa seguridad ng bansa ang planong pagpasok ng ilang teroristang grupo mula sa Gitnang Silangan.

The planned entry of terrorist groups from the Middle East constitute a national security threat.


monoteismo

tl-noun

monoteismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


bendisyon

bendisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

bendisyón (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish bendición, from Old Spanish bendicion, from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictiōnem (“blessing”).

der

(Christianity) absolution (during Confession)


bahaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaw, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaw. Cognates with Bikol Central bahaw (“cold, referring to food”), and Ilocano baaw (“leftover, cold rice”).

cog

leftover food (especially cooked rice left overnight)


bahaw

process of healing (of wounds, cuts, etc.)


bayabas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba, from Taíno / Lokono. Compare Bikol Central bayawas, Malay biawas, and Brunei Malay biabas.


bilas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biras (“wife's sister's husband”). Compare Kapampangan bilas, Bikol Central bilas, Cebuano bilas, and Malay biras.

inh

co-sibling-in-law; co-sister-in-law or co-brother-in-law


bilanggo

→ Ilocano: bilanggo

[bɪ.lɐŋˈɡoʔ]

Borrowed from Malay belenggu (“shackle”), ultimately from Tamil விலங்கு (vilaṅku, “animal; fetters; shackles; manacles”).

der

(law enforcement, historical, obsolete) bailiff


balaw

From Proto-Philippine *balaw (“small shrimp sp.”).

inh

any of a number of species of small shrimp in the genus Acetes (used in bagoong production)


balaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaw (“a tree, probably Dipterocarpus spp.; resinous substance obtained from this tree”). Compare Ilocano balaw, Cebuano balaw, and Malay balau.

illumination set for a person along a pathway


bilin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilin (“order, request, command; message; something left for another”). Compare Tausug bīn.

directions; instructions (given by someone leaving for a while)


bilin

tl-verb

bilín (complete binili, progressive binibili, contemplative bibilin, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

bilín (canonical)
binili (completive)
binibili (progressive)
bibilin (contemplative)
ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bantay

[bɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

Possibly from Chinese. Compare Hokkien 望 (bāng)臺／台 (tâi), Hokkien 萬代／万代 (bān-tāi), Hokkien 向望 (ǹg-bāng), Tagalog abang, and Tagalog antay. Cognates with Bikol Central bantay, Cebuano bantay, Hiligaynon bantay, Kapampangan bante, Maranao bantay, and Waray-Waray bantay.

act of guarding (a person, place, object, etc.)

(endearing) affectionate epithet for a dog


bawi

From Proto-Philippine *bawiq (cf. Cebuano bawi).

retrieval; recovery (of one's property, health, etc.)

retraction (of one's words, commitment, etc.)


bihag

→ Kapampangan: bihag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (“captive: taken alive in war; to spare: allow to live”). Compare Ilocano biag, Pangasinan bilay, Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, Cebuano bihag, Maranao biyag / oyag, and Malay biar. Possible doublet of buhay.

inh

Bihagin mo iyang baboy.

(obsolete) act of living or letting something live

(physiology, figuratively, obsolete) erection of a penis


bihag

bihag pa


baybay

From Proto-Philippine *baybáy (“beach; shore”).

guide railing (especially for children learning to walk)

act of tracing or going along the side of a river, street, etc.


bendita

Borrowed from Spanish bendita, feminine of bendito.


bayaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaw. Cognate with Bikol Central bayaw, Cebuano bayaw, and Waray-Waray bayaw.


bisyo

Borrowed from Spanish vicio, from Latin vitium.


bintana

[bɪn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Early borrowing from Spanish ventana (“window”).

Buksan mo ang bintana.

Maraming bintana kaya maliwanag ang kuwarto.

There are many windows so the room is bright.


bitay

From Proto-Philippine *bítay. Compare Ilocano bitay, Cebuano bitay, Hiligaynon bitay, and Maranao bentay.


obispado

Borrowed from Spanish obispado (“bishopric”).


biskwit

biskwít (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of biskuwit.


bayo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayu (“to pound”).

inh

heavy blows (of punches, attack, wind, etc.)


bisikleta

Borrowed from Spanish bicicleta, from French bicyclette.

Kaya kung gusto ni Agot na mabasa at pati na rin ang reactions ng netizens ay kanyang mabasa, visit niya ang FB ni Isabel. “For ur perusal aggot maggot isidro!!! bawal mainggit sa gitna ng pandemia^([sic]). Bawal pakialaman post ng iba sa wall nila, bawal din hindi ipost regalo ng kaibigang bisekleta para malaman nilang grateful sila. Bawal kang hindi uminom ng medicines mo para sa aggressive anti-social behaviours mo!!!”

2020, Nitz Miralles, “Agot tinawag ding anti-social, pakialamera”, in Pang-Masa:


binhi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, from Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq.


baha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq. Compare Malay bah. See also Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha, “flowing into or towards”).


baha

stoppage (of ration, installment, subscription, etc.)


budhi

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence; understanding; mind”). Compare Malay budi.

bor+

intuition; faculty of intuitive discernment

(colloquial) sorrow for one's suffering; pity


binata

[bɪˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]


batok

strike on the nape (especially with one's hand)


batok

cowardice or fear felt by someone in danger


amba

ambâ (canonical)
ambá (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)


buhat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat (“do; make; work”). Compare Cebuano buhat and Malay buat.

inh

object being lifted; object being carried


bino

Borrowed from Spanish vino, from Latin vīnum.


bisita

(historical) village chapel; small barrio chapel


tamis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)mis. Compare Ilocano sam-it, Pangasinan samit, Bikol Central hamis, Cebuano tam-is and Malay manis.


kapsula

Borrowed from Spanish cápsula, from Latin capsula.


bukana

Cognate with Hiligaynon bukana, from Spanish boca. See also Spanish bocana.

front; threshold (of a house, building, etc.)


bukadkad

bukadkád (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜇ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


bukadkad

act of opening one by one (of petals, pages, etc.)


buksan

tl-verb

buksán (complete binuksan, progressive binubuksan, contemplative bubuksan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔)

buksán (canonical)
binuksan (completive)
binubuksan (progressive)
bubuksan (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bukas (root)
bumukas (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumukas (completive root trigger-actor)
bumubukas (progressive trigger-actor)
nabukas (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
bubukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabukas (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kabubukas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
buksan (infinitive root trigger-object)
binuksan (completive root trigger-object)
binubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
inabuksan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
bubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
abuksan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagbuksan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbuksan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbubuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbubuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibukas (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinukas (benefactive completive root)
ibinubukas (benefactive progressive)
ibubukas (benefactive contemplative)
ipambukas (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambukas (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambukas (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambukas (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikabukas (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinabukas (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinabubukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibukas (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinukas (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinubukas (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibubukas (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibukas (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinukas (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinubukas (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibubukas (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapabubukas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pabuksin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinabukas (actor-secondary completive)
pinabubukas (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapabukas (actor-secondary progressive)
pabubuksin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papabuksin (actor-secondary contemplative)
pabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinabuksan (completive trigger-object)
pinapabuksan (progressive trigger-object)
pinabubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
papabuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
pabubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpabukas (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabukas (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabukas (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabukas (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabukas (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabuksan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbuksan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nakabubukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
makabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
napabukas (completive trigger-actor)
napabubukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
mapabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
nabuksan (completive trigger-object)
nabubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
mabubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
maibukas (benefactive infinitive)
naibukas (benefactive completive)
naibubukas (benefactive progressive)
maibubukas (benefactive contemplative)
maikabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikabukas (completive trigger-causative)
naikabubukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naikabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibukas (completive trigger-causative)
naibubukas (progressive trigger-causative)
maibubukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbukasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbukasan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbubukasan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbukasan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbubukasan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbukasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabukas (actor-secondary infinitive)
napabukas (actor-secondary completive)
napabubukas (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapabukas (actor-secondary progressive)
mapabubukas (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapabukas (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
napabuksan (completive trigger-object)
napabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapabuksan (progressive trigger-object)
mapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapabuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpabukas (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabukas (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabukas (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabukas (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabukas (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabuksan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbuksan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibukas (direct infinitive)
nakibukas (completive direct)
nakikibukas (direct progressive)
makikibukas (contemplative direct)
makipagpabukas (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabukas (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabukas (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabukas (contemplative indirect)

Syncopic form of bukasan, from bukas + -an.

Buksan mo ang pinto.

Binuksan ng bata ang ilaw.

(literally, “The light was turned on by the kid.”)

to be mentioned; to be begun to be talked about; to be opened as a subject


bulalakaw

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”). Cognate with Kapampangan bulalako (“meteor”), Cebuano bulakaw (“spirit resembling St. Elmo's fire”), Maranao bolalakaw (“god of fish”), and Tausug bulākaw (“meteor”).


bulawan

From Proto-Austronesian *bulaw-an (“gold”), equivalent to bulaw + -an. Compare Ivatan vuhawan, Ibanag vulawan, Bikol Central bulawan, Aklanon bueawan, Cebuano bulawan, Maranao bolawan, Tausug bulawan, and Kavalan berawan. The word is not found in early Tagalog dictionaries and may be borrowed from other Philippine languages.


bukad

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj (“to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers”). Compare Ilocano bekkag and Maranao bekar.


bukal

Possibly related to Spanish brocal. Compare Bikol Central bukal, Hiligaynon bukal, and Ilocano bukal.

spring; natural source of fresh water with continuous flow

(figurative) origin; original source; fountainhead

eruption on the skin (of rash, disease, etc.)


asido

Borrowed from Spanish ácido (“acid”), from Latin acidus.


halaga

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Kapampangan alaga, Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).


halili

From Proto-Central Philippine *halili (“substitute”). Compare Cebuano halili. Possibly from a reduplication of Malay alih (“change, replace, transfer”).


parol

→ English: parol

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Kapampangan parul.


parol

Borrowed from English parol, from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabola, parabula, and palabra.


parol

(obsolete) respect for another by following the person's judgment


agregado

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈɣaː.d̪o]


agregado

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈɣaː.d̪o]


buslot

break or opening on floors offering danger of stumbling

unexpected depressions on pathways, also offering danger of stumbling

stumble due to one's foot tripping on an opening on the floor or an unexpected depression on a pathway


dawdaw

[d̪aʊ̯ˈd̪aʊ̯]

dipping in liquid (of one's hand or fingers)


butig

From Southern Proto-Philippine *butiʀ. Compare butlig.


dalagita

[d̪ɐ.lɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐ]

From dalaga + -ita (“diminutive suffix”).


dayan

festive decorations (such as buntings, bannerets, or arches put up during town celebrations)


bunggo

Compare Cebuano bunggo and Hiligaynon bunggo.


debosyon

debosyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish devoción, from Latin dēvōtiō.


demokrasya

tl-noun

demokrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish democracia (“democracy”), from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).


busay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəsay. Compare Asi busay, Bikol Central busay, Cebuano busay and Tausug busay.


buling

act of throwing water at someone (on the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist on June 24th)


damak

unit of measure equal to the width of one's palm


busal

muzzle (device to prevent an animal from biting)


dapit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapit (“ferry across”).

inh

religious ceremony where a dead body is brought into a church with a priest and acolytes where it is blessed (before being buried)

(archaic, now dialectal) fetching of a bride by the groom's relatives from her home after the wedding to the house of the groom


dagas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀas (“hasten”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀəs (“swift flowing of water, rain”). Doublet of dalas.

emergency call for someone needed (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)

person sent in an errand to call people in an emergency (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)


butang

From Cebuano butang (“to place”). Compare butangan.

act of beating or hitting a person mercilessly (as of a thug)


dalag

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual

mudfish; striped snakehead (Channa striata)


danaw

From Proto-Philippine *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw. Doublet of lanaw. Compare Eastern Bontoc fiannaw.


bunyag

disclosure; revelation (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


bunyag

disclosed; revealed (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


bungot

Compare Tausug pungut, Malay janggut and Javanese jenggot

piece of thread put through the eye of a needle


buti

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूति (bhūti, “well-being; adornment”).

bor+

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


dalok

Borrowed from Malay jeruk, from Javanese ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”). Compare Khmer ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus fruit, orange”) and Thai กรูด (grùut).


dahon

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dahun (“leaf”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating”). Compare Malay daun.

inh

(publishing) sheet of paper; leaf (of a book)

movable frame or panelling (of a door or window)

(obsolete) offerings to the anitos put on certain leaves


dalo

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan dalo. Compare dalaw.

attendance; presence (in an event, performance, etc.)


dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”). Also possibly Sanskrit of origin, either Sanskrit दारिका (dārikā, “girl, daughter”), or Sanskrit दार (dāra, “wife”).
Compare Aklanon daeaga, Bikol Central daraga, Cebuano dalaga, Hiligaynon dalaga, Malay dara, and Urak Lawoi' ราดารา (radara).

bor

young, unmarried lady; maiden (especially one that has passed puberty)


dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

(by extension) virgin; chaste (of a woman)


dikta

Borrowed from Spanish dictar, from Latin dictāre.


dalaw

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálaw. Compare dalo and Kapampangan dalo.

(by extension) visit of a suitor (usually male)

(by extension) suitor paying a visit (usually male)


buto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butəqul with elision of /l/.


buto

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *butuq (cf. Bikol Central buto (“penis”), Cebuano buto (“testicle”), Hiligaynon buto (“penis”), Ilocano buto (“penis”), and Kapampangan butu (“penis”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (Malagasy voto (“penis”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq (cf. Saisiyat bosoe' (“testicle”)).


diskusyon

tl-noun

diskusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

diskusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discusión, from Latin discussiō.


dokumento

dokumento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish documento (“document”).


dulog

appearance before a person in authority (to complain or to seek help)


embahador

tl-noun

embahadór (feminine embahadora, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

embahadór (canonical)
embahadora (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


diskurso

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discurso, from Latin discursus.


eskandalo

eskándaló (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish escándalo (“scandal”).


esensya

[ʔɛˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of esensiya.


eskoba

a species of undershrub (half a meter high, used for rheumatism and insect bites)


eleksyon

tl-noun

eleksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eleksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of eleksiyon.


duyog

Compare Aklanon duyog (“sleepy; cannot keep one's eyes open”).


doktrina

Borrowed from Spanish doctrina (“doctrine”).


dyanitor

dyánitór (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd͡ʒaː.n̪ɪˈt̪oɾ]


duyong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ (“sea cow; dugong”). Doublet of dugong. Compare Ivatan ruyung, Ibatan royong, Ilocano luy-ong, Cebuano dugong, and Malay duyong.


ehemplo

Borrowed from Spanish ejemplo, from Old Spanish exemplo, enxemplo, enxiemplo, from Latin exemplum. Doublet of eksampol and sampol.


duyan

From Proto-Philippine *dúyan. See also Ilocano indayon.


eklipse

Borrowed from Spanish eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “absence, abandoning”).


ehersisyo

tl-noun

ehersisyo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ejercicio, from Latin exercitium.


elektrisidad

elektrisidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

elektrisidád (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


dumugo

tl-verb

dumugô (complete dumugo, progressive dumudugo, contemplative dudugo, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ)

dumugô (canonical)
dumugo (completive)
dumudugo (progressive)
dudugo (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
dugo (root)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (root)
actor (focus)
kadudugo (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ (completive formal past past-recent)
dumugo (formal imperative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (formal imperative)
dugo (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (formal imperative)
kakadugo (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜇᜓᜄᜓ (completive informal past past-recent)
dumugo (imperative informal)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (imperative informal)
dugo (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

dumugo

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ
dungmugo¹
ᜇᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜄᜓ

dumudugo
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
dungmudugo¹
 ᜇᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
nadugo²
ᜈ ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

dudugo
 ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
madugo²
ᜋ ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ
dugo²
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.

[d̪ʊ.mʊˈɣoʔ]


dulot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dúlut.
Compare Cebuano dulot and Hiligaynon dulot.

presenting; offering (of a gift to someone)


edukasyon

tl-noun

edukasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

edukasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛ.d̪ʊ.xɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish educación, from Latin ēducātiō.

knowledge; ability (learned from schooling)


dumukot

tl-verb

dumukot (complete dumukot, progressive dumurukot, contemplative durukot, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔)

dumukot (completive)
dumurukot (progressive)
durukot (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
dukot (root)
dumukot (infinitive root trigger-actor)
dumukot (completive root trigger-actor)
dumudukot (progressive trigger-actor)
nadukot (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
dudukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
madukot (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kadudukot (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
dukutin (infinitive root trigger-object)
dinukot (completive root trigger-object)
dinudukot (progressive trigger-object)
inadukot (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
dudukutin (contemplative trigger-object)
adukutin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
dukutan (directional infinitive root)
dinukutan (completive directional root)
dinudukutan (directional progressive)
inadukutan (dialectal directional progressive)
dudukutan (contemplative directional)
adukutan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagdukutan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagdukutan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagdudukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagdudukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
idukot (benefactive infinitive root)
idinukot (benefactive completive root)
idinudukot (benefactive progressive)
idudukot (benefactive contemplative)
ipandukot (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinandukot (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapandukot (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapandukot (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikadukot (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinadukot (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinadudukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
ikadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
idukot (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
idinukot (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
idinudukot (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
idudukot (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
idukot (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
idinukot (completive root trigger-measurement)
idinudukot (progressive trigger-measurement)
idudukot (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapadudukot (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
padukutin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinadukot (actor-secondary completive)
pinadudukot (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapadukot (actor-secondary progressive)
padudukutin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papadukutin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipadukot (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinadukot (completive trigger-object)
ipinadudukot (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapadukot (progressive trigger-object)
ipadudukot (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
padukutan (directional infinitive)
pinadukutan (completive directional)
pinapadukutan (directional progressive)
pinadudukutan (directional progressive)
papadukutan (contemplative directional)
padudukutan (contemplative directional)
ipagpadukot (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpadukot (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapadukot (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapadukot (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpadukot (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpadukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpadukutan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapadudukutan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpadukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapadudukutan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpadukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagdukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagdukutan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nakadudukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
makadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
napadukot (completive trigger-actor)
napadudukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
mapadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
madukot (infinitive trigger-object)
nadukot (completive trigger-object)
nadudukot (progressive trigger-object)
madudukot (contemplative trigger-object)
madukutan (directional infinitive)
nadukutan (completive directional)
nadudukutan (directional progressive)
madudukutan (contemplative directional)
maidukot (benefactive infinitive)
naidukot (benefactive completive)
naidudukot (benefactive progressive)
maidudukot (benefactive contemplative)
maikadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikadukot (completive trigger-causative)
naikadudukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naikadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
maidukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naidukot (completive trigger-causative)
naidudukot (progressive trigger-causative)
maidudukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagdukotan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagdukotan (completive trigger-locative)
napagdudukotan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagdukotan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagdudukotan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagdukotan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadukot (actor-secondary infinitive)
napadukot (actor-secondary completive)
napadudukot (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapadukot (actor-secondary progressive)
mapadudukot (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapadukot (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipadukot (infinitive trigger-object)
naipadukot (completive trigger-object)
naipadudukot (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapadukot (progressive trigger-object)
naiipadukot (progressive trigger-object)
maipadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
mapadukutan (directional infinitive)
napadukutan (completive directional)
napadudukutan (directional formal progressive)
napapadukutan (directional progressive)
mapadudukutan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapadukutan (contemplative directional)
maipagpadukot (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpadukot (benefactive completive)
naipagpapadukot (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapadukot (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpadukot (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpadukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpadukutan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapadudukutan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpadukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapadudukutan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpadukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagdukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagdukutan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makidukot (direct infinitive)
nakidukot (completive direct)
nakikidukot (direct progressive)
makikidukot (contemplative direct)
makipagpadukot (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpadukot (completive indirect)
nakikipagpadukot (indirect progressive)
makikipagpadukot (contemplative indirect)


dumaan

dumaán (complete dumaan, progressive dumaraan, contemplative daraan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜀᜈ᜔)

dumaán (canonical)
dumaan (completive)
dumaraan (progressive)
daraan (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
daan (root)
dumaan (infinitive root trigger-actor)
dumaan (completive root trigger-actor)
dumadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
nadaan (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
dadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
madaan (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kadadaan (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
daanin (infinitive root trigger-object)
dinaan (completive root trigger-object)
dinadaan (progressive trigger-object)
inadaan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
dadaanin (contemplative trigger-object)
adaanin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
daanan (directional infinitive root)
dinaanan (completive directional root)
dinadaanan (directional progressive)
inadaanan (dialectal directional progressive)
dadaanan (contemplative directional)
adaanan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagdaanan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagdaanan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagdadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagdadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
idaan (benefactive infinitive root)
idinaan (benefactive completive root)
idinadaan (benefactive progressive)
idadaan (benefactive contemplative)
ipandaan (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinandaan (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapandaan (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapandaan (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikadaan (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinadaan (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinadadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
ikadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
idaan (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
idinaan (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
idinadaan (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
idadaan (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
idaan (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
idinaan (completive root trigger-measurement)
idinadaan (progressive trigger-measurement)
idadaan (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapadadaan (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
padaanin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinadaan (actor-secondary completive)
pinadadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
padadaanin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papadaanin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipadaan (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinadaan (completive trigger-object)
ipinadadaan (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapadaan (progressive trigger-object)
ipadadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
padaanan (directional infinitive)
pinadaanan (completive directional)
pinapadaanan (directional progressive)
pinadadaanan (directional progressive)
papadaanan (contemplative directional)
padadaanan (contemplative directional)
ipagpadaan (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpadaan (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapadaan (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapadaan (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpadaan (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpadaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpadaanan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapadadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapadadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nakadadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
makadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
napadaan (completive trigger-actor)
napadadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
mapadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
madaan (infinitive trigger-object)
nadaan (completive trigger-object)
nadadaan (progressive trigger-object)
madadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
madaanan (directional infinitive)
nadaanan (completive directional)
nadadaanan (directional progressive)
madadaanan (contemplative directional)
maidaan (benefactive infinitive)
naidaan (benefactive completive)
naidadaan (benefactive progressive)
maidadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maikadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikadaan (completive trigger-causative)
naikadadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naikadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
maidaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naidaan (completive trigger-causative)
naidadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
maidadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napagdadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagdadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadaan (actor-secondary infinitive)
napadaan (actor-secondary completive)
napadadaan (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
mapadadaan (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapadaan (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipadaan (infinitive trigger-object)
naipadaan (completive trigger-object)
naipadadaan (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapadaan (progressive trigger-object)
naiipadaan (progressive trigger-object)
maipadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
mapadaanan (directional infinitive)
napadaanan (completive directional)
napadadaanan (directional formal progressive)
napapadaanan (directional progressive)
mapadadaanan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapadaanan (contemplative directional)
maipagpadaan (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpadaan (benefactive completive)
naipagpapadaan (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapadaan (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpadaan (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpadaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpadaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapadadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapadadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makidaan (direct infinitive)
nakidaan (completive direct)
nakikidaan (direct progressive)
makikidaan (contemplative direct)
makipagpadaan (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpadaan (completive indirect)
nakikipagpadaan (indirect progressive)
makikipagpadaan (contemplative indirect)

[d̪ʊˈmaː.ʔɐn̪]

Dumaan lang 'yung kotse.

Dumaan ako sa inyo pero wala ka.

I dropped by on Thursday, but you were out.

to drop by; to drop in (for a short visit)


dulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dulaŋ (“tray or low table”). Compare Cebuano dulang (“washbowl”) and Malay dulang (“tray”).

inh

low dining table (usually made of mahogany or narra)


elepante

(figurative, derogatory) big, lazy fellow


dula

dulâ (canonical)
dulà (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *dúlaʔ (“to play; amuse oneself”). Compare Cebuano dula, Kamayo duwa, and Malagasy dôla. The sense “drama” was introduced in the early 20th century.


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Kapampangan dala, Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tausug dā, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

(figurative) brought about; caused (by something aforementioned)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dala

Borrowed from Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zəʀa.

wary; scared off; cautious (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


eskultor

tl-noun

eskultór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

eskultór (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


estudyante

estudyante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛs.t̪ʊˈd͡ʒan̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʊˈd͡ʒan̪.t̪ɛ]


Espiritu Santo

tl-proper noun

Espíritú Santo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

Espíritú Santo (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Espíritu Santo (“Holy Spirit”), from Latin Spīritus Sānctus (“Holy Spirit”), calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion, literally “Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit”).

der

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον


gab-i

tlb

(now dialectal, Rizal, Southern Tagalog)