kelot

Blend of lalaki + English cat; lalaki being shortened to laki and into kela (back slang).

blend

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cat</i>


lakan

Compare Javanese ꦫꦏ (raka) and Malay laki.

(historical) lakan (title of nobility or ruler of polities in the precolonial Philippines)

Filipino martial arts
w:Filipino martial arts

(martial arts) black belt (in Filipino martial arts)


lukot

crumpled; rumpled; with creases or wrinkles


lukot

a species of small honeybee that makes bitterish honey


integridad

tl-noun

integridád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

integridád (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɡ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


asamblea

Borrowed from Spanish asamblea (“assembly”), from French assemblée.


tubos

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus. Compare Ilocano subbot, Kapampangan atbus, Cebuano tubos, Malay tebus, and Toba Batak tobus.

ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)

redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)


alpaka

Borrowed from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.


nino

tl-pron

nino (plural nino-nino, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜈᜓ)

Bahay nino ito?


korona

Borrowed from Spanish corona, from Old Spanish corona, from Latin corōna (“crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”).


aerostatika

tl-noun

aerostátiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜒᜃ)

aerostátiká (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


paalam

Hanggang sa muli, paalam!


paalam

tl-verb

paalam (complete pinaalam, progressive pinapaalam, contemplative papaalam, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

pinaalam (completive)
pinapaalam (progressive)
papaalam (contemplative)
ᜉᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

(informal) Nonstandard form of ipaalam: to get (something) approved


paalam

paalám (complete pinaalam, progressive pinapaalam, contemplative papaalam, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

paalám (canonical)
pinaalam (completive)
pinapaalam (progressive)
papaalam (contemplative)
ᜉᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

(informal) Nonstandard form of ipaalam: to notify about; to let be known


aranya

tl-noun

aranyá or aranya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜈ᜔ᜌ)

aranyá (canonical)
aranya (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɾɐn̪ˈja]

[ʔɐˈɾan̪.jɐ]

From Spanish araña de luces (“chandelier”) or Spanish araña (“spider”). Doublet of aranyas.


muhi

Borrowed from Sanskrit मोह (moha, “delusion”). Compare Kapampangan mua.

bor+

intense feeling of annoyance, dislike, or disgust, bordering on hate


muhi

intensely annoyed or disgusted; having an extreme feeling of dislike, almost bordering on hate


absurdo

Borrowed from Spanish absurdo, from Latin absurdus.


kilogramo

tl-noun

kilogramo or kilógramó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ)

kilogramo (canonical)
kilógramó (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish kilogramo, from French kilogramme, from kilo- (“1000”) + gramme (“gram”).

isang kilogramong bigas


perimetro

perimetro or perímetró (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

perimetro (canonical)
perímetró (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[pɛ.ɾɪˈmɛː.t̪ɾo]

[pɛˌɾiː.mɛˈt̪ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish perímetro, from Latin perimetros, from Ancient Greek περίμετρος (perímetros).

Sa loob ng perimetro ng Sta. Vida ay maluwag na nakahinga si Juano.

Juano breathed more freely inside the perimeter of Sta. Vida.


kirot

sharp or stinging pain (of wounds, cuts, etc.)


antraks

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ántrax, from Latin anthrax, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax).


aperkat

[ˌʔaː.pɛɾˈkat̪̚]


doon

The latter half of the word is possibly related to iyon or yaon. See also niyon/noon, ganoon/gayon, dito, diyan, niyan, nito, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns. Meanwhile, the former half is possibly related to Malay di and Indonesian di as a likely cognate.

yonder; there (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


kada

Borrowed from Spanish cada, from Latin cata, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá).


simpatia

simpatia or simpatiá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜆᜒᜌ)

simpatia (canonical)
simpatiá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜆᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


laon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laun.


laon

old; antiquated; antique (especially of vintage wine or rice from a previous year's harvest)


bilis

Compare Kapampangan bilis. See also Spanish veloz.

(grammar) ultimate syllabic stress (without a glottal ending)


tapon

wasted material; anything thrown away or wasted

act of spilling (of liquid in a container)


tapon

wasteful, fond of wasting materials (of a person)


tapon

Borrowed from Spanish tapón, from tapa + -ón.


balde

tl-noun

baldé or balde (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ)

baldé (canonical)
balde (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)


gatas

→ Kapampangan: gatas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas. Compare Nias ota (“udder”).

(slang, figurative) act of exploiting someone or something (especially to get money)


gatos

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatus, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀaCus. Compare Kapampangan gatus (“hundred thousand”), Cebuano gatos (“hundred”), and Malay ratus (“hundred”).


soberano

soberano (feminine soberana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜊᜒᜇᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish soberano, ultimately from Latin super. Doublet of soprano.


Gerda

Borrowed from English Gerda, from Old Norse Gerðr.


sapa

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq (“stream; river”).


probabilidad

tl-noun

probabilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

probabilidád (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


taho

tahô (canonical)
tahó (canonical)
ᜆᜑᜓ (Baybayin)

→ Spanish: tajú

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu; bean curd”). See also Hokkien 豆腐花 (tāu-hū-hoa/tāu-hū-hoe, “douhua; tofu pudding”), which taho might simply be short for.

cog

taho (Philippine snack made of fresh soft tofu, syrup, and sago pearls)


taho

comprehension; knowledge gained from contemplation


tiket

Para mabili ang tiket niya C. i. Sina Antonia at Aurora 2. Noong Linggo 3. Petsa otso 4 Si Antonia 5. Idinuldol sa kanilang mukha ang tiket 6. May tationg otso 7. Kasi, petsa otso ang kaarawan ni Antonia 8. Para matuto ng liksiyon ang mamang ...

1965, Philippine Center for Language Study, Jean Donald Bowen, Beginning Tagalog: A Course for Speakers of English, Univ of California Press, page 501:

Sasakay siya sa Pasay Bus Terminal. Bababa siya sa Crossing ng U.P. Los Baños. Halimbawa 2 Bibili ako ng tiket papuntang Bohol. Alas-dos ng hapon ang alis ng eroplano. Alas-tres ang dating sa Bohol. Dalawang libong piso ang tiket.

2014, Joi Barrios, Tagalog for Beginners: An Introduction to Filipino, the National Language of the Philippines (Downloadable MP3 Audio Included), Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:

YOU : Bakit po mahal ang tiket? TICKET AGENT : . Situation 2 You are buying five bus tickets for a trip with your friends to go north to Banuae. You want to take the very last bus. The bus leaves at 11:45 in the evening. The fare is usually two ...

2015, Joi Barrios, Julia Camagong, Easy Tagalog: Learn to Speak Tagalog Quickly (Downloadable CD-ROM), Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN, page 222:

ticket (pass entitling the holder to admission or boarding)

ticket (list of candidates for an election)

ticket (citation for a violation, especially in traffic)


polot

ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
polót (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Obsolete spelling of pulot (“act of picking up something from the floor”).


babat

daring man (man that does not back down)


bingot

notch or dent, as on the rim of earthenware and glassware


bingot

notched or dented, as on the rim of earthenware and glassware


buking

(colloquial) busted; found out; revealed (of something that someone wants hidden)


submarino

Borrowed from Spanish submarino (“submarine”).

bor+

Ang submarino ay isang sasakyang ginagamit sa ilalim ng dagat.

2007, Kasiya-siyang Pagbasa N' 2007 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 117:

A submarine is a vehicle that is used underwater.


karisma

Borrowed from Spanish carisma, from Late Latin charisma, from Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma).


abot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qábut. Compare Aklanon abot, Bikol Central abot, Casiguran Dumagat Agta abut, Ilocano ma-abut, Mansaka abot, and Kapampangan abut.

Abot mo ba ang tinuro ng guro kanina?

Is what the teacher taught a while ago graspable to you?

(figurative) comprehensible; graspable; understandable (of something hard to understand)


abot

Abot ito ni Lola para sa amin.

This is a hand-me-down from Grandmother for us.


basurero

tl-noun

basurero (feminine basurera, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜐᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

[bɐ.sʊˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish basurero. By surface analysis, basura + -ero.


kaalit

[kɐˈʔaː.lɪt̪̚]


alitan

[ʔɐˈliː.t̪ɐn̪]


serenata

[sɛ.ɾɛˈn̪aː.t̪ɐ]


ahon

From Proto-Central Philippine *háʔun (“take from the fire”) with metathesis. Compare Ilocano aon, Bikol Central haon, Cebuano haon, and Tausug hawn. See also hain.

getting out from the water (after a bath, swim, etc.)

disembarkation; landing (as from a ship)

travel to the town or city (from a smaller village)

removal of food after cooking (from a stove, fire, etc.)

return trip from a water source (after fishing, washing clothes, etc.)

(figurative) relief; redemption (from hardship, misery, sin, etc.)


pugo

From Proto-Philippine *puʀuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *puʀuq. Compare Malay puyuh.


tino

sensibleness; intelligence; reasonableness; moral integrity; good sense of judgement


Luksemburgo

tl-proper noun

Luksemburgo (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜓ)

ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Luxemburgo (“Luxembourg”).

bor+

Ang mga bansang naunang lumagda sa kasunduang ito ay ang Estados Unidos, Kanada, Inglatera, Pransiya, Olanda, Belhika, Norwega, Luksemburgo, Italya, Dinamarka, Islandiya at Portugal.

1949, Sa kapakanaan ng kapayapaan at kaunlarang pandaigdig:

Luxembourg (a country in Central Europe)

Luxembourg (the capital city of Luxembourg)

Luxembourg (a province of Wallonia, Belgium)


lola

tl-noun

lola (masculine lolo, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜎ)

Possibly a colloquial clipping of Spanish abuela (“grandmother”), or the female equivalent of lolo (“grandfather”) influenced by Spanish grammatical gender logic. See also lelang, lelong, ninang, ninong, manang, manong, etc. Compare Aragonese lola.

femeq

Masaya ang lola kahapon dahil dumating ang lolo.

Grandmother was happy yesterday because Grandfather came.

(colloquial) term of address for an old woman


lola

Obsolete spelling of lula (“diziness; seasickness; acrophobia”).


Aquiles

Borrowed from Spanish Aquiles, from Latin Achillēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).


Kosta Rika

tl-proper noun

Kostá Rika (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜇᜒᜃ)

Kostá Rika (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜇᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


karakter

tl-noun

karakter or káraktér or karaktér (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

karakter (canonical)
káraktér (canonical)
karaktér (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌkaː.ɾɐkˈt̪ɛɾ]

[kɐ.ɾɐkˈt̪ɛɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish carácter, from Latin character. Sense 4, semantic loan from English character.

character (traits marking a person or group)


saba

From Proto-Philippine *sabʔa (“banana”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabəqa (“cooking banana”). Compare Ilocano saba, Pangasinan seba, Kapampangan saba, Hanunoo sab-a, Bikol Central sa-ba, and Cebuano sab-a.

inh

May binebentang saba si Aling Conching.
Miss Conching sells some saba bananas.

saba banana (a Philippine cultivar of banana)


helikoptero

tl-noun

helikópteró (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

helikópteró (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish helicóptero, perhaps with influence from English helicopter.


dede

dede (canonical)
dedè (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˈd̪ɛː.d̪ɛʔ]

feeding of milk from the breast or a baby bottle (of a baby)


hin-

alternative form of hing-, if the stem starts with the letter ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩.


tamo

Borrowed from Malay temu, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”).

der

act of acquiring (of a prize, honor, etc.)


tamo

tamó (canonical)
tamo (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

From univerbation of kita (“see; look”) + mo (“you”).

univ

Tamo 'to dali!

Tamo ang sira-ulong 'to.

(You) come get a load of this dumbass over here.

Nasira ang buhay niya dahil sa bisyo, tamo?

His life got ruined due to vices, do you see?


tamo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Kapampangan tamu and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

inh

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria, a type of plant with yellow root used for shaving)


putsa

[ˈpuː.t͡ʃɐʔ]

(vulgar, derogatory) Said in anger or annoyance: fuck; damn


putsa

[ˈpuː.t͡ʃɐʔ]

(vulgar, derogatory) Term of abuse: cunt


kanser

Borrowed from Spanish cáncer, from Latin cancer (“crab”).


matematiko

matemátikó (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜒᜋᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


panadero

[pɐ.n̪ɐˈd̪ɛː.ɾo]


resina

[ɾɛˈsiː.n̪ɐ]


gasino

somebody (of an unnamed person of importance)


teka

From a univerbation of hintay (“wait”) + ka (“you”) with monophthongization. See also hingka.

univ

Teka muna.

Teka lang.

Teka, ano 'yan?


abundante

tl-adj

abundante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abundante. Compare Cebuano abunda and Hiligaynon abunda.


gasa

Borrowed from Spanish gasa, from Arabic قَزّ (qazz).


raanan

[ɾɐˈʔaː.n̪ɐn̪]


harana

[hɐˈɾaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish jarana (“merry-making”).

bor+

harana; serenade (especially in which young men may formally meet single lady visitors)


kanina

From earlier variant kangina, from Southern Proto-Philippine *kaina. Compare Masbatenyo kanina/kaganina, Agutaynen nongayna, Hiligaynon kaina, Cebuano ganiha/ganina, Waray-Waray kanina, Tausug kaina, and Tboli ginu.


mamaw

Cognate with Cebuano mamaw (“monster; devil; demon”) and Hiligaynon mamaw (“Elf, goblin, sprite, fairy, ghost, etc.”). Possibly related to Tagalog halimaw, which is from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-mauŋ.

cog

Mamaw si Bryan, dahil marunong siya ng hindi kumulang sa limang wika.

Bryan is a monster/brilliant, since he knows no less than five languages.

(colloquial) very talented or intelligent person


panggang

From Proto-Philippine *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).


sama-sama

Reduplication of sama (“join; accompany”).


lekat

[ˈlɛː.xɐt̪̚]

Unknown. See also likat (“interruption”) and Kapampangan lekat (“sticky”).

an exclamation of displeasure or disappointment: damn!


lekat

[ˈlɛː.xɐt̪̚]

Ayoko makita ang lekat na batang iyan!

indicating displeasure or disappointment towards someone or something: damn


lipat

transfer; moving (from one place to another)


korte

court (collective body of persons forming the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority)


asada

[ʔɐˈsaː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish azada (“hoe”), from Old Spanish açada, from Vulgar Latin *asciāta, from Latin ascia.


esperma

[ʔɛsˈpɛɾ.mɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish esperma de ballena (“spermaceti”).


asado

Borrowed from Spanish asado. Doublet of inasal.

Philippine asado (meat braised in soy sauce, bay leaves, peppercorns, calamansi, onions, and vegetables)

char siu (especially the Philippine variety)


asado

oven-roasted (of meat, especially with condiments)


Isko

a diminutive of the male given name Francisco


bakit

From bakin + at. Compare Kapampangan obakit.


guwapo

tl-adj

guwapo (feminine guwapa, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜉᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish guapo (“handsome”).


Regidor

[ɾɛ.hɪˈd̪oɾ]


malas

From a clipping of Spanish mala suerte (“bad luck”). Compare Ilocano malas, Kapampangan dimalas, Bikol Central demalas, Cebuano demalas, and Hiligaynon dimalas.


isda

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sidáq, *sədaq. Compare Ilocano sida, Asi isra, Bikol Central sira, Cebuano isda, Hiligaynon isda, Waray-Waray isda, Maranao seda', Higaonon suda, and Tausug ista'.


hangos

Ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋos (cf. Cebuano hangos).


hangos

tl-adj

hangós or hangos (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜅᜓᜐ᜔)

hangós (canonical)
hangos (canonical)
ᜑᜅᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


sayang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”). Compare Bikol Central sayang, Kapampangan sayang, and Malay sayang.

inh

waste; wasting (of a resource, talent, etc.)

waste of an opportunity; failure to take advantage

gradual loss, decrease, or destruction by decay, etc.


sayang

tl-adj

sayang or sayáng (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜌᜅ᜔)

sayang (canonical)
sayáng (canonical)
ᜐᜌᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


belo

Borrowed from Spanish velo, from Old Spanish velo, from Latin vēlum.


admirador

tl-noun

admiradór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

admiradór (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish admirador, from Latin admīrātor.


werpa

Backslang formed from the initial and final syllables of Philippine English power (“cheer used to express support”), as in the English phrase, “More Power to you!!”

der

a cheer used to express support or motivation, especially at a sports event


sipi

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈsipiʔ/ [ˈsiː.pɪʔ]
* Rhymes: -ipiʔ
* Syllabification: si‧pi

tl-pr

act of copying or reproducing (from an original)

Hindi na inililimbag ang unang sipi ng magasin.

The first issue of the magazine is already out-of-print.

(obsolete) small bunch of various types of flowers

(obsolete) act of treating a person as a family member (despite not being one)


sipi

sipî (canonical)
sipì (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Austronesian *səpiq (“break off fruit or branches”). Compare Kapampangan aspi, Bikol Central sapi, Maranao sepi', and Western Bukidnon Manobo sepi'.

inh

act of tearing or breaking with one's fingernails, fingers, or hand (of twigs, small branches, sprouts, shoots, etc.)


sipi

broken off or torn with one's fingernails, fingers, or hand (of twigs, small branches, sprouts, shoots, etc.)


papeles

Borrowed from Spanish papeles (“papers”).


sungka

tl-noun

sungkâ or sungka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜃ)

sungkâ (canonical)
sungka (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)

Possibly borrowed from Malay congkak (“mancala game”), from congak (“mental calculation”). Compare Bikol Central sungka, Cebuano sungka, and Tausug sungka'.

(board games) sungka; congkak (especially the Philippine variety)


labas

Pumunta siya sa labas.


labas

coming out; appearance (from being inside or in hiding)

coming out; leaving (of one's school or work)

showing (of a play, film, or television program)


espiritu

espíritú (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛsˌpiː.ɾɪˈt̪u]

Borrowed from Spanish espíritu, from Latin spiritus.


miligramo

Borrowed from Spanish miligramo, from French milligramme, from milli- (“1/1000”) + gramme (“gram”).


gramo

Borrowed from Spanish gramo, from French gramme.


iba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibah (“companion, close relative, other one”), from Proto-Austronesian *ibaS (“companion, close relative, other one”).


iba

Otaheite gooseberry; Phyllanthus acidus (tree and fruit)


iba

From Proto-Southern Philippine *íbaʔ (“tree with sour fruit”). Compare Bikol Central iba and Cebuano iba.


epal

fond of drawing attention or butting in (of a person)


taos

penetrating to the bottom or from one side to another

(by extension) sincere; genuine; true; heartfelt


taos

(by extension) sincerely; genuinely; truly


taos

condition of penetrating to the bottom or from one side to another


bintang

accusation; imputation (usually a false accusation)


-ero

tl-noun

-ero (noun-forming suffix, feminine -era, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇᜓ)

babae (“woman”) + -ero → babaero (“womanizer”)

gitara (“guitar”) + -ero → gitarero (“guitarist”)

musika (“music”) + -ero → musikero (“musician”)

sabong (“cockfight”) + -ero → sabongero (“cockfighter”)

salamangka (“magic”) + -ero → salamangkero (“magician”)

tambol (“drum”) + -ero → tambolero (“drummer”)

tinda (“goods for sale”) + -ero → tindero (“vendor”)

tubo (“pipe”) + -ero → tubero (“plumber”)

forms occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


-ano

-ano (noun-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈᜓ)

probinsiya (“province”) + -ano → probinsiyano (“provincial”)

Korea (“Korea”) + -ano → Koreano (“Korean”)

Amerika (“America”) + -ano → Amerikano (“American”)

Italya (“Italy”) + -ano → Italyano (“Italian”)

Mehiko (“Mexico”) + -ano → Mehikano (“Mexican”)

Cebu (“Cebu”) + -ano → Cebuano (“person from Cebu”)

Bohol (“Bohol”) + -ano → Boholano (“person from Bohol”)

Bikol (“Bicol”) + -ano → Bikolano (“person from Bikol region”)

Iloko (“Ilocos language”) + -ano → Ilokano (“person from Ilocos region”)

Demonym suffix, forms nouns and adjectives indicating or describing that one comes from, belongs to, is related to, or is like those from what the root specifies


meteoro

Borrowed from Spanish meteoro, from Medieval Latin meteōrum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros, “lofty”).


dugo

From Proto-Philippine *Duʀuq, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“juice; sap”). Compare Camarines Norte Agta digî, Cebuano dugo, Mansaka dogo, Maranao rogo', and Malay juruh.


lula

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोल (lola, “unsteady, restless”).

bor+

... ng anim- anim na katulong? Pure disyerto at langis lang ang Saudi, lahat ng bagay iniimport, amoy kambing ang mga tao, pero kayayabang ng mga lintik. Nawala ang mga ulap, nangasul ang kalawakan. Bigla siyang nakaramdam ng lula.

4 Biglang sinapian ng lula ang mga uwak. Walang-hanggan silang nangalalaglag. Hindi masasaklaw ng kuwadro ang lawak ng taniman. Ngunit makukutuban ang panginginig ng mga uhay. Inaakalang anumang padapo, pasalakay.

2007, Latay sa isipan: mga bagong tulang Filipino, →ISBN:


sikat

From Proto-Philippine *sikat (“sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc.”).

inh

rise; rising (on the sky of the sun, moon, stars, etc.)

(figurative) rise to popularity; becoming popular


sikat

(figurative) famous; popular; well-known


kambing

From Proto-Philippine *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, *kandiŋ. Compare Acehnese kamèng, Bikol Central kanding, Cebuano kanding, Karao kanching, Malay kambing, Tausug kambing, and Yami kagling.


namin

kamag-anak namin


tamales

Borrowed from Spanish tamales, plural of tamal (“tamale”).


embalsamador

tl-noun

embalsamadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

embalsamadór (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


sapin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapin. Compare Cebuano hapin.


baling

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ (“bent, twisted”).

inh

turning of one's attention to another thing


Rafael

Borrowed from Spanish Rafael, from Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl).

der

Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl)


bagnet

[bɐɡˈn̪ɛt̪̚]

bagnet (Filipino dish of pork belly boiled and deep fried until crispy)


Dominika

tl-proper noun

Dominika or Domíniká (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜒᜃ)

Dominika (canonical)
Domíniká (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


taba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabəq. Compare Bikol Central taba.


siid

(fishing) small, low heart-shaped potlike non-return trap made of bamboo matting (used chiefly for catching catfish)


aleluya

Borrowed from Spanish aleluya, from Latin aleluia, from Hebrew הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh).


kudeta

Borrowed from English coup d'état, from French coup d’État.

ESTADOS UNlDOS, NABAHALA SA KUDETA Nabahala ang gobyernong Amerikano hinggil sa ulat na maglulunsad ang militar ng kudeta laban kay Pangulong Estrada sa gitna ng pagsisimula ng impeachment trial.

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta:

... kumander ng BHB na si Dante. Welgang bayan sa buong bansa tungkol sa pagtataas ng presyo ng langis; welga ng mga manggagawa sa buong bansa para sa minimum na umento sa sahod. Pinakamadugong tangka ng kudeta laban kay ...

1994, Jose Maria Sison, Rebolusyong Pilipino: tanaw mula sa loob, →ISBN:

Dagdag pa rito ang mga kudeta at oil crisis.

2017, Norbert Mercado, After The Summer Rain, Norbert Mercado Novels:


anemometro

tl-noun

anemometro (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


Bernardo

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Bernard

a surname from Spanish, notably of Bernardo Bernardo (1945–2018) and Kathryn Bernardo (1996–)


bahay

Elision of /l/ from *balay, from Proto-Central Philippine *balay, from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay. Cognate with Kapampangan bale, Asi bayay, Cebuano bay / balay, Hiligaynon balay, Mansaka baray, Tausug bāy, Malay balai, Maori whare, Hawaiian hale, Rukai balriw, Palauan bai, and Yami vahay.

Naghahanap sila ngayon ng mapagtatayuan ng magarang bahay.

They are now looking for a place on which to build an elegant house.

Bahay-pamahalaan ng Infanta, Quezon.
Infanta, Quezon administrative building.

(card games) card set; meld (in the tong-its game)

(board games) smaller holes of a congkak board


ilong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ujuŋ. See also reconstructed doublets Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə(ŋ)juŋ and *ujuŋ. Compare Ilocano agong, Isnag ixong, Ibanag igung, Yogad igung, Sambali a-long, Kapampangan arung, Remontado Agta a-dung, Alangan urong, Cuyunon irong, West Albay Bikol urong, Bikol Central dungo, Cebuano ilong, Waray-Waray irong, Maranao ngirong, Western Bukidnon Manobo izung, Maguindanao ngirung, West Coast Bajau urung, Acehnese idông, Malay hidung, Malagasy orona, Maori ihu, and Hawaiian ihu.


komunista

Borrowed from Spanish comunista (“communist”).


komunista

Ang Biyetnam at Kuba ay mga halimbawa ng mga lipunang komunista.

Vietnam and Cuba are examples of communist societies.

communist (advocating, supporting or relating to communism)


halak

raspy, gargling, or raucous sound of the voice due to catarrh or a cold


buro

Borrowed from Malay budu. Compare Cebuano buro, Hiligaynon buro, Ilocano buro, Kapampangan buru, and Indonesian budu.

pickling (with salt or brine, usually done with fish, meat, or shrimp with rice)

anything that lingers in one place or state


buro

a type of white worm that feeds on wounds, or lives in the intestines of humans or fish


buro

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English as a semantic loan from English bureau, influenced in spelling by Spanish buró. Compare Cebuano buro.


kabayo

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish caballo (then spelled as cavallo), from Late Latin caballus. Doublet of kabalyo. During time of borrowing, Spanish ⟨ll⟩ (/ʝ/) still corresponds to Tagalog /j/, as per yeísmo. Compare Cebuano kabayo and Ilocano kabalio.


estandarte

tl-noun

estandarte (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛs.t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aɾ.t̪ɛ]


ganto

Syncopic form of ganito. See more at ganito.


angis

repulsive odor of excreta or putrified food


humina

tl-verb

huminà (complete humina, progressive humihina, contemplative hihina, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ)

huminà (canonical)
humina (completive)
humihina (progressive)
hihina (contemplative)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
hina (root)
ᜑᜒᜈ (root)
actor (focus)
kahihina (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜑᜒᜑᜒᜈ (completive formal past past-recent)
humina (formal imperative)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (formal imperative)
hina (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜑᜒᜈ (formal imperative)
kakahina (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜑᜒᜈ (completive informal past past-recent)
humina (imperative informal)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (imperative informal)
hina (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜑᜒᜈ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

humina

humihina
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜑᜒᜈ
hungmihina¹
 ᜑᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜑᜒᜈ
nahina²
ᜈ ᜑᜒᜈ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.

to weaken (of power, body, blow, medicine, etc.)

to soften; to become low (of sound, voice, etc.)


tiis

endurance; bearing; toleration (of pain, hardship, etc.)


pulpito

Borrowed from Spanish púlpito, from Latin pulpitum.


akordeon

tl-noun

akordeón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akordeón (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acordeón, from German Akkordeon.


Rusya

Borrowed from Spanish Rusia (“Russia”), from Medieval Latin Russia, from Russī (“Russians”), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


GRO

⇒? English: girl rented overnight

[d͡ʒɪ ʔɐɾ ʔo]

[d̪jɪ ʔɐɾ ʔo]

From English GRO, an initialism of guest relation officer.

Sa ikatlong pagkikita'y ikwinento mo ang yong girlfriend, isang GRO sa club na nagmamay-ari rin nitong pinapasukan mo, isang sugapa't suicidal na naghahandang tumungo sa Japan. Kaya isinangla mo ang lahat ng iyong alahas na ginto, ...

1999, Roland B. Tolentino, Fastfood, Megamall at Iba Pang Kwento Sa Pagsasara Ng Ikalawang Milenyum, →ISBN:

... malusog ngunit tila pinagtampuhan ng kariktan TEX, 55, laos na artista ngunit nag-iilusyong lover boy ng madlang kababaihan BRANDY, GINGER, 23-26, mga GRO rin MGA WEYTER MGA KUSTOMER (kung kinakailangan) Ang Tagpo: Sa ...

1997, Jose Y. Dalisay, Butihing babae ng Timog ; Mac Malicsi, TNT, →ISBN:

... ang identifikasyon sa uring ito) ang may angas pa sa pagbebenta ng katawan sa mababang halaga o inaakalang mababang antas ng kondisyon ng paggawa ( parlor sa mga bakla, beer house sa mga GRO, mall bikini contest sa mga expat, ...

2006, Roland B. Tolentino, Sarah S. Raymundo, Kontra-gahum: academics against political killings:

ang gaganda rin ng mga GRO, pamatay talaga, walang binatbat 'yang mga Pega -Pegasus na 'yan. Mestisa, ehinita, morena, mamili ka. Ipakikilala sana kita d'un sa naging bata ko, si Cherry, ka- mukha ni Aliee Dixson, pero matindi pala ang ...

1996, Jose Y. Dalisay, Pagsabog ng liwanag: Aninag, anino, →ISBN:

... gamit ang tingin ng isang babaeng naghahanap ng makakasama sa madaling - araw, hanggang sa abutan na ng taksi ang maliwanag na Timog, ang mga mag -syotang papasok pa lang kung saan-saang bar, ang mga GRO na makapal pa ...

2002, Victor Emmanuel Carmelo D. Nadera, Ang aklat likhaan ng tula at maikling kuwento, 1999, →ISBN:

... bakit sige pa rin sa pagbubuntis ang iskuwater para mabigyan si Mister ng anak na lalaki pagkatapos ng anim na anak na babae, kung bakit hindi naiiba ang mga GRO at kabit sa ilang mayamang Misis, kung bakit may rali, martsa, giyera.

2000, Marra PL. Lanot, Witch's dance: at iba pang tula sa Filipino at Español, →ISBN:


NG

tl-letter

NG (upper case, lower case ng, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)


NG

NG (upper case, lower case ng, Baybayin spelling ᜅ)


Guerrero

Borrowed from Spanish, literally, “warrior”.


simbolismo

tl-noun

simbolismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


maldita

tl-adj

maldita (masculine maldito, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.

2014, J. Corcinto, Teka, Wait...Di Ako Prepared, Arcenciel Publishing
Parang lahat na lang ng sinasabi niya na tatabunan nung malalalim na paghinga niya saka paghihikbi. Na imagine ko noon sa siguro maganda yung babae. Ang maldita din kasi nung matapobreng Mamma nung babae sa radyo! Oo. Mamma!

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


maldita

"Say hello to them, anak, say hello," ani Yvonne nang lumapit ang anak. "Ay walang dila." Ang bata ang inspirasyon niya sa buhay. “Nang ipanganak ko 'to'y na-meet ko si Bernal. Kaya ayan, spoiled. Maldita!"

1988, Ricardo Lee, Si tatang at mga himala ng ating panahon: koleksyon ng mga akda:

"Say hello to them", Yvonne said to her daughter. "Oh, you're shy." Her child is her inspiration. "When I gave birth to her, I met Bernal. So, she's spoiled. Spoiled brat!"

Kung hapon, habang nagluluto si Inay, mangangalumbaba ako sa aming bintana't matatanaw ko si Mayet, ang malditang si Mayet, sa pag-aabang sa kanyang ama.

2007, Fanny A. Garcia, Sandaang damit: 16 na maikling kuwento, UP Press, →ISBN:

If it's afternoon, while Mother cooks, I put my elbows on the window and I see Mayet, that spoiled brat, waiting for her father.


sinagoga

[sɪ.n̪ɐˈɣoː.ɣɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sinagoga, from Late Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly”).


Pampango

Borrowed from Spanish pampango, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -o.


Pampango

Kapampangan (a native or inhabitant of Pampanga)


komento

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English comment, from Late Latin commentum (“comment, interpretation”), from Latin commentum (“invention, fabrication”).


kait

act of denying someone someothing; act not giving something to someone


Nazaret

[n̪ɐ.zɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

[n̪ɐ.sɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Nazaret, from Latin Nazareth, from Ancient Greek Νᾱζᾰρέθ (Nāzaréth, “Nazareth”), from Aramaic נָצְרַת or Biblical Hebrew נָצְרַת (Nāzərát).

der

Aramaic נָצְרַת


kristal

kristál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cristal, from Old Spanish cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”).


baritono

tl-noun

baritono or barítonó (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ)

baritono (canonical)
barítonó (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish barítono, with an occasional stress shift to the penultimate.


antigo

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪iː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish antiguo, from Old Spanish antigo, from Latin antīquus.


tate

Alternative letter-case form of Tate (“slang: United States”)


tosino

Borrowed from Spanish tocino (“bacon”), from Medieval Latin tuccinum (lardum) (“bacon lard”), from Latin tuccētum (“pork conserved in brine”), from tucca (“liquid lard”).


abaya

abaya; aba (loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, specially worn by women)


bumerang

Borrowed from English boomerang, from Dharug bumariny.


tabak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tabak. Compare Bikol Central tabak.

cutlass; bolo (a Philippine style of machete)


senadora

[sɛ.n̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of senador: female senator


kalba

Borrowed from Spanish calva, feminine of calvo.

(uncommon) bald; bald-headed (of females)


entendido

tl-adj

entendido (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


surpresa

[sʊɾˈpɾɛː.sɐ]


kutsara

tl-noun

kutsara or kutsarà (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ)

kutsara (canonical)
kutsarà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ (Baybayin)

[kʊˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

[kʊˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐʔ]

[kʊt̪ˈsaː.ɾɐʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”), from cuchar, from Latin cochleārium.


utak

[ˈʔuː.t̪ɐk̚]

Most likely borrowed from Kapampangan utak (due to Proto-Philippine *ə becoming Tagalog *i, which would be *utik if inherited directly from Proto-Philippine), from Proto-Philippine *hutək (cf. Ibatan hotek, Ilocano utek, Pangasinan otek, Kapampangan utak, Bikol Central hutok, Cebuano utok, Tausug utuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək (cf. Malay otak).

(figuratively) intellect; mental ability; intelligence; brains


Armenya

Borrowed from Spanish Armenia (“Armenia”), from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (Armina).

bor+

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈmɛn̪.jɐ]

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Armenya

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈmɛn̪.jɐ]


Armenya

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈmɛn̪.jɐ]


tarakan

tl-verb

tarakan (complete tinarakan, progressive tinatarakan, contemplative tatarakan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜇᜃᜈ᜔)

tinarakan (completive)
tinatarakan (progressive)
tatarakan (contemplative)
ᜆᜇᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tarak (root)
tarakan (infinitive)
tinarakan (completive root)
tinatarakan (progressive root)
inatarakan (dialectal progressive root)
tatarakan (contemplative objective)
atarakan (contemplative dialectal objective)
taraki (dialectal imperative objective)

tarakan

[t̪ɐˈɾaː.xɐn̪]

to stab someone and leave it embedded in the flesh (with a knife, dagger, etc.)

to mark with a stake (of a place, position, etc.)


tarakan

a species of dwarf coconut tree (as tall as a man)


lapok

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapuk. Cognate with Malay lapuk.

inh+

decayed; rotten (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


lapok

tl-noun

lapók or lapok (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

lapók (canonical)
lapok (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

weakness due to decay (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


kamo

Univerbation of 'ka mo, with 'ka from wika.


pampers

Genericized trademark from English Pampers, by Procter & Gamble (P&G), from English pamper.


diplomata

diplómatá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜆ (Baybayin)


sauli

[sɐˈʔuː.lɪʔ]

act of returning (of something borrowed or taken)

act of placing back (of something to its former state or position)


agata

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish ágata (“agate”), from Latin achātēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs), from a river in Sicily where it was found.


bandido

bandido (feminine bandida, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish bandido, from Italian bandito.


amol

dirt; filth (on face, hand, skin, or surfaces)


Libano

Borrowed from Spanish Líbano (“Lebanon”), from Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

bor+

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


sara

Borrowed from Spanish cerrar, from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“fasten, bolt”). Compare Cebuano sira.

closing; closure (of a door, window, etc.)

adjournment; closing (of a meeting, etc.)

object used to block entry into a place or to close a passage


talaan

tl-noun

táláan or talaán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

táláan (canonical)
talaán (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪aːˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


talaan

tl-verb

talaán (complete tinalaan, progressive tinatalaan, contemplative tatalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

talaán (canonical)
tinalaan (completive)
tinatalaan (progressive)
tatalaan (contemplative)
ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tala (root)
talaan (infinitive)
tinalaan (completive root)
tinatalaan (progressive root)
inatalaan (dialectal progressive root)
tatalaan (contemplative objective)
atalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
talai (dialectal imperative objective)

talaan

[ˌt̪aːˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


handa

From Proto-Central Philippine *haNdaʔ (“ready; to prepare for”).


handa

things to be prepared (for a trip, etc.)

food served during a party, feast, banquet, etc.


tange

(slang) stupid; foolish; ignorant; slow-witted


panata

[pɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]

Possibly from Sanskrit पणता (paṇatā, “state or condition of a pledge or stake”).


Perez

Borrowed from Spanish Pérez, patronymic surname from Pedro.
The municipality in Quezon is named after Felimón Pérez, a governor of Tayabas.

a common surname from Spanish: Perez, Pérez

Perez (a municipality in eastern Quezon, Philippines, on the northwestern tip of Alabat island)

A barangay of Trece Martires, Cavite, Philippines

A barangay of Calauan, Laguna, Philippines


halas

light, itchy scratch (caused by sharp blades of grass)

hairy, powdery coverings on some grass that cause itchiness


ingreso

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾɛː.so]

Borrowed from Spanish ingreso, from Latin ingressus.

(colloquial) part or whole of the husband's salary given to the wife every payday


katalog

Borrowed from English catalog, variant of catalogue, from Middle English cathaloge, from Old French catalogue, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalogo.


gunting

Igorot
Min Chinese
Otto Dempwolff
Tang dynasty

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese, according to Blust (2010–). Compare Bikol Central gunting, Cebuano gunting, Hiligaynon gunting, Laboya gutti, and Mansaka gonting and Tausug gunting.
Manuel (1948) also wondered about gunting if it is from Chinese or originally traces back to Proto-Austronesian, which Dr. Cecilio Lopez stoutly affirmed from Dempwolff's findings, although problems arose as the word is not found in the languages of the Igorot groups, which the only tenable conclusion was that gunting is not originally from Proto-Austronesian but instead from “Southeastern Chinese” (see Min Chinese languages, including Hokkien) which had a term for scissors from which most probably the original term was derived from.


litis

Borrowed from Spanish litis (“lawsuit”), from Latin lītis.


Atenas

[ʔɐˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish Atenas (“Athens”).


aktris

Borrowed from Spanish actriz, from Latin āctrīcem.


tirador

[t̪ɪ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirador, or analytically tira + -dor.


kasaba

Borrowed from English cassava, from Portuguese cassave, from Taíno *kasabi (“cassava flour”).


onomatopeya

tl-noun

onomatopeya (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜆᜓᜉᜒᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish onomatopeya, from Late Latin onomatopoeia, from Ancient Greek ὀνοματοποιία (onomatopoiía).

der

ὀνοματοποιία


konyo

Possibly from Spanish coño (“cunt; pussy”) or Spanish de nuevo cuño (“(of a person) who has recently entered a profession, union or social class.”). The sense referring to “coming from a wealthy family” is said to have come from high-class people who curse “Coño!” during the 1950s. Compare English conyo. See also English valley girl, Spanish fresa.

noncog

a person who belongs to a wealthy or well off predominantly English-speaking family

a wealthy predominantly Anglophone person, often raised or living in a subdivision village (gated community)

(archaic) a person who belongs to a wealthy predominantly Spanish-speaking family

(slightly offensive) a person who speaks in a pretentious manner such as code-mixing Tagalog and English in an unnatural manner or speaking with vocabulary more associated with the wealthy or privileged social class


konyo

predominantly Anglophone and seemingly wealthy


konyo

Expression of worry, failure, shock, displeasure, surprise, etc.: damn!


abrasador

abrasadór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐ.sɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrazador (“embracing”).


abonado

tl-adj

abonado (feminine abonada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜈᜇᜓ)

obliged to pay out money for someone else


absorbente

absorbente (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


abridor

abridór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abridor. By surface analysis, abre + -dor.


abrigado

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈɣaː.d̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigado. By surface analysis, abrigo + -ado. Compare Cebuano abrigawo.


abnegado

abnegado (feminine abnegada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜒᜄᜇᜓ)


abono

Borrowed from Spanish abono (“fertilizer; payment”).

bor+

disbursement; payment for another in advance


kalap

gathering; collecting (of objects for a purpose)


titis

(figurative) main or immediate cause of something devastating


titis

condition of dripping continuously (of sweat, candlewax, etc.)


Fukui

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福井 (Fukui).


Ishikawa

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 石川 (Ishikawa).


Francine

Francíne (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English Francine, from French Francine.

a female given name from English [in turn from French]


alap

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alap, from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”).

inh

selective cutting or harvesting (of grass, rice, corn, fruits, etc.)

act of scooping out the scum (on the liquid surface)


lawa

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rawaq (“swamp; morass”). Cognate with Javanese ꦫꦮ (rawa), Indonesian, Malay rawa / rawah (“marsh”), and Sundanese ᮛᮔ᮪ᮎ (ranca, “swamp”).

cog

<i class="Latn mention" lang="su">ranca</i>


lawa

(figurative) flooded; covered with water


lawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq. Doublet of alalawa. Compare Bikol Central lawa, Butuanon lawa, Tausug lawa' and Waray-Waray lawa.


uutot

[ʔʊ.ʔʊˈt̪ot̪̚]


mililitro

tl-noun

mililitro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


apan

eager inclination for an activity, as a hobby


hapin

twine used in stringig beads or flowers (as for a necklace)

fine string (used in toys like kites, tops, yoyos, etc.)


hangin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin. Compare Cebuano hangin, Fijian cagi, Hiligaynon hangin, Malay angin, Maranao hangin, Nias angi, Kapampangan angin, Urak Lawoi' อาแงน (angän), and Yami angin.

(figurative) bragging; pomposity; conceit


baya

Borrowed from Spanish baya, from French baie, from Latin baca.


baya

Possibly from the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *bayáq (“to leave things or people alone; to abandon”). Compare Ilocano bay-a, Hanunoo bay-a, Bikol Central baya, Cebuano baya, and Aklanon baya.
* Related to ubaya. Compare Malay bahaya, and Sanskrit भय (bhaya). See also ubaya.


Lew

Borrowed from English Lew, from Hokkien 呂／吕 (Lū) and Mandarin 劉／刘 (Liú). Doublet of Lao, Liu, Lu, Lou, Loo, Luy, and Du.


digas

polishing of rice grains by pounding (for the third and last time to remove the kernel and make milled white rice grain)


dekada

Borrowed from Spanish década, from Latin decās, from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás).

tatlong dekada

dekada(ng) otsenta

Sa kasamaang-palad, ipinagiba ito upang may mapagtayuan ng isang fast food outlet noong dekada nobenta.

2006, Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining, Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, page 72:

Unfortunately, it was demolished to build in its stead a fast food outlet during the Nineties.

Ilang dekada na itong binubungkal ng mga magsasaka, at ipinaglalabang mapasakanila.

2015, Joi Barrios, Intermediate Tagalog: Learn to Speak Fluent Tagalog (Filipino), the National Language of the Philippines, →ISBN, page 185:

Farmers have been tilling its soil for decades, and are fighting for its ownership.


awtor

Borrowed from Spanish autor, from Latin auctor.


udon

Borrowed from Japanese うどん. Doublet of udong.


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC. Cognate with Malay pahit (“bitter”), Tboli héét (“bitter”), Eastern Cham ꨜꨪꩀ (phik, “bitter”), Malagasy faitra (“bitterness”), Chamorro fa'et (“salty”).


taksan

Borrowed from Japanese 沢山(たくさん) (takusan).

(slang, dated) much; many; plenty of (usually reduplicated)


tantan

From Proto-Philippine *tantan (“slow down; immobilize; lose interest in doing something”). Compare Ilocano tantan (“unnecessary delay”), Pangasinan tantan (“slow down; calm down”), and Cebuano tantan (“pay debt partially”).

cog

cessation (as of someone's continuous chattering, etc.)


taan

taan (canonical)
taán (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back; to keep in reserve”). Possible doublet of tahan.


taan

taán (canonical)
taan (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqən, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap; to set a snare”). Compare Cebuano taon and Malay tahan.

a type of fish trap made of a barricade of stones and split bamboo (for catching fish in coral reefs)


plais

tl-noun

plais (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ or ᜉ᜔ᜎᜁᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from English pliers, but with an older spelling of diphthongs on loanwords.


kopra

Borrowed from Spanish copra, from Portuguese copra, from Malayalam കൊപ്ര (kopra), from Sanskrit कपालः (kapālaḥ, “skull”).


isisi

tl-verb

isisi (complete isinisi, progressive isinisisi, contemplative manlalait, 3rd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐᜒᜐᜒ)

isinisi (completive)
isinisisi (progressive)
manlalait (contemplative)
ᜁᜐᜒᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
sisi (root)
isisi (infinitive)
isinisi (completive root)
isinisisi (progressive root)
inasisi (dialectal progressive root)
isisisi (contemplative objective)
asisi (contemplative dialectal objective)
isisi (imperative objective)
sisian (dialectal imperative objective)

isisi

to blame; to put the blame on; to ascribe something bad to someone


landi

(dialectal, Southern Tagalog) toying with something; playing with things uselessly


uy

Uy, tingnan mo 'to!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of hoy: expression used to call the attention of somebody: hey!

hoy

Uy! 'Wag!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of hoy: expression used as a warning or as a protest: hey!

hoy

Uy! Kamusta?

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of oy: an informal greeting: hey!

Uy! Bago 'to ah!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of oy: an expression of surprise: hey!


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]

inutil na pinuno


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]


amapola

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual


sulake

Borrowed from Spanish zulaque (“lute; thick sticky clay or cement”), variant of azulaque, from Andalusian Arabic السُلَاقَة (as-sulāqa), from Ancient Greek συλλογή (sullogḗ, “collection”).


solipsismo

tl-noun

solipsismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


krema

Ang kremang Jean Valmy ay isang gamot para sa tagihawat.

1976, Sikolinggwistikang Pilipino: wika at lipunan, kaasalang pangwika, bilinggwalismo at suliranin sa pag-iisip at pagpapahayag, Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining, page 519:

The Jean Valmy cream is a medicine for acne.

(medicine) cream (as ointment or cosmetic)


Hawa

Borrowed from Arabic حَوَّاء (ḥawwāʔ), from Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwā). Doublet of Eba.


tulis

sharp end or point (of something tapering)

(figurative) sharpness; severity (of one's words or language)


Santa Lucia

tl-proper noun

Santa Lucia (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜎᜓᜐᜒᜌ)

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)

A municipality of Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Region, Luzon, Philippines


piit

[ˈpiː.ʔɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Philippine *piət (“narrow; tight”). Compare Agutaynen piet, Bikol Central piot, Aklanon piot, Cebuano piot, Hiligaynon piot, and Malay piat.


sungal

light push of the tongue against the teeth

tap or chuck; upward push of the hand (on the chin, mouth, or nose)

position of the upper teeth or lip being more prominent than the lower

moving, raising or pushing of a bit (as with a screwdriver)

(figurative) act of contradicting someone (usually in a reproachful manner with no valid reason)


sungal

having the upper teeth or lip more prominent than the lower


agrimensor

tl-noun

agrimensór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

agrimensór (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.mɛn̪ˈsoɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish agrimensor (“surveyor”), from Latin agrīmēnsor (“land surveyor”).


kurot

From Proto-Philippine *kəzut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəzut. Cognate with Bikol Central kudot, Cebuano kurot, and Maranao kedot.


lapot

From Proto-Philippine *lap(ə)qút (“thick, sticky, pasty”). Compare Aklanon eapot and Cebuano lap-ot.

inh

viscosity; viscidity; thickness of liquid


harot

(colloquial, by extension) flirtiness; coquettishness

abrupt changes in one's decisions or mind


saket

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


akuin

tl-verb

akuin (complete inako, progressive inaako, contemplative aakuin, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔)

inako (completive)
inaako (progressive)
aakuin (contemplative)
ᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
ako (root)
ᜀᜃᜓ (root)
aakuin (infinitive)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
inako (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜃᜓ (completive root)
inaako (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜀᜃᜓ (progressive root)
inaako (dialectal progressive root)
aaakuin (contemplative objective)
ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
aaakuin (contemplative dialectal objective)
aakuin (imperative objective)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
ako (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜃᜓ (imperative objective)
aakua (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜀ (imperative objective)

akuin

aakuin
 ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔

aaakuin
ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔
aaakuin¹
 ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔

aakuin
 ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔
ako¹
ᜀᜃᜓ
aakua¹
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜀ

[ʔɐˈxuː.ʔɪn̪]


sakuna

tl-noun

sakunâ or sakuná (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃᜓᜈ)

sakunâ (canonical)
sakuná (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜓᜈ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शकुन (śakuna, “bird of omen”); cf. Hindi शगुन (śagun, “omen”).


kapit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapit, from Proto-Austronesian *kapit.
Compare Bikol Central kapot and Malay kepit.

inh+

ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit


sulit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulit (“difficult, complicated”).

inh

Ang sulit naman ng pagkain!

(colloquial) worth the money; reasonably priced; cost-effective (of a product or service)

(colloquial, by extension) worthwhile (of one's time spent, opportunities, etc.)

regained; having one's capital in an investment


sulit

remittance of money (by a bill collector)

regain of capital (in business, gambling, etc.)

(colloquial) cost-effectiveness; bang for the buck


sulit

already recovered (of one's capital investment)


lapit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapət (“to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapət (“to join together, attach tightly”). Compare Indonesian rapat (“close; tight”), Javanese ꦫꦥꦼꦠ꧀ (rapet, “tightly closed; close; next to”), Malagasy rafitra (“carpenter's work, masonry”).

cog

seeking of help (by approaching someone)


lipot

first or advanced distant sight of one's arrival


kalit

creaking sound (made by old or defective furniture such as beds, tables, or chairs)


asignatura

tl-noun

asignatura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜆᜓᜇ)

[ʔɐ.sɪɡ.n̪ɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


salamat

Borrowed from Malay selamat (“safety”), or from Classical Persian سَلَامَت (salāmat, “good health”), from Arabic سَلَامَة (salāma). Compare Aklanon saeamat.


-ng

-ng-

for compound with preceding stem ending in a vowel.

-m-

for compound with initial stem ending in vowel

-g-

for compound with preceding stem ending with letter

Magandang bulaklak

Enclitic suffix, connecting adjectives to nouns and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).

Bigla siyang nagsalita.

Enclitic suffix, connecting adverbs to verbs and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).


-ng

tl-proper noun

-ng (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜅ᜔)

Pepeng

Isang

Diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives of given names ending in vowels, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.


atasan

tl-verb

atasan (complete inatasan, progressive inaatasan, contemplative aatasan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆᜐᜈ᜔)

inatasan (completive)
inaatasan (progressive)
aatasan (contemplative)
ᜀᜆᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
atas (root)
atasan (infinitive)
inatasan (completive root)
inaatasan (progressive root)
inaatasan (dialectal progressive root)
aatasan (contemplative objective)
aatasan (contemplative dialectal objective)
atasi (dialectal imperative objective)

atasan

[ʔɐˈt̪aː.sɐn̪]


aboli

Borrowed from Spanish abolir, from Latin abolēre.


orkestra

tl-noun

orkestra or órkestrá (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ)

orkestra (canonical)
órkestrá (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔoɾˈkɛs.t̪ɾɐ]

Borrowed from English orchestra, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρᾱ (orkhḗstrā). Doublet of orkesta.


eto

Alternative form of heto: here! here it is!


determinismo

determinismo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


kanal

Borrowed from Spanish canal (“canal”), from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”).


kanal

(figurative, colloquial) vulgar; indecent


kaba

From Proto-Philippine *kəbá (“for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound”). Compare Ilocano kebba, Kankanaey keba, Bikol Central kaba, Cebuano kuba, and Hiligaynon kuba.

inh

palpitation due to excitement or fear; nervousness


santan

Borrowed from Malay santan, from Old Javanese santĕn (“coconut milk”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “essence”).

thick coconut syrup; cooked mixture of coconut milk and molasses or sugar


empleada

female equivalent of empleado (“employee”)


tirada

[t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirada. Compare Cebuano tirada.

(colloquial) uncalled-for statement or utterance; insult; slander; tirade

act or manner of hitting a ball with the cue


buurin

tl-verb

buurín (complete binuod, progressive binubuod, contemplative bubuurin, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜂᜇᜒᜈ᜔)

buurín (canonical)
binuod (completive)
binubuod (progressive)
bubuurin (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜂᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
buod (root)
magbuod (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nagbuod (completive root trigger-actor)
nagbubuod (progressive trigger-actor)
nagabuod (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
magbubuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
magabuod (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gabuod (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kabubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagbubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapagbuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapagbuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
buorin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binuod (completive root trigger-object)
binubuod (progressive trigger-object)
inabuod (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
bubuorin (contemplative trigger-object)
abuorin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagbuoran (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbuoran (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbubuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbubuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipagbuod (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinagbuod (benefactive completive root)
ipinapagbuod (benefactive progressive)
ipapagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
ipambuod (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambuod (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambuod (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambuod (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapagbuod (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbuod (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagbuoran (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinagbuoran (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
pinagbubuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
papagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
pagbubuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpabuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabuod (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabuod (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapabubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papagbuorin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapagbuod (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapagbuod (actor-secondary progressive)
papapagbuorin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabuod (completive trigger-object)
ipinabubuod (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabuod (progressive trigger-object)
ipabubuod (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpabuod (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabuod (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabuod (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabuod (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabuoran (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapabubuoran (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapabubuoran (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbuoran (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapagbuoran (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
papapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapagbuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagbuod (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagbuod (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagbuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
nabuod (completive trigger-object)
nabubuod (progressive trigger-object)
mabubuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagbuod (benefactive infinitive)
naipagbuod (benefactive completive)
naipagbubuod (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagbuod (benefactive progressive)
naiipagbuod (benefactive progressive)
maipagbubuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagbuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagbuod (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipagbuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipagbuod (completive trigger-causative)
naipagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maipagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbuodan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbuodan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbubuodan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbuodan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbubuodan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbuodan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabuod (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapagbuod (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapagbuod (actor-secondary completive)
napapapagbuod (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapagbuod (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabuod (completive trigger-object)
naipabubuod (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabuod (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabuod (progressive trigger-object)
maipabubuod (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpabuod (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabuod (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabuod (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabuod (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabuoran (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapabubuoran (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapabubuoran (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbuoran (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuoran (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapagbuoran (completive trigger-referential)
napapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipagbuod (direct infinitive)
nakipagbuod (completive direct)
nakikipagbuod (direct progressive)
makikipagbuod (contemplative direct)
makibuod (direct infinitive)
nakibuod (completive direct)
nakikibuod (direct progressive)
makikibuod (contemplative direct)
makipagpabuod (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabuod (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabuod (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabuod (contemplative indirect)

[bʊ.ʔʊˈɾin̪]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of buorin.


bitin

a kind of game where participants grab hung prizes from a square trellis

(figurative, colloquial) inadequacy of something leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


bitin

awkwardly short (of clothes, fabric, etc.)

inadequate, leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)

dissatisfied due to inadequacy (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


pluralismo

tl-noun

pluralismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


ateneo

[ʔɐ.t̪ɛˈn̪ɛː.o]

Borrowed from Spanish ateneo, from Latin Athēnaeum, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓θήναιον (Athḗnaion).


Marcos

a surname from Spanish, the 250th most common surname in the Philippines

Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, or his family


abaka

→ Aragonese: abacá

→ Galician: abacá

→ Malay: abaka

→ Portuguese: abacá

desctree

→ Spanish: abacá
→ English: abaca
→ Norwegian Bokmål: abaca

Borrowed from Arabic أَبَق (ʔabaq, “abaca”), from Classical Syriac ܐܳܦܰܩܬܳܐ (ʾāpaqtā), ܐܰܦܩܰܥܬܳܐ (ʾap̄qaʿtā, “de-seeded cotton”). According to Potet (2013), Muslim marine merchants imposed their term on their suppliers so that native terms died out in the Philippines.

bor+

Si Pedro ay gumamit ng abaka sa pagtali ng kahoy.

Pedro used abaca to tie the wood together.


Anson

Borrowed from Spanish Anson, from Hokkien 俺孫／俺孙 (án-sun, “grandson”).

a male given name from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


arnis

Borrowed from Spanish arnés (“harness”), from French harnais.


awto

Borrowed from Spanish auto, short for automóvil.


tangos

sharpness of the nose; prominence of the nose


kababayan

From ka- + bayan, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

fellow resident of the same town or province; fellow citizen

mga kababayan

muffin-like bread in the shape of a salakot


wani

wani (canonical)
waní (canonical)
ᜏᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


sastre

tl-noun

sastré or sastre (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ)

sastré (canonical)
sastre (canonical)
ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sastre, from Catalan sastre, from Latin sartor.


Noe

Borrowed from Spanish Noé, from Latin Nōē, from Ancient Greek Νῶε (Nôe), from Biblical Hebrew נֹחַ (Nōaḥ).

(rare) a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Noah


kompanya

kompanyá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish compañía, from Old Spanish compaña, from Late Latin *compānia, from Late Latin compāniō.


Clemente

ᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, from Latin Clēmentem.

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Clement

a surname, transferred use of the given name


lambat

Borrowed from Brunei Malay rambat (“cast net”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀambat. Compare Bikol Central lambat (“net”), Masbatenyo lambat (“net”), Aklanon eambat (“net”), and Cebuano gambat (“latticework”).

bor+

catching with a net (of fish, birds, etc.)


musim

Borrowed from Malay musim, from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim).


sibi

temporary shed attached to the roof or side of a house

small addition to a house by extending the roof and providing it with light walling


sibi

act of pouting or pursing the lips (as of a baby about to cry)


asbesto

Borrowed from Spanish asbesto (“asbestos”), from Latin asbestos, from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “incombustible”).


adamantino

tl-adj

adamantino (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish adamantino, from Latin adamantinus, from Ancient Greek ἀδαμάντινος (adamántinos). Doublet of diyamantino.


minero

[mɪˈn̪ɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish minero. Analyzed as mina + -ero.


rayos

Borrowed from Spanish rayos, plural of rayo, from Old Spanish, from Latin radius. Doublet of radyo.


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦶꦭ꧀ (bedhil, “Java arquebus”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “explosion”). Compare Bikol Central badil, Masbatenyo badil, Northern Catanduanes Bicolano badil.


naman

Tulungan mo naman ako.

Pupunta si Miguel sa eskwela. Si Mark naman ay pupunta sa opisina.

Miguel is going to school. On the other hand, Mark is heading to the office.

Okay, ako naman!

Sana Vietnam naman ang manalo sa Miss Universe.

I wish Vietnam would win this time in Miss Universe.

particle used to express the turn of somebody or something

Sabi nila may pera daw sa lamesa, wala naman!

They told me there's money on the table but there really was none!

Wala ka namang sinabi na pupunta ka, ha?

But you really didn't tell me you were coming, huh?

Maganda siya, tamad naman.

Mali 'yung sagot mo sa number 5. — Hindi ah! Tama naman, ah!

Your answer in number 5 is incorrect. — No way! It's correct, mind you!

Wala naman akong kasalanan, ah!

Sasama ka ba sa amin? — Oo naman!

Sabihin mo na sa akin ang sekreto mo. Wala namang makakaalam na iba, eh.

Tell me that secret of yours already. Nobody else is really going to know.

particle used to give additional information so the other person will be finally convinced of what you've said or asked

Ang tanga naman niyun!

Sana mamatay na 'yang gagong 'yan! — Huwag naman!

I wish that jerk would die! — Oh, not at all!

Grabe naman 'yung nangyaring lindol sa Japan!

How outrageous was the earthquake that happened in Japan!

Kawawa naman 'yung mga nasalanta ng bagyong Yolanda!

How pitiful are the victims of typhoon Yolanda!

particle used in exclamatory sentences to add more emotion


naman

Ang ganda talaga ng Pilipinas. — Naman!

Philippines is really beautiful. — Of course!


romero

Borrowed from Spanish romero (“rosemary”).


apostol

tl-noun

apostól or apostol (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔)

apostól (canonical)
apostol (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apóstol, from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”).


Cabo Verde

tl-proper noun

Cabo Verde (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜓ ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish Cabo Verde (literally “green cape”).

bor+

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


apostata

Borrowed from Spanish apóstata, from Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs).


saad

[ˈsaː.ʔɐd̪̚]


saad

[ˈsaː.ʔɐd̪̚]


kakto

Borrowed from Spanish cacto (“cactus”), Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”).


basalto

Borrowed from Spanish basalto, from Latin basaltes, a misspelling of basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”) b-x:n-O39.


matrikula

matríkulá (canonical)
ᜋᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish matrícula, from Late Latin mātrīcula, from Latin mātrīx.


tuga

confession; admission (of one's guilt or crime)

revelation of the truth; telling the truth

condition of being right, proper, or true


bistek

Borrowed from Spanish bistec, from English beefsteak.


paraan

[pɐ.ɾɐˈʔan̪]

Humanap ka ng paraan para maayos ito.


salaan

tl-verb

salaan (complete sinalaan, progressive sinasalaan, contemplative sasalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

sinalaan (completive)
sinasalaan (progressive)
sasalaan (contemplative)
ᜐᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sala (root)
salaan (infinitive)
sinalaan (completive root)
sinasalaan (progressive root)
inasalaan (dialectal progressive root)
sasalaan (contemplative objective)
asalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
salai (dialectal imperative objective)

salaan

to build an irrigation dam in (a certain place)


pondo

Borrowed from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Compare Cebuano pundo. Doublet of pundo.


bibe

Borrowed from Malay bebek. Compare Rukai bibi and Saisiyat bibi꞉.


lawlaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 落落 (làu-làu, “loose”), according to Manuel (1948), or possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 老 (lāu, “old”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). However, Zorc (1985) disagrees and offers a more native etymon. Compare Cebuano lawlaw and Kapampangan lolo.

bor+

dangling; sagging; hanging down; hanging loose


lawlaw

condition of dangling, hanging down, or being too long

portion dangling, hanging down, or being too long


lawlaw

stirred up making it dirty (of water or liquid)


lawlaw

act of stirring playfully with one's hands or feet (of water or another liquid)


lawlaw

Compare Ilocano lawlaw, Cebuano lawlaw, Waray-Waray lawlaw.

a species of sardine or herring (of family Clupeidae)


yari

Borrowed from Malay jadi (“to become”), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Doublet of dati, hati, and Henesis. See also ari.

root of words meaning "event" or "occurrence", such as mangyari or pangyayari

root of words meaning "power", such as kapangyarihan


yari

act or manner of making or manufacturing something

Mayroon siyang ngipin na yari sa ginto.

He has a golden tooth. (lit. He has a tooth made of gold.)

completion or finishing of something being done, made, or manufactured

(colloquial) meeting one's downfall or getting what one deserves


yari

Yari ka.


yari

Yari na ang mga damit.

Yari na ba ang palabas?


yari

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-di (“that, there”), from Proto-Austronesian *-di. Cognate with Balangao yadi (“that”), Mansaka yadi (“this”), and Malagasy ary (“there, yonder”).


lanta

From Southern Luzon axis *lanta (“wilted”). Compare Kapampangan lanta and Bikol Central lanta. See also Batad Ifugao langta (“greenness”).

mga lantang gulay

withered; faded (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


lanta

condition of being withered (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


sam-

Alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩


onomastika

tl-noun

onomástiká (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

onomástiká (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


anga

open-mouthed; mouth agape (as if manifesting ignorance)


baklain

tl-verb

baklaín (complete binakla, progressive binabakla, contemplative babaklain, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔)

baklaín (canonical)
binakla (completive)
binabakla (progressive)
babaklain (contemplative)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
bakla (root)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (root)
baklain (infinitive)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
binakla (completive root)
ᜊᜒᜈᜃ᜔ᜎ (completive root)
binabakla (progressive root)
ᜊᜒᜈᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (progressive root)
inabakla (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (progressive root)
babaklain (contemplative objective)
ᜊᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
abaklain (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
baklain (imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
bakla (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (imperative objective)
baklaa (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜀ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

baklain

baklain

baklain
 ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔

babaklain
ᜊᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔
abaklain¹
 ᜀᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔

baklain
 ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔
bakla¹
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ
baklaa¹
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜀ

to interact with someone in an effeminate or homosexual manner


pingpong

Borrowed from English ping pong, a genericized trademark of onomatopoeic origin. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng).


parahin

tl-verb

parahin (complete pinara, progressive pinapara, contemplative paparahin, 1st object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

pinara (completive)
pinapara (progressive)
paparahin (contemplative)
ᜉᜇᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
para (root)
pumara (infinitive root trigger-actor)
pumara (completive root trigger-actor)
pumapara (progressive trigger-actor)
napara (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
papara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapara (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kapapara (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
parahin (infinitive root trigger-object)
pinara (completive root trigger-object)
pinapara (progressive trigger-object)
inapara (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
paparahin (contemplative trigger-object)
aparahin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagparahan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagparahan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipara (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinara (benefactive completive root)
ipinapara (benefactive progressive)
ipapara (benefactive contemplative)
ipampara (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinampara (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapampara (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapampara (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapara (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapara (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapara (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
ipara (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ipinara (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ipinapara (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ipapara (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ipara (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ipinara (completive root trigger-measurement)
ipinapara (progressive trigger-measurement)
ipapara (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpapara (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapapara (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapapapara (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
paparahin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapara (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapara (actor-secondary progressive)
papaparahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipapara (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinapara (completive trigger-object)
ipinapapara (progressive trigger-object)
ipapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpapara (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpapara (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapapara (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpapara (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapapara (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapara (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpaparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpaparahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapapaparahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapapaparahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagparahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapara (completive trigger-actor)
nakapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapara (progressive trigger-actor)
makapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
napapara (completive trigger-actor)
napapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapapara (progressive trigger-actor)
mapapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapara (infinitive trigger-object)
napara (completive trigger-object)
napapara (progressive trigger-object)
mapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maipara (benefactive infinitive)
naipara (benefactive completive)
naipapara (benefactive progressive)
maipapara (benefactive contemplative)
maikapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapara (completive trigger-causative)
naikapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipara (completive trigger-causative)
naipapara (progressive trigger-causative)
maipapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagparaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagparaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpaparaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagparaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpaparaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagparaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapara (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpapara (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapara (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapara (actor-secondary completive)
napapapara (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapapara (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapara (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapapara (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipapara (infinitive trigger-object)
naipapara (completive trigger-object)
naipapapara (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapapara (progressive trigger-object)
naiipapara (progressive trigger-object)
maipapapara (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpapara (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpapara (benefactive completive)
naipagpapapara (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpapara (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpapara (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapapara (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapara (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpaparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpaparahan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapapaparahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapapaparahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagparahan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makipara (direct infinitive)
nakipara (completive direct)
nakikipara (direct progressive)
makikipara (contemplative direct)
makipagpapara (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpapara (completive indirect)
nakikipagpapara (indirect progressive)
makikipagpapara (contemplative indirect)

to stop a vehicle by raising or waving one's hand


akta

Borrowed from Spanish acta, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum. Doublet of akto.

Pinagtibay ang akta ng nakaraang pulong.

The minutes of the past meeting were approved.

record; minutes (the official notes kept during a meeting)


astigmatismo

tl-noun

astigmatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

(optics) astigmatism (defect of a lens such that it doesn’t have a focal point)

(ophthalmology, pathology) astigmatism (inability of the eye to focus)


kanyon

Lillium philippinense
Wikispecies:Lillium philippinense

Benguet lily, an endangered species of lily, found in the mountains of Benguet (Lillium philippinense)


talanga

[t̪ɐˈlaː.ŋɐʔ]


golondrina

golondrina (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


kupal

The word has been existing and even used as an insult since the 17th century. The colloquial etymology that the word is backslang of pa-cool, from pa- + English cool, literally “trying to be cool” may be false.

pre

Kupal ka; ang sama ng ginagawa mong paninira sa kapatid mo.

You ass; that's cruel of you to slander your brother.

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole (mean or rude person)


kupal

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole; bitch; prick


kupal

Kupal naman o, hanggang baywang na ang tubig-baha!

Oh crap, the floodwaters are waist-high!


Mateo

Borrowed from Spanish Mateo, from Latin Matthaeus, from Ancient Greek Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos), from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū, literally “gift of the Lord”).

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Matthew


Francisca

tl-proper noun

Francisca (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)


adulterante

tl-noun

adulterante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ʊl.t̪ɛˈɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


samuray

[sɐ.mʊˈɾaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Japanese 侍(さむらい) (samurai).


Basilio

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Basil


piyano

Borrowed from Spanish piano (“piano”), from Italian piano, from Latin plānus.


Leonor

a female given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Eleanor


Gregorio

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɛˈɣoɾ.jo]


amin

Ito ang aming bahay.


amin

Ang aklat na ito ay amin.


amin

admittance or confession of something secret (such as one's mistakes or faults)


echos

[ˈʔɛː.t͡ʃos]

Borrowed from Spanish hechos, plural of hecho (“making; action; work”), from Latin factum. Doublet of petsa.


alboroto

tantrum; restless agitation; restless fuss (especially of babies)

baby or child given to such tantrums or restless fuss


maamo

tl-adj

maamò (plural maaamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜋᜓ)

maamò (canonical)
maaamo (plural)
ᜋᜀᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


parati

[pɐˈɾaː.t̪ɪ]


kumusta ka na

tl-head

kumustá ka na? (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜃ ᜈ)

kumustá ka na (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜃ ᜈ (Baybayin)


tapsi

From tapsilog with the last syllable elided, since it is a
blend of tapa + sinangag + itlog, or a blend of tapa + silog.


lapat

properly closed (of a door, window, etc.)


lapat

tightness or properness of closing (of a door, window, etc.)

condition of being well-fitted (as of a joint in carpentry)

condition of being close enough to be touching each other


lapat

thin, fine strips of bamboo, rattan, or wood (used to tie down fencing, arbors, etc. or to make fish corrals or sawali)

stripping of bamboo, rattan, or wood into thin pieces


asete

[ʔɐˈsɛː.t̪ɛ]


kandi

Borrowed from Malay kendi, from Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī). Compare Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (kendhi).


kandi

state of being in heat or feeling of mating call


lako

Borrowed from Malay laku (“marketable”).

peddling; selling of merchandise from place to place


lako

(anatomy) part of the arm opposite the elbow


sensibilidad

tl-noun

sensibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

sensibilidád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


trapo

Contraction of English traditional politician.


respetable

tl-adj

respetable (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


himno

Borrowed from Spanish himno, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon) or by pronouncing the Spanish unadapted borrowing with Tagalog orthography rules. Attested since the 1980's.

(common) Alternative form of imno: hymn; anthem


optimista

tl-noun

optimista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


optimista

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


hilata

lying down on one's back (lazily or in abandon)


Delfin

Borrowed from Spanish Delfín, from delfín, from Latin delphīnus.


kontra

bakuna kontra tigdas


kalayaan

Friedrich Schiller
José Rizal
Marcelo H. del Pilar
William Tell (play)

From laya + ka- -an. Used by Marcelo H. del Pilar in 1882 (originally as kalayahan) as an equivalent for Spanish libertad (“liberty”) in his Tagalog translation of José Rizal's El Amor Patrio. The word was then used in 1886 by Rizal for his search for an equivalent for German Freiheit (“freedom; freehood”) while translating Friedrich Schiller's drama, William Tell. Later adopted by the Katipunan to articulate their separatist ideology against the Spanish Empire.

Ipinaglaban ng mga Katipunero ang ating kalayaan mula sa mga Kastilang sumakop sa bansa.

The Katipuneros fought for our freedom from the Spaniards who conquered (our) land.

Dumating ang bakasyong tag-init, at galak na galak ang bulilit na si Yan-Yan sa natamo nitong kalayaan mula sa paaralan.

Summer vacation came, and little Yan-Yan was overjoyed for finally earning freedom from school.


Claudio

Borrowed from Spanish Claudio, from Latin Claudius.

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Claude

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Tomas Claudio, the first Filipino soldier to die at war overseas


amaranto

Borrowed from Spanish amaranto, from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos).


maskara

Borrowed from Spanish máscara, from Italian maschera, from Late Latin mascara.

the cut of meat and skin from the face of a pig


Sandoval

Sandovál (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


aeronauta

[ʔɐ.ɛ.ɾoˈn̪aʊ̯.t̪ɐ]


internado

internado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɾˈn̪aː.d̪o]


hupa

lessening; abating (as of a storm or typhoon)


makinis

tl-adj

makinis (plural makikinis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔)


organdi

[ʔoɾ.ɡɐn̪ˈd̪i]

Borrowed from Spanish organdí (“organdy”).


pangit

[ˈpaː.ŋɪt̪̚]

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]

bad; not good (material or abstract quality)


matalino

tl-adj

matalino (plural matatalino, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜎᜒᜈᜓ)


luntian

luntian or luntián (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

luntian (canonical)
luntián (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


luntian

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


magaspang

magaspáng (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


matapang

matapang (plural matatapang, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜉᜅ᜔)

strong (having an offensive or intense odor or flavor)

strong (having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient)


malawak

malawak (plural malalawak, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜏᜃ᜔)


masama

masamâ (plural masasama, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋ)

masamâ (canonical)
masasama (plural)
ᜋᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


masama

tl-verb

masama (complete nasama, progressive nasasama, contemplative masasama, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋ)

nasama (completive)
nasasama (progressive)
masasama (contemplative)
ᜋᜐᜋ (Baybayin)

From ma- + sama (“joining; inclusion; combining”).

prefix

to happen or accidentally be included in something


masarap

tl-adj

masaráp (plural masasarap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔)

masaráp (canonical)
masasarap (plural)
ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


dilaw

From Proto-Philippine *dilaw (“turmeric; yellow”). Compare Ilocano duyaw, Pangasinan duyaw, Kapampangan dilo, Aklanon dueaw, and Cebuano dulaw.
The political senses' origin can be traced from the song Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree, a song recorded by Tony Orlando and Dawn, which was chosen to be played by friends and supporters of Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr. to welcome him for his return to the Philippines on August 21, 1983 after three years from his self-imposed exile in the United States. The song told a story of a released prisoner of coincidentally, also three long years, and is uncertain whether his girlfriend will welcome him home so the prisoner wrote a letter to his girlfriend to tie a yellow ribbon around the “ole oak tree” to signify that he is welcome to go home. Following Aquino's assassination on the same day of his return, the yellow ribbon and color became a symbol associated with Aquino and the opposition led by his widowed wife, Corazon Aquino, against the Marcos regime.
The term has been used by politicians to attack allies of PDP-LABAN, Ninoy Aquino's political party at the time, back in the 1980s. Its usage has been revived after Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Aquino III, son of Ninoy Aquino, ran for presidency for the 2010 Philippine presidential election under the Liberal Party of the Philippines, with yellow as his campaign color after the death of Corazon Aquino. Ninoy Aquino also was a senator who formerly ran under the Liberal Party. Hence, the color associated with the Aquinos also became associated with the Liberal Party and liberalism itself locally.

inh

(Philippine politics, slang) liberal; of the Liberal Party


dilaw

→ Ambala Ayta: dilaw

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(Philippine politics, slang) Liberal Party of the Philippines


matangkad

tl-adj

matangkád (plural matatangkad, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔)

matangkád (canonical)
matatangkad (plural)
ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

tall and slender; awkwardly long and thin


matangkad

mátangkád (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


maliit

maliít (plural maliliit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔)

maliít (canonical)
maliliit (plural)
ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐˈliː.ʔɪt̪̚]


mahirap

mahirap (plural mahihirap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔)

mahihirap (plural)
ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
mahirap (positive singular)
mahihirap (plural positive)
hirap (positive root)
mas mahirap (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mahihirap (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mahirap (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mahihirap (comparative inferior plural)
kasinghirap (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamahirap (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamahihirap (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamahirap (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamahihirap (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkahirap (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkahirap-hirap (absolute equal plural superlative)

Mahirap ang exam.

Mahirap lang kami.


malaki

malakí (plural malalaki, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜃᜒ)

malakí (canonical)
malalaki (plural)
ᜋᜎᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
malaki (positive singular)
malalaki (plural positive)
laki (positive root)
mas malaki (comparative positive singular superior)
mas malalaki (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong malaki (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong malalaki (comparative inferior plural)
kasinlaki (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamalaki (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamalalaki (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamalaki (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamalalaki (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkalaki (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkalaki-laki (absolute equal plural superlative)


masaya

masayá (plural masasaya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜌ)

masayá (canonical)
masasaya (plural)
ᜋᜐᜌ (Baybayin)


kulang

Borrowed from Malay kurang. Compare Ilocano kurang, Bikol Central kulang, Cebuano kuwang, and Maranao korang.


kulang

condition of being lacking, incomplete, or insufficient


payapa

Ficus drupacea
Wikispecies:Ficus drupacea


maganda

magandá (plural magaganda, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

magandá (canonical)
magaganda (plural)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
maganda (positive singular)
magaganda (plural positive)
ganda (positive root)
mas maganda (comparative positive singular superior)
mas magaganda (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong maganda (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magaganda (comparative inferior plural)
kasingganda (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamaganda (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamagaganda (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamaganda (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamagaganda (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkaganda (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkaganda-ganda (absolute equal plural superlative)

Magandang gabi.


mayaman

mayaman (plural mayayaman, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌᜋᜈ᜔)


matamis

matamís (plural matatamis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔)

matamís (canonical)
matatamis (plural)
ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


sarado

Borrowed from Spanish cerrado (“closed”).

bor+

stuffed or stopped up (of one's nose, pipes, etc.)


bantog

[bɐn̪ˈt̪oɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bantug. Compare Sambali bantog, Bikol Central bantog, Masbatenyo bantog, Cebuano bantog, Hiligaynon bantug, Mansaka bantog, Maranao bantog, Western Bukidnon Manobo bantug, and Tausug bantug.

famous; popular; well-known; illustrious


bastos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos, plural of basto.


mapait

tl-adj

mapaít (plural mapapait, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔)

mapaít (canonical)
mapapait (plural)
ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mapait (positive singular)
mapapait (plural positive)
pait (positive root)
mas mapait (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mapapait (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mapait (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mapapait (comparative inferior plural)
kasiait (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamapait (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamapapait (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamapait (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamapapait (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkapait (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkapait-pait (absolute equal plural superlative)


asul

Borrowed from Spanish azul, from Old Spanish azur, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Classical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward, “lapis lazuli”). Compare English azure.


baliw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliw (“return”), from Proto-Austronesian *baliw (“return”). Compare Bikol Central baliw, Cebuano baliw, and Maranao baloy. Doublet of ibayo.


ganti

From Proto-Philippine *ganti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ganti.


berde

Borrowed from Spanish verde (“green”). Compare Kapampangan berdi.


matalbog

matalbóg (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


matayog

tl-adj

matayog (plural matatayog, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜌᜓᜄ᜔)


maparaan

maparaán (plural mapaparaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

maparaán (canonical)
mapaparaan (plural)
ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + paraan, literally “full of means/ways”.


masayahin

From masaya (“happy”) + -hin, literally “prone to being happy”.


umaapaw

[ʔʊ.mɐˈʔaː.paʊ̯]

From um- + apaw, with initial reduplication of apaw.


nakaumbok

nakaumbók (canonical)
ᜈᜃᜂᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


batugan

[bɐˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]


maalalahanin

tl-adj

maalalahanín (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

maalalahanín (canonical)
ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


disente

[d̪ɪˈsɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


masigla

masiglá (plural masisigla, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

masiglá (canonical)
masisigla (plural)
ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


mabango

mabangó (plural mababango, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜅᜓ)

mabangó (canonical)
mababango (plural)
ᜋᜊᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
mabango (positive singular)
mababango (plural positive)
bango (positive root)
mas mabango (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababango (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabango (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababango (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbango (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabango (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababango (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabango (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababango (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabango (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabango-bango (absolute equal plural superlative)


marupok

marupók (plural marurupok, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

marupók (canonical)
marurupok (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + dupok (“(of wood) to rot or become weak”). The 3rd sense is often explained as being a derivative of pokpok (“lewd, skanky”).

prefix

(colloquial, of a person) frail; easily seduced


makitid

tl-adj

makitid (plural makikitid, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔)