katekismo

Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English catechism, and influenced by Spanish -ismo. Although Spanish catecismo has an older variant, catequismo, it is less likely to be a Spanish loan due to it being attested only since the 1970's.

pseudo-loan

Dahil dito, nagkaroon ng malawakang pag-aaral ng mga etnikong wika. Sumulat ang mga misyonaryo ng mga katekismo at konpesyonal sa mga wikang ito. Ang layuning sumakop ang nagbunsod sa pag-aaral ng mga wika sa Pilipinas.

1978, Wika tungo sa pambansang pagkakakilanlan:


praktiko

práktikó (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


arkitektura

tl-noun

arkitektura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪ.t̪ɛkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish arquitectura (“architecture”), from Latin architectūra.


kritiko

Borrowed from Spanish crítico, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós). Sense 2, semantic loan from English critic.

critic (person who appraises the works of others)


tigas ng ulo

tl-noun

tigás ng ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

tigás ng ulo (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪˌɣas n̪ɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]

Ba't 'di ka nakikinig? Ang tigas talaga ng ulo mo!
Why aren´t you listening? You´re so stubborn!


komunismo

komunismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish comunismo (“communism”).


tabako

Sinuma ni Antero ans kanyang pagkakagastahan : isang daang piso ang ipadadala niya sa kanyang inang sa probinsiya; isang daang ... Nakasubo pa rin ang tabako sa bibig ni Mr. Collas at gagalaw-galaw iyon habang uo ay nasuasalita.

Suot ni Minister Enrile ang isang long-sleeved fatigue jacket sa ibabaw ng bullet-proof vest, asul na pantalong denim at sapatos na canvas.m Si Ten, Hen. Ramos naman ay nakaterno ng ... Nakasubo ang tabako ng Heneral. Nasa likuran ng ...

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta, →ISBN:


akto

Borrowed from Spanish acto, from Latin āctus.


kapitalismo

tl-noun

kapitalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


hampas

strike; blow (with an elongated object like a stick or club)

striking; hard blow (as of waves on the shore)


ekonomiko

Borrowed from Spanish económico (“economic”).


eksperimento

tl-noun

eksperimento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


aplikante

aplikante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish aplicante. Doublet of aplikant.


katalogo

Borrowed from Spanish catálogo, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalog.


konsento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English consent, influenced by Spanish suffix -o in most Spanish words, from Old French consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre. Doublet of konsenti.


kanibalismo

tl-noun

kanibalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish canibalismo. By surface analysis, kanibal + -ismo.


kompyuteran

kompyúterán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔)

kompyúterán (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kompiyuteran.


lamon

From Proto-Philippine *lamun (“eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole”).

inh

voracious eating; gluttonous eating; gorging; devouring


Feliciano

Borrowed from Spanish Feliciano, from Latin Felicianus, a patronymic form of Felix.

a surname from Spanish deriving from the given name


Fidel

Borrowed from Spanish Fidel, from Latin Fidelis, from fidelis (“faithful”).


lugnas

detached; falling easily (as fruits on a tree, stem, etc.)


aresto

[ʔɐˈɾɛs.t̪o]

arrest; capture (by police or authorities)


aspalto

Borrowed from Spanish asfalto, from Late Latin asphaltum, from Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, “asphalt, bitumen”).


korupto

Borrowed from Spanish corrupto, from Latin corruptus. Doublet of korap.


komandante

tl-noun

komandante (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


abolisyon

abolisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abolisyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abolición, from Latin abolitiōnem.


gilik

powdery substance covering rice husks, straws, and blades of some grass (usually causing irritation or itchiness on the skin)

mud eaten by milkfish, tilapia, etc. (causing them to taste and smell bad)


onse

Borrowed from Spanish once, from Old Spanish onze, ondze, from Latin ūndecim. According to Zorc (1993), the colloquial sense is said to be related to the double line visuals of the written number 11, possibly about double-dealing. The sense can also be possibly about having a one up (an advantage) above a common arbitrary number 10. See also maisahan (“to be able to get one-upped”).


onse

(colloquial) cheating; duping; swindling; fooling


gangsterismo

gangsterismo (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


akustiks

akustiks (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English acoustics. Doublet of akustiko.


bisa

Borrowed from Malay bisa (“poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”). According to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1860), this is borrowed via Kapampangan. Compare Tausug bisa and Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa). Doublet of birus and virus.

(obsolete) invariable astonishment (used as admiration)

(obsolete, figurative) diligent and hardworking man

(obsolete, by extension) virtue of some herb


kibo

breaking of silence; start of talking (with someone who one has not been with speaking terms with for some time)


pramis

Borrowed from English promise, from Middle English promis, promisse, from Old French promesse, from Medieval Latin prōmissa, Latin prōmissum.

Pramis, di na ako uuwi nang gabing-gabi na. Pramis? Pramis.

Promise, I won't go home late. Do you promise? I promise.

Anong nangyari sa pramis mo?


imis

From Proto-Southern Philippine *himəs (“put away”). Compare Hanunoo imos, Aklanon himos, Cebuano hipos, Waray-Waray himos, and Western Bukidnon Manobo himes.

act of cleaning or tidying up a place (by keeping things in their proper places)


imis

clean and orderly by having been cleared of unnecessary things (of a place)


BMP

Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino
w:Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino

Initialism of Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino.


palagi

[pɐˈlaː.ɣɪʔ]


alalahanin

tl-verb

alalahanin (complete inalalahan, progressive inaaalalahan, contemplative aalalahanin, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

inalalahan (completive)
inaaalalahan (progressive)
aalalahanin (contemplative)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
alalahan (root)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (root)
alalahanin (infinitive)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
inalalahan (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (completive root)
inaalalahan (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (progressive root)
inaalalahan (dialectal progressive root)
aalalahanin (contemplative objective)
ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
aalalahanin (contemplative dialectal objective)
alalahanin (imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
alalahan (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
alalahana (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

alalahanin

alalahanin

inaalalahan
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔
inaalalahan¹
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔

aalalahanin
ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔
aalalahanin¹
 ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔

alalahanin
 ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔
alalahan¹
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔
alalahana¹
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ

Alalahanin mo nung namamasyal kayo sa parke.

Remember when you guys strolled in the park.

Alalahanin mo na hindi lang ikaw ang kakain.

Consider that you're not the only one who will eat.


alalahanin

alalahanín (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


baul

Borrowed from Spanish baúl, from Spanish bahut, from Old French bahur.


kerido

tl-noun

kerido (feminine kerida, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒᜇᜓ)


komunidad

komunidád (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


merkado

Borrowed from Spanish mercado, from Latin mercātus.


kamay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamay, from Proto-Austronesian *kamay (“hand”). Cognate with Amis kamay (“hand”).

something that resembles a human hand (such as hands on a watch)


kamay

accustomed; suited (in operating a tool or task)


miki

Borrowed from Hokkien 麵羹／面羹 (mī-kiⁿ, “noodle soup/broth”).


musika

Borrowed from Spanish música, from Latin mūsica, from Ancient Greek μουσική (τέχνη) (mousikḗ (tékhnē), “(art) of the Muses”).

der

μουσική (τέχνη)


inso

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien [Term?], possibly 引嫂 (ín-só), 姻嫂 (in-só), or 𪜶嫂 (in-só).

sister-in-law (wife of an elder brother)


tansan

tl-noun

tansan or tansán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔)

tansan (canonical)
tansán (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Japanese 炭酸(たんさん) (tansan, “carbonated; carbonic acid”), an ellipsis of 炭酸飲料(たんさんいんりょう) (tansan inryō, “carbonated drink”), a genericized trademark by Clifford-Wilkinson Tansan Mineral Water Co., Ltd. popular in the Philippines in the early 20th century, initially romanized and introduced as "TANSAN" on metal bottlecaps and on English marketing material.

ja-r

bottlecap (especially of soft drink bottles)


awak

overflow or gush of large volumes of water from a container, river or a body of water


Segovia

a surname from Spanish deriving from the city and province in Spain


takas

Pinaalahanan ang nga tao na mag-ingat sa mga takas na preso.

The people are notified to be beware of the escaped prisoners.

escaped (from prison, confinement, etc.)


sesante

"Pag ginawa mo yan, Sigurado, sisante ako.” “Yon naman pala. E, ano pa'ng ginagawa mo rito?" “Wala lang. Gusto ko lang makita ang magiging reaksiyon mosa ibabalita ko.” "Ano naman yon?" “Wala lang, balita ko, ilang araw ka na lang dito ...

fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)

jobless; unemployed (due to being dismissed)


walis

manner in which a place was swept (with a broom)

Sida rhombifolia
Wikispecies:Sida rhombifolia


walis

(obsolete) act of taking a different path (due to not being able to pass through the other path)


budin

Borrowed from Spanish budín, from English pudding, ultimately from Latin botellus. Doublet of puding.

(chiefly Quezon) cassava cake with pudding-like consistency


ubaya

ubayà (canonical)
ubaya (canonical)
ᜂᜊᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊˈbaː.jɐʔ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit उभय (ubháya). Compare baya, Cebuano baya, Malay bahaya, Sanskrit भय (bhayá).

tolerance; respect for another's opinion (no longer used on its own except in derived terms)


plantito

tl-noun

plantito (feminine plantita, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

plantita (feminine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult man who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic


plantita

plantita (masculine plantito, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ)

plantito (masculine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult woman who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic [from 2020]


diyamante

Borrowed from Spanish diamante, from Old French diamant, from Latin adamantem (“hardest steel; diamond”), influenced by δια- (dia-); from Ancient Greek ἀδάμᾱς (adámās, “unconquerable, invincible”).

der

diamond (especially of second-class quality)


inat

inat (canonical)
inát (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈʔiː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


sabo

large group; large flock (of birds or other animals, especially those attracted by a decoy)

attraction of a large group (towards a woman, decoy, etc.)


dungon

tl-noun

dungon or dungón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔)

dungon (canonical)
dungón (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Heritiera littoralis
Wikispecies:Heritiera littoralis

looking-glass mangrove (Heritiera littoralis)


edukado

tl-adj

edukado (feminine edukada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜇᜓ)


alaska

Root word of alaskador (“one who loves to tease people”), with the etymology uncertain. The old meaning may have referred to “someone who always wants to be above others”, coined from the catchphrase of the milk-producing company Alaska, with tagline “Wala pa ring tatalo sa Alaska”, literally, “Still, no one can beat Alaska”. This meaning being associated with boastfulness and condescension made its sense shift to the current meaning.

lit

act of teasing, making fun of, riduculing, or vexing


terorismo

tl-noun

terorismo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


bindito

tl-adj

bindito (feminine bindita, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)


banato

Mallotus philippensis
Mallotus philippensis#Translingual


amerikana

[ʔɐ.mɛ.ɾɪˈxaː.n̪ɐ]


anyo

(philosophy) form (primary essence or nature of things)


anyo

Borrowed from Spanish año (“year”), from Old Spanish anno, from Latin annus.


salatan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan (“south, south wind”). Compare Cebuano salatan, Maranao salatan, Waray-Waray salatan, Malay selatan, Indonesian selatan.


salanta

Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit श्रान्त (śrāntá, “fatigued”).
* From sa- + Sanskrit रण्ड (raṇḍa, “maimed; crippled”).

prefix

condition of being badly damaged or ruined (as by a typhoon)

cripple; infirm; physically disabled person

condition of being physically disabled (of a person)


salanta

badly damaged; completely ruined; devastated (as by a typhoon)


nihilismo

tl-noun

nihilismo (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish nihilismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, rehabilitasyon), derived from Latin nihil + -ismo.


Contreras

tl-proper noun

Contreras (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kon̪ˈt̪ɾɛː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish Contreras. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, principally found in Batangas, Bulacan and Quezon


Sosa

Borrowed from Spanish Sosa, from Portuguese Sousa.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Portuguese]


Zapatero

Borrowed from Spanish Zapatero, from zapatero.


Montoya

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


Bustamante

tl-proper noun

Bustamante (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, derived from the town in Cantabria, Spain.

Bustamante: a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Francisco "Django" Bustamante, Filipino billiard player


Ortega

[ʔoɾˈt̪ɛː.ɣɐ]

From Spanish Ortega. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Ortega, most concentrated in Metro Manila, Bulacan, Laguna, Cavite and Batangas


Romero

Borrowed from Spanish Romero, from Late Latin Rōmaeus, adapted to the suffix -ero; from Byzantine Greek ῥωμαῖος (rhōmaîos, literally “Roman”), name used in the Byzantine Empire for Westerners who crossed to the east on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and on to Rome.
Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

der

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Romero


Fuentes

ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Fuentes. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Cavite and Rizal


Reyes

Borrowed from Spanish Reyes, from reyes, plural of rey (“king”).


Navarro

Borrowed from Spanish Navarro from navarro, demonym of Navarra, from Basque Nafarroa.


Flores

Borrowed from Spanish Flores. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Blanco

Borrowed from Spanish Blanco, from blanco (“white”), originally a nickname for a light-skinned man. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the nickname], common in Metro Manila, Rizal and Cavite


Torres

Borrowed from Spanish Torres. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila and surrounding provinces (Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal


Villanueva

tl-proper noun

Villanueva (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜏᜒᜊ)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜏᜒᜊ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Villanueva.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.
* (municipality): Named after a Mexican general with the surname (full name unknown).

Misamis Oriental
Misamis Oriental#English

Villanueva (a municipality of Misamis Oriental, Philippines)


Vargas

Borrowed from Spanish Vargas, from varga. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Cavite, Quezon, Rizal and Laguna


Muñoz

Muñoz (a city in Nueva Ecija, Philippines)

a surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic]


Aguilar

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León

Borrowed from Spanish Aguilar.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.
* (municipality): Named after Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León, 56th Governor-General of the Philippines.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aguilar, common in Metro Manila, Cavite and Nueva Ecija

Aguilar (a municipality of Pangasinan, Philippines)


Castillo

Borrowed from Spanish Castillo, from castillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Doublet of kastilyo.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Castillo, common in the Philippines, widespread across Tagalog-speaking areas but most concentrated around Metro Manila, Batangas, Laguna, Bulacan and Cavite.

A barangay of Padre Garcia, Batangas, Philippines


Villalobos

Villalobos (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜎᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜎᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Villalobos. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Batangas


Ochoa

[ʔoˈt͡ʃoː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Ochoa, from Basque Otxoa, from otso (“wolf”). Old surname originating in the Basque Country.
Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], equivalent to Spanish Ochoa, mostly concentrated in Metro Manila and Laguna


Ramos

Borrowed from Spanish Ramos, from ramos, plural of ramo (“branch”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Fidel Valdez Ramos

Fidel Ramos (11th President of the Philippines)

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Ramos

Ramos (a municipality of Tarlac, Philippines)


Mendoza

Borrowed from Spanish Mendoza, from Basque Mendoza. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

a common surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], equivalent to Spanish Mendoza, the 5th commonest in the Philippines, widespread across the Tagalog-speaking regions, but most widely concentrated in Batangas, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro provinces


kulto

tl-noun

kulto or kultó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

kulto (canonical)
kultó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

religious worship, ceremony, or service (especially non-Catholic services)


biko

Borrowed from Hokkien 米糕 (bí-ko, “rice cake”).


bonete

Borrowed from Spanish bonete, from French bonnet.

(colloquial) anything resembling a bonnet (hat) in shape or use


alulod

rain gutter; water trough (usually under an eave or along the lower edge of a roof)


sentral

sentrál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


dukado

Sa isang dukado ng Albanyang s'yudad, doon ko nakita ang unang liwanag, yaring katauha'y utang kong tinanggap, sa Duke Briseo na ama kong liyag!

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya:


Kenji

tl-proper noun

Kenji or Kenjì (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)

Kenji (canonical)
Kenjì (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˈkɛn̪.d͡ʒɪ]

[ˈkɛn̪.d͡ʒɪʔ]

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese けんじ (Kenji).


Hong

Borrowed from Mandarin 洪 (Hóng). Doublet of Ang and Hung.

a Chinese Filipino surname from Mandarin


Hisashi

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese ひさし (Hisashi).


laang

tlb

(dialectal, Bataan, Bulacan, Rizal, Southern Tagalog)


panara

From pan- + sara, literally “material for closing something up” with nasal assimilation.


panara

[pɐˈn̪aː.ɾɐ]

Clipping of Early Modern Spanish empanada. Doublet of empanada.


moryon

someone who makes a vow during Holy Week in Marinduque who wears a painted mask and a Roman costume

(mineralogy) morion (mineral); smoky quartz


sugal

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugar (“to play”). Doublet of huwego.


baang

Mahabang lubha ang baang mo.


Zenaida

[zɛˈn̪aɪ̯.d̪ɐ]

[sɛˈn̪aɪ̯.d̪ɐ]


suro

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suduq (“spoon; ladle”). Compare Bikol Central suro, Tausug suru', and Malay sudu.


Midori

[mɪˈd̪oː.ɾɪ]


Magno

Borrowed from Spanish Magno, from magno (“great”), from Latin magnus.

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by


korse

Borrowed from Spanish corsé (“corset”), from French corset.


Cadiz

Borrowed from Spanish Cádiz. The city in Negros Occidental is named after the city in Andalusia, Spain.

Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental#English

Cadiz (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)

Cadiz (a city, the provincial capital of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain)


anasan

[ˌʔaːˈn̪aː.sɐn̪]


Wee

Borrowed from English Wee, from Hokkien 黃／黄 (Ûiⁿ) or 魏 (Gūi). Doublet of Ng, Uy, Wong, Hwang, and Huang.


eskrima

Borrowed from Spanish esgrima (“fencing”), with the /ɡ/ devoiced following an unvoiced consonant /s/, from Italian scrima, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmijan.

bor+

eskrima (national martial art of the Philippines)


siki

in a tight or embarrassing situation; driven into a corner


siki

overcrowdedness; lack of space (causing inability to move freely)

inability to move freely due to getting close to someone


pinakbet

pinakbét (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜃ᜔ᜊᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Ilocano pinakbet (“vegetable dish”), contracted form of pinakebbet (“shrunk; shriveled”), from pa- + kebbet + -in-. The dish is made of vegetables that shrink and wrinkle when cooked.


Ma

a Chinese Filipino surname from Cantonese


kompromiso

tl-noun

kompromiso (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish compromiso, from Latin comprōmissum.

obligation; responsibility; pledge; commitment


arkitekto

arkitekto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish arquitecto (“architect”), from Latin architectus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn).


-nin

tl-verb

-nin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

talo (“defeat”) + -nin → talunin (“(transitive) to defeat”)

kuha (“take”) + -nin → kunin (“(transitive) to get”)


anakronismo

tl-noun

anakronismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish anacronismo, from New Latin anachronismus, from Ancient Greek ἀναχρονισμός (anakhronismós).

der

ἀναχρονισμός


nuno

Compare Kapampangan nunu and Malay nenek.


nuno

(folklore, mythology) goblin in Philippine folklore believed to live in anthills


yasak

crushed or destroyed by passersby (of plants in a field or farm)


yasak

act or manner of destroying plants in a field or farm by trampling or passing through it


katsot

[kɐˈt͡ʃot̪̚]


tabletas

Borrowed from Spanish tabletas, plural of tableta (“tablet”).


Isa

Borrowed from Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā). Compare Tausug Īsa and Malay Isa.


kaagaw

[kɐˈʔaː.ɣaʊ̯]

Si Pedro ang kaagaw niya.


lablab

noisy manner of hurried eating (as of dogs and pigs)


lablab

roasting on an open fire (of meat, fish, etc.)


lablab

roasted over an open fire (of meat, fish, etc.)


tanim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm (“to plant”), from Proto-Austronesian *CaNəm (“to plant, to bury”). Compare Aklanon tanom, Bikol Central tanom, Cebuano tanom, Chamorro tanom, Hawaiian kanu (“to bury; to plant”), Kapampangan tanam, Malay tanam, Samoan tanu (“to bury”), and Tausug tanum.
Compare Japanese 種(たね) (tane, “seed”).

inh

(figurative) act of harboring a grudge or ill feeling


tanim

planted by someone (of a plant, as opposed to a plant that sprouted on its own)


Bong

From Spanish Bonito + -ng. Spanish bonito is a diminutive of Spanish bueno (“good”).

a diminutive of the male given names Bonito or Bonifacio


naturalesa

[n̪ɐ.t̪ʊ.ɾɐˈlɛː.sɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish naturaleza (“nature”).

bor+

nature (innate characteristics of a person)


giba

From Proto-Philippine *ʀəbaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀəbaq. Compare Ilocano rebba, Pangasinan geba, Bikol Central gaba, Cebuano guba, Waray-Waray guba, Agusan Manobo goba, and Malay rebah.


giba

demolished; fallen down; destroyed; wrecked


hunos

tl-noun

hunos or hunós (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

hunos (canonical)
hunós (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hunus / *huñus, from Proto-Austronesian *SuNus. Compare Malay hunus.

shedding; molting (of reptiles and crustaceans)

(obsolete) act of picking out something placed among other


hunos

From Proto-Philippine *húnus. Compare Ilocano unos.

contribution or levy for support (of an institution)


sapatos

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”). Doublet of patos.

Ano ang kulay ng iyong sapatos?


suporta

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English support. See also Spanish soporte.

pseudo-loan

support for someone's stand or proposition


sibo

attack by a large fish on a shoal of small fish


operasyon

tl-noun

operasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

operasyón (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish operación, from Latin operātiō.

operation (manner of functioning of a machine)

state of being operative, predominant, or prevalent

management; administration (of business)

(surgery) operation (surgical procedure)

(computing, logic, mathematics) operation (generating a value from one or more other values)

(military) operation (military campaign)


imik

act of starting conversation with whom one has not been on speaking terms for sometime


Tunay

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Laguna and Palawan


ingkong

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引公 (ín-kong), recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as "ìncóng", or 咉公 (ńg-kong). Compare Indonesian engkong.


neutralidad

neutralidád (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

neutralidád (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɲʊ.t̪ɾɐ.lɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


sepulturero

sepulturero (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


Mahoma

Borrowed from Spanish Mahoma, from Andalusian Arabic مَحُمَّدْ (“Maḥummad”), ultimately deriving from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “praised, commendable, laudable”).


tsugi

Supposedly onomatopoeic from the sound of a knife stab. See also Japanese 次(つぎ) (tsugi, literally “next”).

(slang) fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)


pinya

tl-noun

pinyá or pinya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ)

pinyá (canonical)
pinya (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish piña, from Latin pīnea.


segurado

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish segurado, shortened from Spanish asegurado, from asegurar. Doublet of sigurado.


mema

From blend of may + ma-, as in may masabi lang (“just to say something”) or may magawa lang (“just to do something”).

Magpasa ka ng sanaysay kahit mema lang.

having a quality barely thought or efforted upon; so-so


insidente

insidente (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


lababo

Borrowed from Spanish lavabo (“washbasin”), from Latin lavābō.


labis

Sa buhay ko'y labis / Ang hirap at pasakit

1938, Mike Velarde Jr. (lyrics and music), “Dahil sa Iyo”:

In my life, there is too much hardship and torment


senyora

tl-noun

senyora (masculine senyor, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ)

(archaic) term of endearment for one's wife

(derogatory, colloquial) woman that hates work; undesirable mistress


pumili

ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
pili (root)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (root)
actor (focus)
kapipili (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ (completive formal past past-recent)
pumili (formal imperative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (formal imperative)
pili (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (formal imperative)
kakapili (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜒᜎᜒ (completive informal past past-recent)
pumili (imperative informal)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (imperative informal)
pili (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

pumili

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ
pungmili¹
ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜎᜒ

pumipili
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
pungmipili¹
 ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
napili²
ᜈ ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

pipili
 ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
mapili²
ᜋ ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ
pili²
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


senyor

tl-noun

senyór (feminine senyora, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔)

senyór (canonical)
senyora (feminine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish señor, from Old Spanish sennor (“lord”), from Vulgar Latin *senjor (“master, elder, lord, nobleman”), from Latin seniōrem (“elder”).

der

(derogatory, colloquial) false gentleman


ambigat

[ʔɐm.bɪˈɣat̪̚]


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


Kano

tl-noun

Kanô (feminine Kana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜓ)

tlb

(slang, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur)

Kanô (canonical)
Kana (feminine)
ᜃᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

... SA CLARK HELD" Kakailanganing mahigit na 30 "bababuyingdamo" sapaligid ng mga kampo rito ng mga Kano upang magi- sing sa katotohanang ang mga Pilipino na may nalalabi pang pagkamakabay an sa kanilang diwa't damdamin.

Nang masakop daw ng Amerika ang Pilipinas, sabi ni Judge Proto, ang pagtatag ng mga eskwela publika* ang isa sa mga unang bagay na sinikap ng mga Kano. Sa Maynila unang nagbu— kas ng mga paaralan ang mga Aınerikano at saka ...

1968, Jean Donald Bowen, Babasahing Panggitnang Baytang Sa Tagalog, University of California Press, page 171:

Ang panahon ay nagsisimula sa World War II, sa pakikipagtulungan ng mga Kano sa mga kaalyado nito laban sa mga pasistang Aleman at Hapon ( nabanggit ang Philippines). Magpapatuloy ang kuwento sa iba't ibang lugar ng giyera — sa ...

A male American; a male person from the United States

an ethnic white or caucasian-looking foreigner, usually of European descent with light-coloured skin, especially from the United States or by extension, Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or etc.


hawi

act of pushing away to clear up a passage (of tall grass, weeds, people, etc.)

path made by pushing away to clear up a passage

line formed by combing hair in opposite directions

act of opening curtains by pushing or pulling them to one side


hawi

pushed aside to clear up a passage (of tall grass, weeds, people, etc.)


bida

Borrowed from Spanish vida (“life”) with semantic shift. Doublet of bira.

protagonist; main character (of a story)


hita

Compare Bikol Central hita (“groin”), Cebuano hita (“groin”), and Kapampangan ita.


hita

unsatisfactory result; disappointing gain or advantage (from a well-intentioned act)


pornograpiya

tl-noun

pornograpiya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ)

ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Tatalakayin ng sanaysay na ito ang inaakala kong di-pantay na pagtutumbas sa konsepto ng sining at konsepto ng pornograpiya — na ang mga ito ay nagkakaroon lamang ng katumbasan kung pumapaloob sa diskusyon ngburgis na civil ...

2001, Roland B. Tolentino, Sa loob at labas ng mall kong sawi kaliluha'y siyang nangyayaring hari: ang pagkatuto at pagtatanghal ng kulturang popular:

mga bagay tulad ng pornograpiya sa isang nag-iisip o thinking soeiety. Kaya nga , sa aking palagay, hindi makatarungan ang pagpoposisyon sa sining bilang kabiyak ng pornograpiya. Ang usapin ng produksyon ng sining ay usapin ng ...

2004, Rolando B. Tolentino, Si Darna, ang mahal na Birhen ng Peñafrancia, at si Pepsi Paloma, →ISBN:

Sa bill ni Nikki laban sa pornograpiya, ang porno ay krimen sa karapatang-tao ng kababaihan. Si Nikki rin ang nagsampa ng dalawang panukalang-batas para ikonscrba ang kalikasan o pagbabalanse ng mundo. Iminungkahi niya ang ...


daig

From Proto-Philippine *daʔəg (“to win/defeat”). Compare Ilocano daeg, Pangasinan daeg, Kapampangan deg, Asi raog, Bikol Central daog, Cebuano daog, Western Bukidnon Manobo daag, Maranao rag, and Tausug daug.


daig

surpassing; excelling (over something or someone)


daig

[ˈd̪aː.ʔɪɡ̚]

live embers covered with ash or rice husk (to prevent them from dying out)


namnam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamñam, from Proto-Austronesian *ñamñam (“tasty, delicious”). Compare Ilocano nanam, Maranao ta'am, Tausug namnam, and Malay nyamnyam.


kibla

Ang kibla ng mga Muslim ay ang Kaaba na itinayo ng ama ng mga Propeta na si Ibrahim.

The qibla of the Muslims is the Kaaba which was built by the father of Prophets who is Ibrahim.

qibla (direction in which Muslims face while praying)


Zhang

Borrowed from Mandarin 張／张 (Zhāng). Doublet of Tiu.


untos

decrease; diminution; lessening (of intensity)


araro

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish arado. Compare Cebuano daro.


loob

now dialectal, Batangas, Mindoro, Quezon, alternative

From Proto-Philippine *luqub (“inside area, estuary”). Compare Ilocano luob, Pangasinan loob, Sambali loob, Kapampangan lub, Bikol Central luob, and Cebuano luob.

inh

ang taong walang kibo, nasa loob ang kulo

(obsolete) bowels; core; essence (used in expressions)

Magloloob ka ng gayon?

Hindi ko loob iyan.


adorador

adoradór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪o.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish adorador (“adorer”), from Latin adōrātōrem.


inay

Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay.


katekista

Borrowed from Spanish catequista, from Late Latin catēchista, from Ancient Greek κατηχιστής (katēkhistḗs, “oral instructor”).


krisma

Borrowed from Spanish crisma, from Late Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing; unction”).


hambo

Possibly related to Sanskrit अम्बु (ambu, “water”).


tse

Onomatopoeic from the sound of spitting. See also English ptui. Also possibly from clipping of letse, from Spanish leche (“milk; semen”, euphemism), according to Zorc (1993).

exclamation of irritation, disgust, contempt, or rejection


tse

(historical) Alternative spelling of che


lamesa

Borrowed from Spanish la mesa (“the table”). Compare lagwerta, lakwatsa, lamyerda, and lawulta.

bor+

¿Saán itinatágo mo yaóng librong ibinigáy co sa iyo? iniuan co sa báhay, doón inilagay co sa ibábao nang lamesa;

1878, Toribio Minguella y Arnedo, Ensayo de gramatica hispano-tagala, page 119:

Where did you hide that book that I gave you? I left it at home, there I put it on the table.


matso

Borrowed from Spanish macho, from Vulgar Latin masclus, contracted form of Latin masculus (“male”).

(mechanics) male part of any mechanical or electrical contrivance


-ay

tl-noun

-ay (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜌ᜔)

female equivalent of -oy: used to form diminutive forms of feminine nouns and female given names


moske

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English mosque, from French mosquée, from Italian moschea, from Spanish mezquita. Doublet of meskita.


barera

Borrowed from Spanish barrera (“barrier”).


hira

Borrowed from Spanish girar (“to turn”).

confused; puzzled; perplexed; distracted


hira

sudden distraction or confusion of the mind


hira

(meteorology) decrease in water; subsidence of a flood


Henson

Possibly from Hokkien 玄孫／玄孙 (hiân-sun, “great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Henson. Compare Tagalog Guanzon.

der

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


tamburin

tamburín (canonical)
ᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English tambourine, but several source indicate it to be from Spanish tamborín.


eskolar

Borrowed from Spanish escolar, from Late Latin scholāris, from Latin schola. Doublet of iskolar.

scholar (learned or knowledgeable person)


hilis

act of pressing out with the fingers (as of the contents of a tube, intestine, etc.)

small cut or slice shaped like a parallelogram (or with two slanting sides)


inuman

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.mɐn̪]

From inom + -an. Compare Cebuano imnan and Tausug inuman.

place for drinking alcoholic drinks (such as a bar)


inuman

tl-verb

inumán (complete ininuman, progressive iniinuman, contemplative iinuman, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

inumán (canonical)
ininuman (completive)
iniinuman (progressive)
iinuman (contemplative)
ᜁᜈᜓᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
inom (root)
uminom (infinitive root trigger-actor)
uminom (completive root trigger-actor)
umiinom (progressive trigger-actor)
nainom (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
iinom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mainom (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kaiinom (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
inumin (infinitive root trigger-object)
ininom (completive root trigger-object)
iniinom (progressive trigger-object)
inainom (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
iinumin (contemplative trigger-object)
ainumin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
inuman (directional infinitive root)
ininuman (completive directional root)
iniinuman (directional progressive)
inainuman (dialectal directional progressive)
iinuman (contemplative directional)
ainuman (contemplative dialectal directional)
pag-inuman (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinag-inuman (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
pinag-iinuman (progressive trigger-locative)
papag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
pag-iinuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
iinom (benefactive infinitive root)
iniinom (benefactive completive root)
iniiinom (benefactive progressive)
iiinom (benefactive contemplative)
ipang-inom (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinang-inom (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapang-inom (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapang-inom (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikainom (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinainom (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinaiinom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakainom (progressive trigger-causative)
ikaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
iinom (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
iniinom (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
iniiinom (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
iiinom (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
iinom (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
iniinom (completive root trigger-measurement)
iniiinom (progressive trigger-measurement)
iiinom (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpainom (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapainom (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapaiinom (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
painumin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinainom (actor-secondary completive)
pinaiinom (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapainom (actor-secondary progressive)
paiinumin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papainumin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipainom (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinainom (completive trigger-object)
ipinaiinom (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapainom (progressive trigger-object)
ipaiinom (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapainom (contemplative trigger-object)
painuman (directional infinitive)
pinainuman (completive directional)
pinapainuman (directional progressive)
pinaiinuman (directional progressive)
papainuman (contemplative directional)
paiinuman (contemplative directional)
ipagpainom (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpainom (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapainom (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpainom (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapainom (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpainom (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpainuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpainuman (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapaiinuman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpainuman (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapaiinuman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpainuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-inuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapag-inuman (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
papapag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakainom (completive trigger-actor)
nakaiinom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakainom (progressive trigger-actor)
makaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
napainom (completive trigger-actor)
napaiinom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapainom (progressive trigger-actor)
mapaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mainom (infinitive trigger-object)
nainom (completive trigger-object)
naiinom (progressive trigger-object)
maiinom (contemplative trigger-object)
mainuman (directional infinitive)
nainuman (completive directional)
naiinuman (directional progressive)
maiinuman (contemplative directional)
maiinom (benefactive infinitive)
naiinom (benefactive completive)
naiiinom (benefactive progressive)
maiiinom (benefactive contemplative)
maikainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikainom (completive trigger-causative)
naikaiinom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naikaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiinom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naiinom (completive trigger-causative)
naiiinom (progressive trigger-causative)
maiiinom (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapag-inoman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napag-inoman (completive trigger-locative)
napag-iinoman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapag-inoman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapag-iinoman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapag-inoman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpainom (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpainom (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapainom (actor-secondary infinitive)
napainom (actor-secondary completive)
napaiinom (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapainom (actor-secondary progressive)
mapaiinom (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapainom (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipainom (infinitive trigger-object)
naipainom (completive trigger-object)
naipaiinom (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapainom (progressive trigger-object)
naiipainom (progressive trigger-object)
maipaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapainom (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipainom (contemplative trigger-object)
mapainuman (directional infinitive)
napainuman (completive directional)
napaiinuman (directional formal progressive)
napapainuman (directional progressive)
mapaiinuman (contemplative directional formal)
mapapainuman (contemplative directional)
maipagpainom (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpainom (benefactive completive)
naipagpapainom (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpainom (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpainom (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapainom (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpainom (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpainuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpainuman (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapaiinuman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpainuman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapaiinuman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpainuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-inuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapag-inuman (completive trigger-locative)
napapapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makiinom (direct infinitive)
nakiinom (completive direct)
nakikiinom (direct progressive)
makikiinom (contemplative direct)
makipagpainom (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpainom (completive indirect)
nakikipagpainom (indirect progressive)
makikipagpainom (contemplative indirect)

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.mɐn̪]

to use for drinking (as of a glass, mug, cup, etc.)


pumila

pumila (complete pumila, progressive pumipila, contemplative pipila, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ)

pumila (completive)
pumipila (progressive)
pipila (contemplative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
pila (root)
ᜉᜒᜎ (root)
actor (focus)
kapipila (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎ (completive formal past past-recent)
pumila (formal imperative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (formal imperative)
pila (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜉᜒᜎ (formal imperative)
kakapila (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜒᜎ (completive informal past past-recent)
pumila (imperative informal)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (imperative informal)
pila (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜉᜒᜎ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

pumila

pumipila
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎ
pungmipila¹
 ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎ
napila²
ᜈ ᜉᜒᜎ


espinaka

Kung ihahambing sa espinaka, ang nori ay 8 ulit na mas maraming bitamina A, 9 ulit na dami ng bitamina B1, 15 ulit na mas maraming bitamina B2, at 1.5 ulit na mas maraming bitamina C.

1990 January 22, “Ito’y Tinatawag ng Iba na Damo — Gumising! 1990”, in Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY, archived from the original on 2020-03-02:

If compared to spinach, nori has 8 times more vitamin A, 9 times more vitamin B1, 15 times more vitamin B2, and 1.5 times more vitamin C.


luko

Alternative form of loko: a type of container (similar to the balaong)


Ama

(Christianity) Father (God, the father of Creation)

sa ngalan ng Ama, ng Anak, at ng Espiritu Santo

in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit

(Christianity) Ellipsis of Diyos Ama: God the Father


dikin

pot support (usually circular and made of braided rattan or bamboo splits)


hinga

(colloquial) act of venting one's hurt feelings, etc.


Pinay

tl-noun

Pináy (masculine Pinoy, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜌ᜔)

Pináy (canonical)
Pinoy (masculine)
ᜉᜒᜈᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From clipping of Pilipina (“Filipina”) + -ay (“diminutive suffix”).

suffix

(informal) a Filipina; a citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines, and those descending from such, who is female


anod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud. Compare Kapampangan aniud, Bikol Central anod, Cebuano anod, Maori mānu, and Malay hanyut.


sapait

[sɐˈpaː.ʔɪt̪̚]


simbahan

From simba + -han. Compare Bikol Central simbahan, Buhi'non Bikol simbaan, Cebuano simbahan, Ilocano simbaan, Iriga Bicolano simbaan, Libon Bikol simbaan, Miraya Bikol simban, Waray-Waray singbahan.

Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay.

Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw


simbahan

tl-verb

simbahán (complete sinimbahan, progressive sinisimbahan, contemplative sisimbahan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜈ᜔)

simbahán (canonical)
sinimbahan (completive)
sinisimbahan (progressive)
sisimbahan (contemplative)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
simba (root)
simbahan (infinitive)
sinimbahan (completive root)
sinisimbahan (progressive root)
inasimbahan (dialectal progressive root)
sisimbahan (contemplative objective)
asimbahan (contemplative dialectal objective)
simbahi (dialectal imperative objective)

simbahan

to be attended a Mass in (of a specific church)


Katolika

Borrowed from Spanish católica (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).

der

relihiyong Katolika
Catholic religion

pananampalatayang Katolika

Catholic (only used in certain compounds)


kawi

revealing of an accomplice more than what is necessary


kawi

Possibly from Javanese ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi, “poet”), from Old Javanese kawi (“poet”), from Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “poet”). Compare Indonesian kawi.

Kawian mo siyang pakiusapan.

jargon (for two people especially when they do not want to be understood by others)


Negrito

[n̪ɛˈɡɾiː.t̪o]

Negrito (a member of a class of several ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of the Philippines, such as the Aeta people, or by extension, Southeast Asia)


soro

tl-noun

soro (feminine sora, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜇᜓ)


aray

From Proto-Philippine *aray, or from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq, from Proto-Austronesian *aduq. Compare Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.

ouch (an expression of one's own physical pain)


madamo

tl-adj

madamó (plural madadamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜓ)

madamó (canonical)
madadamo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
madamo (positive singular)
madadamo (plural positive)
damo (positive root)
mas madamo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madadamo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madamo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madadamo (comparative inferior plural)
kasindamo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadamo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadadamo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadamo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadadamo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadamo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadamo-damo (absolute equal plural superlative)


gaya

Gaya ng pusa ko ang pusa mo.


taguan

[t̪ɐ.ɣʊˈʔan̪]

[t̪ɐˈɣuː.ʔɐn̪]

hideout; hiding place (of kids, criminals, etc.)


taguan

tl-verb

taguan (complete tinaguan, progressive tinataguan, contemplative tataguan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

tinaguan (completive)
tinataguan (progressive)
tataguan (contemplative)
ᜆᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tago (root)
taguan (infinitive)
tinaguan (completive root)
tinataguan (progressive root)
inataguan (dialectal progressive root)
tataguan (contemplative objective)
ataguan (contemplative dialectal objective)
tagui (dialectal imperative objective)

taguan

[t̪ɐ.ɣʊˈʔan̪]

[t̪ɐˈɣuː.ʔɐn̪]

to use for hiding or keeping something (of a place)


imperdible

tl-noun

imperdible (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


meyor

Borrowed from English mayor, from Middle English maire, from Old French maire, from Latin maior. Doublet of mayor and medyor.

Coordinate term: mayora


utilitarismo

utilitarismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


milokoton

milokoton (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bignay

Antidesma bunius
Wikispecies:Antidesma bunius


dalandan

From a corruption of Spanish naranjal (“orange grove”).

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

generic term for some local varieties of oranges such as dalanghita and sintunis


narangha

[n̪ɐˈɾaŋ.hɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish naranja (“orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Persian نارنگ (nârang), ultimately from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”).

der

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual


dalanghita

From corruption of Spanish naranjita, diminutive of naranja (“orange”). Compare Pangasinan laranghita, Kapampangan dalangita, Bikol Central aranghita, and Cebuano naranghita.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

a Philippine variety of mandarin orange with green skin (Citrus reticulata)


tiyesa

Borrowed from Spanish tiesa. Compare Cebuano tisa.

Pouteria campechiana (an evergreen tree introduced from Mexico and Central America)


aprikot

áprikót (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English apricot via a spelling pronunciation.


alpay

tl-noun

alpáy or alpay (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔)

alpáy (canonical)
alpay (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


makopa

From Proto-Philippine *makúpa (“mountain apple”). Compare Malay kopah (“blood clot”).


tsiko

Borrowed from Spanish chicozapote (through a regional abbreviation), from Classical Nahuatl xicotzapotl.

Para sa kagaling̃an ng̃ bayan, ay dapat magtanim ng̃ mg̃a punòng kahoy, gaya ng̃ mangga, niyog, sinigwelas, tsiko, at akasiya, sa mg̃a gilid ng̃ daán, upang may mapang̃anlung̃an sa init ng̃ araw ang mg̃a naglalakád, lalònglalò na ang mg̃a batàng papasok sa paaralan.

1916, Patnubay ng̃ bayan, Volume 2, Issue 13:

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota#Translingual

sapodilla; Manilkara zapota (tree and fruit)


tsiko

tl-noun

tsiko (feminine tsika, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish chico (“boy; kid”).


suha

From Proto-Philippine *suhaq (“pomelo”). However, according to Fr. San Buena Ventura (1613), the word came from a Visayan source. Compare Ilocano sua, Dupaningan Agta suwa, Kapampangan sua, Bikol Central suwa, Cebuano suwa, and Tausug suwaꞌ gadja.


lansones

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish lanzones, lanzón (“lanzon”), from Malay langsat. The spelling was patterned after Spanish lanzones, plural of Spanish lanzón (“short, thick spear”), possibly because the borrowed term from Malay was heard as a variant of Spanish lanza (“lance”) and the leaves of the tree somehow resemble a lance. Compare Thai ลางสาด (laang-sàat), Javanese ꦭꦁꦱꦼꦧ꧀ (langseb), and Mandarin 榔色 (láng sè) and Hokkien 蘭撒／兰撒 (lân-sat).

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual


balimbing

balimbíng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

→ Spanish: balimbín

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋbiŋ. Compare Bikol Central balimbing, Tausug baymbing, and Malay belimbing.

Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambola#Translingual

Naghahanap si Kusyong napaglilihian ng kanyang asawa—isang balimbing. Nakita ngayon si Buyok na nagpayo sa kanyang pumunta sa Kongreso dahil maraming balimbing doon. Sa palagay kaya ninyo, naniniwala si Kusyo na may ...

year unknown, Kawil Iv' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 29

(politics, figurative, slang) traitor; turncoat


tsampoy

tsampóy (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t͡ʃɐmˈpoɪ̯]

Borrowed from Cantonese 陳皮梅／陈皮梅 (can⁴ pei⁴ mui⁴⁻²), introduced as a genericized trademark romanized as "CHAN PUI MUI" as printed on preserved prune packaging. Compare English champoy.

sweetened or salted preserved yangmei (or other fruit)


guyabano

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish guayábano (“soursop”), as in Spanish guanábano (“soursop tree”) with possible influence from Spanish guayaba (“guava”), from Taíno wanaban.

Annona muricata
Annona muricata#Translingual

soursop; Annona muricata (tree or fruit)


sayote

Borrowed from Spanish chayote, from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.


atis

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish ates, plural of ate (“quince jelly”) of Nahuatl origin, according to Cuadrado Muñiz (1972). In addition, Blust (2023) stated that the fruit was a native of tropical America, and introduced into Southeast Asia sometime during the 16ᵗʰ century.
Compare Ilocano atis, Kapampangan anatis, Bikol Central atis, and Cebuano atis. See also Nepali आँट (ā̃ṭ).

Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa#Translingual


nangka

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

Alternative form of langka (“jackfruit”) (Artocarpus heterophyllus)


sinigwelas

tl-noun

sinigwelas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜐ᜔)

ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ciruelas, plural of ciruela, which together with the variant cirgüela is used in some places in Latin America to refer to mombins. Doublet of sirwelas.

Spondias purpurea
Wikispecies:Spondias purpurea

mombin (fruit of the Spondias purpurea tree)


kalamansi

kalamansî (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜋᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

→ Cebuano: kalamansi

→ English: calamansi

desctree

→ Ilocano: kalamansi
→ Ibanag: kalamansi

→ Kapampangan: kalamansi

→ Yogad: kalamansi

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis#Translingual

calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, Citrofortunella mitis)


mansanas

Borrowed from Spanish manzanas, plural form of manzana, from earlier mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna, ellipsis of māla mattiāna, plural of Latin mālum mattiānum (literally “apple of Matius”), referring to a kind of apple.


saging

From Proto-Southern Philippine *ságiŋ (“banana”). Compare Kapampangan sagin, Cebuano saging, Hiligaynon saging, Maguindanao sagin, Maranao saging, Tausug sayng, and Waray-Waray saging. See also Ilocano suring.


langka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(ŋ)ka. Compare Cebuano nangka, Ilocano anangka, Kapampangan yangka, and Malay nangka.


manggustin

tl-noun

manggustin (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


selos

Borrowed from Spanish celos (“jealousy”). Compare English zealous.


takoyaki

Borrowed from Japanese 蛸焼(たこや)き (takoyaki).

Nakatikim ka na ba ng tigdalawang pisong takoyaki?
Have you already tasted takoyaki worth two pesos?


tawag

[ˈt̪aː.wɐɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaʀ. Compare Casiguran Dumagat Agta tawah, Ibaloi tawal, Cebuano tawag, and Tausug tawag.

act of calling someone (by name or by signalling)

act of calling on the telephone, telegram, etc.

May tawag ka.

Ano'ng tawag dito?

term; identifying name; what something is called

banns (announcement of a forthcoming marriage)

doctor's call or visit (especially on request by someone)

(cockfighting) announcement of the rate of betting (as by a tahor or a kristo)


tsa

Ultimately from Chinese, either through:
* Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴), possibly via Macau Portuguese chá and next via Philippine Spanish cha as recorded in Abella (1874).
* Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 茶 (chʻa²) according to Manuel (1948)
The sense "gossip" is a semantic loan from English tea (“information; gossip”) as in spill the tea.

semantic loan

Anong tsa, mare?

(slang) tea (information, especially gossip)


lalo

more; surpassingly; much; to a greater degree


baduy

Baduy daw ang magsalita ng Tagalog.

They say it's not cool to speak Tagalog.

(slang) uncool; lame; unfashionable; in poor taste; out of style

(slang) unkempt; with sloppy clothing (of someone)


sipsip

From Proto-Austronesian *sipsip. Compare Bikol Central supsop and Cebuano supsop. Doublet of supsop.

sip; sipping; sucking (of liquid through one's mouth)

Pero nangyayari iyong kahit ipaalam ng bos na gusto niya ng mas pantay-pantay na pakikitunguhan at tawagan at kalimutan na ang herarkiya kung maayos din lang ang pagsasamahan at ang takbo ng trabaho sa opisina, hindi nawawala ang mga sipsip sa opisina.

But it happened, even after the boss acknowledges that he wants a fairer approach and titles and wants to forget the hierarchy, where if the relations and the work pace in the office is always good, suck-ups will never disappear in the office.

(colloquial) suck-up; kiss-up; brown noser; sycophant


sipsip

fond of sucking up; sycophantic; fawning; seeking favor through flattery


urali

[ʔʊˈɾaː.lɪʔ]


bulubundukin

tl-noun

bulubundukin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Possibly from Proto-Philippine *bulú(dj) (“mountain”) + bundok + -in (see burol), or from a reduplication of bundok + -in with the first syllable undergoing consonant shifts (compare reduplication in Bikol Central aro-aldaw).

suf

reduplication of <i class="Latn mention" lang="tl">bundok</i>


bulubundukin

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


regularidad

tl-noun

regularidád (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

regularidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ɣʊ.lɐ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


hipag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ (cf. Bikol Central hipag, Indonesian ipar, Malay ipar (“in-law”), Mansaka ipag, and Maranao ipag (“sibling-in-law”)).


banat

(colloquial, figurative) harsh words; sharp retort; verbal jab


sintas

Borrowed from Spanish cintas, plural of cinta (“ribbon”).


sinta

Borrowed from Malay cinta, from Sanskrit चिन्ता (cintā).

love (between man and woman, but also man for God, for country, etc.)

standing on one's hind legs (of a horse, dog, etc.)


gulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guru (“noise, tumult”). Compare Malay guroh (“thunder; rumble”).


gulo

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुलिका (gulikā, “globule”). Compare Malay geliga (“bezoar; a kind of philosopher's stone that can suck poison out of a wound”).

cog

amulet good for courtship and lovemaking


gulo

Ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). Doublet of guro.

act of learning by imitation (like a disciple to a master)


kurba

act of changing direction; turning to one side (in driving)


bakaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakəhaw (“mangrove”). Compare Cebuano bakhaw, Tausug bakkaw, and Malay bakau.

loop-root mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata)

Utania racemosa (a species of flowering plant used as snake bite antidote)


bakaw

bakaw (canonical)
bakáw (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)


Santos

Borrowed from Spanish santos (“saints”) (plural of santo).

a Christian surname from Spanish, commonly adopted by early Christian Filipinos


borlas

Borrowed from Spanish borlas (“tassels”), plural of borla.


soplete

Bumubuga ng apoy ang soplete.


ading

Borrowed from Ilocano ading. See also Ilocano adi.

term of address for a younger person of the same generation as the speaker


adulador

aduladór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ʊ.lɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish adulador, from Latin adūlātōrem.


bigla

Compare Kapampangan bigka and Karao bigla.


Quintos

Borrowed from Spanish, from quintos (plural of quinto).


payo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payu (“agreement, consensus; harmony”). Compare Javanese ꦥꦪꦸ (payu), and Malay payu.


lumot

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut. Compare Aklanon eumot, Fijian lumi, Hawaiian limu, Ivatan xomot, Javanese ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧀ (lumut), Kapampangan lumut, Maguindanao ulamut, Malay lumut, Mansaka lomot, Maori rimu, Tausug lumut, and Yami omot.


banting

(nautical) stretched rope or cable of a ship

martingale (piece of harness used on a horse)


dahan

ang lakad na marahan, matinik ma'y mababaw

slowness; moderation (of movement or action)

control; moderation (as in drinking, etc.)


batang

(dialectal, Marinduque) log (piece of wood)


pirot

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pi(n)zit (“squeeze between thumb and finger”). Doublet of pindot.

inh+

act of pinching and twisting with fingers (e.g. a moustache)


beisbol

ᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


hiwa

From Proto-Philippine *hiwaq. Compare Kapampangan iua. Doublet of iwa.


betis

betis, a threatened species of tree with hard wood that can be made as planks (Madhuca betis)


ungot

mumbling or whining request or complaint (especially by children)


arogante

[ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


kuping

irregularly shaped; twisted out of shape (of ears)


kuping

condition of being irregularly shaped or twisted out of shape (of ears)


panderetas

tl-noun

panderetas (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆᜐ᜔)

ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐn̪.d̪ɛˈɾɛː.t̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish panderetas, plural form of pandereta (“tambourine”).


danum

Borrowed from Kapampangan danum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


ulam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulam (“side dish”). See also Malay ulam.

inh

Ano ang ulam natin ngayon?

What food (that accompanies rice) do we have today?

rice topping; viand (dish eaten with rice, such as meat, fish, vegetables, etc.)


abilo

Garuga floribunda
Wikispecies:Garuga floribunda


taytay

[t̪aɪ̯ˈt̪aɪ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay. Compare Cebuano taytay, Kapampangan tete, Sambali taytay, and Malay titi.


Hari

Coordinate term: Reyna

Haring Felipe

honorific used before the name of a king: King


takot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *takut (compare Bikol Central takot, Malay takut, Maori mataku, Kapampangan takut, and Rapa Nui mataku), from Proto-Austronesian *takut.


asalan

From asal (“roasting”) + -an. Functions similarly as asador.

roaster made of ironwood or cane in which they skewer something to roast it


abyad

job or task at hand; duty or obligation being tackled; work being attended to


kimika

Borrowed from Spanish química. Doublet of alkimiya and kemistri.

Isang patunay nito ay siya ang kauna-unahang tumututol o di naniniwala sa Kimika ni Sto. Tomas na kung saan ang kanilang karibal na Orden ay naging tanyag.

2002, Rex Bookstore, Inc., Obra Maestra Iv' 2002 Ed.(el Filibusterismo), page 126:

A proof of this is that he is the first to oppose and to not believe the Chemistry of Saint Thomas for which their rival Order has become famous.


duryan

Borrowed from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an. Compare Taaw't Bato dugyan, Maranao doriyan, and Tausug dūyan.


silam

eye smarting or irritation (caused by soap, shampoo, etc.)


silam

with one's eye irritated (caused by soap, shampoo, etc.)


sanap

covered by liquid just up to the top of the submerged object

temporarily covered with shallow water (of a small area)


sanap

small area temporarily covered with shallow water

condition of being temporarily covered with shallow water (of a small area)


tingting

tingtíng (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪iŋ]

palm leaf midrib without the blades or lamina (used in broom making)


tingting

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiŋtiŋ (“tinkling sound”). Onomatopoeic.

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪iŋ]

act of beating repeatedly something to produce a tinkling sound


kataga

[kɐ.t̪ɐˈɣaʔ]

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


sa-

sa- + puso (“heart”) → sapuso (“act of having put to heart”)

sa- + ilalim (“below”) → sailalim (“act of undergoing”)

sa- + malamig (“cold”) → samalamig (“cold beverage”)

sa- + inyo (“yours”) → sainyo (“act of signing off or used to close a letter; yours truly”)

sa- + makatuwid (“to be able to straighten”) → samakatwid (“therefore”)

sa- + makalawa (“twice”) → samakalawa (“day after tomorrow”)

sa- + una (“first”) → sauna (“of the old generation”)

forms terms to denote a method or means to a purpose

sa- + pusa (“cat”) → may sa-pusa (“resembling a cat”)

sa- + pagong (“turtle”) → may sa-pagong (“resembling a turtle”)

(may—) forms terms denoting possession of quality or characteristic


sa-

sa- + basa (“read”) → sababasa (“suddenly read”)

Nahihimbing ako'y sababasa siya nang malakas na aking ikinagising.

I was sleeping then they suddenly read aloud that I woke up from.

(with reduplicated root, CVr-) forms terms to denote suddenness of the action: suddenly; unexpectedly; without notice


tulas

slow melting from natural heat or humidity (of salt, sugar, etc.)


pangkat

group (of things, animals, people, etc.)


tula

Borrowed from Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).


tula

a kind of mouth disease, especially among children and infants


angkat

goods purchased on credit or consignment


bosing

From bos + -ing, diminutive rendering of Tagalog bos, borrowed from English boss.

(colloquial, informal) boss; chief; head

(colloquial, informal) a male term of address


tainga

tl-noun

taingá or tainga (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜌᜒᜅ or ᜆᜁᜅ)

taingá (canonical)
tainga (canonical)
ᜆᜌᜒᜅ (Baybayin)
ᜆᜁᜅ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˈʔiː.ŋɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa. Compare Ilocano talinga, Cebuano talinga, Maranao tangila, Tausug taynga, and Malay telinga.

may tainga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita

handle shaped like an ear (of a jar, pitcher, box, etc.)


apoy

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy (compare Chamorro guåfi, Hawaiian ahi, Malay api, Maori ahi, and Samoan afi), from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy (compare Paiwan sapuy), possibly through a borrowing from Dumagat, Sambal, etc., since evidence indicates that one would expect *hapoy in Tagalog, according to Zorc.


salang

something being cooked on a pot, casserole, etc. (on a fire or stove)

act of putting a pot, casserole, etc. on a fire or stove (in cooking)

(figuratively, by extension) act of putting something or someone into a tough situation


salang

very light touch (with a finger or hand)

(figurative) unintentional mention or reference (to something bitter, hurtful to someone, or something better forgotten)


hangal

(literary, derogatory, offensive) foolish; stupid; slow-witted; dull


hangal

(literary, derogatory, offensive) a fool; a dunce


hangal

gasp for breath (due to being very tired and exhausted)


makina

desc

→ Hokkien: 馬擎仔／马擎仔 (má-kìn-á), 馬擎／马擎 (má-kìn)

Borrowed from Spanish máquina, from Latin machina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná).


dekreto

[d̪ɛkˈɾɛː.t̪o]


buhay

From Proto-Greater Central Philippine *buhay (“live (long)”) (cf. Masbatenyo buhay, Hanunoo buhay, Bikol Central buhay, and Buhi'non Bikol, Libon Bikol, Miraya Bikol buway), possibly related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (compare Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, and Ivatan vyay). Possible doublet of bihag. Compare also Cebuano buhi, Hiligaynon buhi, Agusan Manobo buhi, Ata Manobo bui, and Tausug buhi' which came from Proto-Southern Philippine *buhiʔ (“live”).

(obsolete) life (specifically of a human being in the flesh)


aglutinin

tl-noun

aglútinín (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

aglútinín (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɡˌluː.t̪ɪˈn̪in̪]


sibil

Borrowed from Spanish civil, from Latin cīvīlis.


buwaya

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya. Compare Malay buaya, and Eastern Bontoc fowaya.
Senses of “corrupt police officer; greedy and corrupt, etc.”, from the 1970s and 1980s, are an allusion to the brown color of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) uniform.

m-g

Inaayunan pa nito, sa halip na bakahin ang nagmamalasakit na mga pinuno ng bayan. Ang mga buwaya at baboy sa Kongreso'y patuloy na nasasandat.

1987, Alfredo Navarro Salanga, Kamao: Tula Ng Protesta 1970–1986:

He still agrees with them, instead of taking up the struggle of concerned national leaders. The "crocodiles" and "pigs" in Congress still remain in their positions.

Ipinakikita si Marcos bilang isa sa mga buwaya na hawak-hawak ang tali ng gusaling kinaroroonan ng Con-Con.

1992, Rebolusyonaryong panunuring masa sa sining at panitikan: mga dokumento ng 1971 ng Panulat para sa Kaunlaran ng Sambayanan (PAKSA) at Nagkakaisang Progresibong Artista-Arkitekto (NPAA)., →ISBN:

Marcos is shown as one of the "crocodiles" [corrupt politicians] holding a rope tied on the building where the Con-Con [Constitutional Convention] is held.

Maraming beses silang kinutya at tinakot ng mga buwaya sa Kamara at ahas sa Malacanang na walang ... Itinuloy nila ang kanilang sinimulang laban sa Kongreso sa iba't ibang pulong sa mga paaralan at rally sa mga lansangan.

2003, Jay De Castro, At tumestigo ang asintado: Gov. Luis "Chavit" Singson:

They are ridiculed and intimidated many times by the "crocodiles" (corrupt politicians) in the Batasang Pambansa and the "snakes" (turncoats) in Malacañang who have no ... They continued what they started against Congress at various conferences in schools and rallies in the streets...

(figuratively) greedy or corrupt person (especially a politician)


buwaya

buwayang pulis


buya

fishing contraption made of a rattan line to which coconut leaves and bamboo floats are attached


tahas

clear and direct; definite; forthright; in unmistakable terms


abrigana

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈɣaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrir gana. Compare Cebuano abrigana and Hiligaynon abrigana.


abilidad

abilidád (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish habilidad, from Latin habilitās.


absolusyon

tl-noun

absolusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

absolusyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish absolución, from Latin absolūtiōnem (“acquittal”).


abayan

tl-verb

abayan (complete inabayan, progressive inaabayan, contemplative aabayan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

inabayan (completive)
inaabayan (progressive)
aabayan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abay (root)
abayan (infinitive)
inabayan (completive root)
inaabayan (progressive root)
inaabayan (dialectal progressive root)
aabayan (contemplative objective)
aabayan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abayi (dialectal imperative objective)

abayan

Abayan mo si Juan sa kasal niya.

Act as the best man for Juan in his wedding.


abayan

abayán (complete inabayan, progressive inaabayan, contemplative aabayan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

abayán (canonical)
inabayan (completive)
inaabayan (progressive)
aabayan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abay (root)
abayan (infinitive)
inabayan (completive root)
inaabayan (progressive root)
inaabayan (dialectal progressive root)
aabayan (contemplative objective)
aabayan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abayi (dialectal imperative objective)

abayan

to lie beside someone; to sit beside someone


abyog

swing; dangle (as of fruits on a branch)


abyerto

Borrowed from Spanish abierto, from Old Spanish abierto, from Latin apertus. Doublet of abyerta.


distansya

tl-noun

distansya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of distansiya.


kalanda

Early borrowing from Spanish calandra, from French calandre, from Medieval Latin calandrus, ultimately from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros). Doublet of kalandra, silindro, and silinder. See also Malay keranda.


haraya

[hɐˈɾaː.jɐʔ]

Possibly ultimately from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya, “soul, mind, spirit”, literally “heart”), according to Zorc (1982). Compare Pali hadaya (“feeling”, literally “heart”), Old Javanese ḥṛdaya (“mind”), and Indonesian daya. Many sources say it is from Cebuano haraya, but Zorc (1982) does not believe so.


rigodon

Borrowed from Spanish rigodón, from French rigodon.


kepo

Borrowed from Hokkien 家婆 (ke-pô, “busybody; meddlesome; nosy”).


upat

instigation; attempt to get something undesirable by intrigue or artifice


watawat

From Proto-Austronesian *watawat (“wave, flutter (as a flag)”). Compare Amis watawat.

inh

May watawat yaong bukid.

That sown land has a sign (to avoid farming on said land).

(obsolete) sign put up (such as a cloth or a woven mat) so no one touches what was marked


imahinasyon

tl-noun

imahinasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋᜑᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

imahinasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜋᜑᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish imaginación, from Latin imāginātiō.


kasaysayan

history; record or aggregate of past events

Holonyms: araling panlipunan, Hekasi


pangulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-qulu (“leader, chief”). By surface analysis, pang- + ulo (“head”). Cognate with Aklanon pangueo and Malay penghulu.


punong ministro

tl-noun

punong ministro (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


karagatan

[kɐ.ɾɐ.ɣɐˈt̪an̪]

From dagat + ka- -an. Compare Cebuano kadagatan.

(literary, historical) type of poetic battle, usually done on wakes, based on the loss by a princess of her ring in midsea


guro

gurò (canonical)
gurô (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Learned borrowing from Malay guru (“teacher; educator”), ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). Reintroduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in the early 20ᵗʰ century as a replacement to the previously used words maestro and maestra, both of Spanish origin. Doublet of gulo, another term from Malay guru, that became obsolete in the course of the 19ᵗʰ century. Compare English guru.


tsaa

Ang mga Hapones ay lubhang magiliw din sa Tsaa. Kadalasang Tsaa ang idinudulot sa kanino mang dumadalaw sa kanilang tahanan.

1943, Artemio Ricarte, Nihon to bushidō o kiku:

The Japanese are very fond of tea as well. Tea is often being served to whomever visits their residence.


agham

(obsolete) act of knowing someone's true character


bansa

bansâ (canonical)
bansá (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

Learned borrowing from Malay bangsa, from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage, collection”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás (“ceiling beam”). Introduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in the early 20th century as counterpart to the Spanish nación (“nation”), as it was deemed that there was no native Tagalog word that adequately expressed the concept, since the nearest counterpart, bayan, had other meanings that deviate from the modern concept of nationhood, as it is also used to refer to a town or a municipality, similar to Spanish pueblo. However, usage of the word has preceded publications by Eusebio T. Daluz. See also Malay wangsa and Javanese ꦮꦁꦱ (wangsa).

coinage

Ang bayang itó ay di kaila sa alin mang kasaysayan na marami nang bansâ ang nagnanasang maghari dito at sa katunaya'y may ilan na ng̃ang nakapaghari. Ang Kastila, na nakapaghari dito na mahiguit sa tatlong daan taon ay siyá kong uunkatin.

1909, The Filipino Teacher Volume 3, Issue 3, Philippine Teachers' Association:

This town is not known in any history that many nations have longed to rule here and in fact some have already been able to rule. The Spaniard, who has reigned here for more than three hundred years, is the one I am going to talk about.


yena

Borrowed from Spanish hiena (“hyena”), from Latin hyaena, from Ancient Greek ὕαινα (húaina).


Tam

a Chinese Filipino surname from Cantonese


tigidig

[t̪ɪ.ɣɪˈd̪iɡ̚]


asera

Borrowed from Spanish acera, from hacera, from facera, from facero, from Latin faciarius.


magandang umaga

tl-head

magandáng umaga (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜂᜋᜄ)

magandáng umaga (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜂᜋᜄ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.ɣɐn̪ˌd̪aŋ ʔʊˈmaː.ɣɐ]


ma-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma- (stative prefix). Compare may (existential marker).

inh

ma- + linis (“cleanliness”) → malinis (“clean”)

used to form adjectives indicating a quality

ma- + ligo (“bath”) → maligo (“to take a bath; to bathe”)

(actor III trigger prefix): infinitive form

ma- + tapos (“finish”) → matapos (“to be able to finish something”)

Natapos kong basahin ang libro kagabi.

I was able to finish reading the book last night.

(object IV trigger prefix): infinitive form

to have done something; to be able to do something

Coordinate term: -in

ma- + basag (“break, crack”) → mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)

Nabasag ko ang salamin.

to perform the action of the verb unintentionally

ma- + basa (“wet”) → mabasa (“to become wet”)


ma-

From Proto-Austronesian *ma- (future prefix).

used to form contemplative aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-


Belmonte

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Feliciano Belmonte Jr., Representative of the Fourth District of Quezon City.

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:


Solano

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Governor General of the Philippines

Borrowed from Spanish Solano.
* (municipality): Named after Ramón María Solano y Llanderal, 1860 Spanish Governor General of the Philippines.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

Solano (a municipality of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines)


mamaya

tl-adv

mamayâ or mámayâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜌ)

mamayâ (canonical)
mámayâ (canonical)
ᜋᜋᜌ (Baybayin)

Possibly from the following:
* Initial reduplication of obsolescent root maya (“after a short period”).
* From mam- + baya (“toleration”), according to Panganiban (1973).
* From Sanskrit समय (samaya) with the first syllable mistaken as the sa- prefix, then reduplication into maya-maya, then inflected as mamaya-maya, then underwent clipping, according to Pardo de Tavera (1887). Compare Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone; to delay”), Old Javanese samaya, Indonesian semaya.

cog

Gagawin niya ito mamaya.

Mamaya pa magsisimula ang programa.


buang

Borrowed from Cebuano buang, from Proto-Central-Philippine *buʔaŋ. Compare Bikol Central bua.

2017, Rodrigo Duterte, quoted in Philippine Daily Inquirer
Baka nga ito si Kim Jong-un, ‘yung t*****. You know, if that guy… I do not think that he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, ‘yang buang na ‘yan,...
Maybe this is Kim Jong-un, the idiot. You know, if that guy… I do not think he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, that crazy person


buang

Hindi matanggap ng ego ng buwang na talo siya sa Iloilo at hindi bumalimbing mga kapartido mo sa PDP–Laban...

2017, Rodrigo Duterte, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

That fool's ego can't accept he lost in Iloilo and your fellow party members didn't defect to the PDP-Laban


ayan

Alternative form of hayan: there! there it is! (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


akit

[ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]


akit

[ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]


tarik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tazək (“steep angle”). Compare Indonesian tanjak.


bunyi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buñi, via Malay bunyi (“sound”). Compare Kapampangan bunyi and Maranao boni.

act of honoring or paying homage to someone; crediting or making someone known by praising or saying good things

feeling of great joy, happiness, pride, etc.


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).
Compare Bikol Central laban, Kapampangan laban, Malay lawan, and Javanese ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ (lawan).

fact or condition of being against or contradictory


laban

Laban lang!


laban

tl-verb

labán (complete nilaban, progressive nilalaban, contemplative lalaban, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜈ᜔)

labán (canonical)
nilaban (completive)
nilalaban (progressive)
lalaban (contemplative)
ᜎᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bilangan

act, time, or place of counting (of ballots, votes, etc.)


bilangan

bilangan (complete binilangan, progressive binibilangan, contemplative bibilangan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

binilangan (completive)
binibilangan (progressive)
bibilangan (contemplative)
ᜊᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bilang (root)
bilangan (infinitive)
binilangan (completive root)
binibilangan (progressive root)
inabilangan (dialectal progressive root)
bibilangan (contemplative objective)
abilangan (contemplative dialectal objective)
bilangi (dialectal imperative objective)

bilangan

to make a count of something (to be given to someone)


apid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apid (“stacked up; in layers; joined together”). Compare Aklanon apid (“enclose”), Cebuano apid (“stack up”), Hiligaynon apid (“combine; fit together”), Waray-Waray apid (“put in rows”). See also Kankanaey apid and Central Bontoc apid which came from a separate Proto-Austronesian *qapid (“braid; twine”).

ncog

concubinage; illicit cohabitation; illicit coitus


uban

From Proto-Philippine *quban (cf. Cebuano uban, Ilocano uban, Tausug uban), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quban (cf. Balinese uban, Coastal Kadazan tuvan, Makasar uang, Malay uban, Nias huŵa, Wolio uwa), from Proto-Austronesian *qubaN (cf. Amis 'ofad, Sakizaya ubad).


ulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ (cf. Chamorro uhang, Hawaiian ula, Hiligaynon urang, Ilocano udang, Javanese ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang), Malay udang, Maranao odang), from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ (cf. Paiwan quzang).


asenso

Borrowed from Spanish ascenso, from Latin ascēnsus.


Gapo

(slang) Olongapo (a city in Zambales province, Philippines)


apir

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.


arap

Compare Javanese ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep), Malay harap, and Iban arap.


tameme

[t̪ɐˈmɛː.mɛʔ]

(slang) stunned; dumbfounded; unable to talk due to shock


pinid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənəd (“stopped up, plugged”). Compare Ilocano penned and Tausug punud.


pinid

state or condition of being closed or locked


sulid

blue and gold fusilier (Caesio caerulaurea)


Tung

From Cantonese 董 (Dung²) or Hokkien 唐 (Tn̂g), via English Tung.


lipstik

ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


gisok

streak or markings of a different share in wood, marble, etc.


lalaki

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, with initial reduplication. Compare Aklanon eaki, Bikol Central lalaki, Cebuano lalaki, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lélake, Eastern Bontoc laraki, Kapampangan lalaki, Lindu laki, Madurese ꦭꦭꦏꦼ (lalake), Malay laki (“husband”), Malay lelaki (“male”), Sundanese ᮜᮜᮊᮤ (lalaki), Tetum la'en (“husband”), and Urak Lawoi' ลากี (laki, “husband”).

Tumakbo ang lalaki.

(electronics, mechanics) male connector; male fastener


Burgos

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
José Burgos

Borrowed from Spanish Burgos, from burgo.
* (surname): Spanish toponymic name. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.
* (municipalities in Ilocos Sur and La Union): Named after José Burgos, Filipino priest of the Gomburza movement.

sense

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Burgos, particularly widespread in Metro Manila, Bulacan, Laguna and Cavite

several municipalities in the Philippines

Burgos (a municipality of Ilocos Norte, Philippines)

Burgos (a municipality of La Union, Philippines)

Burgos (a municipality of Isabela, Philippines)

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Burgos (a city in Castile and León, Spain)


Zamora

Borrowed from Spanish Zamora, after the province in Spain.

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (1835-1872), Filipino priest, a member of the Gomburza, executed in 1872


koyote

Borrowed from Spanish coyote, from Classical Nahuatl coyotl.

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual


raan

raan (canonical)
raán (canonical)
ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


raan

raán (canonical)
raan (canonical)
ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bulta

Early borrowing from Spanish vuelta, from Latin volūta. Doublet of buwelta.


beke

From earlier bayki, bayiki, from metathesis of Proto-Central Philippine *bayəʔək. Compare Bikol Central bayuko and Cebuano bayuok.


charing

From Charing (“female given name”), from Charito + -ng, where Charito itself is from Charo + -ito, originally Spanish. The retention of the ⟨Ch⟩ initial makes it also an unadapted borrowing from Spanish. The cultured sense is influenced by English charming.

(originally gay slang) expression by a speaker, playfully admitting to telling a joke or a lie: just kidding

(gay slang) expression of impatience or rejection towards one being spoken to: I've had enough!


charing

(gay slang) homosexual male; gay (especially one who is soft, cultured, or sophisticated)


igat

[ˈʔiː.ɣɐt̪̚]

Compare Aklanon igat, Kapampangan igat, Limos Kalinga igat, and Yogad igat.

Anhinga marmorata
Wikispecies:Anhinga marmorata


ustad

[ʔʊsˈt̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Arabic أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ), from Classical Persian استاذ (ustād). Compare Maranao ostad, Tausug ustadj, and Malay ustaz.

ustad (a title for a teacher or expert in Islam)


Tate

(slang) United States (a country in North America)


Arroyo

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 14th President of the Philippines


Salazar

Borrowed from Spanish, from sala (“hall”) + Basque zahar (“old”).


gagi

gagì (canonical)
gagi (canonical)
ᜄᜄᜒ (Baybayin)


gaseta

[ɡɐˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish gaseta (“gazette”).


halalan

From halal + -an. Compare Kapampangan alalan.


akay

(figurative) guided; led; trained (by someone)


hipokrito

tl-noun

hipókritó (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

hipókritó (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English hypocrite, and influenced by Spanish -o.


Estrada

[ʔɛsˈt̪ɾaː.d̪ɐ]


Chang

From Cantonese 曾 (Zang¹), via English Chang. Doublet of Chan.

a Chinese Filipino surname from English [in turn from Cantonese]


Sanchez

Borrowed from Spanish Sánchez, from Sancho + -ez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Sánchez, most widespread in Metro Manila, Bulacan and Laguna


Camacho

Borrowed from Spanish Camacho. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Camacho, mostly concentrated in Metro Manila, Cavite, Rizal, Quezon and Laguna


baksa

baksá (canonical)
baksâ (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

shoulder-kerchief (a kind of neckerchief, usually made stiff by starching, and folded in the form of a triangle and usually worn with a baro't saya)


Yang

Borrowed from Mandarin 楊／杨 (yáng). Doublet of Yu, Young, and Yung.


mahal kita

mahál kitá (canonical)
ᜋᜑᜎ᜔ ᜃᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

Literally, “you are my precious”, or more loosely translated as “you are my love/cherished/dear”.


Hashimoto

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 橋本 (Hashimoto).


lonta

Backslang formed from the final two syllables of pantalon (“pants”).


Ramirez

[ɾɐˈmiː.ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Ramírez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Ramirez, Ramírez: a common surname from Spanish


hapay

(figurative, finance) bankruptcy; business failure


Maynila

→ Kapampangan: Menila

→ Spanish: Manila

→ Cantonese: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (maa⁵ nei⁴ laai¹)

→ English: Manila

→ Korean: 마닐라 (manilla)

→ French: Manille

desc

→ Hokkien: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (Má-nî-la), 岷里拉 (Bîn-lí-la), 岷尼拉 (Bîn-nî-la)

→ Ibaloi: Manida

→ Japanese: マニラ (Manira)

→ Mandarin: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (Mǎnílā)

→ Tagalog: Manila

From may- (“there is”) + nila (“true indigo”), where nila is derived from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “indigo”). The name Maynilà is more likely in reference to the abundance of indigo-yielding plants growing in the area surrounding the settlement, rather than Maynilà being known as a settlement that trades in indigo dye, as the settlement was founded several hundred years before indigo dye extraction became an important economic activity in the area in the 18th century.
See also Pangasinan Ibali, an archaic name for Manila.

prefix

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

Manila (the national capital of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila)


Agta

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀta (“outsiders, alien people”). Compare Tuwali Ifugao Alta, Kapampangan Eta, Remontado Agta ata, Bikol Central agta, Cebuano agta, Maranao agta' / Aita, and Tausug agta'. Doublet of Ayta.

inh

Aeta people (indigenous people of Negrito origin of the mountainous parts of Luzon)


lungsod

→ Bikol Central: lungsod

Learned borrowing from Cebuano lungsod (“town”). Said to be introduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in 1915, one of the founders of the Akademya ng Wikang Pilipino (Academy of the Filipino Language), one of the predecessors of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) (Commission on the Filipino Language). See also Malay lungsur (“slide down”).

lbor

Lungsod ng Maynila


habid

entangling obstacle; something that entangles on (especially on one's foot)


hagod

(figurative) careworn; tired in appearance


siping

From Proto-Philippine *sipiŋ (“next to, in close proximity”).

inh

sitting, lying, or sleeping next to each other or side by side


siping

act of sitting, lying, or sleeping next to each other or side by side

condition of being closely adjacent to each other

condition of being next to each other or side by side


samay

mixed weave; mixture of material in woven textile


suway

disobedience; refusal to obey (an order, command, etc.)


man-

man- + digma (“war”) → mandirigma (“warrior”)

man- + dalangin (“prayer”) → manalangin (“to pray”)

man- + loko (“trickery”) → manloko (“to trick”)

man- + nood (“view”) → manonood (“viewer”)

man- + silip (“peep”) → maninilip (“peeping tom”)

man- + Tagalog (“Tagalog language”) → managalog (“to speak Tagalog”)

Alternative form of mang-, if the root starts with alveolar consonants, such as ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩, which gets nasally assimilated to the prefix ending when starts with voiceless alveolar consonants, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ or sometimes ⟨d⟩.


Turko

tl-noun

Turko (feminine Turka, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜓ)


sarsa

Corruption from Spanish salsa, from Latin salsus (“salted”). Doublet of salsa.


Holandes

Holandés (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Holandes

Holandés (feminine Holandesa, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

Holandés (canonical)
Holandesa (feminine)
ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Orense

[ʔoˈɾɛn̪.sɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from Galician Ourense.


turok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tə(n)duk. Doublet of tundok.

act of piercing with a pointed object (such as a pin or needle)

small puncture or hole (made with a pin or needle)

young stag with horns just beginning to sprout


Maribel

Borrowed from Spanish Maribel, from blend of Maria + Isabel.


Puig

tl-proper noun

Puíg (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ or ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜄ᜔)

Puíg (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


linga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləŋa. Compare Bikol Central lunga, Cebuano lunga, Ilocano lengnga, Ibanag langa, Maranao lenga, and Tausug lunga.


linga

lingâ (canonical)
lingà (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ (Baybayin)

looking sideways, from left to right (as in searching for something or someone)

(obsolete) act of swerving to the one side

(obsolete) wobbling from side to side (especially of a boat)


linga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liŋa (“negligence, inattentiveness”). Compare Aklanon linga (“challenged hearing”), Cebuano linga (“split attention”).


linga

Borrowed from Sanskrit लिङ्ग (liṅga, “sign, mark; phallus”). Compare Malay lingga (“stone memorial”). Doublet of linggam.


pampano

Borrowed from Spanish pámpano, from Latin pampinus.

pompano; pomfret (fish of the Carangidae family)


ulok

Gallinula chloropus
Gallinula chloropus#Translingual

act of inciting someone (to do vengeance or a reckless act)


direktor

tl-noun

direktór (feminine direktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

direktór (canonical)
direktora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪ.ɾɛkˈt̪oɾ]


aab

small hollow or hole, as in a ripe guava fruit, made by or as by biting


bbq

Abbreviation of bebe ko (“my baby; my love”).


uli

From Proto-Philippine *ulíq (“return, restore”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq (“return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and from”). Doublet of uwi. Compare muli and ulit.

inh

Kakain uli ako.


uli

act of giving back or returning something borrowed or taken from some place

act of returning, reverting, or restoring to a former state

Nabali ang kamay ko ay iuli mo.

(by extension, obsolete) act of readjusting one's bones


uli

act of wandering about; act of vagabonding

(obsolete) act of reselling for the same price


pastil

pastil (Filipino packed rice dish made with steamed rice wrapped in banana leaves with dry shredded beef, chicken, or fish)


Kardo

a diminutive of the male given name Ricardo


uom

suffocation or death while sleeping (especially from a nightware)


Lyndon

ᜎ᜔ᜌ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Burnham

Named after American architect and urban designer Daniel Burnham.


Pola

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

Pola (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


sintomas

tl-noun

síntomás or sintomas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜐ᜔)

síntomás (canonical)
sintomas (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish síntomas, plural of síntoma (“symptom”).


suportado

supported; held up (with a prop or support)


belat

[ˈbɛː.lɐt̪̚]

exclamation indicating how misfortune is well-deserved by the person spoken to: serves you right! you deserve it!


belen

Borrowed from Spanish belén, from Belén (“Bethlehem”).


iniba

inibà (canonical)
inibá (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒᜊ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˈn̪iː.bɐʔ]


aminado

already confessed or admitted to one's fault


admiti

Borrowed from Spanish admitir, from Latin admittere.

act of admitting (allowing to enter; granting entrance)


biton

Borrowed from Spanish betún, from Catalan betum, from Latin bitūmen.


apatita

[ʔɐ.pɐˈt̪iː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish apatita (“apatite”).


bito

Borrowed from Sanskrit बिन्दु (bindu, “dot”), according to Potet (2016).

(obsolete) act of pointing or marking something

(obsolete) demarcation; marking off something as one's property

(obsolete) excess from what is inherited


duwende

→ English: duwende


Bernal

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Joyce E. Bernal, television and film director


habas

(pathology) a kind of horse disease (characterized by the callousness of the mouth)

prudence; wise thought before acting (usually in the negative)


imoral

(common) Alternative spelling of inmoral


gabinete

[ɡɐ.bɪˈn̪ɛː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish gabinete, from Old French gabinet. Doublet of kabinet.


instigador

tl-noun

instigadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

instigadór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɪ.ɣɐˈd̪oɾ]


tampo

sulking; ill humor shown by a sullen, withdrawn behavior


tampa

bid; offer made by a prospective buyer (in an auction, etc.)


sigmo

Blend of isig (“force”) + himo (“effect”).


kopo

Borrowed from Spanish copo, derived from copar (“to take”).

all taken or reserved; with all the prizes taken or won (as by a player or a team)


kopo

act of taking everything; sweep; winning of all the games or prizes (of a player or a team, especially in gambling)


heto

From Proto-Central Philippine *ha-itu, from *ha- "existential prefix" + *itu "here". See also hi- (stative prefix), ito (“this”) and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.


rompida

(martial arts) rompida (a striking technique in Philippine martial arts wherein one strikes or slashes up and down repeatedly in the same line)


yero

Borrowed from Spanish hierro (“iron”), from Old Spanish fierro, from Latin ferrum.

galvanized iron sheets for roofing, etc.

tonic or other preparations containing iron


analisador

tl-noun

analisadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

analisadór (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish analizador. By surface analysis, analisa + -dor.


wilig

act of sprinkling water on clothes to be ironed


wilig

moistened by sprinkling with water (of clothes to be ironed)


swak

Onomatopoeic from a swish of basketball touching the net after scoring without touching the rim or the backboard.

(colloquial) suitable; fit; appropriate; proper (usually said as swak na swak)


butil

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butir (“grain, kernel”). Compare Malay butir.


Malabon

Uncertain, possibly from:
* malabong, from ma- + labong (“bamboo shoot”).
* malabon, from ma- + labon (“silt”).

Malabon (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


kimona

Borrowed from Spanish kimona, from kimono + -a, from Japanese 着物(きもの) (kimono). Doublet of kimono, a later borrowing. Potet (2016) remarks that the last vowel in 着物(きもの) (kimono) was mistaken for the masculine -o ending in Spanish, so the Spanish feminine -a ending was appended to this word.

traditional short-sleeved loose woman's blouse made of piña or jusi (usually with a wide neck and short, wide sleeves, and worn with a long, wide skirt)


likido

Isang pormula ang nakuha sa Inglaterra , para makayari ng isang likidong pangalis ng barnis, lakre, alkitran, at pintura.

1935, Marcial G. Mendiola, Kabuhayan at tagumpay, Carrsaco Press Company, page 34:

A formula for making a liquid that can remove varnish, lacre, tar and paint was obtained from England.

likidong walang lasa

2005, Pananaw 6 Tm' 2005 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 74:

Likidong sa di dalisay na kalagayan nito ay bumubuo sa ulan, dagat, karagatan, lawa, ilog, atbp.

2017, Curtis McFarland, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, Diksyunaryong Monolingwal sa Filipino: (Monolingual Dictionary in Filipino), Anvil Publishing, Inc., →ISBN:

Liquid that in its non-pure state is a component of rains, seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.


gastador

tl-adj

gastadór (feminine gastadora, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

gastadór (canonical)
gastadora (feminine)
ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish gastador (“extravagant”).


gastador

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]


gastadora

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


gastadora

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of gastador: female spendthrift; female big spender


ibaba

[ʔɪˈbaː.bɐʔ]

From i- + baba (“lowness; descent”). The i- prefix for the noun is likely related to the Proto-Austronesian *i (location marker) (cf. ito, ilalim, ibabaw, ilaya, itaas).

base; foot (of a staircase, mountain, etc.)

southern part of a district or town; opposite of the uptown district