palapa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq (“midrib of a coconut frond”). Compare Kapampangan palapa, Bikol Central palapa, Pangasinan palapa, Maguindanao palapa, Malay pelepah, Iban pelepah, Tongan palalafa.

inh+

(botany) the pulpy midrib or petiole of a banana leaf or coconut palm frond or leaf of a similar tree


Bonifacio

Borrowed from Spanish Bonifacio, from Late Latin Bonifātius (literally “the one with a good fate”).

der

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the given name]

Andrés Bonifacio (1863–1897, Filipino revolutionary and politician)

(usually dated) a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Boniface


propagandista

tl-noun

propagandista (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

(historical, specifically) member of the Propaganda movement in colonial Philippines


Koa

From Hokkien 柯 (Koa), via English Koa. Doublet of Cua and Kua.


otel

Borrowed from Spanish hotel, from French hôtel, from Middle French hostel from Old French ostel, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of hotel and ospital.


ilan

tl-pron

ilán (plural ilan-ilan, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜈ᜔)

ilán (canonical)
ilan-ilan (plural)
ᜁᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From an irregular elision of /p/ and an addition of /n/ from Proto-Philippine *pijah (“how many”), from Proto-Austronesian *pijax (“how many”). Compare Pangasinan piga, Kapampangan pilan, Masbatenyo pira, Cebuano pila, Javanese ꦥꦶꦫ (pira), Hawaiian -hia, Paiwan pida, and Thao piza.


yaya

tl-noun

yaya (masculine yayo, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish yaya (“granny”). Compare with Cebuano yaya, Catalan iaia.

nanny; nursemaid; amah; girl or woman employed to take care of children


yaya

invitation; request; persuasion; inducement

person invited (to come to a certain place or to help do something)


yaya

invited personally to help do certain work


yaya

name of the Baybayin letter ᜌ, corresponding to "ya"


premyo

Nakuha ko naman ang premyo ko. Pakiramdam ko'y ako ang Dakilang Alexander. Kinailangan ko lang ng tatlong minuto, isang mabagal at malambing na boses at ang nakatutunaw na kislap ng aking mga mata para makakuha ng positibong ...

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

Ang premyo'y ang pagtulong mo't pag-ibig, at ang kaligayahan ko." "Nagbibilang ka na ng sisiw." "Ang gusto kong sabihin, Pina, ito'y dalahing lalong magpapagaan. Hindi ba, kung magkatuwang tayo't magkahati? Ang dalawa'y magiging isa ...

1974, Amado V. Hernandez, Luha ng buwaya, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 10:

Siya lamang ang mayroon nito, tulugan niya kung siya'y inaantok o naghihintay ng malaking balita. Sinalubong niya ako sa may pinto ng silid. "Narito ang premyo mo," aniya, nakatawa ng tawang nanghaharot. "Maganda, 14 Keso De- bola.

2003, Landas sa bahaghari at iba pang kuwento, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 14:


misal

Borrowed from Spanish misal, from Medieval Latin missālis.


Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo (president of the first Philippine republic)


kyu

Borrowed from English cue, the English name of the letter Q/q.

the name of the Latin-script letter Q/q, in the Filipino alphabet


Alvaro

a surname from Spanish deriving from the given name


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɣɐˈwaʔ]

Puro kathang-isip at gawa-gawa ang mga isinusulat niyang kuwento.

His writing comprises of fiction and fabricated stories.


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɣɐˈwaʔ]


esmeralda

Borrowed from Spanish esmeralda, from Old Spanish esmeralda, possibly through the intermediate of Old French esmeralde (Modern French émeraude), from Vulgar Latin *smeralda, *smaraldus, alteration of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), of Semitic origin.

esmeralda:


inggit

From Proto-Philippine *iŋgit (“envy; envious”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i(ŋ)git (“anger; resentment”).

inh

Matapos mag-trending si Agot at tirahin din ng ilang netizen na nagsabing “inggit” lang siya, muling nag-tweet ang aktres para linawin ang kanyang pahayag.

2020, Mary Rose Garzon, “Kampo ni Jinkee Pacquiao, pumalag sa pambabatikos ni Agot Isidro sa luxury bikes”, in RMN:

envy (resentful dislike of another who has something desirable)


gawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”). Compare Pangasinan gawa, Sambali gawa, Kapampangan gaua, and Iban gawa. See also Cebuano gama, Iban gawai, Malay gawai, and Javanese ꦒꦮꦺ (gawé, “to do; to work”).

work; opus (such as literary works, musical works, etc.)


gawa

Saan ito gawa? Gawa sa papel ang belen na gawa ni Lourdes.

What is it made of? It's made of paper, the belen that Lourdes has made.


bagay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). See also Tamil வகை (vakai).


plastik

(figurative, informal, of a person) insincere; fake


Arsenio

[ʔɐɾˈsɛː.ɲo]


Pila

From pila (“clay”), from the soil abundant in the area.

Pila (a municipality of Laguna, Philippines)


kodak

Borrowed from English kodak, genericized trademark from Kodak.

(broadly) camera (device for taking photographs)

(strictly) small portable camera (especially from Kodak)


-n-

isa + -n- + daan → sandaan

labi + -n- + lima → labinlima

bago + -n- + sakop + -in → bagunsakupin

libo + -n- + taon → libuntaon

-ng-

Default interfix for compound with preceding stem ending in a vowel.

-g- — for compound with preceding stem ending with letter ⟨n⟩

-m-

but next stem starts with the letter ⟨b⟩

Compound interfix, connecting the adjective stem to the noun stem, after the preceding stem ends in a vowel, but next stem starts with the letter ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩.


unggoy

From unggo + -oy. Compare Cebuano unggoy. See also tsonggo.


kalabaw

Borrowed from Spanish carabao, from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Malay kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tausug kābaw, and Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ). Before the coming of the Spaniards, the native Tagalog term used to refer to the animal is anwang. The word kalabaw itself does not appear in the earliest Tagalog dictionaries.

der

(colloquial) neckerchief slide in the Philippine Boy Scout uniform, which is the likeness of the head of a carabao


simi

small particles or remnants of food, especially fish (fallen from or left on the table after eating)


tokwa

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆乾／豆干 (tāu-koaⁿ, “dried tofu”).


kulantro

tl-noun

kulantro or kulantró (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

kulantro (canonical)
kulantró (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish culantro, from Late Latin coliandrum, from Latin coriandrum (“coriander”), from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron). Doublet of koriyandro.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

cilantro (US); coriander (UK; also used for the plant itself across English dialects) (Coriandrum sativum)


puwersa

Borrowed from Spanish fuerza, from Old Spanish fuerça, from Late Latin fortia.


asawa

From Proto-Austronesian *qasawa (cf. Sakizaya acawa). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Arabic زَوْج (zawj, “spouse”) according to Lendoyro (1902), but Potet (2014) disagrees.


mirasol

Borrowed from Spanish mirasol (“sunflower”, literally “sun-watcher”).


lagwerta

[lɐˈɡwɛɾ.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish la güerta, obsolete variant of la huerta (“the orchard”). Compare lakwatsa, lamesa, lamesita, and lamyerda. Doublet of lawulta.


kwadra

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwadra.


kalsada

Borrowed from Spanish calzada, from Vulgar Latin *calciāta (“paved road”), ultimately from Latin calx (“pebble”).


kapatid

From ka- + patid. Compare Kapampangan kapatad.

(colloquial) supporter of the TV5 Network


separatismo

tl-noun

separatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish separatismo, from English separatism.

separatism (advocacy for the political separation of a region)


maalam

tl-adj

maalam or maalám (plural maaalam, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

maalam (canonical)
maalám (canonical)
maaalam (plural)
ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

(obsolete) kindhearted; goodwilled; well-conditioned


kape

→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)

Borrowed from Spanish café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Compare Tausug kahawa.

kape:


bandeha

[bɐn̪ˈd̪ɛː.hɐ]


hipnosis

ᜑᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Either a direct borrowing from Spanish hipnosis with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence, or a direct borrowing from English hypnosis.


tintero

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]

inkwell (container for ink used to refill a quill or a pen)


karne

Borrowed from Spanish carne (“meat”), from Latin carnem.


rabis

Borrowed from English rabies. Doublet of rabya.


adube

[ʔɐˈd̪uː.bɛ]


Maka

Possibly from Malay Mekah, from Arabic مَكَّة (makka, “Mecca”). Compare Maranao Maka and Tausug Makka. Possible doublet of Meka.


ayam

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.


ube

→ English: ube

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi. Compare Hawaiian uhi (“yam”), Malagasy ovy (“potato”), Malay ubi (“yam”), and Maori uwhi (“yam”).

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

ube:


ube

ube:


tilos

Compare tulis and talas. See also Malay tirus (“acute”).

sharp point; sharpness at the pointed end


Satanas

Borrowed from Spanish Satanás, from Ancient Greek Σατανᾶς (Satanâs), from Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān, “adversary, accuser”).


Kabayan

From Ibaloi kaba-ayan (“place where root crop vines grow”).


sabal

embankment built to change the direction of a creek, stream, or small river


abokado

Borrowed from Spanish avocado (“avocado”), from earlier Spanish aguacate, from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl.


abrasyete

tl-adj

abrasyete (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐˈʃɛː.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɐ.bɾɐsˈjɛː.t̪ɛ]


abenturero

tl-noun

abenturero (feminine abenturera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

abenturera (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪.t̪ʊˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish aventurero (“adventurer”).


abrelata

[ʔɐ.bɾɛˈlaː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrelatas (“can opener”).


abubot

Kung ano-anong abubot ang nasa silid niya, wala na tuloy malakaran kundi ang kama.

His room has so much junk, there isn't a spot to walk on but the bed.


adhika

Borrowed from Sanskrit अधिक (adhika, “subsequent, additional”) with semantic shift.

Ano ang inyong adhika sa buhay?


administradora

tl-noun

administradora (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of administrador: female administrator


abuhan

Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans
w:Calamus (palm)

(botany) a species of rattan (Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans)


abuhan

tl-verb

abuhán (complete inabuhan, progressive inaabuhan, contemplative aabuhan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

abuhán (canonical)
inabuhan (completive)
inaabuhan (progressive)
aabuhan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abo (root)
abuhan (infinitive)
inabuhan (completive root)
inaabuhan (progressive root)
inaabuhan (dialectal progressive root)
aabuhan (contemplative objective)
aabuhan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abuhi (dialectal imperative objective)

abuhan


abuloy

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *abúluy (“assistance given to someone in need”). Compare Bikol Central abuloy, Pangasinan aboloy, and Agutaynen aboloy.

inh+

subsidy; aid; contribution; offering; charity


abot-tanaw

tl-adj

abót-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abót-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]


abot-tanaw

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

farthest distance that can be seen; horizon


abot-tanaw

abot-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abot-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


abot-tanaw

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

act of glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

worry; restlessness; confused mental state


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

aburido sa sugal


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


abukay

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

(obsolete, specifically) Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


abukay

[ʔɐ.bʊˈxaɪ̯]

Coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi#Translingual


kuno

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunu. Compare Hiligaynon kuno, Pangasinan kuno, Bikol Central kono, Cebuano kono, Waray-Waray kono, Kapampangan kanu, Ibanag kanu, Ilocano kano, Indonesian konon, Malay konon, Ivatan kunu.

so they say; according to someone; it is said


pispis

particles or scraps of food left over on the dining table

act of dusting lightly to clean a surface


sekreto

Borrowed from Spanish secreto. The alternate pronunciation was influenced by English secret. Doublet of sekreta.


katoliko

Borrowed from Spanish católico (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).


katoliko

Alternative letter-case form of Katoliko


tuko

From Proto-Austronesian *təktək (“gecko, house lizard”), onomatopoeic, imitative of its mating call approximated as “tuk-o”. Compare Ilocano tekka, Bikol Central tuko, Cebuano tiki, Maranao tagetek, Tausug tukki', and Malay tokek. See also Malay cecak.


tuko

act of cleaning tiny apertures with something pointed (to facilitate functioning)


palatina

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pretina, metathesis of Old Spanish petrina, from Vulgar Latin *pectorīna, derived from Latin pectus.


adhikain

[ʔɐd̪.hɪˈxaː.ʔɪn̪]


administrasyon

tl-noun

administrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

administrasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish administración (“administration”), from Latin administrātiōnem.

bor+

Ilang administrasyon na ang dumaan, pero malaking problema pa rin ang katiwalian.

Many administrations have past, but corruption remains a major problem.

(government, politics) executive part of government

administration
executive part of government

administrasyong Marcos

(government, politics) country's government under a particular leader


agrimensura

tl-noun

agrimensura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.mɛn̪ˈsuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish agrimensura, from Latin agrīmēnsūra.


aerodromo

aeródromó or aerodromo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜓ)

aeródromó (canonical)
aerodromo (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɛˌɾoː.d̪ɾoˈmo]

Borrowed from Spanish aeródromo. Doublet of erodrom.


sayari

[sɐˈjaː.ɾɪʔ]


manulat

tl-verb

manulat (complete nanulat, progressive nanunulat, contemplative manunulat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔)

nanulat (completive)
nanunulat (progressive)
manunulat (contemplative)
ᜋᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mang- (affix)
ᜋᜅ᜔ (affix)
sulat (root)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kapanunulat (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜈᜓᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
panulat (formal imperative)
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakapanulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapanulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
panulat (imperative informal)
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

manulat

kakapanulat
 ᜃᜃᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔
kapapanulat
 ᜃᜉᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔

panulat¹
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sulat
 ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

¹ Not used in Standard Tagalog. Dialectal use only.

(transitive, external/agent focus) to write for someone


sumulat

tl-verb

sumulat (complete sumulat, progressive sumusulat, contemplative susulat, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔)

sumulat (completive)
sumusulat (progressive)
susulat (contemplative)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
sulat (root)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kasusulat (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
sumulat (formal imperative)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
sulat (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakasulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
sumulat (imperative informal)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)
sulat (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

sumulat

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sungmulat¹
ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumusulat
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sungmusulat¹
 ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
nasulat²
ᜈ ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

susulat
 ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
masulat²
ᜋ ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sulat²
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


kiti

Borrowed from Hokkien, the first syllable of which most likely is from 雞／鸡 (ke, “chicken”), as noted by Chan-Yap (1980). The second syllable is proposed by Chan-Yap (1980) to mean “young; tender”, proposing the character 弟 (tī), which has no such meaning, but a similar sounding character 稚 (tī, “young; immature”) does.


kiti

start of ebullition; appearance of small bubbles before boiling; effervescence


malaika

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak). Compare Maranao mala'ikat, Tausug malāikat, and Malay malaikat.


barabara

tl-adj

bárabára or barabará (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜊᜇ)

bárabára (canonical)
barabará (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜊᜇ (Baybayin)


dawa

From Proto-Austronesian *zawa. Compare Hiligaynon dawa, Cebuano dawa, Puyuma dawa, Waray-Waray dawa, and Tausug dawa. Theorized also to be from Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley; grain; cereal”). See also Diyawa.

cog

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual


kabila

From ka- + *bila (“half”). Compare Malay belah (“split”). See also bila.

opposite side (of a street, river, etc.)

other one (referring to two opposing sides)


tisa

Borrowed from Spanish tiza (“chalk”), from Classical Nahuatl tizatl (“white earth, chalk”). Compare Cebuano tisas and Maranao tisas.


indeks

Borrowed from English index, from Latin index. Doublet of indise.


gramatiko

gramátikó (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɐˌmaː.t̪ɪˈxo]


gramatiko

[ɡɾɐˌmaː.t̪ɪˈxo]

grammatical (acceptable as determined by the rules of the grammar)


balasto

Borrowed from Spanish balasto, from English ballast.


anatomista

tl-noun

anatomista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜆᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish anatomista, also analyzed as anatomiya + -ista.

anatomist (one involved in the science of anatomical structures)


sunat

Borrowed from Classical Persian سُنَّت (sunnat), from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna). Compare Maranao sonat (“clean”), Tausug sunnat (“circumcise by lightly scraping the clitoris”), and Malay sunat (“circumcision”). Doublet of sunna.

cog

female circumcision; excision of a woman's clitoris as part of Brunei custom


nga

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜅ (nga).

the name of the Latin-script letter Ng/ng, in the Abakada alphabet


nga

Tama nga 'to.


praktika

práktiká (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish práctica, from Latin prāctica (“practical affairs", "business”), from Ancient Greek πρᾱκτική (prāktikḗ), from πρᾱκτικός (prāktikós, “practical”). Doublet of praktis.

der

practice (an ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession)

practice (an observance of religious duties)

practice (customary action, habit, or behaviour)

practice (actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory)


astronomiya

tl-noun

astronomiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish astronomía (“astronomy”), from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


diplomasia

tl-noun

diplomasia (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


tegi

"I vote yes sa idea ng younger brother mo na ipa-Spirit of the Glass ang ate mong tegi," sabi ni Alexia matapos kaming mag-catch up sa mga latest na ganap sa aking magulong buhay.

2020, MISSFLIMSY, My Boyfriend is a Freak:


politiko

polítikó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish político, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).


tatas

ability to speak intelligently and fluently

fluency of speech; clearness of diction or pronunciation


konsistent

tl-adj

konsistent (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English consistent, from Latin consistens.


heko

Borrowed from Hokkien, either:
* 蝦膏／虾膏 (hê ko, literally “shrimp paste”) according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 蝦膎／虾膎 (hê-kê, “shrimp paste”, literally “pickled/salted shrimp”) according to Manuel (1948)

thick, dark sauce from the residue of salted shrimp paste


agrikultura

tl-noun

agrikultura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.xʊlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish agricultura (“agriculture”), from Latin agricultūra.


nikel

Borrowed from Spanish níquel (“nickel”), from German Nickel, a pet form of the proper masculine name Nikolaus, see also Old Nick "the devil" and Nicholas.


balakid

tl-noun

balakíd or balakid (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔)

balakíd (canonical)
balakid (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


inahing manok

inahíng manók (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔)

inahíng manók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˌhiŋ mɐˈn̪ok̚]

From inahin (“mother”) + manok (“chicken”).


libingan

tl-verb

libingán (complete nilibingan, progressive nililibingan, contemplative lilibingan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊᜒᜅᜈ᜔)

libingán (canonical)
nilibingan (completive)
nililibingan (progressive)
lilibingan (contemplative)
ᜎᜒᜊᜒᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
libing (root)
libingan (infinitive)
nilibingan (completive root)
nililibingan (progressive root)
inalibingan (dialectal progressive root)
lilibingan (contemplative objective)
alibingan (contemplative dialectal objective)
libingi (dialectal imperative objective)

libingan


kahel

Borrowed from Spanish cajel, from Arabic قَمْحِيّ (qamḥiyy), nisba of قَمْح (qamḥ, “wheat”).

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

kahel:


nawa

(formal) Said in hope that something will happen: may it be so!; so be it!; let it be so!; indeed


kabaong

→ Aklanon: kabaong

→ Bikol Central: kabaong

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kabaong

→ Kapampangan: kabaung


tandang

→ Kapampangan: tandang

[t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aŋ]

Compare Old Javanese tandaṅ (“attack”) and Sundanese ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓᮀ (tandang, “to fight”).


astrolohiya

tl-noun

astrolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish astrología (“astrology”), from Latin astrologia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “astrology”).


pulseras

Borrowed from Spanish pulseras, plural of pulsera.


tripulante

tl-noun

tripulante (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


taban

held or grasped to maintain equilibrium or to avoid falling


taban

act of holding onto something (to keep oneself or something from falling)

something held onto (to keep oneself or something from falling)


utang-na-loob

utang-na-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ᜈᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

utang-na-loób (canonical)
ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ᜈᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔuː.t̪ɐŋ n̪ɐ loˈʔob̚]

Literally, “owed will; heart debt; internal debt”.

lit

May utang-na-loob ako sa pagtulong niya sa akin.

(idiomatic) sense of gratitude; debt of gratitude


utang-na-loob

[ˌʔuː.t̪ɐŋ n̪ɐ loˈʔob̚]

Utang-na-loob, maglaan ka ng kaunti para may sapat tayong makain.

I beg of you, share a little so we'd have enough to eat.

Utang-na-loob, umalis ka diyan!


magandang hapon

tl-head

magandáng hapon (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜑᜉᜓᜈ᜔)

magandáng hapon (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜑᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Gonzales

Borrowed from Spanish Gonzales, spelling variant of González. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Doublet of Gonzalez, the less prevalent spelling.
The barangay in Tanauan, Batangas is named after Nicolas Gonzales, governor of Batangas from 1916 to 1919.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

A barangay of Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines


tarak

[ˈt̪aː.ɾɐk̚]

Borrowed from Malay tajak (“grass-cutter”).

bor+

act of stabbing and leaving it embedded in the flesh (with a knife, dagger, etc.)

act of driving into the ground (with a stake, wooden peg or pin, etc.)

stake or the like driven into the ground (to mark a place or boundary)


bilang

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”). Compare Old Javanese wilaṅ, Maranao bilang, and Malay bilang.

inh

Malaki ang bilang ng mga nakiluksa para kay Dating Pangulong Cory Aquino.

There was a large number of people who mourned for Former President Cory Aquino.

Hindi ka nabibilang sa pangkat.

(literally, “You don't count on the group.”)

condition of belonging or being part of something


bilang

Bilang na ang mga araw mo.


bilang

From Proto-Philippine *bilaŋ (“supposing that; as if; to consider, treat as”). May be identical to etymology 1.


huni

From Proto-Philippine *huni, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huni, from Proto-Austronesian *Suni.


ekonomista

tl-noun

ekonomista (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


paa

now chiefly Rizal, Batangas, Quezon, Marinduque

From Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Compare Malay paha.


kalibre

calibre (diameter of the bore of a firearm)


balisa

Borrowed from Malay belisah. See also Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa).


menora

[mɛˈn̪oː.ɾɐ]

Ultimately from Hebrew מנורה (m'norá, “light, lamp, menorah”). Doublet of minarete.


kodigo

Borrowed from Spanish código, from Vulgar Latin *codicus, from Latin caudex.

Ang halata naman ng kodigo mo! Mahuhuli ka n'yan sa exam.

Your cheat sheet is so obvious! You'll get caught in the exam.

(colloquial) cheat sheet (sheet of paper containing notes to cheat on a test)


kapitalista

tl-noun

kapitalista (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish capitalista. By surface analysis, kapital + -ista.


entremetido

entremetido (feminine entremetida, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

entremetida (feminine)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


sangla

Possibly either from the following:
* From Malay sanda (“to pledge; to pawn”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanda (“pawned; pledged in place of something else”) as per Blust (2010-).
* From Chinese origin, possibly Hokkien 送禮／送礼 (sàng-lé, “to send a gift”) as per Manuel (1948).


pabrika

Borrowed from Spanish fábrica (“factory”), from Latin fabrica (“workshop”).


bato-balani

bató-balanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


probinsya

tl-noun

probinsya (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of probinsiya.


kumusta

Derived from Spanish cómo está. Compare Ilocano kumosta, Kapampangan komusta, Bikol Central komusta, Cebuano kumusta, and Maranao komosta.

Uy, kumusta? Ang tagal na nating 'di nagkikita a!


kumusta

Kumusta yung pagtatanghal ninyo kanina?

Kumusta ang pakiramdam mo ngayon?


kumusta

best regards; respects; complimentary greeting (such as expressing one's concern for another's health)


tibo

sting or a small painful wound inflicted by some species of fish (such as kanduli, hito, pagi, liwalo, sumbilang, etc.) and also by bees

external spine, thorn, or excrescence of certain kinds of fish and insects that does the stinging


hene

Ang mga hene na may komersyal na potensyal ay inililipat mula sa isang organismo patungo sa isang organismo.

2000, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Los Baños, “Q&A: Mga Tanong at Sagot tungkol sa mga Genetically Modified na Pananim”, in Pocket K^(https://web.archive.org/web/20191231084818/http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/foldable/Pocket%20K1%20(Filipino).pdf), number 1, archived from the original on 2019-12-31:

The genes with commercial potential are transferred from one organism to another organism.

Naniniwala ang mga sikolohista sa ideya na ang mga hene ay may kinalaman sa ating pagkilos sa lipunan, ngunit mariin nilang kinukwestyon ang mga batayang palagay ng ganitong pananaw.

2004, Raymond Charles Anicete, Sikolohiyang panlipunan at kalinangan: panimulang pagbabalangkas ng isang larangan, page 56:

Psychologists believe in the idea that genes are involved in our actions in society, but they also strongly question the basic assumptions of this perspective.


paisano

paisano (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜁᜐᜈᜓ or ᜉᜌ᜔ᜐᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish paisano, from Old French païsan. Doublet of pesante.


consuelo de bobo

consuelo de bobo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

konsuwelo de-bobo
konsuwelo de-bobo#Tagalog

Alternative spelling of konsuwelo de-bobo


nakabobobo

From naka- + bobo with partial reduplication.

Nakakabobo manood ng slapstick comedy minsan.

Watching slapstick comedy is brain-killing sometimes.

capable of making one stupid, airheaded, dull, or have no useful thoughts


Fukushima

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福島 (Fukushima).


almendras

almendras (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐlˈmɛn̪.d̪ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish almendras, plural of almendra.

Isang manlalakbay na nakasakay sa isang kamelyo at dalawang makisig na kabayong Arabe. Ang isa sa mga ito, na sinasakyan ng isang tauhan ng Aduwana ay nakatatawag ng pansin ng lahat. Dito'y nakatikim ako ng sereso, albarikoke, at almendras.

1962, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896:

One traveler riding a camel and two robust Arabic horses. One of these, which was ridden by a Customs worker, was catching everyone's attention. Here I was able to taste cherry, apricot, and almond.


kanton

From ellipsis of pansit kanton, from Philippine Spanish pancit cantón, where the latter word is from Spanish Cantón, from Portuguese Cantão, from an old romanization of Mandarin 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng).


yurak

act of treading heavily on something in order to crush or destroy; trampling on something

violation or infringement (as of someone's right, etc.)


hikmat

Borrowed from Malay hikmat, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).


hulog ang loob

tl-adj

hulóg ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulóg ang loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “one's insides fallen”, or more loosely translated as “fallen will”.


tibay ng loob

tl-noun

tibay ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

tibay ng loób (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “material strength of one's insides”.

lit

Ang mga nagmamahal sa atin ang nagbibigay ng tibay ng loob upang maharap natin ang mga problema.

Those who love us give us strength of will to face problems.

Ang tibay ng loob niya; hindi siya nagpadala sa mga paninira at naniwala siya sa sariling kakayahang maging matagumpay.

His will is strong; he wasn't let down by what others may say and he believed in his ability to succeed.


lakas ng loob

tl-noun

lakás ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

lakás ng loób (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “strength of one's insides”, or more loosely translated as “inner strength”.

lit

Kasabwat ng kanyang walang humpay na lakas ng loob, isinaksak niya ang manlulupig sa dibdib.

Alongside his unwavering courage, he stabbed the conquistador in his heart.

Ang lakas ng loob mong sigawan ang nanay mo; bigyan mo naman ng respeto.

You sure have the guts to shout back to your mother; show her some respect.


hulog ng loob

tl-noun

hulog ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulog ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “having one's will fallen into”.


brokoli

Borrowed from Spanish brócoli, or from English broccoli, from Italian broccoli.


silaba

Borrowed from Spanish sílaba, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ).


sukdulan

terminal; end (of a transportation line)


sukdulan

tl-verb

sukdulán (complete sinukdulan, progressive sinusukdulan, contemplative susukdulan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜈ᜔)

sukdulán (canonical)
sinukdulan (completive)
sinusukdulan (progressive)
susukdulan (contemplative)
ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sukdol (root)
sukdulan (infinitive)
sinukdulan (completive root)
sinusukdulan (progressive root)
inasukdulan (dialectal progressive root)
susukdulan (contemplative objective)
asukdulan (contemplative dialectal objective)
sukduli (dialectal imperative objective)

sukdulan

to finish; to put an end to (a process, etc.)


topak

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:
* Blend of toyo + patis + utak.
* A play on katok.
* Backslang from impakto (“evil spirit causing temporary madness”): im-pak-to → to-pak.

(colloquial) tantrum; moodiness (especially of a child)

(colloquial) something wrong (with a device, system, etc.)


imposibilidad

tl-noun

imposibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

imposibilidád (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


kriminal

kriminál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


Bretanya

[bɾɛˈt̪aː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Bretaña and Spanish Gran Bretaña.

administrative region
administrative region

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


sasa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sasah (“cut or collect palm leaves for roofing”). Compare Cebuano salasa.

inh

Nypa fruticans
Nypa fruticans#Translingual


sasa

feeling of having had too much of something


sasa

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜐ, corresponding to "sa"


amor

Borrowed from Spanish amor. Doublet of amores.


lambot ng buto

tl-noun

lambót ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

lambót ng butó (canonical)
ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


sama ng loob

samâ ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

samâ ng loób (canonical)
ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Matagal na niyang kinikimkim ang sama ng loob niya na sa pagkakataong naubos ang pasensiya niya, sumabog siya na parang bulkan.

He had been keeping his resentment for so long that the moment his patience ran out, he blew up like a volcano.

(idiomatic) ill will; hurt feeling; displeasure; resentment


tigas ng buto

tigás ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

tigás ng butó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

'Di ko yata kayang gayahin ang pagsayaw nila; ang tigas ng buto ko e!

I don't think I can copy their dancing; my body isn't flexible!


pabo

Borrowed from Spanish pavo (“turkey”), from Latin pāvō.


rebolusyon

rebolusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rebolusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish revolución, from Late Latin revolūtiōnem.


-g

Alternative form of -ng, after words ending in ⟨n⟩.


muson

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish mojón. Doublet of mohon, a later borrowing.


Salinas

Borrowed from Spanish Salinas, from salina, salinas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Cavite

Two connected barangays in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines (see Salinas I and Salinas II)


istasyon

istasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪs.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


lumon

in an advanced stage of ripeness but not yet rotten (of fruit)


doktora

Borrowed from Spanish doctora (“female doctor”).

bor+

female equivalent of doktor: female doctor


desodorante

tl-noun

desodorante (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


ganta

Borrowed from Spanish ganta, from Cebuano gantang, from Malay gantang.

ganta (unit of grain measure of approximately three liters)


butas

perforated; punctured; with hole or holes

(figurative, slang) deflowered; devirginized (no longer a virgin)


etimologo

etimólogó (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish etimólogo (“etymologist”).


balada

Borrowed from Spanish balada, from French ballade, from Old Occitan ballada, from Late Latin ballāre.


Andres

[ʔɐn̪ˈd̪ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Andrés, from Latin Andreās, from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέας (Andréas).

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Andrew


interes

interés (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛˈɾɛs]


milimetro

tl-noun

milimetro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


barok

From comic character created by Filipino cartoonist Bert Sarile in 1973, Barok, who was depicted as a “pre-historic caveman”. Possibly influenced by English baroque.

Ang barok ng Tagalog mo!

Halatang tinamad sapagkat hindi idinulot ang iba pang makulay na kahulugan sa Ingles na "joker." Ang totoo, kung may sobra ... Ngunit ang mas mabigat na pagkaligta ay ang hindi pagpapasok sa katu- tubong "barok." Ni hindi man lamang ...

1997, Virgilio S. Almario, Tradisyon at Wikang Filipino, Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino Sistemang Unibersidad Ng Pilipinas, →ISBN:

At inilibing namin ang mga buto ni Apong Ibang sa hukay sa isang sulok ng bakuran ni Apong Isis na walang tinawag na ... May Tagalog, may Sebuwano, may Kapampangan, may Iluko, may Ingles, may Espanyol, may Pangasinense. ... 'Yan ang bilin niya, barok, paliwanag ng Amang nang magtanong ako sa kanya.

1982, Reynaldo Arquero Duque, Bagani Ubbog:

Like Mel, Grace no longer has plans of working abroad since she has vowed to " prioritize my child and my family. ... naging problema ko pa ay yung salita, kasi bibihira naman ang Hapon na marunong mag-Ingles. So, nag-aral kami ng konting Niponggo at medyo kahit barok na barok kaming magsalita ay nagka- kaintindihan na naman kaming mga Hapon [Perhaps, another problem I faced (at the start) ...

2000, Riza Faith C. Ybañez, Labor Migration & HIV/AIDS: Vulnerability of Filipino Migrant Workers:

speaking a language in a broken or unfluent manner (especially by a non-native speaker or someone with a speech disorder)


barok

Borrowed from English baroque, from French baroque, from Portuguese barroco (“irregular pearl”).


panlapi

From pan- + lapi. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language).


koton

Borrowed from English cotton. Doublet of algodon.


aklatan

Magbabasa lang ako sa aklatan. Ang sipag ko 'no?

I'll just be reading at the library. Aren't I diligent?


aklat

Nakalulula ang dami ng mga aklat na inilalathala bawat taon. Mababasa pa ba natin itong lahat?

The amount of books published each year is staggering. Can we still read all of these?

(obsolete) the act of flipping the pages of a book


silid

From Proto-Southern-Philippine *sələd (“interior; inside; within”). Compare Aklanon sueod, Cebuano sulod, Hiligaynon sulod, and Waray-Waray sulod.

Mukhang pagod ka. Ba't 'di ka muna magpahinga sa silid namin?

You look tired. Why don't you rest in our room?

closet or small room for storage (especially in a rural native house)


jilbab

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِلْبَاب (jilbāb).


dungis

(figurative) moral blemish; stain on one's character


putang ina

putang iná (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜅ᜔ ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

From puta (“prostitute”) + -ng (enclitic suffix) + ina (“mother”) or a partial calque of Spanish puta madre.

compound

Nagtutungayaw na sinalubong ito ng kanyang ina. "Ang puta! Putang ina ka! Buwisit, salot ka sa lugal na ito!" Sinampal at sinabunutan ang nagugulumihanang si Aling Marta. Dumurugo ang labi at lumuha na lamang ito, hindi man lamang ...

2006, Ireneo Perez Catilo, Pandesal: at iba pang kuwento:

His mother greeted him with a smile. "Damn it! You piece of shit! For god's sake, you're a plague on this place!" He slapped and beat the disturbed Mrs. Marta. Her lips were bleeding and she was merely weeping, not even ...

(idiomatic, derogatory) any contemptible person


putang ina

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

Umaasa ka pa sa putang inang ex mo, e mukhang wala na siyang pakialam sa'yo kahit humagulgol ka.

You're still hoping for that jerk ex of yours, but she doesn't seem to care about you even if you sob.

(derogatory) annoying; wretched; fucked up


putang ina

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

Putang ina, bagsak ako sa relihiyon at kimika!

Putang ina, ang galing niyang maggitara!

Holy fuck, he's really good at playing the guitar!

Putang ina, mumurahin kita diyan sa forum na iyan. Huwag mo akong ganunin.

2016 September 5, Rodrigo Duterte, 8:02 from the start, in Departure for the 28th and 29th ASEAN Summits:

Fuck, I will cuss you out at that forum. Don't do that to me.


lukso

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(ə)suh. Compare Bikol Central lukso and Cebuano lukso. See also Tausug laksu.


beles

Derived from Spanish maravedís, plural of maravedí, ultimately from Arabic مُرَابِطِين (murābiṭīn, literally “holy men”), the name of the Almoravid rulers of Muslim Spain during the 12th century. Doublet of marabilis.

der

(historical) half-centavo coins (used during the Spanish occupation)


elektrolito

tl-noun

elektrólitó (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ)

elektrólitó (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish electrólito, from English electrolyte, coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1834, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron) + λυτός (lutós).


tropiko

Borrowed from Spanish trópico, from Latin tropicus, from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós).


presinto

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English precinct, influenced by Spanish precinto (“seal”), recinto (“precinct; enclosure”), ultimately from Latin praecīnctum (“enclosure; boundary line”).


alikabok

alikabók (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜃᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *alik-qabuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk.


kamag-anak

[kɐ.mɐɡˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


kadugo

[kɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]


lunatiko

Borrowed from Spanish lunático, from Latin lūnāticus.


bakas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkas. Compare Javanese ꦧꦼꦏꦱ꧀ (bekas) and Malay bekas.


bakas

share of capital; money put in (in gambling or business)


oleomargarina

tl-noun

oleomargarina (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


timos

act of tasting or savoring any liquid food or broth (as by sipping a little of it)


danan

tl-verb

danan (complete dinanan, progressive dinaranan, contemplative daranan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜈᜈ᜔)

dinanan (completive)
dinaranan (progressive)
daranan (contemplative)
ᜇᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Syncopic form of daanan, from daan + -an.

Danan mo ang sulat sa kapitan.


tiris

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tədis. Compare Bikol Central tados.

inh+

act of crushing of lice between thumbnails

(by extension) act of popping one's pimples (especially with one's fingertips)


dami

Compare Hiligaynon damo and Waray-Waray damo.


ligis

grinding; milling; crushing; pulverizing


butiki

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual


boton

Borrowed from Spanish botón. Doublet of butones.

(uncommon) button (fastener, especially a big one)


boton

tl-noun

boton or botón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

boton (canonical)
botón (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


abanderado

abanderado (feminine abanderada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

abanderada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abanderado (“standard-bearer”).


abanderada

[ʔɐ.bɐn̪.d̪ɛˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


buhawi

From Greater Central Philippine *buháwi(ʔ). Compare Waray-Waray buhawi and Maranao bohawi.


ahensya

[ʔɐˈhɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ahensiya.


ahedres

tl-noun

ahedrés or ahedres (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ahedrés (canonical)
ahedres (canonical)
ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.hɛˈd̪ɾɛs]

[ʔɐˈhɛː.d̪ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish ajedrez (“chess”), Old Spanish axedrez, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /čatrang/), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga). Doublet of satol.

der

الشَّطْرَنْج

Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj)

Datapwa't sahol sa kasanayang mapagitna sa dalawang babaing kapwa umiibig sa kanyá, át: mga sandaling yao'y sabay na nangangailangan at humihingi ng kanyang asik so at panáhon. Hindi bihasa si Mando sa ahedres ng mga puso.

1978, Amado V. Hernandez, Mga ibong mandaragit (nobelang sosyo-politiko):

However, it is a skill to be between two women who both love him, and: those moments that simultaneously need and demand his attention now and then. Mando is not skilled in the chess of hearts.

...na ang lantsa sa kalagitnaang bahagi ng ilog, sa loob-loob ni Mayor Sugay, “Mga mababa na piraso lamang kayo ng ahedres sa labanang ito. Hahahaha! Kung sa palagay ninyo'y kumikilos kayo upang proteksiyunan ang sari-sarili ninyong mga interes, diyan kayo nagkakamali!”

...the launch already in the middle part of the river, in the inner thoughts of Mayor Sugay, “You all are just lowly pieces of chess in this fight. Hahahaha! If you all think you were moving to protect your own interests, that's where you are wrong!”


akasya

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “a thorny Egyptian tree”).


aglutinante

tl-adj

aglutinante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡlʊ.t̪ɪˈn̪an̪.t̪ɛ]


bukol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul. Compare Bikol Central bukol, Kapampangan bukul, and Pangasinan bokol.

swelling; bump; lump (as on one's head or body)


bagal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagal (“overgrown, clumsy, sluggish”). Cognate with Cebuano bagal, Kapampangan bagal, Maranao bagal, and Malay bagal.


Arevalo

[ʔɐˌɾɛː.vɐˈlo]

[ʔɐˌɾɛː.bɐˈlo]


piring

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəzəŋ (“to close the eyes”). Compare Bikol Central pirong.

blindfold (covering that blocks light to the eyes)


pamantasan

Malaki ang pamantasan namin.


sapi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapiq (“contract, harmony, agreement”).

act of joining as a member (of an association, etc.)

(business) stock; share (of a corporation, partnership, etc.)

something attached or nailed to or against another (to reinforce or strengthen it)

(by extension) possession (by a spirit, demon, etc.)


pantas

Borrowed from Malay pantas, from Old Javanese pantĕs (modern Javanese ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (pantes)).

Nagsasaliksik ang mga pantas upang malinang ang kanilang karunungan.

The wise men are researching to sharpen their knowledge.


mikroorganismo

tl-noun

mikroorganismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish microorganismo, also analyzed as mikro- + organismo.


tekila

Borrowed from Spanish tequila, from Tequila, the town in Jalisco, Mexico where the drink was originally made. The place name is from Classical Nahuatl Tequillan, Tecuila (“place of tribute”).


tostador

tostadór (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


hamak

Compare Bikol Central hamak. See also Arabic حَمَاقَة (ḥamāqa).


barena

[bɐˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish barrena, from Mozarabic barrina, from Late Latin veruina (“long javelin”), from Latin veru (“javelin”). Doublet of balina.

drill; auger (instrument for creating holes)

(figurative) lapse of distemper; moment of unreasonable anger


sismometro

sismómetró (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

sismómetró (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


mamon

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish mamón (“sponge cake”), from Spanish mamón (“suckling child”). Compare Cebuano torta mamon and Thai มาม่อนเค้ก (maa-mɔ̂ɔn-kéek, “mamon cake”).

cog

mamon (traditional Filipino chiffon cake or sponge cake)


akustiko

akústikó (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acústico, from French acoustique, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós). Doublet of akustiks.


bual

Alternative form of buwal (“fall flat on the ground”)


bual

Alternative form of buwal (“fallen flat on the ground”)


Breslavia

tl-proper noun

Breslavia (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜊ᜔ᜌ)

ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜊ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


Renato

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English René


kabaret

[ˌkaː.bɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish cabaret, variant of cabaré, from French cabaret.


asukal

Early borrowing from Spanish azúcar. Compare Bikol Central asukar, Cebuano asukar, Ilocano asukar, Tausug sukal, and Waray-Waray asukar.


adiposidad

tl-noun

adiposidád (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

adiposidád (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


tinapay

From tapay + -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay. Compare Kapampangan tinape and Malay tempayan.


lunan

Syncopic form of lunaan from Cebuano luna (“canvas; space; place; area”) + -an. Coined by Isidro Abad, a former committee member representing Cebuano at the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (Institute of National Language) around late 1930s as a substitute for Spanish-loaned lugar.


nudels

Borrowed from English noodles, plural of noodle, from Dutch noedel, or from German Nudel. Compare Cebuano nodol.

noodles (strings or flat strips of pasta or other dough)


Felicidad

Felicidád (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


askal

Blend of aso + kalye, also short for asong kalye.

askal (a variety of mongrel dog breed in the Philippines)

Lumayo ka; may askal sa tabi, baka anuhin ka.

Stay away; there's a stray dog nearby, it might do something to you.


arkipelago

tl-noun

arkipélagó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ)

arkipélagó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪˌpɛː.lɐˈɣo]

Borrowed from English archipelago, from Italian arcipelago, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “leading”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”). Doublet of artsipiyelago.


pusakal

Blend of pusa (“cat”) + kalye (“street”).


tangga

Borrowed from Spanish tanga (“hob, a boys game”), from Old Spanish tanga, first-person singular present subjunctive of tañer (“to touch”), from Latin tangere (“to touch”).

bor+

a gambling game in which coins at stake are placed one over another inside a circle then hit by players in turns with their cue pieces (similar to quoits)


glandula

glándulá (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish glándula, from Latin glandula.


Awstralya

tl-proper noun

Awstralya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

1980, Teodoro A. Agoncillo Ang Pilipinas at Ang Mga Pilipino: Noon at Ngayon, R.P. Garcia Pub.
Sa utos ng Pangulong Roosevelt, sina Quezon ay umalis sa Korehidor noong ika-20 ng Pebrero, 1942 at pinapunta nang lihim na lihim sa Awstralya upang dito kumuha ng bapor na magdadala sa kanila sa Estados Unidos.

Under the orders of President Roosevelt, Quezon left Corregidor on the 20th of February 1942 and was told to secretly go to Australia in order to board a ship there bringing them to the United States.


Bulgarya

Borrowed from Spanish Bulgaria (“Bulgaria”).

bor+

Pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang mga layuning ito ay isinanib sa mga kasunduan sa pakikipamayapa na nilagdaan noong 1947 ng Estados Unidos, Unyon Sobyet, at ibang magkakaanib na bansa sa isang dako at ng Rumanya, Bulgarya, Ungriya, at Pinlandiya. Nakapaloob sa mga kasunduang ito ang mga tadhanang nagkakaloob ng batayang karapatan at kalayaan sa mga mamamayan ng mga bansang ito.

1949, Sa kapakanaan ng kapayapaan at kaunlarang pandaigdig:

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


puthaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 斧頭／斧头 (pú-thâu, “axe”).


gilas

elegance; refined grace (in manners or action)


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]

Di naman siya nagmaramot at noon din ay pinatigil niya ang aming sasakyan at kami ay nagpalit. — Saan ba ang ating tungo? — usisa ko' habang ikinakambiyo sa tersera ang lumalakad na naming sasakyan. — Sa Pansol, maligo tayo...

1947, Juan Rivera Lazaro, Kung umibig ang artista: nobela:


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


akonito

[ʔɐˌxoː.n̪ɪˈt̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish acónito, from Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton).

(toxicology) aconite (extract or tincture used as a poison and medicinally)


huma

response to a surprising or unexpected comment from someone


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]

act of causing someone to be surprised, shocked, or frightened


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]


upuan

[ʔʊˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

[ʔʊ.pʊˈʔan̪]

act of sitting at the same time (of a number of people)


upuan

tl-verb

upuán (complete inupuan, progressive inuupuan, contemplative uupuan, Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

upuán (canonical)
inupuan (completive)
inuupuan (progressive)
uupuan (contemplative)
ᜂᜉᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
upo (root)
upuan (infinitive)
inupuan (completive root)
inuupuan (progressive root)
inaupuan (dialectal progressive root)
uupuan (contemplative objective)
aupuan (contemplative dialectal objective)
upui (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-in-an

upuan

upuan

[ʔʊˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

[ʔʊ.pʊˈʔan̪]

Inupuan niya ang unan ko.


Kang

Borrowed from Hokkien 江 (Kang) or 康 (Khang).


kunteksto

tl-noun

kunteksto (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of konteksto.


agnostika

agnóstiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

agnóstiká (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


yakap

(figurative) ready acceptance or taking in of a principle or doctrine

attachment to something to the side surface of another by nailing together (as a support or reinforcement)


halik

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajək (“smell, sniff, kiss”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək (“smell”). Compare Ilocano agek, Bikol Central hadok, Cebuano halok, and Waray-Waray harok.


hagikhik

hagikhík (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜒᜃ᜔ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From *hikhik + *-ag-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikhik (“snicker, giggle; high-pitched laughter”). Compare agik-ik.

outburst of suppressed laughter; snicker


madugo

tl-adj

madugô (plural madudugo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ)

madugô (canonical)
madudugo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
madugo (positive singular)
madudugo (plural positive)
dugo (positive root)
mas madugo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madudugo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madugo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madudugo (comparative inferior plural)
kasindugo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadugo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadudugo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadugo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadudugo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadugo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadugo-dugo (absolute equal plural superlative)

[mɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]

Engineering ang kukunin mong kurso? Naku, madugo 'yan.

You're going to take Engineering as a course? My, that'd be tough.

(hyperbolic, colloquial) extremely difficult


halimaw

Borrowed from Brunei Malay harimau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-maquŋ. Possibly also from Tamil அரிமா (arimā, “lion”). Compare Ilocano ulimaw, Kapampangan ulimo, Cebuano halimaw, Maranao arimaw, and Tausug halimaw.

(figurative) brutal person; beast-like person

Halimaw si Bryan, dahil marunong siya ng hindi kumulang sa limang wika.

Bryan is a brilliant person, since he knows no less than five languages.

(colloquial) very talented or intelligent person; beast (someone who is particularly impressive)


lakad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, from Proto-Austronesian *lakat. Compare Aklanon eakad (“step over”), Bikol Central lakad (“step”), Ibanag lakad, Ilocano lakad, Kapampangan lakad, and Waima'a laka.

May lakad ka ba ngayon? Gusto mong sumama sa'ming manood ng sine?

Do you have plans today? Want to watch a movie with us?

purpose in going to a certain place; mission; errand

act of approaching someone (as in seeking approval or favorable action on something)

(figurative) trend; progress (of a business, political campaign, etc.)

(figurative) running condition (of a machine, engine, motor, etc.)


tayo

Possibly from kata + *-yo (c.f. kayo/ninyo), with omission of the initial ka-. Compare Ilocano datayo (data + -yo), Pangasinan sikatayo (sikata + yo), Kapampangan tamu (ta + mu), and Tausug taniyu (ta + niyu).

Kain tayo!

we; us (inclusive of the person spoken to)


tayo

act of erecting something (a building, statue, etc.)

status; condition (of one's project, health, etc.)


awtobus

awtobús (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


maari

[mɐˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]

From ma- + ari, literally “to be able to have; to be able to get/possessed”.

prefix

(uncommon) rich; owning a lot of property


maari

tl-verb

maarì (complete naari, progressive naaari, contemplative maaari, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜇᜒ)

maarì (canonical)
naari (completive)
naaari (progressive)
maaari (contemplative)
ᜋᜀᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[mɐˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]


natae

[n̪ɐ.t̪ɐˈʔɛ]


natae

[ˌn̪aːˈt̪aː.ɛ]


kc

From K, pronounced as ka + similarly pronounced English C.


Cayetano

Borrowed from Spanish Cayetano, a male given name from the Latin Caiētānus (“inhabitant of Gaeta”), re-Latinized from Italian Gaetano.


ka-

ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)

ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)

ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)

ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

(with initial syllable repetition) implies repeated action

ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)

ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)

(with initial syllable repetition, followed by lang or lamang) implies recent action

ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

(with initial two syllables repetition) implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree


reaksiyon

tl-noun

reaksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

reaksiyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ʔɐkˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish reacción, from Medieval Latin reāctiōnem.


Sanskrito

tl-proper noun

Sanskrito or Sánskritó (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

Sanskrito (canonical)
Sánskritó (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sánscrito (“Sanskrit”).


palisi

Borrowed from English policy, from Middle English policie, from Old French policie, pollicie and police, from Late Latin politia, classical Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of polisiya and pulisya.


pulmon

Mahina kasi ang pulmon ni Flor.

2007, Joey A. Arrogante, Hangga't alat ang dagat at isang haliging asin: (dalawang novelang gay), →ISBN, page 34:


bagsak

From Proto-Philippine *bag(ə)sák (“fall to the ground, of something heavy”). Compare Bikol Central bagsak and Cebuano bagsak.

inh

May bagsak si Juan ngayong semestre.


bagsak

Nang ilabas ang resulta ng ibang exams, bagsak siya sa dalawa pang subject. Pumasa man siya sa sumunod na semestre'y di rin siya mabibilang sa graduates ng taong iyon.

1993, Tony Perez, Cubao pagkagat ng dilim: mga kuwentong kababalaghan, →ISBN:

When the other exam results were released, he failed on two more subjects. Even where he passed in the following semester, he won't be able to graduate that year.

having a failing grade; having a failing mark

gusaling bagsak

bagsak na sistema


lelang

Possibly from either:
* a colloquial clipping of Spanish abuela (“grandmother”) + -ng. See also lelong, ninang, ninong, nana, tata, nanang, tatang, tiya, tiyo, tiyang, tiyong, ateng, kuyang, dikong, ditseng.
* Hokkien 老人 (lāu-lâng, “old folk/s”) according to Manuel (1948).


nipa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipaq (“swamp palm”).


ubod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubuj (“heart of palm, palm-cabbage”). Compare Ilocano ubog, Kapampangan ubud, Aklanon ubad, Cebuano ubod, and Malay umbut. Doublet of buod.

inh

core; central part of certain fruits; pulp


tusok

From Proto-Austronesian *tusuk (“pierce, skewer or string together”). Compare Malay tusuk and Puyuma tusuk.

pierce; pricking; piercing (with a needle, stick, etc.)

puncture; perforation; prick (made by something pointed)


preparasyon

tl-noun

preparasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

preparasyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɾɛ.pɐ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]


ginto

From Hokkien, possibly:
* 金底 (kim-tóe, “gold base”) according to Manuel (1948)
* 金條／金条 (kim-tiâu, “gold bar”) according to Potet (2016)
* 金豆 (kim-tāu, “piloncitos, pea-sized pieces of gold once used as a currency”) hypothesized by Potet (2016)
See also Hokkien 鍍金／镀金 (tō͘-kim, “to gold-plate; to gild”). Cognate with Kapampangan gintu.


pokpok

Reduplication of pok (“bam; bang”), which is onomatopoeic.

(slang, derogatory) prostitute; whore; hoe; skank; hooker; nymphomaniac


pokpok

(slang, derogatory) skanky; sexually promiscuous


Matsumoto

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 松本 (Matsumoto).


galis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *garis (compare Indonesian garis, Malay garis).


matapobre

From Spanish matar (“to kill”) + Spanish pobre (“poor”). Compare matafuego (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire killer”). Later folk-etymologized as Tagalog mata (“eye; to look”) and Tagalog pobre as borrowed from Spanish.


Turkiya

[t̪ʊɾˈkiː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Turquía (“Türkiye”).

bor+

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Hispanismo

tl-noun

Hispanismo (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Hispanismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon). Attested from the 1970s.

(common) Alternative form of Ispanismo: Hispanism


utang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutaŋ. Compare Sambali otang, Bikol Central utang, Aklanon utang, Cebuano utang,
Tausug utang and Malay hutang.

debt; account; liability or obligation to pay; loan

act of borrowing money, or contracting a loan (as from a bank, etc.)


utang

borrowed; obtained as a loan or obligation to pay


tinik

From Proto-Philippine *tənək, from Proto-Austronesian *Cənək (“thorn”). Compare Ilocano tennek, Bikol Central tunok, Cebuano tunok, Hiligaynon tunok, Maranao tenek, and Tausug tunuk.

May mga tinik ang mga rosas.


husi

→ Spanish: jusi

Ultimately from Hokkien, possibly from:
* 富紗／富纱 (hù se, literally “rich yarn”) or 富絲／富丝 (hù si, literally “rich silk”), according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 互紗／互纱 (hō͘ se, literally “intertwining yarn”), according to Manuel (1948)
Compare English jusi, Bikol Central husi, Cebuano husi, and Hiligaynon husi.

jusi (fabric woven from the mixture of abaca, pineapple, and silk fibers)


parke

parke or parké (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ)

parke (canonical)
parké (canonical)
ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ (Baybayin)


Casanova

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Catalan]


palito

Borrowed from Spanish palito, from palo + -ito.


landak

Tiyak na babaha kapag hindi tumigil ang landak.

It will surely flood if the rain did not stop.

muddiness of the basement of houses on silts, due to rain, or many people


landak

Landak ang silong ng bahay mo.

(obsolete) muddy due to rain, or many people


kesa

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


Bugarin

[bʊ.ɣɐˈɾin̪]


apuntador

apuntadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

apuntadór (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.pʊn̪.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]


kural

Borrowed from Spanish corral, from Vulgar Latin *currale (“place for keeping a chariot”), from currus (“chariot”).

der

pen; corral; stockade (enclosure for animals)


ahas

From Proto-Central Philippine *hálas (“snake”) with elision of /l/ and metathesis. Compare Masbatenyo ahas, Bikol Central halas, Aklanon haeas, Cebuano halas, Hiligaynon halas, Waray-Waray halas, Surigaonon hayas, and Tausug hās.

(pathology) a kind of skin disease (eruption)

(by extension, colloquial) leading away someone's spouse or lover


kompresor

tl-noun

kompresor (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


papak

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 飽腹／饱腹 (pá-pak, “full; replete; gorged; stuffed (of rice grains or etc.)”), surmised as “pau-pák” according to Manuel (1948).

eaten without rice or bread (said of food usually eaten with rice or bread)


soltada

Borrowed from Spanish soltada, feminine singular past participle of soltar (“to release”).


konde

konde (feminine kondesa, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish conde, from Latin comitem, accusative singular of comes.


lagas

Possibly related to Malay ragas (“pulling hair”).


lagas

falling off (of leaves, petals, or fruits)

(figurative) loss of lives (as among soldiers in combat)


lambi

small anatomical protrusion (such as an earlobe or earlap)


Inglesero

Inglesero (feminine Inglesera, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ)

Inglesera (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪŋ.ɡlɛˈsɛː.ɾo]

person who habitually speaks English (especially in an mostly non-English-speaking community)


hayag

condition of being known to people (of a secret)

place that is exposed for everyone to see


-hin

tl-verb

-hin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

intindi (“to understand”) + -hin → intindihin (“(transitive) understand”)

basa (“to read”) + -hin → babasahin (“reading material”)

pang-una (“the first”) + -hin → pangunahin (“primary”)

Lucena (“city”) + -hin → Lucenahin (“a native of Lucena, Quezon”)

Infanta (“municipality”) + -hin → Infantahin (“a native of Infanta, Quezon”)

Aurora (“municipality of San Francisco”) + -hin → Aurorahin (“a native of San Francisco (Aurora), Quezon”)

ilaya (“upper part”) + -hin → ilayahin (“a native or local from northern or upper part of a town or community”)


datu

[ˈd̪aː.t̪ʊʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Compare with Fijian ratu, Javanese ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu), and Malay datu. Doublet of dato.

datu (title denoting a ruler of various pre-colonial and modern indigenous peoples of the Philippines)


masamang-loob

tl-noun

masamáng-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

masamáng-loób (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From masama (“bad; evil”) + -ng- + loob (“will”).

af

Mag-ingat sa mga masasamang-loob.

bad guy; villain; people with bad intentions


pahot

the tonguefish species Cynoglossus lingua, Cynoglossus puncticeps, Cynoglossus suyeni, and Symphurus marmoratus, indigenous to southeast Asia


baat

metal ring or a split rattan hoop used to wound around and reinforce handles of knives, bolos, chisels, etc.

adjustable rattan headband inside certain native hats or helmets to fit the head of the wearer


waak

Waak na ang damit ko dahil kinalmot ako ng pusa kanina.

The clothes are torn because the cat scratched me a while ago.


waak

May malaking waak sa hinahabi kong tela.

There is a long rip on the fabric I am weaving.


Barein

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


pasok

From Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”). Compare Malay masuk.

(by extension) infiltration; trespassing

Walang pasok sa Bagong Taon.

Maaga ang pasok ko bukas kaya hindi ako dapat magpuyat.

I have work early tomorrow so I shouldn't stay up late.


pasok

Pasok sila sa magandang eskuwelahan.


hayon

The latter half of the word is possibly iyon/yaon. See also niyon/noon, gayon/ganoon, doon, heto, hayan/ayan, ayon/ayun, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.

over there! yonder! (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


hayon

act or ability to carry on until the end


luses

Borrowed from Spanish luces, plural of luz (“light”), from Latin lūcem.


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC (“skin”).

act of shaving the head close to the scalp


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]


balat-sibuyas

tl-adj

balát-sibuyas (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔)

balát-sibuyas (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From balat (“skin”) + sibuyas (“onion”), literally “onion-skinned”.

compound

Balat-sibuyas si Sam kaya palagi tuloy siyang inaasar.

Sam is thin-skinned, hence she is constantly taunted.

(idiomatic) thin-skinned; overly sensitive


balat-sibuyas

Matindi ang trahedya sa pelikula; hindi ito para sa mga balat-sibuyas!

The tragedy in the film is intense; it is not for crybabies!

(idiomatic) someone who is easily bruised or cut


sibuyas

Early borrowing from Spanish cebollas, plural of cebolla (“onion”), demonstrating seseo and yeísmo.


Maan

a diminutive of the female given name Mary Ann


adaptasyon

tl-noun

adaptasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adaptasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


kapal ng mukha

kapál ng mukhâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ)

kapál ng mukhâ (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

From kapal (“thickness”) + ng (“of”) + mukha (“face”).

compound

(idiomatic, derogatory) condition of shamelessness; obnoxiousness; being egotistical


kapal ng mukha

tl-head

kapál ng mukhâ! (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ)

kapál ng mukhâ! (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

(idiomatic, derogatory) said to someone lavishly praising themselves, when they may be exaggerating or being full of themselves

(idiomatic, derogatory) retort to one having gall, disrespect or shamelessness


mukha

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “face; mouth”). Compare Malay muka.

bor+

(obsolete) page (one side of a leaf of a book)


mukha

Mukha kang paa.


tanan

escaped; ran away (of an escapee, fugitive, or deserter)


tanan

Borrowed from Cebuano tanan, from Proto-Philippine *tanan. Compare Hiligaynon tanan.


lealista

Borrowed from Spanish lealista. By surface analysis, leal + -ista.


kokaina

Borrowed from Spanish cocaína, from French cocaïne.


itim na butas

tl-noun

itím na butas (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔)

itím na butas (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see itim, na, butas.


noor

noor (canonical)
noór (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


inda

conscious of the feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc. (usually in the negative)


inda

feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc.


inda

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inda (“mother”). Compare Kapampangan inda. See also inday.


restoran

restorán or réstorán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

restorán (canonical)
réstorán (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ultimately from French restaurant, either through Spanish restorán or English restaurant.


bilo

cylindrical roll (of paper, cloth, etc.)

act of shaping or making something into a small, cylindrical roll


bilo

act of shaping kneaded flour or rice flour into ball-shaped lumps


bilo

(obsolete) any ball-shaped object (such as lumps of wax, lard, etc.)


hina ng loob

hinà ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hinà ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)


sira ang loob

tl-adj

sirâ ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

sirâ ang loób (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɪˌɾaʔ ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

[sɪˌɾaː ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

Sira ang loob ko nang mapanood ang balita at malaman ang nangyari na disgrasya.

I feel disheartened upon watching the news and finding out about the tragedy that happened.


bangus

From Proto-Philippine *baŋús. Compare Bikol Central bangus, Cebuano bangus, Eastern Bontoc fiangos, and Kapampangan bangus.

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual


palay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay. Cognate with Kapampangan pale, Ilocano pagay, Malay padi, Javanese ꦥꦫꦶ (pari), Tetum hare.


nasyon

Borrowed from Spanish nación, from Latin nātiōnem.


ampalaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria (“bitter melon”). Compare Ilocano paria, Pangasinan palya, Kapampangan apalia, Masbatenyo ampalaya, Cebuano paliya, and Malay peria. Doublet of apalya.


goli

goli (canonical)
golì (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Goli na!


Hesus

Borrowed from Spanish Jesús (“Jesus”), from Latin Iēsus, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Hebrew ישוע (yēšūaʿ). Doublet of Sisus.


baho

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq. Compare Cebuano baho, Chamorro pao (“smell”), Hawaiian hauhau, Maranao bau (“smell”), Malay bau (“smell”), Palauan bau (“smell”), and Tausug bahu (“smell”). See also Spanish vaho.


baho

Borrowed from Spanish bajo, from Late Latin bassus.


bayan

Contraction of bahayan (“place of houses or buildings”), from bahay + -an. Compare Kapampangan balen.

contraction

(obsolete) space between the ground and the sky


bayan

(relational) folk; popular (usually in compounds)


bayan

tl-verb

bayán (complete binayan, progressive binabayan, contemplative babayan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

bayán (canonical)
binayan (completive)
binabayan (progressive)
babayan (contemplative)
ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Syncopic form of bayuhan, from bayo + -han.

Alternative form of bayuhan (“to be pounded upon; to be crushed upon”)


kaha

Borrowed from Spanish caja, from Latin capsa possibly via Catalan caixa or Occitan caissa.


disgrasya

tl-noun

disgrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪsˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]


boykot

Borrowed from English boycott, first used during the Marcos era.

Dito pinasasagot sa tatlong tanong ang mga batang may isip na: Una, "Ano ang ibig, sabihin ng boykot para sa inyo"; pangalawa, "Naniniwala ba kayo na dapat magkaroon ng boykot? Bakit?"

Mahabang panahon ng rehimeng buktot, / Labingwalong taong liko at baluktot, / Umaalingasaw na gobyernong bulok. / Simulang lansagin sa bisa ng boykot!

2008, Poetika/politika: tinipong mga tula, UP Press, →ISBN, page 33:


salinidad

salinidád (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜒᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


lampaso

Borrowed from Spanish lampazo, from the neuter of Latin lappāceus, from Latin lappa (“burdock”).


lampas

From earlier langpas with the /ŋ/ turning to /m/ before /p/ due to assimilation. Alternatively, from Proto-Philippine *lampás (“go beyond, be excessive”), according to Blust (2023). Compare Bikol Central lampas, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lampas, Cebuano lapas. Doublet of lagpas.


lampas

exceeding; surpassing; going past (of boundaries, standards, race, etc.)

amount, length, width, or distance exceeded


aduwana

[ʔɐˈd̪waː.n̪ɐ]


adya

adyâ (canonical)
adyá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

salvation; redemption or delivery, as from sin, danger, etc.


adwa

(pathology) nausea; feeling of sickness at the stomach with an impulse to vomit


Fujiwara

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 藤原 (Fujiwara).


Shimabukuro

tl-proper noun

Shimabukuro (Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜊᜓᜃᜓᜇᜓ)

ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜊᜓᜃᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 島袋 (Shimabukuro).


Takahashi

A transliteration of the Japanese surname 高橋 (Takahashi)


Fujihara

[fʊ.d͡ʒɪˈhaː.ɾɐ]

[pʊ.d͡ʒɪˈhaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 藤原 (Fujihara).


Nakamura

Borrowed from Japanese 中村 (Nakamura) or 仲村 (Nakamura).


sedula

Borrowed from Spanish cédula, from Medieval Latin cedula, from Latin schedula. Doublet of iskedyul.

community tax certificate; residence certificate


istambay

Borrowed from English stand by. Compare Cebuano estambay.


demokrata

demókratá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜆ (Baybayin)


akselerasyon

tl-noun

akselerasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akselerasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English acceleration influenced by Spanish aceleración, from French accélération or directly from Latin accelerātiō.

pseudo-loan

(common) Alternative form of aselerasyon


pisil

From Proto-Austronesian *pisəl (“to pinch; to squeeze; to knead”).

inh

tight hold of the hand; hand pressure, as in holding something


martir

Borrowed from Spanish mártir (“martyr”), from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).


impis

deflated; sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


impis

condition of being deflated or sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


eks

Borrowed from English ex, the English name of the letter X/x.

the name of the Latin-script letter X/x, in the Filipino alphabet


Tsile

...na Kastila naman ang wikang ginagamit sa ibang mga bansang tulad ng Venezuela, Colombia, Ekuwador, Peru, Tsile, Bolibya, Paragway, Urugway, at Argentina. Katulad ng ating bansang Pilipinas, sinakop din ng mga Kastila ang mga bansang nabanggit.

1980, Yem klamangen benwu tekuy, Summer Institute of Linguistics:


sabit

hanging of an object (on a nail, hook, etc.)

condition of being caught on a nail, hook, etc. while in a hurry

tear or rip caused by being caught on a nail, hook, etc.


absolutista

tl-noun

absolutista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


huwes

Borrowed from Spanish juez, from Latin iūdex.


hukom

Borrowed from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm, “judgment”), possibly through Malay hukum. Compare Kapampangan ukum, Maranao kukum, Tausug hukum.

bor+

judge of a contest or a dispute settlement


kulintang

kulintáng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulintaŋ. Compare Tboli klintang, Yakan kwintangan, Indonesian kolintang, Indonesian kelenteng, Javanese ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦁ (klénthéng).


ehe

Borrowed from Spanish eje, from Old Spanish exe, from Latin axem. Doublet of aksis.


paos

From Southern Proto-Philippine *paʔus (“hoarse”). Compare Bikol Central paas, Cebuano paas, Kinaray-a paus, Cuyunon paus, Hiligaynon paus/laus, Waray-Waray laus.


sosi

Clipping of sosyal, according to Zorc (1993), or possibly from English saucy.

Suwerte lang niya at masalapi siya. Minsan, nagiging maganda ang isang babae kung maganda ang kutis at ang damit niya. Class. Mukhang sosi, sopistikada. Kaya sabi ng iba, maganda. Maganda raw ang ganoong babae. Sabi mo noong ...

2017, Bebang Siy, It's Raining Mens, Anvil Publishing, Incorporated via PublishDrive, →ISBN:

Iyon nga lang, sosi na talaga — nagpupulong sila sa pamamagitan ng teleeonferenee. ... Pero maraming nagsasabing masaya sila kung saan masaya si Nora; baka mas nais niya ang simpleng buhay pero napapaligiran ng mga tunay na ...

2005, Nestor De Guzman, Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat, →ISBN:

(slang) posh; fancy (associated with the higher classes)


Zamboanga

Borrowed from Spanish Zamboanga, from Central Sama Samboangan (“mooring place”) from samboang (“mooring pole”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), as attested in the Velarde Map (1734). A popular folk etymology may also attribute it to either Indonesian jambangan (“flower garden”) or Malay jambangan (“flower garden”) or Tausug jambangan (“flower garden”) from jambang (“flower pot”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), but this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s with the place being attested usually instead as "Samboangan".

suffix

Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula#English

Zamboanga City (a city in Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines)

either of the three provinces of the Zamboanga Peninsula

Zamboanga peninsula
w:Zamboanga peninsula

Zamboanga peninsula (a peninsula in Mindanao, Philippines)

Province of Zamboanga
w:Zamboanga (province)

Province of Zamboanga (a former province of Mindanao, Philippines)


estereotipo

tl-noun

estereotipo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish estereotipo, ultimately from Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”) and τύπος (túpos, “mold, cast”).


halari

[hɐˈlaː.ɾɪʔ]


palabas

Pinalo nila nang palabas ang bola.


palabas

Palabas na sila.


lantana

[lɐn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Lantana camara
Lantana camara#Translingual


putat

something taken or eaten as appetizer or to prevent surfeit


tabi

act of staying or passing along the side or border (of a road, river, etc.)

condition of being adjacent or being close together

act of keeping something in a safe place

act of saving for the future (especially of money)


tabi

tabì (canonical)
tabí (canonical)
ᜆᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay tabik, ultimately from Sanskrit क्षन्तव्य (kṣantavya). Compare Kapampangan tabi. See also bati and Malay tabek.

used to tell or order people to get out of one's way: out of the way!; excuse me!; move aside!; step aside!


howe

Borrowed from Hokkien 好的 (hó--ê, “significant other; boyfriend; girlfriend; sweetheart; soulmate”, literally “the good one”).

bor+

significant other; romantic partner; boyfriend; girlfriend; lover; sweetheart; soulmate


balato

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish barato. Doublet of barat and barato.

Minsan, nilapitan niya ako at binigyan ng balato na kung ilang libong piso. Masayang masaya ako, hindi ako tumaya pero para akong nanalo, hinalikan ko siya sa batok kasabay ang biro kong, “Ito lang ba?”

2003, Ligaya Tiamson-Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Bukal ng sining:

At one time, he approached me and gave me a consolation of around some thousand pesos. I'm very happy, I didn't made a bet but I felt like I won, that I kissed him on the neck along with a chuckle, "Is this it?"

(gambling) share of money or kind given away as goodwill by the winner (in gambling, a business deal, etc., especially in a game of balikutsa)


sumite

Borrowed from Spanish someter, from Latin summittere.

act of submission (of requirements, documents, etc.)


lusero

(astronomy) any bright star; morningstar


sinat

Compare Kapampangan senat / sanat / sinat.


sinat

Schefflera caudata (a smooth woody vine, the leaves of which are given with wine to women after childbirth and with irregular menstruation)


angas

boastfulness; arrogance (especially in one's words)


angat

higher in rank, position, standard of living, etc.


angat

slight lifting (of an object from its position)

superiority (in rank, position, standard of living, etc.)


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”).

wound; cut (any open injury on the skin)

(figurative) any hurt or injury to one's feelings, reputation, etc.


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]


ungis

(chiefly western Marinduque) dirt on one's face


panget

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]


pangat

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋat (“to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce”). Compare Ilocano pangat, Pangasinan pangat, Bikol Central pangat, Minangkabau pangat, and Malay pengat.

inh

fish cooked in water and vinegar and salt added


pangat

(slang) food (usually leftovers) that has been reheated multiple times for eating


suam

tl-noun

suam or suám (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ or ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔)

suam (canonical)
suám (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly from:
* From 醬／酱 (chiùⁿ, “viscous or thick liquid”) + 泔 (ám, “starch taken from cooked rice”), according to Manuel (1948).
* From 煮 (chú, “to cook”) + 泔 (ám, “rice broth”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).

sauteed fish or meat with garlic and ginger made into a broth with rice water


aseton

Borrowed from English acetone, from French acétone. Doublet of asetona.


sagi

sideswipe; grazing or light touch made in passing

momentary recollection of something long-forgotten

(colloquial) momentary dropping in while passing by (in a certain place)


undas

Borrowed from Spanish honras (“honors”), earlier spelled as honrras, or variant ondras, plural of honra (“honor; respect”), corrupted by /d/~/ɾ/ allophony. In Spanish pronunciation, ⟨h⟩ is silent. Ultimately from Latin honōrāre. Compare honras fúnebres (“funeral honors”).

All Saints' Day; November 1st (with associations of visiting family's graves)


tinis

shrillness; sonorousness; quality of being high-pitched (of one's voice)


malis

tl-verb

malís (complete nalis, progressive nanalis, contemplative aalis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

malís (canonical)
nalis (completive)
nanalis (progressive)
aalis (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


pagitan

[pɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐn̪]

Possibly from syncopic form of pagiitan, from pa- + giit + -an.

space; gap; interval; distance between two points


bubuli

tl-noun

bubulí or bubuli (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜎᜒ)

bubulí (canonical)
bubuli (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Lamprolepis smaragdina
Wikispecies:Lamprolepis smaragdina

emerald green skink (Lamprolepis smaragdina)


pabula

Borrowed from Spanish fábula, from Latin fābula. Doublet of abla and habla.


linis

From Proto-Philippine *linis (“clean”). Compare Bikol Central linig and Pangasinan linis.


linis

cleaned of garbage, dirt, etc. (of a place)


insulares

insulares (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish insulares, plural of insular.

(historical) Spaniard born in the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period)


satsat

Possibly from Spanish chacharear or Spanish cháchara.


satsat

tonsure; shaved bald patch (cut close to the scalp)


galit

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


galit

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


ga-

Possibly related to gaya (“like; imitated”).

ga- + bahay (“house”) → gabahay (“as big as a house”)

ga- + bundok (“mountain”) → gabundok (“as big as a mountain”)

used to indicate of a similarly big size: as big as; as large as

ga- + nito (“this”) → ganito (“like this”)

ga- + niyan (“that”) → ganiyan (“like that”)

used to indicate similarity: like; similar to


dilim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dələm, with root *-ləm. Cognate with Ilocano lidem (“dim”), Asi ruyom (“dark”), Aklanon dueom (“dark”), Cebuano dulom (“moonless; gloomy weather”), Maranao delem (“moonless night; black”), and Tausug dūm (“night”).


kompyuter

tl-noun

kompyuter (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kompiyuter.


sindikato

Borrowed from Spanish sindicato (“trade union”), influenced by English syndicate.


sisig

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of pig's face and belly)


pagtae

[pɐɡˈt̪aː.ʔɛ]


pinton

tall basket woven out of strips of bamboo for storing rice


seksismo

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Attested since the 1990's. Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English sexism due to the late attestation.

pseudo-loan

Si Aida ang sangkalan. Taludturang may tatag-tibay ang aagapay, sasalo sa dugo ng seksismo.

1990, Ani Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines · Volume 4:


direkta

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish directa, feminine singular of directo, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of deretso.


direkta

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]


ulon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulun (“rest the head on”). Compare ulo.


ulon

(geography, obsolete) small lake or puddle


dagis

From Proto-Philippine *daʀʔəs (“strain; physical effort”). Compare Pangasinan dages, Kapampangan dayas, Bikol Central dag-os.

(physiology) physical effort to eject or discharge the bowels or the womb as in defecation or childbirth


agnos

Borrowed from Spanish agnus, short for agnusdéi (“reliquary worn on the neck”), from Latin Agnus Deī, calque of Ancient Greek Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ (Amnòs toû Theoû).

der

Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ


garil

defect in speech; difficulty in pronouncing words


kampon

Compare Tausug kampung, Javanese ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (kampung), and Malay kampung.

brilliance or excellence of work or appearance


ospital

Borrowed from Spanish hospital, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of otel and hotel.


tyane

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɛʔ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of tiyane.


Tsino

tl-noun

Tsino (feminine Tsina, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓ)


kuripot

→ Ilocano: kuripot

→ Pangasinan: kuripot

→ Tausug: kuriput


Tsekwa

tlb

(colloquial, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive)

Possibly from a univerbation of Cebuano Intsik wakang or a blend of Intsik + tokwa, according to Zorc (1993).


Tsekwa

Chinese; Chink (pertaining to China and the Chinese culture)


Muzon

San Jose del Monte
San Jose del Monte#English

A former barangay of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

A barangay of Taytay, Rizal, Philippines

A barangay of Malabon, Metro Manila, Philippines

A barangay of San Luis, Batangas, Philippines


abentura

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪ˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aventura (“adventure”), from Vulgar Latin *adventura, from Late Latin adventurus, from Latin advenire, adventum (“to arrive”).


buson

From Spanish buzón, possibly connected to Boso II, king of Provence in the 10th century. From Frankish *bultjo, from Proto-Germanic *bultaz.


bulon

food that blocks the throat resulting to choking


arkeologo

tl-noun

arkeólogó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ)

arkeólogó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


sekreta

[sɛˈkɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Clipping of pulis sekreta, calque of Spanish policía secreta. Doublet of sekreto.

secret police; secret service man; detective; plainclothesman


anghel

Borrowed from Spanish ángel, from Late Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos). Doublet of ansilis.


adorasyon

adorasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adorasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪o.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish adoración, from Latin adorātiōnem.


nibel

Borrowed from Spanish nivel, ultimately from Latin libella. Doublet of lebel.


batak

Compare Cebuano batak, Hiligaynon batak, and Kapampangan batak.

pull towards oneself; drag towards oneself; haul towards oneself

object which one pulls or drags towards oneself

(slang) act of administering an illegal drug (such as methamphetamine, cannabis, etc.)


batak

(colloquial, figurative) well-exercised; muscular; well-trained (of one's body)


Ferrer

Borrowed from Spanish Ferrer, from Catalan Ferrer.


lagos

piercing and reaching to the opposite side in a continuous motion


lagos

penetration; piercing through (from side to side)

act of passing through and through (as through a tunnel)


senyal

Borrowed from Spanish señal. Doublet of senyales.


lukton

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(e)tún (“young locust”).


balbas

Borrowed from Spanish barbas, plural of barba. Compare Bikol Central barabas.

Mahaba ang kanyang balbas.


Sta.

tl-noun

Sta. (masculine Sto., Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)


kongreso

ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish congreso, from Latin congressus.


pulon

act of winding or coiling something on a spool or its equivalent


shabu

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese shabu, the Hepburn romaji of シャブ (shabu, “stimulant”) (cf. Indonesian sabu). From the 1980s.

Nakakaramdam siya ng pagnanasa. Mas masidhi ang sumpong ng isang taong bitin o kulang sa sex. Lalo na kung kargado sa gamot o bumatak ng shabu. Tulad ngayong solong nagmumukmok ang kanyang laman.

2000, Tomas F. Agulto, Sa. Ba. Tri: sa masaganang milenyo, →ISBN:

He has sexual desire toward her. The temperament of a person lacking in sex is more intense, especially when he is high on [illegal] drugs or he sniffed shabu, like right now, when his body is sulking solo.

[The police] confiscated a .45-caliber pistol, three improvised shotguns and sachets of suspected methamphetamine, and marked money from the suspects.

2017 July 11, Jamil Santos, '"4 na drug suspect na nanlaban daw sa mga pulis, patay sa buy-bust operation", GMA News Nakuha sa mga suspek ang cal .45 baril, tatlong improvised shotgun at mga sachet ng hinihinalang shabu, at marked money [...]

(informal) methedrine; methamphetamine; crystal meth

(slang) ya ba (tablet containing a mix of methamphetamine and caffeine)


kaban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“storage chest”). Compare Pangasinan kaban Hanunoo kaban, Bikol Central kaban, Aklanon kaban, Cebuano kaban, Maranao kaban, Western Bukidnon Manobo kavan, Tausug kaban, and Malay keban. See also Japanese 鞄(かばん) (kaban, “bag”), Hokkien 合萬／合万 (kap-bān, “cashbox; till”), Teochew 合萬／合万 (kap buāng, “safebox”), Cantonese 夾萬／夹万 (gaap³ maan⁶, “safebox”)

cog

chest; trunk (especially one for clothes)

kaban ng bayan

public treasury (literally, “coffers of the people”)

treasury; coffers (supply or store of money)


kaban

→ Spanish: caván

According to Blust (2010–), it is listed as a loan distributed among many Philippine languages, such as Ilocano kaban, Kankanaey kaban, Pangasinan kaban, Kasiguranin kaban, Bikol Central kaban, Cebuano kaban, Agutaynen kaban, and many more, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“dry measure for grain etc.”).

inh

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


kaban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“companion, member of a group (of animals or people); friend”). Doublet of kawan.

kabang ibon

tatlong kabang baka

isang kaban ng baboy

isang kabang pukyutan


yeba

Borrowed from Spanish lleva, formerly used as a cheer in sporting events. It was popularized by former Manila mayor Antonio Villegas during his campaign and incumbency.

cry expressing joy, triumph, approval or support: hurrah


sapit

(colloquial) attainment (as of one'a ambition)


dilis

From Proto-Philippine *dilis (“long-jawed anchovy”). Compare Malay bilis.

Stolephorus commersonnii
Wikispecies:Stolephorus commersonnii

Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii)


dilis

From Proto-Austronesian *dələs (“bowstring”).


kima

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kima (“giant clam”). Cognate with Malay kima, Palauan kim (“kind of clam”).


hagis

throw; cast (towards someone or something)


singil

collection or demanding of payment (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)

fee; amount charged (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)


yayo

tl-noun

yayo (feminine yaya, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish yayo (“grandpa”). Compare Cebuano yayo, Catalan iaio, Aragonese yayo.


ilat

[ˈʔiː.lɐt̪̚]

dry bed of rivulet (easily flooded during rainy season)

estuary; creek (especially when dry or having just a little water)


latik

latik (solid coconut curds, residue of coconut oil extraction by boiling)

latik (thick, syrupy, caramelized condiment from reducing coconut milk and sugar)


tutos

(sewing) act of sewing something with loose, temporary stitches


lumbo

(neologism) beaker (used as a laboratory container)


pekpek

(anatomy, colloquial, vulgar) vagina; pussy; female genital organ


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


SPG

[ˌʔɛs pɪ ˈd͡ʒi]

Borrowed from English SPG; the meaning being a phono-semantic matching of English strong parental guidance. Coined by Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 2012.

coinage

(television, film) Initialism of striktong patnubay at gabay: strong parental guidance (television content rating in the Philippines used for programs containing mature or disturbing graphic content and subject matter, and/or coarse language that are not suitable for children without parental supervision)


pundo

Early borrowing from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Doublet of pondo.


ekis

(figurative) staggering or tottering movement (as of a drunk)


ambon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ambun (“dew, mist, fog”). Compare Aklanon ambon (“fog; mist; haze”) and Malay embun (“dew”).


kaliwa

From Proto-Philippine *kali(n)wala with elision of the second /l/, from Southern Proto-Philippine *walah. Compare Bikol Central wala, Asi wala, Aklanon waea, Cebuano wala, Butuanon kawa, Surigaonon waya, and Tausug lawa.


klorin

Borrowed from English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós). The stress shifted to the final syllable. Doublet of kloro.


pungas

confused and half-asleep after waking up


dinumero

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]

dinumero:


dinumero

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]


halaman

Compare Tausug halaman (“garden; yard”) and Malay halaman (“courtyard”).

(figuratively, colloquial) a person incapable of feeling anything related to love


eskalera

[ʔɛs.kɐˈlɛː.ɾɐ]

(gambling) consecutive number of the same type of card or die


kornik

cornick (a Filipino deep-fried crunchy puffed corn nut snack)


lansa

From Proto-Philippine *laŋsa (“odor of fish, blood”), possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋ(ə)si (“fishy smell”), from Proto-Austronesian *laŋ(ə)si (“unpleasant odor”). Compare Bikol Central langsi, Aklanon eangsa, Cebuano langsa, and Maranao langensa.

characteristic smell of blood (perceived as similar to a fishy smell)


lansa

Borrowed from Spanish lanza, from Old Spanish lança, from Latin lancea, of Celtiberian origin.


adaptador

adaptadór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


motmot

Reduplication of clipping of motel, from English motel in the sense of short-stay hotel, in Philippine English.


patis

Borrowed from Malay petis (“shrimp paste”), from Javanese ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱ꧀ (petis, “fish or shrimp extract”).

der

fish sauce, a byproduct of making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines


senyales

Borrowed from Spanish señales, plural of señal. Doublet of senyal.

sign or indications of good or bad fortune


lakas

Borrowed from Malay lekas (“speed”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləkas (“quick, quickly”). Compare Kapampangan lakas (“strength”).

daringness; fearlessness (of one's will or spirit)


kupas

obsolete; out of date; no longer in use or popular


kupas

fading of color; discoloration (especially of clothes)

(figurative) loss; waning (of strength, beauty, popularity, etc.)


bolera

female equivalent of bolero: female flatterer


lungas

broken off; partly broken (said of teeth, but with root stumps still attached to the gums)


Menorca

Borrowed from Spanish Menorca, after the name of Minorca (one the Balearic Islands), from Late Latin Minorca, Minorica, from Latin Balearis Minor.


amatista

Borrowed from Spanish amatista (“amethyst”), Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos).


apostolado

tl-noun

apostolado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apostolado, from Late Latin apostolātus.


dalit

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria


saks

From clipping of sakto + -s (suffix used in Tagalog slang), from eksakto.


askad

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan askad. Compare also Bikol Central asgad.

bitterish acrid taste (as of orange peelings)


kupad

sluggishness; slowness (in moving or doing something)


lutad

worn-out, damaged, or softened by much use


pekas

Borrowed from Spanish pecas (“freckles”).

bor+

Na may mga pekas sa braso at mga pekas sa likod. Na may damit na asul at mga binti sa ilalim. Lumitaw sa pintuan si batang Lenin na nakapulang shorts na Stretchlon. Nakatayo siya sa isang payat na binti na parang isang tagak at pinilipit ...

2002, Arundhati Roy, Monico M. Atienza, Diyos ng maliliit na bagay, →ISBN:

Lumilitaw sa palibot ng lug ng halamang palay ang mga pekas (lesions) na pahaba, abuhin o krema na kulay-kape sa gilid. Unti-unting pagkamatay o pagkabali- ng hala mang palay sa may liig. Panahon ng Pagdapo ng Sakit Nabubulok ang ...

Naglalaro ang dila ni Nadera sa balag ng alanganin, sa kakatwa, sa mga lingid na puyo ng isip, sa mga singit ng lunggati, sa mga pekas, pasa, singa, at muta ng nakamihasnan nating kalagayan at katotohanan. Naglalandas ang dila ni ...

1993, Ariel Dim Borlongan, Pasintabi ng kayumanggi:

lesions, especially on the skin, usually associated with melasma


tigas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀas (cf. Bikol Central tagas, Cebuano tugas (“molave”), Ibanag nategga (“hard”), Indonesian teras and Malay teras (“heart of wood”), Maranao tegas).

firmness; resolution; inflexibility (in one's decision)

heartwood (wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch)


lapad

From Proto-Philippine *lapad (“wide”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *də(m)paD (“flat and wide”). Compare Pangasinan lapar, Bikol Central lapat, Asi yapar, Cebuano lapad, Aklanon eapad, and Betawi dampar.


lapad

act of hitting someone with the broad side of a bolo

Sardinella albella
Wikispecies:Sardinella albella


takip

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *takəp (“cover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta(ŋ)kəp, ultimately a meaning shift from Proto-Austronesian *takəp (“to double in layer”). Compare Kapampangan takap, Bikol Central takop, Hiligaynon takop, and Waray-Waray takop. See also Maranao tekep and Malay tekap.

inh

cover; covering; lid; cap; anything that covers


Atlantiko

tl-proper noun

Atlántikó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ)

Atlántikó (canonical)
ᜀᜆ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish atlántico, from Latin ātlanticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀτλαντικός (Atlantikós, “Atlantean, of Atlas”).


Mediteraneo

tl-proper noun

Mediteráneó (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ)

Mediteráneó (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[mɛ.d̪ɪ.t̪ɛˌɾaː.n̪ɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish mediterráneo, from Latin mediterrāneus.

Dagat Mediteraneo
Dagat Mediteraneo#Tagalog

Ellipsis of Dagat Mediteraneo: Mediterranean Sea


Mediteraneo

[mɛ.d̪ɪ.t̪ɛˌɾaː.n̪ɛˈo]


sakramento

tl-noun

sakramento (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sacramento, from Old Spanish sagramento, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum.