holdaper

(loosely) kidnapper; robber; carjacker; highwayman


tulay

From Proto-Philippine *tulay (cf. Bikol Central tulay, Cebuano tulay, Hiligaynon tulay, Waray-Waray tulay).


probinsyano

tl-noun

probinsyano (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of probinsiyano.


kalunos-lunos

tl-adj

kalunos-lunos or kalunós-lunós (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

kalunos-lunos (canonical)
kalunós-lunós (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


tulisan

→ Bikol Central: tulisan

→ Cebuano: tulisan

→ Ilocano: tulisan

→ Spanish: tulisán

Philippine_revolts_against_Spain#Agrarian Revolt of 1745

From tulis (“sharpness”) + -an.
For the sense “robber; brigand; bandit; outlaw”, the word can be interpreted literally as “pointed; bladeholder; person with a pointed weapon”. The usage of the sense was said to have started appearing after the Agrarian Revolt of 1745 in Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, and in Bulacan where indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the basis of ancestral domain. Doublet of tulisanes.

m-g

Nag dadaan doong nagtatawid bayan ay pulupulutong, at kung minsa'y kaban at sa pang̃ing̃ilag sa sila'y maharang sa gubat ng̃ mg̃a nag galang tulisan.

1898, Joaquin Mañibo, Mga dakilang Kababalaghan likha ng̃ Martir sa Kalvario:


tulisan

tl-verb

tulisan (complete tinulisan, progressive tinutulisan, contemplative tutulisan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐᜈ᜔)

tinulisan (completive)
tinutulisan (progressive)
tutulisan (contemplative)
ᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tulis (root)
tulisan (infinitive)
tinulisan (completive root)
tinutulisan (progressive root)
inatulisan (dialectal progressive root)
tutulisan (contemplative objective)
atulisan (contemplative dialectal objective)
tulisi (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-in-an

tulisan

tulisan

to make pointed; to make the point sharp


tulisan

Amblygaster clupeoides
w:Amblygaster clupeoides

bleeker smoothbelly sardinella (Amblygaster clupeoides, a type of small fish similar to tamban)


ulap

Compare Kapampangan ulap (“fog”) and Ilocano ulep.

(figurative) something that darkens, obscures, or makes gloomy


niyog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ. Compare Chamorro niyok, Hawaiian niu, Malay nyiur, Mansaka iyog, and Palauan lius.

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


trapiko

Borrowed from Spanish tráfico, from Italian traffico. Doublet of trapik.

traffic (pedestrians or vehicles on roads)


trapik

Borrowed from English traffic, from Middle French trafique, traffique (“traffic”), from Italian traffico (“traffic”). Doublet of trapiko.


baklad

→ Cebuano: baklad

From Proto-Philippine *bakəlad, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakəlad.


aktibidad

tl-noun

aktibidád (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

aktibidád (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish actividad (“activity”). Doublet of aktibidades.


praksis

Borrowed from English praxis, from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action, activity, practice”).


sundalo

(colloquial, figurative) one's male child


lugit

[ˈluː.ɣɪt̪̚]

extension of deadline for payment (of one's debts, bills, etc.)

additional length added as allowance for shrinkage

handicap given to a player in games (as in racing, boxing, etc.)


anaman

any of the big beams of the upper frame of a house or building


angkas

Possibly from the following:
* Borrowed from Spanish ancas, plural of anca (“haunch”), with a stress shift due to having a closed penultimate syllable.
* Inherited from Proto-Philippine *aŋkás.
Compare Aklanon angkas and Tausug angkas.

riding together on the same vehicle or horseback (mostly vehicles where one needs to straddle)


angkas

ride together on the same vehicle or horseback (mostly vehicles where one needs to straddle)


prangko

franc (former currency of France and other countries)


prangko

tl-adj

prangko (feminine prangka, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜃᜓ)

frank; honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; straightforward; not reserved or disguised


patid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *patəd (“chop, hack off”). Compare Kapampangan patad, Maranao pated, Bikol Central patod, and Ilocano puted.

inh

ended; stopped from something continuous


patid

act of cutting, parting, or breaking off something


ligid

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]


ligid

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]


ligid

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]

condition of being surrounded or encircled (of enemies, etc.)


asador

[ʔɐ.sɐˈd̪oɾ]


bakwit

defective in pronunciation (in one's speech)


sinigang

[sɪ.n̪ɪˈɣaŋ]

From sigang + -in-. See also Malay singgang (“fish stewed in sour ingredients”).


barong Tagalog

tl-noun

barong Tagalog or baróng Tagalog (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔)

barong Tagalog (canonical)
baróng Tagalog (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


Zambales

Borrowed from Spanish Zambales, from the plural of zambal + -es, referring to the Sambal people, from Sambali Sambal.

Zambales (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines)


bahala na

From ellipsis of bahala ka na (“you are with burden already”) where ka (“you”) is omitted, then conflated with Bathala (“the precolonial Supreme deity of the Tagalog people”), which an expression was preconceived, Bathala na (literally “(leave it to) God already”). In this case, bahala was preserved, but the notion remained that it was short for bahala na ang Diyos (“God will take care of it; leave it to God”, literally “burden already of God”).

ellipsis

expresses fatalistic resignation, optimistic acceptance, or plain indifference in an uncertain or difficult circumstance: come what may


pukot

From Proto-Central Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pukət.


tabang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)baŋ. Compare Bikol Central tabang and Cebuano tab-ang.


kutsaron

kutsarón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kʊ.t͡ʃɐˈɾon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish cucharón (“ladle”).


luwag

looseness of fit (of clothes, apparel, tie, etc.)

laxity (of enforcement of laws, policies, etc.)


ipon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qi(m)pun (“heap, collection; to gather, heap up”). Compare Aklanon impon and Malay himpun.

inh

collected matter; accumulation (of objects)

gathering; collecting (of things into one place)


ipon

gathered; collected (of things into one place)


magha

Borrowed from Sanskrit मेघ (megha, “cloud”). Compare Malay mega, Javanese ꦩꦺꦒ (méga), Old Javanese megha.


platito

Borrowed from Spanish platito. By surface analysis, plato + -ito.


agay-ay

[ʔɐ.ɣaɪ̯ˈʔaɪ̯]


namok

(now dialectal, Marinduque) Alternative form of lamok: mosquito


lawak

great extent; extensive (of power or authority)

area; field (of investigation, research, endeavor, etc.)


paraiso

Borrowed from Spanish paraíso. Compare Indonesian paradiso.

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual


depinisyon

tl-noun

depinisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

depinisyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


destabilisasyon

destabilisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

destabilisasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English destabilization, and influenced by Spanish -ción.


hawak

act of holding on to something (to support oneself)

possession; ownership (of power, responsibility, etc.)

act of taking a woman as one's common-law wife


listahan

Ang sumusunod ay listahan ng mga maka-Kanang grupong vigilante sa buong kapuluan.

1987, National Mid-week, Volume 2, Issues 15-28, Lagda Pub. Incorporated, page 18:

The following is a list of the right-wing vigilante group in the whole archipelago.

Heto ang listahan ng mga dapat mong bilhin ngayong araw.

2014, Jiedson R. Domigpe, Nenita Pambid Domingo, Elementary Tagalog: Tara, Mag-Tagalog Tayo! Come On, Let's Speak Tagalog! (MP3 Audio CD Included), →ISBN, page 151:

Here is the list of the things you must buy today.


listahan

listahán (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lista (root)
listahan (infinitive)
nilistahan (completive root)
nililistahan (progressive root)
inalistahan (dialectal progressive root)
lilistahan (contemplative objective)
alistahan (contemplative dialectal objective)
listahi (dialectal imperative objective)

listahan


kompleto

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tl-head

ang pagsasabi ng tapát ay pagsasama ng maluwát (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜊᜒ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜆᜉᜆ᜔ ᜀᜌ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔)

/ʔaŋ paɡsaˌsabi naŋ taˌpat ʔaj paɡsaˌsama naŋ maluˈat/

[ʔɐm pɐɡ.sɐˌsaː.bɪ n̪ɐn̪ t̪ɐˌpat̪ ʔaɪ̯ pɐɡ.sɐˌsaː.mɐ n̪ɐŋ mɐˈlwat̪̚]

Literally, “to speak the truth is staying together long for good”.

lit

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat

frankness in speech makes for a more lasting friendship


taklobo

Tridacna gigas
Tridacna gigas#Translingual


bukayo

Compare Ilocano bokayo, Kapampangan bukayu, Cebuano bukhayo, Hiligaynon bukayo, and Maranao bokayo'.

bukayo (Filipino dessert made from sweetened coconut strips)


polboron

polborón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish polvorón (“A type of shortbread made of flour, sugar, milk, and nuts”), from pólvora, from Latin pulvis, pulveris.

bor+

a cake, usually round or oval in shape, made by compacting a mixture of toasted flour, skimmed milk, margarine and sugar, usually wrapped in colored cellophane or washi paper

a round biscuit or bread similar to its Spanish predecessor


biskotso

ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish bizcocho, from Old Spanish biscocho, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”). Doublet of biskuwit.

der

bread toasted to brittleness or crispiness


puto maya

puto maya (a rice cake pastry made by boiling glutinous rice in coconut milk with sugar and grated coconut, as an easier alternative to puto, which is cooked steamed)


maluwat

tl-adj

maluwát (plural maluluwat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔)

maluwát (canonical)
maluluwat (plural)
ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Maluwat pa bago mamatay ang mangkukulam.

Panalo ang pula ayon sa tagahatol. Hiyawan ang mga manonood— maluwat na sigawang narinig sa buong bayan!

The red won according to the judge. Crowd cheers— long delayed cheers that was heard the whole town!


maluwat

Maluwat na kaming nabitay kung wala lang kaming kapatid na babae.

We could have been hanged for good if not for having a sister.

Tanggapin natin nang maluwat ang pagpapasya ng ina.

Let us accept for good what mother has decided.


maluwat

tl-verb

maluwát (complete naluwat, progressive naluluwat, contemplative maluluwat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔)

maluwát (canonical)
naluwat (completive)
naluluwat (progressive)
maluluwat (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Datapuwa't kung sabihin ng aliping yaon sa kaniyang puso, Maluluwatan ang pagdating ng aking panginoon; at magpasimulang bugbugin ang mga aliping lalake at ang mga aliping babae, at kumain at uminom, at maglasing;

and maidens, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken;

But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants


labanos

Borrowed from Spanish rábanos, plural of rábano (“radish”), from Latin raphanus, from Ancient Greek ῥάφανος (rháphanos).


mustasa

Borrowed from Spanish mostaza, from Latin mustāceus, from mustum (“must”), because the condiment was originally prepared with must.


abswelto

tl-adj

abswelto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of absuwelto.


abswelto

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tanglad

Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus#Translingual


kabog

loud, heavy sound, as that caused by a heavy, falling object

(western Marinduque) bat (flying mammal)


Musulman

Musulmán (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish musulmán, from French musulman, from Ottoman Turkish مسلمان (Müslüman, “Muslim”), from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “Muslim”), possibly via its plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn). Doublet of Muslim.


upo

Borrowed from Hokkien 葫匏 (ô͘-pû, “calabash”).

bor+

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

opo squash; calabash (Lagenaria siceraria)


upo

act or time of assuming the function of an office (of someone newly elected)


singkamas

singkamás (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜋᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jícamas, plural of jícama (“jicama”), from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl.

Pachyrhizus erosus
Wikispecies:Pachyrhizus erosus


ampaw

Uncertain. Possibly either:
* From Chinese, possibly Hokkien. Compare Spanish hampáo, English ampao, Cebuano ampaw, Ilocano ampaw, Bikol Central ampaw, Aklanon ampaw, Maranao ampaw.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampaw (“empty husk (of rice, etc.)”).

inh

sweetened or syruped snack made from puffed rice, or peanut, or popcorn

(construction) honeycomb air pockets forming in concrete (when applied incorrectly)

(colloquial, slang) weak person; frail person


ampaw

(figurative, colloquial, slang) weak; infirm; frail; feeble

(construction) having honeycomb air pockets in concrete (when applied incorrectly)


ampaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 紅包／红包 (âng-pau), with sound shift from /n/ to /m/ preceding labial consonants.

Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year#English

red envelope; hongbao (red envelope used for money given as gift in Chinese New Year)


malisa

Borrowed from Sanskrit मरीच (marīca, “black pepper”). Compare Malay merica.


tutok

act of pointing a gun closely at someone

(by extension) act of paying attention or focusing (on someone or something)


ubos

From Proto-Central Philippine *ubus, from Proto-Philippine *qubus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubus. Compare Ilocano obos, Itawit ufut, Kankanaey umus, Casiguran Dumagat Agta obus, Bikol Central ubos, Cebuano ubus, Maranao obos, Tausug ubus, Old Javanese huwus, Makasar obus, and Chamorro upos.

Ubos na ang pera ko.


purok

district; locality; neighborhood; area; region


baryo

Borrowed from Spanish barrio, from Andalusian Arabic بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “exterior”), from Classical Arabic بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “wild”).

der

barrio; village; suburban district of a municipality; borough


sityo

Borrowed from Spanish sitio, from Latin situs.

district; portion of a village or barrio


balangay

→ Spanish: barangay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baraŋay. Compare Malay berangai (“pirate boat or proa”). Doublet of barangay.

(historical, nautical) a type of wooden watercraft Austronesian people used when they migrated to the Philippines with 12 to 16 rowers

community of people; group of families; village

local branch; lodge (of groups such as the Freemasonry)


balangay

[bɐ.lɐˈŋaɪ̯]

Compare Malay berangai (“apparently dead; in a state of suspended animation”).

cog

(pathology) sudden death due to cerebral hemorrhage or cardiac arrest


gasera

From gas + -era, possibly influenced by Spanish gasera (“gas tanker vessel”).


tungod

about; concerning; regarding (usually with sa or kay)


rubyo

tl-adj

rubyo (feminine rubya, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish rubio (“blond”), from Latin rubeus.


andaderas

[ʔɐn̪.d̪ɐˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish andaderas, plural of andadera.


alangaang

[ʔɐ.lɐˈŋaː.ʔɐŋ]


alambrera

[ʔɐ.lɐmˈbɾɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish alambrera (“wiring”).


alahero

tl-noun

alahero (feminine alahera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜑᜒᜇᜓ)

[ʔɐ.lɐˈhɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish alhajero (“jewelry box”), the shift in meaning due to Spanish -ero being reinterpreted as the doer suffix. By surface analysis, alahas + -ero.


akbay

act or manner of putting one's arm over another's shoulder


luwat

Ang luwat ng takbuha'y inabot ng tanghaling-tapat.

The extent of the run reached high noon.


sabongero

tl-noun

sabongero (feminine sabongera, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜊᜓᜅᜒᜇᜓ)


suplado

tl-adj

suplado (feminine suplada, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish soplado (“blown; inflated”).

bor+

conceited; snobbish; puffed up (in manners)


kusinera

[kʊ.sɪˈn̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cocinera (“female cook”).

female equivalent of kusinero: female cook


kusinero

tl-noun

kusinero (feminine kusinera, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish cocinero (“cook”).


reklamador

reklamadór (feminine reklamadora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

reklamadór (canonical)
reklamadora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish reclamador, possibly Philippine Spanish.

complainer; whiner (one who frequently complains)


reklamador

fond of complaining; given to complaints


binaysok

binaysók (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈᜌ᜔ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


palakol

Possibly from Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “axe”), according to Potet (2016).


panahon

From pan- + *tahon, with the root from Malay tahun, or presumably an older form of taon. By surface analysis, pan- + taon. Compare Ilocano panawen and Pangasinan panaon.

a point in time; a duration of time, while

Panahong Bakal

panahon ng ani

panahon ng Pasko

panghinaharap na panahon


panahon

cultivation of palm or coconut trees in other's land


panahon

Possibly related to Malay penaung (“patron; guardian; protector”), from naung.

cog

act of staying in someone else's home to protect them


kalaunan

Kalaunan, ang bulkan ay naging tahimik.

After a long time, the volcano became quiet.


kiyo

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). Compare Hokkien 叫雞／叫鸡 (kiò-koe, “to visit a prostitute”, literally “to call a chicken”). See also kuwekong.


kasilyas

Borrowed from Spanish casillas, plural of casilla (“booth”).


bilo-bilo

biló-biló (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜓᜊᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

Reduplication of possibly either:
* bilo (“act of shaping kneaded flour or rice flour into ball-shaped lumps”)
* Hokkien 米糯 (bí-lō, “glutinous rice”) according to Chan-Yap (1980)

glutinous rice balls (eaten with ginatan)


bilo-bilo

Reduplication of possibly either bilo (“cylindrical roll”) or Spanish velo (“veil”).


ngay

Ikaw ngay?

Used to question the listener
for a response or affirmation

Nasan ka na ngay?

Where are you? [I have been waiting for so long!]

Used to question the listener
that implies impatience.

Ano ngay yan?

Used to question the listener
that implies dismay or disgust.

Oo ngay.

Used to agree with what the listener has said.

Wala ngay akong magagawa.

Wala ngay akong magagawa.

[I'm sorry], I wasn't able to do anything.


bilot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-lut (“to twist around”).


bilot

tlb

(now dialectal, chiefly Southern Tagalog)


kutsarita

[kʊ.t͡ʃɐˈɾiː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).

bor+

Alternanthera ficoidea
Wikispecies:Alternanthera ficoidea

parrot leaf (Alternanthera ficoidea, a kind of decorative plant with small reddish-green leaves and usually planted in rows)


atribida

[ʔɐ.t̪ɾɪˈbiː.d̪ɐ]


atribido

tl-adj

atribido (feminine atribida, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓ)

atribida (feminine)
ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


senyorita

tl-noun

senyorita (masculine senyorito, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆ)

senyorito (masculine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish señorita, diminutive of señora.

(derogatory) lazy, young woman doing no work (may also be disobedient to elders and maltreats servants)

(archaic) young mistress; daughter of the master or mistress of a household


beterano

experienced (in a certain activity or position)


senyorito

senyorito (feminine senyorita, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

senyorita (feminine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish señorito, diminutive of señor, from Old Spanish sennor, from Latin senior, seniōrem (“elder”), comparative form of senex (“old”).

(derogatory) lazy, young man doing no work (may also be disobedient to elders and maltreats servants)

(archaic) young master; son of the master or mistress of a household


nars

Borrowed from English nurse, from Old French norrice, from Late Latin nūtrīcia, from Latin nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).


kuwaderno

Borrowed from Spanish cuaderno (“notebook”).


akawntant

tl-noun

akawntant (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜀᜃᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˈxaʊ̯n̪.t̪ɐn̪t̪]


Chiyoko

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese ちよこ (Chiyoko).


Shizuko

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese しずこ (Shizuko).


buyo

→ English: buyo

→ Spanish: buyo


buyo

condition of being absorbed or engrossed (in what one is doing)


buyo

engrossed; absorbed (in what one is doing)


guwapa

tl-adj

guwapa (masculine guwapo, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜉ)

Borrowed from Spanish guapa (“beautiful”).


sugod

rushing forward; advancing quickly; sudden dash (in an attack, etc.)

sudden departure or leaving (to a certain place, especially due to something urgent)


sugod

impulsive; acting upon impulse without thinking


dalaginding

tl-noun

dalagindíng (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅ᜔)

dalagindíng (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɐ.lɐ.ɣɪn̪ˈd̪iŋ]

From dalaginday + -ing (diminutive suffix).

(euphemistic, offensive, humorous) effeminate young man


mestisa

tl-adj

mestisa (masculine mestiso, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ)

mestiza; mixed-blood female; half blood girl; mixed-race woman; mixed heritage lady


mestisa

a female Filipino beauty standard, typically described as a beautiful young woman with physical traits non-native or foreign to the Philippines, especially those of Spanish heritage


mestiso

mestiso (feminine mestisa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜓ)

mestizo; mixed-blood; half-blooded; mixed-race; mixed heritage


mestiso

(by extension) handsome fair-skinned male, usually of mixed Filipino and white heritage


ayaw

ayaw (canonical)
ayáw (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *ayáw (“do not”). Cognate with Cebuano ayaw (“do not”). Compare also Javanese ꦲꦪ꧀ꦮ (aywa, “do not”) and Old Javanese haywa (“do not”).


ayaw

From Proto-Central-Philippine *áyaw (“to leave, redistribute”), from Proto-Philippine *ayáw (“depart; separate from”). Cognates with Mansaka ayaw (“to leave”) and Cebuano ayaw (“to cry (as a child) when left behind”).


ayaw

act of leaving something (either on purpose or accidentally)


tsinita

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪iː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish chinita, or analytically from Tsina + -ita.

female equivalent of tsinito: young Chinese girl

female equivalent of tsinito: young girl with Chinese features (especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


tsinita

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪iː.t̪ɐ]


burol

From Proto-Philippine *bulú(dj) (“mountain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulur (compare Timugon and Tagal Murut bulur, Central Dusun nulu, and Eastern Bontoc filig).


exag

excessively sentimental; oversentimental; overemotional

having a tendency to overact or overreact


industriya

tl-noun

indústriyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ)

indústriyá (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

industry (a group of businesses of the same type)

industry (businesses that produce goods as opposed to services)


talaw

Said to be borrowed from Hokkien 大要 (tāi-iàu, “essential meaning”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

first stroke of axe on wood (to test the strength or determine the point of cut)


Tita

tl-noun

Tita (masculine Tito, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜆ)

Tita Maria

(familiar) honorific used before the name of an aunt: Aunt; Auntie


buwang

overturning; capsizing (such as of boats or cauldrons)


tsinito

tsinito (feminine tsinita, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish chinito, or analytically from Tsino + -ito.

young boy with Chinese features (especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


tsinito

with Chinese features (of a person, especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


paletada

Borrowed from Spanish paletada (“trowelful; shovelful”).


kaputol

a slice of a whole; a cut of a whole; a piece of a whole; a part of a whole; fragment

a link; a connection of any communication

a person one divides or splits a whole with


diwa

Borrowed from Malay jiwa, from Sanskrit जीव (jīvá). Doublet of bibo.


diwa

Diwa darating siya ngayon?

Diwa'y pinawawalan mo na akong halaga.

It appears as if you do not put importance on me.

Diwa nga'y gayon ang nangyari.


hakot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakut, from Proto-Austronesian *SakuC. Compare Paiwan sakuc, Mansaka akot, and Malay angkut.

delivery; loading and transferring of goods


hakot

transported, delivered, or carried (to the destination)


kaedad

[kɐ.ʔɛˈd̪ad̪̚]


kaedad

[kɐ.ʔɛˈd̪ad̪̚]


balingkinitan

tl-adj

balingkinitan (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

slender; lean; long and thin (of one's body)


tenyente

ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɛˈɲɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

[t̪ɛn̪ˈjɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish teniente, from Latin tenentem. Doublet of tininte.


kabatuganan

tl-noun

kabatuganan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜆᜓᜄᜈᜈ᜔)


balisawsaw

balisawsáw (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜏ᜔ᜐᜏ᜔)

balisawsáw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜏ᜔ᜐᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)


balinghat

balinghát (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜑᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

blown inside-out (as an umbrella by the wind)


katig

[ˈkaː.t̪ɪɡ̚]

(figurative) support; endorsement; patronage

(figurative) vote in favor of or supporting (a motion, proposal, suggestion, etc.)

(figurative) siding; taking sides with another (in a dispute)


kipangkipang

kipangkipang (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔)

ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

(obsolete) first preparatory steps in a long range or important task


kirimpot

kirimpót (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). Compare kiri.


batutay

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 肉 (bah, “meat; pork”) + 肚 (tó͘, “tripe; stomach; belly”) + 大 (tāi, “big; large”), according to Manuel (1948). Compare hototay, goto, tito, and katay.


balinguyngoy

balinguyngóy (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜂᜌ᜔ᜅᜓᜌ᜔)

balinguyngóy (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜂᜌ᜔ᜅᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[bɐ.lɪ.ŋʊɪ̯ˈŋoɪ̯]


balintong

balintóng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Compare Cebuano balintong and Maranao balintong.


baliskad

baliskád (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

standing on end; turned straight up (as of hair, fibers, etc.)

turned or curled up partially (of edges or corners of a flat object)


tanod

→ Spanish: tanor

From Proto-Philippine *tánud (“guard, sentinel; to stand guard”). Compare Bikol Central tanod and Cebuano tanod.

inh

guard; sentinel; watcher; watchman; warden

(strictly) tanod (lowest level of law enforcement officer in the barangay level in the Philippines)


putol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putul (“to break off, cut off”), from Proto-Austronesian *putun (“to break off, cut off, as a limb”).

der

At binigyan nila siya ng isang putol na isdang inihaw.

Nonoy... halika!" malakas na tawag ni Pepe. Lumapit si Nonoy kay Pepe. Nakita niyang hawak-hawak nito ang isang putol ng kawayan. "Bakit?" "Tingnan mo ang putol na ito ng kawayan... kay tuwid!" sabi ni Pepe.

Sa ngayon, tama na muna . ang tatlo. Mula sa buto, sa putol na sanga o tangkay at sa lamang-ugat. Napag-aralan na rin ninyo ito, pero magsasanay tayo ng pagpaparami mula sa mga sangang putol o mga tangkay. Tuwirang pagtatanim ito.

year unknown, Angat Kabuhayan 4' 2008 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

2013, The Bible in Tagalog, Biblya: _ (1905), BookRix, page 367

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

...aling babae na maysangpung putol na pilak, na kung mawalan siya ng isang putol, ay hindi bagamang papaningas ng isang ilawan, at wawalisan ang bahay, at hahanaping masikap hanggang sa ito'y masumpungan niya?...

Ang baboy at atay ay magkatulad din ang putol. Magkasamang ilagay sa kaldero ang baboy at manok: Itabi ang atay. Timplahan ng asin, suka, kaunting tubig, dinikdik na bawang at pamintang durog.

year unknown, Filipino Pagbasa Sa Ating Panahon 5' 2001 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Namatay lahat ng ilaw dahil sa (pag)putol ng koryente.

All the lights went off because of the power interruption.

—“Sssttt!!” ... ang putol ni Kápitang Memò; “Ang rebólber na iyán ay akíng kilalá, kilalá ko! Alam ko na ang may arì diyan ay hindi ikáw. Bakit at ng̃ayo’y nasasa iyó? Bakit ayaw mong ibigay sa may arì? Ha? Bakit ka nakikialám sa arì ng̃ may arì? Ha? Bakit at kabatang-batà mo pa ay lubhâ kang mapanghimások?

1909, Ismael A. Amado, Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa:

—Magandáng adhika!—ang putol ni Teta— / —Datapwa't pang̃arap!—ang saglít ni Atang walang paniwala— / iyá'y mangyayari kung dito'y mawala / ang pag-aagawán, inggita't pagpula.

1911, Patricio Mariano, Ang mga Anak Dalita:


putol

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit ang imahen ni San Clemente sa bahay ng pintor na si Vicente Reyes na San Clementeng putol ay hindi tunay na putol. Mukha lang siyang putol dahil nakaharap siya sa pulpito at nangangaral bilang prinsipe ng ...

2001, Retorikang Pangkolehiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 261:

Buhat sa putol na sanga – Napag-aaralan kung aling sanga ang madaling tumubo. Itanim ang isang magulang at isang murang sanga.

year unknown, Higit Na Kaunlaran, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 207

Putol ang trabaho namin ngayon dahil may paparating na bagyo.

Our work was suspended because a typhoon will arrive soon.

(medicine) crooked or twisted (as an arm)


putol

an armless person; a legless or limbless animal


balisuso

Compare with Bikol Central balisuso and Cebuano balisuso.


balisuso

funnel-shaped container made of leaf or paper


bumalintong

tl-verb

bumalintóng (complete bumalintong, progressive bumabalintong, contemplative babalintong, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔)

bumalintóng (canonical)
bumalintong (completive)
bumabalintong (progressive)
babalintong (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
balintong (root)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kababalintong (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜊᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
bumalintong (formal imperative)
ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (formal imperative)
balintong (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakabalintong (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
bumalintong (imperative informal)
ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (imperative informal)
balintong (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

bumalintong

bumalintong
 ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

bumalintong
 ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔
bungmalintong¹
ᜊᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

bumabalintong
ᜊᜓᜋᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔
bungmabalintong¹
 ᜊᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔
nabalintong²
ᜈ ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

babalintong
 ᜊᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔
mabalintong²
ᜋ ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

bumalintong
 ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔
balintong²
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

balintong
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


kisame

Clipping of Spanish zaquizamí. The first syllable may have been misinterpreted as the preposition sa (“in; on; at”). Compare Cebuano kisami.


Tatsuko

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese たつこ (Tatsuko).


Hatsuko

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese はつこ (Hatsuko).


bayn

Contraction of bakin with elision of /k/.

Bayn ga ngay-on pa naulan?

Why is it that today [of all days] it rains?


kaldereta

[kɐl.d̪ɛˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish caldereta, from caldero + -eta.


esena

[ʔɛˈsɛː.n̪ɐ]


kulalaying

kulalayíng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜎᜌᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

(astronomy) blemishes on the face of the moon


anonas

[ʔɐˈn̪oː.n̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish anonas, plural of anona, from Taíno annona.

Annona reticulata
Annona reticulata#Translingual

bullock's heart; custard apple (Annona reticulata)


pang-abay

[pɐŋˈʔaː.baɪ̯]

From pang- + abay. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language).


panghalip

panghalíp (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜑᜎᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pang- + halip. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa.


agaran

[ˌʔaːˈɣaː.ɾɐn̪]


agaran

[ˌʔaːˈɣaː.ɾɐn̪]


gusali

[ɡʊˈsaː.lɪʔ]

Compare Old Javanese gusali (“blacksmith”). Possibly related to Sanskrit कौशल्य (kauśalya, “a kind of pavilion; prosperity; skill; wellness”), and Pali kosalla (“wellness”). See also Sanskrit गोशाला (gośālā, “cow-stall”).


pagkasilag

tl-noun

pagkasilag (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜐᜒᜎᜄ᜔)


hatinggabi

hátinggabí (canonical)
ᜑᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌhaː.t̪ɪŋ.ɡɐˈbɛ]


langil

(obsolete) tree whose bark is used as a substitute for gugo as a local shampoo


sahig

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saləʀ. Compare Aklanon saeog, Bikol Central salog, Cebuano salog, Hiligaynon salug, Nias salo, Toraja-Sa'dan sali, and Waray-Waray salog.


puwit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puət. Compare Maranao powit.

Sa puwit ko, nagkakape.

(figurative) bottom part of any container


daliri

[d̪ɐˈliː.ɾɪʔ]

Borrowed from Malay jeriji. Compare Kapampangan taliri, Balinese ᬚ᭄ᬭᬶᬚᬶ (jriji), and Javanese ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji).


pangatnig

pangatníg (canonical)
ᜉᜅᜆ᜔ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐ.ŋɐt̪ˈn̪iɡ̚]


hikaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 耳鉤／耳钩 (hǐ-kau, “earring”). Compare Bikol Central hikaw.


balakubak

1969, Liwayway
KUNG MINSAN AN6 BALAKUBAK ANG SANHI NG PANLULUGON NG BUHOK. MADALING NAPARAWI ANG BALAKUBAK SA PAMAMAGITAN NG KATIALIS. IPINAGBIBILI SA MGA BOTIKA О SA LABORATORYO LOCRE. Sflr ti MAYON ST. , ...

2000, Rey Edrozo De la Cruz, Mag Cruz Hatol, Tatlong manyika hanggang sa Pulburon: mga dula tungkol sa paglikha, pagkain at kahit anuman
FOFONGGAY (iiyak; tatawa) DAKILANG EKSTRA 1 O, baka naman may balakubak siya? (susuriin ang buhok ni Fofonggay) Tumpak! Marami siyang balakubak sa ulo kaya siya naging baliw. (hawak ang isang siyampu) Gagamitin natin ang ...


kulangot

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kulangot

From Proto-Philippine *kulaŋut. Compare Maranao kalongat.


sikmura

tl-noun

sikmurà or sikmura (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ)

sikmurà (canonical)
sikmura (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

(figurative) act of bearing or stomaching something


dibdib

[d̪ɪbˈd̪ɛb̚]

From Proto-Austronesian *dəbdəb. Compare Northern Catanduanes Bicolano dubdob, Brooke's Point Palawano debdeb, Maranao rareb, Maguindanao ladeb / laleb, and Pazeh zebezep.


toyo

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆油 (tāu-iû, “soy sauce”, literally “bean oil”). Compare Bikol Central tawyo and Malay tauyu.

bor+

(slang) neediness and emotional immaturity (in a romantic relationship, especially of a woman)


utong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ (“extremity; tip”).


katawan

From a syncopic form of katawuhan, from tawo + ka- -han. Compare Kapampangan katauan. Doublet of katauhan.


melokoton

tl-noun

melokotón (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

melokotón (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish melocotón (“peach”), from Latin mālum cotōnĭum (“quince”), with influence from Spanish melón.


pagkain

[pɐɡˈkaː.ʔɪn̪]

From pag- + kain. Compare Cebuano pagkaon.


tiyani

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɪʔ]

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɛʔ]

Borrowed from Hokkien 摘夾／摘夹 (tiah-ní / tiah-ngeeh, “pincers; nippers”). Compare Ilocano tiani. The slang sense refers to how careful and little a stingy person gets money from the wallet.

tweezers; pincers (for plucking hair or handling little objects)


manugang

[mɐˈn̪uː.ɣɐŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ma-nuʀaŋ (“affinal relative”). By surface analysis, man- + *tugang. Compare Ilocano manugang, Botolan Sambal manoyang, Kapampangan manuyang, Cuyunon manugang, and Western Bukidnon Manobo enugang.


pisngi

From Proto-Philippine *pis(ə)ŋí (“cheeks”).


paruparo

tl-noun

parúparó or paruparó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ)

parúparó (canonical)
paruparó (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[pɐˌɾuː.pɐˈɾo]

From a reduplication of paparo, which some theorize as a contraction of Spanish papalote, from Classical Nahuatl papalotl (“butterfly”). Compare aliparo.


tahanan

tl-verb

tahanán (complete tinahanan, progressive tinatahanan, contemplative tatahanan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈᜈ᜔)

tahanán (canonical)
tinahanan (completive)
tinatahanan (progressive)
tatahanan (contemplative)
ᜆᜑᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tahan (root)
tahanan (infinitive)
tinahanan (completive root)
tinatahanan (progressive root)
inatahanan (dialectal progressive root)
tatahanan (contemplative objective)
atahanan (contemplative dialectal objective)
tahani (dialectal imperative objective)

tahanan

to become filled or covered with water (as of a low place)


tiyan

From Proto-Philippine *tian (compare Ilocano tian, Kapampangan atian, Tausug tiyan, and West Albay Bikol tuyan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian (compare Malay tian (“uterus”) and Maori tia), from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN (compare Amis tiyad). Compare also Hokkien 腸／肠 (tn̂g, “intestines”).


pusod

→? Spanish: posó

bun (tight roll of hair worn at the back of the head)


dupil

(figurative) reinforcement; support; brace


tungkulin

tl-noun

tungkulin (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tungkulin

tl-verb

tungkulín (complete tinungkol, progressive tinutungkol, contemplative tutungkulin, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

tungkulín (canonical)
tinungkol (completive)
tinutungkol (progressive)
tutungkulin (contemplative)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
tungkol (root)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (root)
tungkulin (infinitive)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
tinungkol (completive root)
ᜆᜒᜈᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (completive root)
tinutungkol (progressive root)
ᜆᜒᜈᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (progressive root)
inatungkol (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (progressive root)
tutungkulin (contemplative objective)
ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
atungkulin (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
tungkulin (imperative objective)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
tungkol (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (imperative objective)
tungkula (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

tungkulin

tungkulin

tungkulin
 ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔

tinungkol
 ᜆᜒᜈᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔

tinutungkol
ᜆᜒᜈᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔
inatungkol¹
ᜁᜈᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔

tutungkulin
ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔
atungkulin¹
 ᜀᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔

tungkulin
 ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔
tungkol¹
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔
tungkula¹
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ

tungkol
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔

to attend to (of a duty or responsibility)


pating

From Proto-Central Philippine *patíŋ (“shark”). Compare Pangasinan pating, Kapampangan pating, Bikol Central pating, Aklanon pating, Cebuano pating, and Waray-Waray pating.


pangngalan

[pɐŋˈŋaː.lɐn̪]

From pang- + ngalan. Coined by Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa.


sinulid

From sulid + -in-. Compare Ilocano sinulid and Kapampangan sinulad.

thread (long, thin and flexible form of material)


tuldok

From Proto-Philippine *tul(ə)dək (“mark made with fingertip”). Compare tudlik, tuldik, and Ilocano tuldek. See also Cebuano tudlok.


karayom

Borrowed from Kapampangan karayum, from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum. Compare Ilocano dagum, Cebuano dagom, Maranao ragom, Maguindanao ragum, Tausug jawm, and Malay jarum. Doublet of paraluman.


hitsura

[hɪˈt͡ʃuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish hechura, the presence of an /h/ initial may indicate a late borrowing.


itsura

[ʔɪˈt͡ʃuː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɪt̪ˈsuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish hechura, from Latin factūra. Compare Hanunoo istuda. Doublet of paktura.


madyong

Borrowed from English mahjong, from Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng).

zh-l

麻將／麻将 (májiàng)


sugarol

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugador (“player”). Doublet of hugador.


sugalan

tl-verb

sugalán (complete sinugalan, progressive sinusugalan, contemplative susugalan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄᜎᜈ᜔)

sugalán (canonical)
sinugalan (completive)
sinusugalan (progressive)
susugalan (contemplative)
ᜐᜓᜄᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sugal (root)
sugalan (infinitive)
sinugalan (completive root)
sinusugalan (progressive root)
inasugalan (dialectal progressive root)
susugalan (contemplative objective)
asugalan (contemplative dialectal objective)
sugali (dialectal imperative objective)

sugalan


kwenta

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwenta.


webera

Borrowed from Spanish huevera (“eggcup”).


walawad

signals made with lamps, lights, torches, etc.


wating

temporary dimness or blurriness of sight (as when a person is dizzy or has hurt eyes)


pagkawakaak

tl-noun

pagkawakaak (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜏᜃᜀᜃ᜔)


wigwig

sprinkling of water (on clothes before and during ironing)


walidwid

walidwíd (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


wisit

wisit or wisít (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔)

wisit (canonical)
wisít (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien 衣食 (ui-si̍t, “luck; boon; blessing; good omen”, literally “clothes & food”).


wakaak

isolation; abandonment (to the mercy of the element or one's fate)


wating-wating

tl-adj

watíng-watíng (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

watíng-watíng (canonical)
ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[wɐˌt̪iŋ wɐˈt̪iŋ]


waang

big hole or opening (as in a stone wall)


walongdaan

tl-num

walongdaán (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

walongdaán (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


wakya

Possibly Chinese, according to Santos (1978).


wadwad

uncovered; exposed (to the sun, wind, rain, sight, etc.)


wadwad

act of shaking something vigorously or angrily while being held with the mouth (with the intention of tearing it to pieces)


pala-

pala- + biro (“joke”) → palabiro (“funny; someone who likes telling jokes”)

pala- + tawa (“laugh”) → palatawa (“someone who laughs a lot”)

Refers to someone who frequently performs the root or is fond of performing the root


ihap

attention focused on something heard or read (for better or deeper understanding)


wingkag

act of opening forcibly by prying with a lever or bar (of a lock)

shaky movement (as of a cart having loose wheels)


wingkag

forced open as with a lever or bar (of a lock)


waklas

act or manner of ripping something in order to open


walna

Ultimately from Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”). Compare Maranao warna, Tausug walna', Malay warna, and English varna.


waray

condition of being dilapidated or fallen into disrepair


witwit

bending and moving of the finger to call someone's attention

shaking of the index finger at someone as a warning or a threat

(obsolete) act of stirring the fire brought in one's hand at night


panday

[pɐn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

Borrowed from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “learned; wise”).


walwal

scattered; spread out (exposed to the sun, wind, rain, the elements, etc.)


walwal

condition of being neglected (of tools, machinery, or materials exposed to the elements)


walumpu

From walo + -m- + pu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walu ŋa puluq.


wagayway

[wɐ.ɣaɪ̯ˈwaɪ̯]

waving motion (of the hand or something handheld)


waldas

Uncertain. Compare Spanish guardas (“you save, clean, put away”).

noncog

squandering; wasteful or extravagant expenditure, malversation or misappropriation of funds


waldas

squandered; spent wastefully or extravagantly; misappropriated (of funds)


ostiya

Borrowed from Spanish hostia, from Ecclesiastical Latin hostia.

(Catholicism) communion wafer; host (consecrated bread of the Eucharist)


purgatoryo

tl-noun

purgatoryo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish purgatorio (“purgatory”), from Late Latin pūrgātōrium (“cleansing”).


wagi

wagî (canonical)
wagí (canonical)
ᜏᜄᜒ (Baybayin)


wagaywayan

simultaneous waving (as of flags in the air)


wagaywayan

tl-verb

wagaywayán (complete niwagaywayan, progressive niwawagaywayan, contemplative wawagaywayan, Baybayin spelling ᜏᜄᜌ᜔ᜏᜌᜈ᜔)

wagaywayán (canonical)
niwagaywayan (completive)
niwawagaywayan (progressive)
wawagaywayan (contemplative)
ᜏᜄᜌ᜔ᜏᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
wagayway (root)
wagaywayan (infinitive)
niwagaywayan (completive root)
winagaywayan (completive root)
niwawagaywayan (progressive root)
winawagaywayan (progressive root)
inawagaywayan (dialectal progressive root)
wawagaywayan (contemplative objective)
awagaywayan (contemplative dialectal objective)
wagaywayi (dialectal imperative objective)

wagaywayan

to be waved on someone (with a flag, one's hand, or something handheld)


wagwag

From Proto-Philippine *wagwág (“shake something vigorously (as a sack to remove the contents)”). The sense “clothes bought” is a semantic loan from Ilocano wagwag.

inh

act of shaking something to rid it of things clinging on it (especially water, dust, etc.)

Mga wagwag lang 'tong mga damit ko.

These clothes of mine are bought at a wagwagan.

(colloquial) clothes bought at a wagwagan


wagwag

From Proto-Philippine *wagwág (“rice variety”).


waliswis

waliswís (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

the movement and the swishing sound of the tops of bamboos and trees in the wind


waliwali

expectancy of closeness of the time of delivery of a pregnant woman

defective eyesight caused by extreme exhaustion or hunger


walingwaling

tl-noun

wálingwáling (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

wálingwáling (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana); an orchid endemic to Mindanao


pagwitwit

pagwitwít (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔)

pagwitwít (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

manner of shaking of the index finger at someone as a warning or a threat

manner of bending and moving of the finger to call someone's attention


pagwawaliwali

pagwawáliwáli (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜏᜎᜒᜏᜎᜒ)

pagwawáliwáli (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜏᜎᜒᜏᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


ut-ot

[ʔʊt̪ˈʔot̪̚]


wiswis

a species of grasshopper that produces a characteristic chirping or swishing sound


hitso

betel nut and betel leaf wrap chewed with lime (may include chewing tobacco)

(pyrotechnics) a kind of rectangular firecracker


pagwiwisik

pagwiwisík (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜏᜒᜐᜒᜃ᜔)

pagwiwisík (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜏᜒᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + wisik with initial reduplication.


wagiswis

wagiswís (canonical)
ᜏᜄᜒᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


malilom

tl-adj

malilom (plural malililom, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜎᜓᜋ᜔)


limanlaksa

tl-num

limanlaksâ (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔ᜐ)

limanlaksâ (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)


wiklas

torn off or opened forcibly (as of a pocket, lock, etc.)


wiklas

act of pulling apart something by force (of a pocket, lock, etc.)

condition of being forcibly torn off or opened by force


kapuluan

kapuluán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜓᜎᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

suliranin ang komunikasyon. (Salamat at hindi itinuro ng mga Kastila sa buong kapuluan ang kanilang wika at sila ang nagsipag-aral ng katutubong wika upang mapalaganap ang Kristiyanismo sa kapuluan, kung namayani ang wika nila ...

year unknown, Panitikan Sa Pilipinas'2001 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

... communication is a problem. (Thanks, and the Spaniards did not taught their language to the whole archipelago and they studied the native languages themselves to spread Christianity in the archipelago, if their language prevailed...

Bagama't opisyal na ipinagbawal sa simula pa lamang ang pagpapakilala at paggamit ng relihiyon sa mga publikong paaralan sa kapuluan (makikita sa Batas Blg. 74, Sek. 16, noong 1901), masasabing naging bahagi ng di-opisyal na ...

2007, Kolonyal na patakaran at ang nagbabagong kamalayang Filipino: musika sa publikong paaralan sa Pilipinas, 1898-1935, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 2:

Walang anomang mabuti, sang-ayon sa may-akda, na dinala rito ang Espanya, o napakalaki ang naging kapalit para sa kapuluan ng nlang kasangkapan ng sibilisasyon na natutuhan nilang gamitin, na libong beses na higit na magaling ang ...

1991, José Rizal, Patricia Melendrez- Cruz, Apolonio Bayani Chua, Himalay: Kalipunan ng mga pag-aaral kay José Rizal, →ISBN:


lilom

shade; shaded place (especially when the sun is covered by clouds)


pitundaan

pitundaán (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

pitundaán (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɪ.t̪ʊn̪ˈd̪aː.ʔɐn̪]


yangot

tl-noun

yangot or yangót (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜅᜓᜆ᜔)

yangot (canonical)
yangót (canonical)
ᜌᜅᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


yangot

impoverishment; abasement; lowering of status


limandaan

limandaán (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

(common) Superseded, pre-1977 spelling of limang daan.


malimit

tl-adj

malimit (plural malilimit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔)


mulinsigla

tl-noun

mulinsiglá (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

mulinsiglá (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


tatlong-kapat

tl-num

tatlóng-kapat (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜉᜆ᜔)

tatlóng-kapat (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜉᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐt̪ˌl̪oŋ ˈkaː.pɐt̪̚]

From tatlo (“three”) + kapat (“quarter; fourth”).


lalamunan

From lamon + -an, from an initial reduplication of lamon.


mulinyari

mulinyarì (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[mʊ.lɪˈɲaː.ɾɪʔ]

From muli (“muli”) + yari (“manufacture”).


wiliwid

awry or slanting position (as of a window frame, mouth, etc.)

wriggling from one's handhold in an effort to escape (of a fish, eel, etc.)


pakikitungong-tao

tl-noun

pakikitungong-tao (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜓᜅ᜔ᜆᜂ)

ᜉᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜓᜅ᜔ᜆᜂ (Baybayin)


limay

puddle of water left on the foreshore (due to low tide or a receding shoreline)


manlililok

manlililok (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔)

ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + lilok with partial reduplication.


manlililok

ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


wisik

Compare Pangasinan walsik and Tagalog talsik.

act of sprinkling water or liquid (especially with one's fingers)

tiny drop of water or liquid sprinkled (especially with one's fingers)


tatlundaan

tl-num

tatlundaán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

tatlundaán (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐt̪.l̪ʊn̪.d̪ɐˈʔan̪]

[t̪ɐt̪.l̪ʊn̪ˈd̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

Superseded, pre-1977 spelling of tatlong daan.


kikig

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). See also Ilocano kikir, Pangasinan kilkil, Tausug kigkig, and Malay kikir.

act of cleaning the inner ear cavity by twirling the end of a feather or earbud inside (to sweep off pieces of earwax pried loose previously as a final step in the cleaning process)

final act of the male animal upon reaching climax during copulation (especially chicken)


lipunan

meeting; group (especially gathered for conversation)


lansangan

From lansang + -an. Compare Kapampangan lansangan.


yata

Hindi yata ako makakapunta diyan.


yamutmot

yamutmót (canonical)
ᜌᜋᜓᜆ᜔ᜋᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

rubbish; refuse (especially of the adhering kind)

loose, frayed ends of thread or fibers (especially due to overuse)


tataw

hazy understanding or comprehension of something heard


wasak-wasak

tl-adj

wasák-wasák (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ᜏᜐᜃ᜔)

wasák-wasák (canonical)
ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

completely destroyed all over or ruined; fragmented to pieces


kalawang

kalawang ng ngipin


kalawang

kalawang:


mam-in

From syncopic form of mamain, from mama + -in.

combination of betel nut, chewing tobacco, and a little lime wrapped in a betel leaf prepared for chewing


yantok

Yantok ang ginagamit sa paggawa ng mesa.

long stem of rattan, usually made into canes, sticks, and furniture (such as chairs, tables, etc.)

strips of rattan, usually used for tying and for wickerwork


windang

torn to shreds; torn apart; rent asunder; torn into tatters


yangasngas

yangasngás (canonical)
ᜌᜅᜐ᜔ᜅᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


suntok

From Proto-Philippine *suntuk. Cognate with Tausug suntuk.


apatnaraan

tl-num

ápatnaraán (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ᜈᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

ápatnaraán (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ᜈᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔaː.pɐt̪.n̪ɐ.ɾɐˈʔan̪]

[ˌʔaː.pɐt̪.n̪ɐˈɾaː.ʔɐn̪]


siyamnaraan

siyámnaraán (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ᜈᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

siyámnaraán (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ᜈᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʃam.n̪ɐ.ɾɐˈʔan̪]


tatlumpu

tatlumpû (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)


limampu

From lima + -m- + pu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *lima puluq. Compare Malay lima puluh.


palit

From Proto-Philippine *palit. Cognate with Cebuano palit (“to buy”).


labimpito

labimpitó (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

From labim- + pito, literally “excess seven”, where labim- is from labi + -m-.


yatyat

[jɐˈt͡ʃat̪̚]


yatyat

[jɐˈt͡ʃat̪̚]


labinlima

labínlimá or labinlimá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ)

labínlimá (canonical)
labinlimá (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ (Baybayin)

From labin- + lima, literally “excess five”, where labin- is from labi + -n-.


labing-apat

labíng-apat (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜉᜆ᜔)

labíng-apat (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lɐˌbiŋ ˈʔaː.pɐt̪̚]

From labing- + apat, literally “excess four”, where labing- is from labi + -ng-.


pagwawasak

From pag- + wasak with partial reduplication of the root.


labing-anim

labíng-ánim (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈᜒᜋ᜔)

labíng-ánim (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

From labing- + anim, literally “excess six”, where labing- is from labi + -ng-.


labintatlo

labíntatló or labintatló (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ)

labíntatló (canonical)
labintatló (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

From labin- + tatlo, literally “excess three”, where labin- is from labi + -n-.


pitumpu

From pito + -m- + pu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu puluq. Compare Malay pitu puluh.


siyamnapu

siyámnapû (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ᜈᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

From siyam + na + pu. Compare Bikol Central siyam na pulo.


labingwalo

labingwaló (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

From labing- + walo, literally “excess eight”, where labing- is from labi + -ng-.


pang-ilan

pang-ilán (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜁᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

whatth; how manyth; which ordinal number; what number


animnapu

ánimnapû (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜒᜋ᜔ᜈᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-ənəm ŋa puluq. By surface analysis, anim + na + pu. Compare Malay enam puluh.


dalawampu

dalawampû (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜏᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

From earlier dalawangpuo, from dalawang puwo, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa puluq. By surface analysis, dalawa + -m- + pu. Compare Malay dua puluh.


apatnapu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-əpat ŋa puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *Sa-Səpat puluq. By surface analysis, apat + na + pu. Compare Malay empat puluh.


kayumanggi

kayumanggí (canonical)
ᜃᜌᜓᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜒ (Baybayin)

May be related to Malay kayu (“wood”) (or its cognates from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw, c.f. kahoy), which may refer to its color. Compare Malay kayu manis (“cinnamon”) and Malay manggi-manggi (“mangrove tree (Rhizophora mucronata”). See also Portuguese mangue (“mangrove”).


wasak

completely destroyed; ruined; broken; wrecked

(colloquial) wasted (very drunk or stoned)


makalima

Makalima na akong tumawag ngunit walang sumagot.

I already called five times but nobody answered.


makalima

tl-verb

makalimá (complete nakalima, progressive nakalilima, contemplative makalilima, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜎᜒᜋ)

makalimá (canonical)
nakalima (completive)
nakalilima (progressive)
makalilima (contemplative)
ᜋᜃᜎᜒᜋ (Baybayin)


Pransya

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of Pransiya.


gipalpal

gipalpál (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜉᜎ᜔ᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

thickened and hardened dirt (on clothes, skin, or other surfaces)

condition of being thickened and hardened (of dirt on a surface)


labing-isa

labíng-isá (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜁᜐ (Baybayin)

From labing- + isa, literally “excess one”, where labing- is from labi + -ng-.


panitikan

pánitikán (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜒᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


labindalawa

tl-num

labíndalawá or labindalawá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜏ)

labíndalawá (canonical)
labindalawá (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜏ (Baybayin)

From labin- + dalawa, literally “excess two”, where labin- is from labi + -n-.


bantayog

Either from a blend of bantay + matayog or from a contraction of aba ang tayog, coined in the early 20th century by Jose N. Sevilla.


yatab

small, short hand-sickle for cutting rice stalks to harvest rice (usually used by women)


baging

From earlier bagin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaʀən (“vine”) with elision of /l/. Compare Aklanon baeagon, Cebuano balagon, Hiligaynon balagon, Western Bukidnon Manobo belagen, Maranao balagen, Maguindanao balagen, and Tausug bāgun.


gulay

Possibly inherited from Proto-Philippine *gúlay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gulay; or from Brunei Malay gulai, ultimately from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “tender leaf; sprout; shoot; to become soft; pulpy; as well-cooked”). Compare Kapampangan gule, Bikol Central gulay, and Masbatenyo gulay.
Sense “very weak due to disease” is from parang gulay ang katawan. See also English vegetative.

der

(Southern Tagalog) vegetable stew, usually in coconut milk


kulay

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuray (“veining pattern on wood or other material”). Compare Kapampangan kule (“color”), Maranao koray (“patterns or whorl of grains in wood”), and Malay kurai (“veining; strip-marking on kris blades”).

cog

tunay na kulay

true character (literally, “true colours”)

pagpasok ng mga kulay

(obsolete) multicolored lines on clothes or stones

(obsolete) act of dividing the iron from steel


maingay

tl-adj

maingay (plural maiingay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜁᜅᜌ᜔)

[mɐˈʔiː.ŋaɪ̯]


malapad

malapad (plural malalapad, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜉᜇ᜔)


mabagal

mabagal (plural mababagal, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜄᜎ᜔)

mababagal (plural)
ᜋᜊᜄᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
mabagal (positive singular)
mababagal (plural positive)
bagal (positive root)
mas mabagal (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababagal (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabagal (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababagal (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbagal (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabagal (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababagal (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabagal (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababagal (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabagal (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabagal-bagal (absolute equal plural superlative)


mabilis

mabilís (plural mabibilis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

mabilís (canonical)
mabibilis (plural)
ᜋᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
mabilis (positive singular)
mabibilis (plural positive)
bilis (positive root)
mas mabilis (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabibilis (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabilis (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabibilis (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbilis (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabilis (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabibilis (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabilis (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabibilis (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabilis (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabilis-bilis (absolute equal plural superlative)

(grammar) nonglottal ultimate stress pronunciation


pilay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pilay, from Proto-Austronesian *piNay (“lame, crippled”). Compare Malay pirai (“rheumatic”).


lipit

rim of basket tightly wound in rattan or reed


malanya

tl-adj

malanyâ (plural malalanya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜌ)

malanyâ (canonical)
malalanya (plural)
ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


natin

Nilinisan natin ang kwarto. / Ang kwarto ay nilinisan natin.

by us, of us (including the person talking to)

Ang bansa natin.


duwag

Compare Casiguran Dumagat Agta duhag, Bikol Central dulag.

Pagka ganito ang pagmamatuwid ng iba sa kanilang pag-urong sa pagtupad ng kanilang tungkulin, ay nagpapakilalang ito'y mga duwag. Sa ano duwag? Hindi sa away, kung hindi sa paninindigan. Ano ba ang gagawin ng Diyos sa mga ...

Sintagal ng panahong nasasaloob niya ang paghahangad na maipakita kina Betong na siya'y hindi duwag, na siya'y matapang! "Duwag!" Parang naririnig pa ni Titong ang kantiyaw na iyon sa kaniya nina Betong. Noon ay inaaya siya ng ...

8 Ganoon ang nakita niya sa kanyang pag-iisa at sinisisi ang sarili na wala man lang siyang nagawa sa naganap sa kanyang ama, “Siya'y duwag! Duwag!”

year unknown, Obra Maestra Iii' 2006 Ed.(noli Me Tangere), Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 36

Nang makita ng mga iyan na patay na ang dalawang namumuno sa kanila na duwag sila nang biglang lumusob muli ang mga bihag nilang Payapa.

year unknown, Sining Ng Komunikasyon Pagbasa, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 389

Sa ikalabinlimang kabanata, ipinakilala ang isang tao bagamat marunong ay maituturing na duwag. Duwag sapagkat ayaw niyang maubos ang kanyang kayamanan, mabawasan ang katanyagan at higit sa lahat mawala ang pagtitiwala sa ...

year unknown, Kawil Iv' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 71

Iyang mga taong duwag na ang puso'y mahihina, umibig man ay ano pa, di pag-ibig, kundi awa! Kailangan sa pag-ibig ay hirap at mga luha, at ang duwag ay malayong sa pag-ibig dumakila! Ang pag-ibig ay may mata, ang pag-ibig ay di bulag!

2003, Paz M. Belvez, Pamana (sining Ng Pagkukwento at Pagbigkas Ng Tula)' 2003 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 88:

“Isa kang duwag at torpe sa iyong nararamdaman. Mas beki ka pa nga sa akin eh!” sabat ni Lloyda kay Marco. “Wala ka nga alam! Huwag kang sumali dito!” sagot ni Marco. “Wala akong alam at lalong wala akong karapatang husgahan kayong ...

2014, Raldvie Justin Serna, Dating Her Guys:


duwag

Duwag ka! - Ikaw ang sarado! Ikaw ang palpak! Wala kang pakialam sa mga kalipi mo. Hudas! Mga kasamahan mo pa man din ang ipapahamak mo. Nakakahiya ka! Itinatakwil kita, hindi na kita kinikilala. Layas! Mabulok ka riyan, duwag!

year unknown, Kawil I' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 322

“Gusto mo bang ipakita sa mamamatay-tao na iyon na isa ka palang duwag?!” Natigilan na naman si Vladimiro nang marinig niya ang salitang “duwag” mula sa bibig ni Pancho. Naalala niyang bigla ang madalas na pananakit sa kanya ng ...

2018, Kirsten Nimwey, Bullet With A Name (Tagalog Edition), Kirsten Nimwey, →ISBN:


malapot

malapot (plural malalapot, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜉᜓᜆ᜔)

viscous; dense; thick; concentrated (said of liquids)


malaon

malaon (plural malalaon, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜂᜈ᜔)


malaon

tl-verb

malaón (complete nalaon, progressive nalalaon, contemplative malalaon, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜂᜈ᜔)

malaón (canonical)
nalaon (completive)
nalalaon (progressive)
malalaon (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


atin

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɪn̪]

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɛn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atən, from Proto-Austronesian *itən. Compare Hiligaynon aton.


atin

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɪn̪]

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɛn̪]


marani

[mɐ.ɾɐˈn̪iʔ]


lumalabas

lumálabás (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


umay

ncog

Bikol Central húmay (“to prepare a dish eaten on festive occasions in which seasoned meat or fish and rice are cooked in a segment of bamboo”)

Central Melanau umai (“Umai, Melanau raw fish salad”)

surfeit by overeating or monotony of food (especially sweet or fatty food)


umay

surfeited due to overeating or monotony of food (especially sweet or fatty food)

(by extension) sick; tired (of something)


puyupoy

wagging of an animal's tail; wagging motion


kinain

[kɪˈn̪aː.ʔɪn̪]


kagandahang-loob

tl-noun

kagandahang-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜑᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

kagandahang-loób (canonical)
ᜃᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜑᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From kagandahan (“beautifulness; niceness”) + -g- + loob (“will; intention”).


maglabas

tl-verb

maglabás (2nd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔)

maglabás (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
mag- (affix)
ᜋᜄ᜔ (affix)
labas (root)
ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kalalabas (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜎᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
kapaglalabas (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
maglabas (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakalabas (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kakapaglabas (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapaglabas (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
maglabas (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

maglabas

maglalabas
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜎᜊᜐ᜔
magalabas¹
ᜋᜄᜎᜊᜐ᜔
galabas¹
ᜄᜎᜊᜐ᜔

kakalabas
ᜃᜃᜎᜊᜐ᜔
kakapaglabas
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔
kapapaglabas
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔

maglabas¹
 ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜊᜐ᜔

Maglabas kayo ng lapis.

Naglabas ang dyaryo ng bagong isyu

to publish (a magazine, newspaper, issue, etc.)


namatay

[n̪ɐ.mɐˈt̪aɪ̯]

complete aspect of mamatay: dead; has died


lumabas

tl-verb

lumabás (complete lumabas, progressive lumalabas, contemplative lalabas, 1st actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜐ᜔)

lumabás (canonical)
lumabas (completive)
lumalabas (progressive)
lalabas (contemplative)
ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
labas (root)
ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kalalabas (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜎᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
lumabas (formal imperative)
ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜐ᜔ (formal imperative)
labas (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakalabas (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
lumabas (imperative informal)
ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜐ᜔ (imperative informal)
labas (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜎᜊᜐ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

lumabas

lumalabas
ᜎᜓᜋᜎᜊᜐ᜔
lungmalabas¹
 ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜎᜊᜐ᜔
nalabas²
ᜈ ᜎᜊᜐ᜔

Lumabas si Pedro ng bahay.

Lumalabas ang mga tala sa langit ng dapit-hapon.

to play the role of (in a play, movie, etc.)

to be published (of a book, article, etc.)

to emerge victorious; to win (of an election)


mapatay

tl-verb

mapatáy (complete napatay, progressive napapatay, contemplative mapapatay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜆᜌ᜔)

mapatáy (canonical)
napatay (completive)
napapatay (progressive)
mapapatay (contemplative)
ᜋᜉᜆᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

Napatay ang aking aso.

to be killed unwillingly (by a person or animal)

Ingat ka sa paglilinis, baka mapatay mo ang kompiyuter.

Be careful with cleaning, you may turn off the computer unintentionally.

(by extension) to shut down or turn off unwillingly (of devices)


mamatay

mamatáy (complete namatay, progressive namamatay, contemplative mamamatay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜆᜌ᜔)

mamatáy (canonical)
namatay (completive)
namamatay (progressive)
mamamatay (contemplative)
ᜋᜋᜆᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
matay (root)
actor (focus)
kamamatay (completive formal past past-recent)
mamatay (formal imperative)
kakamatay (completive informal past past-recent)
mamatay (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

mamatay

Kinumpirma ni Angel Locsin ang balitang may namatay na senior citizen habang nakapila sa binuksan niyang community pantry sa Quezon City ngayong Biyernes at humingi rin ng paumanhin ang aktres sa insidente.

2021, Ronalyn Seminiano Ronico, “Angel Locsin, todo-sorry sa pamilya ng senior na namatay sa community pantry”, in Bulgar:

Angel Locsin confirmed the news that a senior citizen died while waiting on their community pantry they opened while waiting at the line this Friday and has apologised for the incident.

to die (because of a disease, old age, or any unintended cause)

Ayaw mamatay ng selpon.

to turn off; to be closed; to stop functioning (e.g. light bulbs, machines, etc.)

to be extinguished (e.g. candles, fire, etc.)

to be out of business; to die as a business


panaguri

[pɐ.n̪ɐ.ɣʊˈɾiʔ]


tumba-tumba

tl-noun

tumbá-tumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)

tumbá-tumbá (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)


oyayi

oyayì (canonical)
oyayi (canonical)
ᜂᜌᜌᜒ (Baybayin)


lalagukan

lalagukan or lalagukán (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜎᜄᜓᜃᜈ᜔)

lalagukan (canonical)
lalagukán (canonical)
ᜎᜎᜄᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From lagok + -an, from an initial reduplication of lagok.


payak

Simulan ang pagsasanay sa payak na tanong at sagot.

2000, Paz M. Belvez, Ang Sining at Agham Ng Pagtuturo'2000 Ed., →ISBN, page 122:

Start the training on simple questions and answers.

Payak ang naratibo ng akda.

2005, Soledad S. Reyes, A Dark Tinge to the World: Selected Essays, 1987-2005, →ISBN, page 71:

The narrative of the literary work is simple.


bisiyesto

bisiyesto (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish bisiesto, from Old Spanish bissiesto, from Latin bisextus (“intercalary day”). Doublet of bisisto.


bisiyesto

ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


lowat

Noong nakita ko siya, mayroon nga lang siyang lowat.


tropikal

tropikál (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜒᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


talak

talking in a fast, loud voice (rapidly and continuously)

tsking (sound and act, usually as a sign of disapproval)


diyan

The latter half of the word is possibly iyan. See also dito, doon, niyan, nito, niyon/noon, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns. Compare Bikol Central diyan, Pangasinan ditan, and Western Bukidnon Manobo diyan. Meanwhile, the former half is possibly related to Malay di and Indonesian di as a likely cognate.

there (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


saluyot

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


baro't saya

baro't saya (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜆ᜔ ᜐᜌ)

From baro + 't + saya, literally “upper garment and skirt”.

compound

baro't saya (traditional dress ensemble worn by women in the Philippines)


pasensya

[pɐˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ]


pasensiya na

tl-head

pasénsiyá na (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ ᜈ)

pasénsiyá na (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ ᜈ (Baybayin)

[pɐˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ n̪ɐ]


kalakpan

Syncopic form of kalakipan, from lakip + ka- -an.

box for keeping betel pepper (or buyo) in


ibay

giddiness or intoxication caused by overchewing betel nut (said to be a mild poisoning from strychnine content)


mabuti

tl-adj

mabuti (plural mabubuti, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ)

mabubuti (plural)
ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
mabuti (positive singular)
mabubuti (plural positive)
buti (positive root)
mas mabuti (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabubuti (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabuti (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabubuti (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbuti (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabuti (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabubuti (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabuti (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabubuti (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabuti (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabuti-buti (absolute equal plural superlative)

From ma- + buti (“goodness; kindness; recovery of illness”).

af

buti<t:goodness; kindness; recovery of illness>

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


mabuti

Mamamatay ka na? Mabuti! hahaha


swerte

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of suwerte.


ahiya

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿兄 (á-hiaⁿ, “eldest brother”).

bor+

Ano nga ulit sabi sa iyo ng ahiya mo?

What did your big brother tell you again?

Halos mahibang si Fely sa pag-ibig kay A Chuan. Madalas niya akong kuwentuhan ng tungkol sa relasyon nila ni Ahia. Wala siyang ipinaglihim sa akin. Isang pambihirang lalaki ang ahia ko, aniya, matapang na'y maginoo pa. Guwapo rin ako, aniya, kamukha ni Ahia. Alam kong sa pagpuri niya sa aki'y pinupuri rin niya ang lalaking iniibig.

2007, Bai Ren, edited by Joaquin Sy, Lagalag sa Nanyang: (Nanyang Piaoliuji), Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press, page 157:

Fely almost got crazy with love for A Chuan. She frequently tells stories about their relationship with Big Brother. She held no secrets from me. My big brother is one extraordinary guy, and according to her, brave and noble too. I am handsome too, a lookalike of my big brother, she said. I know that her compliments to me also compliments her beloved guy as well.

elder brother; big brother; eldest brother

Ano nga ulit sabi sa iyo ni Ahiya?

"OMG, Achi! Tinawagan ka ni Ahia Dustin?!" Natigilan ako. "Sshhhh!" suway noong isa. "Oooops!" At humagikhik naman 'yong isa. Nagpasimpleng tumingin naman ako sa likod ko kung nasaaan sila at nakita ko namang nag-ngingitian na mukhang sira iyong dalawang 'yon habang nagbubulungan pa.

2019, STUPIDLYINLOVE, Bitter Casanova, Mandaluyong: Summit Publishing Co., Inc., page 18:

"OMG, Big Sister! Big Brother Dustin called you?!" I was silenced. "Sshhhh!", hush by one. "Oooops!"and the other one giggled. I then subtly looked over my back on where they were and I saw those two smiling looking stupid while also whispering.

Pagkaraang maiabot ko kay Ahia ang tiket at diyaryo, naisipan ko na ring tumingin sa numero at sa halagang nakalimbag. Ang dalawang matanda ay nakibasa na rin.

1997, Teresita Ang See, Caroline Sy-Hau, Joaquin Sy, Voices ; Mga Tinig, Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, page 156:

After I was able to hand the ticket and newspaper to my Big Brother, I thought as well to look at the numbers and the values printed. The two old people read with me as well.

term of address for one's elder brother or eldest brother

Ahiya, paano po ba ito?

(informal) term of address for a male senior (usually within the Chinese Filipino community)


eskala

scale; proportion (ratio of depicted distance to actual distance)

scale (line or bar used to indicate measurement on rules and instruments)

stop (in an itinerary, especially of a sea vessel)


makilala

tl-verb

makilala (complete nakilala, progressive nakikilala, contemplative makikilala, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜎᜎ)

nakilala (completive)
nakikilala (progressive)
makikilala (contemplative)
ᜋᜃᜒᜎᜎ (Baybayin)

to be acquainted with; to know; to recognize

to become acquainted with; to meet with someone


iyon

that (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


opisina

Borrowed from Spanish oficina, from Latin officīna (“workshop”), from opificium (“action of working”), from opifex (“laborer, worker”).


palatugtugan

tl-noun

palatugtugan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

art and practice of playing musical instruments


talaawitan

taláawítan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜏᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.ʔɐˈwiː.t̪ɐn̪]


talatugtugan

talátugtúgan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔)

talátugtúgan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.t̪ʊɡˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]


alkatsopas

alkatsopas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜉᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alcachofas, plural of alcachofa (“artichoke”), ultimately from Arabic الخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf, “artichoke”).


tambol

Borrowed from Spanish tambor, from Andalusian Arabic تابول (ṭabbūl), hypocorism/diminutive of Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr).

(construction) covering to hide eyesore plumbing (made of plywood or gypsum)


apalit

[ʔɐˈpaː.lɪt̪̚]


apahap

Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer#Translingual


karosa

Borrowed from Spanish carroza, from Italian carrozza.


medyor

[ˈmɛː.d͡ʒoɾ]


kurag

small pouch net with a handle for catching birds or butterflies


mahiman

tl-adj

mahiman (plural mahihiman, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜋᜈ᜔)


dunggot

[d̪ʊŋˈɡot̪̚]

peak; tip; point; extremity of a protrusion


himanting

himantíng (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

act of scraping off small branches, nodules, etc. (from a bamboo, branch of a tree, etc.)

sudden feeling of anger due to an insult or imputation directed to oneself


kulos

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kərus (“rustling sound, as of leaves in wind”).

inh

rustle; rustling sound (as of dry leaves being crushed, stepped on, etc.)


himagas

From him- + pagas (“to diminish; to ebb”), possibly originally to get rid of bad taste.


bulatlat

bulatlát (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜆ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

careful search for something by removing everything from a container


karapatang pantao

tl-noun

karapatáng pantao (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜂ)

karapatáng pantao (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜂ (Baybayin)


karapatan

From dapat + ka- -an. Compare karampatan.


ipo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qipuq. Compare Malay ipuh.

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria


gasela

Borrowed from Spanish gacela (“gazelle”).


kulasim

sourish; somewhat sour or rancid (especially food that has started to ferment or overripe fruit)


kulasim

condition of being somewhat sour or rancid (especially food that has started to ferment or overripe fruit)


bulandal

bulandál (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Compare Javanese ꦮ꧀ꦭꦚ꧀ꦗꦂ (wlanjar, “young childless widow or divorcee”).

cog

someone abandoned by her spouse (but still alive)


durungawan

tl-noun

durungawan or dúrungawán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜅᜏᜈ᜔)

durungawan (canonical)
dúrungawán (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜅᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ʊ.ɾʊˈŋaː.wɐn̪]

[ˌd̪uː.ɾʊ.ŋɐˈwan̪]

From dungaw + -an, from an initial reduplication of dungaw with allophonic lenition of /d/ to /ɾ/ between vowels.

lookout point provided with railing or window-like structure


kurarap

[kʊˈɾaː.ɾɐp̚]

(obsolete) looking for something in the water or somewhere dark


kurarap

[kʊˈɾaː.ɾɐp̚]

(obsolete) extremely poor to a point of exaggeration


Binibini

Binibining (Bb.) Maria Dela Cruz

Binibining (Bb.) Dela Cruz

(formal) honorific used before the name of an unmarried woman: Miss; Ms.


palaaway

pugnacious; quarrelsome; belligerent; given to fighting


masakit

tl-adj

masakít (plural masasakit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔)

masakít (canonical)
masasakit (plural)
ᜋᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + sakit. Compare Aklanon masakit, Fijian macake, Hawaiian maʻi, Tausug masakit, and Tongan mahaki.

Masakit ang tiyan ko.


magnanakaw

mágnanákaw (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜈᜈᜃᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

From mag- + nakaw, with partial reduplication of the root, nakaw.

Mag-ingat sa mga magnanakaw diyan sa tiyangge.


bugnit

[bʊɡˈn̪it̪̚]


sakwa

From Hokkien 蕉葛 (chio-koah, “kudzu-hemp cloth woven from banana trunk fiber”), according to Manuel (1948).

der

enlarged stump or trunk of a banana plant (from which the roots issue, usually cut into pieces and used as animal feed, especially pigs)


kamelyo

Borrowed from Spanish camello (“camel”).


pusad

act of cutting or lopping off the branches of a tree


kulaw

pilfered (referring to stolen goods of small value)


nasaan

tl-adv

násaán or nasaán (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜐᜀᜈ᜔)

násaán (canonical)
nasaán (canonical)
ᜈᜐᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Nasaan ang iyong damit?


ilay

slight dizziness caused by chewing betel nuts


lalab

shroud (white sheet used to cover a corpse)


lamuga

[lɐˈmuː.ɣɐʔ]


hakhak

noisy, gobbling manner of eating (as by pigs, dogs, etc.)

saturation or drenching of soil by a liquid


paano

From pa- + ano. Compare Bikol Central pano.


laginit

[lɐ.ɣɪˈn̪it̪̚]

creaking sound of a tight nut being unscrewed with a wrench


iglap

instant; brief moment; flash; blink of an eye


doong

tl-noun

doóng or doong (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜂᜅ᜔)

doóng (canonical)
doong (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜂᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


lahid

smear; stain (caused by a light touch or graze)#


galang-galangan

galáng-galangán (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜎᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

galáng-galangán (canonical)
ᜄᜎᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐˌlaŋ ɡɐ.lɐˈŋan̪]

Reduplication of galang (“bracelet”) + -an.


lambayog

hanging cluster of fruits (high in upper branches)

swaying movement of a high, hanging object


dilan

ang dilang araw

Kinuha niya ang dilang ari sa bahay ko.

He took all the things that were in the house.

Datapuwa't iadya mo kami sa dilang masama.


dilan

(archaic) all; everyone; everybody; everything


lahoy

drip of flow; oozing; gentle flow (especially of blood)


lakambini

(mythology, folklore, historical) one of the deities in precolonial Tagalog mythology


lambak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləbak (“ravine, glen, valley”). Compare Mapun labbak, Tausug lubbak, Tboli lefak, and Malay lembah.


lapag

any low, horizontal level (such as the ground)

going down to a deep place (like a well, etc.)


labong

From Proto-Philippine *rabuŋ. Compare Isnag rabong, Kapampangan labung, Cebuano dabong. See also Malay rebung.


gakgak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gakgak (“caw, as a crow; raucous talking of people”), probably onomatopoeic.


batag

[ˈbaː.t̪ɐɡ̚]


batag

[ˈbaː.t̪ɐɡ̚]


lamira

[lɐˈmiː.ɾɐʔ]


lamira

[lɐˈmiː.ɾɐʔ]

squeezing of a thick substance to make it sirupy and sticky


kawit

From Proto-Austronesian *kawit (“hook”). Compare Malay kait and Coastal Kadazan kavit. Doublet of kabit.

fastener; hasp (as on a necklace, door, window, etc.)

pole with a hook at the end (for picking fruits, coconuts, etc.)

hook attached at the end (for picking fruits, coconuts, etc.)

act of pulling, getting, or picking with a pole with a hook at the end


kawit

(obsolete) numbing or weakening due to long use in holding or supporting (of one's muscles, hands, feet, etc.)


usod

Compare Tagalog bunsod (“start, initiation”) and Bikol Central ugsod (“push, nudge”).

moving to the side a little (to give more space to the person sitting beside)


madulas

tl-adj

madulás (plural madudulas, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜎᜐ᜔)

madulás (canonical)
madudulas (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
madulas (positive singular)
madudulas (plural positive)
dulas (positive root)
mas madulas (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madudulas (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madulas (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madudulas (comparative inferior plural)
kasindulas (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadulas (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadudulas (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadulas (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadudulas (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadulas (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadulas-dulas (absolute equal plural superlative)


madulas

tl-verb

mádulás (complete nadulas, progressive nadudulas, contemplative madudulas, 4th actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜎᜐ᜔)

mádulás (canonical)
nadulas (completive)
nadudulas (progressive)
madudulas (contemplative)
ᜋᜇᜓᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dulas (root)
actor (focus)
kadudulas (completive formal past past-recent)
madulas (formal imperative)
kakadulas (completive informal past past-recent)
madulas (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

madulas


sagingan

[sɐˈɣiː.ŋɐn̪]

[sɐ.ɣɪˈŋan̪]


sagingan

[sɐˈɣiː.ŋɐn̪]

[sɐ.ɣɪˈŋan̪]


laboy

soft and flabby parts of the body (such as flabby cheeks, earlobes, etc.)


biyaya

Ultimately from Sanskrit व्यय (vyaya, “spending”). A borrowing from Malay biaya (“expense; charge”) is also considered, given trade between the Hindu Srivijaya Empire and the pre-colonial Philippines. Compare Javanese ꦧꦶꦪꦪ (biyaya).


ngitngit

ngitngít (canonical)
ᜅᜒᜆ᜔ᜅᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ŋɪt̪ˈŋit̪̚]


lagapak

Possibly related to lagpak. Compare Bikol Central lagapak.

sudden, heavy fall on the ground (causing an abrupt, loud noise)

(figurative) miserable failure (in an examination)


lagusan

pierced; penetrated (from one side to the other)


lagusan

tl-verb

lagusán (complete nilagusan, progressive nilalagusan, contemplative lalagusan, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜄᜓᜐᜈ᜔)

lagusán (canonical)
nilagusan (completive)
nilalagusan (progressive)
lalagusan (contemplative)
ᜎᜄᜓᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lagos (root)
lagusan (infinitive)
nilagusan (completive root)
nilalagusan (progressive root)
inalagusan (dialectal progressive root)
lalagusan (contemplative objective)
alagusan (contemplative dialectal objective)
lagusi (dialectal imperative objective)

lagusan

to pass through (as through a tunnel, etc.)

to pierce through; to penetrate through and through


kuyang

From kuya + -ng. Compare Kapampangan koyang.

(informal) term of address for a male senior (in school, work, etc.)

(informal) term of address for any young male: mister; bro


lukban

tlb

(chiefly dialectal, Quezon, Marinduque, Mindoro)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(ə)ban. Compare Bikol Central lukban and Ibanag lubban.


kalaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kalaw (“a bird, the hornbill”), from Proto-Austronesian *kalaw (“bird sp.”).

inh

a hornbill, especially of the species Buceros hydrocorax


lupog

rotting due to soaking in too much water (of rice, wheat, corn, and other plants)


lubid

From Proto-Philippine *lúbid. Compare Bikol Central lubid, Cebuano lubid, Maranao lobid, and Tausug lubid.

(figurative) fabrication; invention (of lies, excuses, etc.)


kulat

a variety of fungus that usually grows on decaying wood


salog

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saluʀ (“brook or small stream”). Compare Malay salur.

inh+

pool or puddle of water after heavy rain


liyad

bent backwards with the stomach jutting out


liyad

bending of one's body backwards with the stomach jutting out


inang-panguman

tl-noun

ináng-pangumán or ináng-panguman (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜅ᜔ᜉᜅᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

ináng-pangumán (canonical)
ináng-panguman (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜅ᜔ᜉᜅᜓᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˌn̪am pɐˈŋuː.mɐn̪]


utin

[ˈʔuː.t̪ɪn̪]


kwarta

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwarta.


luwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaq (cf. Cebuano luwa, Fijian lua, Malagasy lua, Malay luah, and Maori ruaki).

ejection from the mouth; spitting (of an object in one's mouth)

bulging out; sticking out (of something)

(by extension) ejection (as from a machine, etc.)


maningas

From ma- + ningas. The sense “month” is in reference to moonlight, possibly during a time of a full moon. Compare Dupaningan Agta maningas (“moon”).


maningas

tatlong maningas

Ikalwang maningas ito.


maluto

From ma- + luto (“cook”). Compare Kapampangan malutu (“red”) and Maranao maloto' (“dark in color”).


maluto

tl-verb

malutò (complete naluto, progressive naluluto, contemplative maluluto, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜆᜓ)

malutò (canonical)
naluto (completive)
naluluto (progressive)
maluluto (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
luto (root)
maluto (infinitive root trigger-actor)
naluto (completive root trigger-actor)
naluluto (progressive trigger-actor)
maluluto (contemplative trigger-actor)
kaluluto (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakaluto (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
ipaluto (infinitive root trigger-object)
ipinaluto (completive root trigger-object)
ipinaluluto (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapaluto (progressive trigger-object)
ipaluluto (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapaluto (contemplative trigger-object)
lutuan (directional infinitive root)
nilutuan (completive directional root)
nilulutuan (directional progressive)
inalutuan (dialectal directional progressive)
lulutuan (contemplative directional)
alutuan (contemplative dialectal directional)
paglutuan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinaglutuan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapaglutuan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinaglulutuan (progressive trigger-locative)
papaglutuan (contemplative trigger-locative)
paglulutuan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipanluto (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinanluto (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapanluto (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapanluto (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikaluto (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinaluto (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinaluluto (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakaluto (progressive trigger-causative)
ikaluluto (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakaluto (contemplative trigger-causative)
magpaluto (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpaluto (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapaluto (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapaluto (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapaluluto (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapaluto (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapaluto (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapaluto (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
palutuin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinaluto (actor-secondary completive)
pinaluluto (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapaluto (actor-secondary progressive)
palulutuin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papalutuin (actor-secondary contemplative)
palutuan (directional infinitive)
pinalutuan (completive directional)
pinapalutuan (directional progressive)
pinalulutuan (directional progressive)
papalutuan (contemplative directional)
palulutuan (contemplative directional)
ikapagpaluto (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpaluto (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapaluto (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpaluto (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapaluto (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpaluto (contemplative trigger-causative)
makaluto (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakaluto (completive trigger-actor)
nakaluluto (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakaluto (progressive trigger-actor)
makaluluto (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakaluto (contemplative trigger-actor)
maipaluto (infinitive trigger-object)
naipaluto (completive trigger-object)
naipaluluto (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapaluto (progressive trigger-object)
naiipaluto (progressive trigger-object)
maipaluluto (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapaluto (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipaluto (contemplative trigger-object)
malutuan (directional infinitive)
nalutuan (completive directional)
nalulutuan (directional progressive)
malulutuan (contemplative directional)
makapagpaluto (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpaluto (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapaluto (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpaluto (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapaluto (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpaluto (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapaluto (actor-secondary infinitive)
napaluto (actor-secondary completive)
napaluluto (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapaluto (actor-secondary progressive)
mapaluluto (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapaluto (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapalutuan (directional infinitive)
napalutuan (completive directional)
napalulutuan (directional formal progressive)
napapalutuan (directional progressive)
mapalulutuan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapalutuan (contemplative directional)
maikapagpaluto (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpaluto (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapaluto (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpaluto (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpaluto (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapaluto (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpaluto (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpaluto (contemplative trigger-causative)
makiluto (direct infinitive)
nakiluto (completive direct)
nakikiluto (direct progressive)
makikiluto (contemplative direct)
makipagpaluto (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpaluto (completive indirect)
nakikipagpaluto (indirect progressive)
makikipagpaluto (contemplative indirect)


maluto

(dialectal, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon) food brought when travelling


maluto

Hindi maluto ang pagkapula nitong suga.

The coloration of this incarnadine is not fine.


liwat

pouring of liquid from one container to another (to cool or mix the liquid)


upaw

act of shaving off the hair (of one's head)


kintsay

kintsáy (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɪn̪ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Hokkien 芹菜 (khîn-chhài, “celery”). Compare English kinchay.

bor+

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual

Chinese celery ("varieties of Apium graveolens")


sapiro

Borrowed from Spanish zafiro (“sapphire”).


bayabasan

tl-verb

bayabasan (complete binayabasan, progressive binabayabasan, contemplative babayabasan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜊᜐᜈ᜔)

binayabasan (completive)
binabayabasan (progressive)
babayabasan (contemplative)
ᜊᜌᜊᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bayabas (root)
bayabasan (infinitive)
binayabasan (completive root)
binabayabasan (progressive root)
inabayabasan (dialectal progressive root)
babayabasan (contemplative objective)
abayabasan (contemplative dialectal objective)
bayabasi (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-in-an

bayabasan

bayabasan


impo

Either from the following:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əmpu (“grandparent/grandchild (recipr.); ancestor; lord, master, owner”); compare Malay punya (“owner; to have”).
* From Hokkien, possibly 引婆 (ín-pô), or 姆婆 (ḿ-pô) recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as “ìn pō” and “m̄ pō”.
Zorc (1985) records both etymologies but finds the Chinese etymology as less likely.

inh

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


kalbo

Borrowed from Spanish calvo (“bald”) with a stress shift due to having a closed penultimate syllable, from Latin calvus.

(figurative) devoid of trees; cleared (of a mountain or a forest)


hinang

From Proto-Southern Philipppine *hinaŋ (“to make; to do”). Compare Calamian Tagbanwa inang, Bikol Central hinang, Mamanwa hinang, Mansaka inang, and Tausug hinang.


Kana

tl-noun

Kanâ (masculine Kano, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈ)

Kanâ (canonical)
Kano (masculine)
ᜃᜈ (Baybayin)

... 'yan ang kutis na pinagkakamatayan ng mga Kana sa States. Kaya sila malimit sa dagat ... nagpapasun-tan ba." "Aba, wala namang malamang gawin ang mga dalaga rito sa atin kung pa'no magpapaputi." “Madali 'yan... bleach .

ANITA: Lalo na kung makikita ka nilang nagpapasikat sa pagsayaw sa mga Kana. (Napapangiti si Ruben. Magka- katinginan ang mag-asawa, matitigilan) RUBEN : Kung ganoo'y saan mo gustong tumira, Anita? ANITA: Sa bunso mo kaya.

1984, Women Writers in Media Now (Philippines), Filipina I: poetry, drama, fiction, Cellar Book Shop

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(informal, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) female American (citizen of the United States)


bulong

→ Kapampangan: bulung

incantation (such as used by quack doctors, etc.)


magmula

tl-verb

magmulâ (complete nagmula, progressive nagmumula, contemplative magmumula, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜓᜎ)

magmulâ (canonical)
nagmula (completive)
nagmumula (progressive)
magmumula (contemplative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜓᜎ (Baybayin)


ulikba

white-feathered fowl with dark skin and meat

(by extension, offensive) dark-skinned person


islip

Borrowed from English slip, possibly from Middle Dutch slippe or Middle Low German slippe.


islip

Borrowed from English slip, possibly from Middle Low German slippen.


banoy

Early borrowing from a South Luzon axis language, possibly Kapampangan, from Proto-Philippine *banuʀ (“hawk; eagle”). Cognate with Isnag bannog, Batad Ifugao bannug, Cebuano banog, and Maranao banog.


balikat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balikat. Compare Alangan balikat (“shoulder”) and Malay belikat (“scapula”).


sangkalan

sangkalán (complete sinangkalan, progressive sinasangkalan, contemplative sasangkalan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜃᜎᜈ᜔)

sangkalán (canonical)
sinangkalan (completive)
sinasangkalan (progressive)
sasangkalan (contemplative)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sangkal (root)
sangkalan (infinitive)
sinangkalan (completive root)
sinasangkalan (progressive root)
inasangkalan (dialectal progressive root)
sasangkalan (contemplative objective)
asangkalan (contemplative dialectal objective)
sangkali (dialectal imperative objective)

sangkalan

Sinangkalan ang nanay ng suso.

The mother had her breast hardened due to overaccumulated milk.

to have one's breasts hardened due to overaccumulation of milk (of a nursing mother)


ulay

ulay (canonical)
uláy (canonical)
ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ulay.


ulay

(agriculture) act of covering young plants to stimulate growth


urong

backward movement; moving back; retreat; recession

postponement (of events, activities, etc.)

(chiefly Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal) clearing of table after eating

(chiefly Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Rizal) washing the dishes

end from work shift; dismissal from work

retreat from a fight or contest; refusal to fight anymore


urong

given to retreating or running away (from a fight)


ulila

[ʔʊˈliː.lɐʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ulila (“orphan”).


ulila

[ʔʊˈliː.lɐʔ]


iilan

[ˌʔiː.ʔɪˈlan̪]


iilan

[ˌʔiː.ʔɪˈlan̪]


bulkan

Borrowed from Spanish volcán (“volcano”), from Italian vulcano from Latin Vulcānus (“Vulcan”).


sinapismo

Borrowed from Spanish sinapismo, from Late Latin sinapismus, from Ancient Greek σιναπισμός (sinapismós), from σίναπι (sínapi, “mustard”).


katay

Possibly related to Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”) (compare Tagalog matay, patay, and bitay), or from Hokkien 共伊刣 (kā i thâi, literally “have it/him/her slaughtered”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). See more at Hokkien 刣 (thâi) where the second element may simply be a substrate cognate word comparable to Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”).

noncog

act of killing or butchering an animal for food

act of cutting a butchered animal into pieces

(by extension) fish, small pieces of meat, etc. tied or strung together in a bundle


katay

slaughtered or butchered for food, referring to an animal

cut into big pieces, referring to a butchered animal


Sanson

Possibly from Hokkien 曾孫／曾孙 (chan-sun, “great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Sanson (Compare Tagalog Singson), or from a hypercorrection of Samson, from Spanish Samson, originally from Literary Hokkien 三孫／三孙 (sam-sun), corrected with Mandarin 三 (sān).

der

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


plaslayt

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


Kho

Borrowed from Hokkien 許／许 (Khó). Doublet of Co and Ko.


pakimkim

pakimkím (canonical)
ᜉᜃᜒᜋ᜔ᜃᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

money given by godparents to the godchild


bidbiran

tl-verb

bidbirán (complete binidbiran, progressive binibidbiran, contemplative bibidbiran, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜇᜈ᜔)

bidbirán (canonical)
binidbiran (completive)
binibidbiran (progressive)
bibidbiran (contemplative)
ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bidbid (root)
bidbiran (infinitive)
binidbiran (completive root)
binibidbiran (progressive root)
inabidbiran (dialectal progressive root)
bibidbiran (contemplative objective)
abidbiran (contemplative dialectal objective)
bidbiri (dialectal imperative objective)

bidbiran

to wind around something (of rope, wire, string, etc.)


Belhika

Borrowed from Spanish Bélgica (“Belgium”).

bor+

Ang mga bansang naunang lumagda sa kasunduang ito ay ang Estados Unidos, Kanada, Inglatera, Pransiya, Olanda, Belhika, Norwega, Luksemburgo, Italya, Dinamarka, Islandiya at Portugal.

1949, Sa kapakanaan ng kapayapaan at kaunlarang pandaigdig:

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Belhika

female equivalent of Belhiko: female Belgian


bayani

Borrowed from Kapampangan bayani, from Proto-Philippine *baʀani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“brave, bold; dare to do”). Expected word would be *bagani if directly inherited. Cognate with Cebuano bagani, Maranao bagani, Malay berani, and Marshallese peran. Doublet of balani.

der

person who offers free service in a cooperative endeavor


bayong

→ Agutaynen: bayong

→ Chavacano: bayon

→ Ibaloi: bayong

→ Ilocano: bay-ong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayuquŋ (“bag of plaited palm leaves”). Compare Ilocano bay-ong, Hiligaynon bayoong and Brunei Malay bayong.

inh

bayong (large bag or sack made of woven buri palm leaves)


sumbi

(Batangas) punch; box; blow (with one's fist on the face, nose, etc.)


sumbo

Borrowed from Malay sumbu (“wick; fuse”). Compare Kapampangan sumbu, Maranao sombo (“wick”), and Javanese ꦱꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (sumbu, “wick; fuse”).


palara

Possibly from Malay perada (“tinsel; gold foil”), ultimately from Sanskrit पारद (pārada, “mercury; quicksilver”).

der

foil (thin aluminum or tin used to wrap food)


makapangyarihan

tl-adj

makapangyarihan (plural makakapangyarihan, superlative pinakamakapangyarihan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜉᜅ᜔ᜌᜇᜒᜑᜈ᜔)

makakapangyarihan (plural)
pinakamakapangyarihan (superlative)
ᜋᜃᜉᜅ᜔ᜌᜇᜒᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Kua

From Hokkien 柯 (Koa), via Spanish Kua. Doublet of Cua and Koa.


magugol

magugol (plural magugugol, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜓᜄᜓᜎ᜔)


magugol

tl-verb

magugol (complete nagugol, progressive nagugugol, contemplative magugugol, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜓᜄᜓᜎ᜔)

nagugol (completive)
nagugugol (progressive)
magugugol (contemplative)
ᜋᜄᜓᜄᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


hilom

closing up of an opening (as of cracks on the ground)


hilom

closed up; filled up (as of cracks on the ground)


birada

[bɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


edukada

[ʔɛ.d̪ʊˈxaː.d̪ɐ]


makruh

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مَكْرُوه (makrūh).


tagiamo

[t̪ɐ.ɣɪˈʔaː.moʔ]


abuab

[ʔɐ.bʊˈʔab̚]

Lophopetalum javanicum
Wikispecies:Lophopetalum javanicum

(botany) tree whose bark is used to poison arrows (Lophopetalum javanicum)


luglog

rinsing by shaking in water (especially a bottle)

shaking to make something fall (such as fruits on a tree)


luglog

rinsed by shaking in water (especially a bottle)

fallen after shaking (such as fruits on a tree)

shaken; rocked (of passengers on a vehicle)

dipped in boiling stock then added with condiments (of noodles cooked as pancit luglug)


bahagan

tl-verb

bahagán (complete binahagan, progressive binabahagan, contemplative babahagan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜑᜄᜈ᜔)

bahagán (canonical)
binahagan (completive)
binabahagan (progressive)
babahagan (contemplative)
ᜊᜑᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
hag (root)
bahagan (infinitive)
binahagan (completive root)
binabahagan (progressive root)
inabahagan (dialectal progressive root)
babahagan (contemplative objective)
abahagan (contemplative dialectal objective)
bahagi (dialectal imperative objective)

bahagan


ranggo

Borrowed from Spanish rango, from French rang.


liryo

Borrowed from Spanish lirio, from Latin līlium, from Ancient Greek λείριον (leírion).


amarilyo

Borrowed from Spanish amarillo, from Old Spanish amariello, from Late Latin amarellus, from Latin amarus (“bitter, sour”).

Tagetes erecta
Tagetes erecta#Translingual

Mexican marigold; Tagetes erecta (plant and flower)