kita

kita (canonical)
kità (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish quitación (“rent; wages; salary”), from quita (“debt relief”).

bor+

pabago-bagong kita


kita

gained; benefited (of business or interest money)


libro

libró (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
libdo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


talo

From Proto-Philippine *talu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talu. Cognate with Balinese ᬢᬮᬸ (talu, “defeated”). See also Malay takluk.


talo

(agriculture) transferring of what were sown


ala

Borrowed from Spanish ala, from Latin āla.


tubo

From Proto-Philippine *tubuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq (cf. Fijian tubu (“to grow”), Javanese ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “to grow”), Maori tupu (“to grow”), Malay tubuh (“body”) / tumbuh (“to grow”)), from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq (cf. Paiwan cuvuq (“sprout”)).


madre

Borrowed from Spanish madre, from Latin mātrem, singular accusative of māter (“mother, matron”).

(carpentry, in general) frame; spindle; principal piece, log, or beam


polo

Borrowed from English polo, from Balti پولو (polo).

Maraming reklamo si Arni tungkol sa initiation; sisisihin pa nito si Sid dahil ito ang pumilit sa kanyang sumali sa frat. Magsusuot ng polo si Arni. Halos hindi niya maigalaw ang kanyang braso.

1981, Clodualdo Del Mundo, Writing for Film:

Arni have a lot of complaints about the initiation; he even blamed Sid for forcing him to join the frat. Arni would wear a polo shirt. He could almost not move his arms.


polo

Borrowed from Spanish polo, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos).


polo

Borrowed from Spanish polo (“corvée”), which came from either:
* From pulo, ikapulo (“tenth”) or tithe (diezmos prediales), for a tenth (10%) of the harvest is given to the Church. Related to etymology 5.
* From corruption of polong, Hispanicized spelling of Tagalog pulong, meaning “community work”.

unpaid compulsory work; corvee; forced labor

tax levied on the natives and paid as labor, goods, and/or money


adobe

[ʔɐˈd̪oː.bɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish adobe, from Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb), from Sahidic Coptic ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe, “brick”), from Demotic  (tb, “brick”), from Egyptian Db-b-t:O39 (ḏbt, “brick, block, ingot”).

der

Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb)


helikopter

tl-noun

helikopter (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English helicopter. Doublet of elikoptero.


abrigo

[ʔɐˈbɾiː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigo (“overcoat”).


suki

sukì (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
suke (alternative)
suque (alternative)
suqui (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 主客 (chú-kheh, “regular customer or dealer”), as per Chan-Yap (1980). Cognates to Ilocano suki, Pangasinan suki, Bikol Central suki, Cebuano suki, and Tausug sukiꞌ.

regular and long-standing customer or client (who may receive special treatment due to patronage)

(dialectal) regular vendor or dealer (which one buys from)


suki

sukì (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
soqui (alternative)
suqui (alternative)

cross-like support or prop placed inside houses

act of propping up or shoring up (something)


biga

bigà (canonical)
biga (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄ (Baybayin)


kuko

kukò (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
coco (alternative)

engraving for inlay; inlaid work or mosaic


kapak

(construction) plaster defect not bonding with the wall


dedal

dedál (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
didal (alternative)
diral (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish dedal, from Old Spanish dedal, from Late Latin digitāle, from Latin digitālis. Doublet of dihital.


salta

Early borrowing from Spanish saltar. Doublet of jota.

(finance, colloquial) entry; coming in (of money as income)


kard

Borrowed from English card, from Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of kalatas, karta, and tsart.


deposito

depósitó (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


aleta

[ʔɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aleta (literally “small wing”).


matris

matrís (canonical)
ᜋᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
matres (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish matriz, from Latin mātrīx, from māter (“mother”).


bukid

ᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bucquir (alternative)
bukir (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *bukij (“mountain”). Compare Pangasinan bokig, Cebuano bukid, Malay bukit, and Javanese ꦮꦸꦏꦶꦂ (wukir).

(agriculture) farm; field under cultivation


paina

any of the two principal sidings of the rungs of a ladder or of the steps of a staircase


dimiti

[ˌd̪iː.mɪˈt̪ɪ]

Borrowed from English dimity, from earlier dimite, from Middle English demit, demyt, from Medieval Latin dimitum, from Byzantine Greek δίμιτον (dímiton), from Ancient Greek δίμιτος (dímitos).

dimity (light strong fabric with woven stripes or squares)


babae

ᜊᜊᜁ (Baybayin)
babaye (alternative)
babayi (alternative)
babai (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi. Cognate with Cebuano babaye, Kapampangan babai, Ilocano babai, Mansaka bobay, Maranao bebay, Paiwan vavayan, and Yogad bebay.

(electronics, mechanics) female connector; female fastener


sari-sari store

tl-noun

sarì-sarì store (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

sarì-sarì store (canonical)
ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

[ˌsaː.ɾiː ˌsaː.ɾiː ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

Unadapted borrowing from English sari-sari store, itself from Tagalog sari-sari + English store, literally “variety store”.

compound

Nagbukas si Tita Rhodora ng sari-sari store bilang negosyo, at pumatok ito dahil malayo ang supermarket sa mga nakatira dito.

Tita Rhodora opened a sari-sari store as a business, and this was well-received as the supermarket was distant from the community there.


interes

interés (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛˈɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish interés, from Latin interesse.


sapi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapiq (“contract, harmony, agreement”).

inh

(business) stock; share (of a corporation, partnership, etc.)


linis

From Proto-Philippine *linis (“clean”). Compare Bikol Central linig and Pangasinan linis.


tutos

(sewing) act of sewing something with loose, temporary stitches


adaptador

adaptadór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


merkado

Borrowed from Spanish mercado, from Latin mercātus.


araro

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish arado, from Old Spanish aradro, from Latin arātrum. Compare Cebuano daro.


lalaki

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, with initial reduplication. Compare Aklanon eaki, Bikol Central lalaki, Cebuano lalaki, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lélake, Eastern Bontoc laraki, Kapampangan lalaki, Lindu laki, Madurese ꦭꦭꦏꦼ (lalake), Malay laki (“husband”), Malay lelaki (“male”), Sundanese lalaki, Tetum la'en (“husband”), and Urak Lawoi' ลากี (laki, “husband”).

(electronics, mechanics) male connector; male fastener


hapay

(figurative, finance) bankruptcy; business failure


armador

[ʔɐɾ.mɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish armador, from Latin armātor. Doublet of almador.


disaluyan

dísalúyan (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐᜎᜓᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kasagwilan

tl-noun

kasagwilán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜈ᜔)

kasagwilán (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From sagwil (“electrical resistance (neologism)”) + ka- -an.


duhandas

duhandás (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜑᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


balindas

balindás (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


ubo

(agriculture, horticulture) act of transplanting a young plant


kahab-an

kahab-án (canonical)
ᜃᜑᜊ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cahab-an (alternative)
cahab an (alternative)
cahaban (alternative)
kahaban (alternative obsolete)

Syncopic form of kahabaan, from haba + ka- -an.


dagitigilan

tl-noun

dagitigilan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜄᜒᜆᜒᜄᜒᜎᜈ᜔)

ᜇᜄᜒᜆᜒᜄᜒᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɐ.ɣɪ.t̪ɪˈɣiː.lɐn̪]


dagitban

dagitbán (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Syncopic form of dagitaban, from dagitab + -an.

electricity (field of physical science and technology)


tulog

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tuduʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ (cf. Aklanon tueog, Bikol Central turog, Ilocano turog, Javanese ꦠꦸꦫꦸ (turu), Malay tidur, Maranao torog, Tausug tug), from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.


balbon

balbón (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
barbon (alternative)

(construction) defected due to uneven plastering (of a wall)


ikog

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ. Compare Bikol Central ikog (“tail”), Cebuano ikog (“tail”), Malay ekor (“tail”), and Maranao ikog (“tail”).


dagindas

dagindás (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


ampaw

ampáw (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ampao (alternative)

Uncertain. Possibly either:
* From Chinese, possibly Hokkien 紅包 /红包 (âng-pau), same with etymology 2. Compare Spanish hampáo, English ampao, Ilocano ampaw, Kapampangan ampo, Bikol Central ampaw, Cebuano ampaw, Aklanon ampaw, and Maranao ampaw.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampaw (“empty husk (of rice, etc.)”).

inh

(construction) honeycomb air pockets forming in concrete (when applied incorrectly)


ampaw

(construction) having honeycomb air pockets in concrete (when applied incorrectly)


tambol

Borrowed from Spanish tambor, from Andalusian Arabic تابول (ṭabbūl), hypocorism/diminutive of Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr).

(construction) covering to hide eyesore plumbing (made of plywood or gypsum)


ulay

(agriculture) act of covering young plants to stimulate growth


aksiyon

aksiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
aksyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish acción, from Latin āctiōnem.

(finance) share; stock (in a company, business, etc.)


pitik

pitík (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pitic (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitik (“to fillip, flick with the finger”). Compare Malay petik.

(carpentry) carpenter's line for marking; chalk line


ukay-ukay

ᜂᜃᜌ᜔ᜂᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
ocay ocay (alternative)

[ˌʔuː.xaɪ̯ ˈʔuː.xaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Cebuano ukay-ukay. Compare ukay.

ukay-ukay (a Philippine store where secondhand items such as clothes, bags, shoes and other accessories are sold at a cheap price and often rummaged by buyers)

(by extension) products bought in an ukay-ukay (usually clothes)


ukay-ukay

ukáy-ukáy (canonical)
ᜂᜃᜌ᜔ᜂᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
ocay ocay (alternative)

[ʔʊˌxaɪ̯ ʔʊˈxaɪ̯]

creeping and rolling (of a snake, worm, etc.)


kuwarto

Borrowed from Spanish cuarto (“room; quarter”).

bor+

(commerce, by extension) twenty-five centavos


kotong

Borrowed from Hokkien 股東 /股东 (kó͘-tong, “shareholder”).

(Chinese Filipino, business, colloquial) shareholder; stockholder


kamalig

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamaliʀ (“bachelor's house”). Compare Old Javanese kamalir (“a particular kind of possibly-religious building”).


lugi

Borrowed from Malay rugi (“loss; financial loss”), possibly ultimately either from Sanskrit रोगिन् (rogin, “ill; sick; diseased”) or possibly related to or ultimately from Hokkien 落去 (lo̍h-khì, “to go down”).


sakong

(clothing) heel (part of a stocking, sock, etc. under the heel)


katam

Borrowed from Malay ketam (“carpenter’s plane”). Compare Ilocano katam, Bikol Central katam, and Tausug katam.


linggi

(carpentry) narrow, deep, and long mortise on wood


lipya

tl-noun

lipyâ or lipyà (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜌ)

lipyâ (canonical)
lipyà (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
lipia (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 犁壁 (lê-piah, “moldboard”, literally “plow wall”) as per Manuel (1948).


parokyano

ᜉᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
parukyano (alternative)

(business) patron; regular customer, as of a certain store or restaurant


sawali

sawalì (canonical)
ᜐᜏᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
sauali (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sawaliq (“bamboo walling”). Compare Ilocano sawali, Kapampangan sauali, Bikol Central sawali, Cebuano sawali, and Chamorro saguale'. See also Philippine Spanish sauale.

inh

woven, coarse mat of interlaced, thin, split bamboo strips (used for making simple walls in native houses, drying grains under the house, etc.)


mamuhunan

tl-verb

mamuhunan (complete namuhunan, progressive namumuhunan, contemplative mamumuhunan, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔)

namuhunan (completive)
namumuhunan (progressive)
mamumuhunan (contemplative)
ᜋᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
mang-
ᜋᜅ᜔
puhunan
ᜉᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔
actor
mamuhunan (infinitive)
ᜋᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
namuhunan
ᜈᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔
namumuhunan (progressive)
ᜈᜋᜓᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (progressive)
mamumuhunan
ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔
kapamumuhunan (formal)
ᜃᜉ ᜋᜓᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (formal)
kakapamuhunan (informal)
ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (informal)
kapapamuhunan (informal)
ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (informal)
pamuhunan (dialectal imperative)
ᜉ ᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (imperative)

tl-infl-table

mamuhunan

kakapamuhunan / ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔
kapapamuhunan / ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔

¹ Dialectal use only. Not used in Standard Tagalog.


kalaykay

From Proto-Philippine *kaykáy, from *kaykáy. Compare Ilocano karaykay, Ibanag karekay, and Kapampangan kaleke. Possibly composed of kaykay + *-al-.


hulog

ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
holog (alternative)
olog (alternative)
ulog (alternative uncommon)

From Proto-Philippine *huluʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Suluʀ (“to lower, let down, as on a rope”). Compare Paiwan surur (“a taut-stretched line”), Ilocano ulog (“to descend, go down”), Bikol Central hulog, Cebuano hulog, Tausug hulug, Malay hulur (“letting go, slacking or paying out (a line)”), and Manggarai ulur (“to lower, let oneself down”).

cog

(carpentry, masonry) determination of a construction being vertically set using a plumb line

(carpentry, masonry) vertical position of a construction (determined with a plumb line)

(carpentry) construction of an additional roof on a house (such as an awning or eaves)

(carpentry) added roof or room to a house


tseke

Borrowed from Spanish cheque, from English cheque, variant of check. Doublet of hake, tsek, and tses.


kolateral

kolaterál (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜆᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

(finance) collateral (security or guarantee)


suyod

ᜐᜓᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
soyor (alternative)
suyor (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sujud (“fine-toothed lice comb”), possibly borrowed via an intermediary language or existed as *sulod with elision of /l/ becoming /j/ instead of /w/ or /ʔ/. Compare Bikol Central surod, Dupaningan Agta surod, and Molbog surud.

der

(agriculture) harrowing of a plowed or cultivated field


unyon

(plumbing) short, hollow piece used to connect pipes


baterya

bateryá (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
bateriya (alternative)
bateria (alternative)
batirya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish batería (“large, rectangular, rechargeable battery”), with the definition broadened to all forms of electric batteries like the English battery.

bor+

(electronics) battery (device used to power electric devices)


tsek

Borrowed from English check. Doublet of hake, tseke, and tses.


kasosyo

(business) business partner; shareholder


takal

Borrowed from Malay takar. Compare Cebuano takal and Kapampangan takal.

(business) sale of merchandise at a certain rate by unit of measurement

(business) rate of charge by unit of measurement (for merchandise sold)


sampa

(finance, colloquial) entry; coming in (of money as income)


parian

→ Spanish: parián

[pɐ.ɾɪˈʔan̪]

From Brunei Malay padian (“water-market; floating market; vendors on boats”). Compare Ilocano parian (“marketplace”), Cebuano parian (“bazaar”), Maranao padi'an (“weekly market”), Maguindanao padian (“market”), and Tausug parian (“market”). See also Cebuano Pagadian. By folk etymology, from pa- + riyan, literally “go-to place”.


baktaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 墨斗 (ba̍k-táu, “ink marker”).

bor+

(carpentry) carpenter's ink marker (inked cord stretched tight then lowered onto timber)


magbubukid

tl-noun

magbubukíd (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔)

magbubukíd (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
magbubukir (alternative)

From mag- + bukid, from an initial reduplication of bukid.


kahero

kahero (feminine kahera, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜑᜒᜇᜓ)


buwena mano

buwena mano (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ ᜋᜈᜓ)

ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ ᜋᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
buena mano (alternative)
buwenamano (alternative)
bwenamano (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish buena mano (“wise decision; to be lucky”, literally “good hand [of starting cards]”). See also Hokkien 好手 (hó-chhiú, “good hand; expert; professional”), English deal a good hand.

ncog

auspicious start to an event, competition, or transaction that would set the tone for the rest that would follow

first customer or sale of the day (often sold at a discount) believed to bring luck for the rest of the business day


panhik

panhík (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
panhic (alternative)
panik (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panahik (“climb”). Compare Maranao panik, Malay naik, and Javanese ꦥꦺꦤꦺꦏ꧀ (pénék). See also naik.


dirihible

tl-noun

dirihible (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜑᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜑᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


kontador

kontadór (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuntador (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish contador. Doublet of kompiyuter.


organiko

orgánikó (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔoɾˌɡaː.n̪ɪˈxo]

(agriculture) organic (grown without agrochemicals)


mag-ulay

tl-verb

mag-uláy (complete nag-ulay, progressive nag-uulay, contemplative mag-uulay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔)

mag-uláy (canonical)
nag-ulay (completive)
nag-uulay (progressive)
mag-uulay (contemplative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
mag-
ᜋᜄ᜔
ulay
ᜂᜎᜌ᜔
actor
mag-ulay (infinitive)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (infinitive)
nag-ulay
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔
nag-uulay (progressive)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (progressive)
nagaulay (dialectal progressive)
ᜈᜄᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (progressive)
mag-uulay
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔
magaulay (dialectal)
ᜋᜄᜂᜎᜌ᜔
gaulay (dialectal)
ᜄᜂᜎᜌ᜔
kauulay (formal)
ᜃᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (formal)
kapag-uulay (formal)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (formal)
kakaulay (informal)
ᜃᜃᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (informal)
kakapag-ulay (informal)
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (informal)
kapapag-ulay (informal)
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (informal)
mag-ulay (dialectal imperative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔ (imperative)

tl-infl-table

mag-ulay

mag-uulay / ᜋᜄ᜔ᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔
magaulay¹ / ᜋᜄᜂᜎᜌ᜔
gaulay¹ / ᜄᜂᜎᜌ᜔

kauulay / ᜃᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔
kapag-uulay / ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜂᜎᜌ᜔

kakaulay / ᜃᜃᜂᜎᜌ᜔
kakapag-ulay / ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔
kapapag-ulay / ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜎᜌ᜔

[mɐɡ.ʔʊˈlaɪ̯]

(agriculture) to cover young plants to stimulate growth


sepelin

[ˌsɛː.pɛˈlɪn̪]

Borrowed from English Zeppelin, from German Zeppelin.


balagbag

From Proto-Philippine *bala(ʀ)báʀ. Compare Bikol Central balagbag, Aklanon baeabag, Cebuano balabag, and Maranao balabag.

(agriculture) crosswise plowing of the field


porma

Borrowed from Spanish forma, from Latin fōrma, from Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ). Doublet of hulma.


teneduriya

tl-noun

teneduriya (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜌ)

ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
teneduria (alternative)
tenedurya (alternative)

[t̪ɛ.n̪ɛ.d̪ʊˈɾiː.ɐ]


palarindingan

palarindingan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜎᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
paladindingan (alternative)

[pɐ.lɐ.ɾɪn̪ˈd̪iː.ŋɐn̪]


bangking

Borrowed from Ilocano bangking. Compare Pangasinan bangking. See also Cebuano bangking and English banking.


bangking

banking, leaning, or tilting (especially of a motorcycle when cornering through a curve in the road)


alkayseriya

alkayseriya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alcaicería, from Andalusian Arabic القَيْصَرِيَّة (alqayṣaríyya), from Arabic قَيْصَر (qayṣar, “Caesar; emperor”), in turn from Ancient Greek Καῖσᾰρ (Kaîsăr), from Latin Caesar, after the fact that such marketplaces in Andalusia were built by imperial decree.

der

القَيْصَرِيَّة

(trading) marketplace of silk, cotton, and other materials for trade


alunan

tlb

(electronics, communication, broadcasting, neologism)

[ʔɐˈluː.n̪ɐn̪]


anilyo

Borrowed from Spanish anillo, from Old Spanish aniello, from Latin ānellus (“little ring”), from ānulus, diminutive of ānus (“ring”).

(construction) stirrup (bent rebar wrapped around main rebars)


alahado

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish alajado, from a- + laja (“slab”) + -ado.

bor+

aligned; flush (of both sides of the surface of two slabs of any material)


asintada

[ʔɐ.sɪn̪ˈt̪aː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish asentada (“settled”). See asinta.


rebokada

Possibly borrowed from Spanish revocada (“revoked”)


pang-itaas

pang-itaás (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜁᜆᜀᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐŋ.ʔɪ.t̪ɐˈʔas]

From pang- + itaas, literally “for the upper”.


pang-ibaba

pang-ibabâ (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜁᜊᜊ (Baybayin)

From pang- + ibaba, literally “for the lower”.


kortosirkuwito

tl-noun

kortosirkuwito (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜆᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kortosirkwito (alternative)
korto sirkuwito (alternative)


libro de-kuwenta

libro de-kuwenta (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
libro-de-kuwenta (alternative)
libro de kuwenta (alternative)
libro de-kwenta (alternative)
libro-de-kwenta (alternative)
libro de kwenta (alternative)
libro-de-kuwentas (alternative)
libro de kuwentas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish libro de cuenta (“book of account”). Compare Ilocano kuwenta de libro.


kontador publikong sertipikado

tl-noun

kontadór públikóng sertipikado (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜓᜅ᜔ ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜇᜓ)

kontadór públikóng sertipikado (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜓᜅ᜔ ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Partial calque of Spanish contador público certificado.

partial calque

certified public accountant
certified public accountant


aklat-tuosan

tl-noun

aklát-tuosan (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔ᜆᜓᜂᜐᜈ᜔)

aklát-tuosan (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔ᜆᜓᜂᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
aklat-tuusan (alternative)

[ʔɐkˌlat̪ t̪ʊˈʔoː.sɐn̪]


aksiyonista

aksiyonista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
aksyonista (alternative)
aksyunista (alternative)
aksiyunista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish accionista (“shareholder”). By surface analysis, aksiyon (“share; stock”) + -ista. Compare English actionist.


kolyarin

kolyarín (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜌᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kulyarin (alternative)


naytgawn

ᜈᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜄᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
naitgaun (alternative dated)
naytgaun (alternative dated)

[ˈn̪aɪ̯t̪.ɡaʊ̯n̪]


hamya

hamyâ (canonical)
ᜑᜋ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
hanya (alternative obsolete)

(agriculture, obsolete) rice that is spread out before storing


polosirt

pólosírt (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


istakholder

tl-noun

istakholder (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜃ᜔ᜑᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜃ᜔ᜑᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


akreedor

akreedór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

akreedór (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐk.ɾɛ.ɛˈd̪oɾ]


bukkiping

bukkiping (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜅ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


bukkiper

ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


akumulador

akumuladór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜋᜓᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

akumuladór (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜋᜓᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acumulador, from Latin accumulātor.

(electronics, uncommon) accumulator (wet-cell storage battery)


alunig

[ʔɐˈluː.n̪ɪɡ̚]

resonance (condition where the inductive and capacitive reactances have equal magnitude)


Malawakang Depresyon

tl-proper noun

Malawakang Depresyón (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜏᜃᜅ᜔ ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

tlb

(economics, business, finance, historical)

Malawakang Depresyón (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜏᜃᜅ᜔ ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Calque of English Great Depression. Literally, “Widespread Depression”.


pangasiwaang pangnegosyo

tl-noun

pángasiwaáng pangnegosyo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜐᜒᜏᜀᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ)

pángasiwaáng pangnegosyo (canonical)
ᜉᜅᜐᜒᜏᜀᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Calque of English business administration.

clq

business administration
business administration


netong halaga

tl-noun

netong halagá (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ ᜑᜎᜄ)

netong halagá (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ ᜑᜎᜄ (Baybayin)

[ˌn̪ɛː.t̪oŋ hɐ.lɐˈɣa]


eroplanong pambomba

eroplanong pambomba (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)

ᜁᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)


eroplanong pandigma

eroplanong pandigmâ (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋ)

eroplanong pandigmâ (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋ (Baybayin)


wagwagan

[wɐɡˈwaː.ɣɐn̪]

From wagwag (“shake”) + -an, due to the shaking motion that vendors do to clothes.


likas-kayang pag-unlad

tl-adj

likás-kayang pag-unlád (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜃᜌᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜈ᜔ᜎᜇ᜔)

likás-kayang pag-unlád (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜃᜌᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜂᜈ᜔ᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

sustainable development
sustainable development


glab

Borrowed from English glove, from Middle English glove, glofe, from Old English glōf, *glōfe, *glōfa.

(baseball) baseball glove; baseball mitt


pusible

Borrowed from Spanish fusible (“fuse”), from Medieval Latin fusibilis.

fuse (device preventing overloading of a circuit)


pusible

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of posible.


piyus

piyús (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pyus (alternative)

Borrowed from English fuse, back-formation from fusion, from Middle French fusion, from Latin fūsiōnem.


kotonya

Borrowed from Spanish cotonía (“dimity”), from Arabic قُطْنِيَّة (quṭniyya, “cotton garment”).

der

dimity (light strong fabric with woven stripes or squares)


almendrilya

tl-noun

almendrilya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish almendrilla (“locksmith's file”). Doublet of almendrilyas.


elikoptero

tl-noun

elikópteró (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

elikópteró (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish helicóptero, from French hélicoptère, from Ancient Greek ἕλιξ (hélix, “spiral”) + πτερόν (pterón, “wing”).


hornal

hornál (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
hurnal (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English journal, from Middle English journal, from Anglo-Norman jurnal, from Old French jornel, from Latin diurnālis. Spanish jornal does not mean “journal”. Compare French journal and Italian giornale. See diyornal.


boyna

ᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜈ (Baybayin)
boina (alternative dated)


ampliyasyon

tl-noun

ampliyasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

ampliyasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ampliasyon (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish ampliación. By surface analysis, ampliya + -syon.


ampliyador

ampliyadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

ampliyadór (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ampliador (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish ampliador. By surface analysis, ampliya + -dor.

(electronics) amplifier (appliance or circuit)


kontador publiko

kontadór públikó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜓ)

kontadór públikó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)