-ing

tl-proper noun

-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)

Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.

diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.


-an

tl-verb

-an (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

◌ᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-han (alternative)
-nan (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an.

Buksan mo ang pinto.

object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing

Binagalan ni Sue ang kotse.

object trigger: to cause something to become; to make

Tinitingnan ko ang manwal.

directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of

Titirhan ko si Roy ng keyk.

benefactive trigger: to do something for

Winawalis-walisan; ko ang sahig.

object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

Tinutulung-tulungan ni Jessy si Patty.

directional trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

Huwag mong sulatan ang dokumento.

object trigger: to perform the action of the verb on something


-an

tl-noun

-an (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

aklat (“book”) + -an → aklatan (“library”)

basura (“trash”) + -an → basurahan (“trash can”)

Forms locative nouns expressing where a large quantity of the thing meant by the root is put, planted, or can be found

kain (“eat”) + -an → kainan (“place where people eat e.g. restaurant, café,...”)

Forms locative nouns where the action expressed by the root is performed

ani (“harvest”) + -an → anihan (“harvest time”)

pasok (“entry, class, work”) + -an → pasukan (“school time, school year”)

Forms nouns expressing period in which the action expressed by the root is collectively performed

oras (“time”) + -an → orasan (“clock, watch”)

timbang (“weight”) + -an → timbangan (“weighing scale”)

Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root

sayaw (“dance”) + -an → sayawan (“dancing together”)

kanta (“sing”) + -an → kantahan (“singing together”)

Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root

bahay (“house”) + -an → bahay-bahayan (“toy house”)

Diyos (“God”) + -an → diyos-diyosan (“false god”)

baril (“gun”) + -an → baril-barilan (“toy gun”)

Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something (used with reduplication of root word)


-an

tl-adv

-an (adverb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ᜔ or ᜀᜈ᜔)

tatlo (“three”) + -an → tatluhan (“in threes, three at a time”)

dalawampu (“twenty”) + -an → dalawampuan (“in groups of twenty, twenty at a time”)

(appended to numbers) Used to indicate groups.


-s

pwede + -s → pweds

(slang, generally humorous) suffix added in slang, especially in place of reduplication


-in

tl-verb

-in (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

ᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-hin (alternative)
-nin (alternative)
-rin (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən.

Lulutuin ko ang isda.

object trigger: to perform the action of the verb to someone or something

Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia.

Binabaha ang bahay niya.

actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon

Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko.

My past is sometimes thought about by me.


-in

tl-adj

-in (adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

lagnat (“fever”) + -in → lagnatin (“prone to fever”)

sakit (“illness”) + -in → sakitin (“prone to illness”)


-in

tl-noun

-in (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔)

awit (“singing, song”) + -in → awitin (“song”)

aral (“lesson, studying”) + -in → aralin (“studies”)

an object of the action expressed by the root

Quezon (“province”) + -in → Quezonin (“a native of Quezon”)

Sampaloc (“municipality”) + -in → Sampalukin (“a native of Sampaloc, Quezon”)

bayan (“town center or poblacion”) + -in → bayanin (“a local from the town center”)

linang (“farm or remote area”) + -in → linangin (“a local from the farm”)

(dialectal, Quezon) nature and origin suffix


-i

tl-verb

-i (verb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒ)

tlb

(now dialectal, Batangas, Quezon, Marinduque)

Buksi yung pinto!

imperative suffix, usually equivalent to -in /-an mo in Standard Tagalog and other dialects


-ista

tl-noun

-ista (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish -ista, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

basketbol (“basketball”) + -ista → basketbolista (“basketball player”)

indicates one who practices a profession of the noun stem

seguro (“certainty”) + -ista → segurista (“cautious person; perfectionist”)

indicates one who follows certain principles or values


-ana

-ana (noun-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ)

probinsiya (“province”) + -ana → probinsiyana (“female provincial”)

Korea (“Korea”) + -ana → Koreana (“female Korean”)

Amerika (“America”) + -ana → Amerikana (“female American”)

Italya (“Italy”) + -ana → Italyana (“female Italian”)

Cebu (“Cebu”) + -ana → Cebuana (“female person from Cebu”)

Bikol (“Bicol”) + -ana → Bikolana (“female person from Bikol region”)

Ilokos (“Ilocos”) + -ana → Ilokana (“female person from Ilocos region”)


-ita

-ita (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜆ)


-ito

-ito (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, feminine -ita, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜆᜓ)

used to form diminutives of nouns (in specific words)


-han

tl-verb

-han (verb-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, adverb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜈ᜔)


-ado

tl-adj

-ado (adjective-forming suffix, adverb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜇᜓ)

kabesa (“to memorize”) + -ado → kabesado (“memorized, knows the drill”)

siguro (“to secure, to make sure”) + -ado → sigurado (“certain, definitely, for sure”)

bara (“for something to be clogged”) + -ado → barado (“clogged (e.g. sink, toilet, etc.)”)

taranta (“to panic, to be overwhelmed, to get flustered”) + -ado → tarantado (“crazy, insane, manic, asshole”)

amin (“to admit to something, to tell the truth, to confess”) + -ado → aminado (“admitted towards something, not denying a statement”)


-ismo

tl-noun

-ismo (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish -ismo, from Latin -ismus, from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós).


-ero

-ero (noun-forming suffix, feminine -era, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇᜓ)

babae (“woman”) + -ero → babaero (“womanizer”)

gitara (“guitar”) + -ero → gitarero (“guitarist”)

musika (“music”) + -ero → musikero (“musician”)

sabong (“cockfight”) + -ero → sabongero (“cockfighter”)

salamangka (“magic”) + -ero → salamangkero (“magician”)

tambol (“drum”) + -ero → tambolero (“drummer”)

tinda (“goods for sale”) + -ero → tindero (“vendor”)

tubo (“pipe”) + -ero → tubero (“plumber”)

forms occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


-ano

-ano (noun-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈᜓ)

probinsiya (“province”) + -ano → probinsiyano (“provincial”)

Korea (“Korea”) + -ano → Koreano (“Korean”)

Amerika (“America”) + -ano → Amerikano (“American”)

Italya (“Italy”) + -ano → Italyano (“Italian”)

Mehiko (“Mexico”) + -ano → Mehikano (“Mexican”)

Cebu (“Cebu”) + -ano → Cebuano (“person from Cebu”)

Bohol (“Bohol”) + -ano → Boholano (“person from Bohol”)

Bikol (“Bicol”) + -ano → Bikolano (“person from Bikol region”)

Iloko (“Ilocos language”) + -ano → Ilokano (“person from Ilocos region”)

Demonym suffix, forms nouns and adjectives indicating or describing that one comes from, belongs to, is related to, or is like those from what the root specifies


-ng

tl-proper noun

-ng (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜅ᜔)

Pepeng

Isang

Diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives of given names ending in vowels, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.


-era

tl-noun

-era (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇ)

basura (“trash”) + -era → basurera (“female garbage collector”)

tinda (“goods for sale”) + -era → tindera (“female vendor”)

inggit (“envy”) + -era → inggitera (“female envious person”)

pakialam (“concern”) + -era → pakialamera (“female meddler”)

female equivalent of -ero: forms female occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


-hin

tl-verb

-hin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

intindi (“to understand”) + -hin → intindihin (“(transitive) understand”)

basa (“to read”) + -hin → babasahin (“reading material”)

pang-una (“the first”) + -hin → pangunahin (“primary”)

Lucena (“city”) + -hin → Lucenahin (“a native of Lucena, Quezon”)

Infanta (“municipality”) + -hin → Infantahin (“a native of Infanta, Quezon”)

Aurora (“municipality of San Francisco”) + -hin → Aurorahin (“a native of San Francisco (Aurora), Quezon”)

ilaya (“upper part”) + -hin → ilayahin (“a native or local from northern or upper part of a town or community”)


-nin

-nin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

talo (“defeat”) + -nin → talunin (“(transitive) to defeat”)

kuha (“take”) + -nin → kunin (“(transitive) to get”)


-ay

tl-noun

-ay (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜌ᜔)

female equivalent of -oy: used to form diminutive forms of feminine nouns and female given names


-nan

tl-verb

-nan (verb-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, adverb-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜈ᜔)

talo (“defeat”) + -nan → talunan (“loser”)

tawa (“laugh”) + -nan → tawanan (“laughter; to laugh”)

sapupo (“the act of sitting on the lap”) + -nan → sinapupunan (“lap”)

kuha (“take”) + -nan → kunan (“to take a picture or video”)


-oy

tl-noun

-oy (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, feminine -ay, Baybayin spelling ᜓᜌ᜔)

used to form diminutive forms of masculine nouns and male given names


-syon

-syon (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

alternative form of -asyon (used after vowels): -tion


-ilyo

-ilyo (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish -illo, Old Spanish -iello, from Latin -ellus, an extension of -lus.

suffix used to form masculine diminutive nouns


-siyon

-siyón (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

alternative form of -syon (used after consonants)


-asyon

-asyón (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

-asyón (canonical)
◌ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-siyon (alternative)
-syon (alternative)

Used in forming a noun to represent a property corresponding to a verb, usually Spanish-derived. Also used to replace English -ation in words adapted directly to Tagalog upon borrowing: -ation


-erya

-erya (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ)


-eriya

-eriya (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇᜒᜌ)

barbero (“barber”) + -eriya → barberya (“barber shop”)

panadero (“baker”) + -eriya → panaderya (“bakery”)

inhenyero (“engineer”) + -eriya → inhenyeriya (“engineering”)

pansit (“noodles”) + -eriya → pansiterya (“noodle shop”)

groser (“grocer”) + -eriya → groseriya (“grocery”)

abasero (“grocer”) + -eriya → abaseriya (“grocery”)

forms nouns that indicate work, business, condition, place, establishment, product, action, etc.


-nayan

-nayan (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜌᜈ᜔)

buhay (“life”) + -nayan → haynayan (“biology”)

sangkap (“essence”) + -nayan → kapnayan (“chemistry”)


ᜈᜒᜈ᜔

tl-verb

ᜈᜒᜈ᜔ • (nin) (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix)