binti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bintiq (“calf-kicking contest”). Compare Isnag bitti (“smallest part of leg”), Maranao binti' (“kick; game”), Tausug binti' (“knee-bending game”), and Malay benteh (“kicking with calf-bone”).

inh

part of the leg between the knee and the ankle


harang

Borrowed from Malay hadang. Compare hadlang.

act of preventing passage (of someone or something)

interception on the way to prevent passage (of someone or something)


boso

Borrowed from Spanish buzo (“diver”), from Portuguese búzio (“snail”), from Latin būcinum (“curved war trumpet”).


guya

Borrowed from Hokkien 牛仔 (gû-iá, “young calf”), with an obsolete form of the suffix. Compare kuya.

bor+

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


sigla

Borrowed from Sanskrit शीघ्र (śīghra, “swift; quick; speedy”). Compare Kapampangan sigla, Tausug sigla', and Malay segera.


itlog

itlóg (canonical)
ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
iklog (alternative uncommon)

→ Alangan: itlog

[ʔɪt̪ˈl̪oɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ (compare Aklanon itlog, Cebuano itlog, Ilocano itlog, Kambera tilo, Malagasy atody, Malay telur, Pangutaran Sama iklug, Tausug iklug, Tetum tolun), from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ (compare Kanakanabu 'iciuru, Kavalan tiRuR and Paiwan qecilu).

Gusto kong bumili ng itlog.

O, ano, gusto mo palang basagin ko ang itlog mo!?

You want me to break your balls, don't you!?

Kuya, puwedeng pahawak ng itlog mo? Nagulat akong bigla sa sinabi niya. Bakit mo hahawakan? Kasi parang sarap himasin, parang masarap tikman at mukhang mabango. What the fuck? Ok lang kaya ito.
Bro, can I touch your balls? I'm shocked by what he said. Why will you touch it? Because I think it feels good to touch, tastes good, and smells good. What the fuck? This is OK, you know?

Mapapahagikhik ito sabay nahihiyang tingin sa pangkat ng mga batang ang sabi ng suot na uniporme'y Cecilio Apostol High School. "Huwag kang malikot," anang Announcer sa bata. "Baka 'yang itlog mo ang gawin kong sisiw."

1987, Tulay: Literary Journal of the World News:

(anatomy, euphemistic, colloquial, sometimes vulgar) testicles

(colloquial) score of zero (on an examination, game, etc.)


almasiga

tl-noun

almásigá or almasiga (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜐᜒᜄ)

almásigá (canonical)
almasiga (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜐᜒᜄ (Baybayin)

almaciga; Agathis philippensis (tree and resin derived from it)


anislag

[ʔɐˈn̪is.lɐɡ̚]

Flueggea flexuosa, a tree endemic to the Philippines


balintawak

balintawák (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜏᜃ᜔)

balintawák (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜏᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blust (2010–) posits that it may be a borrowing, although the dress style in question apparently was a Spanish introduction, the name is native and may have once had other referents (cf. *balintawafk ^([sic]) 'plant sp.). Compare Kapampangan balintauak (“Doryxylon spinosum”).

ncog

balintawak (style of Filipina native dress, with a large kerchief folded over one shoulder)


aguho

tl-noun

aguhò or aguhô (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄᜓᜑᜓ)

aguhò (canonical)
aguhô (canonical)
ᜀᜄᜓᜑᜓ (Baybayin)
agoho (alternative)

[ʔɐˈɣuː.hoʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)aʀuhu. Compare Ilocano aroo /agoo, Hanunoo agoo, Bikol Central aguho, Cebuano aguho, Hiligaynon agaho, and Malay eru.

Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina equisetifolia#Translingual


anubing

ᜀᜈᜓᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
anobing (alternative)
anobling (alternative)
anobiing (alternative)
anobiyng (alternative)
anubling (alternative)
anubiing (alternative)

[ʔɐˈn̪uː.bɪŋ]

[ʔɐ.n̪ʊˈbɪŋ]

Artocarpus lacucha
Wikispecies:Artocarpus lacucha


banaba

From Proto-Philippine *banabá. Cognate with Cebuano banaba.


kapre

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish cafre, from Portuguese cafre, from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “unbeliever”), originally referring to the East African slaves brought by the Portuguese and sold in Manila as "Cafres". See also English kaffir, English Kaffraria.

ogre or giant believed to smoke cigars and live in old trees, especially balete (banyan) trees


punda

Borrowed from Spanish funda (“wrapping”).


asal

Borrowed from Sanskrit आचार (ācāra, “conduct; custom; practice”). Compare Malay cara.

(obsolete) skill that one has in something that he does


asal

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish asar (“roast”), from Latin assāre. Possible doublet of asar.

(dialectal, Quezon) roasting of fish using a spit or skewer


salo

From Proto-Central Philippine *salú (“catch in hand”). Compare Bikol Central salo, Cebuano salo, and Hiligaynon salo.

catching with one's hand (of a ball, etc.)

supporting from under an object (especially with one's hand)


salo

From Proto-Central Philippine *sálu (“to eat together”). Compare Kapampangan salu, Bikol Central salo, Aklanon saeo, Cebuano salo, Hiligaynon salo, Waray-Waray saro, and Tausug sāw.

eating with another or together (especially on the same plate)


salo

mechanical catch (in necklaces, bracelets, etc.)


tapi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapiq (“apron; skirt”). Compare Cebuano tapi, Maranao tampi, and Malay tapih. Doublet of tapis.

inh

any piece of cloth used by women to cover or protect the body (while bathing, working, washing, etc.)


adik

[ˈʔaː.d̪ɪk̚]

Borrowed from English addict, from Latin addictus, past participle of addīcō (“deliver; devote; surrender”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + dīcō (“say; declare”). Doublet of adikto.


mangga

Borrowed from Malay mangga, from a Dravidian source, possibly Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa), Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), or Telugu మామిడికాయ (māmiḍikāya).

cog

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)


puto

Borrowed from Malay putu as in Malay kuih putu (“Kue putu”), from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “a Tamil dish”). Compare Indonesian putu as in Indonesian kue putu (“Kue putu”).

(colloquial) piece of cake (simple or easy job)


upa

Likely a borrowing from Malay upah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *upaq (“compensation, reward”).


tabla

Borrowed from Spanish tabla, from Latin tabula. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Spanish tablas as found in en tablas and quedar tablas. Doublet of teybol.


tabla

tabla (canonical)
tablá (canonical)
ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


nami

namî (canonical)
ᜈᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
lami (alternative)

Dioscorea hispida
Wikispecies:Dioscorea hispida

Indian three-leaved yam (Dioscorea hispida, a species of plant bearing fleshy rootstocks which are edible if properly treated and poisonous if not)


tina

[ˈt̪iː.n̪ɐʔ]

Possibly from Spanish tinta or tinte. Compare Tausug tina'. Doublet of tinta.


kono

Borrowed from Spanish cono, from Latin cōnus, from Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos).

large mechanized rice mill (especially cone-type mills)


kulo

act of boiling or seething (of water, liquid, etc.)

bubbling sound from boiling water or liquid


kulo

According to Potet (2016), borrowed from Spanish culo (“butt; arse”).


kulo

empty coconut shell used as a plate or dish


kuko

kukó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
coco (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kukuh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kukuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.


kuko

kukò (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
coco (alternative)

engraving for inlay; inlaid work or mosaic


hati

dividing line between two things or parts


hati

condition of being divided into two parts


hati

Borrowed from Tausug hati', variant of jati', from Malay jati, from Sanskrit जाति (jāti). Compare Cebuano yati, Hiligaynon kalayati, and Javanese ꦗꦠꦶ (jati). Doublet of ari, dati, Henesis, and yari.


kulit

tl-noun

kulít or kulit (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔)

kulít (canonical)
kulit (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)

persistence; insistence; obstinancy; stubbornness


kulit

ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit (“skin; hide; rind; bark”), from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC (“rind, peeling of fruits or tubers”). Compare Maranao kolit and Malay kulit.


kulit

Morinda citrifolia
Morinda citrifolia#Translingual

Indian mulberry; noni (Morinda citrifolia, tree whose bark yields a dye)


kulit

kulít (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)


bini

See also Bikol Central bini, Malay bini, and Brunei Malay bini.


tangan

[ˈt̪aː.ŋɐn̪]

Borrowed from Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan.

(figurative) possession; ownership (of power, responsibility, etc.)


ulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu (cf. Cebuano ulo, Chamorro ulu, Ilocano ulo, Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦸ (ulu), Malay hulu (“head, handle”), Maori uru (“head, hair”), Tausug ū, Tetum uluk (“formerly, before”), Tiruray ulew), from Proto-Austronesian *quluh (cf. Paiwan qulu). Doublet of hulo.

(anatomy) head (part of the body containing the brain)

(figurative) brains; talent; intelligence

Gamitin mo nga ang ulo mo!

chief; boss; head (of a group, office, etc.)

head; unit number (used in counting herd)

principal part; either of the two ends (of a table)

front or principal part or position; head (of a column, squad, etc.)

Sinumang makahahanap sa ulo ng kriminal ay tatanggap ng ₱2,000.

Whoever finds the criminal's body will receive ₱2,000.

dead or living body (of a wanted criminal)

part of a plant that resembles a head (of cabbages, and other vegetables and the like)

head or top used for striking other objects (of a hammer, axe, etc.)

head or top for striking, holding, or pushing (of a pin, nail, etc.)

projecting part of an object (of an arrow, egg, etc.)

head of a boil, abscess, acne, etc. (where pus accumulates)

sa ulo ng mga nagbabagang balita

highest distinction of honor (as in a class)

Siya ang ulo ng yaman sa aming bayan.

used with ng to express the superlative degree: most; best; -est

(board games) main hole of a congkak board


pandan

pandán (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
padan (alternative)
pangdan (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *paŋdan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋədan, from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

any plant of the genus Pandanus of screw pines


kalo

Compare Javanese ꦏꦼꦭꦸꦃ (keluh, “bridle with nosering for cattle”).


tasik

From Proto-Philippine *tasik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tasik.

saltwater filtered through sand in the process of saltmaking


tambang

people lying in wait (for the enemy or wild game)


tambang

wooden, bamboo, or metal peg in the ground to which a gamecock is tied

net trap or snare (for catching wild game or a person)


tangis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *taŋis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋis, from Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis. Compare Amis tangic, Chamorro tanges, Fijian tagi, Hawaiian kani (“sound”), Ilocano sangit, Javanese ꦠꦔꦶꦱ꧀ (tangis), Malay tangis, and Maori tangi (“weeping; mourning”).


kasi

Borrowed from Malay kasih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”).


laba

Borrowed from Spanish lava or English lava.


laba

Borrowed from Malay laba, from Sanskrit लाभ (lābha, “profit”).


laba

crescent shape (especially the waxing of the moon)


langit

[ˈlaː.ŋɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC. Compare Chamorro långet, Fijian lagi, Hawaiian lani, Malagasy lanitra, Maori rangi, Palauan eanged, and Puyuma langitr.

bato-bato sa langit, ang tamaan huwag magalit

(figurative) paradise; place of great happiness


lisan

Syncopic form of lihisan, from lihis + -an.

departure; leaving (for a journey, trip, etc.)


utas

completion; termination (of a project, work, undertaking, etc.)

act of killing or causing the death of (someone)


mula

mulâ (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
mola (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मूल (mūla, “root; origin”).


mula

Borrowed from Spanish mula, from Latin mūla.

mule (sterile hybrid of donkey and horse)


mula

Borrowed from Spanish mula, from Medieval Latin mula (“slipper, shoe with a thick sole”), presumably from classical Latin mulleus, the dyed shoe of either the patricians or senators, from Ancient Greek μύλλος (múllos).


naga

Ultimately from Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “large snake”). Compare Kapampangan naga, Maranao naga, and Malay naga.


naga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *naʀah. Doublet of nara.


giling

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *giliŋ. Compare Aklanon galing, Bikol Central giling, Hiligaynon galing, Ilocano giling, and Tausug giling.

(colloquial) swaying of the hips around (especially when dancing)


sakit

sakít (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
saket (alternative colloquial)
sacqit (alternative)
saquit (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit. Compare Karao sahit, Tongan mahaki, and Yogad takit.


sakit

ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sacqit (alternative)
saquit (alternative)

diligence; perseverance; consistent effort


papan

Anas luzonica
Anas luzonica#Translingual


ganda

gandá (canonical)
ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
ganra (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandhá, “aroma, fragrance”) with semantic shift, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

bor+

fineness; excellence; fine quality (of someone's work, etc.)


ganda

Probably from Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “garlic; bulbous plant”). Compare Cebuano ganda.


ganda

annual interest of a hundred percent on a loan


sena

Borrowed from Spanish cena, from Latin cēna, from Old Latin cesna.


pinggan

pinggán (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pingan (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay pinggan (“dish; plate; saucer”), from Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”), from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”). Compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”) and Arabic فِنْجَان (finjān, “cup”).


bigat

bigát (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
big-at (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bəʀəqat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat. Cognate with Kapampangan bayat, Remontado Agta ba-yat, Cebuano bug-at, Hiligaynon bug-at, Indonesian and Malay berat.

Ang bigat ni Anna ay 75 lbs.

Ang bigat ng kanyang pagkalugi ay nagbigay sa negosyante ng maraming gabing walang tulog.

The gravity of his bankruptcy gave the businessman many sleepless nights.

(figurative) graveness; gravity of a situation


bigay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay (“give, present gifts to; gift”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay (“give”). Cognate with Sambali ibi, Kapampangan bie, Bikol Central bugay, Aklanon bugay, Cebuano bugay, Hiligaynon bugay, Maranao begay, Iranun enggay, Maguindanao ingay, Tboli belay, Malay beri, and Puyuma beray.


timog

From Proto-Philippine *timuʀ (“southeast monsoon”) (compare Cebuano timog (“southeasterly wind”), Cuyunon timog, Ivatan timoy (“rain”), Masbatenyo timog (“north”), and Yami cimoy (“rain”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timuʀ (“southeast monsoon”) (compare Maranao timor (“wind”), Tausug timul (“northeast”), Acehnese timu (“east”), Hawaiian kimu (“precipitation”), Malay timur (“east”), and Samoan timu (“rain”)), from Proto-Austronesian *timuʀ (“south or east wind”) (compare Amis timol).

Patungong timog ang mga manlalakbay.

The travellers are going towards the south.


bigas

From Proto-Philippine *bəʀas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas. Cognates with Kavalan beRas, Kankanaey begas, Cebuano bugas, Malay beras, Javanese ꦮꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (wos), and Tetum fos.


bibig

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bibiʀ (“lower lip”), from Proto-Austronesian *biʀbiʀ. Cognate with Buol biig, Malay bibir, and Wolio biwi.


kagat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀat (“to bite”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaʀaC (“to bite”). Compare Pangasinan kalat, Kapampangan ket, Bikol Central kagat, Cebuano kagat, and Karo Batak karat.


inom

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum. Compare Bikol Central inom, Cebuano inom, Hawaiian inu, Kapampangan inum, Maguindanao minum, Malagasy mino, Malay minum, Maori inu, Tausug inum, Yami inom.

drinking; drink (of water, liquid, wine, etc.)


baboy

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Kapampangan babi, Amis fafoy, Eastern Bontoc fiafoy, Malay babi, and Acehnese bui.

(figurative, offensive) disgusting or filthy person

(figurative, offensive) vulgar or indecent person


bago

desc

→ Philippine Spanish: vago, bago (“newcomer”)

From Proto-Central Philippine *baqgu, from Proto-Philippine *baqʀu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh. Compare Ilocano baro, Kapampangan bayu, Cebuano bag-o, Tausug ba'gu, and Malay baru.


bato

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu. Compare Bikol Central bato, Capiznon bato, Cebuano bato, Fijian vatu, Hawaiian haku, Hiligaynon bato, Ilocano bato, Indonesian batu, Kapampangan batu, Malagasy vato, Malay batu, Maori whatu, Niuean patu, Pangasinan bato, Ratagnon bato, Sundanese batu, and Waray-Waray bato.

(games) rock (closed hand in rock paper scissors)


bato

chief piece in a game of native quoits called tangga


sinag

[ˈsiː.n̪ɐɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ (“ray of light”) (cf. Fijian siga (“sun”), Malay sinar, Nias sino, Samoan masina (“moon”), and Tausug sinag (“brightness”)), from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ (“sun”) (compare Amis cidal (“sun”) and Sakizaya cilal (“sun”)).

inh

ray of light (from the sun, moon, stars, etc.)

representation of rays (in a drawing, painting, etc.)


sinag

[ˈsiː.n̪ɐɡ̚]

looking at something through a translucent object (often with difficulty)

condition of being seen hazily (through a translucent object)


siko

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku (compare Bikol Central siko, Cebuano siko, Hiligaynon siko, Ilocano siko, Malay siku, Sambali hiko, Tausug siku, Urak Lawoi' ซีกู (siku), and Waray-Waray siko), from Proto-Austronesian *sikux (compare Amis ciko, Kavalan siku, Puyuma siku, and Saisiyat hiko').


siko

sikó (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
sico (alternative)


siko

Borrowed from Hokkien 四哥 (sì-ko) as per Manuel (1948).

Coordinate term: sitse

term of address for the fourth eldest brother


pusa

Compare Isnag kusa, Kankanaey posa, Kapampangan pusa, Ilocano pusa, Ibatan pusak, Tetum busa, Sarawak Malay pusak and Malagasy fosa; all likely once referred to the Malayan weasel (Mustela nudipes). False cognate of Malayalam പൂച്ച (pūcca).


puti

putî (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
Puti (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putiq. Compare Malay putih.


migmig

From the syllable mig on English immigration.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk. Compare Bikol Central manok, Cebuano manok, Hawaiian manu (“bird”), Kapingamarangi manuk (“bird”), Malay manuk, Samoan manu (“bird”), and Tetum manu.
Colloquial sense is an allusion to betting on a gamecock on a cockfight.

(colloquial) bet; preferred candidate (usually in matchmaking or elections)


layag

From Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ. Compare Aklanon eayag, Bikol Central layag, Cebuano layag, Chamorro låyak, Fijian laca, Hawaiian lā, Malagasy lay, Malay layar, Maori rā, Nias loyo, Sundanese layar, Tahitian rā, Tetum laan, and Urak Lawoi' บลาเยอ (blaye).
The fandom sense is a calque of English sail, from a fandom phrase “the ship is sailing”. The word ship does not mean boat but a wordplay from ship (short for relationship) to mean that the relationship is in motion and is moving forward. See also English that ship has sailed.

gl

short for <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">relationship</i>

(colloquial) delayed menstruation; irregular menstruation


itim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm. Compare Acehnese itam, Bikol Central itom, Brunei Malay itam, Cebuano itom, Coastal Kadazan oitom, Hiligaynon itom, Javanese ꦲꦶꦠꦼꦩ꧀ (item), Malay hitam, Minangkabau hitam, Pangasinan itom, Tetum metan, Waray-Waray itom, West Coast Bajau irom, and Yami sirem. Doublet of hitam.


ibig

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibəʀ (“saliva in the mouth; drool; desire; crave; lust for”). Cognates with Pangasinan ibeg (“covet, desire, fall in love with”), Kapampangan ibug (“corporal desires; appetite, crave, lust, fall in love with”), Hanunoo ibog (“liking; desire; wish; love”), Cebuano ibog (“attracted, craving for”), Tboli iwol (“saliva, drool over, desire”), Tausug ibug (“envy”), Malagasy ivy (“saliva”), and Tongan ifo (“saliva, tasty”).

cog

Ang ibig ko lang sa pagparito ay magdala ng pagkain.

My only purpose of coming here is to bring food.


agos

From Proto-Philippine *qaʀus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀus. Compare Malay arus.


tubig

→ Alangan: tubig

[ˈt̪uː.bɪɡ̚]

[ˈt̪uː.bɛɡ̚]

From Proto-Central Philippine *tubig, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *tubig (cf. Asi tubi, Buhi'non Bikol tobig, Capiznon tubi, Ilocano tubbog, and Mansaka tobig). Dempwolff (1938) posited it to be from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubiʀ (“deep place in the water”) (cf. Malay tubir (“ledge, steep riverbank, cliff”)) but the meaning in Central Philippine languages is consistently “water” or “juice”, and no forms have been found to bridge the semantic gap with the Malay term, making the etymology unlikely.


lango

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋu, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋu (“dizzy, drunk”).


langaw

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *laŋaw (compare Kapampangan lango), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw (compare Fijian lago, Hawaiian nalo, Indonesian langau, Maori rango), from Proto-Austronesian *laŋaw (compare Amis lalangaw, Kavalan rangaw).


araw

ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
arao (alternative)
arau (alternative)

From earlier *ʔādaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Cognate with Ilocano aldaw (“day”), Pangasinan agew, Kapampangan aldo, Bikol Central aldaw (“day”), Cebuano adlaw (“sun, day”), Maranao ndaw (“sun”), Chamorro åtdao (“sun”), Malagasy andro (“day”), Manggarai leso (“sun, day”), Tetum loro, Hawaiian ao (“daylight, day”), Maori ao (“daytime”). Doublet of adlaw.

Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw

daytime (the part of the day between sunrise and sunset)

Araw mo na para magbago.


baro

Borrowed from Malay baju (cf. Ilocano bado, Remontado Agta badu), ultimately from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


matay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay (“die; dead; sick; tired (of)”), from Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon”), from Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”). Compare Ilocano matay, Kapampangan mate, Bikol Central matay, Cebuano matay, Maranao matay, and Malay mati.


kuto

ᜃᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
coto (alternative)
cuto (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCux. Compare Malay kutu.


kuto

kutô (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
coto (alternative)
cuto (alternative)

sound of bursting bubbles (as created by the stomach or rice being cooked)

swarm; crowd; throng; swarming; crowding

sound produced by the swarming of many tiny insects together

teeming or swarming movements (of small ants, worms, etc.)


ina

iná (canonical)
ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)
yna (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina (compare Buginese ina, Fijian tina, Ibanag yena, Laboya inya, Malay ina, Maranao ina', Nias ina, Tausug ina', Tetum inan, Toba Batak ina, Yami ina), from Proto-Austronesian *ina (compare Amis ina, Kulon-Pazeh ina, and Paiwan ina).


ina

inâ (canonical)
ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)
yna (alternative)


ina

planting of seeds closely for transplantation upon sprouting (with the proper growth)


Pilipino

tl-noun

Pilipino (feminine Pilipina, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜉᜒᜈᜓ)

a Filipino; a citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines and those descending from such, especially a male


Pinoy

Pinóy (feminine Pinay, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜓᜌ᜔)

Pinóy (canonical)
Pinay (feminine)
ᜉᜒᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From clipping of Pilipino (“Filipino”) + -oy (“diminutive suffix”). Supposedly popularized by the Florante song “Ako'y isang Pinoy” ("I am a Pinoy"), which became popular in Filipino culture to denote one's country of origin and background.
This term was first used and popularized by Filipino immigrants to the United States and subsequent returnees to the Philippines before it came into general mainstream use.

suffix

(informal) a Filipino; a citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines and those descending from such, especially a male


Noypi

Backslang formed from the syllables of Pinoy.


gamol

The word exists even in old dictionaries (cf. amol). The word was popularized by Filipino rapper Andrew E., who came out with the song Wag Kang Gamol in the year 1990.

(figurative, colloquial) ill-mannered person; indecent person; jerk


dila

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dilaq. Compare Ibanag zila, Ilocano dila, Kiput deleiʔ, Malay lidah, and Tsat la⁵⁵. Also possibly from a metathesis of Sanskrit लीढ (līḍha, “licked”).


holen

ᜑᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
jolen (alternative)
diyolen (alternative)
dyolen (alternative)
holens (alternative)

From English hole in. Compare Tausug hūlin.

(games) marble (small ball used in games)


lubang

From Proto-Philippine *lubaŋ (“to plant root crop; mortar”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lubaŋ (“hole”) (compare Hawaiian lua), from Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”).


kain

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən. Compare Cebuano kaon.

action of a machine (such as a saw, plow, or knife) on a surface

taking in something fed to be processed (of a machine)

(board games) capture of a piece of an opponent (in chess or checkers)

(figurative, colloquial) expiration of unused prepaid phone credits


buli

From Proto-Philippine *buli. Cognate with Hiligaynon buli.

polish; polishing; cleaning until shiny (done on a surface)

(figurative) removal of vulgarity from something


dali

From Southern Proto-Philippine *daliq (“short time; easy”). Compare Bikol Central dali, Cebuano dali, Waray-Waray dali, and Calamian Tagbanwa dalik.

shortness of duration (of a visit, etc.)


dali

measure based on the breadth of a finger


albur

Borrowed from Spanish albur, from Andalusian Arabic البوري (al-búri), from Arabic بُورِيّ (būriyy, “mullet”), said to come from Coptic ⲫⲟⲣⲓ (phori, “Mugil cephalus”), from Egyptian br.


ulat

[ˈʔuː.lɐt̪̚]

account; report; narrative (about something)

news; information (as in a newspaper, news report, etc.)


liha

Borrowed from Spanish lija (“sandpaper”).

bor+

usage of a sandpaper (to clean, to smooth, or to polish)


liha

Borrowed from Sanskrit लेखा (lékhā, “line; stroke; writing”). Doublet of likha.

internal segment of a citrus fruit (such as oranges, lemons, etc.)

region bounded by specific lines on one's palm

(mathematics, neologism) sector (of a circle)


lisa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lisəhaq, from Proto-Austronesian *lisəqəS. Compare Aklanon eusa', Bikol Central lusa, Cebuano lusa, Fijian lise, Hawaiian liha, Ilocano lisa, Maori riha, Sundanese lisa, and Yami liha. See also Sanskrit लिक्षा (likṣā, “louse nit”).

(figurative) careful and thorough searching (in a place of something missing)


lasa

Borrowed from Malay rasa (compare Bikol Central lasa), from Sanskrit रस (rasa). Compare Balinese ᬭᬲ (rasa), Javanese ꦫꦱ (rasa), Khmer រស (rŭəh), and Burmese ရသ (ra.sa.).

Masarap ang lasa ng lugaw.

Pwede na ba sa lasa mo ang ginawa ko?

Masama ang lasa ng guro kaya umuwi na.

The teacher's condition isn't well so [he/she] went home already.

(Batangas) condition; feeling; state of the body

Lasa ko'y pagod ka na.


lasa

silvering compound used to manufacture mirrors


tempura

Borrowed from traditional Hepburn romaji of Japanese 天麩羅(てんぷら) (tenpura), from Portuguese, from Latin.


aga

From Proto-Philippine *ága (“early; punctual”).


teatro

ᜆᜒᜌᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
tiyatro (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish teatro, from Latin theātrum, from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron).

theater (place to watch plays, musical performances, public ceremonies, etc.)


kolor

kolór (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kulor (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish color, from Latin colōrem.


peon

peón (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
piyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish peón, from Late Latin pedōnem (“pedestrian”), from Latin ped- (“foot”).


aldaba

Borrowed from Spanish aldaba, from a regional variant of Arabic الضبَّة (aḍ-ḍabba, “window-bolt”, literally “lizard”).

der

act of fastening or closing with a latch (of a door, window, etc.)


tahi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahiq, from Proto-Austronesian *CaqiS (“to sew”). Cognate with Kavalan tais, tmais, Paiwan tsaqis.


asar

Borrowed from Spanish, possibly from any of the following:
* From asar (“to roast”). Possible doublet of asal.
* From azar (“misfortune; obstacle”).


basura

Borrowed from Spanish basura (“garbage”), from Old Spanish vassura, from Vulgar Latin *versūra, ultimately derived from Latin verrō (“sweep”).

bor+

(figurative) something useless; worthless; not needed; or of poor quality


aparato

Borrowed from Spanish aparato, from Latin apparātus.


zi

Borrowed from English zee, the English name of the letter Z /z.

the name of the Latin-script letter Z/z, in the Filipino alphabet


limos

Borrowed from Spanish limosna, but the final syllable ⟨na⟩ lost as it possibly got reinterpreted as na. Compare Bikol Central limos and Masbatenyo limos.


Danes

tl-noun

Danés (feminine Danesa, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

Danés (canonical)
Danesa (feminine)
ᜇᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


sige

sige (canonical)
sigé (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
cge (alternative Internet)
ge (alternative clipping)

Borrowed from Spanish sigue, from seguir.


peste

Borrower from Spanish peste, from Latin pestis.

pest; vermin (destructive insect or small animal)

(vulgar) pest; vermin (obnoxious person)


lingon

lingón (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ling̃on (alternative)


kapak

(zoology) immature mullet (smaller than talilong)

(construction) plaster defect not bonding with the wall


aspirina

[ʔɐs.pɪˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aspirina, from the genericized trademark of German Aspirin. Doublet of aspirin.


puna

puná (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈ (Baybayin)
pona (alternative)


himo

influence; effect (on someone or something)


lapa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaq, from Proto-Austronesian *lapaq (“to cut up, butcher, slaughter an animal”). Compare Bikol Central lapa, Cebuano lapa, Malay lapah, Mansaka lapa, Minangkabau lapah, and Western Bukidnon Manobo lapa'.

inh

butchering; slaughtering; quartering (of animals)

cutting of meat into big lumps or pieces


mura

mura (canonical)
murá (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
mora (alternative)

Clipping of alimura or possibly similar to etymology 1, with the sense of degrading someone's worth. Compare mahal (“precious; high value; love”), Bikol Central muda (“swear word”), Hiligaynon mulay (“to criticize maliciously; to disparage”).


mura

murà (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
mora (alternative)

Cognate of Malay muda. Either from:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muda (“young (of fruits); immature; light (of colors)”)
* From Pali muddha (“foolish, bewildered”), from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “foolish, bewildered, young”).

der

(dialectal, Southern Tagalog) (young fruit of) coconut

young (particularly of fruit, or human age)


sapo

act of supporting or carrying by the palm of the hands

temporary undersupport (to prevent from collapsing)


sapo

banana tree stump (after being cut down)

overflowing of water on the road or field


sapo

red ochre used in polishing gold surfaces


sapo

small cobweb usually found on low grasses with clinging drops of dew (especially in the early morning)


mam

Borrowed from English ma'am, is a contraction of madam.


lambing

show of affection, tenderness, or fondness towards someone (through an embrace, caress, kiss, etc.)

tenderness; melodiousness; sweetness (of a tune or air)

characteristic attitude of a child wanting to be shown affection


lambing

See also Malay lambing (“pricked up (of the ears)”) and Indonesian (Benuaq) lambing (“ears with long lobes because they are usually worn as ear ornaments in rural tribes in East Kalimantan”).

cog

long pierced hanging ear lobes (like those possessed by noblewomen)


bisig

From Proto-Philippine *bisəʀ (“hard; firm”). Compare Pangasinan bisel (“hard; harden”) / biskeg (“strength, power, might, force”), Hanunoo bisog (“strength; speed”), Cebuano bisog (“strenuous”), and Maranao biseg (“work hard; exert great energy”).


wawa

wawà (canonical)
ᜏᜏ (Baybayin)
uaua (alternative)
vava (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *wáqwaq (“mouth of a river”). Compare Kapampangan uaua, Cebuano wawa, Aklanon wawa, Kankanaey wawa, Yami wawa (“sea”).


wawa

meaning; real sense; point (of what one says)


wawa

wawá (canonical)
ᜏᜏ (Baybayin)
uaua (alternative)
vava (alternative)


wawa

wawâ (canonical)
ᜏᜏ (Baybayin)
uaua (alternative)
vava (alternative)

name of the Baybayin letter ᜏ, corresponding to "wa"


panteismo

tl-noun

panteísmo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

panteísmo (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


taping

tapíng (canonical)
ᜆᜉᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
tap-ing (alternative)

thin dirt adhering to one's face (of a child, especially near the mouth)


aya

Borrowed from Spanish aya (“governess”).


ruleta

[ɾʊˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish ruleta, from French roulette.

Iikot na ang ruleta, baka palarin ka! A, taya, taya! Sa beyntsingko, baka kotse ang panalo mo!" sigaw muli ng payat na lalaking nagpapaikot ng ruleta. Nagulat si Joey. Tiningnan niya ang lolang matamang nakaantabay sa susunod na gagawin […]

1991, H. B. De Dios, Romulo P. Baquiran, Impetú: pangalawang antolohiya ng katha, →ISBN:

Tapos gusto yatang makabawi, biglang nagtataya nang malaki-laki. Kaso talbog pa rin nang talbog. Para tuloy hinahalukay ang bituka ko habang umiikot ang ruleta't patalbog-talbog ang puting bola. Habang nalalaspag, para namang lalong […]


saka

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit शाक (śāka, “vegetable; herb”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Malagasy saha (“garden; orchard”).
* Borrowed from Spanish saca (“removal; extraction; dig out”).


saka

saká (canonical)
ᜐᜃ (Baybayin)
saca (alternative)

copying; tracing (of a drawing, figure, or design)


amain

[ʔɐ.mɐˈʔɪn̪]


asno

Borrowed from Spanish asno, from Latin asinus.

Sabihin ninyo sa anak na babae ng Sion: Narito, ang Hari mo'y pumaparito sa iyo, Na maamo, at nakasakay sa isang asno, At sa isang batang asno na anak ng babaing asno.

1905, “Mateo 21:5”, in Ang Dating Biblia:

Tell the daughter of Zion: Look, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a female donkey.


abeto

[ʔɐˈbɛː.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish abeto, from Aragonese abet or Catalan avet, both from Vulgar Latin *abētem, from Latin abietem.


abismo

Borrowed from Spanish abismo, from Old Spanish avismo, from Vulgar Latin *abīsmus, from Late Latin abyssus, from Ancient Greek ἄβυσσος (ábussos, “bottomless”).

der

abyss (a bottomless or unfathomed depth)


sopa

sopá (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
supa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish sofá, from French sofa, from Arabic صُفَّة (ṣuffa).


Hiligaynon

tl-noun

Hiligaynón or Hiligaynon (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜄᜌ᜔ᜈᜓᜈ᜔)

Hiligaynón (canonical)
Hiligaynon (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜄᜌ᜔ᜈᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Hiligaynon Hiligaynon, from Spanish hiligaino + Hiligaynon -non, where Spanish hiligaino is from Hiligaynon Iligan + Spanish -ino, with the root from ilig + -an.

an ethnic group from Iloilo and nearby areas of Panay, Guimaras, and Negros island in Visayas, Philippines


sunna

ᜐᜓᜈ (Baybayin)
suna (alternative)
sunnah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna). Compare Javanese ꦱꦸꦤꦃ (sunah). Doublet of sunat (“circumcision”).


labo

ambiguity; obscurity (of meaning of a word)

lack of understanding; unintelligibility

lack of proper inking or coloring (as in print)

(figurative, obsolete) noisy, disorderly, and jubilant gathering of people


labo

mellowness to the taste; sponginess of consistency (of some fruits, tubers, cereals, etc.)


sita

Borrowed from Spanish cita (“appointment”).

bor+

citation (of honor or merit); public recognition

act of hiring the services of someone, such as a lawyer, band of musicians, etc.


sita

Borrowed from Spanish citar (“to summon”).

act of questioning someone for a possible or suspected violation of an ordinance, law, etc.


samo

supplication; earnest request or petition


anomalia

Superseded, pre-1940 spelling of anomalya.


balo

ᜊᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
bao (alternative)
bauo (alternative)
bawo (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *balu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu. Compare Malay balu.


balo

act of fooling oneself into thinking one over the other


sugo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *suʀuq. Compare Ilocano suro, Maranao sogo', and Malay suruh.

inh+

act of sending someone for an errand (to a place or person)


rito

Borrowed from Spanish rito (“rite”), from Latin rītus.


saro

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jarro. Doublet of haro, a later borrowing.

bor+

jar or jug made of clay or porcelain (especially for water)


wala

Compare Kapampangan uala (“voyage to the sea or deep bay”).

cog

Ang bapor ay halos nasa wala.

The steamboat is almost at the horizon (at the sea).

(dialectal, Quezon) horizon or seeming edge of midsea or midocean

(obsolete) sailing into a gulf or high seas

(figurative, obsolete) condition of being away and apart from others


toma

tomà (canonical)
toma (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜋ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tomar (“to drink; to take”).

bor+

(colloquial) act of drinking an alcoholic beverage


laan

reserving of something (for the future or for someone)

reserve; something kept (for the future or for someone)

condition of being prepared for voluntary service


tibi

From Proto-Central Philippine *təbəl, from Proto-Philippine *təbəl.


relo

reló (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
relos (alternative)
rilos (alternative)
rilo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish reloj (“clock”), from Old Catalan relotge, from the older orollotge, from Latin hōrologium, from Ancient Greek ὡρολόγιον (hōrológion). Doublet of relos.


madla

madlâ (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
marla (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle, multitude”). Compare Kapampangan malda.


nak

Nak, mag-ingat ka.

alternative form of anak: term of address to a child, especially toward one's child


lolo

tl-noun

lolo (feminine lola, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜎᜓ)

Possibly from a reduplication of the last syllable of Spanish abuelo, possibly also influenced by mimicking other likewise reduplicated syllable direct family terms like nana, tata, mama, papa, kaka, nene, etc. Compare lelong, lola, lelang, ninong, ninang, etc. Compare Aragonese lolo.

Masaya ang lola kahapon dahil dumating ang lolo.

Grandmother was happy yesterday because Grandfather came.

(colloquial) term of address for an old man


tita

Borrowed from Spanish tita, from tía (“aunt”) + -ita (diminutive suffix), from Late Latin thia, from Ancient Greek θεία (theía). By surface analysis, tiya + -ita.

(slang) young adult woman exhibiting the stereotypical characteristics of a Filipino aunt


lamba

excessive growth; overgrowth (of hair, weeds, grass, etc.)


aikido

Borrowed from Japanese 合(あい)気(き)道(どう) (aikidō, “aikido”, literally “way of adapting the spirit”), from 合(あい) (ai, “together, unify”) + 気(き) (ki, “spirit; breath”) + 道(どう) (dō, “way”).


nepotismo

tl-noun

nepotismo (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜉᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜈᜒᜉᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


maharani

Learned borrowing from Malay maharani, ultimately from Sanskrit महाराज्ञी (mahārājñī, literally “great queen”).


tira

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tida. Compare Bikol Central tada and Ilocano tidda.

inh+

act of residing, living, or dwelling (in a certain place)

act of setting aside something for someone who is absent

something set aside for someone who is absent


tira

Borrowed from Spanish tirar (“to shoot; to throw”).

bor+

(games) player's turn to play or score (in a move that requires aiming at a target)

act of hitting or striking at a target one is aiming at (with a bullet, rock, arrow, etc.)

(figurative) physical or verbal attack against someone

(by extension, vulgar) to have sexual intercourse


tira

perseverance; ability to endure or outlast adversity


bola

Borrowed from Spanish bola, from Old Occitan bola, from Latin bulla. Doublet of bula.


kati

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gatəl, from Proto-Austronesian *gaCəl. Cognate with Ilocano gatel, Kapampangan gatal, Bikol Central gatol, Waray-Waray katol, Maranao gatel, Malagasy hatina, Malay gatal, and Manggarai katel.


kati

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qati, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCi. Cognate with Ilocano ati (“dry, evaporated”), Pangasinan kati, Bikol Central ati, and Wolio kaati (“shallowness, low tide”).


kati

Borrowed from Malay kati, from Tamil கட்டி (kaṭṭi). Cognate with Ilocano kati and Bikol Central kati.

unit of weight equivalent to 623.70 grams or 20 ounces


kati

clicking sound; tick (of metals, china, eggshells, etc.)

act of testing the durability (of wood, metal, eggshell, etc.) by knocking or striking it lightly (on the surface of the teetth)


kati

From Proto-Philippine *kátiq. Cognate with Ibaloi kati (“rooster trained to lure wild roosters”), Hanunoo kati (“decoy wild cock”), Aklanon kati (“to decoy, entice”), and Maranao kati' (“bantam”).

cog

act of luring with a decoy (of birds, fowl, animals, etc.)


dedal

dedál (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
didal (alternative)
diral (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish dedal, from Old Spanish dedal, from Late Latin digitāle, from Latin digitālis. Doublet of dihital.


taberna

[t̪ɐˈbɛɾ.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish taberna, from Latin taberna.


Ilonggo

Batiano River
Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)
Iloilo River

From Spanish ilongo, from ilong + -o, the root referring to Hiligaynon ilong (“nose”), from the nose-like shape of the land between the Iloilo River and Batiano River where the Spanish Fort San Pedro is located. See also Spanish pampango.

a native or inhabitant of Iloilo or nearby areas of Panay, Guimaras, and Negros island and those tracing ancestry to such areas where Hiligaynon is spoken


kolera

Borrowed from Spanish cólera, from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra), from χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Kung panahon ng kolera, ang mga tao'y naniniwalang may manglalasong gumagala sa gabi upang lagyan ng lason ang inumin; hindi nila nalalamang ang nasabing inumin ay marumi at maraming mikrobiyo ng kolera.

During time of cholera outbreaks, people believe there are people who roam at night to poison water supplies; they do not know the water they drink is contaminated with cholera bacteria.


atag

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɐɡ̚]

act of digging, filling, and leveling (of roads, as in doing repairs, especially through gratuitous community work)


busog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *busuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *busuʀ.


rebelde

[ɾɛˈbɛl.d̪ɛ]


adora

Borrowed from Spanish adorar, from Latin adōrāre.


lila

Borrowed from Spanish lila (“lilac”), from French lilac, from Arabic لِيلَك (līlak), from Persian نیلک (nilak), from نیل (nil, “dark blue”), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭫 (nīl), ultimately from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark blue”). Doublet of anyil and nila.

lila:


lila

(by extension) pieces of clay or stone (used as a temporary stove)


warla

From a blend of English war + wala, as in magwala.


astro

Borrowed from Spanish astro, from Latin astrum, from Ancient Greek ἄστρον (ástron).

sampông mga astro na nasa sa Langit/nagsipangulimlim nagpakitang hapis

1926, Buhay na pinagdaanan ni Santa Elena sa paghahanáp ng̃ Sta. Cruz sa bayan ng̃ Jerusalém, J. Martinez, page 31:

ten stars that are in the Sky/darkened to show their grief


dura

durâ (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
lura (alternative)

From earlier variant lura, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ludaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ludaq. Compare Tausug lura' and Malay ludah.


sawa

sawá (canonical)
ᜐᜏ (Baybayin)
saua (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sawa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawa (cf. Bikol Central sawa, Cebuano sawa, Indonesian sawa, Malay sawa).


sawa

sawà (canonical)
ᜐᜏ (Baybayin)
saua (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sawəqaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawəqaq (“eat too much, bored”) (cf. Cebuano saw-a, Kapampangan sawa).

inh

condition of being fed up or having lost interest

satiety; surfeit; overindulgence in food or drink


laway

From Proto-Philippine *láway. Compare Aklanon eaway; Bikol Central, Cebuano, Tausug and Waray-Waray laway. Compare Sanskrit लाला (lālā, “saliva”).

slimy substance of the outer part of a fish


balang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balalaŋ (“grasshopper; locust”). Compare Malay belalang and Javanese ꦮꦭꦁ (walang).


anis

Borrowed from Spanish anís, from French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson).


dalang

Borrowed from Malay jarang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀaŋ.

infrequency; rarity; scarcity; sparseness (of visits, houses, hair, people, etc.)

slowness; sluggishness (such as one's heartbeat)

condition of being set far apart then usual


kal

Borrowed from Spanish cal, from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix). Doublet of tsok.

(chemistry) lime (inorganic material containing calcium)


kaka

kakâ (canonical)
ᜃᜃ (Baybayin)
caca (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka (“elder sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaka (“elder sibling”). Compare Malay kakak.

Alin ang kaka dito sa dalwa?

(by extension, obsolete) someone older in age (even if not siblings)


kaka

respectful term of address for an uncle or aunt older than one's parent


kaka

name of the Baybayin letter ᜃ, corresponding to "ka"


ylang-ylang

tl-noun

ylang-ylang (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜅ᜔ᜁᜎᜅ᜔)


ilang-ilang

ilang-ilang (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜅ᜔ᜁᜎᜅ᜔)

ᜁᜎᜅ᜔ᜁᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
ylang-ylang (alternative)
ilag̃-ilag̃ (alternative)
ilangilang (alternative)

→ Chamorro: ilangilang

[ˌʔiː.lɐŋ ˈʔiː.lɐŋ]


gilid

ᜄᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
guilid (alternative)
guilir (alternative)
gilir (alternative)

[ˈɡiː.lɪd̪̚]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *gílij. Compare Bikol Central gilid, Cebuano kilid, and Tausug kīd.


hele

act of singing a lullaby (to make a child or infant fall asleep)


mayordomo

ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
mayoldomo (alternative)
mayuldumo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish mayordomo, from Late Latin maior domūs.


baga

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *baʀaq. Cognate with Amis fala, Ilocano bara, Cebuano baga, and Bilba ba.

Nawalan na ng lakas na huminga ang kanyang mga baga.

His lungs lost their strength to breathe.


baga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀah (“ember”), from Proto-Austronesian *baʀah (“ember, glowing coal”). Cognate with Papora balah (“charcoal”), Ilocano bara (“red-hot”), Cebuano baga, Malay bara, and Manggarai wara.


baga

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *baʀəq (“abscess, boil”). Cognate with Mayoyao Ifugao bala (“ulcer”), Hanunoo baga, Malagasy bay, vay (“wound, boil”), Malay barah (“abscess”), and Manggarai bara (“swollen”).

abscess; tumor (especially of the breast)


Mindanao

Mindanáo (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
Mindanaw (alternative)

[mɪn̪.d̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

Borrowed from Spanish Mindanao, a contraction of Maguindánao (“Maguindanao”), from Maguindanao Magindanaw. Doublet of Mangindanaw and Maguindanao.

contraction

Combatir. Baca. (pp) 1. Bangga. (pc) Nagbaca silang maghapon. 2. act. combatieron todo el dia. Bucas babangga tayo sa mang̃a caauay. 1. act. Mañana combatirémos á los enemigos. Binangga cami nang mang̃a Mindanao. 1. P. los Mindanaos nos combatieron.

1835, Domingo de Los Santos, Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala. [Vocabulary of the Tagalog language], volume 1, page 245:

Combatir. Baca. (pp) 1. Collide. (pc) They fought all afternoon. 2. act. They fought all day. Tomorrow we will collide with the enemies. 1. act. Tomorrow we will combat the enemies. The Maguindanao people collided with us. 1. P. the Maguindanao people combatted us.


borda

bordá (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
burda (alternative)
bulda (alternative)


minutero

[mɪ.n̪ʊˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]


kilometro

tl-noun

kilometro (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish kilómetro, with shift to penultimate stress.


engot

tlb

(slang, back slang, mildly vulgar, derogatory, offensive, humorous)

[ˈʔɛː.ŋot̪̚]


proa

Borrowed from Spanish proa, from Old Spanish proda, from Vulgar Latin *prōda, from Latin prōra, from Ancient Greek πρῷρα (prôira).


sultana

sultana (mother, wife, or daughter of the sultan)

sultana (a pale yellow raisin made from a seedless grape)


feminismo

tl-noun

feminismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


negra

tlb

(colloquial, usually derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur)


pingga

Borrowed from Spanish pinga, deverbal of pingar (“to hang”), from Asturian pingar, from Vulgar Latin *pendicāre. Alternatively, from Hokkien 扁擔 /扁担 (pin-taⁿ, “carrying pole”) according to Manuel (1948), Panganiban (1973), and English (1987).


palya

Borrowed from Spanish fallar (“to fail; to crash”), ultimately from Latin fallere.


palya

Borrowed from Spanish falla (“lack; incompletion”), likely from Catalan falla. Related to etymology 1. See also Spanish falta.

fee equivalent to 1 ½ reales (former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies) to be exempted for a day from polo (forced and unpaid labor)


palya

Borrowed from Spanish palia (“veil”), from Latin pallia, plural of pallium. Doublet of palyo.


palya

palyá (canonical)
ᜉᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
palla (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria (“bitter melon”). See more at apalya and ampalaya.


teksto

Borrowed from Spanish texto (“text”), from Medieval Latin textus (“text”), from Latin textus (“woven”). Doublet of teks.


noo

Compare Kapampangan kanuan (“forehead”).


agar-agar

/ˌʔaɡaɾ ˈʔaɡaɾ/

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐɾ ˈʔaː.ɣɐɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish agar-agar, from English agar-agar, from Malay agar-agar.


hedonismo

tl-noun

hedonismo (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish hedonismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon).


alit

[ˈʔaː.lɪt̪̚]


pakana

plot; evil scheme; conspiracy; stratagem


aldea

[ʔɐlˈd̪ɛː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aldea, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic اَلضَّيْعَة (aḍ-ḍayʕa, “village”).


guni-guni

guní-guní (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜈᜒᜄᜓᜈᜒ (Baybayin)

[ɡʊˌn̪ɪ ɣʊˈn̪ɪ]


kantot

kantót (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
cantot (alternative)

Compare Indonesian ngentot. See also Indonesian kentut.

(vulgar) act of having sexual intercourse (with someone)

(vulgar, dated) act of attacking a woman sexually

(offensive, obsolete) swinging one's hips

(obsolete) noise that water makes when shaken inside a jar or a bottle


pintura

[pɪn̪ˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish pintura (“paint”).


adrenalina

tl-noun

adrenalina (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜎᜒᜈ)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɾɛ.n̪ɐˈliː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish adrenalina, from English adrenaline, coined by Japanese chemist Takamine Jōkichi in 1901.


baler

A play on Cebuano balay, from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay. Compare kalerki (from kaloka) and Philippine English gay slang heller (from hello). The word is also a reference to Baler, provincial capital of Aurora, Philippines.


relos

relós (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
rilos (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish reloj (“clock, watch, timepiece”). Doublet of relo, a later borrowing. Compare Tausug lilus.


salta

Early borrowing from Spanish saltar. Doublet of jota.

act of rising (as of water in a pipe, etc.)

landing (as of invading marines from water)

(finance, colloquial) entry; coming in (of money as income)


liban

absence; non-attendance (in class, work, etc.)


liban

tlb

(dialectal, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Mindoro)

crossing an obstacle (by jumping or climbing)


lona

Borrowed from Spanish lona (“canvas”), from the name of the French coastal town Olonne, where the linen cloth was woven.


yugal

Possibly borrowed from Spanish yugal (“jugal”), composed of yugo + -al, from Latin iugālis (“yoked together”).


barangay

barangáy (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜅ᜔ᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
baranggay (alternative)
Brgy. (alternative abbreviation)

[bɐ.ɾɐŋˈɡaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Spanish barangay, where the /ŋ/ sound was read as a /ŋɡ/ sound, from balangay (“a type of wooden watercraft Austronesian people used when they migrated to the Philippines”). Doublet of balangay.

barangay (the smallest administrative division in the Philippines, a subdivision of cities and municipalities)

(historical) local polity or settlement during the Philippine precolonial period


kard

Borrowed from English card, from Middle English carde (“playing card”), from Old French carte, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper, papyrus”). Doublet of kalatas, karta, and tsart.


abatan

[ˌʔaːˈbaː.t̪ɐn̪]

place where ambushers wait for their victim


abre

abré (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
abri (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish abrir, from Latin aperīre. Doublet of abli, an earlier borrowing.


adelanto

Borrowed from Spanish adelanto (“advancement”).

bor+

Limang minuto ang adelento ng relo ko.

The amount of time in advance of my watch is five minutes.


administra

tl-noun

administrá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ)

administrá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish administrar, from Latin administrāre.

act of taking charge of an administration


adobo

ᜀᜇᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
arobo (alternative)
arubo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish adobo (“delicacy of marinated meat”), from adobar (“to marinate”), from Old French adober (“to knight”). Compare Kapampangan arobu.

bor+

Adobong manok at baboy ang ulam ni Maria kagabi.

Maria had chicken and pork adobo last night.


adopta

Borrowed from Spanish adoptar, from Latin adoptāre.

act of adopting (taking by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen)

act of adopting (selecting, taking, approving)


adorno

Borrowed from Spanish adorno (“adornment”).


adula

Borrowed from Spanish adular, from Latin adūlārī.


adultero

tl-noun

adúlteró (feminine adultera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

adúlteró (canonical)
adultera (feminine)
ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌd̪ul.t̪ɛˈɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish adúltero, from Latin adulter.


adultera

adúlterá (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌd̪ul.t̪ɛˈɾa]

female equivalent of adultero: adulteress


alabado

Borrowed from Spanish alabado (“praised”).

bor+

praise; a part of a prayer to God or a saint


alarma

Borrowed from Spanish alarma, from Italian all'arme, allarme.

relos na may alarma

alarm (a mechanical device for rousing attention)


alegro

[ʔɐˈlɛː.ɡɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish alegro, from Italian allegro.


alerto

[ʔɐˈlɛɾ.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish alerta with a change in gender, from Italian all'erta (“to the height”). Doublet of alerta.


alerta

[ʔɐˈlɛɾ.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish alerta, from Italian all'erta (“to the height”). Doublet of alerto.

(military) watchword (a prearranged reply to the challenge of a sentry or a guard)


alisan

Alisan na.

simultaneous leaving or departure (from a place)


alumbrado

tl-noun

alumbrado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


alumbre

Borrowed from Spanish alumbre, from Latin alūminem.


amonesta

amonestá (canonical)
ᜀᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish amonestar, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *admonesstrāre.

act of admonishing, advising, warning, or reprimanding

act of announcing publicly the intention to get married


amputa

Borrowed from Spanish amputar, from Latin amputāre.


apura

Borrowed from Spanish apurar (“to hurry, to rush”).

bor+

act of urging someone to do something faster


aras

Borrowed from Spanish arras, from Latin arrha.

coins given by the bridegroom to the bride during the wedding ceremony


armas

tl-noun

armás or armas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔)

armás (canonical)
armas (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish armas, plural of arma.


anta

antá (canonical)
anta (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


anta

Borrowed from Spanish anta, feminine of ante, from Andalusian Arabic لمط (lámṭ).


atraso

(colloquial) unsettled offense (towards another person which is expected to be settled)


ayuno

Borrowed from Spanish ayuno, from a Vulgar Latin *aiūnus < *iaiūnus, jajūnus, from Latin iēiūnus.

Natutuklasan ng mga pamilyang Aleman ang mga pakinabang ng tinatawag na ayuno sa panonood ng TV.

1988, “Pagmamasid sa Daigdig”, in Gumising!, archived from the original on 2020-09-12:

German families are discovering the advantages of so-called TV-fasting.

Ang ayuno ay nagsisimula sa pagligo , pagsuot ng simpleng damit , pagkain ng gulay at pagpasok sa tanging silid para sa ayuno, at pagpapagaling sa pagkakasakit.

1999, 中英韓菲對照論語, 溫哥華孔學出版社, page 7:

Fasting starts on bathing, wearing simple clothes, eating vegetables and entering one's own room for fasting, and healing sickness.


balas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *badas (“grit, coarse sand, gravel”). Compare Kapampangan balas, Hanunoo baras, Aklanon baeas, and Cebuano balas.

inh

coarse granulated sugar; crystallized syrup


balas

poles used as prop to roofs to prevent a house from falling


baso

Borrowed from Spanish vaso (“drinking glass”), ultimately from Latin vās. Compare English vase.


baso

Borrowed from Spanish bazo (“spleen”), from Latin badius.


batid

batíd (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
batir (alternative)

information; knowledge (about something)


bata

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataq, from Proto-Austronesian *bataq. Also possibly from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “child, offspring”) or Sanskrit बटु (baṭu, “boy, lad, youth”). Compare Tausug bata'.

bor

WALANG patumanggang tinawag ng basher si Frankie Pangilinan na miserableng bata na uhaw sa atensyon.

2020, Ervin Santiago, “Frankie tinawag na ‘KSP at miserableng bata’ ng basher: Be like your Ate KC!”, in Bandera:

(colloquial) sweetheart; boyfriend or girlfriend


bata

Borrowed from Spanish bata, from French ouate.


bata

Possibly from Sanskrit वठ् (vaṭh, “to be able”).


batas

Possibly from Cebuano batas (“proposition of a rule or law”), or back-formation from Cebuano batasan (“custom; tradition”).

der

(obsolete) notification of an order or mandate


batas

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bə(ʀ)tas (“tear, rip open (as cloth or stitches), snap (as string)”) via Malay betas (“ripping open, splitting open”). Possible doublet of bagtas and bigtas.

cog

shortcut (such as estuary when traveling by water)


beses

Borrowed from Spanish veces (“times”), plural of vez. Doublet of bes.


botas

Borrowed from Spanish botas, plural of bota (compare apostoles, opisyales, rekisitos, and sentimos).


deposito

depósitó (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


billboard

tl-noun

billboard (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ᜔)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English billboard. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).


desmaya

desmayá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜌ (Baybayin)
dismaya (alternative)


dinamita

Borrowed from Spanish dinamita (“dynamite”), from Swedish dynamit, coined by Alfred Nobel in 1867, ultimately from Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”).


doble

ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
duble (alternative)
dubli (alternative obsolete)

double (anything twice as large or as many)


echas

[ˈʔɛː.t͡ʃɐs]

Backslang of tae + -s, with ⟨t⟩ changed to ⟨ch⟩.


embutido

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
imbutido (alternative)

embutido (Philippine meatloaf made with ground pork and stuffed with hard-boiled eggs and sliced ham or various sausages)


empleo

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
empleyo (alternative common)


wais

leaning or swaying to one side and another


endoso

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
endorso (alternative)


entablado

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
intablado (alternative)


estampa

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜋ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)
istampa (alternative)

portrait or image of a saint; religious print


estima

estimá (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
istima (alternative)

act of entertaining or attending to visitors


estorbo

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
istorbo (alternative)
storbo (alternative)


grado

grade (level of primary and secondary education)


hila

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilah (“drag, pull”). Cognate with Indonesian and Malay hela.

inh

(colloquial) act of persuading someone (to join or go somewhere)


hilamos

From hi- + lamos (“blot; stain”). Compare Cebuano hilam-os.

smearing of one's face with something sticky or greasy (with the same movements as washing one's face)


hipo

nature of an object perceived through touch

malicious touching (especially of someone's private areas)


anagrama

[ʔɐ.n̪ɐˈɡɾaː.mɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish anagrama, from Late Latin anagramma, from Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, back”) + γράμμα (grámma, “letter”). Doublet of anagram.


lambo

Compare Cebuano lambo and Hiligaynon lambo.


lamo

float made of small boats held together by bamboo poles


laman

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lamán (“pork, flesh of a pig”).

inh+

Puro laman ang karne.

May laman ang kahon.

Naiintindihan ko ang laman ng artikulo.

I understand the meaning of this article.


lapida

Borrowed from Spanish lápida (“tombstone”), from Latin lapis, lapidem (“stone”). Doublet of lapis.

bor+

tombstone; gravestone (with inscription)


pasas

Borrowed from Spanish pasas (“raisins”), plural of pasa.


pasan

pasán (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pas-an (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasaqan (“carry on the shoulders”), from Proto-Austronesian *pasaqaN (“shoulder pole; carry with a shoulder pole”). Compare Batad Ifugao pahon, Kapampangan pusan, Bikol Central pasan, Tagbanwa pasa'an, Cebuano pas-an, Tausug pa'san, Mongondow potaanon, Tetun Dili hasan, and Thao pataqaz.


pasma

Borrowed from Spanish pasmar (“to astonish; to freeze”), from Vulgar Latin *pasmus, from Latin spasmus, from Ancient Greek σπασμός (spasmós, “spasm, convulsion”).

der

pasma (folk illness believed to be brought on by exposure to cold or to water categorized by hand tremors, palm sweating, numbness, and pain)


limas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limas.

inh+

scooping out water (from a boat, well, canal, etc.), bailing

(by extension) ransacking and taking of all its contents (of a place)


logro

"Sa puti! Sa puti! Logro diyes! Logro diyes!" ang hiyawan ng mga magsasabong. "Sa pula! Sa pula! Logro onse! Logro onse!"

raised bet; preferred bet; bet with higher chances of winning (usually in cockfighting)

betting on the underdog to continue the fight (in cockfighting)


piloto

Borrowed from Spanish piloto, from Italian piloto, from pilota, from Byzantine Greek *πηδώτης (*pēdṓtēs, “helmsman”), from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “oarblade, oar”).


piso

Borrowed from Spanish peso (“weight”), from Old Spanish peso, from Vulgar Latin *pēsum, from Latin pēnsum.


pisan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pisan. Doublet of pinsan.

inh+

(arithmetic, obsolete) act of adding numbers


pisan

Possibly related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pasaŋ (“flood tide”).


pisara

Borrowed from Spanish pizarra, from Basque pizar.

Isulat ang salitang "bata" sa pisara.

2001, Filipino Wika Sa Ating Panahon 1 Tm' 2001 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 45:

Write the word "bata" on the blackboard.


posas

Borrowed from Spanish esposas, with loss of the initial es-. Doublet of esposa.


panteon

panteón (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pantiyon (alternative)
pantiyong (alternative)
pantsong (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish panteón, from Latin Pantheon, from Ancient Greek Πάνθειον (Pántheion, “a temple of all gods”).


pulas

sudden start (of runners in a race, etc.)


pulso

tl-noun

pulso or pulsó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜓ)

pulso (canonical)
pulsó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


maniobra

maniobra (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜂᜊ᜔ᜇ or ᜋᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜊ᜔ᜇ)

ᜋᜈᜒᜂᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
manyobra (alternative)

[mɐ.n̪ɪˈʔoː.bɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish maniobra, calque of French manœuvre, from Vulgar Latin manū opera.

maneuver (US); manoeuvre (Australia; Canada; UK)


manipula

Borrowed from Spanish manipular, from Latin manipulus.


molesta

ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
molestiya (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English as a semantic loan from English molest, influenced in spelling by Spanish molesta. Doublet of molestiya.


raspa

raspa (canonical)
raspá (canonical)
ᜇᜐ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)


reglamento

reglamento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


Italyano

Italyano (feminine Italyana, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish italiano. By surface analysis, Italya + -ano.


remata

foreclosure; forfeiture due to failure to redeem (such as of mortgaged property)


rentas

[ˈɾɛn̪.t̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish rentas, plural of renta. Doublet of renta.


renta

Borrowed from Spanish renta. Doublet of rentas.


repregunta

repregunta (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.pɾɛˈɣun̪.t̪ɐ]


restauran

restaurán or restauran (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜏ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔)

restaurán (canonical)
restauran (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜏ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛs.t̪aʊ̯ˈɾan̪]

[ɾɛsˈt̪aʊ̯.ɾɐn̪]


resulta

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English result, since the Spanish word for “result” is resultado. See also resulta, an inflection of Spanish resultar. Attested as early as the 1950s.

pl

Nguni't nagbigay rin ako ng gayon ding mungkahi sa dalawa pang magkasintahan. Ang resulta:

1956, Magsaysay, STANVAC, Liham, The Sin, Pag-ibig, Manor Press, Incorporated:


reto

(slang) introduction to someone (in matchmaking, especially to one's friend)


retirado

tl-noun

retirado (feminine retirada, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪o]


retiro

[ɾɛˈt̪iː.ɾo]


retrato

ᜇᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
litrato (alternative common)
ritrato (alternative rare)

[ɾɛt̪ˈɾaː.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish retrato (“portrait”), from Italian ritratto, from Latin retractus.


salas

Borrowed from Spanish salas, plural form of sala.

alternative form of sala (“living room”)


salara

Early borrowing from Spanish ensalada with clipping. Doublet of ensalada.


rimas

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (tree and fruit)


talaba

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *talabá (“kind of shellfish; oyster”). Compare Ilocano talaba, Kapampangan talaba, Asi tayba, Bikol Central talaba, Aklanon taeaba, Cebuano talaba, and Maranao talaba.


simula

According to Potet (2016), from sa- + i- (compare ibabaw and ilalim) + mula, ultimately from Sanskrit मूल (mūla, “root; beginning”).


sobra

Borrowed from Spanish sobra. Doublet of subla.


templo

Borrowed from Spanish templo, from Latin templum.


termino

[ˌt̪ɛɾ.mɪˈn̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish término, from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end, in Medieval Latin also a time, period, word, covenant, etc.”).
The sense "period in office" is a semantic loan from English term.

der

term; condition (limitation, restriction, or regulation in a contract)


titulo

Borrowed from Spanish título, from Latin titulus.

title (of a story, poem, book, movie, etc.)

title; headline (as in a newspaper article)

(law) claim or right to ownership (of a property, etc.)

(law) title of ownership; deed (especially of real estate)


subo

From Proto-Philippine *súbuq (“put something into or through an opening”). Compare Ilocano subo, Kapampangan subu, and Bikol Central subo. Alternatively, from Hokkien 嘴末 (chhùi-boa̍h) according to Manuel (1948).

inh

amount of food taken into the mouth at a time; bite; mouthful

(figurative) reluctant involvement (into an affair or act of responsibility)


subo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səbuh, from Proto-Austronesian *səbuS (“douse a fire, extinguish a fire with water; to hiss, as water on fire”). Compare Ibatan asbo, Ilocano subbo, Kapampangan asbu, Bikol Central sabo /subo, Aklanon suebo, Cebuano subo, Hiligaynon subo, Maranao sebo, and Malay sebu.

tempering of metal (by immersing in water after heating it red)

(figurative) violent agitation; sudden fit of anger


suma

sumà (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜋ (Baybayin)
soma (alternative)

Arcangelisia flava
Wikispecies:Arcangelisia flava

yellowfruit moonseed (Arcangelisia flava)


suma

Borrowed from Spanish suma, from Latin summa.


suman

→ English: suman

→ Chamorro: suman

suman (Filipino rice cake cooked in coconut milk, often wrapped in leaves)


supla

suplá (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜉ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
sopla (alternative)

act of puffing cigar smoke to the navel of a child (to relieve them of stomach gas)

game where someone blows a playing piece, usually a cashew seed, to the it; also the act of blowing such piece in such game

(colloquial) act of directly countering something someone has said


suspende

suspendé (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
suspindi (alternative)

act of suspending (of classes, work, etc.)


sustento

ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


sutura

[sʊˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


tumbas

act of giving an equivalent of something received

something given or received in exchange for something equivalent

act of doing something to equal what another has done


usad

act of moving slowly along on one's buttocks (on a seat or on the floor)


zumba

Borrowed from English Zumba, from trademark Zumba created by the Colombian Beto Pérez, from Spanish rumba with the first letter changed to “Z”.


aleta

[ʔɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aleta (literally “small wing”).

bor+

(architecture) flying buttress; arc-boutant


pista

pistá (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
piyasta (alternative obsolete)

Early borrowing from Spanish fiesta. Compare Malay pesta. Doublet of piyesta, a later borrowing.

Ika-16 ng Enero ang pista ng Santo Niño.

The feast of the Santo Niño is at January 16.

feast or banquet associated with a feast day

(obsolete) feast kept outside of a Sunday or a patron holiday


pista

act of undervaluing or underrating, in a mean manner, the merits of someone or something; faultfinding; belittlement


pista

Borrowed from Spanish pista (“track; course”).


motorista

Borrowed from Spanish motorista. By surface analysis, motor + -ista.

motorist (one who drives a motor vehicle)


serbesa

[sɛɾˈbɛː.sɐ]

Kabilin-bilinan ng lola / 'Wag nang uminom ng serbesa / Ito'y hindi inumin pang-bata / Mag-softdrinks ka na lang muna

Grandma's constant advice / Don't drink beer anymore / It's not a drink for kids / Just have soft drinks for now


antik

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ɪk̚]

alternative form of hantik: green tree ant


ibon

Borrowed from Kapampangan ebun (“egg”), from Proto-Central Luzon *ʔəybun, from Northern Proto-Philippine *ʀubun (“egg”). Compare Sambali oybon (“egg”), Ilongot lubun, Casiguran Dumagat Agta bunay, Bikol Central bunay, and Waray-Waray bunay.


alimango

ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
alimang̃o (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-maŋu. Compare Cebuano alimango, Hiligaynon alimango, and Yami alimango.

Scylla serrata
Scylla serrata#Translingual

(strictly) giant mud crab (Scylla serrata, a species of large black crab)


hikab

hikáb (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜃᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
higab (alternative)


umat

[ˈʔuː.mɐt̪̚]


alabastro

Borrowed from Spanish alabastro (“alabaster”), from Latin alabastrum, from Ancient Greek ἀλάβαστρος (alábastros), from earlier ἀλάβαστος (alábastos). This may further derive from Egyptian ꜥj-r-bꜣstjt (“vessel of the Egyptian goddess Bast”) but this is doubtful.


oblo

– 'Kaw na lang, – sabi ko. – Dalawang life ang sentens'ya mo. Pa'no ka pa makalalabas dito? Dito ka na sa oblo mabubulok!

Wala akong ibang nais kundi ang matupad ang nasa isipan at puso ko gaya ng mga kasamahan ko sa oblo, yun ay ang pagdalaw sayo ng iyong mga mahal sa buhay, oras ng dalaw iyon, unti-unting nagsidatingan ang mga ito, at tila humahaba ang...

2021, Zosimo Layug Asido Jr., Agam ng Kahapon:

(back slang, prison slang) prison (especially the New Bilibid Prison in Metro Manila)


biryani

Borrowed from English biryani, from Hindustani بِرْیَانی (biryānī) / बिरयानी (biryānī), from Classical Persian بریانی (biryānī).


puwa

Borrowed from Spanish púa (“plectrum; pick”), from Vulgar Latin *pugia, from Latin pungō (“to prick, to puncture, to sting”).


bungo

bungô (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
bong̃o (alternative)
bung̃o (alternative)


amplitud

tl-noun

amplitúd (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

amplitúd (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish amplitud, from Latin amplitūdō.


kunyas

kunyás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
conyas (alternative)
cunyas (alternative)

Early borrowing of Spanish cuñas, plural of cuña, from cuño or from Vulgar Latin *cunea, from Latin cuneus. Doublet of kuwoyn.


asta

Kumbaga, parang ano… inaayon mo din yung ano mo, yung suot mo, yung asta mo, yung galaw mo.

2022, Jerry Olea, “Herlene Budol "magta-Tagalog" in Miss Planet International [Herlene Budol "will use Tagalog" in Miss Planet International]”, in PEP.ph (overall work in Tagalog):

It's like… you're adjusting your costume, your posture, your movement.

Humingi ng tawad ang 21-anyos na netizen dahil sa kaniyang naging asta.

2024, “'Boy Dila' ng San Juan nag-sorry sa asta noong 'Wattah Wattah' festival ['Boy Dila' of San Juan apologizes for his actions at the previous 'Wattah Wattah' festival]”, in ABS-CBN News (overall work in Tagalog):

The 21-year-old netizen apologized for his previous actions.

Ayon kay Miranda, bago pa ito ay hindi na maganda ang asta sa kanila ng driver at pabalang ito kung makipag-usap.

2019, “Driver na nagpaharurot ng jeep, ayaw magbaba ng pasahero inireklamo [Driver who speeds up his jeepney was complained on after refusing to let go of his passengers]”, in ABS-CBN News (overall work in Tagalog):

According to Miranda, the driver had a foul attitude on them even before this, answering them with disrespect.

position or attitude taken when one is about to do something


poot

poót (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜂᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
puot (alternative)


goyo

(slang) something done to make a fool of someone


bendito

ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
bindito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bendito, from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictus.

(Roman Catholicism) prayer that begins with “Bendito y alabado sea […] ”


sali

participation (in a contest, competition, play, etc.)


sali

saliva with red stain (from chewing betel or tobacco)


rubi

Borrowed from Spanish rubí (“ruby”), from Catalan robí, from Old French rubin, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.


hawa

hawa (canonical)
hawà (canonical)
ᜑᜏ (Baybayin)
haua (alternative)

stain or discoloration by a foreign substance


oros

Borrowed from Spanish oros, plural of oro (“gold”).


raso

ᜇᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
daso (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish raso, from Latin rāsus.


buwan

buwán (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bouan (alternative)
bovan (alternative)
buan (alternative obsolete)
b'wan (alternative contraction uncommon)
bwan (alternative)

now dialectal, Batangas, Rizal, Marinduque, alternative

Elision of /l/ from Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN. Compare Ilocano bulan, Pangasinan bulan, Kapampangan bulan, Cebuano bulan, Hiligaynon bulan, Waray-Waray bulan, Maranao bolan, Indonesian bulan, Sundanese bulan, Javanese ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭꦤ꧀ (rembulan), Malay bulan, Fijian vula, Malagasy volana, and Niuean pula. Doublet of bulan.


sandali

sandalî (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
sangdali (alternative)

[sɐn̪.d̪ɐˈlɪʔ]

[sɐn̪.d̪ɐˈlɛʔ]

From san- + dali (“shortness of duration”).

Sandali lang!

16 Sandali na lamang, at aco,i, hindi na ninyo maquiquita : at muling sandali, at aco,i, inyong maquiquita. 17 Sinabi nga ng ilang caniyang manga alagad sa isa,t , isa: & Ano itong sa atin ay sinasabi: Sandali na lamang, at aco,i, hindi na ninyo ...

1907, Ang Bagong Tipan sa Macatuid Baga: i, el Nuevo Testamento nang ating Panginoon at Tagapagligtas na si Jesu-Cristo:

1994, Gloria Villaraza Guzman, Mga gintong sandali, →ISBN:

1996, R. M. Custodio, Isang nakaw na sandali, →ISBN:

2000, Ofelia Concepcion, Huwag Sanang Matapos Ang Mga Sandali, →ISBN:

Dahil sa mga pangyayaring ito, sa sandali ng iyong pagtataka, nagtatanong ka...bakit? Iniisip mo, “Akala ko marunong ang Diyos, maawain at kasukdulan ng lahat ng dangal at kabanalan?” Totoo kayang kagustuhan din niya ang bagsik ng ...

year unknown, Komunikasyon at Linggwistika, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 55

Maging buhay ka sa lahat ng sandali ng iyong buhay. Bawat sandali ay biyaya ng Maylalang. Isabuhay mo bawat sandali sa mabuti at makabuluhang paraan, upang sa oras ng iyong kamatayan ay hindi ka matiyempuhang sumisigaw at ...

year unknown, Kapwa: Pagamamahalan at Pananagutan, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 66

"Sandali na lamang at darating na ang inyong ama. Sandali na lamang at darating siyang may dalang pagkain." Sapagkat bago umalis sa bahay si Mang Tonyo ay nangakong mag-uuwi ng makakain nilang mag-anak. Siya'y magsasadya sa ...

year unknown, Kawil Iv' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 265

Pagkaráan ng̃ ilang sandalî, ang sasakyáng hinahábol ay sumapit sa isáng tuláy na lumà. Sa isáng dulo ng̃ tuláy na iyon ay may isáng malakíng bútas na, sapagka’t di pa natatagalan ay di alám ni Juancho, ni ng̃ kutserong si Kikò, ni ng̃ kanilang kabáyo.

1909, Ismael A. Amado, Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa, page 140:

Ilang sandali siyang tumayo roon, walang tinag at hindi malaman ang gagawin. Parang hinihiwa ng isang matalim na kutsilyo ang tiyan niya. Natutuliro siya at nahihilo. “Kras”. Nalaglag ang gasera mula sa nanginginig niyang mga daliri, ...

year unknown, Bigkis Iv, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 283


sandali

sandalì (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
sangdali (alternative)


saglit

Bigyan mo ako ng isang saglit at magpapalit lang ako ng damit.

Give me one moment and I’ll just change (my) clothes.

Saglit ko lang nilunok ang kapsulang pandiyeta.

It only takes a moment to take the diet capsule.

going in a hurry for a very short time (to a certain person or place)


tanghali

tanghalì (canonical)
ᜆᜅ᜔ᜑᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
tanhali (alternative obsolete)

[t̪ɐŋˈhaː.lɪʔ]

Borrowed from Malay tengah hari (“noon”). Compare Remontado Agta tanghari.


gabi

gabí (canonical)
ᜄᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
gab-e (alternative)
gab-i (alternative)
gabe (alternative colloquial)
gaby (alternative)
gab-y (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabiqi (“late afternoon, evening, evening meal, yesterday”), from Proto-Austronesian *ʀabiqi (“late afternoon, evening, evening meal”). Cognate with Ilocano rabii, Hanunoo yabi, Cebuano gabii, Tausug kabii, Amis lafi (“dinner, evening meal”), and Bima awi, awina (“yesterday”). See also Sarawak Malay gabi (“dinner”).


hapon

From Proto-Philippine *hapun (“to roost”). Compare Asi hapon, Hanunoo apon, Bikol Central hapon, and Hiligaynon hapon.

roosting of fowls (usually in the late afternoon to rest and sleep)


umaga

From um- + aga. Compare Remontado Agta umaga.


buni

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqəni (compare Bikol Central bun-i, Cebuano bun-i, and Masbatenyo bun-i).


puding

Borrowed from English pudding, from Middle English podynge, puddynge, from Old French boudin, from Latin botellus. Doublet of budin.


atleta

[ʔɐt̪ˈl̪ɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish atleta (“athlete”), from Latin āthlēta, from Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētḗs).


kasino

Borrowed from English casino, from Italian casino, diminutive form of casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage, hut”).


garote

[ɡɐˈɾoː.t̪ɛ]

garrote (iron collar to execute people by strangulation)


realismo

ᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
reyalismo (alternative)


pisi

(figurative) patience; calmness to bear, especially an insult


pelus

pelús (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pilus (alternative)


nood

noód (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
nuod (alternative)
noor (alternative)
nuor (alternative)

Compare Bikol Central nuod (“to learn”).

act of watching or viewing something; watch; view


banyo

Borrowed from Spanish baño, from Old Spanish banno, from Vulgar Latin baneum, from Latin balneum (“bath”), variant form of balineum, from Ancient Greek βαλανεῖον (balaneîon). Doublet of banyos and baynos.

bathroom; shower room / area; bath; bathtub

lavatory; toilet; WC; comfort room; restroom


matris

matrís (canonical)
ᜋᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
matres (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish matriz, from Latin mātrīx, from māter (“mother”).


temperatura

tl-noun

temperatura (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɛm.pɛ.ɾɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Learned borrowing from Spanish temperatura.


gara

Borrowed from Malay gahara (“of royal-birth”). Compare Hindi घराना (gharānā, “family; household; lineage”).


museo

Borrowed from Spanish museo, from Latin museum, from Ancient Greek Μουσεῖον (Mouseîon, “seat of the Muses”).


interprete

tl-noun

intérpreté (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜒ)

intérpreté (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪ˌt̪ɛɾ.pɾɛˈt̪ɛ]


bulto

pack, piece of luggage or anything carried


estero

[ʔɛsˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish estero (“arm of an estuary or river”), from Spanish estero (“river delta”).


pelota

pelota (any of a variety of Spanish sports played against a wall)


sigaro

Borrowed from Spanish cigarro (“cigar”).


monumento

tl-noun

monumento (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


karton

Borrowed from Spanish cartón, from French carton.


artista

[ʔɐɾˈt̪is.t̪ɐ]

(loosely) famous musician or singer; celebrity


watusi

wátúsi or watusí (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜆᜓᜐᜒ)

wátúsi (canonical)
watusí (canonical)
ᜏᜆᜓᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English watusi, from Swahili watusi, from wa- (plural marker) + Rwanda-Rundi Tūtsi.


sandalo

Borrowed from Spanish sándalo, from Ancient Greek σάνδαλον (sándalon), ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”). Doublet of sandana.


alkohol

alkohól (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜑᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
alkuol (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish alcohol (“alcohol”), but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence (cf. hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon), from Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”).


etiketa

[ʔɛ.t̪ɪˈxɛː.t̪ɐ]

Nakakairita ang etiketang ito!


ambito

Borrowed from Spanish ámbito, from Latin ambitus.


albularyo

tl-noun

albularyo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
albolaryo (alternative)
arbularyo (alternative)
erbolaryo (alternative)

→ English: albularyo

Early borrowing of Spanish herbolario (“herbal doctor; herbalist”).


payola

Borrowed from English payola, in the sense of bribe.


ensalada

Borrowed from Spanish ensalada. Doublet of salara.


gobernador

tl-noun

gobernadór (feminine gobernadora, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

gobernadór (canonical)
gobernadora (feminine)
ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
Gob. (alternative abbreviation)
gubernador (alternative)


tonta

(vulgar, offensive) female equivalent of tonto: female fool; female idiot


organo

[ˌʔoɾ.ɡɐˈn̪o]

(music) organ (a musical instrument made of multiple pipes)

(anatomy, biology) organ (a larger part of an organism)


organismo

organismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


supremo

supremo (feminine suprema, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish supremo, from Latin suprēmus.


bilog

From Proto-Southern Philippine *bilúg. The sense “liquor; gin” is based on the shape of small gin bottles.


barkada

→ Tausug: barkada

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish barcada (“gang of friends”), from Spanish barcada (“boatload”).

bor+

group of people going together on a trip


buhok

buhók (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜑᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bohoc (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək, metathesis from Proto-Austronesian *bukəS. Cognate with Bikol Central buhok, Hiligaynon buhok, Cebuano buhok, Waray-Waray buhok, Kapampangan buak, Pangasinan buek, Ivatan vuk, Ilocano buuk, Maranao bok, and Maguindanao buk.


bulaklak

bulaklák (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜃ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bolaclac (alternative)
bulaclac (alternative)

From Southern Luzon axis *bulaklak, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bujak (“flower”). Compare Pangasinan bulaklak, Kapampangan bulaklak, Sambali bolak, Bikol Central burak, Hanunoo bulaklak, Asi buyak, Aklanon bueak, Cebuano bulak, Hiligaynon bulak, Surigaonon buyak, Butuanon buwak, Maguindanao ulak, and Tboli bulok.

(euphemistic, vulgar, slang) vagina; vulva


braso

Borrowed from Spanish brazo, from Old Spanish braço, from Latin bracchium, from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn).


bukid

ᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bucquir (alternative)
bukir (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *bukij (“mountain”). Compare Pangasinan bokig, Cebuano bukid, Malay bukit, and Javanese ꦮꦸꦏꦶꦂ (wukir).

(agriculture) farm; field under cultivation


bulak

bulák (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bulac (alternative)

effervescence; bubbling of liquid beginning to boil

bubbles formed on the surface of boiling water


bulag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaʀ. Compare Ilocano bulag, Kapampangan bulag, Cebuano bulhog, and Malay bular.

(colloquial, mildly offensive) person who fails to see


bituin

tl-noun

bituín or bituin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔)

bituín (canonical)
bituin (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bitoin (alternative)
bitoyn (alternative)
botiin (alternative)
butiyn (alternative)
bitowin (alternative obsolete)
butiin (alternative)
bituwin (alternative common)
bitwin (alternative colloquial)

[bɪ.t̪ʊˈʔɪn̪]

[bɪˈt̪uː.ʔɪn̪]

From Proto-Philippine *bituqən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituqən, from Proto-Austronesian *bituqən. Compare Kapampangan batuin, Bikol Central bituon, Cebuano bituon, Tausug bituun. See also Malay bintang. Possibly related to etymology 2.

Magpunyagi, nang masapit ang mga bituin.

(chiefly acting, figurative) star; celebrity


dagat

→ Alangan: dagat

[ˈd̪aː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”). Cognate with Ilocano darat (“sand”), Cebuano dagat, Kapampangan dayat, Pangasinan dayat, Tausug dagat, Malay darat (“dry land”), and Tetum raat (“seashore”). Doublet of dalatan and dayatan.


dagdag

dagdág (canonical)
ᜇᜄ᜔ᜇᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
ragrag (alternative)

[d̪ɐɡˈd̪aɡ̚]

Compare Bikol Central dagdag and Kapampangan dagdag.

Dagdag pa niya, kung 12-anyos lang siya ay kanya nang sinampal si Frankie dahil sa hindi pagrespeto kay Corona, na tinuturing nitong ‘great man’.

2020, “Ferdie Topacio, bumwelta kay Frankie Pangilinan kaugnay sa notes nito kay dating CJ Corona”, in KAMI:


dahil

From a metathesis of Malay dalih (“reason; excuse”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).


dapat

ᜇᜉᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
da't (alternative contraction)
dat (alternative contraction)
rapat (alternative)

Compare Hiligaynon dapat and Malay dapat.

that which is right; that which is proper


damdamin

ᜇᜋ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ramramin (alternative)


daya

dayà (canonical)
ᜇᜌ (Baybayin)
raya (alternative)

→ Agutaynen: daya

→ Bikol Central: daya

→ Hiligaynon: daya

→ Hanunoo: daya

Borrowed from Malay daya (“trick”), from either Proto-Malayic *daya or Sanskrit द्वय (dvaya, “duplicity”).


salabay

Compare Kapampangan salabe and Tausug sābay.

(obsolete) crossing of one's arms while drinking


sukiyaki

Borrowed from Japanese 鋤焼(すきや)き (sukiyaki).


kurso

Borrowed from Spanish curso, from Latin cursus.


kurso

Borrowed from Spanish cursó, derivative of cursar (“do something frequently”).


iha

tl-noun

iha (masculine iho, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑ)

Borrowed from Spanish hija (“daughter”), from Old Spanish fija, from Latin filia.

(endearing) term of endearment for a girl by an older person


tapeta

[t̪ɐˈpɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from English taffeta, from Late Middle English, from Old French taffetas, from Medieval Latin taffata, from Classical Persian تافته (tāfta). Doublet of tapetan.


antilope

antílopé or antilope (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜓᜉᜒ)

antílopé (canonical)
antilope (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜓᜉᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish antílope (“antelope”).


nila

Borrowed from Sanskrit नील (nī́la). Doublet of anyil and lila.

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


laho

Borrowed from Sanskrit राहु (rāhu, “Rāhu”). Compare Kapampangan lau and Indonesian rahu.

(astronomy) eclipse (of the moon or sun)

disappearance of one's emotion or feeling (of pain, tiredness, etc.)

(folklore, obsolete) eclipse monster that devours the moon


kalat

spread (of disease, information, news, etc.)

act of distributing or scattering things


rampa

Borrowed from Spanish rampa, from French rampe.

(especially fashion, colloquial) runway walk (like a runway model)


disturbo

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜓ (Baybayin)


akropolis

tl-noun

akrópolís (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

akrópolís (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acrópolis, from Ancient Greek ἀκρόπολις (akrópolis), from ἄκρον (ákron, “summit”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”).


eufemismo

eufemismo (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓᜉᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜌᜓᜉᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


akne

Borrowed from Spanish acné, from French acné, from Ancient Greek *ἀκνή (*aknḗ), perhaps a corruption of ἀκμή (akmḗ, “point, top”). Possible doublet of akme.


tuyo

→ Bikol Central: tuyo

→ Ibaloi: tuyo

→ Ilocano: tuyo

→ Sambali: tuyo


suya

Possibly from Hokkien 衰啊 (soe--a!, “how unlucky!”). Compare Bikol Central suya and Cebuano suya.

surfeit; condition of being fed to satiety or excess


serbi

Borrowed from Spanish servir, from Latin servīre. Doublet of silbi.

service (act of initially serving the ball)


anakonda

Borrowed from Spanish anaconda, from English anaconda, from New Latin anacandaia, originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka, from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā), or Tamil ஆனைக்கொன்றான் (āṉaikkoṉṟāṉ).

der

ஆனைக்கொன்றான்

Tamil ஆனைக்கொன்றான் (āṉaikkoṉṟāṉ)


akrobata

[ʔɐˌkɾoː.bɐˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish acróbata, from Ancient Greek ἀκροβάτης (akrobátēs). Doublet of akrobat.


talento

Borrowed from Spanish talento, from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”).


amper

Borrowed from English ampere, named after French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836). Doublet of amperyo.


saksi

saksí (canonical)
ᜐᜃ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
sacsi (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay saksi, from Sanskrit साक्षी (sākṣī), masculine nominative singular form of साक्षिन् (sākṣin, “witness”).

(religion, colloquial) member of Jehovah's Witnesses


tuma

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah, from Proto-Austronesian *CuməS. Compare Kavalan tumes, Cebuano tuma, Tetum katuma, tuma.

tiny insect found on dirty clothes and fabrics (like a louse)


karbono

Borrowed from Spanish carbono, from French carbone.


prisma

Borrowed from Spanish prisma, from Late Latin prisma, from Ancient Greek πρῖσμα (prîsma, literally “thing sawed”).

der

prism (a transparent block used to split or reflect light)


lipas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləpas (“to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end”). Compare Ilocano leppas, Maranao lepas, and Malay lepas. Doublet of alpas and lapas.

inh+

loss of a property or characteristic due to elapsed time (such as potency, popularity, validity, taste, fashionableness, etc.)


piha

a species of snails with bright-colored shells


bolero

tl-noun

bolero (feminine bolera, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜇᜓ)

Isa kang magaling na bolero, Lolo. Ang ganda mong magsinungaling! Magandang pakinggan ang iyong mga pantasya. Sige, magsinungaling ka pa. Ayos din 'yon. Wala namang maraming magagandang bagay na mapapak- inggan sa ...

"Dad, ang serious, isa ospital dinadala." Natawa 'ko. Napikon nang ... hindi ka naging presidente?" Gano'n liga si Jason: masayahin, bolero, mapanukso, pero kaibig-ibig na bata. Mahirap kang magalit sa kanya dahil mabilis siya sa yakap at ...

1988, Lualhati Bautista, Dekada '70: ang orihinal at kimpletong edisyon:

Kailangarg mag- update kayo ng nangyayari sa buhay ng isa't isa. ... Kapag mahilig kang makipagkuwentuhan, tsikador o tsikadora ang tawag sa iyo. Puwedeng ... Pinaa.Tsinika. Dito rin lilitaw ang kahulugan ng pagiging bolero ng isang ...

2005, Galileo S. Zafra, Romulo P. Baquiran, Sawikaan 2004: mga salita ng taon, →ISBN:

Nakapaloob sa baranggay ang isa pang malaking istasyon ng radyo at telebisyon, mga talyer, mga imprenta, otel, motel, laboratoryo ng pelikula, pakulutan, ... Puwes, pinangakuan sila ng mga bolero ng lupa. ... Kung kandidato kang taga-iskuwater, huwag kang aastang pulubi; umasta kang siga at may pinag-aralan.


tipa

tipâ (canonical)
tipá (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜉ (Baybayin)
tupa (alternative)

press of the keys (of a typewriter, piano, etc.)

(obsolete) measurement distance of a hand open


bami

bami (canonical)
bamì (canonical)
ᜊᜋᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien 肉麵 /肉面 (bah-mī). Compare Cebuano bam-i, Javanese ꦧꦏ꧀ꦩꦶ (bakmi), Dutch bami. See also Hokkien 牛肉麵 /牛肉面 (gû-bah-mī, “beef noodles”). Possible doublet of mami.

noncog

flour noodles cooked with small pieces of meat or with prawns


singsing

singsíng (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinsing (alternative)

Borrowed from Chinese as per Blust (2010-), possibly Hokkien 手指 (chhiú-chí / chhiú-chái / chhiú-cháiⁿ). Cognates with Bikol Central singsing, Cebuano singsing, Ilocano singsing, Kapampangan singsing, Maranao sising, Malay cincin, Indonesian cincin, Khmer ចិញ្ចៀន (ceñciən), etc.


todas

Borrowed from Spanish todas, feminine plural of todo. Doublet of todo.

(slang) condition of being used up or consumed

(gambling, slang) appearance of a desired card in order to win


horoskop

hóroskóp (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


abrakadabra

tl-noun

ábrakadábra or abrakadabra (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜃᜇᜊ᜔ᜇ)

ábrakadábra (canonical)
abrakadabra (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜃᜇᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔaː.bɾɐ.xɐˈd̪aː.bɾɐ]

[ʔɐ.bɾɐ.xɐˈd̪aː.bɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abracadabra, from Late Latin abracadabra. See also Ancient Greek ἀβράξας (abráxas).

mumbo jumbo; nonsense (meaningless words)


buwa

buwâ (canonical)
buwà (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏ (Baybayin)


ingrato

ingrato (feminine ingrata, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆᜓ)

ingrata (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
inggrato (alternative)

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾaː.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish ingrato, from Latin ingrātus.


bokal

bokál (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bukal (alternative)

third-ranking member of the provincial board


kayan

kayán (canonical)
ᜃᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kayang (alternative)

awning made of matting or nipa and used on boats


dao

daó (canonical)
ᜇᜂ (Baybayin)
dauo (alternative)
dawo (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daqu (“a tree: Dracontomelum edule”). Compare Cebuano dao, Kapampangan dau, and Indonesian dahu.

inh

Dracontomelon dao
Wikispecies:Dracontomelon dao


sao

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sauq. Compare Kapampangan sau, Tausug sāw, and Malay sauh. Doublet of sawo.

mooring cable or chains; cable for mooring ships to the pier when at anchor


bao

coconut shell stripped of its husk and meat


bao

(games, obsolete) a game of various chances, done with a coconut shell, and a cane placed crosswise on the ground


bao

ᜊᜂ (Baybayin)
bauo (alternative)
bawo (alternative obsolete)

From elision of /l/ from earlier balo. See more at balo.

alternative form of balo (“widow; widower”)


bao

From Proto-Philippine *baququ. Compare Kapampangan pau, Hanunoo paoo, Cebuano bao, Hiligaynon bao, Maranao bao'o, Tausug bauu, and Malay biuku.


yao

Possible back-formation from yaon when used with -g, 'y, or 't causing the ⟨n⟩ to be dropped.

(euphemistic) dying; passing away; demise


unos

unós (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
onos (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qunus (“move along”). Compare Ibatan onos, Bikol Central unos, Cebuano unos, Waray-Waray unos, Maranao onos, and Tausug hunus.

squall; very strong wind with strong rain; gale; hurricane


unos

unós (canonical)
unos (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
onos (alternative)


laga

From Southern Proto-Philippine *laqgaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(ŋ)gaq. Compare Hiligaynon laga, Cebuano laga, and Bikol Central gaga.

cooking or boiling in water (of meat, eggs, corn, etc.)


sipa

Borrowed from Malay sepak, from Old Javanese sepak. Compare Bikol Central sipa, Cebuano sipa, Waray-Waray sipa, Maranao sipa', Tausug sipa', and Javanese ꦱꦺꦥꦏ꧀ (sépak).

(sports) sipa (Filipino traditional native sport)

(colloquial) kicking out (such as a worker from employment)


sipa

abstinence and prayer for a dead relative (in one or various novenas ending in tibaw)


botanika

Borrowed from Spanish botánica, from Latin botanica, from Ancient Greek βοτανική (botanikḗ).


klima

Borrowed from Spanish clima (“climate”), from Late Latin clīma (“climate”), from Ancient Greek κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă, “region, zone”).


paho

a small, sour species of mango (Mangifera monandra)


Gales

tl-noun

Galés (feminine Galesa, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Galés (canonical)
Galesa (feminine)
ᜄᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


purga

(medicine) purgative; cathartic; laxative


tubal

(obsolete) putting cotton in oil to be dyed after


banga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋa (“palm sp.”).


banga

From Proto-Philippine *baŋaq (“earthen water jar”).

native earthen jar with a narrow mouth for holding water


idealismo

tl-noun

idealismo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
ideyalismo (alternative)


idealista

ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
ideyalista (alternative)


idolo

idol (graven image of anything worshipped)


tuon

act of pressing lightly the point or end of something against the surface of another

light pressure of a point or end of something against the surface of another

condition of being pressed lightly on something

act of conspiring with each other or with one another

(figurative) act of focusing one's attention on something


saksak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saksak (“to stab”), from Proto-Austronesian *səksək (“to stuff, cram in; be crowded”). Doublet of siksik.

inh

stabbing; thrust; (with a knife or any pointed instrument)

piercing; sticking (of a sharp instrument)


saksak

Locustella caudata
Wikispecies:Locustella caudata

Bradypterus caudatus
Wikispecies:Bradypterus caudatus

long-tailed bush-warbler (Locustella caudata, syn. Bradypterus caudatus)


bakbak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakbak (“peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree”). Compare Hokkien 剝 /剥 (pak, “to peel”).

part of an object where the covering was forcibly detached

(colloquial) attack; assault (against someone)


kompas

tl-noun

kompas or kompás (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔)

kompas (canonical)
kompás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English compass, from Middle English compas, from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“circle, circuit”). Doublet of kumpas.

der

magnetic compass; compass (magnetic direction finder)

calipers; divider; pair of compasses; compass (device used to draw circular curves)


bangin

bangín (canonical)
ᜊᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bangil (alternative informal)


tikin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təkən. Compare Ilocano tekken, Kapampangan atkan, Cebuano tukon, Maranao teken, Tausug tukun, Malay tekan, and Old Javanese tĕkĕn.

bamboo pole or the like used to propel punts or flat-bottomed boats (especially in shallow streams)

long pole, usually provided with a hook at one end for picking fruit, etc.


buga

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀah (“to spray water from the mouth”), from Proto-Austronesian *buʀəS. Compare Malay bura.

inh+

forced ejection from the interior of something (such as in volcanoes, chimneys, etc.)

bellowing snort; hissing snort (such as with steam or air being forced out)

game where a playing piece, either a marble or a bayag-kambing seed, is blown out hard from a player's mouth to hit other pieces

medical treatment by quack doctors where something chewed is mixed with saliva and spat upon an ailing part of the patient's body

practice of blowing smoke on the face of gamecocks (to make them brave and their eyes clear)


halhal

(offensive) windbag; braggart; boaster; someone who talks too much

(offensive) foolish person; senseless person

(offensive) someone fond of laughing without cause (usually said of women)