eskuwela

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
eskwela (alternative)
iskwela (alternative)
iskuwela (alternative)
iscovyla (alternative)
iscuela (alternative)
iskuwila (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish escuela, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “spare time, leisure”). Doublet of iskul.

der

(now dialectal, Marinduque) schoolchild; pupil


eskuwelahan

tl-noun

eskuwélahán (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜎᜑᜈ᜔)

eskuwélahán (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
eskuelahan (alternative dated)
eskwelahan (alternative)
iskwelahan (alternative)
iskuwelahan (alternative)


wagas

Compare Bikol Central wagas, Cebuano wagas, and Western Bukidnon Manobo wagas.

(obsolete) a kind of gold with high purity; refined gold

Maraming wagas sa bulubulo mo?

Do you have a lot of gold dust in your container?

(obsolete) gold dust; powdered or ground gold; shavings or small pieces of gold (or silver)


kason

kasón (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cason (alternative)


kason

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish cajón. Doublet of kahon, a later borrowing.

bor+

box or chest used in the sacristies for storing clothes


kuwadro

Borrowed from Spanish cuadro (“painting”).


hulog

ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
holog (alternative)
olog (alternative)
ulog (alternative uncommon)

From Proto-Philippine *huluʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Suluʀ (“to lower, let down, as on a rope”). Compare Paiwan surur (“a taut-stretched line”), Ilocano ulog (“to descend, go down”), Bikol Central hulog, Cebuano hulog, Tausug hulug, Malay hulur (“letting go, slacking or paying out (a line)”), and Manggarai ulur (“to lower, let oneself down”).

cog

Tatlong hulog na lang ang kailangan para bayad ka na sa utang.

You only need three installments for your debt to be paid.

contribution paid; fee; quota (to an organization as a member)

one's interpretation; explanation; version

hulog ng langit

(carpentry, masonry) determination of a construction being vertically set using a plumb line

(carpentry, masonry) vertical position of a construction (determined with a plumb line)

(carpentry) construction of an additional roof on a house (such as an awning or eaves)

(carpentry) added roof or room to a house

(fishing) number of casts with a fishing net

(baking) amount of butter used (per pastry of cakes, waffles, etc.)

(baking) number of pastries thus made with a certain amount of butter (of cakes, waffles, etc.)

(physiology) weight loss (due to poor health)

(physiology) muscular tension (as a health condition)

(physiology) development of puberty (among boys and girls)

manner of sloping (of mountains, hills, noses, etc.)


naghahanap ng sakit ng katawan

tl-noun

nagháhanáp ng sakít ng katawán (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜑᜑᜈᜉ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆᜏᜈ᜔)

nagháhanáp ng sakít ng katawán (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜑᜑᜈᜉ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜆᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɐɡˌhaː.hɐˌn̪ap n̪ɐn̪ sɐˌxɪt̪ n̪ɐŋ kɐ.t̪ɐˈwan̪]


paligsahan

paligsahan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐᜑᜈ᜔)


kakumpetensya

kakumpetensya (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜃᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kakumpetensiya.


sabsab

Possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 歃 (sap, “to eat (of snacks, etc. in an undignified manner)”), according to Chan-Yap (1980). Blust believes it to be from Proto-Austronesian *sabsab and unlikely from Hokkien, in view of the wider comparative picture he has collected.

bor

voracious and noisy eating peculiar to hogs, dogs, etc.


kalan de-uling

tl-noun

kalán de-uling (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ ᜇᜒᜂᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

kalán de-uling (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ ᜇᜒᜂᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɐˌlan̪ d̪ɛ ˈʔuː.lɪŋ]

From kalan (“stove”) + de-uling (“coal-operated”).


pagdinig

pagdiníg (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.d̪ɪˈn̪ɪɡ̚]

From pag- + dinig. Calque of English hearing.

hearing (proceeding at which discussions are heard)


pandinig

pandiníg (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
panrinig (alternative)

[pɐn̪.d̪ɪˈn̪ɪɡ̚]


sanay

rehearsal; training; exercise; practicing to gain expertise


sanaysay

Possibly either a blend of sanay + saysay or a contraction of pagsasanay ng sanay. Attested since the 1940's.

Sa mga sanaysay at lathala, gayon din sa maiikling kuento, ay nasisinag na ang pagsikat ng bagong 43.

1941, Crisanto Evangelista, Patnubay sa kalayaan at kapayapaan:


taludturan

tl-noun

táludtúran (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

táludtúran (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪aː.lʊd̪ˈt̪uː.ɾɐn̪]


planta ng koryente

planta ng koryente (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
planta ng kuryente (alternative)


pagmimina

From pag- + mina with initial reduplication.


senyas

Borrowed from Spanish señas, from seña, from Old Spanish, from Latin signa, plural of signum.


kabilugan ng buwan

kabilugan ng buwán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜒᜎᜓᜄᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔)

kabilugan ng buwán (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜒᜎᜓᜄᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “roundness of the moon”, or more loosely translated as “time when the moon is round”.


legwas

ᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
leguas (alternative)
legwa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish leguas, plural of legua (“league”).

1700s, José de la Cruz, Ibong Adarna

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Husto ngang dalauang arao bago niya nahauanan, at tatlong leguas ang lagay nang dalauang sinusundan.

Ang sabi ni ina ako'y natutulog, sa bahay sa kintang malapit sa bundok, pumasok ang ibong pang-amoy ay abot, hanggang tatlong legwas sa patay na hayop.

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya:


gantihan

gántíhan (canonical)
ᜄᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

reciprocity; mutual exchange; interchange

exchange (of letters, accusations, etc.)


silya elektrika

tl-noun

silya eléktriká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ)

silya eléktriká (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


kawkaw

act of submerging and moving one's hands on water or liquid inside a container

act of barking of a dog at something unseen


kamkam

usurpation; appropriating of something as one's own


alinlangan

alinlangan (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

[ʔɐ.lɪn̪ˈlaː.ŋɐn̪]


kadiliman

ᜃᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kariliman (alternative)
karimlan (alternative syncope)

From dilim + ka- -an. Doublet of karimlan.


diyablo

ᜇᜒᜌᜊ᜔ᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
diablo (alternative)
dyablo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish diablo, from Late Latin diabolus, from Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos).


lagutok

short, sharp, snapping sound (from popping joints or burning objects)


itim na tupa

itím na tupa (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜆᜓᜉ)

itím na tupa (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜆᜓᜉ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˌt̪ɪm n̪ɐ ˈt̪uː.pɐ]

Ayaw marahil nitong magkaroon ng isang kagurong anak sa pagkakasala o isang bastarda. Dahil sila'y naglilingkod sa isang paaralang ari ng Simbahan? Dahil sa si Leonida'y maputi at ayaw nitong magkaroon ng kasamang isang itim na tupa?

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see itim, na, tupa.


dakdak

(colloquial) person that speaks out of turn


dakdak

act of pushing someone's head hard against something while holding it

bumping; collision (of one's face against something hard)

act of driving in a sharp stake into the soil


sungsong

sungsóng (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
songsong (alternative)
sunsong (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suŋsuŋ (“go against wind or current”). Compare Pangasinan songsong (“contradict; go against the tide”), Kapampangan tapayan sungsung (“Chinese jar”), Agutaynen tongtong (“go against the current”), Cebuano salungsung (“go directly against the current”). Tausug Sungsung (“China”), Malay songsong (“opposite direction”), and Javanese ꦤꦸꦁꦱꦸꦁ (nungsung, “go upstream, toward the source”). See also Sungsong. According to Blust and Trussel (2010), the attribution to China is presumably connected with sailing problems in reaching mainland China from the Philippines.

cog

act of going against the current or wind (such as when sailing)


tanggal

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgal. Compare Kapampangan tanggal, Cebuano tanggal and Malay tanggal.

act of dismissing (someone from a job, office, etc.)


garapon

[ɡɐ.ɾɐˈpon̪]

large, wide-mouthed jar (usually made of glass)


Fukien

ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Fookien (alternative)
Pukyen (alternative)

From the Postal Romanization of the Nanjing court dialect Mandarin 福建 (Fújiàn), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Doublet of Hokkien. Compare Spanish Fokien, Portuguese Foquiem.

(colloquial) A group of Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in southern Fujian, South China, especially those that ancestrally spoke the Hokkien language


milyonaryo

tl-noun

milyonaryo (feminine milyonarya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

milyonarya (feminine)
ᜋᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
milyunaryo (alternative)


sunod

sunód (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
sonor (alternative)
sunor (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sunúd (“next; to follow in succession”).

inh

act of obeying; act of following (orders, instructions, etc.)

act of following a model or plan (in making something)


magugulatin

tl-noun

magugulatín (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜓᜄᜓᜎᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

magugulatín (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜓᜄᜓᜎᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.ɣʊ.ɣʊ.lɐˈt̪ɪn̪]

From gulat + ma- -in, with reduplication on root word.


istorbo

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of estorbo.


tagpuan

[t̪ɐɡˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

rendezvous; meeting place; gathering place; tryst


kunsintidor

kunsintidór (feminine kunsintidora, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

kunsintidór (canonical)
kunsintidora (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


kunsintidora

kunsintidora (masculine kunsintidor, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇ)

kunsintidor (masculine)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)


impormante

impormante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

informer (person who tells authorities about improper or illegal activity)


samot

(obsolete) very negligible portion of (used in certain expressions)


sentido komun

sentido komún (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈ᜔)

sentido komún (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sentido-komun (alternative)
sintido-komun (alternative)
sintido-kumun (alternative)


diktadurya

diktaduryá or diktadurya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌ)

diktaduryá (canonical)
diktadurya (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


pananabotahe

pananabotahe (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜈᜊᜓᜆᜑᜒ)

From pan- + sabotahe with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


imprastruktura

imprastruktura (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
imprastraktura (alternative)

[ʔɪm.pɾɐs.t̪ɾʊkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English infrastructure, and influenced by Spanish infraestructura.

pseudo-loan

(common) alternative form of impraestruktura


imprastraktura

tl-noun

imprastraktura (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
imprastruktura (alternative)

[ʔɪm.pɾɐs.t̪ɾɐkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


init ng ulo

init ng ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

ᜁᜈᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔiː.n̪ɪt̪ n̪ɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]


matatakutin

matatakutín (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜆᜃᜓᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

matatakutín (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜆᜃᜓᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From takot + ma- -in, with reduplication on root word.

person who easily becomes scared or fearful


isnabero

isnabero (feminine isnabera, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜈᜊᜒᜇᜓ)

[ʔɪs.n̪ɐˈbɛː.ɾo]

snobbish person (usually by ignoring people)


isnabera

[ʔɪs.n̪ɐˈbɛː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of isnabero: female snobbish person (usually by ignoring people)


bulakbol

bulakból (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜃ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bulakbul (alternative)

truant; slacker; shirker (from school or work)


pison

Borrowed from Spanish pisón (“rolling hammer”), with semantic shift to steamroller by analogy with apisonadora.


orasyon

[ʔo.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish oración, from Latin ōrātiō.


populasyon

tl-noun

populasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

populasyón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English population (with población as the corresponding Spanish word).


lasenggero

tl-noun

lasenggero (feminine lasenggera, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜇᜓ)

lasenggera (feminine)
ᜎᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[lɐ.sɛŋˈɡɛː.ɾo]


bakawan

Rhizophora mucronata
Wikispecies:Rhizophora mucronata

(botany) loop-root mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata)

(colloquial) low-quality local cigarette (usually homemade)


sitwasyon

sitwasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

sitwasyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
situwasyon (alternative nonstandard)


inspirasyon

inspirasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

inspirasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ispirasyon (alternative)

[ʔɪn̪s.pɪ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish inspiración, from Late Latin īnspīrātiō.


atraksyon

atraksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

atraksyón (canonical)
ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.t̪ɾɐkˈʃon̪]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of atraksiyon.


asasinasyon

asásinasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜐᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

asásinasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜐᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
asesinasyon (alternative)

[ʔɐˌsaː.sɪ.n̪ɐˈʃon̪]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English assassination, influenced by Spanish -ación. The proper Spanish term is Spanish asesinato.


komemorasyon

tl-noun

komemorasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜋᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

komemorasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜋᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


konsentrasyon

konsentrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konsentrasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

concentration; concentrated product (product of reducing the volume of a liquid)

(chemistry) concentration (amount of solute)

(military) concentration of forces or attack


koneksyon

koneksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

koneksyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of koneksiyon.


detonasyon

detonasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

detonasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


pederasyon

pederasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

pederasyón (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɛ.d̪ɛ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]


imigrasyon

imigrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

imigrasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.mɪ.ɡɾɐˈʃon̪]

(common) alternative form of inmigrasyon


instruksyon

instruksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

instruksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊkˈʃon̪]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of instruksiyon.


opsiyon

opsiyón (canonical)
ᜂᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
opsyon (alternative)


oposisyon

oposisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

oposisyón (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


polusyon

polusyón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


prediksyon

prediksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

prediksyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of prediksiyon.


prebensiyon

prebensiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

prebensiyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish prevención with semantic loan from English prevention.


reaksyon

reaksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

reaksyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ʔɐkˈʃon̪]


sirkulasyon

sirkulasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

sirkulasyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

circulation (of a publication, money, etc.)


konsolasyon

konsolasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konsolasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish consolación, from Latin cōnsōlātiōnem.


regulasyon

regulasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

regulasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ɣʊ.lɐˈʃon̪]


modernisasyon

modernisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

modernisasyón (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


translasyon

translasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

translasyón (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English translation, influenced by Spanish traslación.


pagdiriwang

tl-noun

pagdiriwang (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜏᜅ᜔)

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.d̪ɪˈɾiː.wɐŋ]

From pag- + diwang, with initial reduplication of diwang and allophonic lenition of /d/ to /r/ between vowels.


rebelasyon

rebelasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rebelasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

(photography) development of film or print


anabaptista

anabaptista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜊᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜈᜊᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

alternative letter-case form of Anabaptista


panggatong

[pɐŋˈɡaː.t̪oŋ]

fuel (such as firewood, coal, or gasoline)


ingit

ingít (canonical)
ᜁᜅᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
ing̃it (alternative)
iñgit (alternative)

whimper; low, whining cry (as of babies, small animals, etc.)

creaking or grating sound due to friction (of doors, windows, etc.)


imbentaryo

imbentaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


petisyon

petisyón (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish petición, from Latin petitiōnem.


hurisdiksyon

hurisdiksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

hurisdiksyón (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of hurisdiksiyon.


benepisyo

benepisyo (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish beneficio, from Latin beneficium.


agam-agam

ᜀᜄᜋ᜔ᜀᜄᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
agamagam (alternative)

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐm ˈʔaː.ɣɐm]

doubt; worry; anxiety; foreboding; misgiving


puntirya

puntiryá (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


restawran

restawrán or restawran (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜏ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔)

restawrán (canonical)
restawran (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜏ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
restauran (alternative dated)

[ɾɛs.t̪aʊ̯ˈɾan̪]

[ɾɛsˈt̪aʊ̯.ɾɐn̪]

Possibly a pseudo-Hispanism, from English restaurant, possibly influenced by Spanish restorán.


kuwenta

ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
kuenta (alternative obsolete)
kwenta (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cuenta, from Latin computāre.

computation; calculation; reckoning; determining of the total amount

value; importance; worth (of an object or act)


konotasyon

konotasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konotasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


denotasyon

denotasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

denotasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


panulukan

pánulúkan (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜓᜎᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


beripikasyon

beripikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

beripikasyón (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜇᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kumpirmasyon

kumpirmasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kumpirmasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kompirmasyon (alternative)


kontribusyon

kontribusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kontribusyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


ahente

[ʔɐˈhɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish agente (“agent”), from Latin agentem.

middleman (intermediate dealer between manufacturer and the retailer or customer)


tambangan

place where one ties a gamecock to a peg

place strategically located for setting up traps or snares


pagpapatiwakal

pagpapatiwakál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜆᜒᜏᜃᜎ᜔)

pagpapatiwakál (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜆᜒᜏᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + patiwakal with partial reduplication.


kaisang-dibdib

kaisáng-dibdíb (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜁᜐᜅ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔)

kaisáng-dibdíb (canonical)
ᜃᜁᜐᜅ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
kaisandibdib (alternative)

[kɐ.ʔɪˌsan̪ d̪ɪbˈd̪ɪb̚]

From ka- + isang-dibdib, which came from isa (“one”) + dibdib (“chest; heart”).


simplipikasyon

simplipikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

simplipikasyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


implikasyon

implikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

implikasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


punto de bista

punto de bista (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


tawag ng laman

tawag ng lamán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜋᜈ᜔)

tawag ng lamán (canonical)
ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kamunduhan

kamunduhán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

kamunduhán (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


delikadesa

ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜃᜇᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
delicadeza (alternative)
dilikadesa (alternative)

(by extension) value of protecting the honor of one's family


kamukha

kamukhâ (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)
camoc-ha (alternative)


perwisyo

ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


pagpupugay

pagpupugay (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜄᜌ᜔)

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + pugay with partial reduplication.


pugot

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pugut.

inh+

removal of something unnecessary using a bladed object

(derogatory, ethnic slur, capitalized) Aeta; Negrito


panliligaw

tl-noun

panliligaw (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜄᜏ᜔)

ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜄᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pan- + ligaw with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


obligasyon

obligasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

obligasyón (canonical)
ᜂᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


polisiya

Borrowed from English policy with interference from Spanish policía (“police officer, policeman”), from Middle French policie, from Late Latin politia, classical Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of palisi, pulis, and pulisya.


polisiya

Borrowed from Spanish policía (“police officer, policeman”). See more at pulisya.


kuskos-balungos

tl-noun

kuskós-balungos (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜅᜓᜐ᜔)

kuskós-balungos (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜅᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuskusbalungos (alternative)
kuskus-balungos (alternative)

Uncertain, but it can literally mean “scraping a fish's snout” (from kuskos (“to scrape; to rub”) and balungos (“fish's snout”)), or a borrowing from Cebuano kuskos balungos (literally “scratching one's pubic hair”).

bor

Inaasahan naming pagdating sa bahaging ito ay “napagsaluhan” na natin ang “ piging” - isang masaganang hapag ng mga putaheng pampanitikan na handog sa atin ni Ka Roger. Nang wala nang marami pang pasakalye at kuskos-balungos.

1998, Rogelio L. Ordoñez, Saan papunta ang mga putok ?:

We expect at this part, we will "share" the "feast" - a lavish table of literary recipes out brother Roger provided us. [But], without lots of introductory ceremonies and fuss.

fuss; excessive activity, worry, talk, complaint, or details about something (that causes delay)


bagsik

bagsík (canonical)
ᜊᜄ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bagsic (alternative)


paghihiganti

tl-noun

paghihigantí (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜄᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

paghihigantí (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜄᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.hɪ.hɪ.ɣɐn̪ˈt̪ɪ]

From pag- + higanti with partial reduplication.


tseke

Borrowed from Spanish cheque, from English cheque, variant of check. Doublet of hake, tsek, and tses.


panunuya

From pan- + tuya (“taunt; insult; jeer”) with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


bulyaw

bulyáw (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
boliyauo (alternative)
buliyao (alternative)
bulyawo (alternative)


parusa

From pa- + dusa (“suffering”). Compare Bikol Central padusa.


laganap

[lɐˈɣaː.n̪ɐp̚]


kindat

kindát (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
qindat (alternative)
quindat (alternative)


sekswalidad

sekswalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

sekswalidád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of seksuwalidad.


manghihipo

manghihipò (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜉᜓ)

manghihipò (canonical)
ᜋᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

groper; someone who gropes, especially for sexual pleasure


tigasin

[ˌt̪iːˈɣaː.sɪn̪]

person looked upon as a powerful individual


mantenedor

mantenedór (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

mantenedór (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


higa

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hidəʀáq. Compare Ilocano idda, Bikol Central higda, Cebuano higda, Waray-Waray higda, and Maranao iga'.


presyur

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English pressure, from Old French, from Latin pressūra, from pressō (“I press”), from pressus, perfect passive participle of premō (“I press”). Doublet of presyon.


kampyon

kampyón (canonical)
ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


relokasyon

tl-noun

relokasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

relokasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English relocation, and influenced by Spanish -ción.


espesyalista

tl-noun

espesyalista (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


irigasyon

irigasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

irigasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.ɾɪ.ɣɐˈʃon̪]

[ʔɪ.ɾɪ.ɣɐsˈjon̪]

douche; douching (especially vaginal irrigation)


aplikasyon

aplikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

aplikasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish aplicación, from Latin applicātiō.


publikasyon

publikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

publikasyón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


praktikal

praktikál (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜎ᜔)

praktikál (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English practical, and influenced by ultimate stress in Spanish.


eksplanasyon

tl-noun

eksplanasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eksplanasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
esplanasyon (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English explanation, and influenced by Spanish -ción. (with explicación as the corresponding Spanish word). See also Spanish explanación (“levelling (of ground)”).


testimonya

tl-noun

testimonya (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜌ)

ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English testimony, and influenced by Spanish -ia.


mikrobyo

ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish microbio, from French microbe, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) + βίος (bíos, “life”).

(microbiology) microbe; microorganism; germ


teorya

ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
teoriya (alternative)
teoria (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish teoría, from Late Latin theōria (“contemplation, speculation”), from Ancient Greek θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”).

der

explanation; idea or opinion about something


balae

ᜊᜎᜁ (Baybayin)
balai (alternative obsolete)
balayi (alternative obsolete)
balaye (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *balaqih. Compare Tausug bāi, Cebuano balaye and Saisiyat balih.


paliwanag

ᜉᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
paliuanag (alternative)

From pa- + liwanag, literally “enlightenment”.


ebidensya

tl-noun

ebidensya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜊᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛ.bɪˈd̪ɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ebidensiya.


anunsyo

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of anunsiyo.


sangkot

sangkót (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sangcot (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋkut. Compare Indonesian sangkut.

implication; involvement; condition of being dragged into an affair (usually unintentionally)


pampasabog

pampasabog (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜐᜊᜓᜄ᜔)


negosyante

negosyante (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


negosyador

negosyadór (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

negosyadór (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɛ.ɣo.ʃɐˈd̪oɾ]


tagapamagitan

tagapamagitan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜉᜋᜄᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜄᜉᜋᜄᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tagapamag-itan (alternative)

[t̪ɐ.ɣɐ.pɐ.mɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐn̪]


kambyo

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kambiyo.


silinyador

silinyadór (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

silinyadór (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Corruption of Spanish acelerador. Doublet of aselerador.


pulikat

ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜃᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
pulicat (alternative)


pahinante

→ Philippine Spanish: paginante

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish fajinante /faginante (“worker; porter”), from fajina (“work”) + -ante.

bor+

game master; route guide for parading musicians during fiestas


dispatser

tl-noun

dispatser (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪsˈpaː.t͡ʃɛɾ]


kasal sa huwes

kasál sa huwés (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜎ᜔ ᜐ ᜑᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔)

kasál sa huwés (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜎ᜔ ᜐ ᜑᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “marriage [in front of] a judge”.


pagbasa ng sakdal

tl-noun

pagbasa ng sakdál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜐ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔)

pagbasa ng sakdál (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜐ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


asukarera

[ʔɐ.sʊ.xɐˈɾɛː.ɾɐ]


sipon

sipón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sip-on (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sip(ə)qun (cf. Cebuano sip-on).

(pathology) common cold; acute nasal congestion


surot

From earlier *sūdut, from Proto-Central Philippine *suldut (“bedbug”). Compare Kapampangan suldut and Waray-Waray sudlot.

reprimand accompanied by an accusing finger

making of a flaunting remark about a debt of gratitude (at someone)

a species of first-class rice (the unhusked grains of which have feeler-like projections at one end)


sira-ulo

sirâ-ulo or sirà-ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇᜂᜎᜓ)

sirâ-ulo (canonical)
sirà-ulo (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
siraulo (alternative)

From sira + ulo, literally “broken-head”.


kumpiyansa

kumpiyansa (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜈ᜔ᜐ)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
kompiyansa (alternative)
kompyansa (alternative)
kumpyansa (alternative)


kumpiyansa sa sarili

kumpiyansa sa sarili (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜈ᜔ᜐ ᜐ ᜐᜇᜒᜎᜒ)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜈ᜔ᜐ ᜐ ᜐᜇᜒᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
kompiyansa sa sarili (alternative)
kumpyansa sa sarili (alternative)


samantala

Borrowed from Malay sementara (“while; for a time; temporary”), from Sanskrit समान्तर (samāntara, “parallel; interval of a year”).

der

act of taking advantage (as of an oppportunity)


tanigi

tanigì (canonical)
ᜆᜈᜒᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
tangginggi (alternative)
tanige (alternative)
tanigui (alternative)
tanigue (alternative)

[t̪ɐˈn̪iː.ɣɪʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋiʀi (“Spanish mackerel, kingfish: Scomberomorini spp.”). Compare Ilocano tanggigi, Pangasinan tangingi, Kapampangan tangginggi, Cebuano tangigi, Maranao tangigi, Javanese ꦠꦼꦔꦶꦫꦶ (tengiri), and Malay tenggiri.

inh

Scomberomorus commerson
Wikispecies:Scomberomorus commerson

(strictly) narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson)


paratang

[pɐˈɾaː.t̪ɐŋ]

Possibly from pa- + datang (“scold someone so that they understand”).

af

datang<t:scold someone so that they understand>


manghuhula

manghuhulà (canonical)
ᜋᜅ᜔ᜑᜓᜑᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
manhohola (alternative)
manghohola (alternative)


pulmunya

pulmunyá (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of pulmonya.


sumpong

sumpóng (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sompong (alternative)

fit; attack (of cough, disease, pain, etc.)

whim; caprice; vagary; sudden change of mind without any reason

tantrum; moodiness (especially of a child)

accidental discovery; accidental finding


Pariseo

Borrowed from Spanish fariseo, from Latin Pharisaeus.


di-pagkakaunawaan

tl-noun

dî-pagkakaunawaán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜂᜈᜏᜀᜈ᜔)

dî-pagkakaunawaán (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜂᜈᜏᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd̪ɪʔ pɐɡ.kɐ.xɐ.ʔʊ.n̪ɐ.wɐˈʔan̪]


prusisyon

prusisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

prusisyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish procesión, from Latin prōcessiō.

procession (group of people or things moving along in an orderly manner, especially in religious events)


demonstrasyon

demonstrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

demonstrasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English demonstration, and influenced by Spanish demostración.


aktibismo

tl-noun

aktibismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish activismo. By surface analysis, aktibo + -ismo.


kahera

female equivalent of kahero: lady cashier


deliberasyon

deliberasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜊᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

deliberasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜊᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


empleyado

empleyado (feminine empleyada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ)

empleyada (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


empleyada

female equivalent of empleyado (“employee”)


ibabaw

From Proto-Austronesian *i babaw (“above, on top of”), from Proto-Austronesian *babaw (“upper surface, top; highlands; on, upon, over, above”). By surface analysis, i- + babaw. Cognate with Paiwan vavaw (“up, above”), Kavalan babaw (“upper surface, upper part, top”), Palauan bab (“area/space above, top, surface”), and Maori waho (“outside”). The i- prefix is likely related to the Proto-Austronesian *i (location marker) (cf. ito, ilalim, itaas, ilaya).

cog

Cassia fistula
Cassia fistula#Translingual


babaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawbaw (“shallow”). Compare Tetum fohon.

shoal; shallow (place where water is shallow)


patong

Bikol Central: patong

act of placing something on top of another


inhenyero

tl-noun

inhenyero (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
inhinyero (alternative)

[ʔɪn̪.hɛnˈɲɛː.ɾo]

[ʔɪn̪.hɛn̪ˈjɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish ingeniero, from French ingénieur. By surface analysis, inhenyo + -ero.


pederalismo

pederalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
federalismo (alternative)


diktador

diktadór (feminine diktadora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

diktadór (canonical)
diktadora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish dictador, from Latin dictatorem.


diktadora

[d̪ɪk.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of diktador: female dictator


bulalas

bulalás or bulalas (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜎᜐ᜔)

bulalás (canonical)
bulalas (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

sudden outburst of emotions; paroxysm (of crying, laughter, etc.)

venting; foaming out (of passion or anger)


demolisyon

demolisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

demolisyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish demolición, from Latin dēmōlītiō.


halughog

halughóg (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜑᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

ransacking of a place to search for something

searching for concealed objects on someone's body


malik-mata

malík-matá (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜆ (Baybayin)


bangkarote

ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃᜇᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
bangkarota (alternative)

[bɐŋ.kɐˈɾoː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish bancarrota (“bankrupt”), from Italian bancarotta.


saklay

crutch (especially with a crosspiece on top that fits the armpit)

crosspiece or stud used to secure the ridge or top of a roof (especially of a nipa house)

saddle-like device with a pair of studs used for carrying loads on the back of a horse

load placed on the back of a horse (on such a device)


siksik

From Proto-Austronesian *səksək (“to stuff, cram in; be crowded”). Compare Ilocano seksek, Kapampangan saksak, Bikol Central saksak, Cebuano suksok, and Malay sesak. Doublet of saksak.

inh

forcing of oneself into a crowd, small opening, etc.

condition of being crammed, thickly crowded, packed or stuffed tightly


siksikan

condition of being crowded or packed; crowding


establisimiyento

tl-noun

establisimiyento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜋᜒᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜋᜒᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


unang pag-ibig

unang pag-ibig (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔)

ᜂᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔuː.n̪ɐm pɐɡˈʔiː.bɪɡ̚]

From una (“first”) + -ng (“enclitic suffix”) + pag-ibig (“love”).

compound

first love (first experience of love or the first person loved)


tunay na pag-ibig

tl-noun

tunay na pag-ibig (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜈᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜈᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪uː.n̪aɪ̯ n̪ɐ pɐɡˈʔiː.bɪɡ̚]


iskedyul

iskedyul (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜎ᜔)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪsˈkɛː.d͡ʒʊl]

Borrowed from English schedule, from Old French cedule, from Late Latin schedula (“papyrus strip”). Doublet of sedula.


disenyo

[d̪ɪˈsɛː.ɲo]


konstitusyon

konstitusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konstitusyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish constitución, from Latin cōnstitūtio, cōnstitūtiōnem.

Konstitusyon ng Malolos

physical constitution of the body; physique

things or items that are used to constitute a thing


aktwal

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of aktuwal.


paboritismo

paboritismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜊᜓᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜊᜓᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish favoritismo. By surface analysis, paborito + -ismo.


diskriminasyon

diskriminasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

diskriminasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


impeksyon

impeksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

impeksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of impeksiyon.


inspeksyon

inspeksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

inspeksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of inspeksiyon.


ritwal

ritwál (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
rituwal (alternative)


seleksyon

seleksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

seleksyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of seleksiyon.


bugso

sudden rush; blast (of rain, wind, storm, fire, disease, etc.)

massing of crowds (of people, animals, etc.)|

sudden abundance (of goods in the market, harvest, etc.)


aborsyon

aborsyon or aborsyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

aborsyon (canonical)
aborsyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of aborsiyon.


alibughang anak

alibugháng anák (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜓᜄ᜔ᜑᜅ᜔ ᜀᜈᜃ᜔)

alibugháng anák (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜓᜄ᜔ᜑᜅ᜔ ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.lɪ.bʊɡˌhaŋ ʔɐˈn̪ak̚]

A reference to the book of Luke 15:11–32 in the Bible.


solusyon

solusyón (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish solución, from Latin solūtiōnem, solūtiō.

solution (homogeneous mixture formed by dissolving)


pananaw

[pɐ.n̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]


sumakabilang-buhay

sumakabiláng-buhay (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜋᜃᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔)

sumakabiláng-buhay (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜋᜃᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From sa kabilang buhay + -um-, literally “to move to the next life”. The root can also be analyzed as sa- + kabilang buhay.


sosyalista

tl-noun

sosyalista (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish socialista (“socialist”).


kartero

[kɐɾˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]


nginig

alternative form of kinig (“shiver; chill”)


inagurasyon

tl-noun

inagurasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜄᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

inagurasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜄᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
inaugurasyon (alternative)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ɣʊ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ɣʊ.ɾɐsˈjon̪]


ideolohiya

ideolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ideolohia (alternative)
ideyolohiya (alternative)


kolateral

kolaterál (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜆᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

(finance) collateral (security or guarantee)


kaanak

[kɐˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


epekto

Borrowed from Spanish efecto. Doublet of epek.


kumpuni

kumpuní (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
kompone (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish componer, from Latin compōnere.


kapabayaan

kapabayaán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜊᜌᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
capabayaan (alternative)


institusyon

institusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

institusyón (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɪ.t̪ʊˈʃon̪]


kropek

→ English: kropeck (“prawn crackers”)

Possibly from English kroepoek, from Dutch kroepoek, from Javanese ꦏꦿꦸꦥꦸꦏ꧀ (krupuk), inherited from Old Javanese kěrupuk (“crunchy flake”). Compare Malay keropok, Indonesian kerupuk, Dutch kroepoek.

kropek (Philippine prawn crackers, sometimes also made with fish)


sedisyon

sedisyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sedición, from Latin sēditiōnem.


bigamya

bigamya or bigamyá (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜄᜋ᜔ᜌ)

bigamya (canonical)
bigamyá (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄᜋ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
bigamiya (alternative)


hirit

[ˈhiː.ɾɪt̪̚]


butaka

butaka or butakà (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜆᜃ)

butaka (canonical)
butakà (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜃ (Baybayin)

orchestra seat (in a theater or showhouse)

orchestra section (in a theater or showhouse)


benepisyaryo

benepisyaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish beneficiario, from Latin beneficiārius.


prinsipyo

prinsipyo (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish principio, from Latin prī̆ncipium.


ratipikasyon

ratipikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

ratipikasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


ugnay

point of connection or attachment; joint

state or condition of being connected or related to each other


kaugnayan

[kɐ.ʔʊɡˈn̪aː.jɐn̪]

connection; relation; relationship; correlation


palusot

From pa- + lusot, literally “something for passing through”.


pamamahayag

pamámahayág (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜋᜑᜌᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pam- + pahayag with initial reduplication.


lagaslas

sound of swift, flowing water over sand, pebbles, or rocks (as in rapids)

swift flow of water over the rapids or a shallow part of a river


katungkulan

tl-noun

katungkulan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
catongcolan (alternative)
catungcolan (alternative)


katungkulan

katungkulán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔)

katungkulán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
catongcolan (alternative)
catungcolan (alternative)


sabunot

ᜐᜊᜓᜈᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sabonot (alternative)
sambunot (alternative)

act of pulling or grabbing someone by their hair


sakit ng ulo

sakít ng ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

sakít ng ulo (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜒᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
sakit-ulo (alternative)
sakit sa ulo (alternative)

[sɐˌxɪt̪ n̪ɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]

(figurative) nuisance; anything that causes a great burden


bigti

bigtí or bigtî (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜄ᜔ᜆᜒ)

bigtí (canonical)
bigtî (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
bicti (alternative)
bikti (alternative)

From earlier bikti. The /k/ before /t/ changed to /ɡ/ due to Spanish-influenced stop voicing.


pagpapatupad

pagpapatupád (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜆᜓᜉᜇ᜔)

pagpapatupád (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜆᜓᜉᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
pagpapatupar (alternative)

From pag- + patupad with initial reduplication. The root comes from tupad.


kuwalipikasyon

kuwalipikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜏᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kuwalipikasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kwalipikasyon (alternative)


tiyempo

Borrowed from Spanish tiempo, from Latin tempus.

timing; use of proper timing (in one's actions)


tawag ng tungkulin

tawag ng tungkulin (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪aː.wɐɡ n̪ɐn̪ t̪ʊŋˈkuː.lɪn̪]

call of duty (what one's duty obliges one to do)


detalye

Borrowed from Spanish detalle, from French détail, from Middle French détail, from Old French detail.


sukot

cowering; cringing; hiding around with head bowed or lowered (due to fear, shame, humiliation, loss, etc.)


suhestyon

suhestyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

suhestyón (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of suhestiyon.


bilyon

Borrowed from Spanish billón, with a semantic shift influenced by English billion.


sayawan

sáyáwan or sayawan (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜌᜏᜈ᜔)

sáyáwan (canonical)
sayawan (canonical)
ᜐᜌᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sayauan (alternative)

dancing together (of a group in a party)


bunsod

bunsód (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bongsor (alternative)
bunsor (alternative)
bungsod (alternative obsolete)
bungsor (alternative obsolete)

initiation; launch (of an activity, etc.)


higanta

Borrowed from Spanish giganta (“giantess”).

bor+

female equivalent of higante: giantess; female giant


tsika

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
chika (alternative)
chica (alternative)


hudas

After Hudas, from Spanish Judas, from Ancient Greek Ἰούδας (Ioúdas), from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (y'hudá), named after Judas Iscariot.


pensyonado

tl-noun

pensyonado (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of pensiyonado.


pensyon

pensyón (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of pensiyon.


rekomendasyon

rekomendasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rekomendasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


disposisyon

disposisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

disposisyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
dispusisyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish disposición, from Latin dispositiōnem, accusative singular of dispositiō, from dispōnō.

disposition (tendency or inclination under given circumstances)

arrangement or placement of certain things (objects, soldiers, etc.)

(law) transfer or relinquishment to the care or possession of another (and the final decision thereof)

control over the disposing or dispensing of something (of funds, etc.)


kooperasyon

kooperasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kooperasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

cooperation; act of cooperating (with someone)


korporasyon

korporasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜉᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

korporasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜉᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


antisipasyon

antisipasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜒᜉᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

antisipasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜒᜉᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish anticipación, or possibly a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English anticipation due to its late earliest attestation in the 1970's. Ultimately from Latin anticipātiō, anticipātiōnem.

pseudo-loan

...hoarders ng gasolina, binanggit ni Hen. Ramos ang mga insidente noong nakaraang buwan, nang itigil ng mga gasolinahan ang pagbibili ng gasolina bilang antisipasyon sa pagtaas ng halaga ng panggatong, dalawang araw pagkatapos na ihayag ito sa media.

...gasoline hoarders, mentioned by General Ramos' incidents last month, when gas stations stopped selling fuel in anticipation of a fuel price increase, two days after it was revealed to the media.


amplipikasyon

tl-noun

amplipikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

amplipikasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
amplipikasiyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish amplificación. By surface analysis, amplipika + -syon.


kongregasyon

kongregasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kongregasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
konggregasyon (alternative)

[koŋ.ɡɾɛ.ɣɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish congregación, from Latin congregātiō.


ahito

ahito or áhitó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜑᜒᜆᜓ)

ahito (canonical)
áhitó (canonical)
ᜀᜑᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ahíto but the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/.


sibilisasyon

sibilisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

sibilisasyón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

culture; way of living (of a race or nation)


bangkiling

bangkilíng (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

bangkilíng (canonical)
ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
banquiling (alternative)

[bɐŋ.kɪˈlɪŋ]

Otaheite gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus) (tree and fruit)


tindalo

tindalò or tindaló (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ)

tindalò (canonical)
tindaló (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ (Baybayin)


tuwang

tuwáng (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
touang (alternative)

act of carrying a load with another (as a partner)

act of dancing with another (as a partner)

act of being a cosponsor with another (as in someone's baptism, confirmation, or marriage)


singkuwenta

singkuwenta (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
singkwenta (alternative)
sinkuwenta (alternative)


rambol

rumble; street brawl (especially between gangs)


pataw

weight (such as a dumbbell) tied to the foot

something imposed (such as interest, penalties, punishment, taxes, etc.)


opinyon

opinyón (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


giyera

ᜄᜒᜌᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
gera (alternative)
giera (alternative obsolete)
gira (alternative obsolete)
guierra (alternative)
guiera (alternative)
guerra (alternative)

From Philippine Spanish guierra, variant of Spanish guerra, from Early Medieval Latin werra, from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”). The insertion of /j/ glide (⟨-i-⟩ / ⟨-iy-⟩) after /ɡ/, in Philippine Spanish is possibly due to palatalization of /ɡ/ before front vowel /e/ in some Spanish dialects. Compare Chilean Spanish guierra, Aragonese guierra, and Istriot guiera.


kampanya

kampanya or kampanyá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌ)

kampanya (canonical)
kampanyá (canonical)
ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


tagapagsalita

tagapagsalitâ (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜆ)

tagapagsalitâ (canonical)
ᜆᜄᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜆ (Baybayin)


disiplina

Borrowed from Spanish disciplina (“discipline”), from Latin disciplīna. Doublet of suplina.

bor+

Hindi madidisiplina ang ating kababayan sapagkat walang disiplina ang gobyerno.

2005, Soledad S. Reyes, A Dark Tinge to the World: Selected Essays, 1987-2005, →ISBN, page 191:

Our countrymen can not be disciplined because the government doesn't have discipline.


imahe

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English image, and influenced by Spanish imagen.


marmol

tl-noun

marmól or marmol (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜎ᜔)

marmól (canonical)
marmol (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish mármol (“marble”).


kuweba

ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜊ (Baybayin)
kueba (alternative obsolete)
kweba (alternative)


asusena

[ʔɐ.sʊˈsɛː.n̪ɐ]


mantsa

mantsá (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
mansa (alternative)


labuyo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *labúyuq. Compare Cebuano labuyo, Ilocano abuyo, and Kapampangan labuyu.

inh+

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual


kriminalidad

tl-noun

kriminalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

kriminalidád (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


bariles

ᜊᜇᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
barilis (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish barriles, plural of barril.


junakis

From earlier junak, from gay slang prefix ju- + anak.


ogag

"Ba't di nag-smile ang ogag? Wala na, Talo na!" pagrereklamo ni Venos.

fool; stupid person; contemptible person


ikawalo

ikawaló (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜏᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
icaualo (alternative)

From ika- + walo (“eight”). Compare Cebuano ikawalo.


sanggumay

[sɐŋˈɡuː.maɪ̯]

Allegedly a blend of sangsang (“stench”) + umay (“tiresome, satiety”).

blend

Dendrobium anosmum
Wikispecies:Dendrobium anosmum

unscented dendrobium, a pink orchid (Dendrobium anosmum)

Dendrobium crumenatum
Wikispecies:Dendrobium crumenatum

pigeon orchid, an orchid with yellow, short-lived flowers (Dendrobium crumenatum)

Dendrobium taurinum
Wikispecies:Dendrobium taurinum

orchids of the genus Dendrobium
bull orchid (Dendrobium taurinum)


Marites

tl-noun

Márités or Marités (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

Márités (canonical)
Marités (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaː.ɾɪˈt̪ɛs]

[mɐ.ɾɪˈt̪ɛs]

Blend of Maria + Teresa, from Spanish María Teresa, from María + Teresa.

(slang) alternative letter-case form of marites


analohiya

Borrowed from Spanish analogía (“analogy”), from Latin analogia, from Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía, “mathematical proportion”).


teknolohiya

tl-noun

teknolohiya or teknolóhiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

teknolohiya (canonical)
teknolóhiyá (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
teknolohia (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Spanish tecnología, ultimately from Ancient Greek τεχνολογία (tekhnología).


diksiyunaryo

diksiyunaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of diksiyonaryo.


ensiklopedya

ensiklopedya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜓᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜓᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish enciclopedia, from New Latin encyclopaedia (“general education”), from Ancient Greek ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ (enkúklios paideíā, “education in the circle of arts and sciences”). Doublet of ensayklopidya.

der

ἐγκύκλιος παιδείᾱ


tesawro

ᜆᜒᜐᜏ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
tesauro (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Spanish tesauro, from Latin thesaurus, from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós). Doublet of tesoro.


bokabularyo

tl-noun

bokabularyo (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃᜊᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜊᜓᜃᜊᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bukabularyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish vocabulario, from Late Latin vocabularium.


diksyonaryo

diksyonaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of diksiyonaryo.


direktoryo

direktoryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


eksaherasyon

eksaherasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜑᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eksaherasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜑᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish exageración, from Latin exaggeratio.


eksorsismo

eksorsismo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


siyam-siyam

siyám-siyám (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔)

siyám-siyám (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Reduplication of siyam (“nine”). The sense “monsoon rain” from days of continuous rain, ranging around nine days, used to mark the beginning of the rainy season usually by the end of the month of May.

wet spell; monsoon rain that usually lasts for more than a week


pareha

Borrowed from Spanish pareja, from Late Latin pāriculus, a diminutive of Latin pār. Doublet of parehas.


sunson

(western Marinduque) act of finding something


Huk

Borrowed from English Huk, a clipping of Hukbalahap, an abbreviation of Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (“People's Army Against the Japanese”). The initial word itself where the abbreviation comes from is hukbo (“army”), derived from Hokkien 服務 /服务 (ho̍k-bū, “service”).

abbrev

Pinayuhan din ni Whitney si MacArthur na magpalabas ng proklamasyong nag-uutos sa mga Huk na isuko ang kanilang armas sa "pinakamalapit na komandante ng US military..."48

1996, Renato Constantino, Ang bagong lumipas: 1940-1965, University of Philippines Press, →ISBN:

Whitney also advised MacArthur to release a proclamation ordering the Huks to surrender their arms to "the nearest US military commander..."


konstelasyon

tl-noun

konstelasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konstelasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish constelación, from Latin cōnstēllātiōnem.


alumahan

ᜀᜎᜓᜋᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lumahan (alternative)

Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta)


talakitok

ᜆᜎᜃᜒᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
talakituk (alternative)
talaquitoc (alternative)

desctree

→ Spanish: taraquito
→ Chamorro: tarakitu
→ English: taraquito

Carangoides bajad
Wikispecies:Carangoides bajad

orange-spotted trevally (Carangoides bajad)


oligarkiya

tl-noun

oligarkiya (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎᜒᜄᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌ)

ᜂᜎᜒᜄᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
oligarkia (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Spanish oligarquía, from Ancient Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía).


sekularismo

sekularismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜃᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish secularismo. By surface analysis, sekular + -ismo.


rayuma

ᜇᜌᜓᜋ (Baybayin)
reuma (alternative)
reyuma (alternative)

→ Tausug: rayuma

Borrowed from Spanish reuma, from Late Latin rheuma, from Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma).


nakaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *takaw. Doublet of takaw.


ebak

ᜁᜊᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
ebs (alternative)
jebs (alternative)

Clipping from English evacuate (“to discharge, as of the bowels”). From the late 1980s. Doublet of bakwet.


kawang-gawa

kawang-gawâ (canonical)
ᜃᜏᜅ᜔ᜄᜏ (Baybayin)

[ˌkaː.wɐŋ ɡɐˈwaʔ]


saksakan

(colloquial) extreme of; epitome of (usually with ng)


kalagayan

state, quality or condition of someone or something


panuntunan

tl-noun

panuntunan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜈᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


langhap

inhalation; breathing in (especially of specific smells, such as perfume, medicinal vapor, food, etc.)


kondena

kondená (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
kundena (alternative)

act of condemning; act of expressing strong disapproval


kabisera

[kɐ.bɪˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


istratehiya

istratehiya or istratéhiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜑᜒᜌ)

istratehiya (canonical)
istratéhiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪs.t̪ɾɐ.t̪ɛˈhiː.ɐ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ɾɐˈt̪ɛː.hjɐ]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of estratehiya.


pagdurugo

pagdurugô (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
pagdudugo (alternative)

[pɐɡ.d̪ʊ.ɾʊˈɣoʔ]

From pag- + dugo with partial reduplication of the root and allophonic lenition of /d/ to /ɾ/ between vowels.


imperyo

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
emperyo (alternative)

Sa pagbagsak ng Imperyo ng Madjapahit ay ang Imperyo naman ng Malacca ang naging makapangyarihan sa Silangan.

1984, Maria S. Ramos, Panitikang Pilipino, Katha Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 12:

After the fall of the Majapahit Empire, it was the Malaccan Empire that became powerful in the East.


bulalo

bulalô or bulaló (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜎᜓ)

bulalô (canonical)
bulaló (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
bolalo (alternative)

bulalo (Philippine beef bone broth dish)

bone marrow from the limbs of cows, pigs, buffaloes, etc.


kasukasuan

kasukasuan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜓᜃᜐᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜐᜓᜃᜐᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
casocasoan (alternative)
kaso-kasuan (alternative)
kasu-kasuan (alternative)

From the reduplication of kaso (“disjointed”) + -an, literally, “junction of the disjointed (parts)”.


ortograpiya

tl-noun

ortograpiya (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ)

ᜂᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ortograpya (alternative)


ponolohiya

ponolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)


durugista

ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
durogista (alternative)

[d̪ʊ.ɾʊˈɣis.t̪ɐ]

From drogista with breaking up of the initial consonant cluster. See more at drogista. The root was reinterpreted as durog (“crushed”) as a pun with the specific form durugista attested only as early as 1980s. Compare Cebuano durugista. Doublet of drogista.

[…] GP (To Interviewer): Tingnan mo yang batang iyan. Hostess na, durugista pa. […]

1983, Mariang aliw: dokyu-drama, page 10:

[…] durugista ay kontento sa "ekis pinoy" at "gin bulag." Sa dilim na lamang ng looban namin nila idinadaos dahil wala naman silang tsikot gamit para pumunta na na maga-kung saan PARS, HUWAG KANG MAGILTI. WALA KANG KASALANAN SA[…]

[…] durugista na pilit niyang kinakatalo. Na-buy-bust yung durugista, naipit, nagturo. Laya ’yung durugista, kulong ’yung bakla. Kumusta na siya ngayon? Ewan ko. Kailan mo siya huling dinalaw? Marami akong ginagawa, 80 Sa[…]

1998, Honorio Bartolome De Dios, Sa labas ng parlor, University of Philippines Press:

[…] durugista, from the root word durug which means to crush. The terms are themselves graphic, with connotations of destruction and loss. As public concern grows, we see an emergence of moral panic translated into political pressure[…]

1999, Michael L. Tan, Good Medicine: Pharmaceuticals and the Construction of Power and Knowledge in the Philippines:

[…] durugista upang pagbigyan ang araw ng mga rispetableng mamamayan. Bago naipalabas ang Manila by Night, kinailangan itong bihisan kahit ng pangalan man lamang. Kinaltas ang lahat ng pagbanggit sa ngalan ng siyudad na pinangyarihan ng[…]

2000, Bienvenido Lumbera, Pag-akda Ng Bansa:

[…] durugista upang pagbigyan ang layaw ng mga rispetableng mamamayan. Bago naipalabas ang Manila by Night, kinailangan itong bihisan kahit ng pangalan man lamang. Kinaltas ang lahat ng pagbanggit sa ngalan ng siyudad na pinangyarihan ng[…]

2005, Bienvenido Lumbera, Bayan at lipunan: ang kritisismo ni Bienvenido L. Lumbera:

[…] durugista? I don’t want to judge that man but there are certain indications that say he uses drugs. He has this head twitch one sees in drug addicts. I really do think his using." "Magpapaimbestiga ako, Eusebia.” "Please.

2014 October 20, Vanessa, Dreams Of Passion 5 - Pedro And Nicci, Precious Pages Corporation:

[…] durugista raw ako, basagulero. At noong bagong dating ako sa probinsiya, isinama ng lola ko ang lahat ng amiga niya sa Bible study group para ipag-pray over ako. Lahat sila ay nagkumpulan sa paligid ko, nakataas ang mga kamay sa ulo ko[…]

2015 May 8, Vanessa, Rock Star Na Walang Stage, Precious Pages Corporation:

[…] durugista. Drug laboratory hindi pa rin masusugpo sa kabila ng pagsusumikap ng pamahalaan na tuluyan itong mawala. Sa kabilang dako, hindi magtatagumpay ang malalaking bansa sa pagsakop sa Pilipinas upang mapasakanila likas natin yaman[…]

2019 October 29, Flerida Ambrocio, THE SECRET OF THE RED BOOK, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 187:

[…] durugista” (so that drug addicts would be frightened), he was quoted as saying. For this viewer and others like him, photos of the dead seemed to confirm that the drug war was succeeding (“Look: Baclaran Church” 2016; “War on Drugs[…]

2021 November 15, Vicente L. Rafael, The Sovereign Trickster: Death and Laughter in the Age of Duterte, Duke University Press, →ISBN:

[…] durugista, nagpakamatay na nga dito for their work pagkatapos, pag uwi nila nakadroga na, kung hindi, nadisgradya ng rape o pinatay dahil sa droga. Yan ang ibig kong sabihin papatayin ko talaga kayo [applause]. Because it is not[…]

2023 April 26, Ofer Feldman, Debasing Political Rhetoric: Dissing Opponents, Journalists, and Minorities in Populist Leadership Communication, Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 97:


danggit

[d̪ɐŋˈɡɪt̪̚]


gunggong

gunggóng (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien 戇戇 /戆戆 (gōng-gōng).


taguri

[t̪ɐ.ɣʊˈɾɪʔ]


talaarawan

tl-noun

taláarawán or talaarawan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜇᜏᜈ᜔)

taláarawán (canonical)
talaarawan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜇᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.ʔɐ.ɾɐˈwan̪]

[t̪ɐ.lɐ.ʔɐˈɾaː.wɐn̪]


talabing

any form of protective screen against the heat of the sun or exposure to weather


talabis

talabís (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜊᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
talibis (alternative)


talima

Compare Malay terima (“acceptance; acknowledgement”); Tausug tayma' (“accept; receive something”) and Arabic تَعَلَّمَ (taʕallama, “to learn”).

ncog

compliance; obedience (to an order, etc.)


taltak

sound produced by the tip of the tongue against the back of the upper teeth


bangsi

bangsî (canonical)
ᜊᜅ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
bansi (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay bangsi, ultimately from Sanskrit वंशी (vaṃśī, “pipe; flute”).

straw or glass tube (for sipping liquid from any container)

(music) native flute (made of reed or rice stalk)


labahita

Borrowed from Spanish navajita (“small clasp-knife”) with sound shift from /n/ to /l/. By surface analysis, labaha + -ita.


alternatiba

tl-noun

alternatiba (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐl.t̪ɛɾ.n̪ɐˈt̪iː.bɐ]


dinig

diníg (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
ding̃ig (alternative)
dingig (alternative obsolete)
rinig (alternative)

From earlier dingig, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəŋəʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ. See also dangal.


gibang

swaying movement from one side to another (especially of a running vehicle)


ikapito

From ika- + pito (“seven”). Compare Cebuano ikapito.


kombulsyon

kombulsyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kombulsyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kombulsiyon.


iskor

Borrowed from English score, from Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru, from Old Norse skor.

score (on an examination, competition, etc.)


teklado

ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
teklada (alternative)
tiklado (alternative)

At naglaro ang kanyang mga daliri sa mga teklado ng piyano.

2001, Liwayway A. Arceo, Sila: kalipunan ng maiikling katha, page 45:

And her fingers played on the piano keyboard.

keyboard (of a typewriter, piano, computer, etc.)


aghambuhay

aghambuhay (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


biyolohiya

biyolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
byolohiya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish biología (“biology”), from Ancient Greek βίος (bíos, “life”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation, narrative”) + -ία (-ía). Piecewise doublet of soolohiya.

bor+

Ang pag-aaral ukol sa mga pananim at mga hayop ay tinatalakay sa biyolohiya.

2005, Kayamanan Iv' 2005 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 13:

The study of crops and animals are discussed in biology.


kuryosidad

tl-noun

kuryosidád (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

kuryosidád (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuryusidad (alternative)


pisika

Borrowed from Spanish física, from New Latin physica (“physics”), from Ancient Greek φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”).


bitamina

Borrowed from Spanish vitamina (“vitamin”).


sampaga

→ Spanish: sampaga

Borrowed from Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka). Compare Malay cempaka. Doublet of tsampaka.

a variety of Arabian jasmine with larger, white flowers

a kind of throat disease common among gamecocks


shiboli

shíbolí (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜊᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
shibuli (alternative)
shiburbey (alternative)

Compare English tomboy and T-bird; alteration of tibo.

(colloquial, originally gay slang) lesbian


bitaw

release of gamecocks facing each other at the start of a bout

practice fight or bout between two roosters


bitiw

resignation (from one's position, job, etc.)


dyornalismo

tl-noun

dyórnalísmo (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

dyórnalísmo (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of diyornalismo.


dyornalista

dyórnalísta (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

dyórnalísta (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of diyornalista.


peryodista

peryodista (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


lapulapu

lápulápu (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜓᜎᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
lapulapo (alternative)

Named after the 16th century datu of Mactan Lapu-Lapu. See also kulapo.

named-after

grouper (fish of the family Epinephelinae)


aproba

Borrowed from Spanish aprobar, from Latin approbāre.


lehislasyon

tl-noun

lehislasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

lehislasyón (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


antig

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ɪɡ̚]


antot

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ot̪̚]


angkin

From Proto-Southern Philippine *aŋkən (“take for oneself”). Compare Cebuano angkon, Hiligaynon angkon, Waray-Waray angkon, and Western Bukidnon Manobo angken.


anggo

anggó (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
ango (alternative)

peculiar odor of fermenting milk or uncooked meat which is no longer fresh


asiwa

asiwà (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜒᜏ (Baybayin)
ngasiwa (alternative)

[ʔɐˈsiː.wɐʔ]


astaka

[ʔɐsˈt̪aː.xɐʔ]

mold for making lead weights for fishing nets


atikha

atikhâ (canonical)
ᜀᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)
atika (alternative)

gradual accumulation of an amount by saving


kanugnog

kanugnóg (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜓᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɐ.n̪ʊɡˈn̪oɡ̚]


bulanglang

bulangláng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜅ᜔ᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


bulihala

(slang) management; responsibility; care


bululos

unrestrained expression of anger, passion, etc.


talabunyian

talábunyían (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

talábunyían (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.bʊnˈɲiː.ʔɐn̪]

roll of honor; list of famous or distinguished people


parinig

[pɐ.ɾɪˈn̪ɪɡ̚]

From pa- + dinig, the ⟨d⟩ changing to ⟨r⟩ between vowels.


dingig

dingíg (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜅᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
ding̃ig (alternative)


baluga

balugà (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜓᜄ (Baybayin)
baloga (alternative)
Baluga (alternative)

[bɐˈluː.ɣɐʔ]

half-breed Aeta (with predominating Negroid features)


lagak

putting of an object temporarily (in a certain place)

entrusting of an object temporarily (to someone)


litratista

litratista (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish retratista (“portrait painter”), with change of /ɾ/ to /l/ (see also labintador and litrato).

bor+

alternative form of retratista: photographer


rakista

rocker (someone passionate about rock music)


selopin

sélopín (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜓᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
selopeyn (alternative)

Borrowed from English cellophane, a genericized trademark from Cellophane.


kemistri

kémistrí (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌkɛː.mɪsˈt̪ɾɪ]

Borrowed from English chemistry. Doublet of alkimiya and kimika.


dyip

Borrowed from English jeep, back-formation from jeepney.


ambal

From Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), possibly via Spanish ámbar, from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”). Doublet of ambar (“amber”).

der

ambergris (waxy substance produced by sperm whales)


hiringgilya

tl-noun

hiringgilya (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜇᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜑᜒᜇᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


korapsiyon

korapsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

korapsiyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
korapsyon (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English corruption, and influenced by Spanish corrupción.


abuor

[ʔɐˈbuː.ʔoɾ]


gradweyt

tl-noun

gradweyt (Baybayin spelling ᜄ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
gradwet (alternative)

Borrowed from English graduate. The basketball slang is a pun on the sixth grade of the Philippine elementary education system and the six fouls for a player to be removed from the game.

graduate (person who has completed any level of education)


gradwet

[ˈɡɾad̪.wɛt̪̚]


gradwado

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜏᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
graduwado (alternative)


balanoy

basil (plant and its leaves used as an herb)


Miyerkules ng Abo

Miyérkulés ng Abó (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜀᜊᜓ)

Miyérkulés ng Abó (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜀᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌmjɛɾ.kʊˌlɛs n̪ɐŋ ʔɐˈbo]

Miyerkoles ng Abo
Miyerkoles ng Abo#Tagalog


tigdas hangin

tigdás hangin (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔)

tigdás hangin (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


saliw

saliw or salíw (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜒᜏ᜔)

saliw (canonical)
salíw (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)


kaladkad

kaladkád (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜇ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kalarkar (alternative)


padulas

Nenet: Sino ba ang madalas magbigay ng padulas, parating at pabagsak? Heto na si Sikito. may sunong na regalo. Iyan na ang regalo mo, at akin ang Anteriean lover boy. Boling: (Pahadlang.) Walang pumipigil sa iyong maloka ka sa Kano.

1997, Amado V. Hernandez, Magkabilang Mukha Ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda, University of Philippines Press, →ISBN:

1992, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Unang tagpo: kalipunan ng mga dulang rehyunal sa pambansang pistang pandulaa, Not Avail
... sila madadala ng padulas gaya ng sardinas at tabako. They have learned their lessons, Dad.


tisod

stumble; trip (of one's toes against something)

act of pushing or shoving something on the ground with one's toes


labag

breaking; violation; infraction (of law, rule, etc.)


iskultura

iskultura (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of eskultura.


anomalya

anomalyá (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜓᜋᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
anomalia (alternative)
anomaliya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish anomalía (“anomaly”).

bor+

Iniimbestigahan na ng kagawaran ang pinapaniwalaang anomalya sa pagbili ng bagong makinarya.

The department is investigating suspected irregularities in the purchase of new machinery.


Amerikana

[ʔɐ.mɛ.ɾɪˈxaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish americana. By surface analysis, Amerika + -ana.

female equivalent of Amerikano: female American


haybol

From backslang of bahay, with influence of English highball as an opposite to English lowball, due to the typical high prices of houses.


asim

From Proto-Central Philippine *qalsəm with elision of /l/, from Proto-Philippine *qalsəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləsəm. Compare Kapampangan aslam, Bikol Central alsom, Aklanon aslom, Cebuano aslom, Ilocano alsem, Limos Kalinga alsom (“pomelo”), Malay asam, Maranao asem, Tausug asam (“tamarind”). The sense “sex appeal” was attributed to be popularized by Madam Auring.

(figuratively, colloquial) sex appeal (especially of a woman of age)


wasiwas

waving or flaunting motion (as of a flag in the air)

act of waving or flourishing (a flag, handkerchief, etc.)


bulagta

act of lying flat with the face up and limbs stretched


tihaya

position of a receptacle or container with the top or mouth up

(games) obverse; face-up (of cards); heads (in heads or tails)


potostat

pótostát (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English photostat, a genericized trademark brand, Photostat.

a photostat; a photocopy made using a Photostat machine


agwamarina

[ʔɐɡ.wɐ.mɐˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]


kalandra

ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
calanda (alternative)
kalanda (alternative)

Possibly from the following:
* Borrowed from Malay keranda (“coffin”), Pali karaṇḍa (“basket”), from Sanskrit करण्ड (karaṇḍa, “bamboo box; basket; piece of wood”).
* Borrowed from Spanish calandra (“radiator grill”), from French calandre (“radiator grill, on a car”), from Medieval Latin calandrus, ultimately from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros). Doublet of kalanda, silindro, and silinder.


bondying

bondyíng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bonjing (alternative)

[bon̪ˈd͡ʒɪŋ]

After the titular character of the comic book Bondying.

childish person; immature person that never grew past childhood


diri

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zizi (“disgusted; revolted”). Cognate with Malay jijik and Javanese ꦗꦶꦗꦶꦏ꧀ (jijik).

inh

disgust; revulsion; dislike of something dirty or foul


kugon

tl-noun

kugon or kugón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜄᜓᜈ᜔)

kugon (canonical)
kugón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜄᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *guʀun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guʀun.

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica#Translingual


alambrilyo

alambrilyo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜀᜎᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
alabrilyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish alambrillo (“American climbing fern”, literally “little wire”).

bor+

Adiantum capillus-veneris
Adiantum capillus-veneris#Translingual

black maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris)


kalahok

kalahók (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜑᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
calahoc (alternative)


tangkilik

protégé (someone placed under the protection of a friend or patron)


kumpiska

kumpiská (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)
kompiska (alternative)


kapakanan

kapakanán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜃᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
capacan-an (alternative)
kapakan-an (alternative obsolete)
kapakanaan (alternative obsolete)

From earlier kapakan-an, syncopic form of kapakanaan, from pakana + ka- -an.


hinaing

[hɪ.n̪ɐˈʔɪŋ]

supplication; entreaty; humble and earnest request


manonood

mánonoód (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜓᜈᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + nood with reduplication of the root.


lusaw

melting; liquefying; dissolving (of ice, etc.)


punong ehekutibo

tl-noun

punong ehekutibo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜁᜑᜒᜃᜓᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜁᜑᜒᜃᜓᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)


awtorisasyon

awtorisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

awtorisasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
autorisasyon (alternative)
otorisasyon (alternative)


hinala

tamang hinala


Puti

alternative letter-case form of puti: white person; a Caucasian


kumprontasyon

kumprontasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kumprontasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
komprontasyon (alternative)

Sa mabilis na mga pangyayaring nasaksihan ng makabayang kabataan sa Manila, ang komprontasyon ng mga estudyanteng radikal at imbing pulisya ng pasistang gobyerno ng mayayaman ay sagisag ng giyera o digmaan ng dalawang pangkat sa sosyedad: ang klase ng mapang-aping oligarko na kasabwat ng imperyalismong U.S., at ang klase ng progresibong intelektuwal na nasa pambungad na hanay ng armi ng manggagawa't magbubukid.

1971, Rogelio G. Mangahas, Mga duguang plakard, at iba pang tula:


silid-aralan

silíd-aralán (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜀᜇᜎᜈ᜔)

silíd-aralán (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜀᜇᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɪˌlɪd̪ ʔɐ.ɾɐˈlan̪]


alkalde

alkalde (feminine alkaldesa, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ)

alkaldesa (feminine)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alcalde, from Old Spanish alcalde, alcalle, from Arabic اَلْقَاضِي (al-qāḍī, “the judge”). Compare Malay kadi.


koordinasyon

tl-noun

koordinasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

koordinasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish coordinación, from Latin coōrdinātiōnem.


komentaryo

komentaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


albahaka

Borrowed from Spanish albahaca, from Old Spanish albafaca, from Arabic الْحَبَق (al-ḥabaq, “basil”).

basil (plant and its leaves used as an herb)


pandong

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *panduŋ.


anahaw

[ʔɐˈn̪aː.haʊ̯]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanahaw.

inh+

round-leaf fountain palm (Saribus rotundifolius)


tamban

Sardinella longiceps
Wikispecies:Sardinella longiceps

Indian oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps)

Sardinella albella
Wikispecies:Sardinella albella


balibago

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

sea hibiscus; cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum)


rehabilitasyon

tl-noun

rehabilitasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜑᜊᜒᜎᜒᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rehabilitasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜑᜊᜒᜎᜒᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
reabilitasyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish rehabilitación, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo).

rehabilitation (restoration to a former standard, rank, etc.)

rehabilitation (restoration to good condition)


misis

From pronunciation spelling of English Mrs.


kasoy

kasóy (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
casuy (alternative)
casoy (alternative)
kasuy (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish casoy /casuy /casoi, from Mexican Spanish casui, from Portuguese acaju, from Old Tupi akaîu, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akaju. Compare Bikol Central kasoy, Cebuano kasoy, Hiligaynon kasoy, and Chamorro kasoi.


bansalagin

tl-noun

bansalagín (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜐᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔)

bansalagín (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜐᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bansalaguin (alternative)

Manilkara kurziana (a species of evergreen tree)


bataw

Borrowed from Hokkien 肉豆 (bah-tāu). Compare Hiligaynon bat-aw.

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual


tanggi

denial; refusal (to admit or tell the truth)


punong tanggapan

punong tanggapan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜅ᜔ᜄᜉᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜅ᜔ᜄᜉᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
punong-tanggapan (alternative)


pursigi

Borrowed from Spanish perseguir, from Latin persequī. Doublet of persigi.


Araw ng Paghuhukom

Araw ng Paghuhukóm (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜓᜑᜓᜃᜓᜋ᜔)

Araw ng Paghuhukóm (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜓᜑᜓᜃᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)


bigkas

recitation; declamation (of a poem, text, etc.)


rekomenda

rekomendá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish recomendar (“to recommend”).


sailalim

act of being placed under a process, system, etc. (usually used in compounds)

condition of being under a process, system, etc. (usually used in compounds)

(figurative) condition of being under the control of someone (usually used in compounds)


kadyos

kadyós (canonical)
ᜃᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
caryos (alternative)
kagyos (alternative)


kalantas

kalantás (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
calantas (alternative)


hagunoy

ᜑᜄᜓᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagonoy (alternative)

[hɐˈɣuː.n̪oɪ̯]

Melanthera biflora
Wikispecies:Melanthera biflora


pribilehiyo

tl-noun

pribiléhiyó (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓ)

pribiléhiyó (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish privilegio, from Latin prīvilēgium.


inisyatibo

inisyatibo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜁᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English initiative, and influenced by Spanish -o.

pseudo-loan

Isang bagay ang sigurado sa papaano man, at ito ay kung lubusan nating ipagwawalang-bahala ang mga bagong tunguhin, malamang na tayo na rin ang nanganganib na magbitiw ng inisyatibo ng pag-aaral ng ating sariling kasaysayan sa mga...

alternative form of inisyatiba: initiative


anib

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪb̚]

joining as a member (of a union, organization, etc.)


patnubay

ᜉᜆ᜔ᜈᜓᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
patnobay (alternative)


tukso

tuksó (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
tocso (alternative)

Compare Bikol Central tukso (“curse”), Hiligaynon tokso (“question; inquiry”), and Kapampangan tuksu.


balasa

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish baraja (“deck of cards”), from barajar (“to shuffle”). Doublet of baraha, a later borrowing from Spanish baraja.


laksamana

Borrowed from Malay laksamana, from Sanskrit लक्ष्मण (lakṣmaṇa).


talakayan

discussion; exchange of opinions (about a certain subject)


lunod

ᜎᜓᜈᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lonor (alternative)
lunor (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *lunud, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləñəj. Compare Ilocano lunod, Pangasinan lener, Bikol Central lunod, Hanunoo lunod, Cebuano lunod, Waray-Waray lunod, Mansaka lunud, and Western Bukidnon Manobo lened.

(figuratively) overwhelming; condition of being overwhelmed

(figuratively, obsolete) setting (of the sun or the moon)


kumbinsi

kumbinsí (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
kombensi (alternative)
kumbensi (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish convencer, from Latin convincere.


patalsik

patalsík (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜎ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


dukot

ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
docot (alternative)
doccot (alternative)
rukot (alternative)

act of drawing out something from a pocket or bag


kunsinti

kunsintí (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


ngatngat

[ŋɐt̪ˈŋat̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋatŋat (“to chew off”). Compare also Ilocano ngatingat.


asikaso

ᜀᜐᜒᜃᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
hasikaso (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish hacer caso (“to pay attention”, literally “make a case”).


paslang

Possibly from Hokkien 拍死人 (phah-sí lāng, “to beat people to death”) according to Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948).


larangan

[lɐˈɾaː.ŋɐn̪]

field of action; field of endeavor (in sports, arts, letters, etc.)


larang

Compare Malay ladang (“farmfield, estate, plantation”).


sawsaw

sawsáw (canonical)
ᜐᜏ᜔ᜐᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
saosao (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sawsáw (“to dip in liquid”). Compare Cebuano sawsaw. For the sense “meddling”, compare Spanish salsear (“to meddle; to gossip”).

ncog

dipping into water (as of one's limbs, etc.)


mayapis

Shorea palosapis, a tree endemic to the Philippines


salakot

salakót (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
salukot (alternative)

→ Spanish: salacot

salakot (traditional lightweight headgear in the Philippines)


katayan

tl-noun

katayán or kátáyan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜌᜈ᜔)

katayán (canonical)
kátáyan (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

time at which animals are ordinarily butchered or slaughtered


babuyan

babuyan or babuyán (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜓᜌᜈ᜔)

babuyan (canonical)
babuyán (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜓᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From baboy + -an. Compare Amis fafoyan, Cebuano baboyan, and Masbatenyo babuyan.


tagapagsaliksik

tagapágsaliksík (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔)

tagapágsaliksík (canonical)
ᜆᜄᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


tubuhan

From tubo + -han. Compare Cebuano tubohan.


linlang

linláng (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
linglang (alternative obsolete)
lingling (alternative obsolete)

Compare Hokkien 凌人 (lêng-lâng, “to bully; to intimidate”).


tangkay

stem; stalk; petiole; peduncle (of a flower or leaf)


lagundi

[lɐ.ɣʊn̪ˈd̪ɪʔ]

Borrowed from Malay legundi, from Sanskrit निर्गुण्डी (nirguṇḍī, “five-leaved chaste tree”).

der

Vitex negundo
Vitex negundo#Translingual


manggostan

tl-noun

manggostán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔)

manggostán (canonical)
ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tustos

act of providing support or subsistence (to a person, institution, etc.)

act of supplying with materials or other needs (of a factory, etc.)

act of releasing the length of a string or rope (as when flying a kite)


balibag

From Proto-Southern Philippine *balibaʀ (“throw”).

throw; cast (of objects such as poles, sticks, bamboos, etc.)


lagabag

[lɐ.ɣɐˈbaɡ̚]

Possibly onomatopoeic. Attested since the 1980s.


kabanata

kabanatà (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜈᜆ (Baybayin)
cabanata (alternative)

Possibly from ka- + banata (“measure of the length of the fence to be cut; divisions of fish corrals”).


pamunuan

pámunuán (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜓᜈᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

management; administration; board of officers

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

(botany) wood apple (Limonia acidissima)


santabi

santabí (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
sangtabi (alternative)

From san- + tabi, but possibly a back-formation from isantabi.


pagkakaisa

pagkakáisá (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜁᜐ (Baybayin)

From pag- + kaisa, with reduplication of first syllable on root word, or pagkaka- + isa.


pamilihan

pámilíhan (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜒᜎᜒᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


binta

vinta (traditional outrigger boat from Mindanao)


gapos

From Proto-Philippine *ʀapus (“to tie or bind the hands or feet”) (cf. Bikol Central maggapos, Tausug gapus), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀapus (cf. Malay merapus).

inh

object used to bind someone's arms, hands, or legs (such as rope, wire, cord, etc.)

binding of someone's arms, hands, or legs


heke

Borrowed from Spanish jeque. Doublet of siyak.


salasa

reckless or fearless plunging or rushing forward (as into a crowd)


ikasiyam

From ika- + siyam (“nine”). Compare Cebuano ikasiyam.


suskrisyon

tl-noun

suskrisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

suskrisyón (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tawag ng kalikasan

tawag ng kalikasan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜎᜒᜃᜐᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜏᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜃᜎᜒᜃᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

(humorous, euphemistic) call of nature (bodily urge to urinate or defecate)


suyod

ᜐᜓᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
soyor (alternative)
suyor (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sujud (“fine-toothed lice comb”), possibly borrowed via an intermediary language or existed as *sulod with elision of /l/ becoming /j/ instead of /w/ or /ʔ/. Compare Bikol Central surod, Dupaningan Agta surod, and Molbog surud.

der

fine-toothed comb for removing lice and nits

(agriculture) harrowing of a plowed or cultivated field

(figurative) combing of a place (to search for something)


barya

baryá (canonical)
ᜊᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
bariya (alternative)

From an earlier variant, bariya, from Early Modern Spanish barilla which used to refer to the Spanish-era copper coins minted in the Philippines.
Some sources, like Zorc (1979), also suggest it to be from Spanish varia, through variar (“to change; to alter”), which Potet (2016) notes as a mistake during the American colonial era by interpreting the word to mean “to change into small coins; to exchange”. However, Potet (2016) notes that the Spanish term for loose change is Spanish vuelta.

m-g

Barya lang po ang tinatanggap sa umaga.

Only loose change will be accepted in the morning.

loose change (small, loose money in coins or notes of small denominations)


manloloko

From man- + loko, with initial reduplication of the root word.


ikalabing-isa

tl-noun

ikalabíng-isá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜁᜐ)

ikalabíng-isá (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜎᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜁᜐ (Baybayin)


ikatlo

ikatló (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
icatlo (alternative)

From ika- + tatlo (“three”). Compare Cebuano ikatulo.


sugpo

sugpô (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
sukpo (alternative)


humaling

ᜑᜓᜋᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
himaling (alternative)

obsession; captivation; extreme fondness (for something)


remedyo

ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
remedio (alternative)
medyos (alternative clipping)

[ɾɛˈmɛː.d͡ʒo]


diskwento

diskwento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of diskuwento.


diskuwento

diskuwento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of deskuwento.


bulingbuling

búlingbúling (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

búlingbúling (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


gerero

ᜄᜒᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
giyerero (alternative)


bahista

Borrowed from Spanish bajista. By surface analysis, baha + -ista. Doublet of basista.


hagupit

[hɐ.ɣʊˈpɪt̪̚]

Ako'y tulang may hagupit ng latigo, / may talas ng patalim may haplos ng pagmamahal—

1989, Ani: Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Volume 3, Issues 1-4

Sa matinding sakit, sinikap ni Crispin na lumaban. Nagsisigaw, naninipa, nagpagulung-gulong sa lapag. Patuloy ang hagupit ng kura. Nagdurugo na ang mga kamay ni Crispin na ginagawang panangga.

2006, Lourdes L. Miranda, Mercedes D. L. Tulaylay, Obra Maestra (Bagong Edisyon): Noli Me Tangere:

Binigyang-diin ni Climate Change Commission (CCC) Secretary Emmanuel De Guzman ang pangangailangan na patatagin ang mga komunidad sa epekto ng nagbabagong panahon upang mapangalagaan ang mga karapatang pantao ng mga maralita na pinakamahina sa matitinding hagupit ng panahon.

Nagbabakasakali siyang dalhin doon ang labi ng kaniyang mga magulang na kabilang sa mga aniya'y nasawi noong kasagsagan ng hagupit ng bagyo.

rage; fury (usually of weather or a storm)


dayap

From Proto-Austronesian *dalayap with elision of /l/. Compare Cebuano dayap, Hiligaynon dalayap, Ilocano dalayap, Kapampangan dalayap, and Pangasinan dalayap.

Citrus × aurantiifolia
Wikispecies:Citrus × aurantiifolia

key lime, especially the Philippine variety (Citrus × aurantiifolia)

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

(western Marinduque) calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, ×Citrofortunella mitis)


hilod

scrubbing of skin to remove dirt (with a stone, towel, etc.)


kamuning

[kɐ.mʊˈn̪ɪŋ]

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual


kalumpit

kalumpít (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


atsuwete

ᜀᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
atsuete (alternative)
atswete (alternative)

[ʔɐˈt͡ʃwɛː.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɐt̪ˈswɛː.t̪ɛ]

From Philippine Spanish achuete, variant of Mexican Spanish achiote, from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual


anonang

[ʔɐˈn̪oː.n̪ɐŋ]

Compare Cebuano anonang and Malay nunang.


anilaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.laʊ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanilaw (“a tree; Grewia spp.”), possibly via Cebuano. Compare Malay nilau (“Guioa pubescens”).


katib

katíb (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
khatib (alternative)
khateeb (alternative)

khatib (person who delivers the khutbah)


biyoleta

ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜎᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
byoleta (alternative)
byuleta (alternative)

biyoleta:


amugis

ᜀᜋᜓᜄᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
amuguis (alternative)
amogis (alternative)

[ʔɐˈmuː.ɣɪs]

Koordersiodendron pinnatum (a species of evergreen tree)

(colloquial, derogatory) person of low status


balinsasayaw

tl-noun

balínsasayáw (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜐᜌᜏ᜔)

balínsasayáw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜐᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

swiftlet, a small bird that builds its nest on high rocks (genus Collocalia)


pangunang lunas

pangunang lunas (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜓᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜈᜐ᜔)

ᜉᜅᜓᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜈᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
paunang lunas (alternative nonstandard)

From panguna (“first”) + -ng + lunas (“cure”).


repake

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English repack, and influenced by Spanish empaque.


palugit

[pɐˈluː.ɣɪt̪̚]


himatay

(pathology) fainting; swoon; loss of consciousness


himatay

payment given to guards out of the dangers surrounding their job


tanggap

Either inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋgap (“accept”) or borrowed from Malay tangkap (“gripping; clasping; capture by the hand”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋkəp (“catch, as by covering”). The two etymology sources may be equivalent. Compare Kapampangan tanggap (“accept”), Maranao tangkap (“accept”), and Balinese ᬢᬂᬕᬧ᭄ (tanggap, “take into hand”).

cog

acceptance of something offered or given

reception of something sent (by letter, text message, etc.)

admission; confession (of one's guilt, crime, etc.)

admission; approval (of one's application for employment, enrollment, etc.)

recognition; acceptance (as of evidence or testimony in court)


sungkit

hook attached to a pole (used to get something from a high place or picking fruit)

act of getting something with such an instrument

act of picking fruit with such an instrument


Malayo

tl-noun

Malayo (feminine Malaya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish malayo, from Malay Melayu. Doublet of Malay.


unawa

[ʔʊˈn̪aː.wɐʔ]

[ʔʊ.n̪ɐˈwaʔ]


kiyaw

kiyáw or kiyaw (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜌᜏ᜔)

kiyáw (canonical)
kiyaw (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Hokkien, according to English (1987). Compare kiyaw-kiyaw.

wriggling movement (of worms, mosquito larvae, etc.)

swarming; bustling; moving about (of a thick crowd of people)


pukpok

pukpók (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pocpoc (alternative)
pucpuc (alternative)
pokpok (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *pukpuk. Onomatopoeic in origin.


pagala

[pɐˈɣaː.lɐʔ]


bungkal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkal (“to open”). Compare Bikol Central bungkal, Cebuano bungkal, Tiruray bungkal, and Balinese ᬩᬸᬂᬓᬮ᭄ (bungkal). See also Malay bongkar.

inh

tilling of soil; tillage (for planting, especially by plowing)

act of digging or turning over soil (with a trowel, hoe, etc.)

makeshift roof added to the side of the house as a temporary dining space for guests during special occasions


tugtog

tugtóg (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
togtog (alternative)

[t̪ʊɡˈt̪oɡ̚]

From Proto-Philippine *tugtug, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tugtug (cf. Bikol Central tugtog and Ilocano tugtog), from Proto-Austronesian *CugCug.

music or sound made by a musical instrument, audio device, etc.


krimson

ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From English crimson, Middle English cremesyn, from Old Spanish cremesin, from Arabic قِرْمِز (qirmiz), from Persian کرمست (kermest), from Middle Persian, from Sanskrit कृमिज (kṛmija).

krimson:


anawnser

ᜀᜈᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˈn̪aʊ̯n̪.sɛɾ]


tablea

[t̪ɐbˈlɛː.ɐ]


katas ng mansanas

tl-noun

katás ng mansanas (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈ᜔ᜐᜈᜐ᜔)

katás ng mansanas (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈ᜔ᜐᜈᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


katas ng ubas

katás ng ubas (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜊᜐ᜔)

katás ng ubas (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜊᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


pagnanakaw

From pag- + nakaw, with partial reduplication.


ekspresyon

ekspresyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

ekspresyón (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
espresyon (alternative)


pilamento

Borrowed from Spanish filamento, from Medieval Latin fīlāmentum.


arsobispo

arsobispo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
alsobispo (alternative)
alsubispo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish arzobispo (“archbishop”), from Old Spanish arçobispo, from Late Latin archiepiscopus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιεπίσκοπος (arkhiepískopos).

der

ἀρχιεπίσκοπος


unday

[ʔʊn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

act of beating or attacking someone suddenly


eksibisyon

tl-noun

eksibisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eksibisyón (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ekshibisyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish exhibición, from Latin exhibitiōnem.


lapnos

flayed skin; excoriated skin (due to being burnt or scalded)

condition of one's skin being flayed or excoriated (due to being burnt or scalded)


saulo

ᜐᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
solo (alternative Batangas colloquial)


subok

From Proto-Philippine *subuk. Compare Ilocano subok and Pangasinan sobok.

sampling; tasting (of the taste of food)


gapang

(figurative) secret maneuvering to obtain something


pungay

languidness, tenderness, or lambency of the eyes (such as when tired, bored, sad, sleepy, or waking up from interrupted sleep, etc.)

(obsolete) light source, such as a candle or lamp, that lights dimly and poorly


tambuli

Compare Cebuano tambuli and Maguindanao tambuli.


bolang kristal

bolang kristál (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜅ᜔ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔)

bolang kristál (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜅ᜔ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

crystal ball (globe used to foretell the future)


katipan

katipán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜉᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
catipan (alternative)

From ka- + tipan (“pact; covenant; engagement; tryst”).

af

tipan<t:pact; covenant; engagement; tryst>

katipan sa negosyo

(now uncommon) partner in an arrangement


dawit

implication; entanglement; involvement (usually in a crime)

a type of arm wrestling where one hooks one's middle fingers on the opponent's hand to force the arm down


prodyuser

tl-noun

prodyuser (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

(economics) producer (individual or organization that creates goods and services)

producer (one who produces an artistic production)


kondominyum

kondominyum (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
kondo (alternative clipping)

Borrowed from English condominium, from Latin condominium.

condominium (building in which each unit is owned individually, but the grounds is jointly owned)

condominium (unit or apartment in such a complex)


umbok

outward bulge; swelling; protuberance; convexity


mumog

From Proto-Philippine *limuʀmuʀ (“gargle”), ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *muʀmuʀ. Compare Hiligaynon limug, Cebuano limugmog, Waray-Waray limugmog, Bikol Central limugmug, Kapampangan mulmul, and Ilocano mulumog.


saling

unintentional light touch (as with a finger)

unintentional mention or reference (about something bitter or undesirable to someone)


maselang bahagi

maselang bahagi (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜊᜑᜄᜒ)

ᜋᜐᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜊᜑᜄᜒ (Baybayin)

[mɐˌsɛː.lɐm bɐˈhaː.ɣɪʔ]


piskalya

piskalyá or piskalya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜌ)

piskalyá (canonical)
piskalya (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
piskalia (alternative)

(law) public prosecutor's office (UK); district attorney's office (US); office of the public prosecutor


hatsing

hatsíng (canonical)
ᜑᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
haching (alternative)

Onomatopoeic. Compare Kapampangan atsing, Bikol Central hatsing and Cebuano hatsi.


antulang

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪uː.lɐŋ]

Graptophyllum pictum
Wikispecies:Graptophyllum pictum


glorya

Borrowed from Spanish gloria (“glory”), from Latin glōria.


tagapamahala

tagapamahalà (canonical)
ᜆᜄᜉᜋᜑᜎ (Baybayin)


alamang

From Proto-Northern Philippine *ajamaŋ (“tiny shrimp”). Compare Ilocano aramang and Pangasinan agamang.

any of a number of species of small shrimp in the genus Acetes (used in bagoong production)

(figurative) insignificant person or thing; small fry


bundol

bundól (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bondol (alternative)

ramming with the tip of something large and elongated (such as logs, posts, etc.)


bakero

Borrowed from Spanish vaquero, from Vulgar Latin vaccārius (“cowherder, rancher”).

der

cowboy; cowhand; cowherd (person who herds cattle)


aksis

Borrowed from English axis. The anatomy sense was earlier borrowed from Spanish axis.
Utlimately from Latin axis for both routes. Doublet of ehe.

(anatomy) axis (second cervical vertebra)


nerbyos

ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of nerbiyos.


masel

Borrowed from English muscle, from Middle English muscle, muscule, muskylle, and in part from Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“a muscle”, literally “little mouse”). Compare Cebuano masol. Doublet of muskulo.

Pinisil ni Noel ang masel sa balikat ni Pen. Matigas, malaki ang masel.

2017, J. Neil Garcia, Danton Remoto, Ladlad 2: An Anthology of Philippine Gay Writing, Anvil Publishing, Incorporated via PublishDrive, →ISBN:


panlasa

taste (sense that consists in the perception and interpretation of this sensation)


gadgad

[ɡɐd̪ˈɡad̪̚]

grating into sheds or particles (as of grains of corn, etc.)


hinaw

tl-noun

hináw or hinaw (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈᜏ᜔)

hináw (canonical)
hinaw (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiñaw, from Proto-Austronesian *Siñaw.


katotohanan

katotohanan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜑᜈᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜆᜓᜆᜓᜑᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
katutohanan (alternative obsolete)
katutuhanan (alternative uncommon)

Syncopic form of katotoohanan, from katotoohan + -an, from totoo + ka- -han.


unyon

union; association (especially a trade union)

(plumbing) short, hollow piece used to connect pipes


lublob

drowning of someone by pushing down into water


abli

ablí (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
able (alternative)

Early borrowing from Spanish abrir with loss of final /ɾ/ and a sound shift from /ɾ/ to /l/, from Latin aperīre. Doublet of abre, a later borrowing.


karwahe

ᜃᜇ᜔ᜏᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
karuahe (alternative obsolete)
karuwahe (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish carruaje, borrowed from Catalan carruatge or Occitan cariatge, from a derivative of Latin carrus.


papansin

papansín (canonical)
ᜉᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Di ko naman napanood at nabasa 'yun, pero ewan ko ba. Papansin lang talaga siguro ako. Pagbigyan mo na ako.

2017, Art Sta. Ana, He's Dating the Transgender, Anvil Publishing, Incorporated via PublishDrive, →ISBN:

I didn't watched or read those, but I don't know. I'm really an attention seeker. Just forgive me.


danyos

Borrowed from Spanish daños, plural of daño, from Latin damnum. The legal sense is an ellipsis of danyos perhuwisyos, from Spanish daños y perjuicios.


sentensya

sentensya (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[sɛn̪ˈt̪ɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of sentensiya.


araling panlipunan

aralíng panlipunan (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜎᜒᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜈ᜔)

aralíng panlipunan (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜎᜒᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
AP (alternative abbreviation)

[ʔɐ.ɾɐˌlɪm pɐn̪.lɪˈpuː.n̪ɐn̪]

From aralin + -g + panlipunan. Calque of English social studies.

Meronyms: kasaysayan, heograpiya, sibika, sosyolohiya, ekonomiya


mamamatay-tao

mamamatay-tao (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜋᜆᜌ᜔ᜆᜂ)

From mam- + patay (“kill”) + tao (“person”) with initial reduplication.


ismagler

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜋᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English smuggler. Compare Cebuano esmagler.


panghahalay

panghahalay (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜑᜑᜎᜌ᜔)

From pang- + halay, literally “act of obscenity” with initial reduplication.


pananambang

tl-noun

pananambáng (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜈᜋ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔)

pananambáng (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜈᜋ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pan- + tambang with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


panunuhol

From pan- + suhol with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


panloloob

panloloób (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

panloloób (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pan- + loob with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


pamimirata

From pam- + pirata with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


harurot

[hɐˈɾuː.ɾot̪̚]

speeding; acceleration (of a vehicle, person, etc.)


pagluluksa

pagluluksâ (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ)

pagluluksâ (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

From pag- + luksa with initial reduplication.


paghihingalo

paghihingalô (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜅᜎᜓ)

paghihingalô (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜅᜎᜓ (Baybayin)


ipot

Compare Bikol Central ipot and Masbatenyo ipot.

excretion of droppings (of birds and other small animals)


pangangalaga

pangangalagà (canonical)
ᜉᜅᜅᜎᜄ (Baybayin)

[pɐ.ŋɐ.ŋɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

From pang- + alaga with partial reduplication.


panghihinayang

panghihinayang (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜈᜌᜅ᜔)

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜑᜒᜈᜌᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pang- + hinayang with initial reduplication.