A

A Miguel


aam

Borrowed from Hokkien 飲 /饮 (ám, “rice broth; rice water”) with epenthesis splitting into two syllables (cf. gaas, siim, tiim, and tsaa).


abate

[ʔɐˈbaː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish abate, from Italian abate, from Late Latin abbātem, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā). Doublet of abad.


abay

From Proto-Central Philippine *abay, from Proto-Philippine *abay. Compare Bikol Central abay, Cebuano abay, and Kapampangan abe.

Si Pedro ang abay ni Juan sa kasal.

Pedro is the best man of Juan in the wedding.

(colloquial) pal; friend; partner; companion


abdomen

tl-noun

abdomen or ábdomén (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔)

abdomen (canonical)
ábdomén (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abdomen, from Latin abdōmen.


lente

Borrowed from Spanish lente, from Latin lentem (“lentil”).


robot

Borrowed from English robot, borrowed from Czech robot, from robota, from Old Czech robota, from Proto-Slavic *orbota, from *orbiti + *-ota.


libre

tl-noun

libre or libré (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)

libre (canonical)
libré (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish libre. Displaced older gratis, also borrowed from Spanish.


de

Borrowed from Spanish de, the Spanish name of the letter D /d.

the name of the Latin-script letter D/d, in the Abecedario


en

Borrowed from English en, the English name of the letter N /n.

the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Filipino alphabet


van

Unadapted borrowing from English van, short for caravan.


te

Borrowed from Spanish te, the Spanish name of the letter T /t.

the name of the Latin-script letter T/t, in the Abecedario


te

Huwag ka maingay, te! Nag-aaral ako!

Te, ano ba?

clipping of ate, term of address for an elder sister, female senior, or any female older than the speaker; sis


o

Borrowed from Spanish o. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English o.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (o).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish o.

the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Filipino alphabet

the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abecedario


i

Borrowed from Spanish i. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English i.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish i.

the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abecedario


i

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E /e.

the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Filipino alphabet


be

Borrowed from Spanish be, the Spanish name of the letter B /b. Ultimately from Latin bē. Doublet of bi.

the name of the Latin-script letter B/b, in the Abecedario


kutya

kutyâ (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
cotya (alternative)


tago

→ Mag-Anchi Ayta: tago

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq (“to store, to put away”). Compare Ilocano tago, Malay taruh, and Tetum tau.


tao

ᜆᜂ (Baybayin)
tauo (alternative)
tau (alternative obsolete)
tawo (alternative)

From earlier tawo, from Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau. Cognate with Ilocano tao, Kapampangan tau, Cebuano tawo, Thao caw, Tsou cou, and Motu tau.

person left alone in a place as a guard or caretaker (when others are away)


mundial

mundiál (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


also

Lutjanus lutjanus
Wikispecies:Lutjanus lutjanus

mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus lutjanus)


gas

Either from English gas, itself a clipping of gasoline, or a clipping of gasolina.


gas

Either from Spanish gas or English gas, ultimately from Dutch gas.


mars

From mare + -s, from the 2010s. Popularized by the talk show of the same name.


vi

Borrowed from English vee, the English name of the letter V /v.

the name of the Latin-script letter V/v, in the Filipino alphabet


amigo

tl-noun

amigo (feminine amiga, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋᜒᜄᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish amigo, from Old Spanish amigo, amygo, from Latin amīcus.


radar

Borrowed from English radar, originally an acronym for “radio detection and ranging”, with the stress influenced by Spanish radar.


presidente

presidente (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[pɾɛ.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


DNA

[ˌd̪ɪ ʔɛn̪ ˈʔeɪ̯]

Borrowed from English DNA, an initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid.


tigre

Borrowed from Spanish tigre, from Latin tīgris, from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris).

Phalaenopsis schilleriana (a type of orchid)


tuba

Antonio Pigafetta
Magellan's circumnavigation

Borrowed from Cebuano tubâ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuba.
First attested in Antonio Pigafetta's Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo—detailing the first circumnavigation of the world between 1519 and 1522.

Pigafetta

tubâ, a palm wine created from the sap of various species of palm trees


tuba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubah, from Proto-Austronesian *tubah (“Derris elliptica”).

inh

purging croton (a kind of croton plant the seeds of which is used to make croton oil)

act of poisoning fish (with such a poison)


pi

Borrowed from English pee, the English name of the letter P /p.

the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Filipino alphabet


animal

Borrowed from Spanish animal, from Latin animal.

(derogatory) brutish person; inhuman person


el

From English el, the English name of the letter L /l.

the name of the Latin-script letter L/l, in the Filipino alphabet


yak

Borrowed from English yak, from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag).


ate

ᜀᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
ati (alternative)
te (alternative colloquial term-of-address)
teh (alternative colloquial term-of-address)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿姊 (á-chí / á-ché, “eldest sister”) as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948). Compare Indonesian ace, Kapampangan atsi, Remontado Agta itti. Doublet of atsi.

bor+

Nagluto sina ate at nanay ng pananghalian namin.

Our big sister and mother cooked our lunch.

Tinanong ko si ate sa hayskul, "Ate, ano po ang mga gawain niyo sa hayskul".

I asked my senior from high school, "Miss, what activities do you do in high school?"

(informal) term of address for a female senior (in school, work, etc.)

Bumili ako ng pagkain kay ate.

(informal) term of address for any young female perceived to be older than the speaker: miss; sis


boy

errand boy; houseboy; boy doing a menial job (usually young)


upas

act of removing leaves from plants (especially of sugarcane)


upas

condition of being removed of all leaves (of a plant)


mundo

mundó (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
mondo (alternative)
munro (alternative dialectal)

Borrowed from Spanish mundo (“world”) with stress shift, from Latin mundus (“world”), calque of Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language. Compare Kapampangan mundu.


mundo

Clipping of Early Modern Spanish vagamundo, rare form of vagabundo with influence of mundo (“world”), from Late Latin vagabundus. The original word was possibly interpreted to contain the interrogative particle baga. Compare Cebuano bagamundo. Doublet of bagamundo.


xerox

ᜐᜒᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
seroks (alternative)
zerox (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English xerox, a genericized trademark from the company, Xerox.


bold

Sir, may nanonood ng bold dito.

Sir, there's someone watching porn here.


sombrero

ᜐᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sumbrero (alternative)
sumblero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish sombrero (“hat”). Doublet of sambalilo.


salsa

Borrowed from Spanish salsa, from Latin salsus (“salted”). Doublet of sarsa.


hamster

Ilalagay ni PAUL ang retrato ni Ferdinand at Imelda Marcos sa likod ng kulungan ng mga hamster.

1996, Emmanuel A. Reyes, Malikhaing pelikula: mga sanaysay tungkol sa pelikulang Pilipino:

Kung may nasabi man akong hindi maganda, bakit hindi niya sabihin sa 'kin? Hindi naman ako manghuhula para malaman kung anong problema niya. Tiningnan ko 'yong hamster na gusto kong bilhin pero naisip ko si Tammy.

2020, TINA LATA, The Good Girl's Revenge:


alo

cheer; consolation given (for the disappointed, anxious, disconsolate, etc.)

substitute for a disappointment to cheer up someone (with kind words, toys, pacifier, milk, etc.)

act of calming down someone (especially a crying child, with kind words, toys, pacifier, milk, etc.)


ba

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜊ (ba).

the name of the Latin-script letter B/b, in the Abakada alphabet


beso

(cheek) kiss (light touch of cheek with cheek between person)


amiga

Borrowed from Spanish amiga, from Latin amīca.

female equivalent of amigo: female friend; lady friend


balat

From Southern Luzon axis *balát, from Proto-Northern Philippine *bəlát. Compare Ilocano ballat, Tuwali Ifugao bol'at, Ibaloi bedat, and Kapampangan balat.

wrapper; packaging (of chips, candy, etc.)


balat

birthmark on one's skin; livid spot on one's skin


balatik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bala(n)tik (“spring back suddenly; spring-set spear trap; the constellation Orion”). Compare Ilocano balantik, Aklanon baeatik, Cebuano balatik, Western Bukidnon Manobo belatik, Tausug batik, and Malay belantik.


balatik

balatík (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
balatic (alternative)


balik

balík (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
balic (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik. Compare Kapampangan balik, Bikol Central balik, Malay balik, Cebuano balik, and Ilocano balik.

inh+

restoration; return to a former position

turning over (of food cooked on a grill or live coal)


AP

araling panlipunan
araling panlipunan#Tagalog

(education) initialism of araling panlipunan (“social studies”)


ban

Borrowed from Hokkien 盤 /盘 (pôaⁿ, “tray, plate, dish”).


baon

ᜊᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bauon (alternative)
bawon (alternative)

→ English: baon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balun (cf. Hanunoo balon, Cebuano balon, Ilocano balon).

supply of provisions taken on a trip (such as food, money, etc.)


baon

sinking; penetration (of a knife, sword, spear, or the like)


bayad

From Proto-Philippine *bayaD (“to pay”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD. Cognate with Bikol Central bayad, Malay bayar, and Sambali bayar.


look

loók (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜂᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
looc (alternative)
luok (alternative nonstandard)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luquk (“bay”). Compare Ilocano luek, Kapampangan lauk, Cebuano luok, Tausug luuk, and Malay teluk.

Look ng Maynila


granada

[ɡɾɐˈn̪aː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish granada (“grenade”), feminine of granado, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”). Doublet of granate.

der

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


me

mê (canonical)
ᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
mee (alternative)


kawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawaq, possibly via Malay kawah. Compare Ilocano kawa, Hanunoo kawa, Bikol Central kawa, Cebuano kawa, Tausug kawa', and Javanese ꦏꦮꦃ (kawah).


lampa

unsteadiness or unsureness of footing (of a person)


matadero

[mɐ.t̪ɐˈd̪ɛː.ɾo]

... natin ang masang gumigising— tayo naman ang magtulungtulungan-habang nagpupustahan pa ang mga trapo't kumprador sa matadero nag-aakalang walang makagagambala sa magkasiping na leon at tupa, lobo't kordero

2010, E. San Juan, Jr., SUTRANG KAYUMANGGI, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 24:

Let's ... the people getting well-informed—we should be the next to help each other while the corrupt politicians are betting and buying on the slaughterhouse thinking no one can disturb the adjacent lion, sheep, wolf and lamb.


haj

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic حَجّ (ḥajj, “pilgrimage”). See also pangadyi.


pato

pato (canonical)
patò (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

→ Tausug: patu'

Borrowed from Spanish pato (“duck”), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”).


pato

playing piece (in games such as tantsing).


pata

act of forcing oneself to give up bad inclinations


torta

→ English: torta

Borrowed from Spanish torta (“cake”). Compare Cebuano torta (“cupcake”) and English tart.

torta (a type of egg omelette with various ingredients, especially eggplant)


chat

chat (exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network)


saya

From Proto-Philippine *sayaq. Compare Kapampangan saya, Masbatenyo sadya, Cebuano sadya, and Hiligaynon sadya.


saya

Borrowed from Spanish saya, from Vulgar Latin *sagia, from Latin sagum, from earlier sagus, probably of Gaulish origin.


suka

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.


suka

sukà (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃ (Baybayin)
suca (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit चुक्र (cukra, “tamarind tree; vinegar made by acetous fermentation”), possibly through Malay cuka (“soured wine, vinegar”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Ilocano suka, Maranao soka', Pangasinan tuka, and Tausug suka'.

der

(by extension) sour fruit used for seasoning food (such as tamarind, tomatoes, green mangoes, etc.)


ke

Wikispecies:Pueraria montans var. lobata


sana

(obsolete) devastation; complete destruction; ruination


dua

duá (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜀ (Baybayin)
du'a (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic دُعَاء (duʕāʔ). Compare Maranao dowa'a, Maguindanao du'a, Tausug duwaa, and Malay doa.


kali

kalí (canonical)
kalî (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
kale (alternative colloquial)


kali

(obsolete) asking for the care of others


bulan

Learned borrowing from Cebuano bulan, from Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN. Proposed by Eusebio Daluz by the 20ᵗʰ century to use the Visayan word instead of Tagalog buwan (“moon; month”) to distinguish “moon” and “month” to have equivalents for Spanish luna (“moon”) and Spanish mes (“month”). Doublet of buwan.


simba

tl-noun

simbá or simba (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊ)

simbá (canonical)
simba (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay sembah, possibly from Javanese ꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ (sembah), from Old Javanese sĕmbah, possibly from Old Khmer saṃbaḥ ~ sambaḥ (whence Khmer សំពះ (sɑmpĕəh)). Compare Bikol Central simba, Cebuano simba, and Waray-Waray singba. Doublet of samba.

going to church (to pray, attend service, etc.)


mapa

Borrowed from Spanish mapa (“map”), from Latin mappa.

Ito ang mapa ng Pilipinas. Binubuo ito ng malalaki at maliliit na pulo.

2005, Sigay 3' 2005 Ed.(wika at Pagbasa), Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 187:

This is the map of the Philippines. It is made up of big and small islands.


kita

kita (canonical)
kità (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *kitaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kita, from Proto-Austronesian *kita.

state or quality of being seen; visibility


kita

Borrowed from Spanish quitación (“rent; wages; salary”), from quita (“debt relief”).

bor+

pabago-bagong kita


sama

Either from Sanskrit सम (sama, “same, equal”) with semantic shift or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sama (“mate, companion, fellow; together with; alike, the same as; aligned or in good order”).

inh

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat

going with or accompanying someone to a certain place

combining; mixing (of one thing with another)


sama

Either from Sanskrit विषम (viṣama, “unequal, wicked, wrong”) or Sanskrit दुःषम (duḥṣáma, “uneven, perverse, bad”).


sama

share of capital (in a business partnership or gambling)


Bombay

Bombáy (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
Bumbay (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish Bombay, from Portuguese Bombaim.

Lalong makikilala ang impluwensiya ng mga Intsik, Kastila, at Amerikano sa sining ng Pilipino; nandoon na rin, bagama't hindi pa gaanong napapag aralan, ang impluwensiya ng mga Bombay, Hapon at Mehikano. Maging ang likha ng mga ...

1990, Regalado Trota José, Pacific Asia Museum, Images of faith: religious ivory carvings from the Philippines:

... sa lupain ng mga Bombay, ganito ang ating nata- mong medalya: 2 ginto, 3 pilak, 9 na tanso. Mas malapit tayo sa mga kulelat kesa sa mga nangu- nguna noong 1982. Ngayon 1986, inaasam-asam ni Sering na magiging ganito ang ating ...

0 haharap, o haharap ang lahat na, Sa lunsod ay hahalik sa mapang-aliping pagsamba: Mga intsik, tikas Hapon, mga Bombay o Aleman, Mga Inglis, Amerikano, milyonaryo ng lipunan, Pulitiko at ismagler, ang lilisan sa Forbes Park, Sakay ...

(colloquial, sometimes offensive) Indian (a person of Indian ancestry, or resembling one)


alas

act of cutting or lopping off growth evenly


dada

meaningless chatter; gibberish; impertinent talk


mama

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mama, from Proto-Austronesian *mamah (“father’s brother”). Also possibly borrowed from Sanskrit माम (māma) or from Tamil மாமா (māmā). Compare Chamorro måma' and Malay mamak.

inh

Itanong natin sa mama sa kanto.

Mamang Ano

a term used in referring to, or in addressing, a male unknown to the speaker

(archaic, familiar) uncle (parent's younger brother)

(archaic, familiar, childish) any relative of the father or mother


mama

tl-noun

mama or mamá (masculine papa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋ)

mama (canonical)
mamá (canonical)
papa (masculine)
ᜋᜋ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* /maˈma/ from Spanish mamá, adapted from French maman
* /ma.ma/ from Hokkien 媽媽 /妈妈 (mâ-mâ)
* /ˈmama/ from English mama / momma


mama

From Proto-Philippine *mamaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mamaq (“chew without intending to swallow, as betel nut; premasticate food to give to an infant; premasticated food”). Compare Javanese ꦩꦩꦃ (mamah) and Malay mamah.


mama

name of the Baybayin letter ᜋ (ma), corresponding to "ma"


pain

From Proto-Austronesian *paən (cf. Bikol Central paon and Gorontalo paalo).


Muslim

Muslím (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
Moslem (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “one who submits”), possibly via English Muslim. Doublet of Musulman.


bet

Borrowed from English bet (“wager; slang: exclamation of acceptance”).

Bet ko yang sinabi mo.

I liked what you said. / That what you said is something that I like.


lain

alternative form of laing: stalk and leaves of gabi (usually eaten as a vegetable)


pula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.


pula

adverse criticism; act of finding fault with another


ideal

ideál (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ideyal (alternative)


ye

Borrowed from Spanish ye, the Spanish name of the letter Y /y.

the name of the Latin-script letter Y/y, in the Abecedario


bag

Borrowed from English bag, from Middle English bagge, from Old Norse baggi (“bag, pack, satchel, bundle”).


basket

(basketball) basket (circular hoop from which a net is suspended)

(slang) rejection; disapproval; nonacceptance (in a submission, courtship, etc.)


tore

Borrowed from Spanish torre. Displaced moog.


betun

betún (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
biton (alternative)
bitun (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish betún, from Catalan betum, from Latin bitūmen.


bi

Borrowed from English bee, the English name of the letter B /b. Ultimately from Latin bē. Doublet of be.

the name of the Latin-script letter B/b, in the Filipino alphabet


heron

Borrowed from English heron. The pronunciation is a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. Doublet of ayron.


base

Borrowed from Spanish base (“basis”). The baseball definition is from English base, but pronounced the same as the Spanish word.

(baseball) base (one of the three places that a runner can stand in safety)

(chemistry) base (chemical compound that will neutralize an acid)


abako

abakó (canonical)
ábakó (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ábaco (“abacus”), from Latin abacus, from Ancient Greek ἄβαξ (ábax, “a calculation board covered with sand”). Doublet of abakus.


mole

molé (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
mule (alternative)
muli (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish moler, from Latin molere.

grinding chocolate with a metate and mano


mole

Borrowed from Spanish mole, from Classical Nahuatl mōlli.


metal

metál (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
mital (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish metal, from Old Spanish metal, from Old French métal or Old Occitan metall, these from Latin metallum, from Ancient Greek μέταλλον (métallon, “mine, quarry, metal”).


klub

Borrowed from Spanish club, from English club, from Middle English clubbe, from Old Norse klubba, klumba, from Proto-Germanic *klumpô. Doublet of klab.


key

Borrowed from English kay, the English name of the letter K /k.

the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Filipino alphabet


e

Borrowed from Spanish e. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English e.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish e.

the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abecedario


mana

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mana, *maña (“inherit; inheritance”). Compare Malay manah (“heritage”).


duke

Borrowed from Spanish duque (“duke”), from Old French duc, from Latin dux.


katana

katanà (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜈ (Baybayin)
catana (alternative)

[kɐˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Borrowed from Japanese 刀(かたな) (katana, literally “sword”), possibly via Spanish catana according to Potet (2016).


tanto

[t̪ɐn̪ˈt̪oʔ]

knowledge; understanding (about something made aware to oneself)

act of understanding or realizing (of consequences of something, an occurrence, etc.)


u

Borrowed from Spanish u. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English u.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (o).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish u.

the name of the Latin-script letter U/u, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter U/u, in the Abecedario


ese

Borrowed from Spanish ese, the Spanish name of the letter S /s.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Abecedario


mare

Clipping of kumare, earlier variant of komadre.

Ano'ng tsika, mare?


anime

[ˌʔaː.n̪ɪˈmɛ]

Borrowed from English anime (“Japanese animation”), from Japanese アニメ (anime), an abbreviation of アニメーション (animēshon), itself from English animation, from Latin animātiō.


neutron

tl-noun

neutrón or neutron (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔)

neutrón (canonical)
neutron (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish neutrón, from English neutron.


nadir

Borrowed from Spanish nadir, from Medieval Latin nadir, from Arabic نَظِير السَّمْت (naẓīr as-samt).

der

نَظِير السَّمْت

celestial sphere
celestial sphere#English

nadir (point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith)


hara-kiri

ᜑᜇᜃᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
harakiri (alternative)

[ˌhaː.ɾɐ ˈkiː.ɾɪ]

Borrowed from Japanese 腹切(はらき)り (harakiri).


aa

aâ (canonical)
aà (canonical)
ᜀᜀ (Baybayin)

From the reduplication of Hokkien 齷 /龌 (ak, “dirty”), according to Manuel (1948).
Compare Indonesian eek.


aa

name of the Baybayin letter ᜀ, corresponding to "a"


edit

[ˈʔɛː.d̪ɪt̪̚]


ha

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜑ (ha).

the name of the Latin-script letter H/h, in the Abakada alphabet


uno

act of stammering, especially from embarrassment (usually reduplicated)


kimono

Borrowed from Japanese 着物(きもの) (kimono). Doublet of kimona, which refers to traditional short-sleeved loose blouse made of piña or jusi.


ta

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜆ (ta).

the name of the Latin-script letter T/t, in the Abakada alphabet


ta

ta (canonical)
tâ (canonical)
ᜆ (Baybayin)

command of execution for commands involving weapons such as a rifle or a sword


arbor

Backslang of Spanish robar (“to rob; to steal”).

May mga inumin sa mesa. Arbor ko na yung tsokolate.

There are food on the table. I call dibs on the chocolate.

Gusto ko ang pantalon mo ah! Pa-arbor naman niyan!

act of claiming something to be of one's possesion; dibs


libro

libró (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
libdo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish libro with a shift of stress, from Latin librum (“book”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


coke

ᜃᜓᜏ᜔ᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜃᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
kok (alternative proscribed)

Unadapted borrowing from English Coke, clipping of Coca-Cola.

Cola (cola-based soft drink, especially Coca-Cola)


zeta

Borrowed from Spanish zeta, the Spanish name of the letter Z /z, from Latin zēta or Ancient Greek ζῆτα (zêta).

the name of the Latin-script letter Z/z, in the Abecedario


idea

ideá (canonical)
idea (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ideya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish idea, from Latin idea, from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”).


talo

From Proto-Philippine *talu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talu. Cognate with Balinese ᬢᬮᬸ (talu, “defeated”). See also Malay takluk.

defeat; loss (in a contest, game, fight, etc.)


talo

(agriculture) transferring of what were sown


kilo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiluq. Compare Ilocano nakillo (“winding; twisted; broken (of language)”).

cog

quality of being bent, crooked, or curved (of lines, wires, branches, etc.)


kilo

Borrowed from Spanish kilo, or analytically, Clipping of kilogramo.


kilo

rafter; crossbeam that supports the roofing


neon

neón (canonical)
neon (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
neyon (alternative)
niyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish neón, from English neon, from Ancient Greek νέον (néon).


yumi

yumì (canonical)
ᜌᜓᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
lumi (alternative)

refined manners; modest behavior (especially of a young woman)

softness; tenderness to the touch (of texture)


yu

Borrowed from English u, the English name of the letter U /u.

the name of the Latin-script letter U/u, in the Filipino alphabet


em

From English em, the English name of the letter M /m.

the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Filipino alphabet


bus

Borrowed from English bus, clipping of omnibus, from French omnibus, from Latin omnibus (“to/for all”).


kana

Borrowed from Malay kena (“to contact; to have to do, to need to do; to be precise; deceived”), from Old Malay knā, from Proto-Austronesian *kəNa (“be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true”). Compare Ilocano kenna.

der

Nakana na ang wika ko.

walang kapapakanan

application; actualization; appropriation; usage for some purpose

May kana ang talaro mong iyan.

That scale of yours has some falsification.

(obsolete) deception or falsification of the weight of scales

Kanan mo ng dusa ang talampasan.

(obsolete) imposition of a penalty or payment


kana

May kana na itong bata.

The child already had her (first) menstruation.


Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).

the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Abakada alphabet


si

Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C /c.

the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Filipino alphabet


ar

Borrowed from English ar, the English name of the letter R /r.

the name of the Latin-script letter R/r, in the Filipino alphabet


ti

Borrowed from English tee, the English name of the letter T /t.

the name of the Latin-script letter T/t, in the Filipino alphabet


ga

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜄ (ga).

the name of the Latin-script letter G/g, in the Abakada alphabet


ge

Borrowed from Spanish ge, the Spanish name of the letter G /g.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter G/g, in the Abecedario


PG

Borrowed from English PG; the meaning being a phono-semantic matching of English parental guidance, coined by Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 2012.

coinage

initialism of patnubay at gabay (“parental guidance (television and motion picture rating in the Philippines)”)


terminal

términál (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English terminal or Spanish terminal.

terminal (station at either end of a transportation line)


la

Borrowed from Spanish la, from Latin labii.


la

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜎ (la).

the name of the Latin-script letter L/l, in the Abakada alphabet


ce

Borrowed from Spanish ce, the Spanish name of the letter C /c.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Abecedario


ra

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da).

the name of the Latin-script letter R/r, in the Abakada alphabet


pa

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜉ (pa).

the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Abakada alphabet


pa

(informal, familiar, childish) clipping of papa


am

ᜀᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
aam (alternative Batangas dialectal)

Borrowed from Hokkien 飲 /饮 (ám, “rice broth; rice water”).

bor+

Bigyan mo ng am ang bata.

rice water; white broth made from boiled rice


es

Borrowed from English ess, the English name of the letter S /s.

the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Filipino alphabet


FX

Genericized trademark from an ellipsis of English Tamaraw FX.

(road transport) a public transport service typically using a Tamaraw FX vehicle


pe

Borrowed from Spanish pe, the Spanish name of the letter P /p.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Abecedario


baba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babaq, from Proto-Austronesian *babaq (“lower surface, below, bottom”). Cognate with Malay bawah (“under, below”).


baba

getting off; alighting (from a vehicle or animal)

stepping down; abdication; resignation from office

decrease; lowering (of quantity or measurement)

putting down the phone; hanging up on a phone call


baba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, from Proto-Austronesian *baba (“to carry (a person piggyback)”). Cognate with Malay bawa (“to carry”).


baba

name of the Baybayin letter ᜊ (ba), corresponding to "ba"


real

reál (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
reyal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish real, from Latin rēgālis (“regal, royal”), from rēx.


halal

halál (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
hanal (alternative obsolete)

According to Zorc (1982), borrowed from Malay halal (“permitted; lawful”), from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl). Compare Kapampangan alal. See also etymology 2.

bor+

act of electing; act of voting for a candidate in an election

(obsolete) enactment of laws and mandates; legislation

Ang halal ng Kapitan, ay huwag magsugal.

The fundamental law by the Captain is to not gamble.

Yari ang halal ng Hukom.

(law, obsolete) constitution; fundamental law

(obsolete) designation; occupation; livelihood


way

Borrowed from English wye, the English name of the letter Y /y.

the name of the Latin-script letter Y/y, in the Filipino alphabet


ele

Borrowed from Spanish ele, the Spanish name of the letter L /l.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter L/l, in the Abecedario


toro

Borrowed from Spanish toro, from Latin taurus. Doublet of Tawro.

(slang, dated) live sex show; pay-per-view sex


Tagalog

[t̪ɐˈɣaː.loɡ̚]

Uncertain. Possibly:
* From taga- (“native of”) + alog (“ford”).
* From taga- (“native of”) + ilog (“river”).
* From Tagal, the name of some tribes in Borneo or Sumatra.


daan

daán (canonical)
daan (canonical)
ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
raan (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Compare Kapampangan dalan, Bikol Central dalan, Cebuano dalan /dan, Tausug dān, Kavalan razan, Chamorro chålan, Malay jalan, and Amis lalan.

[ˈd̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

Cardinal: sandaan Spanish cardinal: siyento Ordinal: ikasandaan

pansandaan Ordinal abbreviation: ika-100

pang-100 Adverbial: makasandaan Multiplier: sandaang ibayo Distributive: manaan

sandaanan Collective: daan Restrictive: sasandaan Fractional: ikaraan

act of passing through; act of passing by

(possibly obsolete, figurative) capacity left of a person to eat food when eating


mate

Borrowed from Spanish mate, from jaque mate (“checkmate”), from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king [is] dead”).

der

Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta)


banal

discomfort in one's bones (of the hands or feet)


aspirin

áspirín (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔas.pɪˈɾɪn̪]

Borrowed from English aspirin, from the genericized trademark of German Aspirin. Doublet of aspirina.


sine

Borrowed from Spanish cine, from a clipping of cinema, a reduction of cinematógrafo, from French cinématographe.


asetilen

asétilén (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜒᜆᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌsɛː.t̪ɪˈlɛn̪]


negro

tl-noun

negro (feminine negra, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish negro, from Latin nigrum.

(colloquial, usually derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) one with dark pigmentation of the skin, such as those of African descent with sub-Saharan origin

(archaic, rare) black (the color perceived in the absence of light)


pisa

suppuration; popping; squeezing to eject blood or pus from wounds or boils


tapas

act of dehusking a coconut (usually with a sharp bolo)

act of cutting off the top evenly (of a tree)


destino

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
distino (alternative)

Samantala ay naitanong ni Linares sa kura kung matatagpuan si Padre Damaso sa bagong destino niya . “Ang balita ko po ay di kalayuan dito ang bagong destino ni Padre Damaso.

1891, Jose Rizal, Noli me tangere, Translated into Tagalog by Pascual Poblete, published 1906:

Meanwhile, Linares asked the priest if he can find Father Damaso on his new assignment. "What I heard is Padre Damaso's new assignment is just nearby."

Ang reina ang nangako sa kaniya nguni't hindi ko malaman kung tatangapin pa niya ang destino ngayong ang nasa sa poder ay hindi niya kapartido.

1918, Gregorio Nieva, The Philippine Review: (Revista Filipina) ; a Monthly Magazine in English and Spanish:

The queen made a promise to him but I don't know if he'll accept his new post as the one in power is not a member of his party.

Sa disyerto raw ang destino ng trabaho ng tatay niya, ang lawaklawak daw ng disyerto sa Sodi, kahit anong layo ng tingin mo, disyerto ang makikita mo.

1992, Wilfredo Pa Virtusio, Bilanggo at iba pang akda:

His father is assigned on the desert, the vast desert of Saudi, and no matter how far you are now, all you see is desert.


lemur

Borrowed from Spanish lémur or English lemur, from Latin lemurēs (“spirits of the dead”).


Latina

Borrowed from Spanish latina, from Latin Latīna.
The slang sense originated from a TikTok video made by content creator Sesable, where she said that her makeup that made her look so “Latina”, likely referring to Hispanic or Latin American traits.


katal

katál (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ngatal (alternative)

chill or shivering due to cold, fear or anger


insula

Back-formation from insulasyon, from English insulation. Also, a pseudo-Hispanism thinking a verb Spanish insular (“insular; relating to islands”) exists to mean “to insulate”. However, the proper Spanish term for “to insulate” is Spanish aislar. See aysla. Alternatively, possibly borrowed from Spanish ínsula (“island”), from Latin īnsula, but the word is obsolete in Spanish. Possible doublet of isla.


altar

altár (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
antal (alternative obsolete)
artal (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish altar, from Old Spanish altar, from Latin altāre. Doublet of alta.

altar (flat-topped structure used for religious rites)


away

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *áway. Compare Cebuano away and Waray-Waray away.


estado

Borrowed from Spanish estado, from Latin stātus.


ser

Borrowed from English sir, from Middle English sir, unstressed form of sire, borrowed from Old French sire (“master, sir, lord”), from Latin senior (“older, elder”). Doublet of senyor.

sir (a respectful term of address to a man of higher rank or position (often older), especially if his name or proper title is unknown)


tuna

Borrowed from English tuna, from American Spanish alteration of the Spanish atún, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic اَلتُّنّ (at-tunn, “tuna”) from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Doublet of atun.


panda

Borrowed from English panda, from French panda, of unclear etymology.


ordenador

tl-noun

ordenadór (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

ordenadór (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔoɾ.d̪ɛ.n̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

A recent borrowing from Spanish ordenador.


video

vídeó (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bidyo (alternative)


propaganda

propaganda (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

Borrowed from Spanish propaganda, from New Latin prōpāganda, short for Congregātiō dē Prōpāgandā Fidē (“a committee of cardinals established in 1622 by Gregory XV to supervise foreign missions”, literally “congregation for propagating the faith”).


papa

papa (canonical)
papá (canonical)
ᜉᜉ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* /paˈpa/ from Spanish papá, adapted from French papa
* /papa/ from Hokkien 爸爸 (pâ-pâ)
* /ˈpapa/ from English papa / poppa


papa

(architecture) house with low roof and little airflow


papa

Borrowed from Spanish papa, from Latin pappa (“food; used regarding children”).

der

food for kids who are only just beginning to speak


papa

(obsolete) sewing two pieces of sheet widthwise


papa

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual

bee (Apis mellifera) that collects honey


papa

(zoology) telescope snail (Telescopium telescopium)


papa

name of the Baybayin letter ᜉ (pa), corresponding to "pa"


da

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da).

the name of the Latin-script letter D/d, in the Abakada alphabet


pare

ᜉᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
pre (alternative)
par (alternative)

Coordinate term: mare

(informal) Term of address to a male stranger


pare

parè (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
pre (alternative)
par (alternative)

(religion, archaic) alternative spelling of pari


bes

endearing term of address for one's friend, especially a close friend or bestfriend: friend; best friend


bes

Borrowed from Spanish vez, from Latin vicis (“change, alternation”). Doublet of beses.


dugong

Borrowed from Cebuano dugong, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ (“sea cow; dugong”). Doublet of duyong.


timbre

buzzer; electric bell (especially of a door)

push button of a buzzer or electric bell

(figurative, colloquial) act of alerting someone about something (especially in order to avoid being caught doing something wrong)


Cebuano

tl-noun

Cebuano (feminine Cebuana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜏᜈᜓ)


gabe

ᜄᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
gabi (alternative common)

→ English: gabi

From Proto-Philippine *gabi. Cognate with Mayoyao Ifugao gabi, Hanunoo gabi, and Cebuano gabi.

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual


gabe

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


oasis

Borrowed from Spanish oasis, from Late Latin Oasis (“name of various oases”), from Ancient Greek Ὄασις (Óasis), from Demotic wḥj, from Egyptian wḥꜣt (“oasis, cauldron”), G43-V28-G1-X1:N25.


unda

undâ (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
onda (alternative)
onra (alternative)

towing; hauling of a boat, raft, or vehicle using a rope or chain

(obsolete) tying a boat to a pole to avoid sinking

(obsolete) carrying wood on the shoulder


unda

undá (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
onda (alternative)
onra (alternative)

Early borrowing of Spanish honra, earlier spelled as honrra.

honor or privilege on paper given to nobility

Itong paghahanap mo ng unda, siya yatang ikapapakasama mo.

This search of yours for honor, may be your condemnation.


lupa

From Greater Central Philippine *lupaʔ (“earth”). Compare Maranao lopa', Maguindanao lopa, and Tausug lupa'. Possibly related to Sanskrit रुप् (rúp, “earth”). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Malay rupa (“form, appearance”), from Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”). Compare Ilocano rupa.

cog

bangang lupa

tinubuang lupa

(obsolete) act of owning a land property


libra

Borrowed from Spanish libra, from Latin libra.


mano

Borrowed from Spanish mano, from Latin manus.

mano; taking of an elder's hand to press it to one's forehead or kiss it (as a sign of respect)

right of a player to be first in playing (as in batting in baseball)

quire (one-twentieth of a ream of paper)


mano

Borrowed from Spanish mano, clipping of hermano.


puso

pusò (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
poso (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq. Compare Ilocano puso, Batad Ifugao pūhu, Sambali poso, Kapampangan pusu, Central Tagbanwa putok, Bikol Central puso, Hiligaynon tagipusoon, Maranao poso', and Javanese ꦥꦸꦱꦸꦃ (pusuh).

(figurative) inmost thoughts and feelings; conscience


dragon

Borrowed from Spanish dragón, from Latin dracōnem, from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “serpent, dragon”).


pintig

[pɪn̪ˈt̪ɪɡ̚]

pintig ng puso


iso

Lutjanus argentimaculatus
Wikispecies:Lutjanus argentimaculatus

mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus)


iso

checking of the strength of a knot or tie (by shaking with one's hand)


iso

evasiveness; simulating (used in paiso-iso)


peg

Ano ba'ng peg mo ha?

Ang ganda mo! Miss Universe lang ang peg?

You're so beautiful! You're trying to be like a Miss Universe?


pluma

pen (any writing instrument that uses ink)


lago

From Proto-Philippine *lagúq (“to flourish, of plants”). Possibly related to Sanskrit लघु (laghú, “well; in good health; healthy”). Compare Pangasinan lago (“healthy; robust individual”) and Kapampangan lagu (“beauty; tenderness of plants”).

cog

(figurative) progress; development; growth


alma

Borrowed from Spanish armar, from Latin armāre.

rising on hind legs (rearing up) in violent protest, rage, or bad temper (as of horses)

(figurative) rising in violent protest or anger

(figurative) tantrum; fit of bad temper (as of a child)


alma

Borrowed from Spanish alma, from Old Spanish alma, from Latin anima. Doublet of anima.


santo

tl-noun

santo or santó (feminine santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

santo (canonical)
santó (canonical)
santa (feminine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Santo (alternative)
Sto. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish santo, from Old Spanish sancto, from Latin sānctus.


Santa

Santa (masculine Santo/San, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)

Santo (masculine)
San (masculine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
Sta. (alternative abbreviation)

title used with the name of female saints: Saint; St.


mongol

Genericized trademark from a well-known brand name of pencils, registered as a trademark on August 23, 1949.


lira

Borrowed from Spanish lira (“lyre”), from Latin lyra, from Ancient Greek λύρα (lúra).


lira

Borrowed from Spanish lira (“lira”), from Latin libra. Doublet of libra.


pera

Borrowed from Spanish perra (“cash; 5 and 10 centimo peseta coins”, literally “bitch / female dog”), feminine of perro (“dog”), due to the circulation of perra gorda (“ten centimo peseta coin”), perra chica (“five centimo peseta coin”). Such coins depicted a poorly drawn Spanish heraldic lion rampant regardant and people called the lion humorously a perra.
Potet (2016) also remarked that the word seems to be a cross between Malay perak and Spanish perra, wherein an interference could have occurred between the colloquial senses of Spanish perra (“cash; dough (money)”, literally “bitch (dog)”) and Malay perak (“coin”, literally “silver”). See also pilak.
Alternatively, possibly from Spanish pela (“one peseta coin”, literally “a hit or beating”), also with a similar lion design.


admiral

Borrowed from English admiral. Doublet of almirante.


ada

Borrowed from Spanish hada (“fairy”), from Vulgar Latin Fāta (“goddess of fate”), from the plural of Latin fātum (“fate”).


agape

ágapé (canonical)
agapé (canonical)
ᜀᜄᜉᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐˈpɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish ágape; from Latin agapē, from Ancient Greek ἀγάπη (agápē).

agape (spiritual, altruistic, beneficial love)


ale

Unknown. Possibly from Sanskrit आली (ālī, “female friend”).

(colloquial) term of address for a woman


alkali

Borrowed from Spanish álcali, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الْقِلْي (al-qily).


lobo

Coordinate term: loba


lobo

Borrowed from Spanish globo with apheresis, from Latin globus. Doublet of globo.


amen

amén (canonical)
amen (canonical)
ᜀᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish amén, from Ecclesiastical Latin āmēn, from Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “certainly, truly”).

der

hand-kissing of one's elders (as a sign of respect)

saying of yes to everything that another says


tilde

Borrowed from Spanish tilde, with semantic loan from English tilde.


apa

According to Panganiban (1973) and English (1987), this is of Japanese [Term?] origin. Attested as early as 1910s.


bapa

Possibly borrowed from Malay bapa (“father; uncle”), from Old Javanese bapa, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *appa. Compare Kapampangan bapa (“uncle”). See also Kapampangan ibpa (“father”).

bor+

term of address for a male person regardless of age


batis

continuous flow of water from its source


Malay

Borrowed from English Malay, from Malay Melayu. Doublet of Malayo.


barat

Borrowed from Spanish barato. Doublet of balato and barato.


tali

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talih, from Proto-Austronesian *CaliS. Compare Paiwan calis, Kulon-Pazeh saris, Malay tali, Ilocano tali, Chamorro tali, Ma'anyan tadi, Malagasy tady, Tetum tali, Yapese tael, Pohnpeian sahl, Fijian dali, Maori tari.

rope; string; twine; cord (something used for tying)

(by extension, colloquial) long confinement in the house (due to sickness, work, etc.)

having one's tubes tied
have one's tubes tied

(by extension, colloquial) act of having one's tubes tied; tube tying


pisang

(eastern Marinduque) piece; fragment; portion


ingat

[ˈʔiː.ŋɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iŋat, from Proto-Austronesian *iŋət. Compare Malay ingat (“to remember”) and Urak Lawoi' อีงัยจ (ingac, “to think”).


kawan

Borrowed from Malay kawan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“companion, member of a group (of animals or people); friend”). Doublet of kaban.

inh

herd; flock; school; swarm (group of animal together, especially of the same kind)


hitam

Borrowed from Malay hitam (“black”), from Proto-Malayic *hitəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm. Doublet of itim.


hamba

jamb (vertical component that form the side of an opening in a wall)


makan

makán (canonical)
ᜋᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
macan (alternative)

From either Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), or Spanish Macán, an obsolete form of Macao according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".

(botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice

(zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked


kaki

foot-tapping; beating tempo with the feet


kaki

Borrowed from Spanish caqui, from English khaki, ultimately from Persian خاکی (xâki, “dusty, earthy, earth-colored”).


lagi

lagì (canonical)
lagi (canonical)
ᜎᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
lagui (alternative)
lgi (alternative Internet)

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lagi (emphatic particle), possibly borrowed from Malay lagi. Compare Javanese ꦭꦒꦶ (lagi).


bord

board (long, wide and thin piece of wood or other material)

board (short for blackboard, whiteboard, etc.)

board (regular meals or amount paid for them in a place of lodging)


numero

Borrowed from Spanish número, from Latin numerus.


pong

Borrowed from Hokkien 碰 (phòng). Compare English pung, Japanese 碰(ポン) (pon), Mandarin 碰 (pèng), Cantonese 碰 (pung³).

(mahjong) pung (a set of three identical tiles)

(playground games) the word that the tagged it says when catching a playmate, as in the game of hide and seek


kuya

ᜃᜓᜌ (Baybayin)
coya (alternative)
cuya (alternative)
koya (alternative colloquial)

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognate with Cebuano kuya and Kapampangan koya. Compare guya and piaya.

Tumutulong si kuya sa aming mga magulang sa mga gawaing bahay.

Our big brother helps our parents do housework.

Tinanong ko ang kuya sa hayskul, "Kuya, ano po ang mga gawain niyo sa hayskul".

I asked my senior from high school, "Bro, What activities do you do in high school?"

(informal) term of address for a male senior (in school, work, etc.)

Bumili ako ng sorbetes kay kuya.

(informal) term of address for any young male perceived to be older than the speaker: mister; bro


alumna

Borrowed from Spanish alumna, from Latin alumna. The modern sense is a semantic loan from English alumna.

female equivalent of alumno: alumna (female graduate)

(dated) female equivalent of alumno: alumna (female pupil or student)


anak

anák (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
nak (alternative informal)

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak. Compare Acehnese aneuk, Balinese ᬧᬦᬓ᭄ (panak), Ibanag ana, Lubuagan Kalinga alak, Makasar ana', Malagasy ánaka, Malay anak, kanak, Nias ono, Siraya alak, and Western Cham anâk.

term of address to a child, especially toward one's child


anak

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


di

Borrowed from English dee, the English name of the letter D /d.

the name of the Latin-script letter D/d, in the Filipino alphabet


mahal

desc

→ Bikol Central: mahal (“dear, expensive”)

→ Cebuano: mahal (“dear, expensive”)

Possibly from Sanskrit महार्घ (mahārgha) via Malay mahal. Compare Kapampangan mal, Bikol Central mahal, Cebuano mahal, Asi mahay, and Javanese ꦩꦲꦭ꧀ (mahal).

O aking mahal, sadyang pinagtagpo tayo ng tadhana!

O my beloved, we have been led to meet by fate!


atas

allocation; partition (as of heirs obtaining shares of inheritance)


awas

act of subtracting or deducting (from a larger amount)

dismissal from class or work (of students or workers)

act of unharnessing a work animal (from a plow, vehicle, etc.)


awas

overflow (of liquid, especially of boiling water or liquid)

condition of being overfilled (of a container)

something that spilled from an overflowing container (of water, liquid, cereal, etc.)

(by extension, colloquial) overcrowdedness (in a showhouse, etc.)


ayo

consenting; acquiescence (especially to a wrong conduct or behavior)


ayo

Tetrastigma serrulatum (a tendril-bearing woody vine)


sa

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).

the name of the Latin-script letter S/s, in the Abakada alphabet


andar

Borrowed from Spanish andar (“to function”).

bor+

progress; operation (of a business or an enterprise)


abang

From Proto-Central Philippine *abaŋ, from Proto-Philippine *abaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *abaŋ. Compare Aklanon abang, Balinese ᬳᬫ᭄ᬩᬂ (ambang), and Kambera amba.

trap; snare (placed or set up strategically)

act of waiting (for a person, an opportunity, etc.)


raha

raha (canonical)
rahá (canonical)
ᜇᜑ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish rajá, from French radjah, rajah, ultimately from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan). Penultimate stress is influenced by English rajah, with the ⟨j⟩ being pronounced as in Spanish /x/, corresponding to /h/ in Tagalog. Supplanted the older form ladya.

rajah (title of a sovereign in most of pre-16th century Philippine Islands)


punto

tl-noun

punto or puntó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

punto (canonical)
puntó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
ponto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish punto, from Latin pūnctum (“point”). Doublet of puntos.


ensayo

Borrowed from Spanish ensayo (“essay”), from Late Latin exagium.


tema

(colloquial) resentment (often expressed indirectly in one's words)


bodka

Borrowed from Spanish vodka or English vodka. Ultimately from Russian во́дка (vódka).


kura

Borrowed from Spanish cura, from Ecclesiastical Latin cūra (“monastic office holder, obedientiary”) from Latin cūra (“warden, administrator”).


kura

outdoor picnic held near a spring, river, lake, or any waterway


ani

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanih (“harvest”), from Proto-Austronesian *qaniS (“harvest”). Compare Aklanon ani, Cebuano ani, and Tausug ani, as well as dialectal Malay ani-ani (“harvesting knife”).

(figurative) outcome of one's work; consequence of one's effort


duda

Borrowed from Spanish duda, from dudar, from Latin dubitare.


gasolina

ᜄᜐᜓᜎᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
gasulina (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish gasolina, from English gasoline.


lumi

softening of leaves (of bananas, tobacco, etc.)

(grammar) penultimate syllabic stress (with a glottal ending)


lumi

lumì (canonical)
lumî (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋᜒ (Baybayin)


shawarma

Ultimately from Arabic شَاوَرْمَا (šāwarmā), from Ottoman Turkish چویرمه (çevirme).

Arabic شَاوَرْمَا (šāwarmā)

shawarma (a Middle Eastern sandwich-like wrap)


paha

Borrowed from Spanish faja, from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia.

paper band such as those wrapped around newspapers or magazines for addressing and mailing purposes


paha

Borrowed from Spanish paja, from Old Spanish paxa, from Latin palea.


dedo

Borrowed from Spanish dedo, from Old Spanish dedo, from Latin digitus. Doublet of dihito.


toga

Borrowed from Spanish toga, from Latin toga.

cap and gown; ceremonial gown or robe (worn by a graduate, lawyer, judge, professor etc.)

toga (garment used by the citizens of ancient Rome)


saha

From Proto-Central Philippine *sáhaʔ (“shoot of plant”). Compare Bikol Central saha, Cebuano saha, Hiligaynon saha, and Waray-Waray saha. Alternatively, borrowed from Hokkien 棕合 (chang-ha̍h), according to Manuel (1948).


padre

Borrowed from Spanish padre, from Latin pater. Doublet of pari.

(religion) a term of respectful address for a priest


kuba

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Lagablab sa utak ni Damian Rosa: bat iba pang kwento, Color & Pages Pub.
"Magiliw siyang makipag-usap sa 'kin kahit kuba ako, kahit alam niyang basagulero 'ko at magulo lalo na kung nakainom. Hindi siya nandidiri sa 'kin gaya nu'ng iba. Madalas niya 'kong yayaing sumayaw. Lagi akong tumatanggi. Hindi ako ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tsunami

[t͡ʃʊˈn̪aː.mɪ]

Borrowed from English tsunami, from Japanese 津波(つなみ) (tsunami), from 津 (tsu, “harbor”) + 波 (nami, “wave”).


che

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
tse (alternative)
se (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish che, the Spanish name of the letter CH /ch.

the name of the Latin-script letter CH/ch, in the Abecedario


tong

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly either:
* 當 /当 (tong, “to bear; to take responsibility; to match equally”) as recorded in Barclay (1923) in Douglas (1873), where "the person who supplies a private gambling party with room, cards, and food, (customarily) receives a percentage of the winnings" as per Barclay (1923).
* 東 /东 (tong, “host”, literally “east”) according to Manuel (1948) as in 做東 /做东 (chòe-tong / chò-tong, “to act as a host”) or 作東 /作东 (chok-tong) as recorded in Douglas (1873), because it was customary in China for the host to sit on the east side of the room or table when receiving a guest, who usually stays on the west side, as per Manuel (1948).
Chan-Yap (1980) also records a ⟨“tôŋ”⟩ (POJ: tong), which she described as 'percentage cut of a gambling taken from winners', though she was not clear on which term in Hokkien that she meant by this.
Compare Ilocano tong (“bribe money”), agtong (“to give bribe money”).

(gambling) percentage cut or commission of the winnings taken from the winner/s for the banker/dealer or owner of the gambling house


tong

Borrowed from Hokkien 黨 /党 (tóng, “faction; club; cabal”), as recorded in Douglas (1873). Compare English tong.

bor+

association; political party; secret society


abuso

Borrowed from Spanish abuso (“abuse”), from Latin abūsus.


epistola

epístolá (canonical)
ᜁᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish epístola, from Late Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ).


mesa

Borrowed from Spanish mesa (“table”), from Vulgar Latin mēsa, from Latin mēnsa.

the landing platform in the middle of a staircase


adenitis

[ʔɐ.d̪ɛˈn̪iː.t̪ɪs]


segundo

ᜐᜒᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sigundo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish segundo, from Latin secundus (“second”); related to Latin sequor (“follow”).

ellipsis of segundo-almuwerso (“midmorning snack; second breakfast”)


seis

seís (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜁᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
sais (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish seis, from Latin sex. Compare Cebuano sayis.


asin

From Proto-Austronesian *qasiN. Compare Bikol Central asin, Cebuano asin, Fijian masima, Ilocano asin, Malay asin, and Tetum masin, Tongan māsima.

salting; applying of salt (especially to preserve food)

(colloquial) taste of salt (in cooked food)


alpa

Borrowed from Spanish alfa, from Ancient Greek ἄλφα (álpha), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ /ʾālep/).


alpa

alpa (canonical)
alpá (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)


palabra

Borrowed from Spanish palabra, from Old Spanish parabla, from Late Latin, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabola, parabula, and parol.


adulto

Borrowed from Spanish adulto (“adult”), from Latin adultus.

Noong nakaraang Setyembre ang kauna-unahang pagkakataon na inilipat ng mga doktor ang himaymay ng ipinagbubuntis na sanggol sa mga utak ng dalawang adulto na mayroong Parkinson’s disease.

1988, “Pagmamasid sa Daigdig”, in Gumising!, archived from the original on 2020-09-12:

Last September was the first time doctors transplanted fetal tissue into the brains of two adults suffering from Parkinson’s disease.


aeroplano

tl-noun

aeroplano (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓ)

ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


tenor

underlying meaning shown (by the drift of words or tone of voice)


alto

Borrowed from Spanish alto, from Italian alto, from Latin altus. Doublet of alta.


ala

Borrowed from Spanish ala, from Latin āla.

(architecture) extension of building sideways


gaan

From Proto-Philippine *ʀaqan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaqan. Compare Bikol Central gian.


gata

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gatəq, *ʀataq. Compare Hiligaynon gata, Isnag xatta, , Masbatenyo gata, and Tausug gata'.


madam

madám (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
mam (alternative)

Borrowed from English madam, from Middle English madame, from Old French madame, from ma (“my”) + dame (“lady”), from post-classical Latin mea domina.

madam (polite term of address to a woman)

(slang) madam (woman who manages a brothel)


alba

Borrowed from Spanish alba, from Vulgar Latin *alba, from Latin albus. Doublet of album.


albatros

álbatrós (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English albatross, from Spanish and Portuguese alcatraz.


emperador

emperadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

emperadór (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛm.pɛ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]


albino

albino (one congenitally lacking melanin)


album

Borrowed from Spanish álbum or English album, from Latin album (“blank white writing tablet”).


diga

lemon juice (the liquid extract of lemon fruit)

dye; sap or coloring matter obtained from bark of trees


dike

Borrowed from Spanish dique, from Dutch dijk.


pirata

[pɪˈɾaː.t̪ɐ]


por

Borrowed from Spanish por, from Late Latin pōr, from Latin prō.


ergo

(Marinduque, in general) language; speech


virus

tl-noun

virus (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ or ᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜊᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bayrus (alternative)
vayrus (alternative)
birus (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from English virus, from Latin vīrus. Doublet of bisa and birus. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).


metro

(by extension) tape measure, measuring tape


abad

Borrowed from Spanish abad (“abbot”), from Old Spanish abad, abbat, from Latin abbātem, from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”). Doublet of abate.


abo

From Proto-Central Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


abra

Borrowed from Spanish abra, from French havre.


aba

Borrowed from Spanish ave, from Latin avē (“hello, hail”). The senses “calling of attention” could possibly be borrowed from Spanish aba (“watch out”), either from Latin apage (“go away”), from Ancient Greek άπαγε (ápage), or from Arabic اِبْعَد.

der

Arabic اِبْعَد

act of greeting or calling the attention of someone

reminder or call of attention for someone about something


ako

akò (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
aco (alternative)
aq (alternative Internet slang)
akesh (alternative slang)
aketch (alternative slang)
akiz (alternative slang)

From Proto-Philippine *akuʔ (“accept responsibility”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku (“I; claim as one's own; mine”), from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

inh

act of assuming the responsibility, obligation, or duties


susi

Borrowed from Hokkien 鎖匙 /锁匙 (só-sî, “key”). Compare Ilocano susi (“padlock”) and Indonesian sosi.

bor+

(colloquial) answer; solution (to a puzzle, problem, etc.)


susi

Borrowed from Malay suci, ultimately from Sanskrit शुचि (śuci).


magnate

[mɐɡˈn̪aː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish magnate, from Late Latin magnātēs, plural of magnās, from magnus (“great”).


droga

Borrowed from Spanish droga (“drug”), from French drogue, from Middle French drogue, from Middle Dutch droge.

(dated) drug (any substance used to treat an illness)

drug (typically illegal psychoactive substance)


bana

Borrowed from Kapampangan bana (“lowland; marshland”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəna (“lower part of a river; tidal bore”). Compare Malay bena.


bana

bana (canonical)
banà (canonical)
ᜊᜈ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Cebuano bana (“husband”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banah (“husband”), from Proto-Austronesian *baNaS (“male (of animals)”).


balena

[bɐˈlɛː.n̪ɐʔ]


tumor

Borrowed from Spanish tumor, from Latin tumor.


una

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unah, from Proto-Austronesian *(q)uNah. Compare Remontado Agta u-na. False cognate of Spanish una.

inh+

first (of a person, thing, kind, rank, etc.)


loa

ᜎᜓᜏ (Baybayin)
lowa (alternative)
luwa (alternative)

poetic panegyric of eulogy (usually in praise of the Virgin Mary and the saints)


kula

Possibly from Spanish colar (“to sift; to strain”).

bleaching of clothes under the sun (usually with blueing)


kula

Geodorum densiflorum (terrestrial orchid)


tata

Possibly borrowed from Philippine Spanish tata (“daddy”). See also tatay, tatang.

(archaic) term of address used for one's father

(archaic) respectful term of address used for an older man

(dialectal) term of address used for an uncle


tata

tatà (canonical)
tatâ (canonical)
ᜆᜆ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]

small, thin cut made on the edge of something to indicate a mark or sign (as in measuring or counting)

cut used as a foothold in climbing (made on the trunk of a tree, on a steep rock, etc.)

(obsolete) act of splitting by marking (as when one splits the husk to make a coconut a drinking vessel)


tata

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜆ, corresponding to "ta"


tren

Borrowed from Spanish tren, from French train.


omelet

[ˌʔoː.mɛˈlɛt̪̚]


page

ᜉᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
pagi (alternative)
pagui (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *paʀih, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀih, from Proto-Austronesian *paʀiS. Compare Malay pari & Fijian vai.


park

Borrowed from English park, from Middle English park, from Old French parc (“livestock pen”), from Medieval Latin parcus, parricus, from Frankish *parrik (“enclosure, pen, fence”).


waag

state or condition of being wide-open and clear for viewing


maestro

tl-noun

maestro (feminine maestra, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ or ᜋᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

maestra (feminine)
ᜋᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
ᜋᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
maysto (alternative)
maisto (alternative)
mestro (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish maestro, from Latin magister, magistrum. Compare Kapampangan mestru and English master. Doublet of mister.


puke

puke (canonical)
pukè (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
poqui (alternative)
puqui (alternative)
puki (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puki, from Proto-Austronesian *puki. Compare with Malay puki.


ma

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜋ (ma).

the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Abakada alphabet


ma

(zoology) mollusk with a shell that looks like a coat of mail


ay

Borrowed from English i, the English name of the letter I /i.

the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Filipino alphabet


kama

Borrowed from Spanish cama, from Late Latin cama.


lapis

Borrowed from Spanish lápiz (“pencil”), from Latin lapis. Doublet of lapida.

doublespotted queenfish (Scomberoides lysan)


kiki

Reduplication of the last syllable of puki.


kiki

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1972).

expulsion from the mouth by pushing out with the tongue


kamera

Borrowed from English camera, from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), of Old Iranian origin. Doublet of kamara.


kobra

collection of debts, payment, bets (esp. in jueteng), etc.


kobra

Borrowed from English cobra or Spanish cobra, from Portuguese cobra (“snake”).


politika

polítiká (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
pulitika (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish política, from Latin polītica, from Ancient Greek πολιτικῇ (politikêi).


silo

lasso; lariat; rope or cord with a running noose (for catching animals)

(figurative) trick to catch an unsuspecting person; trap


saga

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual

rosary pea; Abrus precatorius (plant and seeds, of which is used to make rosary beads)


matematika

matemátiká (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜒᜋᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish matemática, from Latin mathematica, from Ancient Greek μαθηματικά (mathēmatiká).


sirup

Borrowed from English syrup, from Middle English sirup, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”). Doublet of harabe.


sate

cord; strong string (used in spinning tops, etc.)


sate

Borrowed from Malay sate, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”).


sangat

[ˈsaː.ŋɐt̪̚]

hook (especially one fastened at one end of a pole for hooking something)

barb (of a fishhook, harpoon, arrow, spear, etc.)

fork-shaped projection on the top of a prop or support (to prevent something from falling)

ball-and-socket joint
ball-and-socket joint


tubo

From Proto-Philippine *tubuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq (cf. Fijian tubu (“to grow”), Javanese ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “to grow”), Maori tupu (“to grow”), Malay tubuh (“body”) / tumbuh (“to grow”)), from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq (cf. Paiwan cuvuq (“sprout”)).


tubo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh (cf. Chamorro tupu, Kapampangan atbu, Sambali tabo, Malay tebu, Tausug tubu), from Proto-Austronesian *təbuS (cf. Kavalan tbus, Paiwan tjevus).


tubo

Borrowed from Spanish tubo, from Latin tubus.

glass bulb or tube (used to protect the light of a lamp)


barik

ᜊᜇᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
barek (alternative colloquial)
baric (alternative)

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual


madre

Borrowed from Spanish madre, from Latin mātrem, singular accusative of māter (“mother, matron”).

(carpentry, in general) frame; spindle; principal piece, log, or beam

(chemistry) principal chemical vehicle (in a solution)


despertador

tl-noun

despertadór (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

despertadór (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
dispertador (alternative)


abece

abecé or ábéce (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜐᜒ)

abecé (canonical)
ábéce (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔaːˈbɛː.sɛ]

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish abecé, from the first three letters of the Spanish alphabet.


handbag

ᜑᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜊᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
hanbag (alternative)

handbag; purse (small bag carried in the hand)


ow

From English o, the English name of the letter O /o.

alternative form of o: the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Filipino alphabet


tonto

tonto (feminine tonta, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

(informal, vulgar, offensive) fool; idiot; simpleton; dunce


abogado

abogado (feminine abogada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜄᜇᜓ)

abogada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜓᜄᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
abugado (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish abogado (“lawyer”), from Latin advocātus, calque of Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos).


misa

Borrowed from Spanish misa, from Late Latin missa.


singa

snapping sound made as if from the nose by felines


TNT

[ˌt̪iː.ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɪ]

Either from initialism of takbo nang takbo or tago nang tago.

Bukod sa mga masasamang kontrata at ilegal na rekruter, naririyan ang mga TNT, o tago nang tago. Marami sa mga entertainer at prosti ang may dalang visa na estudyante, propesyonal, o tuns ta.

Ang TNT ay iyong mga nagturista sa ibang bansa, hindi babalik sa itinakdang araw, maglalagi na doon at tago na nang tago o nagti-TNT. Tinatawag din silang NPA (no permanent address). May mga tinatawag na paper worker o mga TNT na ...

2003, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Mga talang pangwika at pangkasaysayan, →ISBN:

Pero hindi ko sinasabing citizens o immigrants lang, pati mga TNT. Dahil siguro sa psychological trauma due to their illegal stay. Kasi nga, ang problema, kahit gustuhin nilang umuwi ng Pilipinas, hindi sila makauwi dahil hindi naman nila ...

undocumented immigrant
undocumented immigrant

illegal immigrant; undocumented immigrant


pala

Borrowed from Malay pahala (“reward; grant”), from Sanskrit फल (phála, “fruit; benefit”). Compare Kapampangan pala, Maguindanao pahala, and Tausug pahala'.


pala

Borrowed from Spanish pala (“shovel; spade”).

(colloquial) person paid to applaud or perform paid activities


tala

Uncertain. Possibly from either:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talaq.
* From Sanskrit तारा (tārā, “star”). Possible doublet of estrelya.
Compare Balinese ᬢᬭᬵ (tala) and Kapampangan tala.

(astronomy, strictly) morning star; any bright star (except the Sun)

(astronomy, loosely) any astronomical body (such as a star, a planet, or a comet)

(figurative) celebrity (artist, actor, etc.)


tala

Derived from Sanskrit ताल (tāla, “palmyra or fan palm tree”) whose leaves were used to write on, according to Potet (2016). Compare Cebuano mantala.


tala

Limnophila rugosa (a type of marshweed used for cooking as an aromatic)


laya

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Virgilio S. Almario
Vocabulario de la lengua tagala
Zeus A. Salazar

Possibly from a blend of layaw (“satisfaction of one's needs and desires”) + haya (“at ease; allow; tolerate”), according to Virgilio S. Almario (1992). However, historian Zeus A. Salazar (1999) argued that the word was a standalone word and was already part of the Tagalog vocabulary by mid-19th century despite not being included in Fr. Noceda and Sanlucar's Vocabulario de la lengua tagala. In addition, malaya (“free”) was listed as a surname in the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos which was first published 1849. See also Ilocano waya.

blend

ease of movement or performance; facility


loro

Borrowed from Spanish loro, from Taíno roro.


espada

Borrowed from Spanish espada, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Compare Tausug ispara.

a kind of aquatic plant with fibrous roots


limit

Borrowed from English limit, from Middle English limit, from Old French limit, from Latin līmes. Doublet of limite.

limit (final, utmost, or furthest point; the border or edge)

limit (restriction; bound beyond which one may not go)


tarp

Borrowed from English tarp, clipping of tarpaulin.

tarpaulin (heavy, waterproof sheet of material)


basil

Compare Hanunoo basol and Cebuano basol.


nana

[ˈn̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq. Compare Malay nanah.


nana

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜈ, corresponding to "na"


polo

Borrowed from English polo, from Balti پولو (polo).

Maraming reklamo si Arni tungkol sa initiation; sisisihin pa nito si Sid dahil ito ang pumilit sa kanyang sumali sa frat. Magsusuot ng polo si Arni. Halos hindi niya maigalaw ang kanyang braso.

1981, Clodualdo Del Mundo, Writing for Film:

Arni have a lot of complaints about the initiation; he even blamed Sid for forcing him to join the frat. Arni would wear a polo shirt. He could almost not move his arms.


polo

Borrowed from Spanish polo, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos).


polo

Borrowed from Spanish polo (“corvée”), which came from either:
* From pulo, ikapulo (“tenth”) or tithe (diezmos prediales), for a tenth (10%) of the harvest is given to the Church. Related to etymology 5.
* From corruption of polong, Hispanicized spelling of Tagalog pulong, meaning “community work”.

unpaid compulsory work; corvee; forced labor

tax levied on the natives and paid as labor, goods, and/or money


punta

Possibly from Spanish puntar (“point”) or Spanish apuntar (“aim”).

Saan ang punta mo?

Where will you go? (lit. Where is your destination?)


punta

a piece of bamboo with metal wire hooked on both sides, which is hooked to a pail or bucket, and is carried on the shoulders


pastor

tl-noun

pastór (feminine pastora, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

pastór (canonical)
pastora (feminine)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish pastor. Doublet of pastol, an early borrowing.


laki

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl, with elision of /l/ then a sound shift of /d/ to /l/. Compare Yami rako, Ilocano dakkel, Pangasinan dakel, Kankanaey dakdakë, Dupaningan Agta dakal, Ibaloi shakel, Isnag dakkal, Kapampangan dakal, Kapampangan dagul, Bikol Central dakol, Cebuano dako, Hiligaynon daku, Agusan Manobo dakey, and Maranao dakel.

size; measurement (especially in bigness)


helmet

Borrowed from English helmet, from Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, ultimately from Germanic origin. Doublet of almete.


opera

→ Tausug: upira

Borrowed from Spanish operar (“to operate”). Doublet of ubra.

(medicine) act of operating (in surgery)


opera

[ˌʔoː.pɛˈɾa]

Italian language
Latin language
Spanish language

Borrowed from Spanish ópera (“opera”), from Italian opera, from Latin opera (“work, labor”). Doublet of obra.


agahan

[ʔɐˈɣaː.hɐn̪]


almusal

almusál (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
almosal (alternative colloquial)
amosal (alternative)
amusal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish almorzar (“to have lunch”), and underwent semantic shift from “lunch” to “breakfast”.


tanghalian

tl-noun

tanghalian (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜅ᜔ᜑᜎᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

[t̪ɐŋ.hɐˈliː.ʔɐn̪]


hapunan

perching time; roosting time (of a bird)


meryenda

ᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
merienda (alternative)
miryenda (alternative)

[mɛɾˈjɛn̪.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish merienda, derivative of merendar. Doublet of mirindal.

Sigurado akong natuwa si Lola sa pinaghandaan mo para sa kanya na meryenda.

I'm sure Grandmother was pleased with the snack you had prepared for her.


keso

ᜃᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
cqiso (alternative)
kiso (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish queso (“cheese”), from Latin cāseus (“cheese”).


distrito

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


kung fu

Borrowed from English kung fu, from the Wade–Giles romanization (kung¹-fu⁵) of Mandarin 功夫 (gōngfu, “skill, accomplishment, martial art”).


bira

Borrowed from Spanish virar (“to veer”).


bira

Borrowed from Spanish vida (“life”). Doublet of bida.

a term of endearment used for young children


anagram

[ˌʔaː.n̪ɐˈɡɾam]

Borrowed from English anagram, either from Middle French anagramme or from Latin anagramma, from Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “up, back”) + γράμμα (grámma, “letter”). Doublet of anagrama.


hentai

From English hentai, a semantic shift from Japanese 変態(へんたい) (hentai, “pervert”).

hentai (sexual or pornographic anime or manga)


imam

imám (canonical)
imam (canonical)
ᜁᜋᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
iman (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic إِمَام (ʔimām, “leader”), possibly through English or Philippine languages spoken mostly by Muslims.


primera

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
primira (alternative)
pirimira (alternative)

[pɾɪˈmɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish primera, from primero, from Latin prīmārius.


pook

poók (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜂᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pooc (alternative)
puok (alternative obsolete)


jologs

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

(common) alternative spelling of dyologs


wari

warì (canonical)
ᜏᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
uari (alternative)

one's own opinion; estimation; judgement

careful deliberation in one's mind; reflection

(obsolete) humility in confession of one's sins


puro

condition of being pure or unadulterated

last card or number (of a pair) being awaited to be drawn in order to win


amo

Borrowed from Spanish amo (“master of the house”).


amo

From Greater Central Proto-Philippine *amúʔ. Compare Hanunoo amo (“monkey”), Bikol Central amo (“monkey”), Cuyunon amoy (“small monkey”), Hiligaynon amo (“monkey”) and Tausug amu'.


pila

Borrowed from Spanish fila (“line”), from French file (“line”).


pila

Borrowed from Spanish pila (“small battery”), from Latin pīla (“pillar”).


ref

Unadapted borrowing from English ref, a clipping of refrigerator. Colloquially used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).


adobe

[ʔɐˈd̪oː.bɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish adobe, from Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb), from Sahidic Coptic ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe, “brick”), from Demotic  (tb, “brick”), from Egyptian Db-b-t:O39 (ḏbt, “brick, block, ingot”).

der

Arabic اَلطُّوب (aṭ-ṭūb)


alga

Borrowed from Spanish alga, from Latin alga.


baton

Borrowed from English baton, from French bâton, from Old French baston, probably from Vulgar Latin *bastō, *bastōnis. Doublet of baston.

(music) stick of a conductor of an orchestra, or the majorette or drum major of a marching band

(sports) object transferred by relay runners

baton (staff or truncheon)
object transferred by relay runners

baton (staff or truncheon)
club used by policemen; night stick


bonito

Borrowed from Spanish bonito, from Late Latin boniton.


brad

Clipping and pronunciation spelling of English brother. Doublet of prayle.

(familiar) comrade; peer; buddy (used in addressing between male peers)


batik

From Proto-Philippine *batik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətik, from Proto-Austronesian *bəCik (“tattoo”).


batik

batik (Javanese patterned cloth drawn in wax)


dais

state of being close or near to one another


dote

Borrowed from Spanish dote, from Latin dōs.


dram

drum (barrel or large cylindrical container)


ere

ᜁᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
ayre (alternative dated)
eyre (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish aire, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr). Doublet of arya.

Dapat matigas, di iyakin, di lumilipad ang kamay sa ere.

2017, Ladlad 2: An Anthology of Philippine Gay Writing, Anvil Publishing, Inc., →ISBN:

I must act tough, not a crybaby, not with the hands fluttering in the air.

Ito rin ang unang beses kong makakita ng Flying Board na parang skate board na lumilipad sa ere.

2017, Penguin20, Altheria: School of Alchemy Book 1, Psicom Publishing Inc, page 47:

This is also the first time I have seen a Flying Board, which is like a skateboard flying in the air.


ere

Borrowed from Spanish ere, the Spanish name of the letter R /r.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter R/r, in the Abecedario


gala

aimless wandering; act of going around aimlessly


gala

Borrowed from Spanish gala, from Old French gale (“rejoicing”), from galer (“to enjoy oneself”).


gimbal

great confusion; great disturbance (caused by loud sounds or noises)


ibis

From Greater Central Philippine *əbəs (“below; descend”). Compare Cebuano ubos and Maranao bes (“baby; full term fetus development”).

cog

aid given to unload a burden (on the head or shoulders)

(figurative) relief from hardship, pain, sorrow, etc.


ibis

a type of silver fish from the genus Carassius


kapok

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

the silky fibre obtained from the seed pods of this tree


magma

Borrowed from English magma, from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma, “paste”).


mod

Borrowed from English mod, from modification.

mod (an end user-created package containing modifications to the look or behavior of a video game)


sago

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sagu (“processed sago, prepared starch from the sago palm”). Compare Bikol Central sago, Cebuano sago, Javanese ꦱꦒꦸ (sagu), Malay sagu, and Spanish sagú.

inh

(colloquial, by extension) tapioca pearl


sago

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saʀu (“body fluid from a corpse; fluid oozing from a wound”).

oozing fluid (from a wound, boil, rotting meat or fish, etc.)


samba

Borrowed from Malay sembah, possibly from Javanese ꦱꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦃ (sembah), from Old Javanese sĕmbah, possibly from Old Khmer saṃbaḥ ~ sambaḥ; whence Khmer សំពះ (sɑmpĕəh). Doublet of simba.


samba

Borrowed from English samba, from Brazilian Portuguese samba, from a Bantu language.


sima

From Proto-Philippine *símaq (“barb of a hook”).

quill or feather at the end of an arrow shaft

barb (point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc.)


sima

small, triangularly framed dip net (used for catching shrimp and fish from a fish shelter)

cover pot for catching fish (similar to a salakab)

catching of shrimp and fish with such a tool


tapa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapa, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Capa. See also Sanskrit तप (tapa, “heat”).

jerked meat; jerky (especially beef or pork)


tapir

Borrowed from Spanish tapir (“tapir”), from French tapir, from Old Tupi tapi'ira.


tapis

From Proto-Austronesian *tapis (“loincloth”). Compare Cebuano tapis and Indonesian tapis. Doublet of tapi. Alternatively, possibly borrowed from Spanish tapiz (“tapestry”), from French tapis, from Ancient Greek τάπης (tápēs).

bor+

sarong-like apron or wrap (worn by women over skirt)

(by extension) towel wrap (especially worn by a woman)


ulan

From Proto-Philippine *qudán (cf. Bikol Central uran, Buhid muyan, Calamian Tagbanwa kuran, Cebuano uwan, Hiligaynon ulan, Kapampangan uran, Pangasinan uran, Surigaonon uyan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan (cf. Chamorro uchan, Fijian uca, Hawaiian ua, Malay hujan, Palauan chull, Tetum udan), from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN (cf. Paiwan qudjalj).

(by extension) rapid falling of small objects (such as bullets, stones, etc.)


bait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bait. Compare Bikol Central buot, Cebuano buot, Malay baik, and Maori pai.


bale

Borrowed from Spanish vale, third-person singular present indicative form of valer (“to be worth”), from Old Spanish valer. Compare Chavacano vale.

(chiefly in the negative, colloquial) worth; value


gang

Borrowed from English gang, from Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”).


hake

Borrowed from Spanish jaque, from Old Spanish xaque, from Arabic شاه (šāh, “shah; king chess piece”), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/, “king”). Doublet of tsek, tseke, and tses.


mall

Unadapted borrowing from English mall. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).


laksa

Borrowed from Malay laksa, from possibly either Classical Persian لاکچه (lākča, “pasta put into broth”) ot Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā, “red dye; lac”).

laksa (a spicy stew from Indonesia or Malaysia)


mai

maí (canonical)
ᜋᜁ (Baybayin)
ma-y (alternative)
may (alternative)
ma-i (alternative)

may maing salita


pipi

pipì (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
pipe (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pipiq (“flat”). Compare Malay pipeh.

act of flattening something; act of crushing something


pipi

pipî (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
pipe (alternative)


pipi

pipì (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
pepe (alternative)
pipe (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *pipi (“female genitalia”).


pipi

From Proto-Philippine *piqpiq (“wash clothes by pounding on river rocks”).


trip

Wala, trip ko lang, wala lang akong magawa. May reklamo ka? Ako wala. Wala akong pakialam sa yo at sa kung ano mang iniisip mo. Bakit sa SM? Kase. Kase pareho ng initials ko. Yun lang.

2008, Khavn De La Cruz, Ultraviolins, UP Press, →ISBN, page 182:

Nothing, just my idea, ['coz] I have nothing to do. Any problems? Nothing. I don't mind you and anything you think. Why in SM? Coz. Coz it's the same initials as mine. Just that.

plan; idea; undertaking (especially on a whim or impulse)

May asawa at anak ang lalaki, pero trip niya ang mamboso at mambastos sa telepono. Ginagamit ng lalaki ang ... ang mensahe ng pelikula. Ang problema ay nakaka-depress dahil mahirap labanan nang ganoon ang lalaking sira ang ulo.

The man has a wife and a son, but he likes to harass and flirt with women on the telephone. The man uses the message of the movie. The problem is depressing because it's difficult to fight such a stupid man.

Siguro nga napapayag mo siya, pero, nilasing mo 'yung tao, e. Hindi ko siya nilasing. Pareho kaming lasing n'ung gabing 'yun. Arnold, kilala ko ang kumpare ko. Matagal na kaming magkasama niyan. Ang trip talaga niya 'pag lasing, sex.

1998, Honorio Bartolome De Dios, Sa Labas Ng Parlor, University of Philippines Press, →ISBN:

You possible enticed her, but, you made the person drunk, don't you? I didn't made her drunk. We're both drunk that night. Arnold, I know my buddies. We've been together for long. What she likes when drunk is to have sex.

something one likes to do (especially on a whim or impulse)

act of taking advantage of someone (by duping, tricking, cheating, etc.)


motel

Borrowed from English motel or Spanish motel.

Muli ko bang pahahabain ang puntong ito para hindi tumuloy sa dulo ng kuwento? Sa Cubao rin kami napunta sa mamahaling motel.

Will I extend this part again so we don't reach the end of the story? We ended up in Cubao, in a classy love hotel.


aap

aap (canonical)
aáp (canonical)
ᜀᜀᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)

wholesale purchase of harvest (directly from the farm or plantation)

price or amount paid for a wholesale purchase of harvest


todo

Borrowed from Spanish todo. Doublet of todas.

full exertion of one's strength, voice, shout, run, etc.

(gambling) act of betting all one's money in a single game


adelantado

tl-noun

adelantado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish adelantado (“advanced”).

bor+

adelantado; governor general (specifically during the early Spanish regime)


karaoke

[kɐ.ɾɐˈʔoː.xɛ]

Borrowed from English karaoke, or directly from Japanese カラオケ (karaoke), from 空(から) (kara, “empty”) + オケ (oke, “orchestra”), a clipping of オーケストラ (ōkesutora), from English orchestra.


harina

[hɐˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]


nido

Borrowed from Spanish nido (“nest”), from Latin nīdus. See also El Nido (literally “The Nest”) in Palawan, where the edible bird's nest is historically harvested from by a busyador.

edible bird's nest (commonly found in El Nido, Palawan and usually made into nido soup in Chinese restaurants)


biro

Compare Kapampangan biru and Aklanon bueo.

Naging biro na sa magkaibigan ang pinag-awayan nila dati.

What the friends had argued about before has become a joke.


sala

sala (canonical)
salà (canonical)
ᜐᜎ (Baybayin)

From either:
* Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq (compare Aklanon saea, Bikol Central sala, Cebuano sala, Maranao sala', Mansaka sara, and Tausug sā'), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq (compare Fijian cala, Hawaiian hala, Malay salah, Maori hara, and Samoan sala).
* Borrowed from Classical Malay ساله (salah, “sin”), from Arabic زَلَّة (zalla, “error; slip; lapse; fault; sin”), with possible influence from Sanskrit चार (cāra, “trap; snare”), as in अपचार (apacāra, “offence”), or Sanskrit छल (chala, “deceit; fraud”).


sala

From Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ (“sift; strain; filter”). Compare Masbatenyo sara, Bikol Central sara, Aklanon saea, Cebuano sala, Surigaonon saya, Maranao sara, and Tausug sā'.


sala

act of interweaving bamboo slats (especially for the railing of a batalan)

railing made of bamboo slats; lattice; trellis


sala

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq. Compare Javanese ꦱꦭꦃꦲꦸꦫꦠ꧀ (salah urat).

inh+

physical defect (such as a broken bone, sprain, or bone dislocation)


sala

salá (canonical)
ᜐᜎ (Baybayin)
salah (alternative)
salaah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic صَلَاة (ṣalāh). Compare Maranao salat, Tausug salat, Indonesian salat, and Malay solat.


sala

bedwetting; urination in bed, or during sleep


ametista

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English amethyst, influenced by Spanish amatista, Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos).


lahar

Borrowed from English lahar, from Javanese ꦭꦲꦂ (lahar).


lait

[ˈlaː.ʔɪt̪̚]


apela

apelá (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
apila (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish apelar (“to appeal”), from Latin appellāre.


harakiri

[ˌhaː.ɾɐˈxiː.ɾɪ]


bunga

ᜊᜓᜅ (Baybayin)
bong̃a (alternative)
boñga (alternative)

→ Spanish: bonga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (cf. Indonesian bunga, Ilocano bunga and Malay bunga), from Proto-Austronesian *buŋa. Compare Malay bunga (“flower”).

(figurative) result; effect; consequence

Areca catechu
Areca catechu#Translingual


sumpit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpit, from Proto-Austronesian *sumpit.


tomboy

Si Trudy, gaya ng palayaw sa kanya, ay isang tomboy. Sa kanilang lugar, walang batang lalaking nakadaig sa kanya sa ano mang uri ng sports.

Trudy, like her nickname, is a tomboy. In their neighborhood, the boys cannot even beat her in any sports.

Sa suot niyang " kamisadentrong panlalaki at "pedal-pusher" na maong ay wala siyang iniwan sa isang "tomboy". (Palinga-linga silang dalawa na tila may hinahanap. Pagtapat sa may puno ng adelpa ay titigil sila.)

He did not leave the undershirt and "pedal-pusher" jeans to a tomboy (They are looking to the left and right like they are finding something. They will stop when they face the oleander tree.)


sashimi

tl-noun

sáshimí or sashimi (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜒ)

sáshimí (canonical)
sashimi (canonical)
ᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌsaː.ʃɪˈmɪ]

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese sashimi, the Hepburn romaji of 刺身(さしみ) (sashimi).


sushi

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 寿司 (sushi).


pito

Borrowed from Spanish pito, alteration of pico, from Old Spanish bico, from Latin beccus.


lawin

Borrowed from Hokkien 老鷹 /老鹰 (lāu-eng, “eagle”).


radyo

Borrowed from Spanish radio, clipping of radiorreceptor.


radyo

Borrowed from Spanish radio, from Latin radius. Doublet of rayos.


pok-pok

(derogatory) alternative spelling of pokpok


bloke

block; solid piece (of wood, stone, etc.)


Filipino

tl-noun

Filipino (feminine Filipina, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜉᜒᜈᜓ)

Filipina (feminine)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜉᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Pilipino (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish filipino m, from Felipe + -ino, demonym to Spanish las Islas Filipinas (“The Philippine Islands (P.I.); The Philippines”), which was named after Spanish Felipe II de España (“Philip II of Spain”).

der

Filipino language (national language of the Philippines)

(proscribed) alternative form of Pilipino: Filipino (person)

w:Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon?

Hemisphere Pictures
w:Hemisphere Pictures

(historical) male Philippine-born person of pure or majority Spanish descent


aroma

Borrowed from Spanish aroma, from Late Latin arōma (“spices”), from Ancient Greek ἄρωμα (árōma).

Vachellia farnesiana
Vachellia farnesiana#Translingual


Huwebes

ᜑᜓᜏᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Huweb. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish jueves (“Thursday”), from Latin dīēs Iovis (“day of Jove”).

bor+

days of the week: mga araw ng linggo: Linggo · Lunes · Martes · Miyerkoles · Huwebes · Biyernes · Sabado [edit]


Biyernes

ᜊᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Biyer. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish viernes (“Friday”), from Latin diēs Veneris (“day of Venus”).


Sabado

Sábadó (canonical)
ᜐᜊᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
Sab. (alternative abbreviation)
Sabaro (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish sábado (“Sabbath; Saturday”), from Latin sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”).

der

Sabado kahapon.

(obsolete) act of going to church on a Saturday to pray


Linggo

Linggó (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
Ling. (alternative abbreviation)
Lingo (alternative)
Dingo (alternative)
Dinggo (alternative obsolete)

Zorc (1985) surmises it to possibly be from Spanish domingo (“Sunday”), which was possibly mistakenly analyzed as luminggo (e.g. Luminggo na, “It's Sunday”, which could have been taken to mean “It's been a week”), from which the word is derived by removing the seeming infix -um- and early change from /d/ to /l/. However, according to Wolff (1976), it could also be from Malay minggu (“week”), which is from Portuguese domingo (“Sunday”). Wolff argues that the change in initial nasal to /l/ is also attested for Tagalog langka and Malay nangka. The shift in stress is due to having a closed penultimate syllable on earlier stages of the language. Ultimately from Late Latin diēs Dominicus (“Sunday”, literally “day of the Lord”). Doublet of Dominggo.


Kapampangan

tl-noun

Kapampangan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜅᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Capampañgan (alternative)
Capampang̃an (alternative)
Capangpang̃an (alternative)
Kapangpangan (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Kapampangan Kapampangan, from pangpang (“shore”) + ka- -an.


Ilokano

Ilokano (feminine Ilokana, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜓᜃᜈᜓ)

Ilokana (feminine)
ᜁᜎᜓᜃᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Ilocano (alternative)

From Spanish ilocano. By surface analysis, Iloko + -ano.


sila

attack of a predatory animal on its animal prey


ii

name of the Baybayin letter ᜁ, corresponding to "i" or "e"


ii

iî (canonical)
ᜁᜁ (Baybayin)
ee (alternative)


total

totál or total (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜆᜎ᜔)

totál (canonical)
total (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish total, from Medieval Latin tōtālis.


bobo

bobo (feminine boba, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜊᜓ)

boba (feminine)
ᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
bubo (alternative)
obob (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bobo, from Latin balbus (“stammering”).

(offensive) fool; idiot; simpleton; dunce


solo

Borrowed from Spanish solo, from Old Spanish solo, from Latin sōlus.


solo

From monophthongization and contraction of saulo.


ora

Borrowed from Spanish hora (“hour; time”). Doublet of oras.


tango

Compare Bikol Central tango, Kapampangan tangu, and Maranao dango.


swastika

swástiká (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
suwastika (alternative)

Borrowed from English swastika, from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika).


salita

Borrowed from Old Malay (cf. modern Malay cerita (“tale”)), from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “course of life; adventures”). Compare Kapampangan salita.

der

(by extension) language; speech; dialect


adlaw

[ʔɐd̪ˈl̪aʊ̯]

Learned borrowing from Cebuano adlaw (“sun”) with a shift of stress, from Proto-Bisayan *qadlaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Proposed by Eusebio Daluz by the 20ᵗʰ century to use the Visayan word instead of Tagalog araw (“sun; day”) to distinguish “sun” and “day” to have equivalents for Spanish sol (“sun”) and Spanish día (“day”). Doublet of araw.


mister

tl-noun

mister or mistér (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

mister (canonical)
mistér (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English mister. Doublet of maestro.


halo

Compare Bikol Central halo (“mixture”), Cebuano halo (“mingle”), Malay haru (“stir; chaos”), and Malay arau (“stirring”).


halo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu.


halo

Borrowed from Spanish halo but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced, from Medieval Latin, from Latin halos, from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “disk of the sun or moon”).

der

halo (circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon, etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere)


este

At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!

1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:


abito

Borrowed from Spanish hábito, from Latin habitus.

habit (clothing worn by monks and nuns, especially in a religious order)


maga

See baga (“abscess; tumor”). Possibly a back-formation of mamaga (“to swell”), as in namaga (“swollen”) with the first syllable elided.


days

ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dais (alternative dated)

Borrowed from English dice, from Middle English dys, plural of dy, variant of dee, from Old French dé, from Latin datum, from datus (“given”). Doublet of datos. See also dado.


dado

Borrowed from Spanish dado (“die”), from Vulgar Latin *dadu, of uncertain origin; perhaps from Arabic أَعْدَاد (ʔaʕdād, “numbers”), or alternatively from Latin dātum. Compare Malay dadu. See also datos and days.

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


mens

From clipping of English menstruation or menses.


banda

Borrowed from Spanish banda (“band; gang; bank; border; edge; side of a ship”), from French bande, from Old Occitan banda (“regiment of troops”), from Proto-West Germanic *banda or Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰 (bandwa, “sign; inidication; flag”).

der

Maraming banda ang tutugtog sa palabas.


banda

Borrowed from Spanish banda (“band; sash”), from French bande, from Old French bande, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *binda (“join, link”).

bor+

narrow strip of band (such as ribbon or metal bands)


banda

Early borrowing from Spanish banda (“band; gang; bank; border; edge; side of a ship”), from French bande, from Old Occitan banda (“regiment of troops”), from Proto-West Germanic *banda or Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰 (bandwa, “sign; inidication; flag”). Similar to etymology 1 but borrowed earlier, shown by the shift in stress.


folder

ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
polder (alternative)

folder (organizer that papers are kept in)


piglas

act of struggling to get out of something


hula

Compare Bikol Central hula and Kapampangan ula.


margarita

[mɐɾ.ɡɐˈɾiː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish margarita (“daisy”).


yoga

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yóga, “yoking, union”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwg-o-s, from *yewg- (“to join”).


yoni

Borrowed from English yoni, from Sanskrit योनि (yoni).


rambutan

rambután (canonical)
ᜇᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay rambutan, from rambut (“hair”) + -an.


alta

Early borrowing from Spanish altar, from Old Spanish altar, from Latin altāre. Doublet of altar.

altar (a table used for religious rites)


alta

Borrowed from Spanish alta, feminine of alto, from Latin altus. Doublet of alto.


jihad

tl-noun

jihad or jihád (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜑᜇ᜔)

jihad (canonical)
jihád (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜑᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈd͡ʒiː.hɐd̪̚]

[d͡ʒɪˈhad̪̚]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).


arko

arko (canonical)
arkó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
arco (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish arco, from Latin arcus. Doublet of alakos.


arseniko

arsénikó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾˌsɛː.n̪ɪˈxo]

Borrowed from Spanish arsénico, from Latin arsenicum, from Ancient Greek ἀρσενικόν (arsenikón, “yellow arsenic”).


aso

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu. Compare Acehnese asèë, Bakung acuʼ, Berawan acew, Chru əsɣu, Cia-Cia 아우 (au), Coastal Kadazan tasu, Eastern Cham ꨀꨧꨮꨭ (asau), Javanese ꦲꦱꦸ (asu), Kapampangan asu, Siraya asu, Tetum asu, and Urak Lawoi' อาซู (asu).


aso

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qasu. Compare Bikol Central aso, Cebuano aso, and Tausug asu.


manikin

Borrowed from English mannequin, from French mannequin, from Dutch manneken. Doublet of maniki.


banto

dilutant; diluent (liquid added to another to dilute it)


bati

Metathesis of Malay tabik, from Sanskrit क्षन्तव्य (kṣantavya, “to be pardoned”). See also tabi.

Maligayang bati!


bati

(slang) beating one's meat; masturbation