serapin

[sɛ.ɾɐˈpɪn̪]

Borrowed from Spanish serafín (“seraph”), from Old Spanish seraphin, from Late Latin seraphīm, from Hebrew שְׂרָפִים (s'raphím).


lagabog

[lɐ.ɣɐˈboɡ̚]

Isáng putók ang narinig. Sumunod ditó'y isang lagabog na tila sa tinibang pinutol na biglâ, sabáy sa isáng malumbay na ¡nakú!

1911, Nang̃alunod sa katihan, Faustino S. Aguilar, page 572:

A shot was heard; after it came a loud thud that was cut so abrupt, at the same time as a dejected "oh no!".


naganap

[n̪ɐ.ɣɐˈn̪ap̚]


nagaganap

[n̪ɐˌɣaː.ɣɐˈn̪ap̚]


magaganap

[mɐˌɣaː.ɣɐˈn̪ap̚]

From ma- + ganap with initial reduplication.


koronang tinik

tl-noun

koronang tiník (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜓᜈᜅ᜔ ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜃ᜔)

koronang tiník (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜓᜈᜅ᜔ ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
coronang tinic (alternative)

[koˌɾoː.n̪ɐn̪ t̪ɪˈn̪ɪk̚]

From korona + tinik. Partial calque of Spanish corona de espinas.

partial calque

(Christianity) crown of thorns (the crown Jesus forced to wear on his crucifixion)


kalungkutan

tl-noun

kalungkutan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜆᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


dagdag-bawas

dagdág-bawas (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜄ᜔ᜇᜄ᜔ᜊᜏᜐ᜔)

dagdág-bawas (canonical)
ᜇᜄ᜔ᜇᜄ᜔ᜊᜏᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From dagdag (“addition”) + bawas (“subtraction”), literally “add-subtract; adding and subtracting”.

com

form of electoral fraud involving adding and subtracting of votes in favor of one candidate over another


espasyo

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
espasiyo (alternative)
ispasiyo (alternative)
ispasyo (alternative)


kaoba

ᜃᜂᜊ (Baybayin)
caoba (alternative)
kauba (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish caoba, from Taíno caoban (“mahogany”).


patinig

[pɐˈt̪iː.n̪ɪɡ̚]


jumbag

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
jombag (alternative)

Corruption of Cebuano sumbag with gay slang prefix jo-.

(gay slang) beating; pounding (by someone)


resbak

From a backslang formed from the initial and flipped final syllables of English backers or from English wrest back. From the early 1980s.

Alam nilang sisipot si Roy. Pinilipit nila ang kuwelyo nito habang kinakausap. Baka gusto mong magsama ng resbak, kung meron ka, sabi nila.

1987, Literary Folio, University of the Philippines:

Pinatulan nina Diego. Diyan sa may malapit sa kanto. Pipilahan yata! Ano? Mga tinig mula sa labas ang maririnig. Saluhin natin, Salo! “Tanginan'yo! Mega na pa kayong manggulpe! Resbak! Resbak! “Yung pana! Magkaluwaan nang bituka!

1990, Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards, Antolohiya ng mga nagwaging akda, dekada 80: isang-yugtong dula : Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, 1980-1989:


resolba

resolbá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)
resulba (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English resolve, from Middle English resolven, from Old French resolver, a learned borrowing of Latin resolvō, influenced by Spanish resolver.


higit

higít (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜄᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
higuit (alternative)

advantage; quality of being better (than another)


luag

luág (canonical)
luag (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜀᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


brodkaster

tl-noun

bródkáster (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

bródkáster (canonical)
ᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


katunggali

katunggalî (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

[kɐ.t̪ʊŋ.ɡɐˈlɪʔ]

Walang nagprotesta dahil mismong iyong mga katunggali ng Salonga-Pimentel na samahan ay bumoto kina Salonga at Pimentel. Ang galing talaga ng mass work at alliance work ng mga kasama, bida ng isa.

No one protested because the opponents of the Salonga-Pimentel coalition themselves voted for Salonga and Pimentel. The mass work and alliance work of their colleagues are very excellent, one boasted.

rival; opponent; competitor; adversary; enemy


kubakob

ᜃᜓᜊᜃᜓᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
cobacob (alternative)

hut without posts; low-roofed cabin; poorly made hut

surrounding; besieging (as of a fort by the enemies)


hilahil

Makaligtaan ko kayang 'di basahin, nagdaang panahon ng suyuan namin? Kaniyang pagsintang ginugol sa akin at pinuhunan kong pagod at hilahil?

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya:

(obsolete) anger due to having several affairs


hagibis

hagibís or hagibis (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜄᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔)

hagibís (canonical)
hagibis (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

sound or feeling of the pressure of rapid passing (of vehicles, people, wind, etc.)

(obsolete) snort of a carabao, pig, etc.


kahalili

Ang ikalawa o ang huling paggamit ninyo ay mali. Hindi wastong, gamitin ang salitang “kahalili” sa; ikalawang halimbawa ninyo. Ang wasto o nararapat na tawag dito'y “katiwala.” Iba ang “kahalili” sa “katiwala,” G. Javier.

Your second or last usage is incorrect. It is not right to use the word "kahalili" in your second example. It is correctly called "katiwala". "Kahalili" is different from "katiwala", Mr. Javier.

Ano ang nakakasilo sa mga Pilipino para magtrabaho sa ibang bayan? Ano ang idudulot sa iyo ng pagkabuyo sa bawal na gamot? May kahalili ba sa kandili ng ina sa isang sanggol? Patunayan ang sagot.

1998, Gregorio M. Rodillo, Ibong adarna: isang interpretasyon, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 210:

What attracts Filipinos to work in other countries? What will addiction to illegal drugs do to you? Will someone substitute the care of a mother to a baby? Verify your answer.


agridulse

agridulse (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪˈd̪ul.sɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish agridulce (“sweet-and-sour”).


saluysoy

saluysóy (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜓᜌ᜔ᜐᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
saloysoy (alternative)

[sɐ.lʊɪ̯ˈsoɪ̯]

Lumulusong na noon ang dalawa sa saluysoy. Inakay ni Bidong ang kalabaw at pinalusong sa di-kalalimang gilid ng saluysoy upang palublubin, saka umahon at umupo sa isang malaking batong kaagapay ng nilikmuan ni Lino.

1986, Daluyong, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 30:

The two are already crossing the brook. Bidong assisted his carabao and he let it cross on the shallow side of the brook to wade on it, then, it rose from the water and sat in a large stone that Lino secured.

murmuring sound of the ripples of a brook

tracing of a path or trail (going to a certain place or direction)

(figurative) mentioning of past favors done to someone (to imply that one deserves better treatment, etc.)


muwang

muwáng (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
mouang (alternative)
muang (alternative)

Anong muwang mo?

Gaya ng nabanggit na, imposibleng makapagsalin ng tula ang isang walang muwang kahit man lamang sa "rudiments of poetry".

1994, Al O. Santiago, Sining ng pagsasaling-wika: sa Filipino mula sa Ingles, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 198:

Like the one mentioned, one who lacks knowledge cannot translate a poem, even the "rudiments of poetry".


patnugot

ᜉᜆ᜔ᜈᜓᜄᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
patnogot (alternative)


alwagi

[ʔɐlˈwaː.ɣɪ]

Ang alwagi, halimbawa, ang siyang sanhi ng pagkakagawa ng mesa. Ang mesa ay siyang bunga. Kaya ang pagkakayari ng mesa ay dahil sa alwagi. Kung walang alwagi'y wala ring mesa, kung kaya't tinaguriang ugnayan ng sanhi at bunga ...

1989, Florentino T. Timbreza, Mga hugis ng kaisipang pilipino, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 67:

The carpenter, for example, was then the cause for the construction of the table. The table was then the effect. Therefore, the construction of the table was because of the carpenter.


alingasaw

[ʔɐ.lɪˈŋaː.saʊ̯]


panauhin

ᜉᜈᜂᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
panaohin (alternative)
panuhin (alternative)


pakinabang

ᜉᜃᜒᜈᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
pacquinabang (alternative)
paquinabang (alternative)

From either paki- + *nabang, possibly meaning “requestability for help”, or pa- + *kinabang. Compare Kapampangan nabang, Cebuano tabang, Bikol Central tabang, Cebuano hinabang.


paunang salita

tl-noun

paunang salitâ (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜂᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜎᜒᜆ)

paunang salitâ (canonical)
ᜉᜂᜈᜅ᜔ ᜐᜎᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

[pɐˌʔuː.n̪ɐn̪ sɐ.lɪˈt̪aʔ]


tag-araw

tag-aráw or tag-araw (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄ᜔ᜀᜇᜏ᜔)

tag-aráw (canonical)
tag-araw (canonical)
ᜆᜄ᜔ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐɡ.ʔɐˈɾaʊ̯]

[t̪ɐɡˈʔaː.ɾaʊ̯]


sugapa

sugapà or sugapâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄᜉ)

sugapà (canonical)
sugapâ (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜄᜉ (Baybayin)

[sʊˈɣaː.pɐʔ]


sugapa

[sʊˈɣaː.pɐʔ]

(fishing) small net tied to two short poles (usually with a long handle)


paggiba

[pɐɡ.ɡɪˈbaʔ]

Ngayo'y ni hindi tayo magkaisa dahil pinangakuan nila ang mga taga-Looban na hindi sila isasama sa gagawing paggiba sa ating mga bahay. Tayo na lamang taga-Labasan ang dapat kumilos at maging tayo ay di magkasundo.

Now, we didn't have cooperated because they promised the Insiders that their houses will not be affected by the future demolition of our houses. Only us, who live near the exit, will move and even us don't agree with each other.


singhal

(dialectal) snap or snatch of the mouth (as of a dog)


pagsusunog

pagsusunóg (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜈᜓᜄ᜔)

pagsusunóg (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜈᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + sunog, with reduplication on root word.


pamamaril

pamamaríl (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜋᜇᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pam- + baril with initial reduplication.

Hinahabol ng mga pulis ang mga taong nasa likod ng mga pamamaril noong nakaraang linggo.

The police are chasing down the people behind the shootings last week.


angkak

Borrowed from Hokkien 紅麴 /红曲 (âng-khak, “red yeast”).


bigasan

1938, National Rice and Corn Corporation (Philippines), Victor Buencamino, Annual Report of the Manager to the Board of Directors for the Year Ending ...
Kailan mang makilala ng alin mang mga bigasan na ang paglilingkod ng mga manggagawa ay hindi makasisiya, ang kasunduang ito ay mawawalan ng bisa ukol iamang sa bigasang iyon, at magkakaroon ng layang makakuha ng ibang ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

ISANG “CENTRAL" NA BIGASAN? Marahil ISANG MALIII ang kailangan. Ang Bernabe ay gumagawa ng pinakamalalaking tipong konong bigasan sa Pilipinas .

At pinirmahan na ng unyon, ng mga unyon at ng NFA ang memorandum of agreement upang makalahok ang mga unyong ito sa proyektong bigasan centers. Kaya 'yon, imbes na rolling stores, bigasan center.

2002, Philippines. President, Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino, Policy Statements:


kumpay

kumpáy (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
compay (alternative)

Compare Malay kumpai (“Hymenachne aurita”).


kudyapi

kudyapî (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
codyapi (alternative)
coryapi (alternative)
cudyiapi (alternative)
kudiyapi (alternative)
kuryapi (alternative)
kutyapi (alternative)
kutiyapi (alternative)
kudiapi (alternative)

→ English: kudyapi

[kʊd.d͡ʒɐˈpɪʔ]

Ultimately from Sanskrit कच्छप (kacchapa, “tortoise”). Compare Ilocano kudiapi, Central Subanen kutapi', Maranao kotiyapi' (“banjo”), Sundanese kacapi (“zither”), Balinese ᬓᬘᬧᬶ (kacapi), Javanese ꦏꦼꦕꦥꦶ (kecapi), Malay kecapi (“four-stringed lute”), and Sanskrit कच्छपी (kacchapī, “lute”).


lawig

leaving of one's place temporarily to harvest rice in a distant town or province

person who leaves one's place temporarily to harvest rice in a distant town or province


pamamanhikan

tl-noun

pamamanhikan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋᜋᜈ᜔ᜑᜒᜃᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜋᜋᜈ᜔ᜑᜒᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pam- + panhik + -an, with initial reduplication.

traditional Filipino custom of formally proposing a wedding by asking for permission to the family of the partner


kamangmangan

kamangmangán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜅ᜔ᜋᜅᜈ᜔)

kamangmangán (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜅ᜔ᜋᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


amnestiya

amnestiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜋ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
amnestia (alternative obsolete)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English amnesty, influenced by Spanish amnistía, from Middle French amnestie, from Latin amnestia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία (amnēstía).


kailangan

ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cailañgan (alternative)
cailang̃an (alternative)
cailan͠gan (alternative)
kelangan (alternative colloquial)
kaylangan (alternative)
keylangan (alternative)

[kɐ.ʔɪˈlaː.ŋɐn̪]

[ˌkɛːˈlaː.ŋɐn̪]


pangangailangan

tl-noun

pangangailangan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜅᜁᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

[pɐ.ŋɐ.ŋɐ.ʔɪˈlaː.ŋɐn̪]

[pɐ.ŋɐ.ŋaɪ̯ˈlaː.ŋɐn̪]

From pang- + kailangan with initial reduplication.


babag

impact; bump; collision (especially one's body against something hard)


sagwan

→ Spanish: zagual


inaanak

[ʔɪˌn̪aː.ʔɐˈn̪ak̚]

From in- + anak, with initial reduplication of anak. Compare Mansaka inanak.


hatid-sundo

hatíd-sundô (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ)

hatíd-sundô (canonical)
ᜑᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
hatir-sunro (alternative)

[hɐˌt̪ɪd̪ sʊn̪ˈd̪oʔ]

act of bringing to and fetching from a place by someone (such as to and from school or work)


hatid

hatíd (canonical)
ᜑᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
hatir (alternative)
hater (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hatəD, from Proto-Austronesian *SatəD. Compare Kapampangan atad, Bikol Central hatod, Cebuano hatod, Tiruray odor, Tboli eted, Malagasy atitra, Malay hantar, Javanese ꦲꦠꦼꦂ (ater), Balinese ᬳᬢᭂᬄ (ateh), Biak yaker, and Paiwan satjez.

accompaniment; escorting (to a certain place)

delivery of an object (from one place to another)

person or thing being accompanied or delivered


hari-harian

harî-harian (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜒᜑᜇᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

harî-harian (canonical)
ᜑᜇᜒᜑᜇᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[hɐˌɾɪʔ hɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]

[hɐˌɾiː hɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]

Ang mga "hari-harian" sa kani-kanilang pook; noong una'y sa mga Kastila lamang ito ikinapit subali't nang lumao'y sa Pilipino na rin.

1980, Cultural Center of the Philippines, Gantimpala: Cultural Center of the Philippines literary awards:


konstituwente

konstituwente (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English constituent, with influence of Spanish -ente.


alagaw

alagáw (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜄᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
alagao (alternative)
alagau (alternative)
aagaw (alternative)
aagao (alternative)
aagau (alternative)

[ʔɐ.lɐˈɣaʊ̯]

Premna odorata (a species of medicinal plant, including its leaves and flowers)


alimpuyo

alimpuyó (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
alipuyo (alternative)


ananapla

tl-noun

ananapla or ananaplá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜈᜉ᜔ᜎ)

ananapla (canonical)
ananaplá (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜈᜉ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)

Albizia procera
Wikispecies:Albizia procera

Rhus luzonis (a species of medicinal plant)


pututan

ᜉᜓᜆᜓᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pototan (alternative)

tall-stilt mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata)

Bruguiera cylindrica, a species of mangrove

upriver orange mangrove (Bruguiera sexangula)


pagpipinta

pagpipintá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

pagpipintá (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

From pag- + pinta with initial reduplication.

painting (artistic application of paint)


pagpipintura

pagpipintura (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

From pag- + pintura with initial reduplication.

painting (act of applying paint to the surface)


sigalot

sigalót (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄᜎᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sigal-ot (alternative)


paltik

paltik; homemade gun, usually produced illegally

(Batangas, Boac-Mogpog and eastern Marinduque) slingshot


agingay

ᜀᜄᜒᜅᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
aguingay (alternative)

[ʔɐˈɣiː.ŋaɪ̯]

Rottboellia paradoxa (a species of grass native to the Philippines)

Pennisetum glaucum
Pennisetum glaucum#Translingual

Cenchrus brownii
Wikispecies:Cenchrus brownii

(rare) southern sandbur (Cenchrus brownii)


impapawid

impapawíd (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜉᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


himpapawid

himpapawíd (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜉᜏᜒᜇ᜔)

himpapawíd (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜉᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
himpapaid (alternative obsolete)
himpapayid (alternative obsolete)
himpapauid (alternative)
impapauid (alternative)
himpapawir (alternative)
impapawid (alternative obsolete)
impapayir (alternative obsolete)

From him- + papawid (“cloud; scarecrow”), variant of papayid. See payid.


inaama

[ʔɪˌn̪aː.ʔɐˈma]

From in- + ama, with initial reduplication of ama.


iniina

[ʔɪˌn̪iː.ʔɪˈn̪a]

From in- + ina, with initial reduplication of ina.


panagaraw

[pɐ.n̪ɐ.ɣɐˈɾaʊ̯]


panag-araw

panág-aráw (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜄ᜔ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
panag-arao (alternative)
panagaraw (alternative)
pantag-araw (alternative)

[pɐˌn̪aɡ ʔɐˈɾaʊ̯]

From pang- + tag-araw, or analytically panag- + araw.

any thing, activity, or happening pertaining to the dry season


pananampalataya

pananampalataya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜈᜋ᜔ᜉᜎᜆᜌ)

ᜉᜈᜈᜋ᜔ᜉᜎᜆᜌ (Baybayin)
pananangpalataya (alternative obsolete)

From pan- + sampalataya with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


kanuno-nunuan

kanunô-nunuan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜓᜈᜓᜈᜓᜈᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

kanunô-nunuan (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜓᜈᜓᜈᜓᜈᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kanunu-nunuan (alternative nonstandard)
kanunununuan (alternative nonstandard)

[kɐ.n̪ʊˌn̪oʔ n̪ʊˈn̪uː.ʔɐn̪]

[kɐ.n̪ʊˌn̪oː n̪ʊˈn̪uː.ʔɐn̪]

From nuno + ka- -an with full reduplication of nuno.


salungso

From a blend of salo + -ng- + suso, literally “support for the breasts”, most likely after the pattern of salumpuwit. Compare salungki.

blend

“Bago po dumating yung mga underwear po, nagtext po siya sakin. ‘O andiyan na yung salungki mo at salungso mo. Nandito pa po yung text niya sakin, hindi ko pa po binubura. 'Di ko po ineexpect na sasabihin niya yun,” she said.

2013 August 15, “Villafuerte faces 'sex-for-flight' victims”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Yahoo! News, retrieved 2022-08-04:

“Before the underwear arrived, he texted me. ‘Oh here is your panty and your bra. His text to me is still here, I haven't erased it yet. I didn't expect that he would say that,” she said.

"P'wede bang magsuot ka muna ng salungso. Ako'y nangangamba na magising ang aming pagkalalaki," wika nito. Nagtataka ako sa sinabi niya.

2022, “A Vow to Trinity”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Wattpad, retrieved 2022-08-04:

"Could you wear your bra first. I am apprehensive that our manhood will arise," he uttered. I was astonished by what he said.

(neologism, uncommon, sometimes humorous) brassiere


salungki

[sɐ.lʊŋˈkɪʔ]

From a blend of salo + -ng- + kiki, literally “support for the vulva”, most likely after the pattern of salumpuwit. Compare salungso.

2013 August 15, HI8ILENCE, “Villafuerte faces 'sex-for-flight' victims”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Yahoo! News, retrieved 2022-08-04:

Nalasahan ko ang dugo sa bibig ko ngunit hindi ito nagpatigil sa kanya. Sabik niyang hinawakan ang short ko pati na ang aking salungki pababa sa aking hita.

2022 August 4 (last accessed), AngelofLove711, “Una at Huli”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), Wattpad:

I tasted the blood in my mouth but this did not stop him. He was eager to hold my shorts as well as my panties downward to my thigh.

(neologism, uncommon, sometimes humorous) panties (female underpants)


salumpuwit

tl-noun

salumpuwít (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜆ᜔)

salumpuwít (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From salo + -m- + puwit, literally “support for the buttocks”. According to Jose Villa Panganiban, it was initially coined by a critic of Lope K. Santos, together with salipawpaw, as an equivalent of the Spanish-derived silya to ridicule his use and coinage of Tagalog words, however it is nowadays often mistakenly attributed to Lope K. Santos. Compare salungso and salungki.

compound

Bumabanat pa rin napako sa salumpuwit ni Kuh Ledesma Kung saan iluluwal ang binabalangkas ng panata't pintuho Kahit nagiginaw di naligaw patungong lunggang panaginip

2007, Epifanio San Juan, Salud algabre, babaeng mandirigma: at iba pang bagong tula:

Halos nasa pinsan na yata lahat ng katangian ng isang perpektong asawang lalake, kaya imposibleng walang magkakagusto rito, kaya minsan ay nagtataka talaga siya kung bakit hindi pa ito nagkakaroon ng sariling pamilya. Agnes only gave him a hum bago lumapit at umupo sa isang salumpuwit bilang pagtalima.

(neologism, sometimes humorous or literary) chair; seat

(neologism, sometimes humorous or literary) anything used to support the buttocks


kasuotang panloob

tl-noun

kasuotang panloób (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜓᜂᜆᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

kasuotang panloób (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜓᜂᜆᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)


rinoseronte

rinoseronte (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜐᜒᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜐᜒᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish rinoceronte (“rhinoceros”).


mapatse

Borrowed from Spanish mapache (“raccoon”), from Classical Nahuatl māpach, māpachin (“raccoon, thief”).


tatap

tatáp (canonical)
tatap (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)

understanding; coming to know or realize (what something is about)


lakip

tl-noun

lakip or lakíp (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜒᜉ᜔)

lakip (canonical)
lakíp (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)

inclusion along with, or attachment of something (such as a letter in an envelope)

something enclosed (such as a letter in an envelope)


lislis

From Proto-Philippine *ləsləs (“lift up clothes”).

inh

lifting up; raising up; blowing up (of a dress or skirt, usually maliciously)


apaw

apáw (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
papaw (alternative)


banlaw

banláw (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
banlao (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bal(ə)ñáw (“to rinse; to rinse off”) with metathesis, from Proto-Austronesian *bañaw (“to wash the body”). Compare Bikol Central balnaw, Cebuano banaw (“to overflow”), Ibatan vanaw (“to wash the hands”), Ivatan vanaw (“to wash the hands”), Kavalan banaw (“to wash one's hands or feet”).


tagasuporta

tl-noun

tagasuporta (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜐᜓᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆ)


pagkakasiraan

pagkakasiraán (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜐᜒᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

pagkakasiraán (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜐᜒᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


pagkakaiba ng palagay

pagkakáibá ng palagáy (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜁᜊ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜎᜄᜌ᜔)

pagkakáibá ng palagáy (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜁᜊ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜎᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.kɐˌxaː.ʔɪˌba n̪ɐm pɐ.lɐˈɣaɪ̯]

difference of opinion
difference of opinion


bulaga

bulagâ (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜄ (Baybayin)
ba (alternative)
baga (alternative)
balaga (alternative)
buga (alternative)
ga (alternative)


dantaon

dantaón (canonical)
ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
daantaon (alternative)

[d̪ɐn̪.t̪ɐˈʔon̪]

From daan (“hundred”) + -g- + taon (“year”), with nasal assimilation.


buwag

buwág (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
boag (alternative)
bouag (alternative)
buag (alternative dialectal)

From Proto-Philippine *buag. Doublet of buwal. See also Cebuano bulag.

abolition; disbandment; dissolution (of an organization, etc.)


gulung-gulungan

gulúng-gulungan (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅᜈ᜔)

gulúng-gulungan (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
gulunggulungan (alternative)
golong golong̃an (alternative)
gulong-gulung̃an (alternative)
gulong-gulungan (alternative nonstandard)

[ɡʊˌluŋ ɡʊˈluː.ŋɐn̪]

Reduplication of gulong + -an. Doublet of gulong-gulungan.


kutsay

kutsáy (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuchay (alternative)
kutchay (alternative)
kuchai (alternative)

[kʊtˈt͡ʃaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Hokkien 韭菜 (kú-chhài, “garlic chives”).

bor+

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual

garlic chives; Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)


magdiwang

ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
magdiuang (alternative)

[mɐɡˈd̪iː.wɐŋ]


sariwa

sariwà (canonical)
ᜐᜇᜒᜏ (Baybayin)
sadiua (alternative)
sadiva (alternative)
sariua (alternative)
sadiwa (alternative obsolete)

[sɐˈɾiː.wɐʔ]

act of reinvigorating something (of trees, cured wounds, etc.)

(figurative) reminding of something long-forgotten


kalmen

Borrowed from Spanish Carmen (“Carmelite order”), from Latin carmen (“charm”).


eskapularyo

tl-noun

eskapularyo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜉᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜉᜓᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish escapulario (“scapular”).


kalingaan

kálingaán (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜒᜅᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


sabutan

thatch screwpine (leaves of which are used to weave hats, mats, etc.)

something made with thatch screwpine leaves (such as hats, mats, etc.)


sabwat

sabwát (canonical)
ᜐᜊ᜔ᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sabuwat (alternative)
sabouat (alternative)

act of getting someone as a partner in an intrigue or conspiracy


alingasngas

tl-noun

alingasngás (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜅᜐ᜔ᜅᜐ᜔)

alingasngás (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜅᜐ᜔ᜅᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

(by extension) scandal; scandalous rumor


tsonggo

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
chonggo (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish chongo, from Mexican Spanish chango, clipping of machango, from Guanche. Compare Ilocano sunggo and Kapampangan songgu. See also unggoy.


matandang binata

matandáng binatà (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜊᜒᜈᜆ)

matandáng binatà (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜊᜒᜈᜆ (Baybayin)

From matanda + -ng + binata, literally “old bachelor”.


binatilyo

ᜊᜒᜈᜆᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
binatillo (alternative)


tanaw

tanáw (canonical)
ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
tan-aw (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *taq(ə)náw. Compare Bikol Central tanaw and Cebuano tan-aw.

inh+

distant observation or assessment (of something)


tanawan

tl-noun

tanawan or tánáwan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈᜏᜈ᜔)

tanawan (canonical)
tánáwan (canonical)
ᜆᜈᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tan-awan (alternative)

place for distant observation; observation point

simultaneous looking of people towards a certain place at a distance


taludtod

taludtód (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
talortor (alternative)


kasing-kahulugan

kasíng-kahulugán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄᜈ᜔)

kasíng-kahulugán (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kasalungat

kasalungát (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜎᜓᜅᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


sambalilo

ᜐᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
sambalelo (alternative obsolete)
sumbalilo (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish sombrero. Doublet of sombrero, a later borrowing.


Rusa

female equivalent of Ruso: female Russian (person)


pulahan

pulahán (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Pulahan (alternative)
Pulajanes (alternative)

Borrowed from Cebuano pulahan, after their use of red robes.

Bata pa lamang ay sumapi na siya sa mga Pulahan — isang armadong grupo laban sa administrasyong kolonyal. Nakilala siya bilang manggagamot at guro.

1990, Loren Legarda, Roy C. Iglesias, PEP talk: the book:

When he was young, he joined the Pulahan — an armed group against the colonial administration. He was known as a doctor and a teacher.

(historical, often capitalized) a member of a religious group in the Visayas that followed a syncretic form of Catholicism, mixed with ancient Filipino animist beliefs before the Philippine Revolution


pulahan

From pula + -han, from the association of red to communism and socialism. First used against the Hukbalahap.

Inakusahan ng mga grupong maka-kaliwa ang mga "dilawan" ng pagdaragdag ng mga delegado sa listahan, habang pinaratangan naman ng huli ang mga "pulahan" ng panggugulo sa bulwagan ng kumbensyon.

1992, Dante G. Guevarra, Unyonismo sa Pilipinas:

The left-wing groups accused the Liberals of adding delegates to the list, while the latter accused the reds of rioting in the convention center.

Mga pulahan sa talaang itim. Sa isang salita, lahat ng unyong manggagawa ng mga company union, lahat ng naghahangad na mabago ang mga progresibo at rebolusyonaryo.

1997, Amado V. Hernandez, Magkabilang Mukha Ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda, University of Philippines Press, →ISBN:

Commies in the blacklist. In short, all labor unions of company unions, [and] anyone wishing to change how progressives and revolutionaries are viewed.

(politics, derogatory) red; commie; leftist


apo sa talampakan

tl-noun

apó sa talampakan (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓ ᜐ ᜆᜎᜋ᜔ᜉᜃᜈ᜔)

apó sa talampakan (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓ ᜐ ᜆᜎᜋ᜔ᜉᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
apo sa talapakan (alternative)


apo sa sakong

apó sa sakong (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓ ᜐ ᜐᜃᜓᜅ᜔)

apó sa sakong (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓ ᜐ ᜐᜃᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


bakulaw

ᜊᜃᜓᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
bacolao (alternative)
baculao (alternative)


bigay-kaya

bigáy-kaya (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔ᜃᜌ (Baybayin)
bigaycaya (alternative)

[bɪˌɣaɪ̯ ˈkaː.jɐ]

exertion of all one's efforts, know-how or ability


bihira

[bɪˈhiː.ɾɐʔ]

Possibly from Sanskrit भेद (bhedá, “contrast, distinction, difference”). Compare Kapampangan bihira, Sambali bihira, Bikol Central bihira, Indonesian beda, Javanese ꦧꦺꦢ (béda) and Malay beza.

der

(obsolete) act of differentiating something from one another


kasosyo

(business) business partner; shareholder


bingwit

bingwít (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
binuit (alternative)
binwit (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bəŋuit (“fishhook”). Compare Bikol Central banwit and Tausug bingit.


palabiro

palabirô (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜊᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
palbiro (alternative obsolete syncope)

Masyadong seryoso ang sagot at wala ata ni bahid ng kanyang pagiging palabiro. Tinanong ko sa kanya kung may alam siyang maaaring puntahan ng aking asawa. Subukan mo kay ganito, kay ganyan, yun ang sabi niya, Amang. At sinunod ...

1995, Ericson L. Acosta, Literary folio:


buhaghag

buhaghág (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜑᜄ᜔ᜑᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
bohaghag (alternative)

act of making loose (of soil, grain, etc.)

condition of being loose (of soil, grain, etc.)


kababaang-loob

tl-noun

kababaang-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜊᜀᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

kababaang-loób (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜊᜀᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)


kaginoohan

kaginoohán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜄᜒᜈᜓᜂᜑᜈ᜔)

kaginoohán (canonical)
ᜃᜄᜒᜈᜓᜂᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caginoohan (alternative)
caguinoohan (alternative)
caguinohan (alternative)
kaginohan (alternative obsolete syncope)
kaginuhan (alternative obsolete syncope)


kalibugan

ᜃᜎᜒᜊᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
calibogan (alternative)
calibugan (alternative)

Pero pag umiral ang kalibugan niya, nagsalita man o hindi, rape pa rin sa kanya. Karaniwang binubusalsal ni Manyakis ang pagkababae nila. Sa dulo ng baril nagmumula ang katahimikan.

1989, Reuel Molina Aguila, Ligalig, at iba pang dula, →ISBN:

Ang kalibugan ang sanhi ng aking pagkakasala. Lumustay ako ng salapi, gumamit ako ng tao, tinalikuran ko si Lord. Patawarin mo ako.

1999, Roland B. Tolentino, Sapinsaping pag-ibig at pagtangis: tatlong novella ng pagsinta't paghihinagpis, →ISBN:


kanumay

ᜃᜈᜓᜋᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
kanumi (alternative)
kanumoy (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kanúmay. Compare Ilocano kanumay and Cebuano kanomay.

Diospyros multiflora, a species of persimmon tree


kanunuan

[kɐ.n̪ʊˈn̪uː.ʔɐn̪]


piraso

Early borrowing from Spanish pedazo, corrupted by /d/~/ɾ/ allophony between vowels.


dalita

Borrowed from Malay derita (“suffering”), from Sanskrit, possibly:
* From Sanskrit दरित (darita, “torn”)
* From Sanskrit दलित (dalita, “broken; scattered”)


pandidiri

[pɐn̪.d̪ɪˈd̪iː.ɾɪ]

From pan- + diri, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


dunong

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dunuŋ. Possibly related to Malay renung (“meditation, thinking”).


manggagapas

tl-noun

manggagapas (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜄᜉᜐ᜔)

[mɐŋ.ɡɐˈɣaː.pɐs]

From mang- + gapas with initial reduplication.


hagulgol

hagulgól (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Alteration of hagulhol, attested from the 1900s.

[¡]Sayang ang kanyang mga panangis, ang kanyang: mg͂a hagulgol, at ang kanyang pagkakahimatay! ¡Sayang , oo , sayang! . . .

1914, Gerardo Chanco, Ilang sulat sa mga patay: lathalang pang "Todos los Santos":

Mga hagulgol. Mga pagbubulubok ng tubig. Mga paggulong na di niya matanto. Lumalaki ngayon ang kanyang ulo. Parang mabigat ang kanyang noo. Nangingilabot siya.

1982, Cesario Y. Torres, Sining ng malikhaing pakikipagtalastasan:

Datapwat sa stock room pa lamang ay nagsimula na siyang makarinig ng mga iyak at hagulgol. At pagpasok na pagpasok pa lamang sa sala at bulwagan ay lumakas at nadagdagan ang mga iyak at hagulgol na iyon[...]

2006, Tony Perez, Maligayang pagdating sa sitio Catacutan: mga kuwentong kasisindakan. Aklat I, Conran Octopus:


sanggalang

sanggaláng (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sangalang (alternative)

[sɐŋ.ɡɐˈlaŋ]

defending; protecting (oneself or someone)


sangalang

sangaláng (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


salawag

upright or slanting studs in the roof framework to which nipa or cogon thatches are attached


sagitsit

sagitsít (canonical)
ᜐᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɐ.ɣɪt̪ˈsɪt̪̚]


pang-ahit

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜀᜑᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
panahit (alternative obsolete)

[pɐŋˈʔaː.hɪt̪̚]


akademiya

akademiya or akademiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜇᜒᜋᜒᜌ)

akademiya (canonical)
akademiyá (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜇᜒᜋᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


kasa-kasama

kasá-kasama (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜃᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


kabiguan

kabígúan or kabiguán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜒᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

kabígúan (canonical)
kabiguán (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜒᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɐˌbiːˈɣuː.ʔɐn̪]


bigwas

frontal box with the fist; sudden hard blow with the fist


pag-inom

pag-inóm (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
paginum (alternative obsolete)


pagsusulat

pagsusulat (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔)

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


papawirin

papawirín (canonical)
ᜉᜉᜏᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pawid + -in, with initial reduplication.


palibhasa

palibhasà (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜑᜐ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Sanskrit परि- (pari-) + भाषा (bhāṣā). Compare Kapampangan pablasa, Tausug pulibahasa, Malay peribahasa, and Hindi परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”).


wikain

wikaín (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜃᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
uicain (alternative)

[wɪ.xɐˈʔɪn̪]

frequently uttered word or phrase; favorite expression


lagitik

[lɐ.ɣɪˈt̪ɪk̚]

sharp, cracking sound (as made by a whip or cracking bone, bamboo, etc.)

clicking sound (as made by snapping fingers)


kasintahan

kasintahan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
casintahan (alternative)

From sinta + ka- -han. Compare Indonesian kecintaan.


kataw-an

tlb

(now dialectal, Rizal, Southern Tagalog)


kulong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuruŋ (“cage, as for an animal; to enclose in a cage or pen”). Compare Ilocano kurong, Kapampangan kulung, Tausug kūngan, and Malay kurung.

inh

condition of being surrounded or encircled (as of by enemies)


gayuma

From Southern Luzon axis *gayúma (“love-charm”). Compare Kapampangan gayuma. See also Cebuano gugma (“love”). The sense of “magnet” is coined in the 1960s as an allusion to the effect of the magical potion.

(folklore, magic) love charm; philter (charm or potion to cause a person to fall in love)


pulupot

ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜉᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
polopot (alternative)


tantiya

tantiyá (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
tansiya (alternative)
tantya (alternative)
tantsa (alternative nonstandard)

[t̪ɐn̪ˈt͡ʃa]

1997, Mariano Ponce, Maria Luisa T. Camagay, Wystan Dela Peña, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, University of the Philippines System. Office of Research Coordination, Mariano Ponce cartas sobre la revolucion, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino Sistemang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas

In my estimate, my letter arrived on you at the September 5 or 6. I wrote it on August 4, and if you let fifteen days pass before responding to this, I should have received your answer.

Sa aking tantiya dumating sa iyo ang aking sulat noong ika-5 o ika-6 ng Setyembre. Noong ika-4 ng Agosto pa ako sumulat at kung pinalipas mo ang labinlimang araw bago sagutin ito, nakatanggap na dapat ako ng iyong sagot.

solution or result found through trial and error


kanela

[kɐˈn̪ɛː.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish canela, from Portuguese canela, from Latin cannella, diminutive of canna (“reed, cane”). Possible doublet of kalilya.

Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum verum#Translingual

cannella; true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)


tantya

[t̪ɐn̪ˈt͡ʃa]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of tantiya.


lingguwistika

tl-noun

lingguwístiká (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

lingguwístiká (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
linggwistika (alternative)
linggistika (alternative)

Ang lingguwistika, o siyensiya ng wika, ay may layuning maunawaan at mailarawan ang panloob na katangian ng isang wikang partikular.

1970, Ponciano B. Peralta Pineda, Bato sa katedral, page 51:

Linguistics, or the science of language, has the objective of understanding and describing the inner characteristics of a particular language.

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit mayroon tayong lingguwistika o aghamwika.

1971, Katipunan, Volume 1, Kagawaran ng Araling Pilipino, Ateneo de Manila, page 14:

That is the reason why we have linguistics.


nerbiyos

nérbiyós (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
nerbyos (alternative)

Ellipsis of Spanish ataque de nervios (“nervous breakdown”).


biskuwit

biskuwít (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
biskwit (alternative)

Borrowed from English biscuit, from earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”). Doublet of biskotso.

Ipinatong ng marurusing na bata ang kanilang mga baba sa gilid ng mesa, inamoy ang mga kukis at biskuwit, nagkakahiyaang nagtinginan at nagngitian.

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Lagablab sa utak ni Damian Rosa at iba pang kuwento:


iskuwater

tl-noun

iskuwater (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
iskwater (alternative)


atswete

[ʔɐt͡ʃˈwɛː.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɐt̪sˈwɛː.t̪ɛ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of atsuwete.


bertdey

ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
berdey (alternative)

[ˈbəɹt̪.d̪eɪ̯]


interbiyu

ínterbiyú (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓ)

ínterbiyú (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
interbyu (alternative)


raliyista

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English rallyist, influenced by Spanish -ista. By surface analysis, rali + -ista, the ⟨y⟩ added for euphony.


seksuwalidad

tl-noun

seksuwalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

seksuwalidád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
sekswalidad (alternative)


konsensiya

konsénsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

konsénsiyá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
konsensya (alternative)


kweba

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuweba.


pansit

pansít (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
pancit (alternative common nonstandard)

→ Tausug: pansit

[pɐn̪ˈsɪt̪̚]

From Hokkien, either:
* 扁食 (pán-si̍t, literally “flattened food; flat and thin food”), according to Manuel (1948). Attested in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as "empanadas 扁食 paǹ sit᷾ pièn sit̄",^([sic]) likely referring to dumplings which its cooking preparation also involves flattening dough, just as noodles.
* 便食 (piān si̍t, “dish that is conveniently cooked”, literally “easy food”), according to Chan-Yap (1980), but there is no evidence for the existence of such a word.
Compare Spanish pancit, English pancit, Bikol Central pansit, Indonesian pangsit.

zh-m

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


puntod

puntód (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
pongtor (alternative)
pungtod (alternative obsolete)
pungtor (alternative obsolete)
puntor (alternative)

Compare Cebuano bungtod /puntod and Hiligaynon bungsod /buntud.


arnibal

[ʔɐɾˈn̪iː.bɐl]

Borrowed from Spanish almíbar, from Arabic المَيْبَة (al-mayba), from Persian می به (may beh, literally “quince nectar”).


ugong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quʀuŋ (“roar; moan”). Compare Chamorro ugong. See also higing and hugong.

inh

deep, roaring sound (as of a strong wind, airplane, gale, etc.)

echoing sound (as of a distant cannon fire)


pananawagan

From tawag + pan- -an with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

appeal; call for aid, especially on television and radio

traditional reenactment of Joseph and Mary finding lodging for Jesus on the night before Christmas


panaginip

ᜉᜈᜄᜒᜈᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
panaguinip (alternative)
panag-inip (alternative)

[pɐ.n̪ɐˈɣiː.n̪ɪp̚]

From pan- + *tag-inip, or analytically panag- + inip (cf. panag-araw, panag-ulan), from Proto-Philippine *taʀa-qinəp (cf. Ivatan tayaynep, Ibatan tayēnep, Ilocano tagainep, Kapampangan tinap, Hanunoo tagin-op, Kinaray-a panagin-up, Waray-Waray inop /unop, Maranao taginep, Tausug tagainup), derived from Proto-Austronesian *qinəp (“lie down to sleep”). Alternative etymologies include it being from the theoretical root word ginip as attested in Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613) and Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1860). However, no prefix *pana- exists in Tagalog.

der

dream (imaginary events seen while sleeping)


asambleista

tl-noun

asambleista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜐᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
asambleyista (alternative)
asembleista (alternative)
asembleyista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish asambleísta (“member of an assembly”).


orgulyo

Borrowed from Spanish orgullo, from Catalan orgull.

"Maaaring orgulyo ang nagbunsod kay Monching para gawin ito, subali't alam kong ang hangaring makatayo sa sarili ay tinaglay na niya maging nang musmos pa"...

"Pride might have caused Monching to do this, but I know the aspiration to stand for oneself is already present on him even when he is still innocent"...

May isang panahon na ang orgulyo ng isang makata ay ang bilis sa pagsulat.

There is a time the pride of a poet is the swiftness of writing.


ukol

destining; state of being destined for (someone or something)

something which is destined or intended for (someone or something)


kiyapo

kiyapò (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜌᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
qiapo (alternative)
qiyapo (alternative)
quiapo (alternative)
kayapo (alternative)
kuyapo (alternative)

→ Spanish: Quiapo

→ Tagalog: Quiapo

From Tamil கயப்பூ (kayappū, “aquatic flower”). Compare Tausug kayapu', Malay kayapu, Indonesian kayapu, Banjarese kayapu.


usal

repeated whispers or chants (especially when memorizing prayers)


inana

[ʔɪˈn̪aː.n̪ɐ]


ahit

[ˈʔaː.hɪt̪̚]

Compare Bikol Central ahit and Kapampangan ahit.


suntok sa buwan

tl-noun

suntók sa buwán (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ ᜐ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔)

suntók sa buwán (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ ᜐ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “a punch to the moon”, first attested in the late 1970s.

(idiomatic) act which expects no good outcome; seemingly impossible task


magtataho

magtatahô (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜆᜆᜑᜓ (Baybayin)

From mag- + taho, with initial reduplication.

Kumaripas nang takbo si Lorenzo at halos nabunggo niya noon ang dalang basket ng isang magtataho.

1989, Ethel Valiente, Lorenzo Ruiz: ang unang santong martir ng pilipinas:

Lorenzo immediately ran and he almost hit the basket of a taho vendor.


mudmod

distribution of things (to everyone around)

act of distributing something to many people


pansiterya

pansiterya or pansiteryá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ)

pansiterya (canonical)
pansiteryá (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

→ English: panciteria

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish pancitería, from pancit + -ería. By surface analysis, pansit + -erya.


usisa

usisà (canonical)
ᜂᜐᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
osisa (alternative)

[ʔʊˈsiː.sɐʔ]

From Proto-Philippine *usisa (“think about; ponder”).


kahabagan

Labis ang pag-asa ng lahat ng kabig sa kahabagan mo't dunong kung magkipkip , - lahat ng sakop mo ang tuwa'y malabis .. at purong ligaya itong masasapit. Sila' y puro purong lubos ang ligaya ang matanda't bata'y tapat ang pag-asa, pati ...

1927, Simeon Aranas, SALITA AT BUHAY PINAGDAANAN NG HARING HERODES:


Kaputsino

Aywan ko kung sa purgatoryo o sa malalaking kawa ng impiyerno; ang tanging alam ko: magkakasama tayo nang walang basbas ng mga Heswita, o Pransiskano, o Agustino, o Kaputsino, o Dominiko.

1990, Elynia S. Mabanglo, Mga lihan ni pinay:


puson

pusón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pos-on (alternative)
pus-on (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *pus(ə)qun (“hypogastrium, abdomen below the navel”).


homiliya

ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
homilya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish homilía (“homily”), but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, behikulo, hedonismo, Hehoba, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, inhalador, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon).


longhitud

tl-noun

longhitúd (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

longhitúd (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


mansiyon

mansiyón (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
mansyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish mansión, from Latin mānsiō.

estate (extensive piece of land under single ownership)


mersenaryo

mersenaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish mercenario, from Latin mercēnārius.


misyonero

misyonero (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
misyunero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish misionero. Doublet of misyonaryo.


monasteryo

monasteryo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


muwebles

ᜋᜓᜏᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish muebles, plural of mueble.


nobenaryo

Borrowed from Spanish novenario, from novena.


Lumad

Lumad (group of Austronesian Non-Muslim indigenous people in the southern Philippines)


literasiya

ᜎᜒᜆᜒᜇᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
literasya (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English literacy, and influenced by Spanish words ending in -cia.


kapanahunan

tl-noun

kapanahunan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜈᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔)

panahon + ka- -an (cognate with Cebuano kapanahonan).


Pangasinense

Pangasinense (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)


kagalingan

ᜃᜄᜎᜒᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cagaliñgan (alternative)

[kɐ.ɣɐˈliː.ŋɐn̪]


kagalingan

kagalingán (canonical)
ᜃᜄᜎᜒᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cagaliñgan (alternative)

[kɐ.ɣɐˈliː.ŋɐn̪]

excellence of skill; greatness in ability


babasahin

babasahín (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜐᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From basa + -hin, from an initial reduplication of basa.


Manilenyo

Manilenyo (feminine Manilenya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Manilenya (feminine)
ᜋᜈᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish manileño, from Manila + -eño. By surface analysis, Manila + -enyo.

Kung isang Manilenyo ang pupunta sa Zamboanga, iisipin niya na siya ay nasa Espanya dahil hindi ito makakapaniwala sa mga salitang maririnig nito.

2003, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Itanghal ang bayan:

If a Manileño goes to Zamboanga, he will think that he is in Spain because he will not believe in the words he will hear.

Manileño (person from Manila, especially a male)

the de facto dialect of Tagalog spoken in Manila, used as the standard for the Filipino language


Indiyano

Indiyano (feminine Indiyana, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ)

Indiyana (feminine)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Indyano (alternative)
Indiano (alternative)

[ʔɪn̪ˈd͡ʒaː.n̪o]


Portuges

Portugés (feminine Portugesa, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜒᜐ᜔)

Portugés (canonical)
Portugesa (feminine)
ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Belhiko

Bélhikó (feminine Belhika, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜑᜒᜃᜓ)

Bélhikó (canonical)
Belhika (feminine)
ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜑᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


kaniyugan

ᜃᜈᜒᜌᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caniyogan (alternative)

[kɐˈɲuː.ɣɐn̪]

(literary) place with plenty of coconut trees; coconut plantation


langkaan

ᜎᜅ᜔ᜃᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
langcaan (alternative)
nangcaan (alternative)
nangkaan (alternative)

[lɐŋˈkaː.ʔɐn̪]


Katipunero

Katipunero (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜒᜉᜓᜈᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜃᜆᜒᜉᜓᜈᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
katipunero (alternative)

Katipunero (member of the revolutionary organization Katipunan)


mandirigma

mandirigmâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋ)

mandirigmâ (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋ (Baybayin)
mandidigma (alternative)
manririgma (alternative)

[mɐn̪.d̪ɪ.ɾɪɡˈmaʔ]

From man- + digma with partial reduplication.


dungaw

ᜇᜓᜅᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
dong̃ao (alternative)
rungaw (alternative)

[ˈd̪uː.ŋaʊ̯]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *duʔŋaw (“lookout”). Compare Kapampangan dungo, Bikol Central dung-aw, and Cebuano dungaw /dung-aw.


gerilya

ᜄᜒᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
girilya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish guerrilla, from guerra (“war”) + -illa (“diminutive suffix”).


INC

[ʔaɪ̯ ʔɛn̪ sɪ]

Iglesia ni Cristo
Iglesia ni Cristo#Tagalog


guwardiya sibil

tl-noun

guwárdiyá sibíl (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎ᜔)

guwárdiyá sibíl (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
guwardiya-sibil (alternative)

[ˌɡwaɾ.d͡ʒɐ sɪˈbɪl]

(historical) civil guard (police force in colonial Philippines from the 1850s until the Philippine Revolution)


sanduguan

sanduguán (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

sanduguán (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɐn̪.d̪ʊ.ɣʊˈʔan̪]

(historical) blood compact (ancient Philippine ritual done by drinking a blood mixture of each other's blood to seal an alliance)

(historical) initiation ceremony of the Katipunan where new members sign their name with their blood

(figurative) coalition; alliance; combining of forces (for a common purpose)


amilyar

clipping of amilyaramyento: property tax


maginoo

máginoó (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜒᜈᜓᜂ (Baybayin)
maguinoo (alternative)

(historical) the ruling class or nobility in ancient Tagalog society


alkalde mayor

alkalde mayór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔)

alkalde mayór (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

provincial governor in the Philippines during the Spanish period


monopolisasyon

monopolisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

monopolisasyón (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kroniyismo

kroniyismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
kroniismo (alternative)
kronismo (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English cronyism, influenced by Spanish -ismo. By surface analysis, kroni + -ismo, the ⟨y⟩ added for euphony.


pader

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pared. Compare Cebuano paril.


lihiya

tl-noun

lihiya or lihiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌ)

lihiya (canonical)
lihiyá (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


kunsi

kunsî (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
consi (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay kunci (“lock”), ultimately from Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā). Compare Kapampangan kunsi, Maguindanao gunsi, Maranao gonsi', and Tausug kunsi'. See also Hokkien 匙 (sî, “key”).


tsatsa

[ˈt͡ʃaː.t͡ʃɐ]

Borrowed from Latin American Spanish cha-cha, imitative of the music.

onomatopoeic

imitative


balwarte

ᜊᜎ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
baluwarte (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish baluarte, from Old Occitan or Old French balouart, from Middle Dutch bolwerc, from Middle High German bolwerc. Doublet of bulebar and bulebard.

Hindi nagkataon lamang na dumanas ang mga lalawigang ito ng maraming pag-aalsang agraryo at naging malalakas na balwarte ng Rebolusyong Filipino.

1997, Renato Constantino, Ang bagong lumipas, Volume 1, →ISBN, page 96:

It is not only a coincidence that the provinces experienced many agrarian revolts and became strongholds of the Philippine Revolution.


kanselasyon

tl-noun

kanselasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kanselasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


karapatang may-ari

karapatáng may-arì (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜀᜇᜒ)

karapatáng may-arì (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜅ᜔ ᜋᜌ᜔ᜀᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[kɐ.ɾɐ.pɐˌt̪aŋ maɪ̯ˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]


ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔

ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ • (asin)


ᜀᜐᜒᜋ᜔

ᜀᜐᜒᜋ᜔ • (asim)


mamimili

From mam- + bili with initial reduplication.


unyonista

unyonista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

From unyon (“trade union”) + -ista, or from Spanish unionista.

Siya po ay dating empleyado sa Hotel Inter-Continental Manila at naging isang masugid na unyonista sa panahong talamak ang karahasan ng rehimen lalo na laban sa hanay ng paggawa.

He is a former employee at the Hotel Inter-continental Manila and he became a devout trade unionist in the time when violence is prevalent especially against the worker's bloc.

Gayunman, agad nalantad ito sa iba pang mga unyonista na may makabayang mga paninindigan at nakaunawa ng usapin ng “dilawan” at tunay na unyonismo.

1995, Dante G. Guevarra, Manggagawa sa kasaysayan, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 53:

Therefore, it was immediately revealed to the other trade unionists who have patriotic commitments and understand the issue with the dilawan [liberals] and true trade unionism.


kapihan

From kape + -han, literally “coffee place”.


lunya

lunyâ (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
lonya (alternative)
lunia (alternative)
luniya (alternative)


sutana

Huwag kang sasama sa di mo kakilala maski pa nakasuot ito ng sutana ng pari. Pinakamainam ay humanap ka ng telepono at tawagan ang iyong employer o ang kontak ng recruitment agency mo sa bansang iyon.

2006, Susan V. Ople, Paalis ka na pala: gabay para sa OFW:

Do not follow a stranger even if it is a priest wearing a cassock. The most essential is to find a telephone and call your employer or the contact of your recruitment agency in your country.


kahandaan

kahandaán (canonical)
ᜃᜑᜈ᜔ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kangkungan

[kɐŋˈkuː.ŋɐn̪]


pindeho

ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜑᜓ (Baybayin)
pendeho (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish pendejo (“fool; stupid”, literally “pubic hair”), from Vulgar Latin *pectinī̆culum.


pagbubuntis

tl-noun

pagbubuntís (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

pagbubuntís (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + buntis with partial reduplication of the root buntis.


tagapagmana

tagapágmána (canonical)
ᜆᜄᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐ.ɣɐˌpaɡˈmaː.n̪ɐ]


mamumuhunan

mamumuhunan (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔)

ᜋᜋᜓᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From mam- + puhunan with initial reduplication.


resibo

Borrowed from Spanish recibo (“receipt”).


manilililok

tl-noun

manilililok (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔)

ᜋᜈᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + lilok with initial reduplication.


ganap

Borrowed from Malay genap, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gənəp. Compare Kapampangan ganap, Sundanese genep, Balinese ᬕᭂᬦᭂᬧ᭄ (genep), and Old Javanese gĕnĕp.

fulfillment; performance (of one's duty)


trosohan

trosohán (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜐᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Mula noon, kumalat ang pagtatayo ng mga unyon at dumami ang organisadong pag-aaklas sa mga pagawaan ng sigarilyo, sa daungan sa Iloilo, sa trosohan sa Negros Occidental, at sa mga asukarera sa Pampanga at Laguna.

Since then, formation of unions spread and organized protests increased in cigarette factories, the ports in Iloilo, in sawmills in Negros Occidental, and sugar plantations in Pampanga and Laguna.


inggitero

inggitero (feminine inggitera, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

inggitera (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪŋ.ɡɪˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]

Ipakilala mo sa kanila ... na hindi lamang sa kanilang palad ikaw mabubuhay. — Sabagay... ako rin ang me kasalanan. Alam kong binebengga na ako ng mga inggitero r'on . . . di pa ako nag-ingat. Sana'y hindi ko na sinabing sa kumpanya ...

Introduce to them ... that you'll not only live under their palms. - Well ... I'm all behind this. I know I'm being slammed by those envious guys there ... 'coz I'm not aware. I hope I didn't told the company ...


tsikinini

tsikininì (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜈᜒᜈᜒ)

tsikininì (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜈᜒᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
chikinini (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪ.xɪˈn̪iː.n̪ɪʔ]


bulutong

Compare Northern Kankanay bultong, Pangasinan golotong.


aglahi

→ Kapampangan: aglahi

[ʔɐɡˈlaː.hɪʔ]


ngalngal

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ŋalŋál.


huweteng

ᜑᜓᜏᜒᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
hueteng (alternative)
hweteng (alternative)
jueteng (alternative)

[ˈhwɛː.t̪ɛŋ]

Borrowed from Hokkien, specifically Quanzhou Hokkien 花當 /花当 (hoe-tǹg):
* 買 /买 (bóe, “to buy; to purchase”) + 花當 /花当 (hoe-tǹg) as recorded in Douglas (1873).
* 花 (hoe, “to spend”, literally “flower; to bloom; to blossom”) + 當 /当 (tǹg, “to pawn; to take on mortgage”) according to Manuel (1948).
* 花 (hoe, “to spend”, literally “flower; to bloom; to blossom”) + 檔 /档 (tòng, “space”) according to Chan-Yap (1977) while transcribing the latter character as ⟨“tn”⟩. Though in Chan-Yap (1980), she transcribed the latter instead as ⟨“tŋ̣̆”⟩ (POJ: tǹg) with a different character, 擋 /挡 (tòng). However, Chinese publications in the Philippines currently use 花檔／花档 to refer to the game. According to (Wang, 1982), 擋 /挡 used to be written as 當 /当.
The gambling game traces back to China where it is known more popularly and historically as 花會 and has been played since Early Ming Dynasty to Late Qing Dynasty times starting in Coastal China, specifically in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Tianjin, Beijing, and spreading across Inland China and abroad and finally banned last in China since 1949. It has been made illegal in the Philippines in 1907 under American rule. In the 21st century, it is still played illegally in secret in China and the Philippines under the informal economy of both countries, but government-run lotteries are used to regulate and compete against the illegal private practice.
See also wahoy with Zhangzhou Hokkien 花會 /花会 (hoa-hōe) and Xiamen Hokkien 花會 /花会 (hoe-hē).

(gambling) jueteng (an illegal Chinese numbers game lottery of number pairs from 1 to 37 on balls or raffle ticket papers stored in either a tambiolo container which is spun or a bottle-shaped or small-necked phial receptacle which is shaken, then the winning number is drawn after all bets are submitted)

History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
Ming Dynasty
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Qing Dynasty
Thomas Barclay (missionary)
informal economy
zh-min-nan:Lîm Iàn-sîn
zh:林燕臣


manunugal

manunugál (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜓᜈᜓᜄᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + sugal with initial reduplication.

Ang isang inang manunugal o isang amang manlalango ay gurong hindi man nagtuturo sa kanyang mga anak ay nakayayari ng mga anak na manunugal din at manlalango.


tambiyolo

ᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
tambyolo (alternative)
tambiolo (alternative)
tambola (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish tambiolo, possibly via tambo + -i- + Italian -olo. See also Spanish tómbola, which is also from Italian tombola. Compare English tambiolo.

bor+

Bago ang lahat, Isang, pakiikot mo ang tambiyolo at bumunot ka ng numero ng tiket.

2000, Rey Edrozo De la Cruz, Mag Cruz Hatol, Tatlong manyika hanggang sa Pulburon, University of Michigan, →ISBN, page 180:

Before anything else, first, spin the tambiolo and pull out one of the numbered tickets.

Pero para sa mga normal na tao, walang kasing pait ang magpalakad-lakad sa kadiliman at tumaya sa tambiyolo ng buhay hoping na may mapuntahan at magpapatuloy sa iyo na kaibigan.

2014, Rei Lemuel Crizaldo, Boring ba ang Bible mo?, Mandaluyong: OMF Literature, →ISBN, page 37:

But for normal people, it's not as easy as walking around in the dark and betting your life on a spin of a tambiolo hoping that your friends will be there to come to your aid.

Mag-asawa na hikahos noon, naging milyonaryo dahil sa tambiyolo

2018 January 17, Jamil Santos, GMA News Online:

They were poor when they married, but now are millionaires due to tambiolos

tambiolo; revolving lottery drum where numbered tickets or balls are placed and drawn to get the winning numbers


tsikot

[t͡ʃɪˈxot̪̚]

Backslang from kotse, first attested in the 1970s.

... Whiskey ba o artista // Ang puwedeng pang-romansa // May delatang fresh na fresh // Patis walang kaparis // Sigarilyong pang-macho // Pabango para sa B.O. // Tansang Pepsi at Coke // May kapalit daw na tsikot

1985, Kasarinlan: A Philippine Quarterly of Third World Studies:

Can a whiskey or an actor // A match for romance // There is fresh canned food // Fish sauce with no match // Cigarettes for the man // Perfume for BO [bad odor] // A Pepsi or Coke bottle lid // Has a car in return

Nang makausap ko si Justo sa telepono, halos memoryado pa niya ang kanyang mga sinulat noong 1970s halimbawa'y: BAGO mag-Martial Law, may isang aktor, kaguwapong aktor na may bagong tsikot noon.

2007, Julianito Villasanta, Exposé: peryodismong pampelikula sa Pilipinas, →ISBN:

When I talked with Justo on the telephone, he almost knew those he wrote on the 1970, for example: BEFORE Martial Law is declared, there was an actor, a very handsome actor who have a new car that time.

Suwabe ang pagbaba ko ngayon. Sana ganu'n palagi. Bumaba ako sa eksaktong harap ng gate. Para diyahe sa mga chics sa eksaktong gate na naghihintay ng kanilang mga sosyalistang kaibigan o sundo, siyempre de-tsikot ang mga 'yun.

2016, Jaret Co, Isang Pelikula, Flipside Digital Content Company Inc., →ISBN:


espadahan

espadahán (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜇᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ispadahan (alternative)

Lubha diumanong natuwa ang mga musmos sa balitang tagumpay ni Corcuera kayâ naglaro silá ng espadahan at isang pangkat ang gumanap na mga sundalong Kristiyano laban sa isang pangkat na pumapel na mga mandirigmang Muslim.

2010, Virgilio S. Almario, “Tungo sa Pagbuo ng Pambansang Dulaan”, in Philippine Humanities Review, page 7:

The young children were reportedly glad about the news of Corcuera's victory so they played swordfight and one group assumed the role of the Christian soldiers against the other group who played the role of the Muslim warriors.

Ang nasabi ni Gilbert na ang tinutukoy ay ang ari niyang nakatago't mukhang handa ng makipag-espadahan. Hinimas-himas ni Gilbert. Nakuryente ako sa kanyang ginagawa.

2014, Taga Imus, Ang Mga Lihim ng Pulang Diary: Tagalog Gay Stories, →ISBN, page 15:

What Gilbert said is that his penis, hidden from view, seems to be ready for frotting. I see Gilbert rub it. I'm electrified by what he did.


alaskador

alaskadór (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜐ᜔ᜃᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

REY. Alaskador ka pa rin. DOM. No, tell me, Rey. Bumusina ka lang kung nasasaktan na kita.

1989, Reuel Molina Aguila, Ligalig, at iba pang dula, →ISBN:

REY. You're also a teaser. No, tell me, Rey. Tell me only if I've already hurt you.

Sabi nga ng mga kasama niya, alaskador kasi si Ka Vito, kaya pati usapin ng kamatayan ay inaalaska pa rin. Alaskador. ... ito ang trademark niya sa kilusan.

What his friends said is that Vito is an teaser, so [he] still tries to poke fun on the topic of death. Alaskador [teaser] is his trademark in the movement.


hingalo

Possibly from hi- + ngalo, but Panganiban (1973) thinks it to be from hing- + kalo. Compare Malay keluh (“sigh”).


pamangkin

pamangkín (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pamangquin (alternative)
pamanquin (alternative)
pamangcqin (alternative)
pamankin (alternative obsolete)

Possibly from root anak. Compare Cebuano pag-umangkon.


pulubi

ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
polobe (alternative)
polobi (alternative)
plube (alternative obsolete)
pulube (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pobre (“poor”), with metathesis. Doublet of pobre, a later borrowing. Compare Hiligaynon porobe and Spanish probe.


sanggunian

tl-noun

sanggunián or sanggúnián (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜈᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

sanggunián (canonical)
sanggúnián (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜈᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɐŋ.ɡʊ.n̪ɪˈʔan̪]

[sɐŋˌɡuː.n̪ɪˈʔan̪]


almowadilya

almowadilya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜏᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜏᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
almohadilya (alternative)
almuhadilya (alternative)
almuwadilya (alternative)
almwadilya (alternative)


oksiheno

oksíhenó (canonical)
ᜂᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜑᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


alkatsopa

Borrowed from Spanish alcachofa, ultimately from Arabic الخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf, “artichoke”).


bunto

Isa pa, ayon kay LKS, nasa huling pantig diumano ang diin o “bunto" ng bigkas sa mga salitang mabilis.

2003, Makabagong Balarilang Filipino' 2003 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 97:

Additionally, according to LKS, the stress or accent of mabilis words are on the last syllable.

(linguistics, phonetics) stress or accent of a syllable

(obsolete) act of throwing at something with force

(obsolete) fall from where one is standing or from a building due to dizziness

(obsolete) strong but intermittent blows of air

(obsolete) act of entrusting to fate (of competitors)


masahihan

From masahe + -han, literally “massage place”.


tatak-kalakal

tl-noun

taták-kalakal (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜆᜃ᜔ᜃᜎᜃᜎ᜔)

taták-kalakal (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜃ᜔ᜃᜎᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


tatak-daliri

taták-dalirì (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜆᜃ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜒ)

taták-dalirì (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜃ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌt̪ak d̪ɐˈliː.ɾɪʔ]


tawaran

tawarán or táwáran (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜏᜇᜈ᜔)

tawarán (canonical)
táwáran (canonical)
ᜆᜏᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˈwaː.ɾɐn̪]

[ˌt̪aːˈwaː.ɾɐn̪]


tawaran

[t̪ɐˈwaː.ɾɐn̪]

[ˌt̪aːˈwaː.ɾɐn̪]

common price offered to the majority of buyers


tuklong

tuklóng (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
toclong (alternative)

small temporary shrine or chapel (especially made of nipa and bamboo in the barrios)


talyasi

talyasì (canonical)
ᜆᜎ᜔ᜌᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
taliasi (alternative obsolete)
tallasi (alternative)
tallase (alternative)
tulyasi (alternative)

From Chinese [Term?]. Compare Bikol Central talwasi. See also Ilocano silyasi.

medium-sized wok-shaped iron vat (usually used for cooking rice during celebrations)


lahad

extending out of one's arms with open palms (as beggars do)

unrolling or unfolding to show something

explaining one by one; rhetorical explanation; exposition


trintsera

trintsera (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
trinsera (alternative)

[t̪ɾɪn̪ˈt͡ʃɛː.ɾɐ]

[t̪ɾɪn̪ˈt͡sɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish trinchera (“trench”).


kreyon

Borrowed from Spanish creyón, from English crayon, from French crayon (“pencil”).


five-six

tl-noun

five-six (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜌ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜉᜌ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English five-six. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

E, siyempre, wala namang magpapautang sa iyo nang walang tubo, kaya ang mga empleyado halos baon na ho sa five-six.

Umutang ulit sa 'five-six' (siguro walapang kooperatiba sa lugar na iyon). Nagtanim. Halos anihin na. Umulan, bumagyo, natangay.

1992, NATCCO Congress 1: Agenda & Reports : a Report of the Proceedings of and Resolutions Adopted by the NATCCO Congress I Held at the Asian Institute of Tourism (AIT), Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, on May 27-29, 1992:

Pag nangolekta ng pautang sa five six . . . isang linggo, ang limang piso ibabalik ng anim. AE - When you charge usurious rates for loans . . .

I said, bawiin ninyo ang sinabi ninyo! Magkakautang-utang ba ako sa five-six para hanapin ang asawa ko kung totoo yan?" A bishop told her, "Romy is a smart boy. If he were somewhere he would somehow let you know."

1993, Ma. Ceres P. Doyo, Journalist in Her Country: Articles, Essays & Photographs, 1980-1992:

Pero kulang pa ang ganitong kita para sa maraming Filipina dahil baon sila sa utang mula sa five-six para makapunta lamang sa Hong Kong. Kaya kada matapos ang trabaho, si Maria ay uupo sa kantong mesa sa distrito ng Wan Chai.

2005, Roland B. Tolentino, Sakit ng kalingkingan: 100 dagli sa edad ng krisis, →ISBN:


alon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun. Compare Bikol Central alon, Ilocano allon, Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦤ꧀ (alun), Malagasy aluna, and Malay alun.


Persa

Borrowed from Spanish persa, from Latin Persa, Persēs, from Ancient Greek Πέρσης (Pérsēs), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/).

Persian (native or inhabitant of Persia)


harapan

From harap + -an. Compare Tausug harapan, Yakan harapan, and Malay hadapan.


pranela

[pɾɐˈn̪ɛː.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish franela, from French flanelle.


tutsang

tl-noun

tutsáng or tutsang (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜅ᜔)

tutsáng (canonical)
tutsang (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ʊtˈt͡ʃaŋ]

[ˈt̪uː.t͡ʃɐŋ]

Borrowed from Hokkien 頭鬃 /头鬃 (thâu-chang, “queue braided hair; hair”).

bor+

short hair on a woman's head; pigtail; queue


dalamhati

dalamhatì (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜋ᜔ᜑᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay dalam hati (“in one's heart; inwardly”), from dalam (“within”) + hati (“emotions”, literally “liver”). Compare luwalhati, pighati, ulohati, lunggati, and salaghati.

compound

grief; extreme sorrow; distress; affliction


apyan

apyán (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
apiyan (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 鴉片 /鸦片 (a-phiàn, “opium”), ultimately from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of ampiyon, opyum, and opyo.


opyum

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós
Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós)
Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
Latin opiumbor.
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
English opiumbor.
Tagalog opyum
Borrowed from English opium, from Latin opium, from Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion). Doublet of opyo, ampiyon, and apyan.


katalunan

ᜃᜆᜎᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kataluhan (alternative)


akwarela

[ʔɐk.wɐˈɾɛː.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish acuarela, from Italian acquarella.


akwarelista

tl-noun

akwarelista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜏᜇᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜏᜇᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acuarelista. By surface analysis, akwarela + -ista.


talapihitan

talápihitán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜉᜒᜑᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

talápihitán (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜉᜒᜑᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

KAYO'Y NAKIKINIG SA HIMPILANO DZMZ, 1313 SA TALAPIHITAN NG INYONG RADYO...ABA, MALAYO MONG MA SUNGKIT ANG " OO " NI SUSAN KUNG GANYANG WALA KANG GINAWA KUNDI MAKINIG NG RADYO, " BUKOL E, TETONG PAS LA!

2006, Zosimo Quibilan (Jr), Pagluwas

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Tiniyaga ni Uly ang paglalakbay para na rin malaman ang katotohanan sa pagkatao niya. Inikot ni Nana Diway ang talapihitan ng transistor bago harapin ang bakuran.

Nang maikabit ang antenna ay itinapat ng matanda ang talapihitan sa paborito nitong AM na istasyon.

2022, Martha Cecilia, Gems 48: Coron, Iisa Lang Ang Puso Ko:

tuner (component of an audio system that receives radio broadcasts)


kalburo

Borrowed from Spanish carburo (“carbide”). The second sense derives from a shortening from kanyon de-kalburo, from Spanish cañón de carburo (“carbide cannon”).

bor

"Hindi delikado ang magpaputok ng kanyong yari sa kawayan!" "At matipid pa po !" sabi ni Totong. " Kapirasong kalburo lang po ang kailangan ko para mapaputok ko iyon nang paulit-ulit." "Tama iyon." "Malakas din naman po ang putok ng ...

carbide-powered homemade bamboo cannon lighted during New Year


trabyesa

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜊ᜔ᜌᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
trabiyesa (alternative)

[t̪ɾɐbˈjɛː.sɐ]

Nariyan ang ballasting gang, ang nagkakalat at nagpipikpik ng buhangin at graba sa ilalim ng riles at sa pagitan ng mga trabyesa. Nariyan ang bridge gang, ang gumagawa sa mga tulay at sa mga kantarilya.

1970, Manunulat (mga piling akdang Pilipino).:

(rail transport) cross-tie; sleeper; railroad tie


milyahe

Ang munting pagkakahuli ng isa sa isa ay malaking bagay. Sa kanyang pakikipagkarera ay halos saksak na ang karayom ng milyahe sa pinakamataas na bilang, nguni't ni minsan ay hindi pa siya naaksidente...


labintador

tl-noun

labintadór (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

labintadór (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish reventador, with sound change of /ɾ/ to /l/ (compare litrato and litratista).

Kasi, ayon sa nabasa ko, may isang lalaking nabulag dahilan lamang sa pagpapaputok ng labintador. : Naku, kaawa-awa naman siya. Hindi na niya makikita ang magandang kalikasan natin.

year unknown, Diwang Filipino, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 21

Nagsunuran na rin ang iba pa, papaalis na ang feri, bumusina na ito, parang labintador na pinaputok sa loob ng teinga, butod na ang feri sa mga sasakyan at kargamento sa kanyang tyan, ...

1999, Roland B. Tolentino, Sapinsaping pag-ibig at pagtangis: tatlong novella ng pagsinta't paghihinagpis, →ISBN:

alternative form of rebentador: triangle-shaped firecracker


kwitis

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwitis.


kalungsuran

kalungsurán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

kalungsurán (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜓᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


pikolo

Borrowed from Spanish pícolo, from Italian piccolo.

(pyrotechnics) piccolo (a type of firecracker in the form of a thin small cylindrical stick filled with gunpowder and lit in the same way as a match)


palaisipan

paláisipán (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜁᜐᜒᜉᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From isip + pala- -an, literally “something to think or ponder about”.

af

puzzle (anything difficult to understand)


kaligayahan

tl-noun

kaligayahan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒᜄᜌᜑᜈ᜔)


pakitang-tao

pakitang-tao (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃᜒᜆᜅ᜔ᜆᜂ)

From pakita + tao, literally “a person for show”.

compound

... ang Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), Folk Arts Theater, Philippine Trade Center, Philcite at Film Center. Ito ang ginawang sentrong pangkultura ng bansa. Ngunit naging magastos ang ganitong gawain. Ang iba ay pagkukunwari at pakitang tao lamang.

2003, Pilipinas, Bayang Minamahal 5' 2003 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 269:

... the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC), Folk Arts Theater, Philippine Trade Center, Philcite and Film Center. This is made the national cultural center. But constructing them is costly. Others are just pretense and show-offs.

(idiomatic) pretense; superficiality; insincere show of good character or concern toward others, usually to distract people from scrutinizing one's bad behavior


kaplastikan

tl-noun

kaplástikán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔)

kaplástikán (canonical)
ᜃᜉ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From plastik + ka- -an. Attested from the 1990s.

Marahil, hindi rin niya matatagalan ang bolahan, kaplastikan, kakitiran ng utak at pagkamanhid ng maruming nasa loob nito. Malinaw ang kanyang pananaw hinggil sa kahulugan ng kaunluran: pagpapalakas sa masa, paglaya, at pagsulong ...

1991, Michael A. Hamlin, Remembering Gasty: A Man of Peace, a Man for Others:

Possibly, he cannot endure the flattery, insincerity, narrow-mindedness and insensitivity inside him. His view on the meaning of prosperity is clear: empowering the masses, freedom, and advancing...

Kadalasan, ibinubunyag ng mga krisis ang kahinaan ng mga sistemang ibinubunsod ng ilan tulad ng kaplastikan, kaliluhan sa kapangyarihan at pagkagahaman sa kapangyarihan.

1999, Bayan Iii - Makatao at Maunlad Na Lipunan (batayang Aklat)1st Ed. 1999, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 250:

Crises frequently reveal the weaknesses of systems led by a few like insincerity, betrayal of public trust and greed for power.

(idiomatic, informal, of a person) insincerity; fakeness


kaplastikan

kaplastikan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜉ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

someone pretended to be in good relationships with


pestisidyo

pestisidyo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Siyokoy word or pseudo-Hispanism derived from English pesticide, from pest + -i- + -cide. Created under a false assumption Spanish has *pesticidio (correct Spanish: pesticida, expected *pestisida).

tl-siyokoy word

Tinanong ng kabataan: nabalitaan ba ni Tandang Julio ang tungkol sa sinunog na planta ng pestisidyo na itinayo sa hilagang bahagi ng bayan? Oo, sabi ng matanda. Nabalitaan daw niya, hindi pa nagtatagal. Sinunog daw iyon ng mga ...

Mura ang palay samantalang ang gastos sa pagsasaka, tulad ng paghahanda ng bukid, abono at pestisidyo at herbisidyo ay sobrang napakataas ng presyo.

Hindi hinayaan ng mga apektadong may-ari ng lupain na maging madali ang pagtatagumpay ng programa. Pinutol ng mga panginoong may-lupa ang pagpapautang ng mga panggastos sa pagtatanim (punla, pestisidyo, at pataba) at patubig.

2003, Eden M. Gripaldo, Kasaysayan ng Filipinas at mga institusyong Filipino, →ISBN:


dalas

Possibly inherited from Proto-Philippine *darás, or borrowed from Malay deras from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀas (“hasten”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀəs (“swift flowing of water, rain”). Compare Ilocano daras /degges, Aklanon daeas, Maranao daras /reges. Doublet of dagas. See also Sanskrit धारा (dhārā, “stream”).

inh

rapidity; swiftness (as of movement of running feet)


bireta

[bɪˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish birreta (“biretta”).


burara

[bʊˈɾaː.ɾɐʔ]

carelessness and untidiness (in appearance, habit, work, etc.)


kampeonato

tl-noun

kampeonato (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜓᜈᜆᜓ)

ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜓᜈᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kampiyonato (alternative)


hektometro

hektometro (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

1 hektometro = 100 metro

2007, Prentice Hall multilingual handbook, Pearson Prentice Hall, →ISBN, page 16:


salamangka

ᜐᜎᜋᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)
salamanca (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish salamanca (“sleight of hand”), alluding to the University of Salamanca, which taught magic according to historical popular belief.


tungayaw

[t̪ʊˈŋaː.jaʊ̯]

act of castigating someone with insulting or profane language


sigarilyas

tl-noun

sigarilyas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜄᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔)

ᜐᜒᜄᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
segidilyas (alternative)
sigadilyas (alternative)
sigarilya (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish seguidillas with metathesis, plural of seguidilla (“winged bean”). Compare Cebuano sigidilyas (“chickpea”), Waray-Waray sigidilyas (“winged bean”), and Chamorro sigidiyas (“winged bean”). Doublet of segidilya.
Alternative etymologies include Spanish cigarrillas (plural of cigarrilla), and Spanish cigarillas (plural of cigarilla). However, these words do not exist.


kundol

kundól (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
condol (alternative)
kondol (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kundul. See also Malay kundur and Chamorro kondót.

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual

winter melon; wax gourd (Benincasa hispida)


materyal

materyál (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
materyales (alternative plural-normally)

material; stuff (used to make something for a specific purpose)

material (substance that something is made of)


kiya

kiyà (canonical)
kiyâ (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

From Hokkien 行 (kiâⁿ, “to walk”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). See also kiyang.

peculiar or characteristic gait; gesticulation; posture


limahid

ᜎᜒᜋᜑᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
limahir (alternative)

extreme untidiness; shabbiness (of clothes and body)

(obsolete) mark left by a strike of a whip


tagtuyot

tagtuyót (canonical)
ᜆᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜌᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐɡ.t̪ʊˈjot̪̚]


suswi

suswî (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜏᜒ (Baybayin)
sosoui (alternative)
susuwi (alternative)


kakulangan

kakulangán (canonical)
ᜃᜃᜓᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cacolang̃an (alternative)

From kulang + ka- -an. Cognate to Malay kekurangan.


kasiguraduhan

tl-noun

kasiguraduhan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜒᜄᜓᜇᜇᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜐᜒᜄᜓᜇᜇᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


wansoy

wansóy (canonical)
ᜏᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
unsoy (alternative)
wansuy (alternative)
yansoy (alternative)

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual


triguhan

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
trigohan (alternative)

[t̪ɾɪˈɣuː.hɐn̪]


himalad

palmistry; palm reading; fortune-telling by reading the lines of the palm


habal-habal

habal-habal (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜊᜎ᜔ᜑᜊᜎ᜔)


resistensya

resistensya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.sɪsˈt̪ɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of resistensiya.


Kaniyang Kabunyian

Kaniyáng Kabunyián (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜌᜅ᜔ ᜃᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

Kaniyáng Kabunyián (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜒᜌᜅ᜔ ᜃᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Kanyang Kabunyian (alternative)

[kɐˌɲaŋ kɐ.bʊn.ɲɪˈʔan̪]


karangalan

ᜃᜇᜅᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
carang̃alan (alternative)

[kɐ.ɾɐˈŋaː.lɐn̪]


manunubos

mánunúbos (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜓᜈᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + tubos (“redemption”) with initial reduplication.


dikdik-bawang

dikdík-bawang (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜊᜏᜅ᜔)

dikdík-bawang (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜊᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “pounding garlic [with a mortar and pestle]”.

m-g

pounding garlic 􂀿with a mortar and pestle􂁀


dedlayn

[ˈd̪ɛd̪.l̪aɪ̯n̪]

deadline (date on or before which something must be completed)


karinyo

Borrowed from Spanish cariño, possibly via Aragonese cariño, from Latin carere.


pahinarya

Borrowed from Spanish paginaría, but the sense comes from Spanish página (“page”), as in Spanish página web (“web page”).

Ayon sa pahinaryang Filipiknow, si Melchora Aquino ay ang kaunaunahang babae na itinampok sa papel de bangko.

2018, Ian Gapoy, “Si Lola Sora”, in Cosmic Journal, archived from the original on 2019-04-08, page 6:

According to the website Filipiknow, Melchora Aquino is the first woman featured in a banknote.


selepono

seléponó (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

From a blend of selpon + telepono, as a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English cellphone influenced by telepono, which is from Spanish teléfono.

pseudo-loan

Nabagsak ko ang aking selepono sa pag-igpaw mula sa kama.

2012, U Z. Eliserio, chapter 3, in Sa mga Suso ng Liwanag, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 28:

I dropped my cell phone while jumping on the bed.


henetika

[hɛˌn̪ɛː.t̪ɪˈxa]

Matatanggap ba natin na ang pagiging ina ay isang konsepto na nakaugat lamang sa henetika?

1997, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Rebyu Ng Agham-panlipunan Ng Pilipinas, page 30:

Can we accept that becoming a mother is a concept that is only rooted on genetics?


nitroheno

tl-noun

nitróhenó (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜑᜒᜈᜓ)

nitróhenó (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜑᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɪˌt̪ɾoː.hɛˈn̪o]

Nagdaragdag ng pertilidad ng lupa sa pamamagitan ng mga buhay na maliliit na organismo na tumutulong sa pagkuha ng nitroheno mula sa hangin.

1989, Irinea B. Samuel, Sining ng pakikipagtalastasan (Filipino sa Kolehiyo), page 101:

It adds fertility to the soil through microorganisms that helps capture nitrogen from the air.


tsiklet

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Genericized trademark from English Chiclets, an American brand of chewing gum, from Spanish chicle.

Tapos na produkto ang mga ito na hindi tulad ng palabas sa tanghalan na maaari pang baguhin o paunlarin sa sumunod na araw ng pagtatanghal. Kinakain ang programa bilang preparado nang pagkain, tulad ng coke buhat sa makinang Vendo o tsiklet sa sisidlang plastik.

1978, Philippine Social Sciences and Humanities Review, Volumes 42-43:

Iwasan ang pagtatapon ng tsiklet sa daanan.

2017, Curtis McFarland, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, Diksyunaryong Monolingwal sa Filipino:


kuratsa

[kʊˈɾaː.t͡ʃɐ]

Contraction of Mexican Spanish cucaracha (“a type of folk dance”). Doublet of kukaratsa. See also English cucaracha (“a Mexican ballroom and nightclub dance”).

ncog

folk music and dance, especially popular in Samar


labada

laundry; washload (that which needs to be laundered)


kabuwanan

last or ninth month of pregnancy; maturity of pregnancy

maturity month for certain acts or events; month when certain things mature (such as loans, fruits, harvest, etc.)


selan

ᜐᜒᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
saelan (alternative obsolete)
selang (alternative)
silan (alternative)

Unknown. Possibly from Hokkien:
* Clipping of 詳細 /详细 (siâng-sè, “detailed”) + 儂 / 人 /侬 / 人 (lâng, “person; people”), according to Manuel (1948).
* 西人 (se-lâng, “Westerner”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).
See also Kapampangan maselan (“finicky; over formal; touchy; who in all things finds fault”), from sala (“to find fault, or to censure, blame”).

cog

delicateness of a condition or situation


laspag

(slang) woman who has been raped or gave birth out of wedlock


takal

Borrowed from Malay takar. Compare Cebuano takal and Kapampangan takal.

measurement by volume of grain, powder, liquid, etc. (by liter, gallon, etc.)

(business) sale of merchandise at a certain rate by unit of measurement

(business) rate of charge by unit of measurement (for merchandise sold)

(colloquial) hitting of prisoners as punishment


takal

(obsolete) a kind of vessel (different from gusi)


pagbati

[pɐɡˈbaː.t̪ɪʔ]

From pag- + bati (“greeting; congratulations”).


pagbati

[pɐɡ.bɐˈt̪ɪ]


dalmatika

dalmátiká (canonical)
ᜇᜎ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


mantala

Borrowed from Malay mantera (“invocation; prayer”), from Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra).

bor+

(mythology) incantation; conjuration; exorcism

Sophora tomentosa
Wikispecies:Sophora tomentosa


balikutsa

balikutsá (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
balkutsa (alternative)


balana

(by extension) exposure to infrared rays (as part of medical treatment)


itsa

Borrowed from Spanish echar (“to throw”), from Late Latin iectāre, from Latin iactāre. See also dyet.


pagsagot

pagsagót (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜄᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

act of assuming another's responsibility


panagot

surety; voucher; guarantee (against loss or damage)


sagpak

falling flat with one's abdomen on the water surface (in a swimming pool, river, etc.)

noise of breaking waves hitting the beach (especially during a storm)


sagubang

small, temporary shed-like hut in the middle of a field under cultivation used by farmers


kutitap

swarming motion (of tiny ants, worms, people, etc.)


kutis

Borrowed from Spanish cutis, from Latin cutis.


kusinilya

ᜃᜓᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
kosinilya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cocinilla (“small kitchen”).


kuwadrado

Borrowed from Spanish cuadrado (“square”).


kutamaya

ᜃᜓᜆᜋᜌ (Baybayin)
cotamaya (alternative)
cutamaya (alternative)
kotamaya (alternative)

Early borrowing from Spanish cota de malla (“chainmail”, literally “coat of mail”).


kutiltil

kutiltíl (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

slow and meticulous manner (in doing something)

person who does things in a slow and meticulous manner


kuwarentena

tl-noun

kuwarentena (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜏᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ)

ᜃᜓᜏᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
kuwarantena (alternative)

[kwɐ.ɾɛn̪ˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɐ]


kuwarteto

Borrowed from Spanish cuarteto (“quartet”).


kuwartel

kuwartél (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cuartel (“barracks”). Doublet of kuwarto.


kuwarta

tl-noun

kuwarta or kuwartá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜆ)

kuwarta (canonical)
kuwartá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
cuarta (alternative)
kwarta (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Spanish cuarta. Doublet of kuwalta and kuwarto.


kuwan

kuwán (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
coan (alternative)
couan (alternative)

Possibly either from the following:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuan (“to speak, talk”), or derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kua (“whatchamacallit”). Cognate with Ilocano kua, Cebuano kuan, Bikol Central kuwan, Tausug kuwan, Karo Batak er-kuan (“to speak”), and Tontemboan kuan (“what is said or thought”). See also Kapampangan kayi.
* From Sanskrit क्व (kva, “somewhere”), according to Potet (2016).
* From a corruption of Spanish cuál (“what”), according to Panganiban (1973). See also Spanish cuan.

cog

Nakita mo ba si kuwan? Ipapadala niya kasi dapat yung kuwan ko sa kuwan.

Did you see the guy? Because he's supposed to send my thing to the place.

so-and-so, whatchamacallit (placeholder name for a person or thing)


kutsukutso

tl-noun

kutsukutsó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ)

kutsukutsó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
kutso-kutso (alternative)
kutsu-kutso (alternative)

Reduplication of *kutso, from Spanish cuchicheo (“whisper”). See also Malay kecoh (“frenzy; noise; make a fuss”).


kuwako

ᜃᜓᜏᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
kuako (alternative obsolete)
kwako (alternative)
sikwako (alternative)

→ Hanunoo: kuwako

Said to be from Chinese. Compare Ilocano suako, Northern Kankanay kowako (“pipe”), Cebuano kuwako, and Tausug kuwakuꞌ. See also Mexican Spanish chacuaco (“chimney; furnace; cigarette butt”) as in fumar como chacuaco (“smoking excessively”, literally “fuming like a chimney”).


kuwadra

ᜃᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
kwadra (alternative nonstandard)


kuwadra

kuwadrá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
kwadra (alternative nonstandard)


kuwaho

ᜃᜓᜏᜑᜓ (Baybayin)
cuajo (alternative)
huaho (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien, exactly which word is uncertain, but possibly from 看好 (khòaⁿ, hó͘, literally “look, yeah!”) according to Manuel (1948) or 看虎 (khòaⁿ hó͘, “watching the tiger”) (compare khanhoo). Compare the cognates Kapampangan kuwaho and Spanish cuajo.

(card games) cuajo (a kind of gambling card game consisting of 144 cards played by three or four players)


kurukya

shout made in calling chickens at feeding time


kekok

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). Possibly onomatopoeic.


kayumkom

kayumkóm (canonical)
ᜃᜌᜓᜋ᜔ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

act of clenching or enclosing something (in one's hand)

Clerodendrum brachyanthum (a species of tree, the leaves of which used as a tonic for stomach trouble)


ketungan

[kɛˈt̪uː.ŋɐn̪]


ketungin

[kɛˈt̪uː.ŋɪn̪]


kembot

ᜃᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
shembot (alternative slang)


kidkid

kidkíd (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
quidquid (alternative)

[kɪd̪ˈkɪd̪̚]

spool; coil; roll (of thread, wire, string, twine, etc.)

act of winding on a spool (of thread, wire, string, twine, etc.)


kikyam

tl-noun

kikyam or kikyám (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜃ᜔ᜌᜋ᜔)

kikyam (canonical)
kikyám (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜃ᜔ᜌᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
kikiam (alternative)
kekyam (alternative)
que-quian (alternative)
que-kiam (alternative)
kikiyam (alternative dated)
kuwekyam (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Hokkien, the first syllable of which most likely is from 雞 /鸡 (ke, “chicken”) (as noted by Manuel (1948), though the chief ingredient of the dish nowadays is pork). The second syllable is unclear, though it may possibly be from:
* From 繭 /茧 (kián, “cocoon”). Compare Taiwanese Hokkien 肉繭 /肉茧 (bah-kián, “ngo hiang”).
* From 鹹 /咸 (kiâm, “viand; rice topping”). See also kiyampong, tawkiam.
* From 卷 (kńg, “roll”). Compare 雞卷 /鸡卷 (koe-kńg, “ngo hiang”), though unlikely since dialects that use the pronunciation "ke" for 雞 /鸡 would use "kúiⁿ" for 卷.
The slang sense is from the first syllable being homophonous to the last syllable of puki according to Zorc (1993).

kikiam (Philippine variant of ngo hiang)


kamaw

kamáw (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
kam-aw (alternative Batangas dialectal)

Borrowed from Hokkien 崁甌 /崁瓯 (khàm-au, “cup with a cover”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

reddish earthen pan or bowl (for cooked food)


kakilawan

kakilawán (canonical)
ᜃᜃᜒᜎᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kinday

[kɪn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

affected gait; strutting (while walking)


kinsi-kinsi

tl-noun

kinsí-kinsí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ)

kinsí-kinsí (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
cqinsicqinsi (alternative)
quinsiquinsi (alternative)
quinci-quinci (alternative)
kinsikinsi (alternative)

[kɪn̪ˌsɪ xɪn̪ˈsɪ]

balustrade; railing; banister; lattice railing


kukunan

kukunán (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜃᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kukuhaan (alternative)
kukuhanan (alternative)

Syncopic form of kukuhanan. Can also be analyzed as initial reduplication of kunan.


kulubong

kulubóng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

head wrap; head covering (used by women)


kulakling

kulaklíng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


kulimlim

kulimlím (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
colimlim (alternative)
culimlim (alternative)


apilador

apiladór (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜒᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


palatanungan

palatanungan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜆᜈᜓᜅᜈ᜔)


likor

Borrowed from Spanish licor, from Latin liquōrem.

liquor (strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation)


likor

tlb

(now dialectal, Batangas, Rizal, informal)

likór (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜃᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
licor (alternative)


hotsilog

hótsilóg (canonical)
ᜑᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
hatsilog (alternative)

Blend of English hotdog + silog, which the latter is itself a
blend of sinangag + itlog.

hotsilog (a meal of hot dog with fried rice and fried egg)


lebadura

ᜎᜒᜊᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
libadura (alternative)

Sa unang buwan ng ikalabing apat na araw ng buwan sa paglubog ng araw ay kakain kayo ng tinapay na walang lebadura, hanggang sa ikadalawang pu't isang araw ng buwan, sa paglubog ng araw.

1905, “Exodo 12:18”, in Ang Dating Biblia:

In the first month you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day.

Sa ikatlong aklat ni Walker (na kapwa nila sinulat ng dalubhasa sa preventive medicine na si Dr. John Parks Trowbridge), ang katas ng bawang din, aniya, ang pinakamahusay na panlaban sa sakit na nakukuha mula sa lebadura (yeast).

1993, Justino Dormiendo, Doon po sa amin, may healer na magaling, page 21:

In the third book of Walker (which was co-written by the preventive medicine expert Dr. John Parks Trowbridge), garlic extract, according to him, is also effective against diseases caused by yeast.


hilabigat

hílabigát (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜎᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


saribuhay

Ipinahayag din na ang pagkasira ng saribuhay ang nagdudulot ng ibayo pang kaligaligan sa lipunan tulad ng nangyayari sa mga Katutubo.

1996, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines, Philippine Social Sciences Review: Rebyu Ng Agham-panlipunan Ng Pilipinas, page 1:

It is also reported that the ruin of biodiversity causes further social unrest like in the case of the Indigenous peoples.


banyuhay

Blend of bago + anyo + buhay. Portmanteau derived from bagong anyo ng buhay (literally “new form of life”).


ᜀᜊ᜔ᜌᜇ᜔

tl-noun

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜌᜇ᜔ • (abyar)


epistemolohiya

epistemolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜁᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish epistemología, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē, “knowledge, science”) + λόγος (lógos, “speech”).


motin

motín (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
mutin (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish motín, from French mutin.


pamimilosopo

tl-noun

pamimilósopó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋᜒᜋᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜓ)

pamimilósopó (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜒᜋᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

From pam- + pilosopo with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


kalyo

Borrowed from Spanish callo, from Latin callum.


karetela

ᜃᜇᜒᜆᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
karitela (alternative)

[kɐ.ɾɛˈt̪ɛː.lɐ]

a roofed two-wheeled, horse-drawn passenger carriage usually with two benches and space for more heavier load


Katolisismo

Katolisismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


epidemya

ᜁᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
epidemia (alternative obsolete)

epidemya ng bulutong


pang-uuyam

[pɐŋ.ʔʊˈʔuː.jɐm]

From pang- + uyam with reduplication of the root uyam.


tiraniya

tiraniya or tirániyá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌ)

tiraniya (canonical)
tirániyá (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
tiranya (alternative)
tirania (alternative)

[t̪ɪ.ɾɐˈn̪iː.ɐ]

[t̪ɪˈɾaː.ɲɐ]

[t̪ɪˈɾaː.n̪jɐ]


antipona

antíponá (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜓᜈ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish antífona, from Medieval Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna, “verse response”). Doublet of antem.


mitsa

Borrowed from Spanish mecha. See also French mèche.


mitsa ng buhay

tl-noun

mitsá ng buhay (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔)

mitsá ng buhay (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

(idiomatic) anything, especially a circumstance, that can cause the death of someone


pasiya

pasiyá (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
pasya (alternative)

From pa- + siya, literally “something to let oneself be contented”.


disenteriya

tl-noun

disenteriya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
disenteria (alternative dated)
disinteria (alternative dated)
disenterya (alternative)
disinterya (alternative)
disinteriya (alternative)

[d̪ɪ.sɛn̪.t̪ɛˈɾiː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish disentería, from Latin dysenteria, from Ancient Greek δυσεντερία (dusentería).


konek

Borrowed from English connect. Doublet of konekta.


albayalde

Borrowed from Spanish albayalde, from Andalusian Arabic البياض (al-bayáḍ), from Arabic بَيَاض (bayāḍ, “whiteness, white lead”).


inog

[ˈʔiː.n̪oɡ̚]


tulisanes

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish tulisanes, plural of tulisán (“highway bandit”), from Tagalog tulisan. Doublet of tulisan.

bor+

...magsasama ng mga tulisanes na makabayan at may damdaming laban sa Espanyol. Iba ang pamumuno ng mga maka-Inang Bayan sa maga napasa-Kanluraning ilustrado.

1997, Education for Life Foundation, Lider pamumunong bayan: karanasan, katanungan, at kinabukasan:


manyika

manyikà (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
manika (alternative common)
munyika (alternative)
munika (alternative)

From Spanish muñeca with an instance of front vowel lowering on the first syllable. See also kamusta~kumusta, paminta~Spanish pimienta. Compare Malay boneka.


lulam

Borrowed from Kapampangan lulam (“dark cloud”), from Proto-Philippine *luləm (“cloud”). Compare lilim and lilom.


kamposanto

tl-noun

kamposanto (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kampusanto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish camposanto, from campo (“field”) + santo (“holy”).


paltak

wooden or bamboo peg (usually sunk into the ground where the rope or tether of an animal is tied when made to graze in the field)

sticks sunk into the ground to mark places where seeds were planted


ikot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *íkut. Compare Malay ikut.

rotation; revolution; turning round and round


ineng

inéng (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
ining (alternative)

Ineng, punta ka dine.


kakanan

kakanán or kakanan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜃᜈᜈ᜔)

kakanán (canonical)
kakanan (canonical)
ᜃᜃᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kakainan (alternative)

Syncopic form of kakainan, from kain (“eating”) + -an with initial reduplication.

place where one will eat (such as the dining room, restaurant, etc.)

object where one will eat (such as a plate, table, feeding trough, etc.)


monggo

monggó or monggo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ)

monggó (canonical)
monggo (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


kasalanan

ᜃᜐᜎᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
casalanan (alternative)

“Kay Miss Angel Locsin, wala ba siyang kasalanan dito? Anong mensahe niyo po sa kanya?” tanong ng reporter kay Jennifer Rosano, anak ni Rolando.

2021, “Tunog sinisi si Angel: JC Cosico pinuna ng mga netizen”, in Reporter:


ditdit

[d̪ɪt̪ˈd̪ɪt̪̚]

playful poking (with the tip of one's finger)


panganan

[pɐˈŋaː.n̪ɐn̪]


mayora

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English mayor with added Spanish -a (feminine suffix).

pseudo-loan

Coordinate term: mayor


arenda

arendá (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
arinda (alternative)

[ʔɐ.ɾɛn̪ˈd̪a]


pirinsa

tl-noun

pirinsa or pirinsá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ)

pirinsa (canonical)
pirinsá (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)


singaw

singáw (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜅᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
sing̃ao (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səŋ(ə)qaw (“vapor, steam”). Compare Ilocano sengngaw, Bikol Central sangaw, Maranao sengaw, Tausug sungaw, and Malay sengau.

inh

leakage of air or gas (as from an airtight container)

(pathology) inflamed sores (on corners of one's lips)

(pathology) skin eruptions (such as rashes, prickly heat, and other skin diseases)

(botany) growth of moss, lichen, fungi, etc.

(figurative) original traits (of the youth, etc.)


singkad

extreme; extreme degree, condition, or state


sinturon

sinturón (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sintron (alternative)


sinsay

deviation; deflection (from the right path or direction)

dropping by at someone's place for a short time on the way to another place


simot

simót (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
saymot (alternative)

condition of being completely consumed (to the last grain, sauce, etc.)

full consumption (without leaving anything)


tsikiting

tl-noun

tsikitíng (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

tsikitíng (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sikiting (alternative)
chikiting (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪ.xɪˈt̪ɪŋ]

[t͡sɪ.xɪˈt̪ɪŋ]

Borrowed from Spanish chiquitín, from chiquito + -ín. By surface analysis, tsikito + -ing.


salab

Guioa koelreuteriana (a species of rainforest tree)


salabid

entangling of one's foot (in a net, vine, wire, twine, etc.)

something that entangles on one's foot (such as a net, vine, wire, twine, etc.)

coiling around on something (of twine, etc.)

(by extension) impediment; obstruction; obstacle


salakab

(fishing) basket-shaped fish trap made of split bamboo, wider at the bottom than the top (usually for catching mudfish in shallow water)

(figurative) act of obtaining facts about something from someone through tricky questions or some kind of ruse


salaginto

salagintô (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Charidotella sexpunctata
Wikispecies:Charidotella sexpunctata

golden tortoise beetle (Charidotella sexpunctata)


salansan

file; orderly arrangement (of papers, cards, etc.)

piling of things in an orderly manner one over the other


tawid

tawíd (canonical)
ᜆᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tauir (alternative)
tawir (alternative)

act of crossing to the other side (street, river, etc.)

act of transporting to cross a river, canal, etc. (for passengers or cargo)

transportation fee to cross a river, canal, etc. (for passengers or cargo)

passing of a critical stage (as of a critically ill patient)

person or object brought from across a river, sea, etc. (not native in the area)

pennants hung from twine strung across streets during fiestas


taway

swing of the arm (as in striking someone with a bolo)


endorso

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English endorse, influenced by Spanish endoso.


putahe

Borrowed from Spanish potaje (“broth”), from French potage.


kahig

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiʀ (“scratch the ground, as a chicken does”).

inh

scratching of a chicken searching for food or preparing for a cockfight


tambak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambak. Compare Javanese ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak, “dyke”), Malay tambak (“embankment”), and Maranao tambak (“rampart”).

heap; pile; mound (of earth, garbage, stones, sand, etc.)

accumulation (as of official papers not acted upon)

act of filling up of a low place (with earth, garbage, stones, sand, etc.)


tubigan

[t̪ʊˈbiː.ɣɐn̪]

From tubig + -an. The game of patintero is called as such, because one informally prepares the playing field via drawing lines on the ground (sand or soil) that look like tiny depressions on the ground reminiscent of irrigated fields on farms.

fertile irrigated land; watery land; paddy; paddy field; rice paddy

a body of water (such as rivers, lakes, seas, water reservoirs, oases, watering holes)


tubigan

[t̪ʊˈbiː.ɣɐn̪]

(playground games) patintero (traditional Filipino children's game)


alibadbad

alibadbád (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜇ᜔ᜊᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
alibarbar (alternative)

Compare Cebuano badbad (“untie; untangle”) and Hiligaynon badbad (“to wind up; to put on a reel”).

cog

(by extension) annoyance; condition of being fed up


elektrisyan

tl-noun

elektrisyan (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔)

ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛ.lɛkˈt̪ɾiː.ʃɐn̪]


kontak

Borrowed from English contact, from Latin contactus, from contingō (“I touch on all sides”), from tangō (“I touch”).

contact (establishment of communication)

contact (someone with whom one is in communication)


sabongera

ᜐᜊᜓᜅᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
sabungera (alternative)

[sɐ.boˈŋɛː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of sabongero: female cockfighter