boto

Borrowed from Spanish voto, from Latin vōtum. Doublet of boda.


sur

Borrowed from Spanish sur, from French sud, from Middle French sud, from Old French su, sud (“south”), a Germanic borrowing, from Old English sūþ (“south”).

At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!

1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:


bubo

alternative form of bobo (“fool, idiot”)


bubo

From Proto-Philippine *bubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubu, from Proto-Austronesian *bubu₂. Cognate with Amis fofo, Ilocano bobo, Cebuano bubu, Malagasy vovo, Malay bubu, Bilba bufu, Buli (Indonesia) pup, and Pohnpeian uu.


bubo

act of frightening and driving away a flock of birds

sudden flight of birds (after being frightened and driven away)


bubo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqbuq (“pour”). Cognate with Kapampangan bubu, Cebuano bubu, and Javanese ꦧꦸꦧꦸꦃ (bubuh, “put in by accident”).


bubalo

Borrowed from Spanish búbalo, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos, “antelope, wild ox”). Doublet of bupalo.


buko

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Compare Bikol Central buko, Cebuano buko and Malay buku.

(anatomy) knuckle; joint (of one's finger or toe)

(anatomy, colloquial) protuberance of the ankle bone

finding of one's fault to disappoint another


bulo

bulô (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
bolo (alternative)
bol-o (alternative)
bol o (alternative)
bul-o (alternative)

Compare Kapampangan bulu and Remontado Agta bul-u.

calf of cattle (such as cows, carabaos, etc.)


bulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulu (“body hair; fur; feather”). Compare Javanese ꦮꦸꦭꦸ (wulu) and Malay bulu. For the figurative sense, compare Spanish pelo (“hair; filament; little importance”).

ncog

silky floss or hair covering (on leaves, fruits, stem of plants, etc.)

fine hairy growth (on wings of butterflies, bodies of some worms, etc.)

(figurative, obsolete) small amount of value, worth, importance


burat

burát (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
borat (alternative)

act of folding the foreskin to expose the glans

(slang, colloquial, vulgar, offensive) annoyance


titi

titì (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
tite (alternative colloquial)

[ˈt̪iː.t̪ɪʔ]

[ˈt̪iː.t̪ɛʔ]

Compare Indonesian titit (“penis”), Cebuano tintin (“penis”), Sundanese titit, and Hokkien 弟弟 (tî-tî, “penis”).


titi

[ˈt̪iː.t̪ɪʔ]

Compare Hiligaynon titi (“to drain completely”). See also Hokkien 滴 (tih, “drip; drop of liquid”).

act or manner of allowing to drip continuously (in order to drain or empty liquid in something)


titi

Compare Cebuano titi (“baby bottle”), Hiligaynon titi (“nipple; feeding bottle”), and Malay tetek (“breast; breastfeeding”).


mufti

Borrowed from Arabic مُفْتِي (muftī, “fatwa-deliverer”, literally “deliverer of formal opinion”).


sharia

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, literally “path, way”), possibly via Spanish sharia or English sharia.


pastel

pastél (canonical)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
pastil (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish pastel, from Old French pastel, from Italian pastello, from Medieval Latin pastellum, from Latin pasta, ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē).

(letterpress typography) pi (metal type that has been spilled)

pastel (Filipino stew made with vegetables, sausages, and chicken or other meat in a creamy sauce)


problema

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
poblema (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish problema (“problem; trouble”), from Latin problēma, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma, “obstacle”).


nasa

nasà (canonical)
ᜈᜐ (Baybayin)
asa (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लालसा (lālasā, “desire”).


istante

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of estante.


postmaster

tl-noun

postmaster (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
posmaster (alternative)


sermon

sermón or sermon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔)

sermón (canonical)
sermon (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sermón, from Latin sermōnem.

(colloquial) long scolding (especially by a parent or superior)


kamao

kamaó (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜂ (Baybayin)
camaoo (alternative)
kamaoo (alternative uncommon)

From earlier variant kamaoo, from Proto-Central Philippine *kamaʔuʔu (“back of the hand”). Compare Kapampangan kamau (“hand”), Hanunoo kamaoo (“back of the hand”), Bikol Central kamaoo (“fist; knuckle”), Hiligaynon kamomoo (“thumb”), and Mansaka kamao (“back of the hand; fist”). See also Cebuano kumo (“fist”).


unan

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐn̪]

From ulunan with elision of /l/, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulun-an (“place where one rests the head: wooden headrest”). Compare Ilongot unan, Kapampangan ulnan, Bikol Central ulunan, Cebuano unlan, Hiligaynon ulunan, Waray-Waray ulunan, Maranao olonan, Higaonon uluna, Tausug ūan, and Malagasy ondana.

inh

Mayroon ka pang isang unan?


sereno

[sɛˈɾɛː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish sereno, from Latin serēnus (“calm”).


umido

úmidó (canonical)
ᜂᜋᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
umedo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish húmedo, from Latin hūmidus, variant of ūmidus.


ya

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜌ (ya).

the name of the Latin-script letter Y/y, in the Abakada alphabet


metodo

Borrowed from Spanish método, from Latin methodus, from Ancient Greek μέθοδος (méthodos).

method (process by which a task is completed)

(music) method (textbook for a specified musical instrument)


lumo

lumó (canonical)
lumò (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

extreme weakness of the body and grief (due to a tragedy)

feeling of depression and deep sympathy for someone's misfortune


haka

hakà (canonical)
ᜑᜃ (Baybayin)
haca (alternative)


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā), instrumental singular of वाच् (vā́c, “speech, voice”). Doublet of boses.


ronda

night patrol (such as by a fire brigade)


poka

Borrowed from Spanish foca (“seal”), from Latin phōca, from Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē, “seal, sea dog”).


loko

tl-noun

loko (feminine loka, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜃᜓ)

loka (feminine)
ᜎᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
luko (alternative)
loco (alternative)


loko

ᜎᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
luko (alternative)
loco (alternative)

covering of one's face up to the forehead and the ears


loko

lokó (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
luko (alternative)
loco (alternative)

puddle in holes on the road (usually due to rain)

a type of container (similar to the balaong)


multa

fine (a fee levied as punishment for breaking the law)


warden

Borrowed from English warden, from Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder, variant of Old French guarder, from Proto-Germanic *ward-.


plano

Borrowed from Spanish plano, from Latin plānus. Doublet of liyano and yano. See also Spanish plan.


luno

molting; shedding or casting (of skin, scales, etc.)

molten state of certain animals (such as crabs, shrimps, snakes, etc.)

(by extension) softness or physical weakness of the body


elle

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish elle, the Spanish name of the letter LL /ll.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter LL/ll, in the Abecedario


minuto

Borrowed from Spanish minuto, from Latin minūtus. Doublet of menu and menudo.

Isang oras at dalawampung minuto ang biyahe sa eroplano mula Maynila hanggang Tacloban.

2015, Joi Barrios, Intermediate Tagalog: Learn to Speak Fluent Tagalog (Filipino), the National Language of the Philippines (Downloadable material included), Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN, page 103:

The airplane trip from Manila to Tacloban lasts one hour and twenty minutes.


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno mahís.


disko

Borrowed from English disco, clipping of discotheque, from French discothèque.


disko

Borrowed from Spanish disco, from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos).


adres

adres or adrés (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

adres (canonical)
adrés (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English address. Doublet of adereso.

address (description of location of a property)


albumen

Borrowed from Spanish albumen, from Latin albūmen. Doublet of albumina.


haha

name of the Baybayin letter ᜑ, corresponding to "ha"


poste

poste ng koryente

poste ng ilaw


poster

poster (picture intended to be attached to a wall)

poster (advertisement to be posted on a post, wall, etc.)


karate

[kɐˈɾaː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish karate or English karate, from Japanese 空手(からて) (karate), from 唐手(からて) (karate), from Okinawan 唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī).

ryu-r

唐手(とーでぃー) (tōdī)


peninsula

penínsulá (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish península, from Latin paenīnsula.


iwan

From Proto-Central-Philippine *áyaw (“to leave, redistribute”) + -an (ayawan → aywan → ewan → iwan). Cognates with Mansaka ayaw (“to leave”) and Cebuano ayaw (“to cry (as a child) when left behind”). See also ayaw. Doublet of aywan. An alternate etymology from Panganiban (1973) posits it theoretically to be from iwi (“taking care of a domestic animal in behalf of the owner”) + -an.
Attested in the Doctrina Christiana as œvan, written in Baybayin as ᜁᜏ (iwa), most likely reflecting ewan or eywan. In the book, the ⟨œ⟩ character (possibly an ⟨æ⟩ character) was sometimes written in Baybayin as ᜀ (a). Hence, the word can also reflect aywan.


tuli

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *turiq (cf. Hanunoo turi, Bikol Central turi, Cebuano tuli, Hiligaynon tuli, Maranao tori', Malay toreh). Also possibly related to Katuri, a little settlement on the river just opposite Cotabato where circumcision ceremonies were held in Maguindanao.


kalis

ᜃᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
calis (alternative)
cris (alternative)

→ English: kalis

Borrowed from Malay keris, from Javanese ꦏꦼꦫꦶꦱ꧀ (keris) from Old Javanese kĕris, kris

kalis, a martial art weapon or a sword derived from the kris


yarda

Borrowed from Spanish yarda, from English yard.

manner in which something was measured in yards


yate

Borrowed from Spanish yate (“yacht”), from English yacht, from Dutch jacht.


suerte

Superseded, pre-1977 spelling of suwerte.


oso

tl-noun

oso (feminine osa, Baybayin spelling ᜂᜐᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish oso, from Old Spanish osso, from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos.


yema

Borrowed from Spanish yema, from Old Spanish yema, from Latin gemma. Compare Cebuano yema /yemas.

a sweet custard candy ball or pyramid made with egg yolks, condensed milk, sugar or butter, and other additional ingredients, dipped in a sweet syrup and usually wrapped in cellophane


yeso

Borrowed from Spanish yeso (“gypsum”), from Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos).


yoyo

yoyò (canonical)
ᜌᜓᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
yuyo (alternative)

Borrowed from English yo-yo, a genericized trademark, possibly from Ilocano yoyo.


bartender

tl-noun

bártendér or bárténder (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔)

bártendér (canonical)
bárténder (canonical)
ᜊᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌbaɾ.t̪ɛn̪ˈd̪ɛɾ]

[ˌbaɾˈt̪ɛn̪.d̪ɛɾ]


abadesa

[ʔɐ.bɐˈd̪ɛː.sɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abadesa, from Old Spanish abbadesa, from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbatissa, from Latin abbas (“abbot”).


primo

Borrowed from Spanish primo, from Latin (cōnsobrīnus) prīmus.


pesante

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English peasant, influenced by Spanish -ante. Doublet of paisano.


parte

parté (canonical)
ᜉᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
parti (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish parte, from Old Spanish parte (“part”), from Latin partem. Doublet of part.

part; bit; portion; section; particular location in a certain place

share; portion; piece; slice; cut; part of a division

(theater, film) role; stint; part (in a theatrical play, drama, or film shoot)


gaga

Borrowed from Spanish gaga, feminine form of gago.


gaga

Compare Malay gagah (“compulsive force; dominant; masterful; strong”).

cog

usurpation; unlawful seizure (of power, rights, property, etc.)

rape (use of force to submit to a sexual act)

gag (something thrust into the mouth to restrain speech)


gaga

name of the Baybayin letter ᜄ, corresponding to "ga"


gusto

tl-noun

gustó or gusto (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

gustó (canonical)
gusto (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish gusto, from Latin gustus.

Ang gusto ko ay sorbetes.


bikini

Borrowed from English bikini, from bikini, from Bikini, from German Bikini, the colonial name of the atoll as part of German New Guinea, from Marshallese Pikinni.


asap

asáp (canonical)
asap (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
hasap (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay asap (“smoke”), probably from merging of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asəp (“incense, ritual smoke”) and *qasəb (“smoke”).


Juan

Borrowed from Spanish Juan. As a common noun, either above or as a shortening of Juan dela Cruz.


dita

Alstonia scholaris
Alstonia scholaris#Translingual


dita

[ˈd̪iː.t̪ɐʔ]


ka

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).

the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abecedario


baka

Borrowed from Spanish vaca (“cow”), from Latin vacca.


baka

declaration of war (against another nation)

campaign against something wrong or immoral


simbolo

Borrowed from Spanish símbolo, from Latin symbolum, from Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon).


abakus

Borrowed from English abacus, from Latin abacus. Doublet of abako.


abogada

Borrowed from Spanish abogada (“female lawyer”).

bor+

female equivalent of abogado: female lawyer


poso

Borrowed from Spanish pozo (“well”), from Old Spanish poço, from Latin puteus.

water pump, usually for dispensing water for household use


ama

From Proto-Austronesian *amax. Compare Bikol Central ama, Cebuano ama, Fijian tama, Higaonon amay, Hiligaynon amay, Ibanag yama, Maranao ama', Malay rama, Saaroa ama'a, Taivoan ama', and Yami ama.


ama

Borrowed from Spanish ama, from Old Spanish ama, from Late Latin amma.


ama

amá (canonical)
ᜀᜋ (Baybayin)
ahma (alternative)
amma (alternative)
amah (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿媽 /阿妈 (a-má, “paternal grandmother”). See also Hokkien 俺媽 /俺妈 (án-má), Portuguese Templo de A-Má.

Coordinate term: angkong

Mestisang Tsina naman si Nanay. Negosyante sina Ama at Angkong ko. Purong Tsino si Angkong. Lumikas mula sa Macao ang pamilya nila at dito sa Pilipinas nagtayo ng isang maliit na tindahan hanggang sa lumago ito at naging isang grocery.

2006, Christine S. Bellen, “Trese”, in Carla M. Pacis, Eugene Y. Evasco, editors, Bagets: an anthology of Filipino young adult fiction, UP Press, page 11:

Mom is a Chinese mestiza. My grandmother and grandfather are businesspeople. Grandpa is a pure Chinese. Their family evacuated from Macau and it was here in the Philippines where they started a small store until it flourished and became a grocery.

Sa Pilipinas na napangasawa ni Angkong si Ama. Pilipina ang nanay ni Ama pero sila ang mas mahigpit sa mga pamahiing Tsino.

It was in the Philippines already where Grandpa married Grandma. Grandma's mother is a Filipina but they are the ones who are stricter in Chinese superstitions.

term of address for one's paternal grandmother


ringgit

[ˈɾiŋ.ɡɪt̪̚]


pingas

nick; notch; indentation in the edge of a plate, glass, etc. (as a result of breakage)


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.
Compare Japanese 目(め) (me, “eye”) / 眼(め) (me, “eye”) + 戸(と) (to, “door”) = 窓(まど) (mado, “window”).

Japanese language
Proto-Austronesian language
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language
Proto-Philippine language


sable

Borrowed from Spanish sable, from French sabre, from German Säbel, ultimately from Hungarian szablya.


pedal

pedál (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
pidal (alternative)


andas

Borrowed from Spanish andas, plural of anda, from Latin amitem.

stand or leveled surface for statues (as of saints, etc.)


arte

→ Tausug: arti

Borrowed from Spanish arte (“art”), from Latin ars (“practical skill”).

(colloquial) behavior prone to exaggerated reactions (of disgust, pain, or dislike)

(colloquial) nitpickiness; finickiness; choosiness


nosebleed

tl-noun

nosebleed (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜈᜓᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English nosebleed, via Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

Nosebleed ang pagmememoriya ng sangkatutak na mga formula sa isang gabi.

Memorizing a whole bunch of formulas in one night is a nosebleed.

(colloquial, figurative) a mental overload (usually attained as a result of having to comprehend new and/or complex concepts or languages that one is not particularly skilled with)


dating

datíng (canonical)
ᜇᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
rating (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datəŋ. Cognate with Ilocano dateng (“arrival”), Bikol Central datong (“to arrive”), and Malay datang (“to come”).

Kailan po ang dating ninyo?

Walang dating ang pelikulang ito.

Malakas ang dating niya.

(colloquial) impact; effect; appeal (power to attract or interest)


oregano

oréganó (canonical)
ᜂᜇᜒᜄᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
origano (alternative)

[ʔoˌɾɛː.ɣɐˈn̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish orégano, from Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὀρῑ́γᾰνον (orī́gănon).


papel

papél (canonical)
ᜉᜉᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
papil (alternative dated)

Ano ang papel mo sa lipunan?


sabana

Borrowed from Spanish sabana (“savanna”), from Cariban / Taíno.


jota

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish jota, the Spanish name of the letter J /j, from Latin iota, from Ancient Greek ἰῶτα (iôta, “iota”).

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter J/j, in the Abecedario


jota

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish jota, from older xota, from Mozarabic *šáwta (“jump”), from Latin saltō (“to dance”). Doublet of salta.


mani

Borrowed from Spanish maní (“peanut”), from Taíno.


boba

female equivalent of bobo: stupid woman; foolish woman


tol

Clipping of utol, itself a clipping from kaputol.

Coordinate term: mare

Musta na, tol?


norte

Borrowed from Spanish norte, from French nord, from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


oeste

ᜂᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
oweste (alternative)
weste (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish oeste (“west”), from French ouest, from Middle French ouest, from Old French ouest or west, from Old English west.


siglo

ika-21 siglo


esposa

tl-noun

esposa (masculine esposo, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜐ)

Borrowed from Spanish esposa. Doublet of posas.

At ang caniyang esposa yaong mariquit, na reina, ang pangala't bansag niya ay si doña Valeriana.

And his wife, yonder beautiful queen, the name given to her is Doña Valeriana.


esposo

esposo (feminine esposa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜓ)


palo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palu, from Proto-Austronesian *palu (cf. Malay palu (“hammer”)). Some writers (e.g. English 1985) treat this as a borrowing from Spanish palo (“stick, cudgel”), but it is most likely a chance resemblance.

stroke with the hand or a stick, usually as punishment; spank


ñu

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish ñu, from German Gnu, from Khoekhoe !nu:, possibly via Dutch gnoe, likely onomatopoeic of the grunt-type noise of the gnu.


kota

ᜃᜓᜆ (Baybayin)
kuwota (alternative)
kuta (alternative)


bula

Derivation unknown. Possibly either from the following:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *budaq
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bujəq, from Proto-Austronesian *bujəq,
* Borrowed from Spanish bula (“bubble”). The word burbuja has since displaced bula (“bubble”) in Spanish, then the old meaning could have remained in Tagalog if borrowed.

foaming saliva caused by disease or great excitement


bula

Possibly from Malay bolak (“prevarication”). Alternatively, possibly from Hokkien 誣賴 /诬赖 (bû-lōa, “to falsely incriminate”), according to Manuel (1948). Compare Iban bula.


bula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulah, from Proto-Austronesian *buləS (“Shorea albus”).


bula

Borrowed from Spanish bula (“bull”), from Medieval Latin bulla (“seal, sealed document; bull”), from Latin bulla (“bubble, rounded object”). Doublet of bola.


blotter

Unadapted borrowing from English blotter.


morena

tl-noun

morena (masculine moreno, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜈ)

[moˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

female Filipino beauty standard, typically described as a beautiful young woman with physical traits native or indigenous to the Philippines


moreno

moreno (feminine morena, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜈᜓ)

a male Filipino beauty standard, typically described as a handsome young man with physical traits native or indigenous to the Philippines


kanin

From Proto-Southern-Philippine *kaʔən-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən-ən (“be eaten by someone; cooked rice”). Equivalent to the syncopic form of kainin (“thing to be eaten”), from kain. Compare Yami kanen, Ilocano kanen, Kapampangan kanan, Bikol Central kaonon, Cebuano kan-on, Hiligaynon kan-on, Tausug kaunun, and Paiwan kanen.


talang

(obsolete) a weak throw upwards, especially to small rocks


taal

Moluccan ironwood, a species of tree (Intsia bijuga)


panis

From Proto-Philippine *panúqus. Compare Ilocano panuos, Cebuano pan-os, and Maranao panos.

process of rotting of food; spoilage; putrefaction


gitara

[ɡɪˈt̪aː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish guitarra, from Old Spanish guitarra, borrowed from Arabic قِيثَارَة (qīṯāra), borrowed from Aramaic קיתרא, borrowed from Ancient Greek κῐθᾰ́ρᾱ (kĭthắrā). Doublet of sitara.


lipa

Dendrocnide meyeniana (a species of nettle-like plant)


lipa

Borrowed from Malay lepa, from Sanskrit लेप (lepa, “plaster”).

asphalt-like soil used to harden the ground floor of houses on stilts


lipa

dizziness while walking (leading to stumbles)


sili

Borrowed from Spanish chili, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.


sili

winnowing to separate husked rice from the unhusked rice (on a basket tray)


tanga

Either from the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *taŋa (“to gape stupidly, gawk”), from Proto-Austronesian *taŋa (“to open wide”).
* From Proto-Philippine *taŋah (“stupid, silly, ignorant”).
Compare Ilocano tanga, Aklanon tanga, Cebuano tanga, Maranao tanga', and Tausug tanga'.

inh

Hoy, tanga!

(offensive, vulgar) idiot; stupid person; fool

act of gazing absentmindedly (at something)

(by extension) act of wasting one's time by gazing absentmindedly (at something)


tanga

Borrowed from Hokkien 蟲仔 /虫仔 (thâng-á, “little vermin; insect; bug”). Compare Bikol Central tanga and Cebuano tanga.

bor+

potato worm; weevil (the presence of which is with a certain peculiar taste or odor)


tanga

act of extending the neck to see something


duro

act of pricking something with a pin (or another pointed instrument)

poking with one's finger (especially with condescension)

(figurative) condescension toward someone (especially accompanied by finger-pointing)


ruta

Borrowed from Spanish ruta, from French route, from Latin via rupta.


tangi

(Southern Tagalog, in general) any kind of first-class rice


mutha

muthâ (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜆ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)
motha (alternative)
muta (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit मुस्तक (mustaka, “nutgrass”). Compare Hindi नागरमोथा (nāgarmothā, “nutgrass”). Compare Malay mutah.

Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotundus#Translingual


dato

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Compare Maranao dato', Fijian ratu, Javanese ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu), and Malay datu /datuk. Doublet of datu.


boda

ᜊᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
bura (alternative Batangas dialectal)

Borrowed from Spanish boda, from Latin vōta (“vows”), plural of vōtum. Doublet of boto.


opis

Borrowed from English office, from Middle English office, from Old French office, from Latin officium, contracted from opificium. Doublet of opisyo.

office (room(s) or building used for non-manual work)


a

Borrowed from Spanish a. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English a.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜀ (a).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish a.

the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abecedario


Dr.

tl-noun

Dr. (feminine Dra., Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

(medicine, sciences) abbreviation of Doktor


I

Nahaan si I Talina?


Ka

Ka (canonical)
Kâ (canonical)
ᜃ (Baybayin)
Ca (alternative)

From clipping of kaka (“elder sibling; elder”).

clipping

Ka Pedro

Ka Maria

term of address for elders and distant uncles or aunts


Ka

From clipping of kapatid (“sibling; brother; sister”).

Ka Felix

Iglesia ni Cristo
Iglesia ni Cristo#English

term of address used by members of Iglesia ni Cristo to refer to other Church members


Ka

From clipping of kasama (“companion; comrade”).

Ka Amado

non-hierarchical term of address, used in socialist and communist circles: comrade


Latin

(colloquial) any incomprehensible language


Latino

tl-noun

Latino (feminine Latina, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜆᜒᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish latino, from Latin Latīnus. Doublet of ladino.

Latin (person whose native tongue is one descended from Latin)

(historical) Latin (person native to ancient Rome or its Empire)

(historical) Latin (member of an Italic tribe)


Malaya

Borrowed from Spanish malaya, from Malay Melayu.

female equivalent of Malayo: female Malay (person)


Martes

Martés (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Mart. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish martes, from Latin diēs Mārtis (“day of Mars”).

days of the week: mga araw ng linggo: Linggo · Lunes · Martes · Miyerkoles · Huwebes · Biyernes · Sabado [edit]


Metro

Borrowed from English metro, from French métro, short for métropole, from Latin mētropolis, ultimately from Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “mother city”).


Moro

Borrowed from Spanish moro (“Moor”), from Latin Maurus, from Ancient Greek Μαυρούσιος (Mauroúsios, “Mauretanian”).

term used by the Spanish to refer to Muslims in the Philippines (especially southern Philippines)


Negro

tl-noun

Negro (feminine Negra, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ)

those of African descent with sub-Saharan origin, especially black Africans or African-Americans


PK

Initialism of pang-alis kati (literally “itch remover”).


Padre

Padre Damaso

Father (term of address for a Christian priest)


Pan

From Kapampangan, according to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala by Fr. Noceda & San Lucar.

Pan Miguel

Pan Maria


papaw

Anas luzonica
Anas luzonica#Translingual


Pastor

tl-noun

Pastór (feminine Pastora, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

Pastór (canonical)
Pastora (feminine)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Pastor, from pastor.

Pastor Peter

(Protestantism) honorific used before the name of a male Christian Protestant pastor; Pastor


San

San (feminine Santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish San, an apocopic form of Santo.

title used with the name of the male saints aside from Tomas, Tome, Domingo, and Toribio: Saint; St.


poon

poón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
puon (alternative)
puhon (alternative)

Possibly from either of the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *puqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun. Compare Ilocano puon (“tree; source”), Kapampangan pun (“tree; leader”), Bikol Central puon (“tree; leader”), Western Subanon poon (“leader”), and its possible metathesis and doublet puno (“tree; leader”). The derived terms involving familial ties may also possibly be related to the meaning “tree; source”. See also puhunan.
* From contraction of panginoon.


mali

Compare Malay mali (“Leea indica”) and Malay mali-mali (“Leea angulata”).


cu

Borrowed from Spanish cu, the Spanish name of the letter Q /q.

the name of the Latin-script letter Q/q, in the Abecedario


usa

usá (canonical)
ᜂᜐ (Baybayin)
osa (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa (cf. Dupaningan Agta ogsa, Eastern Bontoc ogsa, Ilocano ugsa, Malay rusa, Mansaka osa, Toba Batak ursa, Yogad utta). Also possibly from Sanskrit ऋश्य (ṛśya, “antelope”), via Malay rusa.


korea

ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
koreya (alternative)
kurea (alternative)
kurya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish correa, from Latin corrigia (“shoelace”).

belt (strap or band in a machine used to transfer power or motion)

rope in the pulley of a sewing machine and other machines; machine belting


adonis

[ʔɐˈd̪oː.n̪ɪs]

Borrowed from Spanish adonis. See more at Adonis.


hilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilu (“poison”).


trinidad

trinidád (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
Trinidad (alternative common)

[t̪ɾɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish trinidad, from Latin trinitās.


bali

Compare Bikol Central bari, Cebuano bali, and Hiligaynon bali.

break of an elongated object (such as pencils, sticks, etc.)


bali

medium-sized granary basket made of woven bamboo splits


paki

pakí (canonical)
ᜉᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
pake (alternative)
paqui (alternative)

Ano'ng paki mo?


prend

Borrowed from English friend, from Middle English frend, freend, from Old English frēond.

Hoy prend! Kumusta?


sinamay

coarse abaca fabric used for lining and stiffening clothes (especially women's skirts)


oleo

óleó (canonical)
ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
olyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish óleo, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”).


badminton

tl-noun

bádmintón or badmintón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

bádmintón (canonical)
badmintón (canonical)
ᜊᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


preso

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
piriso (alternative)
priso (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish preso, from Vulgar Latin prēnsus, from Latin prehēnsus.


Lunes

ᜎᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Lun. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish lunes (“Monday”), from Latin dīēs Lūnae (“day of the Moon”).


tupi

From Proto-Philippine *tupiq. Compare lupi and yupi.


ipa

chaff of rice grain (obtained by pounding)


chola

chola (masculine cholo, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ)

cholo (masculine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
cholla (alternative)

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish chola, feminine of cholo. Possibly popularized via social media from Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories where cholos were featured. Also said to be a play of English so + landi (“flirt”), as in cho landi (“so flirtatious”).

female hipster, street gang member, or somebody with similar characteristics


linggo

linggó (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
lingo (alternative)
dingo (alternative)
dinggo (alternative obsolete)

(obsolete) attendance of a mass (every Sunday)


nais

Ang nais ko ay ang pag-ibig mo.


planeta

[plɐˈn̪ɛː.t̪ɐ]

Paano naglalakbay ang mga planeta sa kalawakan?

1998, Batayang Heograpiya, Goodwill Trading Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 9:


taas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Aklanon taas, Cebuano taas, Hiligaynon taas, Maranao tas, Tondano natas, Ivatan tohos and Malay atas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

height (distance from the base of something to the top)

height; stature (of a standing person, animal, etc.)

(figurative) aloftness; highness (of a person when dealing with others)

Nasa taas pa siya.


barker

public transportation
public transportation

barker that calls out passengers at a public transportation terminal


nene

nenè (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
nini (alternative)

[ˈn̪ɛː.n̪ɛʔ]

Possibly a native word or borrowed from Spanish nene (“young child; kid; kiddo; baby; babe”). See also Japanese ねんね (nenne, “childish person (esp. a young woman); baby”).

ncog

(endearing) appellation for a little girl


emir

Borrowed from Spanish emir (“emir”), from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr).


hadith

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “prophetic tradition”).


hijab

hijáb (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
hidyab (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic حِجَاب (ḥijāb, “veil”).


iftar

Borrowed from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “breaking of fasting”).


shahada

ᜐ᜔ᜌᜑᜇ (Baybayin)
shahadah (alternative)
shahaadah (alternative)
syahada (alternative)

[ʃɐˈhaː.d̪ɐ]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda, “witnessing”).


masjid

masjíd (canonical)
ᜋᜐ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
masgid (alternative uncommon)

[mɐsˈd͡ʒɪd̪̚]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid). Doublet of mansigit and meskita.


adhan

adhán (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
azan (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).


salat

running of one's hand or fingers lightly over a surface (as in searching for something)

(figurative) personal opinion or judgement (on someone's ability, character, etc.)


sira

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siraq (“to split open”). Compare Kapampangan sira. Possibly also from Sanskrit छिद्र (chidra, “hole, opening, defect, flaw”). Compare Malay cedera.


suhur

suhúr (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜑᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
suhoor (alternative)

suhur (predawn meal before Islamic fasting)


tawhid

tawhíd (canonical)
ᜆᜏ᜔ᜑᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tawheed (alternative)

[t̪aʊ̯ˈhɪd̪̚]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic تَوْحِيد (tawḥīd).

ubor

tawhid (central Islamic doctrine of God's divine unity)


ummah

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic أُمَّة (ʔumma), possibly via English ummah.


zakat

zakát (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
zakah (alternative)
zakaah (alternative)

zakat (almsgiving in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property, which is used for charitable purposes)


GI

[ˈd͡ʒɪ ʔaɪ̯]

[ˈd̪jɪ ʔaɪ̯]

Initialism originally from English GI (nickname for U.S. military personnel, literally “general issue; government issue”). The words to the initialism was later jokingly perceived as "Genuine Intsik", from English genuine + Tagalog Intsik (“Chinese”). See also Hokkien 正咱人 (chiàⁿ lán-nâng, “true Chinese; proper Chinese; straight Chinese; authentic Chinese; pure Chinese”).

ncog

Ang lalim ng Chinese (vocabulary) ng GI na nakilala ko, at di kami nagkaintindihan kahit sabay kaming gumagamit ng Mandarin.

The Chinese (vocabulary), used by the GI I met, was quite deep, and we couldn't understand each other even though we were both using Mandarin.

initialism of Genuine Intsik (Chinese) (any ethnic Chinese person in the Philippines described to be profoundly Chinese in behavior, speech, demeanor, or likeness, especially those born and raised in China or Taiwan.)


amante

Borrowed from Spanish amante, from Latin amantem.

lover (one who loves another person); sweetheart


amas

From Malay emas (“a masha of gold”), from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “bean, the weight of a bean's size of gold”).

der

a weight of gold that is 1/16th of a tael, approximately 2.5 grams


haya

sheaf of cut stalks of grain laid temporarily on the ground after harvesting


domino

tl-noun

dominó or dóminó (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜓ)

dominó (canonical)
dóminó (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish dominó, from French domino, from Medieval Latin domino, oblique case of dominus (“lord, master”).

a kind of cloak with wide sleeves, hood, and mask (worn at masquerades)


binibini

ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜊᜒᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
Binibini (alternative)
Bb. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Brunei Malay bini-bini (“woman”). Compare Cebuano binibini, Old Cebuano beni beni, and Malay bini.

bor+

Bigay sa akin ng isang binibini doon.


talon

Compare Malay terjun (“to dive, to jump from a high place”) and Malay turun (“descend; fall”).

cog

(gambling) a kind of bet in the game sakla


talon

Borrowed from Spanish talón (“heel; check”), from Latin talo, from talus (“ankle; heel”).

bor+

stub (of a check, receipt, voucher, etc.)


leon

león (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
liyon (alternative)
leyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish león, from Latin leōnem, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of Semitic origin. Doublet of Leo.


malware

Unadapted borrowing from English malware. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

(computing) malware (software developed to harm a computer system)


iho

tl-noun

iho (feminine iha, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish hijo (“son”), from Old Spanish fijo, from Latin filius.

(endearing) term of endearment for a boy by an older person


iki

(folklore) nocturnal, winged creature of a batlike appearance with a long thread-like sucker tongue (said to suck blood from the soles of the feet of women in childbirth)


saat

hook-like projection attached at one end of a pole, used for pulling or hooking something

barb (as of a hook, harpoon, arrow, etc.)


lundo

lundô (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
lundoy (alternative)

condition of being slack (of tightropes, etc.)


sabat

design interwoven crosswise on mats, fabrics, cloth, and the like


sabat

Compare Cebuano sabat and Hiligaynon sabat.

butting in; meddling (into someone talking in a conversation)

sudden interruption or cutting across someone's way

small wooden or metal pin, bar, or stick (used as a bolt for securing joints, gates, doors, windows, etc.)

dowel; peg or a piece of wood, etc., to fit into a corresponding hole on another piece of wood


arpa

arpa (canonical)
arpá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)
alpa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish arpa (“harp”), from Late Latin harpa.


tae

ᜆᜁ (Baybayin)
tai (alternative uncommon)
tay (alternative)
taye (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Compare Ilocano takki, Malagasy tay, Malay tahi, Palauan dach, and Samoan tae.

(vulgar, offensive) shit; objectionable person


lato

lató (canonical)
latô (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *latuq (“edible seaweed sp.”). Compare Cebuano lato, Waray-Waray lato, and Malay latuh.

inh+

Caulerpa lentillifera
Wikispecies:Caulerpa lentillifera

Caulerpa racemosa
Wikispecies:Caulerpa racemosa

sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera or Caulerpa racemosa)


pimpin

pimpín (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pinpin (alternative)


bote

Clipping of botelya, from Spanish botella, from French bouteille, from Late Latin butticula. See also botiha.


bote

Borrowed from Spanish bote, from Middle English bot, from Old English bāt (“boat”).


talas

perceptiveness; keenness; sharpness (of one's sight, hearing, etc.)


talas

cutting off of palm leaves from the palm rib, fronds from the palm leaf, or thorns or small twigs from a branch


bodega

→ Tausug: buriga

[boˈd̪ɛː.ɣɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish bodega, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “storehouse”). Compare Tausug buriga. Doublet of botika.


poder

podér (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
puder (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish poder, from Vulgar Latin potēre.


apina

act of tuning up (such as musical instruments, motors, etc.)


lagom

gathering of things together; collection


ef

Borrowed from English ef, the English name of the letter F /f.

the name of the Latin-script letter F/f, in the Filipino alphabet


kaon

act of fetching someone (from a certain place)


aktor

Borrowed from Spanish actor, from Latin āctor.


pawl

ᜉᜏ᜔ᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
paul (alternative dated)

Borrowed from English foul, from Middle English foulen, fulen, from Old English fūlian.


kato

katô (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
cato (alternative)

blood-sucking mite or tick that commonly infects animals like horses or cows

(figurative) spurt of mischief or naughtiness


puta

ᜉᜓᜆ (Baybayin)
depota (alternative)
shuta (alternative)
fucha (alternative)
pucha (alternative)
putsa (alternative)
putik (alternative)
putek (alternative)
putris (alternative)
putragis (alternative)
putspa (alternative)
pota (alternative colloquial)

(derogatory, vulgar) term of abuse: bitch


miso

Borrowed from Japanese 味噌(みそ) (miso). Manuel (1948) surmises Hokkien though. Compare Taiwanese Hokkien 味噌 (mí-soh) which is also from Japanese. See also Taiwanese Hokkien 味素 (bī-sò͘, “monosodium glutamate”).

ncog

miso (usually for thickening soups and sauces or mixed with sinigang or pesa)


pitsa

tl-noun

pitsa or pitsá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ)

pitsa (canonical)
pitsá (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ficha, from French fiche.

(games, gambling) chip (token used in gambling)


pitsa

ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
pizza (alternative)
picha (alternative colloquial)
pisa (alternative colloquial dated)

Borrowed from English pizza, from Neapolitan pizza (1590), the Neapolitan dialectal form of Byzantine Greek πίτα (píta, “cake, pie”).


tagal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tagal (“duration of time, time period”). Compare Brunei Malay setagal.

inh

Sa tagal niyon, hindi na tayo makakakain!

Because of how long he's taking, we're never gonna eat anything!


sesenta

ᜐᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
sisenta (alternative)


setenta

ᜐᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
sitenta (alternative)

[sɛˈt̪ɛn̪.t̪ɐ]


bigote

[bɪˈɣoː.t̪ɛ]

Mahaba ang kanyang bigote.


iri

irí (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
yri (alternative)

push (act of tensing the muscles of the abdomen in order to expel its contents such as when giving childbirth or defecating)


iri

irî (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
yri (alternative)


iri

irì (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
yri (alternative)


koro

Borrowed from Spanish coro, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós).

choir; chorus (group of singers performing together)

(music) chorus (part of a song repeated between verses)

(architecture) choir (part of a church for choir assembly)


damit

damít (canonical)
ᜇᜋᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
ramit (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *damít (“cloth; clothing”). Compare Ivatan lamit, Hanunoo ramit, Asi yamit, Masbatenyo yamit, and Mansaka damit.

inh+

Bumili ni Jose ng bagong damit.


magna

Ellipsis of Latin magna cum laude (“with great praise”).


abandona

Borrowed from Spanish abandonar, from French abandonner.


pako

pakò (canonical)
ᜉᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
paku (alternative)


pako

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paku (“fern”), from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku (“bracken, edible fern that grows by rivers”).

inh

Diplazium esculentum
Wikispecies:Diplazium esculentum

type of fern, can be served as vegetable and often found near rivers or creeks (Diplazium esculentum)


helikopter

tl-noun

helikopter (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English helicopter. Doublet of elikoptero.


bara

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).


bara

unit of length measuring about 33 inches

measuring stick or tape measure of such a length


ey

Borrowed from English ay, the English name of the letter A /a.

the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Filipino alphabet


ambos

ambós or ambos (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜐ᜔)

ambós (canonical)
ambos (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ambos, plural of ambo (“lottery prize for ticket with two matching numbers”), from Latin ambō (“both”).

consolation prize in lotteries and sweepstakes


ambos

Borrowed from Spanish ambos (“both”), from Latin ambōs, masculine accusative plural of ambō (“both”).

small share from something divided among many


lugar

lugár (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜄᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lugal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish lugar. Doublet of lokal.


tuta

[ˈt̪uː.t̪ɐʔ]

(colloquial, derogatory) lackey; lap dog


tribunal

tribunál (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


gera

Borrowed from Spanish guierra, from Early Medieval Latin werra, from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).


kosta

Borrowed from Spanish costa, from Galician costa or Catalan costa.


Ethel

a female given name from English [in turn from Old English]


nota

annotation; explanatory note (in a notebook, etc.)


reyna

Borrowed from Spanish reina (“queen”), from Old Spanish reyna, from Latin rēgīna. Compare Cebuano rayna and Maranao raina.

(by extension) important woman in an event (such as in a festival, party, etc.)

(biology) queen (reproductive female insect in a hive)


taka

taká (canonical)
ᜆᜃ (Baybayin)
takha (alternative obsolete)

feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


taka

imprint; stamped impression (from a seal or stamp)


taka

bamboo sticks placed at angles over green sprouts of the rice plant


Palestina

female equivalent of Palestino: female Palestinian


hali

halî (canonical)
halí (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ari (“come”). Compare Ilocano ay, Tuwali Ifugao ali, Bikol Central hali, Hiligaynon ari, Tausug kari, and Malay mari.

Hali ka dini.


ramen

Borrowed from Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), from Mandarin 拉麵 /拉面 (lāmiàn, “pulled noodles”).


kultura

Borrowed from Spanish cultura (“culture”).


haro

Borrowed from Spanish jarro. Compare English jar. Doublet of saro.


tinta

tl-noun

tinta or tintá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

tinta (canonical)
tintá (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tinta, from Latin tincta. Compare English tint. Doublet of tina.

ink (used in writing, drawing, printing, etc.)


tela

Borrowed from Spanish tela, from Old Spanish tela, from Latin tēla.


pares

Borrowed from Spanish pares, plural of par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”).
The term pares, referring to the beef stew, originated from the carinderia named Jonas, established in 1979 by Lolita Tiu and Roger Tiu at the corner of Mayon Street and Malindang Street, near Calle Retiro (present-day N.S. Amoranto Sr. Street), in Quezon City. The name came from the practice of pairing beef asado with sinangag (garlic fried rice) and a light beef broth, forming a complete meal.


goto

Borrowed from Hokkien 牛肚 (gû-tǒ͘, “beef tripe”). The sense “beef tripe and rice gruel” is an ellipsis of Spanish arroz caldo con goto (“broth rice with beef tripes”). Compare Indonesian soto.

bor+

goto (Filipino beef tripe and rice gruel)


SB

Batsilyer sa Siyensiya
Batsilyer sa Siyensiya#Tagalog

initialism of Batsilyer sa Siyensiya BS; BSc


sandal

Borrowed from Malay sandar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sandəʀ (“lean on or against”). Doublet of salig and sandig. See also sunday.

inh

leaning position; reclining position (on something)

something placed in a reclining or leaning position against something

(figurative) dependence; reliance (on someone for support)


konsenti

konsentí (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kunsinti (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre. Doublet of konsento.

act of tolerating or condoning acts that are not supposed to be done


ligo

ligò (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
igo (alternative childish)
goli (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *diʀus (“bathe”). Compare Ilocano digos, Ibanag zigu, Bikol Central karigos, Cebuano digo /ligo, Tausug ligu', Malay dirus /irus, and Javanese ꦲꦢꦸꦱ꧀ (adus).


galapong

galapóng (canonical)
ᜄᜎᜉᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
galpong (alternative)

Compare Bikol Central ginalpong and Ilocano galapon.


puto bumbong

tl-noun

puto bumbóng (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜆᜓ ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜅ᜔)

puto bumbóng (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜓ ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
puto-bumbong (alternative)

From puto (“steamed rice cake”) + bumbong (“bamboo cylindrical container”). Compare Indonesian putu bumbung.

compound

puto bumbong (Filipino purple rice cake steamed in bamboo tubes)


kingpin

(transport) axis where which steered wheels pivot; bolt that holds the pivot in place

most important person in an undertaking or organization


halo-halo

tl-noun

halò-halò or haló-halò (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ)

halò-halò (canonical)
haló-halò (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
halu-halo (alternative)
haluhalo (alternative)

Reduplication of halo (“mix”). Literally, “mixture and mixtures”.


puri

From Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā, “worship”) via Old Javanese or Malay puji. Compare Tausug pudji.


trimestre

trimestre (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
traymestre (alternative)

[t̪ɾɪˈmɛs.t̪ɾɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish trimestre, from Latin trimēstrem.


bibimbap

bíbimbáp (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


demanda

Borrowed from Spanish demanda, from demandar.


amoy

(figurative) act of detecting something secret


maya

From Proto-Philippine *máya (“rice bird, small bird found in rice fields”). Alternatively, from Sanskrit माया (māyā, “illusion”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).

inh

Eurasian tree sparrow
Eurasian tree sparrow

Passer montanus
Passer montanus#Translingual


BI

From Philippine English BI, from an initialism of bad influence.

Gaya ng sabi ko last time. Maganda 'yong may accountability partner ka or writing buddy para may magre-remind sa iyo sa goals mo as a writer. Someone na hindi ka ibi-BI (bad influence)

2021, Emerald Blake, Tara, Sulat Tayo Volume 1, Ukiyoto Publishing, →ISBN, page 93:

Like I said last time. It will be great if you have an accountability partner or writing buddy so that someone can remind you of your goals as a writer. Someone who will not BI (bad influence) you.

"No! Hindi kita kaibigan. Pahamak ka, eh. Ikaw ang totoong BI." Bad Influence. "Ikaw ang nagpapahamak sa'kin. Hindi ko alam kung bakit ka ganyan pero ayoko nang alamin. Just... stay away from me."

2022, Rose Tan, Time After Time, Precious Pages Corporation, →ISBN:

"No! You're not my friend. You're a danger, eh. You are the true BI." Bad Influence. "You are the one endangering me. I don't know why you are like that but I don't want to know. Just... stay away from me."

bad influence (something or someone that teaches others to do wrong or encourages wrong actions and thoughts by example)


taksi

Borrowed from English taxi, shortened from taximeter cabriolet.


basilika

Borrowed from Spanish basílica (“basilica”).


semestre

ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish semestre, from Latin semestris (“six months”), from sex (“six”) + mensis (“month”).


kometa

Borrowed from Spanish cometa, Latin comēta, from Ancient Greek κομήτης (komḗtēs, “longhaired”), referring to the tail of a comet, from κόμη (kómē, “hair”).


parola

Borrowed from Spanish farola (“lamppost”), with semantic shift to lighthouse by conflation with faro.


asa

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā). Compare Bikol Central asa, Malay asa, and Tamil ஆசை (ācai).


tratado

Tratado ng Paris


posibilidad

tl-noun

posibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

posibilidád (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


despedida

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
dispedida (alternative)


edad

edád (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
idad (alternative)
edar (alternative)
idar (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish edad, from Old Spanish edat, from Latin aetātem, accusative singular of aetās, from syncope of earlier aevitās.

Beynte anyos ang edad ko.

Bakit ayaw nating umamin ng edad natin?


bala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq (“tell, inform; ask, inquire”).

inh

(obsolete) accusation against someone in front of some authority


bala

Ang bala ng hari.


maleta

[mɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish maleta (“suitcase”).


seguridad

seguridád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄᜓᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɛ.ɣʊ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


salida

rushing down a slope (of a vehicle, especially without the aid of an engine)

professional call (especially of a doctor)

(by extension) fee for a professional call

(gambling) money paid out to winners in excess of the winnings after each game


ministro

ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ministro, from Latin minister.

(Christianity) person trained to perform religious ceremonies

(government) politician who heads a ministry

minister
politician who heads a ministry


oportunidad

tl-noun

oportunidád (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

oportunidád (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish oportunidad, from Latin opportūnitātem.


identidad

identidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

identidád (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
aydentidad (alternative)

[ʔɪ.d̪ɛn̪.t̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish identidad, from Latin identitās.


representante

representante (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


sirena

[sɪˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sirena, from Late Latin Sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The third sense is an extension of the original, further popularized by the rap song Sirena.

Ligaya Tiamson Rubin, may mga kuwento ang mga taga- Angono tungkol sa mga sirena na siyang nakikita sa isang malaking bato na umaawit at may mahabang gintong buhok. Kapag may dumarating na tao ay agad itong nawawala.

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, (Es) kultura ng bayan: Kakambal ng ibang mga bayan:

Diego: 'Yun pong bahagi ng dagat ditong nilalabasan ng mga sirena. Galit daw po ang mga sirena sa mga tagarito. Ayon po kasi sa kuwentu-kuwento, noong unang panahon daw e pinakialaman ng mga mangingisda dito ang mga sirena ...

1993, Ricardo Lee, Salome: a Filipino filmscript, Univ of Wisconsin Center for:

Sa kaharian nila Amelita... Sa kaharian ng mga Sirena...Nakaramdam ako ng kasiyahan. Si Lagrimas... Sana ay masaya siya saan man siya naroon.... Katapusan Si Robinson Mago ay isang Electronics and Communication Engineer na ...

2014, Robin Mago, Amelita, Robinson Mago:

Natutuklasan nila sa mga libro ni Gaying na lahat ng mga taga-Angono ay nagiging bida, walang bandido, nagiging mga diwata, higante at mga sirena sa kanilang mahal na Angono. Nagkakaroon tuloy sila ng pakiramdam na sila man ay ...

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Pagtatala ng gunita, panimulang dokumentasyon ng mga bayan sa Pilipinas, →ISBN:

Darating na ang mga pulis sa ilang saglit.' Tama namang umalingawngaw ang mga sirena at dumating ang mga pulis. Binuksan ulit ng malaking lalaki ang pinto . Hinubad niya ang kanyang damit at kaswal na naglakad papunta sa harapan.

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

(slang, derogatory) effeminate man; gay; male homosexual


bombero

ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
bumbero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bombero. The sense “bomber” is a semantic loan from English bomber. By surface analysis, bomba (“pump; bomb; nude scene”) + -ero.

surf

(colloquial, vulgar) actor of an X-rated film


obispo

Borrowed from Spanish obispo (“bishop”).


asunto

Borrowed from Spanish asunto, from Latin assūmptus.


awa

awà (canonical)
ᜀᜏ (Baybayin)
aua (alternative)

Said to be from Sanskrit आवह् (āvah, “favor”).


masa

Borrowed from Spanish masa, from Latin massa, from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “bread”).


masa

Borrowed from Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit मास (māsa). Compare Tausug masa.


parada

[pɐˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


parada

Siyokoy word or pseudo-Hispanism derived from English parade, from French parade, from Spanish parada. False friend of Spanish parada (“stop”). For the sense of "parade; organized procession", the correct Spanish is desfile.

tl-siyokoy word

[pɐˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


medida

measurer; measuring tool; measuring instrument (such as a tape measure or graduated cylinder)

(literary, poetry, music) measure; measurement; number of syllables in a line (in poetry)


entrega

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ (Baybayin)
intriga (alternative)

[ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɾɛː.ɣɐ]

delivery for safekeeping; handing over; conveyance

money received, earned or paid to as interest

(colloquial) rental money paid daily to the owner of a jeepney or taxi


estante

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
istante (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish estante, from Latin stantem.


taburete

ᜆᜊᜓᜇᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
taborete (alternative)

[t̪ɐ.bʊˈɾɛː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish taburete, from French tabouret.

stool (seat without a backrest and armrest)


parlamento

tl-noun

parlamento (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜉᜇ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
parliyamento (alternative)
parlyamento (alternative)


aparador

[ʔɐ.pɐ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish aparador, from Late Latin apparātor (literally “preparer”).


hilera

ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
helera (alternative)
ilera (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish hilera, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/.


balda

baldá (canonical)
balda (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)


entrada

[ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɾaː.d̪ɐ]

(colloquial) uncalled-for entry into a conversation


tenis

[ˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɪs]

Ultimately borrowed from English tennis.


ine

tlb

(endearing, dialectal, chiefly Bulacan, Nueva Ecija)


luto

lutò (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
loto (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuq. Compare Ilocano luto, Mayoyao Ifugao lutu, Bikol Central luto, Cebuano luto, Tausug lutu', and Ngaju luntoh. The slang senses are ellipses of lutong makaw.

(slang) cheating; rigging (of a game, competition, election, etc.)


luto

Borrowed from Spanish luto (“mourning”), from Latin lūctus.


luto

lutô (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
loto (alternative)


sorpresa

ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
surpresa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish sorpresa, from French surprise.


turista

Borrowed from Spanish turista (“tourist”), from English tourist.


ima

Possibly from Hokkien 引媽 /引妈 (ín-má). Compare Kapampangan ima.


ve

Borrowed from Spanish ve, the Spanish name of the letter V /v.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter V/v, in the Abecedario


realidad

realidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
reyalidad (alternative nonstandard)
riyalidad (alternative nonstandard)

[ɾɛ.ɐ.lɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish realidad, from Latin reālitās.


mandato

Borrowed from Spanish mandato, from Latin mandātum.


tono

accent; tone (in one's speech or dialect)

(literature) tone (manner in which speech or writing is expressed)

(linguistics) tone (pitch of a word that distinguishes meaning)

(photography) tone (favorable combination of lights in a picture)

(physiology) tone (definition and firmness of a muscle)

(colloquial) act of making an effort to be compatible with someone


legalidad

legalidád (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish legalidad. Doublet of lealtad.


empleado

tl-noun

empleado (feminine empleada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ)

empleada (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
empleyado (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish empleado (“employee”).


alambre

Borrowed from Spanish alambre, from Old Spanish alambre, arambre, aramne (“bronze”), from Vulgar Latin *arāmen, variant of Late Latin aerāmen.


babero

ᜊᜊᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
bebero (alternative)
bibero (alternative)


senado

Borrowed from Spanish senado, from Latin senātus.


traidor

tl-noun

traidór (feminine traidora, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

traidór (canonical)
traidora (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oɾ]

[t̪ɾɐ.ʔɪˈd̪oɾ]


absolutismo

absolutismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

tlb

(philosophy, political science, ethics, theology)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
absulutismo (alternative)


golpe

Borrowed from Spanish golpe, from Old Spanish colpe, from Late Latin colpus, syncopation of *colŭpus, alteration of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos). Doublet of gulpi.

(gambling) first prize of money given to the owner of a gambling place


adepto

Borrowed from Spanish adepto, from Latin adeptus. The senses “adept” were semantic loans from English adept.

adept (one fully skilled or well versed in anything); expert; specialist


postura

ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
pustura (alternative)

(colloquial) way of dress too formal or elaborate for the occasion


optimismo

tl-noun

optimismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


argumento

argumento (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜄᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜄᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.ɡʊˈmɛn̪.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish argumento, from Latin argūmentum.


respeto

Borrowed from Spanish respeto (“respect”).


resultado

Borrowed from Spanish resultado (“result”).

result; outcome; finding; consequence; effect; end product


retirada

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]

female equivalent of retirado: female retiree


tumba

Borrowed from Spanish tumbar. Compare Cebuano tumba.

condition of having fallen down (from an upright position)


labi

Compare Kapampangan labi and Sambali labi, and possibly related to Bikol Central ngabil and Cebuano ngabil. Possibly derived from Spanish labio (“lips”), according to Lopez (1965) and Cuadradro Muñiz (1972). See also Persian لبی (labi, “labial”).

rim; edge of a container (as of a bowl, glass, cup, pitcher, etc.)


labi

labí (canonical)
labî (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *ləbiq. Compare Ilocano labi (“remnant”) and Kapampangan labi (“excess”). See also Malay lebih (“excess”) and Javanese ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ (luwih).


bomba

Borrowed from Spanish bomba. Compare English bombshell.

pump (device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas)

(colloquial, figurative) verbal attack; revelatory attack (usually in political speeches)

(colloquial, figurative) nude scene (of a show)

(colloquial, figurative) garden hose; water hose


milagro

ᜋᜒᜎᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
mirakulo (alternative)
milagros (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish milagro, from Old Spanish miraglo, miráclo, from Latin mīrāculum.


uo

uò (canonical)
ᜂᜂ (Baybayin)
oo (alternative)
uu (alternative)


uo

uô (canonical)
ᜂᜂ (Baybayin)
oo (alternative)

name of the Baybayin letter ᜂ, corresponding to "u" or "o"


aborto

Borrowed from Spanish aborto, from Latin abortus.


dignidad

dignidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪɡ.n̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish dignidad (“dignity”).


basar

Borrowed from Spanish bazar, from Persian بازار (bâzâr).


intensidad

tl-noun

intensidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

intensidád (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛn̪.sɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


limusina

ᜎᜒᜋᜓᜐᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
limosina (alternative)


signo

Borrowed from Spanish signo. Doublet of signos.


trono

Borrowed from Spanish trono, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).


goma

Borrowed from Spanish goma (“rubber; gum”), from Late Latin gumma (“gum; resin”), from Latin cummi (“gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).


inodoro

ᜁᜈᜓᜇᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
inidoro (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish inodoro (“odorless”), from Latin inodōrus.


altura

[ʔɐlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


haba

From Greater Central Philippine *habaʔ (“long (object)”). Compare Ilocano akaba, Kapampangan kaba /aba, Hanunoo aba, Bikol Central laba, Aklanon haba, Hiligaynon laba, and Tausug haba'. See also the coincidentally similar Japanese 幅(はば) (haba).


ari

(possibly obsolete) act of having; possession

(obsolete) act of taking for oneself what is not owned

(obsolete) taking or considering something as good or bad


ari

admiration of something in a mocking, frolicking, or taunting way


militar

Borrowed from Spanish militar, from Latin mīlitāris, from mīles (“soldier”).


departamento

tl-noun

departamento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜇ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜉᜇ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tasa

Borrowed from Spanish taza (“cup”), from Andalusian Arabic طَاسَة (ṭāsa), from Arabic طَاس (ṭās), from Middle Persian tšt' (tašt).

(cooking) cup; cupful (unit of measurement)


tasa

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish tajar (“to cut”).

bor+

act of sharpening (of something blunt, such as a blade, pencil, etc.)

sharpened point (of something previously blunt, such as a blade, pencil, etc.)


tasa

act of assessing or appraising (the value for taxation purposes)

assessed value of a property; assessment

act of limiting to the minimum (as of expenses, supplies, etc.)

price fixed (for a certain product, commodity, etc.)


modelo

Borrowed from Spanish modelo. Doublet of model.


turismo

Borrowed from Spanish turismo (“tourism”).


juts

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
jots (alternative)
joots (alternative)


instrumento

tl-noun

instrumento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


pintor

Borrowed from Spanish pintor, from Vulgar Latin *pinctor *pinctōrem, from Latin pictor.


gambol

condition of being badly bruised (as of fruits, a person, etc.)


transporte

transporte (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

(uncommon) transport (ship or airplane used to carry men and supplies)


bulgar

(colloquial) disclosure of something bad or irregular


laot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Compare Ilocano laud, Kapampangan laut, Hanunoo lawod, Bikol Central lawod, Aklanon eawod (“sea”), Cebuano lawod, Waray-Waray lawod, Tausug lawd, Sundanese laut, and Urak Lawoi' ลาโวยจ (lawoc, “sea”).


santa

santa (canonical)
santá (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish santa, feminine of santo.

feminine of santo: image or statue of a female saint


doktor

doktór (feminine doktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

doktór (canonical)
doktora (feminine)
ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish doctor (“doctor”), from Latin doctor (“teacher”).


dama

Borrowed from Spanish dama (“lady, dame”).


gumi

weed that grows in cultivated fields and seedbeds


gumi

gumi (canonical)
gumí (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜋᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gumi (“moustache, beard”). Compare Malay kumis.


hala

referring to something based on what it looks like (while adding what it is)


tama

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamaq (“appropriate, suitable; fit together; hit the mark”). Also possibly from Malay utama (“perfect”), ultimately from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama, “excellent”).

right thing to do; morally good or proper act

wound caused by a hit or shot (of a bullet, arrow, etc.)

(colloquial) kick (stimulation provided by an intoxicating substance, such as drugs or alcohol)

(colloquial) craziness; insanity (of a person)


isla

Borrowed from Spanish isla. Possible Doublet of insula.


lodi

Backslang of English idol, coined in 2018.

“Lodi kita.” Natawa ako. “Nakita naman namin kung gaano mo siya kamahal, e,” dagdag ng babae.

idol; person that one reveres or respects; a respected individual


kendo

Borrowed from Japanese 剣道(けんどー) (kendō), from Middle Chinese 劍 (kjæ̀m, “sword”) + 道 (dáu, “way”).


saray

shelf; compartment (of a bookcase, etc.)

(obsolete) landing (a platform at the top of a flight of stairs)


pinto

Borrowed from Brunei Malay pintu (cf. Bikol Central pinto).


tiramisu

Borrowed from Italian tiramisù (literally “pick-me-up”).


kasa

kasá (canonical)
kasâ (canonical)
ᜃᜐ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), from Late Latin captiāre (“to catch”).

(gambling) covering bet or acceptance of a bet


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish caza (“hunting; hunt”).


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage”).

auto shop; dealership; establishment; firm; commercial house


kasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit काच (kāca, “glass; crystal; quartz”). Compare Malay kaca.

bracelet of blue and green stones (commonly worn by women)


kasa

jumping of caught fish to get out of the net


mago

Borrowed from Spanish mago, from Latin magus, from Ancient Greek μάγος (mágos).


satin

satín (canonical)
ᜐᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
saten (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish satén, from French satin, from Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn, “Zayton; olive”). Doublet of aseytuna and aseytuno.


menor

Borrowed from Spanish menor, from Latin minōrem.

medium-rate acceleration (while driving a vehicle)


ipod

moving to the side a little (to give more space to the person sitting beside)


hache

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish hache, the Spanish name of the letter H /h. Doublet of eyts.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter H/h, in the Abecedario


salvage

ᜐᜎ᜔ᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

(more-native sounding, no palatal assimilation) -albejds

Unadapted borrowing from English salvage. Possibly semantically influenced by Spanish salvaje (“savage”). Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

(colloquial, euphemistic) summary execution, extrajudicial killing


harmonika

harmóniká (canonical)
ᜑᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜈᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish armónica, from English harmonica. The /h/ has been repronounced due to spelling and English influence.


tara

tare (empty weight of a container, used to determine the weight of its contents)


tara

wedding gift given to equal the gift given by the other side to the newlyweds (either from the bride's or the groom's side)


prostituta

tl-noun

prostituta (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆ (Baybayin)


pupu

pupù (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
pupo (alternative)


kubo

ᜃᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
cobo (alternative)
cubo (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu. Cognate with Ilocano kubo, Indonesian kubu and Malay kubu. Etymologically unrelated to Spanish cubo (“cube”), but the "cube" sense has mixed into the original meaning.

hut; shack; shanty (especially a cube-shaped, one-room, rural hut with a nipa or cogon grass roof and bamboo walls)


kubo

Borrowed from Spanish cubo (“cube”), from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).

cube (solid with six equal square sides)


bakla

baklâ (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
bacla (alternative)

From alteration of bakle (“homosexual”) possibly to sound more feminine (cf. Spanish -a), from bakli (“broken by bending; bent; crooked”), picturesque illustrating the incapacity of the male sex organ to exercise an erection. The connotation of being “broken” led homosexuals around the 1970s to use other words such as badap, bading, marikona, etc. to refer to homosexuals. Compare also the analogy with English straight (“heterosexual”) and bent (“homosexual”).
Alternate theories for the etymology include:
* From blend of babae + lalaki.
* From bakla (“fear; worry; perturbed”). See etymology 2. Perhaps attributed to “cowardice” or “fearfulness”. The insertion of the glottal stop may be a late evolution of the word.

effeminate man; womanish man; homosexual male


bakla

baklá (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
bacla (alternative)

alarm; fear caused by sudden realization of danger

(obsolete) deception with flattery to persuade someone


dara

angry shout (usually accompanied with the stamping of feet)


dara

name of the Baybayin letter ᜇ, corresponding to "da" or "ra"


pari

parì (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
pare (alternative obsolete)

From obsolescent variant pare, from Spanish padre, from Latin pater. Doublet of padre.


pari

Compare Kapampangan pari, Malay baji, Old Javanese paji, and Tamil வசி (vaci).


Sugboanon

Sugboanon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔)

ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Sugbuanon (alternative)
Sugbuhanon (alternative)

Borrowed from Cebuano Sugboanon. Doublet of Sugbuhanin.


Bisaya

Bisayà or Bisayâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜌ)

Bisayà (canonical)
Bisayâ (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐᜌ (Baybayin)
Visaya (alternative obsolete)

Bisayan languages
Butuanon people
Cebu
Cebuano language
Cebuano people
Hiligaynon language
Hiligaynon people
Mindanao
Srivijaya
Surigaonon people
Tagalog language
Visayans
Visayas
Waray language
Waray people

Borrowed from Cebuano Bisaya, of uncertain origin, possibly Sanskrit. Possibly related to Sanskrit विषय (viṣaya, “kingdom; dominion; region; territory; domain; realm”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Khmer វិស័យ (visay), Thai วิสัย (wí-sǎi), Pali visaya, Sabah Bisaya Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya Bisaya, Tatana Bisaya. Other theories include:
* From Old Malay Sri Vijaya (“Sri Vijaya”), from Sanskrit श्री विजय (śrī vijayá). During the 1950s to the 1960s, various authors have claimed that Bisaya is derived from Sri Vijaya, claiming the early settlers of Panay were either from Sri Vijaya or subjects of Sri Vijaya. However, linguist Eugene Verstraelen refutes these claims by pointing out that Vijaya would have been "Bidaya" or "Biraya". Compare Malay bisai, from Tamil விசை (vicai).
* From Sanskrit वैश्य (vaíśya) which would have been what Indian traders and/or pirates might have described the settlers of Panay.

cog

Visayan (person from the Visayan region)


tuod

tuód (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
toor (alternative)
tuor (alternative dialectal)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *tuqəd (“tree stump; stubble”). Compare Isnag attud, Cebuano tuod, Waray-Waray tugod, Tboli tuhod, Balinese ᬢᬸᬳᭂᬤ᭄ (tuhed), and Gorontalo tuwodu.

inh+

stump; stub; large root (of a tree, tooth, etc.)


tuod

(obsolete) act of expressing something difficult to say

(obsolete) act of saying something unseen or alluding


buot

buót (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜂᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
boot (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *buhət (“squirrel”). Sense 1 is from a Cordilleran language. Compare Ilocano bukat (“rat”), Limos Kalinga buwot (“rat”), Batad Ifugao bu'at (“rat”), and Cebuano buot (“squirrel”) / puot (“cloud rat”).

cloud rat (especially the Northern Luzon giant cloud rat, Phloeomys pallidus)


bandera

[bɐn̪ˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish bandera. Compare Malay bendera. Doublet of bandila, an earlier borrowing.

(colloquial) act of showing off or parading something


payong

ᜉᜌᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
payiong (alternative)
paiyong (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ. Compare Malay payung. Also possibly from Hokkien 敗陽 /败阳 (pāi-iông, “shade for the sun”), according to Manuel (1948).

cog

(by extension) swimming bell (of a jellyfish)


kok

Nagpakabusog sa hamberger at kok sina Dyong, Nenet, at Totong

1990, Lav Diaz [pseudonym; Bahagharing Timog], Pula, Puti, at saka Blu at marami pang Kolor:

Dyong, Nenet, and Totong indulged with hamburger and Coke.

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


leeg

leég (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜁᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
laeg (alternative)
lieg (alternative)
liig (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *liqəʀ (cf. Bikol Central liog, Bolinao liey, Cebuano liog, Maguindanao lig, Maranao lig, Tausug liug), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ (cf. Malay leher, Hawaiian leo (“voice”), Maori reo (“voice; language”), Tetum lian (“voice; language”)), from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ (cf. Amis li'el).

part of a garment that covers or encircles the neck


sigaret

[ˌsiː.ɣɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Borrowed from English cigarette, from French cigarette.


dhikr

ᜇᜒᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
dhikir (alternative)
zikr (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic ذِكْر (ḏikr).

ubor

dhikr (an Islamic prayer whereby a phrase or expression of praise is repeated continually)


kampang

characteristic swaying motion in walking


sambal

crossing; junction of two roads or rivers


gana

inclination; liking; motivation; willingness to do something


tako

(sports, billiards, pool) cue; billiard stick


latigo

látigó (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
latiko (alternative)

Dendrobium anosmum
Wikispecies:Dendrobium anosmum

purple rain, a species of orchid (Dendrobium anosmum)


adenoma

[ʔɐ.d̪ɛˈn̪oː.mɐ]


tabo

→ Spanish: tabo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabuq. Compare Bikol Central tabo, Cebuano kabo, Malay cebok (“water dipper”), and Urak Lawoi' เจอบุ (cebuq, “to dip out water”).

cog

tabo (traditional hygiene tool shaped like a dipper or scoop usually made of plastic)

act of scooping water or liquid with a dipper or scoop

(historical) tabo (dipper or ladle made of coconut shell and bamboo)


ayuda

[ʔɐˈjuː.d̪ɐ]

aid; assistance; relief (usually relief aid)

welfare (financial aid given by the government to those in need of it)

something supplementing the lack of (such as powdered milk for babies besides mother's milk)


garing

Borrowed from Malay gading. Compare Tausug garing, Yakan garing, Javanese ꦒꦝꦶꦁ (gadhing), and Old Javanese gaḍiṅ.

garing:


obra

Borrowed from Spanish obra. Doublet of ubra.


obra

alternative form of ubra (“bowel discharge after taking a laxative, purgative or enema”)


obrero

[ʔoˈbɾɛː.ɾo]


panos

tlb

(dialectal, Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)

panós (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pan-os (alternative)
panus (alternative)

Compare Bikol Central kanuos, Cebuano nukos, Maranao kano'os, Tausug kanuus, Malay nus, Balinese ᬓᭂᬦᬸᬲ᭄ (kenus), and Javanese ꦤꦸꦱ꧀ (nus).


yapa

tastelessness; insipidity (of solid food)


esgrima

[ʔɛsˈɡɾiː.mɐ]


sawing

small, wide-brimmed native straw hat usually made of palm leaves and the like (used especially by harvesters against the sun)


pobre

Borrowed from Spanish pobre, from Latin pauper. Doublet of pulubi.


babaylan

Borrowed from Cebuano babaylan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman”). Compare Ilocano baglan, Kapampangan mamalian, Hanunoo balyanan, Bikol Central balyan, Maranao waliyan, Malay belian, Central Dusun bobohizan, and Balinese ᬩᬮ᭄ᬬᬦ᭄ (balian).


abrigo

[ʔɐˈbɾiː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigo (“overcoat”).


osa

tl-noun

osa (feminine osa, Baybayin spelling ᜂᜐ)

Borrowed from Spanish osa, from Old Spanish ossa, from Latin ursa.


jujitsu

jujitsu (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ)

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
ditso (alternative)

[d͡ʒʊˈd͡ʒiː.t͡sʊ]

Unadapted borrowing from English jujitsu, from Japanese 柔術(じゅうじゅつ) (jūjutsu).

ubor

jujitsu (method of self-defence established in Japan)


sultan

Either from Malay sultan or from Spanish sultán, ultimately from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

sultan (hereditary ruler in various Muslim states)


iwi

taking care of a domestic animal in behalf of the owner (while possibly getting half of its offspring as his share)

domestic animal taken care of in behalf of the owner

(by extension) rearing of a child; bringing up of children

(figurative) possession of talent, beauty, etc.


suga

fastening with a halter or tether (of an animal)


gora

ᜄᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
gowra (alternative)
gura (alternative)

act of going (moving to a certain place or person)


marka

marká (canonical)
marka (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish marca, from Late Latin marca, from Frankish *marku (“boundary, border”).

mark; sign; symbol; indication; imprint; impression


dolar

alternative form of dolyar: dollar (currency)


hiya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həyaq (cf. Aklanon huya', Hiligaynon huya), from Proto-Austronesian *Səyaq (cf. Paiwan siaq). Unrelated to Arabic حَيَاء (ḥayāʔ, “shame”).

Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.

To a person that knows shame, a word is a vow.


wa

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜏ (wa).

the name of the Latin-script letter W/w, in the Abakada alphabet


okey

okey (canonical)
okéy (canonical)
ᜂᜃᜒᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
OK (alternative)
oke (alternative)
okay (alternative)


vigilante

tl-noun

vigilante (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English vigilante, from Spanish vigilante, from Latin vigilāns. Doublet of bihilante.

ubor

a person suspected to be involved in extrajudicial killings in the drug war in the Philippines from 2016


grasa

Borrowed from Spanish grasa, from Vulgar Latin *grassa, from Latin crassus.


tordo

thrush (a kind of bird, family Turdidae)


habla

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish hablar. Attested in Fr. San Buenaventura's Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613). Doublet of abla and pabula, later borrowings.


sindi

sindí (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
sinri (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish encender, from Latin incendere.

lighting with fire (of candles, cigars, cigarettes, lamps, etc.)

(by extension) powering on some device or appliance


administrador

tl-noun

administradór (feminine administradora, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

administradór (canonical)
administradora (feminine)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish administrador, from Latin administrātōrem.


kansa

Borrowed from Spanish cansar, from Latin campsāre, from Ancient Greek κάμψαι (kámpsai).

fatigue; tiredness; exhaustion; weariness


kansa

kansá (canonical)
kansa (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

The word is not usually found in old Tagalog dictionaries which suggests this word may have been borrowed from a foreign language. Compare Sanskrit कंस (kaṃsa, “bell-metal; metal vessel”), Indonesian kangsa (“bronze”) / gangsa (“brass; bell-metal”), Balinese ᬕᬗ᭄ᬲ (gangsa, “bronze”), and Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa, “bronze”). See also gangsa (“brass gong”).


letra

Borrowed from Spanish letra, from Latin littera (“letter”), from Etruscan [Term?], from Ancient Greek διφθέρα (diphthéra, “tablet”).

der

style by which letters were made by hands


alat

From Proto-Philippine *aDat. Compare Ilocano adat (“bad taste”), Kapampangan alat (“saltiness”), Masbatenyo arat (“saltiness”), Aklanon aeat (“salty”), and Hiligaynon alat (“saltiness”). For the "unlucky" sense, compare Spanish salado (“unlucky (of a person)”, literally “salty”).

noncog

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


alat

Backslang from tala (“star”), a reference to the star badges worn by police officers.

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


tipo

Borrowed from Spanish tipo, from Latin typus (“figure; type”), from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark”).

features; physical appearance; shape; form


tipo

notch; indentation (in the edge or rim of bladed tools, cups, plates, etc.)

breaking of the base (of a tooth, branch, horn, etc.)


modus

Ellipsis of English modus operandi, from New Latin.


paso

From Proto-Philippine *pásuq (“to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn”). Compare Ivatan paso, Casiguran Dumagat Agta pasi, Itawit patu, Bikol Central paso, Agutaynen paso, and Tausug pasu'.

inh

act of being scalded or burned by any hot object


paso

→ Chamorro: påsu

Borrowed from Malay pasu, from Portuguese vaso, from Old Galician-Portuguese vaso, from Latin vāsum (“vessel; vase”).

pot, usually made of clay or porcelain, used for containing plants, food, or water


paso

Borrowed from Spanish paso, from Latin passus.


paso

sound to shoo (like for shooing chickens)


dorado

Borrowed from Spanish dorado. Doublet of dularo.

Oligoplites saurus
Wikispecies:Oligoplites saurus

(zoology) leatherjacket fish (Oligoplites saurus)

Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus#Translingual

(zoology) dolphinfish; mahi-mahi fish (Coryphaena hippurus)


republika

repúbliká (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish república, from Latin rēspūblica, from rēs pūblica (“republic”, literally “[the] public thing”).


tato

tatô (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
tatu (alternative)

Borrowed from English tattoo, from a Polynesian language.


toto

totò (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
tuto (alternative)

Compare Japanese 弟(おとうと) (otōto), Spanish pitotoy (“dick; cock; penis”, slang).

ncog

informal term of address for a small boy: boy; kid


toto

act of continuing the search for another

act of bringing something to another part

act of determining the origin or lineage


loka

(mildly derogatory) female equivalent of loko: madwoman

(informal, colloquial, offensive) foolish or stupid person, especially one who is a female, effeminate man, or homosexual


pistola

Borrowed from Spanish pistola, from German Pistole, from Czech píšťala.


papaya

Borrowed from Spanish papaya, from Lokono papáia. Compare Pangasinan apayas and Kapampangan kapaya.


sentido

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sintido (alternative)


lana

Borrowed from Spanish lana (“wool”), from Latin lāna.


hito

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hituq. Compare Pangasinan ito, Kapampangan itu, Bikol Central hito, Cebuano hito, and Maranao ito.

inh+

Clarias batrachus
Wikispecies:Clarias batrachus

(ichthyology, specifically) walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)


sapid

thick or sticky substance left adhering to the mouth of a container while pouring

sticking of a thick substance on the mouth of a container


patos

Early borrowing from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”), with clipping. The first syllable may have been misinterpreted as the preposition sa (“in; on; at”). Doublet of sapatos.

Patusin mo itong patos.


trato

Masama ang trato ng ilang mga tao sa mga babae.

The treatment of some people towards women is bad.

treatment; regard (for someone, especially of a lower rank in society)

(colloquial) act of making an offer (to buy something)


peregrino

tl-noun

peregrino (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

[pɛ.ɾɛɡˈɾiː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish peregrino (“pilgrim”).


endo

Borrowed from English endo, short for end of contract, as used on the contracts given to workers under the system.


parang

From Proto-Philippine *padaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *padaŋ (“uncultivated field, open grassland”). Compare Malay padang


pana

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare Maranao pana', Tausug pana', & Malay panah.


baston

Borrowed from Spanish bastón, from Old French baston, probably from Vulgar Latin *bastō, *bastōnis. Doublet of baton.

(colloquial) act of hitting someone with a cane

a style of trouser cut in which the legs gradually narrow at the lower end


golpe de estado

tl-noun

golpe de estado (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ)

ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
golpe-de-estado (alternative)


torero

[t̪oˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish torero. By surface analysis, toro + -ero.

(slang, dated) macho dancer; male go-go dancer; male stripper


kar

Borrowed from English car, from Middle English carre, from Anglo-Norman carre, from Old Northern French, from Latin carrus. Doublet of karo.


bila

bilâ (canonical)
bilà (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilaq (“part split off”). Compare Maranao bila' (“brittleness; crispness”), Malay bilah (“thin strip or lath”) and Javanese ꦮꦶꦭꦃ (wilah, “long thin stick”).

cog

bamboo splits fastened horizontally along the length of a bamboo fence to reinforce it


kari

Borrowed from English curry, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi). Doublet of karí (“cafeteria food”).


kari

→ Spanish: carí

Borrowed from Malay kari, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi). Doublet of kari (“curry”).

any ready-cooked dish served in a restaurant or eatery


pantalon

pantalón (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜎᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs)
Ancient Greek ἔλεος (éleos)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek ἐλεέω (eleéō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ
Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn)
Ancient Greek ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn)
Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
Spanish pantalónbor.
Tagalog pantalon
Borrowed from Spanish pantalón, borrowed from French pantalon, from Italian Pantalone, from Spanish Pantaleón, borrowed from Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn), from πᾶς (pâs) + ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn).

etymon

Anong klaseng pantalon suot mo?


muta

mutà (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜆ (Baybayin)
mota (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *mutaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mutəq (“gummy secretion of the eyes”). Compare Ilocano muta, Bikol Central muta, Agutaynen metek, Cebuano muta, Hiligaynon muta, Northern Kankanay bota, Tboli mutok, Malagasy moty, and Nias mutõ.

inh

gound; mote; rheum or gummy secretion in the eyes


muta

mutá (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜆ (Baybayin)
mota (alternative)

alternative spelling of mutha (“a kind of grass”)


tanda

tandâ (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
tanra (alternative)

[t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aʔ]

Possibly ultimately from Old Javanese taṇḍa or Modern Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha), where it referred to a military ensign, possibly via Malay tanda. Compare Bikol Central tanda, Cebuano tanda.

act of remembering; act of retaining one's memory


tanda

shift; turn; rotation (in one's work, performance, etc.)


sula

Ultimately from Sanskrit चूड (cūḍa, “crest; diadem”).

carbuncle; shiny, bright deep red gem (especially a garnet with a smooth, convex surface)

(pathology) carbuncle (inflamed swelling like a boil)

glow at the tip of the tongue of some nocturnal reptiles


hari

Borrowed from Old Javanese haji. Compare Ilocano ari, Kapampangan ari, Cuyunon adi, Bikol Central hadi, Cebuano hari, Waray-Waray hadi, Mansaka ari, Javanese ꦲꦗꦶ (aji), Malay aji, and distantly Maori ariki.

(colloquial) champion (in a sport, etc.)


harap

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)

actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)


lugas

falling off (of hair, teeth, feathers, etc.)

pounding, grinding, or milling into grits (of grain)


busa

continuous popping or bursting sound (as caused by continuous, rapid gunfire)

act of roasting cereals to make them pop or burst (such as corn, rice, etc.)


busa

loud disputation with mild reproach; angry quarrel with abusive words


bura

Borrowed from Spanish borrar (“to erase”).

bor+

vociferous outburst of anger or displeasure


pasa

Borrowed from Spanish pasa, an inflection of pasar.

pass (a single movement, especially of a hand, at, over or along anything)

(medicine) bellyband; abdominal band; girdle (worn by babies to protect the navel)


piga

→ Kapampangan: piga

From Proto-Philippine *pəʀəq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq (“to squeeze out juice”). Compare Kapampangan apia, Bikol Central puga, Cebuano puga, Malay perah, and Chamorro fugo'.

inh

squeezing out of fluid from an object (such as squeezing out juice from fruit, or wringing out water from clothes)


pili

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pili(h). Compare Hiligaynon pili, Waray-Waray pili, Cebuano pili, Bikol Central pili, Hanunoo pili, Ibanag pili, and Iban empili.


pili

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piliq. Compare Tausug pī' and Malay pilih.


taga

Possibly from Proto-Austronesian *taʀaq (“hewing with an adze”). Compare Cebuano taga and Malay tarah.

big cut or wound inflicted by a large knife, bolo, cutlass, etc.; slash; gash

act of hacking or stabbing (with a large knife, bolo, cutlass, etc.)

(figurative, colloquial) overpriced price

(figurative, colloquial) commission; fee on merchandise

(figurative, colloquial) exploitation of someone else's money


tatu

tatú (canonical)
tatû (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


toka

Borrowed from Spanish toca, third-person singular of tocar (“to be someone's time or turn”).

act of assigning a kind of work or duty to someone


tupa

Borrowed from Spanish topa (“it hits; it knocks”), third-person singular present indicative, of topar (“to knock against; to bump into; to collide; to ram”) because sheep bump into each other when fighting. Alternatively, Potet (2016) posits the etymology to be from Tamil ஆட்டுப்பட்டி (āṭṭuppaṭṭi, “flock of sheep”). Sheep are not native to the Philippines. Compare Sambali topa. Etymologically unrelated to English tup.

der

ஆட்டுப்பட்டி


tupa

tupâ (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
topa (alternative)


tupa

tupá (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
topa (alternative)

Unknown. Compare Spanish topar (“to bump; to clash with another”). See also etymology 1.


kuha

kuha (canonical)
kuhà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜑ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central Philippine *kúha(ʔ) (“to get; to take”). Compare Bikol Central kua, Cebuano kuha, Kapampangan kua, Maranao kowa, and Tausug kawa'. According to Zorc (2021), it might be from Proto-Austronesian *kuSa (“work”) with semantic reassignment. Compare Kavalan kuway (“to work in the field”) and Isnag kuwa (“to work”).

take; grab; act of getting (as with one's hand)

Maganda ang kuha mo sa akin.

capture; shot; snap; taking (of a picture)

(by extension) act of stealing something


kusi

Borrowed from Spanish cocer, from Late Latin cocere, from Latin coquere.

engagement in a special culinary activity


kanto

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish canto, from Latin cantus (“metal rim of a wheel”), of Celtic origin.

corner, especially the intersection of two streets


kanta

Borrowed from Spanish canta, from Latin cantāre.


mulat

From Proto-Central Philippine *muklat (“to open eyes”). Compare Ilocano buragat (“eyes opened wide”) / mulagat (“wide-eyed”), Kapampangan mulikat (“open one's eyes”), Kapampangan mulat (“open the eyes”), Asi mukyat (“to open eyes”), Masbatenyo muklat (“open the eyes”), Bikol Central buklat (“opening one's eyes”), Aklanon mukeat (“to realize”), Cebuano buklat (“for the eyes to open”), Hiligaynon muklat (“to open the eyes”), Maranao borarat (“open eyes wide”), Tausug bulat (“eyes open”), and Javanese ꦩꦸꦭꦠ꧀ (mulat, “to look at; to see”).

cog

(figuratively) act of enlightening or educating someone


mulat

Aking mumulat-mulat, at kinuha mo.

act of owning something to be one's property


tenedor

tenedór (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tenidor (alternative)
tinedor (alternative)
tinidor (alternative common)

[t̪ɛ.n̪ɛˈd̪oɾ]

[t̪ɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tenedor (“fork; holder”).


hanga

Pittosporum resiniferum
w:Pittosporum resiniferum


pesa

Clipping of Hokkien 白煠魚 /白煠鱼 (pe̍eh-sa̍h hî, literally “blanched / boiled fish”).

bor

fish boiled in rice with ginger and vegetables


tribu

Borrowed from Spanish tribu, from Latin tribus.

(anthropology) tribe (society larger than a band)


siga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siga (“spark, bright light”).

inh

fire made by burning garbage, weeds, etc.


kiri

siren (women who lures, tempts, or entices)


okupa

okupá (canonical)
ᜂᜃᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
ukupa (alternative)

act of occupying or residing (in a place)

act of occupying or filling (a space, container, mind, etc.)


satay

Borrowed from English satay, from Malay sate, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”). Compare Tausug satti.


litas

short cut on each lower side of a shirt, barong Tagalog, etc.

placket (small slits on a sewn material)


peseta

[pɛˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

(historical) former coin worth twenty centavos


suki

sukì (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
suke (alternative)
suque (alternative)
suqui (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 主客 (chú-kheh, “regular customer or dealer”), as per Chan-Yap (1980). Cognates to Ilocano suki, Pangasinan suki, Bikol Central suki, Cebuano suki, and Tausug sukiꞌ.

bor+

regular and long-standing customer or client (who may receive special treatment due to patronage)

(dialectal) regular vendor or dealer (which one buys from)


suki

sukì (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
soqui (alternative)
suqui (alternative)

cross-like support or prop placed inside houses

act of propping up or shoring up (something)


eme

Borrowed from Spanish eme, the Spanish name of the letter M /m.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Abecedario


eme

Possibly from Spanish eme (“M”) (see etymology 1), euphemism of mierda (“shit; crap”) by taking its first letter. Compare kiyeme. See also lamyerda, lakwatsa.

term used for any object whose actual name the speaker does not know or cannot remember: thingamajig; whatchamacallit; thingy; dingus


aho

Borrowed from Spanish ajo, from Latin allium. Compare Cebuano ahos.


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).


biga

bigà (canonical)
biga (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄ (Baybayin)


biga

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual


biga

root of words meaning "glibness of the tongue", such as malabiga

root of words meaning "fault-finding habit", such as malabiga


siil

oppression; maltreatment (by a ruler, superior, etc.)

suppression; crushing (of people's rights, etc.)


sakal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cəkəl. Compare Malay cekal (“to seize; to clutch”).


Arabe

Arabé (canonical)
Arabe (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish árabe, from Latin Arabs, from Ancient Greek Ἄραψ (Áraps), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).


ugat

ugát (canonical)
ᜂᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
ogat (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *uʀat (cf. Karao ulat (“vein”), Kapampangan uyat, Tiruray urat (“vein”)), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat (cf. Fijian ua (“vein”), Javanese ꦲꦸꦫꦠ꧀ (urat, “nerve”), Malagasy ozatra (“muscle”), Malay urat (“vein”), Maori ua (“vein”), Palauan ngurd (“vein”)), from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC (cf. Amis olat (“tendon”), Bunun ulat, Sakizaya ulat (“tendon”)). The linguistics sense is a semantic loan from Spanish raíz.

(anatomy) root (of one's tooth, hair, etc.)


alak

Borrowed from Malay arak (“liquor”), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arak”). Compare Bikol Central arak, Chamorro arak, and Ilocano arak.


bakal

From Proto-Philippine *bakal (“spear used in warfare,throw a spear at someone”), or from Malay bakal (“raw material”), probably from Old Javanese bakal (“future, prospective”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[b]kəl[ ] (“to give, make over”).

der

(slang) act of cheating money from someone


bakal

bakál (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bacal (alternative)

stave tipped with iron used in planting seed or seedlings

act of digging small holes in the ground with a stave for planting


libo

act of fooling, deceiving, or hoodwinking


buka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buka. Compare Bikol Central buka, Cebuano buka, and Malay buka.

condition of being unfolded (as of flowers, mouths, wings, etc.)

act of unfolding (as of flowers, mouths, wings, etc.)


bundok

bundók (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bunrok (alternative)

→ English: boondock

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk. Compare Kapampangan bunduk.

(figurative) large pile; large heap (of something)


kapal

kapál (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
capal (alternative)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal (“thickening skin”) and Malay kapal (“thickening skin”).

Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!

(colloquial, derogatory) ellipsis of kapal ng mukha


kapal

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).

bor

kapal na tinapay

kapal na pagkit


kaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Malay kaya (“wealth; power”).


kaya

act of hunting for crocodiles in the river or for a man hiding in the mountain


hina

Borrowed from Malay hina, from Sanskrit हीन (hīna, “forsaken; bereft; deficient”). Compare Kapampangan ina and Bikol Central ina.

der

weakness (of power, body, blow, medicine, etc.)

softness; lowness (of sound, voice, etc.)


hubo

hubô (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
hobo (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *hubuʔ. Compare Cebuano hubo (“undress”), Hiligaynon hubu (“naked”), and Tausug hubu' (“bare; naked”).

state of being naked from the waist down


hubo

hubò (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
hobo (alternative)


oras

Borrowed from Spanish horas, plural of hora (“hour; time”), from Latin hōra, from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra). Doublet of ora.

(figurative) destined hour (of one's death)


pulo

pulô (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
polo (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *pujuq. Compare Tausug pū', Balinese ᬧᬸᬮᭀ (pulo), Javanese ꦥꦸꦭꦺꦴ (pulo), and Malay pulau.

island (area of land completely surrounded by water)


pulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq. Compare Malay puluh.


puno

From Greater Central Philippine *punuq, metathesis of Proto-Philippine *puqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun (“base of a tree; cause; source, origin”). Compare Cebuano puno, Maranao pono'an, Tausug puun, and Malay pohon. Doublet of puhunan. See also poon. Possibly related to Hokkien 本 (pún, “source; origin; root; foundation”).


danas

experiencing; actual living through of an event


bili

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəli, from Proto-Austronesian *bəli. Compare Kapampangan abli, Tausug bī, and Malay beli.

purchase price; amount paid for something one bought

(dated or uncommon) sale; act of selling


taon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun. Compare Ilocano tawen, Agutaynen takon, Maranao tahon /ta'on, Tausug tahun, Malay tahun, Malagasy taona, Maori tau, and Hawaiian kau (“season”). See also Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”).

chance happening; coincidence (especially in mataon and kataon)

act of doing something to coincide with another

(obsolete) act of being a go-between for admitting guests in one's house

Dili kita nagtaon niyong kamakailan.

The two of us did not come across each other recently.

(obsolete) encounter of two people at some place (especially by chance)

Saan mo nataunan siya? Nataunan ko sa bahay niya.

Where did you happen to find him? I found him at his home.

(obsolete) finding someone being looked for by chance


taon

taón (canonical)
ᜆᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
taun (alternative)

(attack of) convulsion (especially in children and infants)


tawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa. Compare Malay tawa.


tinda

tl-noun

tindá or tinda (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ)

tindá (canonical)
tinda (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
tinra (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish tienda, from Early Medieval Latin or Late Latin tenda, from Vulgar Latin *tendita, substantivized feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus. Compare English tent.

sale (act of selling goods or articles, as in a store or stall, especially by retail)


weder

Borrowed from English weather, from Middle English weder, wedir, from Old English weder.