misal

Borrowed from Spanish misal, from Medieval Latin missālis.


premyo

Nakuha ko naman ang premyo ko. Pakiramdam ko'y ako ang Dakilang Alexander. Kinailangan ko lang ng tatlong minuto, isang mabagal at malambing na boses at ang nakatutunaw na kislap ng aking mga mata para makakuha ng positibong ...

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

Ang premyo'y ang pagtulong mo't pag-ibig, at ang kaligayahan ko." "Nagbibilang ka na ng sisiw." "Ang gusto kong sabihin, Pina, ito'y dalahing lalong magpapagaan. Hindi ba, kung magkatuwang tayo't magkahati? Ang dalawa'y magiging isa ...

1974, Amado V. Hernandez, Luha ng buwaya, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 10:

Siya lamang ang mayroon nito, tulugan niya kung siya'y inaantok o naghihintay ng malaking balita. Sinalubong niya ako sa may pinto ng silid. "Narito ang premyo mo," aniya, nakatawa ng tawang nanghaharot. "Maganda, 14 Keso De- bola.

2003, Landas sa bahaghari at iba pang kuwento, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 14:


esmeralda

Borrowed from Spanish esmeralda, from Old Spanish esmeralda, possibly through the intermediate of Old French esmeralde (Modern French émeraude), from Vulgar Latin *smeralda, *smaraldus, alteration of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), of Semitic origin.

esmeralda:


kyu

Borrowed from English cue, the English name of the letter Q /q.

the name of the Latin-script letter Q/q, in the Filipino alphabet


gawa

gawâ (canonical)
ᜄᜏ (Baybayin)
gaua (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”). Compare Pangasinan gawa, Sambali gawa, Kapampangan gaua, and Iban gawa. See also Cebuano gama, Iban gawai, Malay gawai, and Javanese ꦒꦮꦺ (gawé, “to do; to work”).

inh

work; opus (such as literary works, musical works, etc.)


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɣɐˈwaʔ]

Puro kathang-isip at gawa-gawa ang mga isinusulat niyang kuwento.

His writing comprises of fiction and fabricated stories.


inggit

inggít (canonical)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
inguit (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *iŋgit (“envy; envious”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i(ŋ)git (“anger; resentment”).

Matapos mag-trending si Agot at tirahin din ng ilang netizen na nagsabing “inggit” lang siya, muling nag-tweet ang aktres para linawin ang kanyang pahayag.

2020, Mary Rose Garzon, “Kampo ni Jinkee Pacquiao, pumalag sa pambabatikos ni Agot Isidro sa luxury bikes”, in RMN:

envy (resentful dislike of another who has something desirable)


bagay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). See also Tamil வகை (vakai).


kalas

act of untying, unbinding, unknotting or ungluing something

separation from a larger group or organization


oktagon

Borrowed from English octagon, from Latin octagōnon, octōgōnon, from Ancient Greek ὀκτάγωνον (oktágōnon). Doublet of oktagono.

octagon (polygon with eight sides and eight angles)


galeon

galeón (canonical)
ᜄᜎᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
galyon (alternative)


kodak

Borrowed from English kodak, genericized trademark from Kodak.

(loosely) camera (device for taking photographs)

(strictly) small portable camera (especially from Kodak)


simi

small particles or remnants of food, especially fish (fallen from or left on the table after eating)


tokwa

ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
tokua (alternative)
tukwa (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆乾 /豆干 (tāu-koaⁿ, “dried tofu”). Compare Malay taukua.


asawa

From Proto-Austronesian *qasawa (cf. Sakizaya acawa). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Arabic زَوْج (zawj, “spouse”) according to Lendoyro (1902), but Potet (2014) disagrees.


unggoy

unggóy (canonical)
ᜂᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
unggo (alternative rare)

From unggo + -oy. Compare Cebuano unggoy. See also tsonggo.


kalabaw

kalabáw (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜊᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
karabaw (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish carabao, from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kər(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Malay kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tausug kābaw, and Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ). Before the coming of the Spaniards, the native Tagalog term used to refer to the animal is anwang. The word kalabaw itself does not appear in the earliest Tagalog dictionaries.

der

(colloquial) neckerchief slide in the Philippine Boy Scout uniform, which is the likeness of the head of a carabao


mirasol

Borrowed from Spanish mirasol (“sunflower”, literally “sun-watcher”).


kulantro

tl-noun

kulantro or kulantró (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

kulantro (canonical)
kulantró (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
colanto (alternative)
kilantro (alternative)
kulanto (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish culantro, from Late Latin coliandrum, from Latin coriandrum (“coriander”), from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron). Doublet of koriyandro.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

cilantro (US); coriander (UK; also used for the plant itself across English dialects) (Coriandrum sativum)


puwersa

Borrowed from Spanish fuerza, from Old Spanish fuerça, from Late Latin fortia.


separatismo

separatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish separatismo, from English separatism.

separatism (advocacy for the political separation of a region)


kalsada

Borrowed from Spanish calzada, from Vulgar Latin *calciāta (“paved road”), ultimately from Latin calx (“pebble”).


lagwerta

ᜎᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜇ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
laguerta (alternative obsolete)
laguwerta (alternative)

[lɐɡˈwɛɾ.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish la güerta, obsolete variant of la huerta (“the orchard”). Compare lakwatsa, lamesa, lamesita, and lamyerda. Doublet of lawulta.


kwadra

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwadra.


kape

→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)

Borrowed from Spanish café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Compare Tausug kahawa.

kape:


kapatid

kapatíd (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
capatid (alternative)
capatir (alternative)
kapatir (alternative)
kapater (alternative)

[kɐ.pɐˈt̪ɪd̪̚]

From ka- + patid. Compare Kapampangan kapatad.

(colloquial) supporter of the TV5 Network


bandeha

[bɐn̪ˈd̪ɛː.hɐ]


hipnosis

ᜑᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ipnosis (alternative)

Either a direct borrowing from Spanish hipnosis with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence, or a direct borrowing from English hypnosis.


karne

Borrowed from Spanish carne (“meat”), from Latin carnem.


tintero

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]

inkwell (container for ink used to refill a quill or a pen)


rabis

Borrowed from English rabies. Doublet of rabya.


ayam

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.


ube

ᜂᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
obi (alternative)
ubi (alternative)

→ English: ube

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi. Compare Hawaiian uhi (“yam”), Malagasy ovy (“potato”), Malay ubi (“yam”), and Maori uwhi (“yam”).

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

ube:


adube

[ʔɐˈd̪uː.bɛ]


buntal

→ English: buntal


tilos

Compare tulis and talas. See also Malay tirus (“acute”).

sharp point; sharpness at the pointed end


balata

Ultimately from Sanskrit व्रत (vrata, “obedience; any vow or firm purpose”).

der

abstinence from something in memory of someone


sabal

embankment built to change the direction of a creek, stream, or small river


sabalo

Borrowed from Spanish sábalo (“shad”), from Gaulish *sabŏlos, from Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”).


abokado

Borrowed from Spanish avocado (“avocado”), from earlier Spanish aguacate, from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl.


administradora

tl-noun

administradora (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of administrador: female administrator


abot-tanaw

abót-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abót-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

farthest distance that can be seen; horizon


abot-tanaw

abot-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abot-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

act of glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


abrelata

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎᜆ (Baybayin)
abrilata (alternative)

[ʔɐ.bɾɛˈlaː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrelatas (“can opener”).


abubot

Kung ano-anong abubot ang nasa silid niya, wala na tuloy malakaran kundi ang kama.

His room has so much junk, there isn't a spot to walk on but the bed.


abuhan

Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans
w:Calamus (palm)

(botany) a species of rattan (Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans)


abukay

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

(obsolete, specifically) Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


abukay

abukáy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
abocay (alternative)

[ʔɐ.bʊˈxaɪ̯]

Coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi#Translingual


abuloy

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *abúluy (“assistance given to someone in need”). Compare Bikol Central abuloy, Pangasinan aboloy, and Agutaynen aboloy.

inh+

subsidy; aid; contribution; offering; charity


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

worry; restlessness; confused mental state


abenturero

tl-noun

abenturero (feminine abenturera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

abenturera (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪.t̪ʊˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish aventurero (“adventurer”).


adhika

adhikâ (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜑᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
adhica (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit अधिक (adhika, “subsequent, additional”) with semantic shift.

Ano ang inyong adhika sa buhay?


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kuntento (alternative)


pispis

particles or scraps of food left over on the dining table

act of dusting lightly to clean a surface


dumi

dumí (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
rumi (alternative)

(chiefly Batangas) disgust; revulsion; dislike of something dirty or foul

(chiefly Batangas) abhorrence; loathing; detestation


sekreto

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
sikreto (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish secreto. The alternate pronunciation was influenced by English secret. Doublet of sekreta.


katoliko

Borrowed from Spanish católico (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).

der

alternative letter-case form of Katoliko


tuko

From Proto-Austronesian *təktək (“gecko, house lizard”), onomatopoeic, imitative of its mating call approximated as “tuk-o”. Compare Ilocano tekka, Bikol Central tuko, Cebuano tiki, Maranao tagetek, Tausug tukki', and Malay tokek. See also Malay cecak.


tuko

act of cleaning tiny apertures with something pointed (to facilitate functioning)


palatina

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pretina, metathesis of Old Spanish petrina, from Vulgar Latin *pectorīna, derived from Latin pectus.


adhikain

[ʔɐd̪.hɪˈxaː.ʔɪn̪]


administrasyon

tl-noun

administrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

administrasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
administrasiyon (alternative)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish administración (“administration”), from Latin administrātiōnem.

bor+

Ilang administrasyon na ang dumaan, pero malaking problema pa rin ang katiwalian.

Many administrations have past, but corruption remains a major problem.

(government, politics) executive part of government

administration
executive part of government

administrasyong Marcos

(government, politics) country's government under a particular leader


aerodromo

tl-noun

aeródromó or aerodromo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜓ)

aeródromó (canonical)
aerodromo (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
erodromo (alternative)

[ʔɐ.ɛˌɾoː.d̪ɾoˈmo]

Borrowed from Spanish aeródromo. Doublet of erodrom.


tisa

Borrowed from Spanish tiza (“chalk”), from Classical Nahuatl tizatl (“white earth, chalk”). Compare Cebuano tisas and Maranao tisas.


agrimensura

tl-noun

agrimensura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.mɛn̪ˈsuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish agrimensura, from Latin agrīmēnsūra.


sayari

[sɐˈjaː.ɾɪʔ]


dawa

dawà (canonical)
ᜇᜏ (Baybayin)
daua (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *zawa. Compare Hiligaynon dawa, Cebuano dawa, Puyuma dawa, Waray-Waray dawa, and Tausug dawa. Theorized also to be from Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley; grain; cereal”). See also Diyawa.

cog

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual


dawa

dawâ (canonical)
ᜇᜏ (Baybayin)
daua (alternative)


kiti

Borrowed from Hokkien, the first syllable of which most likely is from 雞 /鸡 (ke, “chicken”), as noted by Chan-Yap (1980). The second syllable is proposed by Chan-Yap (1980) to mean “young; tender”, proposing the character 弟 (tī), which has no such meaning, but a similar sounding character 稚 (tī, “young; immature”) does.


kiti

start of ebullition; appearance of small bubbles before boiling; effervescence


malaika

maláiká (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜁᜃ (Baybayin)
malaikah (alternative)
mala'ikah (alternative)
malaaikah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak). Compare Maranao mala'ikat, Tausug malāikat, and Malay malaikat.


kabila

From ka- + *bila (“half”). Compare Malay belah (“split”). See also bila.

opposite side (of a street, river, etc.)

other one (referring to two opposing sides)


indeks

Borrowed from English index, from Latin index. Doublet of indise.


anabolismo

tl-noun

anabolismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish anabolismo, from English anabolism, from Ancient Greek ἀναβολή (anabolḗ, “that which is thrown up”) + -ism.


balasto

Borrowed from Spanish balasto, from English ballast.


gramatiko

gramátikó (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɐˌmaː.t̪ɪˈxo]


nga

ᜅ (Baybayin)
ñga (alternative)
ng̃a (alternative)
n͠ga (alternative)

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜅ (nga).

the name of the Latin-script letter Ng/ng, in the Abakada alphabet


anatomista

tl-noun

anatomista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜆᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish anatomista, also analyzed as anatomiya + -ista.

anatomist (one involved in the science of anatomical structures)


kabuti

kabutí (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
cabuti (alternative)


sunat

sunát (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sonat (alternative)

Borrowed from Classical Persian سُنَّت (sunnat), from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna). Compare Maranao sonat (“clean”), Tausug sunnat (“circumcise by lightly scraping the clitoris”), and Malay sunat (“circumcision”). Doublet of sunna.

cog

female circumcision; excision of a woman's clitoris as part of Brunei custom


astronomiya

tl-noun

astronomiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
astronomia (alternative)
astronomya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish astronomía (“astronomy”), from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


praktika

práktiká (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish práctica, from Latin prāctica (“practical affairs", "business”), from Ancient Greek πρᾱκτική (prāktikḗ), from πρᾱκτικός (prāktikós, “practical”). Doublet of praktis.

der

practice (an ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession)

practice (an observance of religious duties)

practice (customary action, habit, or behaviour)

practice (actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory)


konsepto

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kunsepto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish concepto, from Latin conceptus.

Nagsimula ang sumisikat na konsepto ng "community pantry" sa isang karatula at simpleng ideya: magbigay ayon sa kakayahan, kumuha batay sa pangangailangan.

2021, “'Tayo-tayo muna': Konsepto ng 'community pantry' lalo pang lumaganap”, in ABS-CBN News:

The increasingly popular concept of a "community pantry" started on a single sign and a simple idea: give what you can, get what you need.


lukto

luktô (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
locto (alternative)


diplomasia

tl-noun

diplomasia (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


politiko

polítikó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
pulitiko (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish político, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).


heko

Borrowed from Hokkien, either:
* 蝦膏 /虾膏 (hê ko, literally “shrimp paste”) according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 蝦膎 /虾膎 (hê-kê, “shrimp paste”, literally “pickled/salted shrimp”) according to Manuel (1948)

thick, dark sauce from the residue of salted shrimp paste


tatas

ability to speak intelligently and fluently

fluency of speech; clearness of diction or pronunciation


agrikultura

agrikultura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.xʊlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish agricultura (“agriculture”), from Latin agricultūra.


nikel

Borrowed from Spanish níquel (“nickel”), from German Nickel.


balakid

tl-noun

balakíd or balakid (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔)

balakíd (canonical)
balakid (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
balakir (alternative)


kabaong

→ Aklanon: kabaong

→ Bikol Central: kabaong

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kabaong

→ Kapampangan: kabaung


tandang

→ Kapampangan: tandang

[t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aŋ]

See also Old Javanese tandaṅ (“attack”) and Sundanese tandang (“to fight”).


inahing manok

inahíng manók (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔)

inahíng manók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˌhɪŋ mɐˈn̪ok̚]

From inahin (“mother”) + manok (“chicken”). Literally, “mother chicken”.


kahel

Borrowed from Spanish cajel, from Arabic قَمْحِيّ (qamḥiyy), nisba of قَمْح (qamḥ, “wheat”). Compare Chamorro kåhet.

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

kahel:


astrolohiya

astrolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
astrolohia (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish astrología (“astrology”), from Latin astrologia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “astrology”).


pulseras

Borrowed from Spanish pulseras, plural of pulsera.


taban

act of holding onto something (to keep oneself or something from falling)

something held onto (to keep oneself or something from falling)


tripulante

tl-noun

tripulante (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


utang-na-loob

utang-na-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ᜈᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

utang-na-loób (canonical)
ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ᜈᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
otang na loob (alternative)
otang loob (alternative)
utang na loob (alternative common)
utang ng loob (alternative)
utang-loob (alternative obsolete)

[ˌʔuː.t̪ɐŋ n̪ɐ loˈʔob̚]

Literally, “owed will; heart debt; internal debt”.

lit

May utang-na-loob ako sa pagtulong niya sa akin.

(idiomatic) sense of gratitude; debt of gratitude


bilang

ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
blg. (alternative)
Blg. (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”). Compare Old Javanese wilaṅ, Maranao bilang, and Malay bilang.

inh

Malaki ang bilang ng mga nakiluksa para kay Dating Pangulong Cory Aquino.

There was a large number of people who mourned for Former President Cory Aquino.

Hindi ka nabibilang sa pangkat.

condition of belonging or being part of something


tarak

[ˈt̪aː.ɾɐk̚]

Borrowed from Malay tajak (“grass-cutter”).

bor+

act of stabbing and leaving it embedded in the flesh (with a knife, dagger, etc.)

act of driving into the ground (with a stake, wooden peg or pin, etc.)

stake or the like driven into the ground (to mark a place or boundary)


huni

From Proto-Philippine *huni, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huni, from Proto-Austronesian *Suni.


paa

now chiefly Rizal, Batangas, Quezon, Marinduque

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqa, from Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Compare Malay paha.


balisa

Borrowed from Malay belisah. See also Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa).


ekonomista

tl-noun

ekonomista (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


hegemonya

[hɛ.ɣɛˈmoː.ɲɐ]


kalibre

Borrowed from Spanish calibre, from French calibre, from Arabic قَالِب (qālib), from Classical Syriac ܩܠܒܝܕ (/*qālobīḏ/), from Ancient Greek καλοπόδιον (kalopódion).

calibre (diameter of the bore of a firearm)


menora

[mɛˈn̪oː.ɾɐ]

Ultimately from Hebrew מנורה (m'norá, “light, lamp, menorah”). Doublet of minarete.


kapitalista

tl-noun

kapitalista (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish capitalista. By surface analysis, kapital + -ista.


kodigo

Borrowed from Spanish código, from Vulgar Latin *codicus, from Latin caudex.

Ang halata naman ng kodigo mo! Mahuhuli ka n'yan sa exam.

Your cheat sheet is so obvious! You'll get caught in the exam.

(colloquial) cheat sheet (sheet of paper containing notes to cheat on a test)


entremetido

entremetido (feminine entremetida, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

entremetida (feminine)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
intrimitido (alternative)


assumera

assumera (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜋᜒᜇ or ᜀᜐᜓᜋᜒᜇ)

[ʔɐ.ʃʊˈmɛː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɐ.sʊˈmɛː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɐs.jʊˈmɛː.ɾɐ]


sangla

sanglâ (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
sanla (alternative)

Possibly either from the following:
* From Malay sanda (“to pledge; to pawn”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanda (“pawned; pledged in place of something else”) as per Blust (2010-).
* From Chinese origin, possibly Hokkien 送禮 /送礼 (sàng-lé, “to send a gift”) as per Manuel (1948).


pabrika

Borrowed from Spanish fábrica (“factory”), from Latin fabrica (“workshop”).


bato-balani

bató-balanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


kumusta

kumustá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
comosta (alternative)
comusta (alternative)
cumusta (alternative)
kamusta (alternative)
kmsta (alternative Internet abbreviation)
musta (alternative clipping)

From Spanish cómo está. Compare Ilocano kumosta, Kapampangan komusta, Bikol Central komusta, Cebuano kumusta, and Maranao komosta.

best regards; respects; complimentary greeting (such as expressing one's concern for another's health)


probinsya

tl-noun

probinsya (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of probinsiya.


tibo

sting or a small painful wound inflicted by some species of fish (such as kanduli, hito, pagi, liwalo, sumbilang, etc.) and also by bees

external spine, thorn, or excrescence of certain kinds of fish and insects that does the stinging


hene

Ang mga hene na may komersyal na potensyal ay inililipat mula sa isang organismo patungo sa isang organismo.

2000, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Los Baños, “Q&A: Mga Tanong at Sagot tungkol sa mga Genetically Modified na Pananim”, in Pocket K^(https://web.archive.org/web/20191231084818/http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/pocketk/foldable/Pocket%20K1%20(Filipino).pdf), number 1, archived from the original on 2019-12-31:

The genes with commercial potential are transferred from one organism to another organism.

Naniniwala ang mga sikolohista sa ideya na ang mga hene ay may kinalaman sa ating pagkilos sa lipunan, ngunit mariin nilang kinukwestyon ang mga batayang palagay ng ganitong pananaw.

2004, Raymond Charles Anicete, Sikolohiyang panlipunan at kalinangan: panimulang pagbabalangkas ng isang larangan, page 56:

Psychologists believe in the idea that genes are involved in our actions in society, but they also strongly question the basic assumptions of this perspective.


paisano

paisano (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜁᜐᜈᜓ or ᜉᜌ᜔ᜐᜈᜓ)

ᜉᜁᜐᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
ᜉᜌ᜔ᜐᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
paysano (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish paisano, from Old French païsan. Doublet of pesante.


consuelo de bobo

consuelo de bobo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

konsuwelo de-bobo
konsuwelo de-bobo#Tagalog

alternative spelling of konsuwelo de-bobo


almendras

almendras (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
almendra (alternative)

[ʔɐlˈmɛn̪.d̪ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish almendras, plural of almendra, from Old Spanish almendra, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of Pre-Greek origin.

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual

Isang manlalakbay na nakasakay sa isang kamelyo at dalawang makisig na kabayong Arabe. Ang isa sa mga ito, na sinasakyan ng isang tauhan ng Aduwana ay nakatatawag ng pansin ng lahat. Dito'y nakatikim ako ng sereso, albarikoke, at almendras.

1962, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896:

One traveler riding a camel and two robust Arabic horses. One of these, which was ridden by a Customs worker, was catching everyone's attention. Here I was able to taste cherry, apricot, and almond.


kanton

kantón (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
canton (alternative)


yurak

act of treading heavily on something in order to crush or destroy; trampling on something

defamation; insult; act of tarnishing someone's reputation

violation; infringement (of someone's rights)


hikmat

Borrowed from Malay hikmat, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).


hulog ng loob

hulog ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulog ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “having one's will fallen into”.


lakas ng loob

tl-noun

lakás ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

lakás ng loób (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “strength of one's insides”, or more loosely translated as “inner strength”.

lit

Kasabwat ng kanyang walang humpay na lakas ng loob, isinaksak niya ang manlulupig sa dibdib.

Alongside his unwavering courage, he stabbed the conquistador in his heart.

Ang lakas ng loob mong sigawan ang nanay mo; bigyan mo naman ng respeto.

You sure have the guts to shout back to your mother; show her some respect.


tibay ng loob

tl-noun

tibay ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

tibay ng loób (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “material strength of one's insides”.

lit

Ang mga nagmamahal sa atin ang nagbibigay ng tibay ng loob upang maharap natin ang mga problema.

Those who love us give us strength of will to face problems.

Ang tibay ng loob niya; hindi siya nagpadala sa mga paninira at naniwala siya sa sariling kakayahang maging matagumpay.

His will is strong; he wasn't let down by what others may say and he believed in his ability to succeed.


brokoli

brókolí (canonical)
ᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
brokuli (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish brócoli, or from English broccoli, from Italian broccoli.


silaba

Borrowed from Spanish sílaba, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ).


sukdulan

terminal; end (of a transportation line)


topak

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:
* Blend of toyo + patis + utak.
* A play on katok.
* Backslang from impakto (“evil spirit causing temporary madness”): im-pak-to → to-pak.

(colloquial) tantrum; moodiness (especially of a child)

(colloquial) something wrong (with a device, system, etc.)


imposibilidad

tl-noun

imposibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

imposibilidád (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


amor

Borrowed from Spanish amor, from Latin amōrem. Doublet of amores.


kriminal

kriminál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


sasa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sasah (“cut or collect palm leaves for roofing”). Compare Cebuano salasa.

inh

Nypa fruticans
Nypa fruticans#Translingual


sasa

feeling of having had too much of something


sasa

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜐ, corresponding to "sa"


pabo

Borrowed from Spanish pavo (“turkey”), from Latin pāvō.


lambot ng buto

tl-noun

lambót ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

lambót ng butó (canonical)
ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tigas ng buto

tigás ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

tigás ng butó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

'Di ko yata kayang gayahin ang pagsayaw nila; ang tigas ng buto ko e!

I don't think I can copy their dancing; my body isn't flexible!


sama ng loob

samâ ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

samâ ng loób (canonical)
ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
sama ng kalooban (alternative)

Matagal na niyang kinikimkim ang sama ng loob niya na sa pagkakataong naubos ang pasensiya niya, sumabog siya na parang bulkan.

He had been keeping his resentment for so long that the moment his patience ran out, he blew up like a volcano.

(idiomatic) ill will; hurt feeling; displeasure; resentment


rebolusyon

rebolusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rebolusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
rebulusyon (alternative)
ribulusyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish revolución, from Late Latin revolūtiōnem.


muson

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish mojón. Doublet of mohon, a later borrowing.


istasyon

istasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪs.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


desodorante

tl-noun

desodorante (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


doktora

Borrowed from Spanish doctora (“female doctor”).

bor+

female equivalent of doktor: female doctor


balada

Borrowed from Spanish balada, from French ballade, from Old Occitan ballada, from Late Latin ballāre.


ganta

Borrowed from Spanish ganta, from Cebuano gantang, from Malay gantang.

ganta (unit of grain measure of approximately three liters)


etimologo

etimólogó (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish etimólogo (“etymologist”).


interes

interés (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛˈɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish interés, from Latin interesse.


barok

From comic character created by Filipino cartoonist Bert Sarile in 1973, Barok, who was depicted as a “pre-historic caveman”. Possibly influenced by English baroque.


barok

Borrowed from English baroque, from French baroque, from Portuguese barroco (“irregular pearl”).


milimetro

tl-noun

milimetro or milímetró (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

milimetro (canonical)
milímetró (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


panlapi

panlapì (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
pnl. (alternative abbreviation)

From pan- + lapi. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language).


koton

Borrowed from English cotton. Doublet of algodon.


silid

silíd (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
silir (alternative)

From Proto-Southern-Philippine *sələd (“interior; inside; within”). Compare Aklanon sueod, Cebuano sulod, Hiligaynon sulod, and Waray-Waray sulod.

Mukhang pagod ka. Ba't 'di ka muna magpahinga sa silid namin?

You look tired. Why don't you rest in our room?

closet or small room for storage (especially in a rural native house)


aklatan

Magbabasa lang ako sa aklatan. Ang sipag ko 'no?

I'll just be reading at the library. Aren't I diligent?


aklat

aklát (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
aclat (alternative)

Nakalulula ang dami ng mga aklat na inilalathala bawat taon. Mababasa pa ba natin itong lahat?

The amount of books published each year is staggering. Can we still read all of these?

(obsolete) the act of flipping the pages of a book


jilbab

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِلْبَاب (jilbāb).


kandidato

ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
candidato (alternative)


dungis

(figurative) moral blemish; stain on one's character


putang ina

putang iná (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜅ᜔ ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)
potang ina (alternative)
P.I. (alternative)
PI (alternative)
putaera (alternative)
putang inabit (alternative)
pusang gala (alternative)
putang-ina (alternative)
putangina (alternative)
putangna (alternative)
tangina (alternative)
taena (alternative)

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

From puta (“prostitute”) + -ng (enclitic suffix) + ina (“mother”) or a partial calque of Spanish puta madre.

compound

Nagtutungayaw na sinalubong ito ng kanyang ina. "Ang puta! Putang ina ka! Buwisit, salot ka sa lugal na ito!" Sinampal at sinabunutan ang nagugulumihanang si Aling Marta. Dumurugo ang labi at lumuha na lamang ito, hindi man lamang ...

2006, Ireneo Perez Catilo, Pandesal: at iba pang kuwento:

His mother greeted him with a smile. "Damn it! You piece of shit! For god's sake, you're a plague on this place!" He slapped and beat the disturbed Mrs. Marta. Her lips were bleeding and she was merely weeping, not even ...

(idiomatic, offensive, derogatory) any contemptible person


lukso

luksó (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
locso (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(ə)suh. Compare Bikol Central lukso and Cebuano lukso. See also Tausug laksu.


lagets

From blend of lagi (“always”) + English forgets. Influenced by bagets (“young people”).


beles

ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
biles (alternative)
bilis (alternative)

Derived from Spanish maravedís, plural of maravedí, ultimately from Arabic مُرَابِطِين (murābiṭīn, literally “holy men”), the name of the Almoravid rulers of Muslim Spain during the 12th century. Doublet of marabilis.

der

(historical) half-centavo coins (used during the Spanish occupation)


tropiko

Borrowed from Spanish trópico, from Latin tropicus, from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós).


elektrolito

tl-noun

elektrólitó (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ)

elektrólitó (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish electrólito, from English electrolyte, coined by British scientist Michael Faraday in 1834, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron) + λυτός (lutós).


aldehido

Borrowed from Spanish aldehído but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, from English aldehyde, from German Aldehyd, a contraction of New Latin alcohol dēhydrogenātum (“alcohol deprived of hydrogen”).


presinto

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English precinct, influenced by Spanish precinto (“seal”), recinto (“precinct; enclosure”), ultimately from Latin praecīnctum (“enclosure; boundary line”).


lunatiko

Borrowed from Spanish lunático, from Latin lūnāticus.


alikabok

alikabók (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜃᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
alicabo (alternative)
alicaboc (alternative)
alicalbo (alternative)
alikabo (alternative obsolete)
alikalbo (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *alik-qabuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk. Compare Malay habuk.


kadugo

kadugô (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
karugo (alternative)

[kɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]


kamag-anak

ᜃᜋᜄ᜔ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
camag-anac (alternative)
kaanak (alternative contraction)

[kɐ.mɐɡˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


altimetro

tl-noun

altimetro or altímetró (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

altimetro (canonical)
altímetró (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐl.t̪ɪˈmɛː.t̪ɾo]

[ʔɐlˌt̪iː.mɛˈt̪ɾo]


bakas

bakás (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bacas (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkas. Compare Javanese ꦧꦼꦏꦱ꧀ (bekas) and Malay bekas.


bakas

share of capital; money put in (in gambling or business)


oleomargarina

oleomargarina (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
olyomargarina (alternative)


armori

[ˌʔaɾ.moˈɾɪ]


timos

act of tasting or savoring any liquid food or broth (as by sipping a little of it)


tiris

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tədis. Compare Bikol Central tados.

inh+

act of crushing of lice between thumbnails

(by extension) act of popping one's pimples (especially with one's fingertips)


dami

Compare Hiligaynon and Waray-Waray damo.


amito

Borrowed from Spanish amito, from Latin amictus.

amice (hood, or cape with a hood, formerly worn by the clergy)


ligis

grinding; milling; crushing; pulverizing


butiki

butikî (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜒᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
buticqi (alternative)
butiqui (alternative)

[bʊ.t̪ɪˈxɪʔ]

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual


boton

botón (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
buton (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish botón. Doublet of butones.

(uncommon) button (fastener, especially a big one)


boton

tl-noun

boton or botón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

boton (canonical)
botón (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


abanderada

ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇ (Baybayin)
banderada (alternative)

[ʔɐ.bɐn̪.d̪ɛˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


abanderado

abanderado (feminine abanderada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

abanderada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
banderado (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish abanderado (“standard-bearer”).


buhawi

buhawì (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜑᜏᜒ (Baybayin)
bohaui (alternative)
buhaui (alternative)

From Greater Central Philippine *buháwi(ʔ). Compare Waray-Waray buhawi, Maranao bohawi, and Tausug buhawi'.


ahedres

tl-noun

ahedrés or ahedres (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ahedrés (canonical)
ahedres (canonical)
ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.hɛˈd̪ɾɛs]

[ʔɐˈhɛː.d̪ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish ajedrez (“chess”), Old Spanish axedrez, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /čatrang/), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga). Doublet of satol.

der

الشَّطْرَنْج

Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj)

Datapwa't sahol sa kasanayang mapagitna sa dalawang babaing kapwa umiibig sa kanyá, át: mga sandaling yao'y sabay na nangangailangan at humihingi ng kanyang asik so at panáhon. Hindi bihasa si Mando sa ahedres ng mga puso.

1978, Amado V. Hernandez, Mga ibong mandaragit (nobelang sosyo-politiko):

However, it is a skill to be between two women who both love him, and: those moments that simultaneously need and demand his attention now and then. Mando is not skilled in the chess of hearts.

...na ang lantsa sa kalagitnaang bahagi ng ilog, sa loob-loob ni Mayor Sugay, “Mga mababa na piraso lamang kayo ng ahedres sa labanang ito. Hahahaha! Kung sa palagay ninyo'y kumikilos kayo upang proteksiyunan ang sari-sarili ninyong mga interes, diyan kayo nagkakamali!”

...the launch already in the middle part of the river, in the inner thoughts of Mayor Sugay, “You all are just lowly pieces of chess in this fight. Hahahaha! If you all think you were moving to protect your own interests, that's where you are wrong!”


ahensya

[ʔɐˈhɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ahensiya.


akasya

ᜀᜃᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
akasiya (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “a thorny Egyptian tree”).


abusera

[ʔɐ.bʊˈsɛː.ɾɐ]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English abuser, influenced by Spanish -era. By surface analysis, abuso + -era. See also Spanish abusadora.


bukol

ᜊᜓᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bocol (alternative)
bucol (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul. Compare Bikol Central bukol, Kapampangan bukul, and Pangasinan bokol.

swelling; bump; lump (as on one's head or body)


bagal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagal (“overgrown, clumsy, sluggish”). Cognate with Cebuano bagal, Kapampangan bagal, Maranao bagal, and Malay bagal.


sapi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapiq (“contract, harmony, agreement”).

act of joining as a member (of an association, etc.)

(business) stock; share (of a corporation, partnership, etc.)

something attached or nailed to or against another (to reinforce or strengthen it)

(by extension) possession (by a spirit, demon, etc.)


piring

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəzəŋ (“to close the eyes”). Compare Bikol Central pirong.

blindfold (covering that blocks light to the eyes)


pamantasan

Malaki ang pamantasan namin.


pantas

Borrowed from Malay pantas, from Old Javanese pantĕs (modern Javanese ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (pantes)).

Nagsasaliksik ang mga pantas upang malinang ang kanilang karunungan.

The wise men are researching to sharpen their knowledge.


mikroorganismo

tl-noun

mikroorganismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
maykroorganismo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish microorganismo, also analyzed as mikro- + organismo.


tekila

Borrowed from Spanish tequila, from Tequila, the town in Jalisco, Mexico where the drink was originally made. The place name is from Classical Nahuatl Tequillan, Tecuila (“place of tribute”).


tostador

tostadór (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tustador (alternative)


pomada

ᜉᜓᜋᜇ (Baybayin)
pamada (alternative)
pumada (alternative)


hamak

Compare Bikol Central hamak. See also Arabic حَمَاقَة (ḥamāqa).


barena

[bɐˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish barrena, from Mozarabic barrina, from Late Latin veruina (“long javelin”), from Latin veru (“javelin”). Doublet of balina.

drill; auger (instrument for creating holes)

(figurative) lapse of distemper; moment of unreasonable anger


sismometro

sismómetró (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

sismómetró (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


mamon

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish mamón (“sponge cake”), from Spanish mamón (“suckling child”). Compare Cebuano torta mamon and Thai มาม่อนเค้ก (maa-mɔ̂ɔn-kéek, “mamon cake”). See also Spanish mojicón.

cog

mamon (traditional Filipino chiffon cake or sponge cake)


aleli

Borrowed from Spanish alhelí, from Arabic الْخَيْرِيّ (al-ḵayriyy), from Middle Persian hylyk' (/hērīg/, “wallflower”).


bual

alternative form of buwal (“fall flat on the ground”)


kabaret

kábarét (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜇᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
kabarey (alternative)

[ˌkaː.bɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish cabaret, variant of cabaré, from French cabaret.


tinapay

From tapay + -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay. Compare Kapampangan tinape and Malay tempayan.


asukal

ᜀᜐᜓᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
asocal (alternative)
asucal (alternative)

Early borrowing from Spanish azúcar. Compare Bikol Central asukar, Cebuano asukar, Ilocano asukar, Tausug sukal, and Waray-Waray asukar.


adiposidad

tl-noun

adiposidád (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

adiposidád (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


lunan

Syncopic form of lunaan from Cebuano luna (“canvas; space; place; area”) + -an. Coined by Isidro Abad, a former committee member representing Cebuano at the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (Institute of National Language) around late 1930s as a substitute for Spanish-loaned lugar.


arkipelago

tl-noun

arkipélagó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ)

arkipélagó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪˌpɛː.lɐˈɣo]

Borrowed from English archipelago, from Italian arcipelago, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “leading”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”). Doublet of artsipiyelago.


nudels

Borrowed from English noodles, plural of noodle, from Dutch noedel, or from German Nudel. Compare Cebuano nodol.

noodles (strings or flat strips of pasta or other dough)


askal

Blend of aso (“dog”) + kalye (“street”), also short for asong kalye.

askal (a variety of mongrel dog breed in the Philippines)

Lumayo ka; may askal sa tabi, baka anuhin ka.

Stay away; there's a stray dog nearby, it might do something to you.


pusakal

Blend of pusa (“cat”) + kalye (“street”).


tangga

Borrowed from Spanish tanga (“hob, a boys game”), from Old Spanish tanga, first-person singular present subjunctive of tañer (“to touch”), from Latin tangere (“to touch”).

bor+

a gambling game in which coins at stake are placed one over another inside a circle then hit by players in turns with their cue pieces (similar to quoits)


glandula

glándulá (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish glándula, from Latin glandula.


gilas

elegance; refined grace (in manners or action)


puthaw

putháw (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜑᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
putaw (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 斧頭 /斧头 (pú-thâu, “axe”).


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]

Di naman siya nagmaramot at noon din ay pinatigil niya ang aming sasakyan at kami ay nagpalit. — Saan ba ang ating tungo? — usisa ko' habang ikinakambiyo sa tersera ang lumalakad na naming sasakyan. — Sa Pansol, maligo tayo...

1947, Juan Rivera Lazaro, Kung umibig ang artista: nobela:


akonito

[ʔɐˌxoː.n̪ɪˈt̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish acónito, from Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton).

(toxicology) aconite (extract or tincture used as a poison and medicinally)


huma

response to a surprising or unexpected comment from someone


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]

act of causing someone to be surprised, shocked, or frightened


upuan

[ʔʊˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

[ʔʊ.pʊˈʔan̪]

act of sitting at the same time (of a number of people)


kunteksto

tl-noun

kunteksto (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of konteksto.


agnostika

agnóstiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

agnóstiká (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


halik

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajək (“smell, sniff, kiss”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək (“smell”). Compare Ilocano agek, Kapampangan ayik, Bikol Central hadok, Cebuano halok, and Waray-Waray harok.


yakap

ᜌᜃᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
yacap (alternative)
akap (alternative)

(figurative) ready acceptance or taking in of a principle or doctrine

attachment to something to the side surface of another by nailing together (as a support or reinforcement)


hagikhik

hagikhík (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜒᜃ᜔ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagikgik (alternative)

From *hikhik + *-ag-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikhik (“snicker, giggle; high-pitched laughter”). Compare agik-ik.

outburst of suppressed laughter; snicker


halimaw

ᜑᜎᜒᜋᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
halimao (alternative)
halimau (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay harimau (“tiger”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-maquŋ (“wild feline”). Compare Ilocano ulimaw, Kapampangan ulimo, Cebuano halimaw, Maranao arimaw, and Tausug halimaw.

der

(figurative) brutal person; beast-like person

Halimaw si Bryan, dahil marunong siya ng hindi kumulang sa limang wika.

Bryan is a brilliant person, since he knows no less than five languages.

(colloquial) very talented or intelligent person; beast (someone who is particularly impressive)


lakad

ᜎᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lacad (alternative)
lacar (alternative)
lakar (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, from Proto-Austronesian *lakat. Compare Aklanon eakad (“step over”), Bikol Central lakad (“step”), Ibanag lakad, Ilocano lakad, Kapampangan lakad, and Waima'a laka.

May lakad ka ba ngayon? Gusto mong sumama sa'ming manood ng sine?

Do you have plans today? Want to watch a movie with us?

purpose in going to a certain place; mission; errand

act of approaching someone (as in seeking approval or favorable action on something)

(figurative) trend; progress (of a business, political campaign, etc.)

(figurative) running condition (of a machine, engine, motor, etc.)


tayo

act of erecting something (a building, statue, etc.)

status; condition (of one's project, health, etc.)


awtobus

awtobús (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
otobus (alternative)


reaksiyon

tl-noun

reaksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ or ᜇᜒᜌᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

reaksiyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜇᜒᜌᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
reaksyon (alternative)

[ɾɛ.ʔɐkˈʃon̪]

[ɾɛ.ɐkˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish reacción, from Medieval Latin reāctiōnem.


alkoholismo

alkoholismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜑᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜑᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alcoholismo. By surface analysis, alkohol + -ismo.


palisi

Borrowed from English policy, from Middle English policie, from Old French policie, pollicie and police, from Late Latin politia, classical Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Doublet of polisiya, pulis, and pulisya.


bagsak

bagsák (canonical)
ᜊᜄ᜔ᜐᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bagsac (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bag(ə)sák (“fall to the ground, of something heavy”). Compare Bikol Central bagsak and Cebuano bagsak.

inh

May bagsak si Juan ngayong semestre.


pulmon

Borrowed from Spanish pulmón, from Old Spanish pulmon, from Latin pulmōnem.

Mahina kasi ang pulmon ni Flor.

2007, Joey A. Arrogante, Hangga't alat ang dagat at isang haliging asin: (dalawang novelang gay), →ISBN, page 34:


lelang

Possibly from either:
* a colloquial clipping of Spanish abuela (“grandmother”) + -ng. See also lelong, ninang, ninong, nana, tata, nanang, tatang, tiya, tiyo, tiyang, tiyong, ateng, kuyang, dikong, ditseng.
* Hokkien 老人 (lāu-lâng, “old folk/s”) according to Manuel (1948).


nipa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nipaq (“swamp palm”).


ubod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubuj (“heart of palm, palm-cabbage”). Compare Ilocano ubog, Kapampangan ubud, Aklanon ubad, Cebuano ubod, and Malay umbut. Doublet of buod.

inh

core; central part of certain fruits; pulp


tusok

From Proto-Austronesian *tusuk (“pierce, skewer or string together”). Compare Malay tusuk and Puyuma tusuk.

pierce; pricking; piercing (with a needle, stick, etc.)

puncture; perforation; prick (made by something pointed)


preparasyon

tl-noun

preparasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

preparasyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɾɛ.pɐ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]


ginto

gintô (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
guinto (alternative)

From Hokkien, possibly:
* 金底 (kim-tóe, “gold base”) according to Manuel (1948)
* 金條 /金条 (kim-tiâu, “gold bar”) according to Potet (2016)
* 金豆 (kim-tāu, “piloncitos, pea-sized pieces of gold once used as a currency”) hypothesized by Potet (2016)
See also Hokkien 鍍金 /镀金 (tō͘-kim, “to gold-plate; to gild”). Cognate with Kapampangan gintu.

ncog

Gintong Paracale, mawala man ay di bale.

The gold of Paracale, even if it gets lost, is no matter.


pokpok

ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pok-pok (alternative)
pukpok (alternative)

Reduplication of pok (“bam; bang”), which is onomatopoeic.

(slang, derogatory) prostitute; whore; hoe; skank; hooker; nymphomaniac


alasan

Borrowed from Spanish alazán, from Arabic أَصْهَب (ʔaṣhab, “reddish, reddish-brown”) via Andalusian Arabic.


galis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *garis (compare Indonesian garis, Malay garis).


matapobre

ᜋᜆᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
mata-pobre (alternative)

From Spanish matar (“to kill”) + Spanish pobre (“poor”). Compare matafuego (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire killer”). Later folk-etymologized as Tagalog mata (“eye; to look”) and Tagalog pobre as borrowed from Spanish.


paltok

sudden jerk upward; sudden snap (as done by a click beetle)

sound made by a click beetle when it flips upward

(dialectal) top; summit (of a hill or mountain)


Hispanismo

tl-noun

Hispanismo (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Hispanismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon). Attested from the 1970s.

(common) alternative form of Ispanismo: Hispanism


utang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutaŋ. Compare Sambali otang, Bikol Central utang, Aklanon utang, Cebuano utang,
Tausug utang and Malay hutang.

debt; account; liability or obligation to pay; loan

act of borrowing money, or contracting a loan (as from a bank, etc.)


tinik

tiník (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
tinic (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tənək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tənək, from Proto-Austronesian *Cənək (“thorn”). Compare Ilocano tennek, Bikol Central tunok, Cebuano tunok, Hiligaynon tunok, Maranao tenek, and Tausug tunuk.

May mga tinik ang mga rosas.

alambreng may tinik

barb (point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc.)


balalayka

Borrowed from Spanish balalaica, from Russian балала́йка (balalájka). The sense “homosexual male” is a play on bakla.


sirkon

Borrowed from English zircon, from German Zirkon possibly via French zircon, formed in the 1780s from Arabic زَرْقُون (zarqūn). Doublet of asarkon.


husi

→ Spanish: jusi

Ultimately from Hokkien, possibly from:
* 富紗 /富纱 (hù se, literally “rich yarn”) or 富絲 /富丝 (hù si, literally “rich silk”), according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 互紗 /互纱 (hō͘ se, literally “intertwining yarn”), according to Manuel (1948)
Compare English jusi, Bikol Central husi, Cebuano husi, and Hiligaynon husi.

jusi (fabric woven from the mixture of abaca, pineapple, and silk fibers)


parke

parke or parké (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ)

parke (canonical)
parké (canonical)
ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ (Baybayin)


palito

Borrowed from Spanish palito, from palo + -ito.


landak

landák (canonical)
ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
landac (alternative)
lanrac (alternative)
lanrak (alternative obsolete)

Tiyak na babaha kapag hindi tumigil ang landak.

It will surely flood if the rain did not stop.

muddiness of the basement of houses on silts, due to rain, or many people


apuntador

apuntadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

apuntadór (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.pʊn̪.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]


kural

kurál (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
koral (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Spanish corral, from Vulgar Latin *currale (“place for keeping a chariot”), from currus (“chariot”).

der

pen; corral; stockade (enclosure for animals)


ahas

From Proto-Central Philippine *hálas (“snake”) with elision of /l/ and metathesis. Compare Masbatenyo ahas, Bikol Central halas, Aklanon haeas, Cebuano halas, Hiligaynon halas, Waray-Waray halas, Surigaonon hayas, and Tausug hās.

(pathology) a kind of skin disease (eruption)

(by extension, colloquial) leading away someone's spouse or lover


kompresor

tl-noun

kompresór or kompresor (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

kompresór (canonical)
kompresor (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish compresor, from New Latin compressor. English-influenced pronunciation from English compressor.


soltada

Borrowed from Spanish soltada, feminine singular past participle of soltar (“to release”).


personalan

personalan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

personally attacking or criticizing someone based on personal or sensitive things


lagas

Possibly related to Malay ragas (“pulling hair”).

falling off (of leaves, petals, or fruits)

(figurative) loss of lives (as among soldiers in combat)


konde

konde (feminine kondesa, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish conde, from Latin comitem, accusative singular of comes.


lambi

small anatomical protrusion (such as an earlobe or earlap)


Inglesero

Inglesero (feminine Inglesera, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ)

Inglesera (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
Englishero (alternative colloquial)
englishero (alternative colloquial)
Ingglesero (alternative)
Inglisero (alternative)
Ingglisero (alternative)

[ʔɪŋ.ɡlɛˈsɛː.ɾo]

Anglophone; person who habitually speaks English (especially in a mostly non-English-speaking community)


hayag

condition of being known to people (of a secret)

place that is exposed for everyone to see


datu

[ˈd̪aː.t̪ʊʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Compare with Fijian ratu, Javanese ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu), and Malay datu. Doublet of dato.

datu (title denoting a ruler of various pre-colonial and modern indigenous peoples of the Philippines)


sanggol

sanggól (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sangol (alternative)


masamang-loob

masamáng-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

masamáng-loób (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From masama (“bad; evil”) + -ng- + loob (“will”).

af

bad guy; villain; people with bad intentions


pulis

pulís (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
polis (alternative dated)

Borrowed from English police, from Middle French police, from Latin polītīa, from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía). Compare Cebuano polis. Doublet of palisi, polisiya, and pulisya.


pahot

the tonguefish species Cynoglossus lingua, Cynoglossus puncticeps, Cynoglossus suyeni, and Symphurus marmoratus, indigenous to southeast Asia


baat

metal ring or a split rattan hoop used to wound around and reinforce handles of knives, bolos, chisels, etc.

adjustable rattan headband inside certain native hats or helmets to fit the head of the wearer


waak

May malaking waak sa hinahabi kong tela.

There is a long rip on the fabric I am weaving.


kusa

kusà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜐ (Baybayin)
cosa (alternative)


pasok

From Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”). Compare Malay masuk.

(by extension) infiltration; trespassing

Walang pasok sa Bagong Taon.

Maaga ang pasok ko bukas kaya hindi ako dapat magpuyat.

I have work early tomorrow so I shouldn't stay up late.


hayon

The latter half of the word is possibly iyon /yaon. See also niyon /noon, gayon /ganoon, doon, heto, hayan /ayan, ayon /ayun, and other demonstrative pronouns.

act or ability to carry on until the end


luses

Borrowed from Spanish luces, plural of luz (“light”), from Latin lūcem.


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC (“skin”).

act of shaving the head close to the scalp


balat-sibuyas

tl-noun

balát-sibuyas (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔)

balát-sibuyas (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From balat (“skin”) + sibuyas (“onion”), literally “onion-skinned”.

compound

Matindi ang trahedya sa pelikula; hindi ito para sa mga balat-sibuyas!

The tragedy in the film is intense; it is not for crybabies!

(idiomatic) someone who is easily bruised or cut


sibuyas

Early borrowing from Spanish cebollas, plural of cebolla (“onion”), demonstrating seseo and yeísmo.


adaptasyon

tl-noun

adaptasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adaptasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
adaptasiyon (alternative)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


kapal ng mukha

kapál ng mukhâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ)

kapál ng mukhâ (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

From kapal (“thickness”) + ng (“of”) + mukha (“face”).

compound

(idiomatic, derogatory) condition of shamelessness; obnoxiousness; being egotistical


mukha

mukhâ (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)
moc-ha (alternative)
mucha (alternative)
muc-ha (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “face; mouth”). Compare Malay muka.

bor+

(figurative, obsolete) page (one side of a leaf of a book)


lealista

Borrowed from Spanish lealista. By surface analysis, leal + -ista.


kokaina

tl-noun

kokaina (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜃᜁᜈ or ᜃᜓᜃᜌᜒᜈ)

ᜃᜓᜃᜁᜈ (Baybayin)
ᜃᜓᜃᜌᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
kokayna (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cocaína, from French cocaïne.


kodeina

kodeina (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌ᜔ᜈ or ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜁᜈ)


itim na butas

itím na butas (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔)

itím na butas (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˌt̪ɪm n̪ɐ ˈbuː.t̪ɐs]

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see itim, na, butas.


noor

noor (canonical)
noór (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
nuor (alternative)


alegato

Borrowed from Spanish alegato, from Latin allēgātus.


inda

feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc.


inda

indâ (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
inra (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inda (“mother”). Compare Kapampangan inda. See also inday.


restoran

restorán or réstorán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

restorán (canonical)
réstorán (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
restauran (alternative dated)
restawran (alternative)

Ultimately from French restaurant, either through Spanish restorán or English restaurant.


bilo

cylindrical roll (of paper, cloth, etc.)

act of shaping or making something into a small, cylindrical roll


bilo

Possibly from Hokkien either:
* 米粩 (bí-láu, “confection made from rice”), according to Manuel (1948).
* 米糯 (bí lō, literally “glutinous rice”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).

act of shaping kneaded flour or rice flour into ball-shaped lumps


bilo

(obsolete) any ball-shaped object (such as lumps of wax, lard, etc.)


hina ng loob

hinà ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hinà ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)


palay

→ Chavacano: palay

→ Spanish: palay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay. Cognate with Kapampangan pale, Ilocano pagay, Malay padi, Javanese ꦥꦫꦶ (pari), Tausug pāy, Tetum hare, and Central Dusun parai.


bangus

bangús (canonical)
ᜊᜅᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bang̃os (alternative)
bangos (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *baŋús. Compare Bikol Central bangus, Cebuano bangus, Eastern Bontoc fiangos, and Kapampangan bangus.

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual


nasyon

Borrowed from Spanish nación, from Latin nātiōnem.


ampalaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria (“bitter melon”). Compare Ilocano paria, Pangasinan palya, Kapampangan apalia, Masbatenyo ampalaya, Cebuano paliya, Tausug paliya', Indonesian peria, Javanese ꦥꦫꦺ (paré), and Malay peria. Doublet of apalya.


goli

goli (canonical)
golì (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Goli na!


bayan

Contraction of bahayan (“place of houses or buildings”), from bahay + -an. Compare Kapampangan balen.

contraction

(obsolete) space between the ground and the sky


baho

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq. Compare Cebuano baho, Chamorro pao (“smell”), Hawaiian hauhau, Maranao bau (“smell”), Malay bau (“smell”), Palauan bau (“smell”), and Tausug bahu (“smell”). See also Spanish vaho.


baho

Borrowed from Spanish bajo, from Late Latin bassus.


kaha

Borrowed from Spanish caja, from Latin capsa possibly via Catalan caixa or Occitan caissa.


disgrasya

tl-noun

disgrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪsˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]


boykot

Borrowed from English boycott, used as early as the Marcos era.

Dito pinasasagot sa tatlong tanong ang mga batang may isip na: Una, "Ano ang ibig, sabihin ng boykot para sa inyo"; pangalawa, "Naniniwala ba kayo na dapat magkaroon ng boykot? Bakit?"

Mahabang panahon ng rehimeng buktot, / Labingwalong taong liko at baluktot, / Umaalingasaw na gobyernong bulok. / Simulang lansagin sa bisa ng boykot!

2008, Poetika/politika: tinipong mga tula, UP Press, →ISBN, page 33:


salinidad

salinidád (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜒᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


albondigas

albondigás (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔)

albondigás (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


lampas

lampás (canonical)
ᜎᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
langpas (alternative obsolete)
lingpas (alternative obsolete)
lagpas (alternative)

From earlier langpas with the /ŋ/ turning to /m/ before /p/ due to assimilation. Alternatively, from Proto-Philippine *lampás (“go beyond, be excessive”), according to Blust (2023). Compare Bikol Central lampas, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lampas, Cebuano lapas. Doublet of lagpas.

der

exceeding; surpassing; going past (of boundaries, standards, race, etc.)

amount, length, width, or distance exceeded


lampaso

Borrowed from Spanish lampazo, from the neuter of Latin lappāceus, from Latin lappa (“burdock”).


aduwana

[ʔɐˈd̪waː.n̪ɐ]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of adwana.


adwa

adwâ (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
arua (alternative)
aroua (alternative)
aduwa (alternative)
arwa (alternative obsolete)

(pathology) nausea; feeling of sickness at the stomach with an impulse to vomit


adya

adyâ (canonical)
adyá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
adiya (alternative)

salvation; redemption or delivery, as from sin, danger, etc.


tiple

Borrowed from Spanish tiple. See also triple.


sedula

Borrowed from Spanish cédula, from Medieval Latin cedula, from Latin schedula. Doublet of iskedyul.

community tax certificate; residence certificate


istambay

Borrowed from English stand by. Compare Cebuano estambay.


demokrata

demókratá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜆ (Baybayin)


akselerasyon

tl-noun

akselerasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akselerasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English acceleration influenced by Spanish aceleración, from French accélération or directly from Latin accelerātiō.

pseudo-loan

(common) alternative form of aselerasyon


pisil

From Proto-Austronesian *pisəl (“to pinch; to squeeze; to knead”).

inh

tight hold of the hand; hand pressure, as in holding something


martir

Borrowed from Spanish mártir (“martyr”), from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


impis

condition of being deflated or sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


sabit

hanging of an object (on a nail, hook, etc.)

condition of being caught on a nail, hook, etc. while in a hurry

tear or rip caused by being caught on a nail, hook, etc.


eks

Borrowed from English ex, the English name of the letter X /x.

the name of the Latin-script letter X/x, in the Filipino alphabet


absolutista

tl-noun

absolutista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
absulutista (alternative)


hukom

hukóm (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜃᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
hocom (alternative)
hucom (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm, “judgment”), possibly through Malay hukum. Compare Kapampangan ukum, Maranao kukum, Tausug hukum.

bor+

judge of a contest or a dispute settlement


huwes

Borrowed from Spanish juez, from Latin iūdex. Doublet of suwis.


kulintang

kulintáng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
kulintangan (alternative)
kulintan (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulintaŋ. Compare Tboli klintang, Yakan kwintangan, Indonesian kolintang, Indonesian kelenteng, Javanese ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦁ (klénthéng).


ehe

Borrowed from Spanish eje, from Old Spanish exe, from Latin axem. Doublet of aksis.


paos

ᜉᜂᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pa-os (alternative obsolete)

From Southern Proto-Philippine *paʔus (“hoarse”). Compare Bikol Central paas, Cebuano paas, Kinaray-a paus, Cuyunon paus, Hiligaynon paus /laus, Waray-Waray laus.


paos

paós (canonical)
ᜉᜂᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pa-os (alternative obsolete)


estereotipo

tl-noun

estereotipo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
isteryotipo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish estereotipo, ultimately from Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”) and τύπος (túpos, “mold, cast”).


halari

[hɐˈlaː.ɾɪʔ]


lantana

[lɐn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Lantana camara
Lantana camara#Translingual


putat

something taken or eaten as appetizer or to prevent surfeit


tabi

act of staying or passing along the side or border (of a road, river, etc.)

condition of being adjacent or being close together

act of keeping something in a safe place

act of saving for the future (especially of money)


howe

Borrowed from Hokkien 好的 (hó--ê, “significant other; boyfriend; girlfriend; sweetheart; soulmate”, literally “the good one”).

bor+

significant other; romantic partner; boyfriend; girlfriend; lover; sweetheart; soulmate


balato

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish barato. Doublet of barat and barato.

Minsan, nilapitan niya ako at binigyan ng balato na kung ilang libong piso. Masayang masaya ako, hindi ako tumaya pero para akong nanalo, hinalikan ko siya sa batok kasabay ang biro kong, “Ito lang ba?”

2003, Ligaya Tiamson-Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Bukal ng sining:

At one time, he approached me and gave me a consolation of around some thousand pesos. I'm very happy, I didn't made a bet but I felt like I won, that I kissed him on the neck along with a chuckle, "Is this it?"

(gambling) share of money or kind given away as goodwill by the winner (in gambling, a business deal, etc., especially in a game of balikutsa)


sumite

Borrowed from Spanish someter, from Latin summittere.

act of submission (of requirements, documents, etc.)


sinat

ᜐᜒᜈᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
saynat (alternative)
sanat (alternative)

Compare Kapampangan senat /sanat /sinat.


sinat

Schefflera caudata (a smooth woody vine, the leaves of which are given with wine to women after childbirth and with irregular menstruation)


lusero

(astronomy) any bright star; morningstar


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”).

wound; cut (any open injury on the skin)

(figurative) any hurt or injury to one's feelings, reputation, etc.


angas

boastfulness; arrogance (especially in one's words)


angat

slight lifting (of an object from its position)

superiority (in rank, position, standard of living, etc.)


lambit

(Batangas) cursive writing; joined-up handwriting

(rare) act of hanging something; hanging of an object

(obsolete) imploration or plea of a wife toward her husband


ungis

(chiefly western Marinduque) dirt on one's face


pangat

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋat (“to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce”). Compare Ilocano pangat, Pangasinan pangat, Bikol Central pangat, Minangkabau pangat, and Malay pengat.

inh

fish cooked in water and vinegar and salt added


pangat

food (usually leftovers) that has been reheated multiple times for eating


aseton

Borrowed from English acetone, from French acétone. Doublet of asetona.


suam

tl-noun

suam or suám (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ or ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔)

suam (canonical)
suám (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
suwam (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly:
* 漿飲 /浆饮 (chiuⁿ-ám, “to starch with rice water”), as in 漿 /浆 (chiuⁿ, “viscous or thick liquid”) + 泔 (ám, “rice water, starch taken from cooked rice”), according to Manuel (1948). See also 飲漿 /饮浆 (ám-chiuⁿ, “rice water”).
* 煮 (chú, “to cook”) + 泔 (ám, “rice broth”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).

sauteed fish or meat with garlic and ginger made into a broth with rice water


sagi

sideswipe; grazing or light touch made in passing

momentary recollection of something long-forgotten

(colloquial) momentary dropping in while passing by (in a certain place)


undas

undás (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ondas (alternative)
onras (alternative)
undras (alternative)
ondras (alternative)
unras (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish honras (“honors”), earlier spelled as honrras, or variant ondras, plural of honra (“honor; respect”), corrupted by /d/~/ɾ/ allophony. In Spanish pronunciation, ⟨h⟩ is silent. Ultimately from Latin honōrāre. Compare honras fúnebres (“funeral honors”).

All Saints' Day; November 1st (with associations of visiting family's graves)


tinis

tinís or tinis (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

tinís (canonical)
tinis (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
tin-is (alternative)

shrillness; sonorousness; quality of being high-pitched (of one's voice)


laro

larô (canonical)
ᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
daro (alternative)


pagitan

ᜉᜄᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
paguitan (alternative)
pagytan (alternative)
pag-itan (alternative)

[pɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐn̪]

Possibly from syncopic form of pagiitan, from pa- + giit + -an.

space; gap; interval; distance between two points


bubuli

bubulí or bubuli (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜎᜒ)

bubulí (canonical)
bubuli (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Lamprolepis smaragdina
Wikispecies:Lamprolepis smaragdina

emerald green skink (Lamprolepis smaragdina)


pabula

Borrowed from Spanish fábula, from Latin fābula. Doublet of abla and habla.


linis

From Proto-Philippine *linis (“clean”). Compare Bikol Central linig and Pangasinan linis.


insulares

insulares (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
insular (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish insulares, plural of insular.

bor+

(historical) Spaniard born in the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period)


galit

ᜄᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
galet (alternative colloquial)

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


dilim

dilím (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
rilim (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dələm, with root *-ləm. Cognate with Ilocano lidem (“dim”), Asi ruyom (“dark”), Aklanon dueom (“dark”), Cebuano dulom (“moonless; gloomy weather”), Maranao delem (“moonless night; black”), and Tausug dūm (“night”).


satsat

Possibly from Spanish chacharear or Spanish cháchara.


satsat

tonsure; shaved bald patch (cut close to the scalp)


reperi

tl-noun

réperí or reperí (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜇᜒ)

réperí (canonical)
reperí (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌɾɛː.pɛˈɾɪ]

Borrowed from English referee, from Middle English, from past participle of Old French referer (“to relate, to refer”).


kompyuter

tl-noun

kompyuter (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kompiyuter.


sindikato

Borrowed from Spanish sindicato (“trade union”), influenced by English syndicate.


sisig

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of pig's face and belly)


pagtae

[pɐɡˈt̪aː.ʔɛ]


pinton

tall basket woven out of strips of bamboo for storing rice


seksismo

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Attested since the 1990's. Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English sexism due to the late attestation. See also Spanish sexismo.

pl

Si Aida ang sangkalan. Taludturang may tatag-tibay ang aagapay, sasalo sa dugo ng seksismo.

1990, Ani Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines · Volume 4:


ulon

ulón (canonical)
ᜂᜎᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
olon (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulun (“rest the head on”). Compare ulo.


ulon

(geography, obsolete) small lake or puddle


direkta

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish directa, feminine singular of directo, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of deretso.


dagis

dagís (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dag-is (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *daʀʔəs (“strain; physical effort”). Compare Pangasinan dages, Kapampangan dayas, Bikol Central dag-os.

(physiology) physical effort to eject or discharge the bowels or the womb as in defecation or childbirth


sinto

mental unsoundness; imbecility; intellectual feebleness; mental deficiency; mental debility


agnos

agnós (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
agnus (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish agnus, short for agnusdéi (“reliquary worn on the neck”), from Latin Agnus Deī (“Lamb of God”), calque of Ancient Greek Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ (Amnòs toû Theoû).

der

Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ


ospital

ospitál (canonical)
ᜂᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
aspital (alternative obsolete)
ispital (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish hospital, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of otel and hotel.


kampon

kampón (canonical)
ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
campon (alternative)
campun (alternative)
kampong (alternative)

Compare Tausug kampung, Javanese ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (kampung), and Malay kampung.

brilliance or excellence of work or appearance


garil

defect in speech; difficulty in pronouncing words


kuripot

→ Ilocano: kuripot

→ Pangasinan: kuripot

→ Tausug: kuriput


tyane

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɛʔ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of tiyane.


Tsino

tl-noun

Tsino (feminine Tsina, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓ)

Tsina (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Chino (alternative)


Tsekwa

tlb

(colloquial, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive)

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
Chekwa (alternative)
tsekwa (alternative)

Possibly from a univerbation of Cebuano Intsik wakang or a blend of Intsik + tokwa, according to Zorc (1993). See also Hokkien 罪過 /罪过 (chě-kòa, “to sin; to commit an offence”).


abentura

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪ˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aventura (“adventure”), from Vulgar Latin *adventura, from Late Latin adventurus, from Latin advenire, adventum (“to arrive”).


anghel

anghél (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
angel (alternative)
anhel (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish ángel, from Late Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos). Doublet of ansilis.


atun

Borrowed from Spanish atún, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic اَلتُّنّ (at-tunn, “tuna”) from Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Doublet of tuna.


bulon

bulón (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bol-on (alternative)
bul-on (alternative dialectal)
bunlon (alternative)

food that blocks the throat resulting to choking


buson

From Spanish buzón, possibly connected to Boso II, king of Provence in the 10th century. From Frankish *bultjo, from Proto-Germanic *bultaz.


arkeologo

tl-noun

arkeólogó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ)

arkeólogó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
arkeyologo (alternative)


sekreta

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
sikreta (alternative)

[sɛˈkɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Clipping of pulis sekreta, calque of Spanish policía secreta. Doublet of sekreto.

secret police; secret service man; detective; plainclothesman


ontologo

ontólogó (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


adorasyon

adorasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adorasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
adorasiyon (alternative)

[ʔɐ.d̪o.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish adoración, from Latin adorātiōnem.


nibel

Borrowed from Spanish nivel, ultimately from Latin libella. Doublet of lebel.


batak

Compare Cebuano batak, Hiligaynon batak, and Kapampangan batak.

pull towards oneself; drag towards oneself; haul towards oneself

object which one pulls or drags towards oneself

(slang) act of administering an illegal drug (such as methamphetamine, cannabis, etc.)


lagos

lagós (canonical)
ᜎᜄᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
lag-os (alternative)

penetration; piercing through (from side to side)

act of passing through and through (as through a tunnel)


senyal

senyál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinyal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish señal. Doublet of senyales.


lukton

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(ə)tún (“young locust”). Compare Ilocano lukton, Kankanaey lokton, Bikol Central lukton, Aklanon eukton, and Cebuano lukton.


balbas

Borrowed from Spanish barbas, plural of barba. Compare Bikol Central barabas.

Mahaba ang kanyang balbas.


Sta.

tl-noun

Sta. (masculine Sto., Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)


kongreso

ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
konggreso (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish congreso, from Latin congressus.


lingat

inattentiveness; negligence; lack of attention or care


kaban

kabán (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caban (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“storage chest”). Compare Pangasinan kaban Hanunoo kaban, Bikol Central kaban, Aklanon kaban, Cebuano kaban, Maranao kaban, Western Bukidnon Manobo kavan, Tausug kaban, and Malay keban. See also Japanese 鞄(かばん) (kaban, “bag”), Hokkien 合萬 /合万 (kap-bān, “cashbox; till”), Teochew 合萬 /合万 (kap buāng, “safebox”), Cantonese 夾萬 /夹万 (gaap³ maan⁶, “safebox”)

cog

chest; trunk (especially one for clothes)

kaban ng bayan

treasury; coffers (supply or store of money)


kaban

desctree

→ Spanish: caván, caban
→ English: cavan
→ Chamorro: kabån

According to Blust (2010–), it is listed as a loan distributed among many Philippine languages, such as Ilocano kaban, Kankanaey kaban, Pangasinan kaban, Kasiguranin kaban, Bikol Central kaban, Cebuano kaban, Agutaynen kaban, and many more, possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“dry measure for grain etc.”).

inh

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


kaban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“companion, member of a group (of animals or people); friend”). Doublet of kawan.

kabang ibon

tatlong kabang baka

isang kaban ng baboy

isang kabang pukyutan


pulon

act of winding or coiling something on a spool or its equivalent


shabu

shabú (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜌᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
syabu (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese shabu, the Hepburn romaji of シャブ (shabu, “stimulant”) (cf. Indonesian sabu). From the 1980s.

Nakakaramdam siya ng pagnanasa. Mas masidhi ang sumpong ng isang taong bitin o kulang sa sex. Lalo na kung kargado sa gamot o bumatak ng shabu. Tulad ngayong solong nagmumukmok ang kanyang laman.

2000, Tomas F. Agulto, Sa. Ba. Tri: sa masaganang milenyo, →ISBN:

He has sexual desire toward her. The temperament of a person lacking in sex is more intense, especially when he is high on [illegal] drugs or he sniffed shabu, like right now, when his body is sulking solo.

[The police] confiscated a .45-caliber pistol, three improvised shotguns and sachets of suspected methamphetamine, and marked money from the suspects.

2017 July 11, Jamil Santos, '"4 na drug suspect na nanlaban daw sa mga pulis, patay sa buy-bust operation", GMA News Nakuha sa mga suspek ang cal .45 baril, tatlong improvised shotgun at mga sachet ng hinihinalang shabu, at marked money [...]

(informal) methedrine; methamphetamine; crystal meth

(slang) ya ba (tablet containing a mix of methamphetamine and caffeine)


kima

kimâ (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
qima (alternative)
quima (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kima (“giant clam”). Cognate with Malay kima, Palauan kim (“kind of clam”).


sapit

(colloquial) attainment (of one's ambition)


dilis

From Proto-Philippine *dilis (“long-jawed anchovy”). Compare Malay bilis.

inh

Stolephorus commersonnii
Wikispecies:Stolephorus commersonnii

Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii)


dilis

From Proto-Austronesian *dələs (“bowstring”).


singil

collection or demanding of payment (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)

fee; amount charged (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)


hagis

throw; cast (towards someone or something)


yayo

tl-noun

yayo (feminine yaya, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌᜓ)

From yaya + Spanish -o, with the root from Philippine Spanish yaya (“nanny; nursemaid”), from Spanish yaya (“granny”). Compare Cebuano yayo, Catalan iaio, Aragonese yayo.

der

(often humorous) male nanny; manny; male caregiver/caretaker


ilat

[ˈʔiː.lɐt̪̚]

dry bed of rivulet (easily flooded during rainy season)

estuary; creek (especially when dry or having just a little water)


latik

latik (solid coconut curds, residue of coconut oil extraction by boiling)

latik (thick, syrupy, caramelized condiment from reducing coconut milk and sugar)


roro

Borrowed from English RORO, acronym of roll-on roll-off.


tutos

(sewing) act of sewing something with loose, temporary stitches


lumbo

(neologism) beaker (used as a laboratory container)


okupante

ᜂᜃᜓᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
ukupante (alternative)


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


pundo

Early borrowing from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Doublet of pondo.


SPG

[ˌʔɛs pɪ ˈd͡ʒɪ]

[ˌʔɛs pɪ ˈd̪jɪ]

Borrowed from English SPG; the meaning being a phono-semantic matching of English strong parental guidance. Coined by Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 2012.

coinage

initialism of striktong patnubay at gabay (“strong parental guidance”), a television content rating in the Philippines used for programs containing mature or disturbing graphic content and subject matter, and/or coarse language that are not suitable for children without parental supervision


penol

Borrowed from Spanish fenol, from French phénol, from Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to clear”) + French -ol.


ekis

ᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ekes (alternative)
equis (alternative)

(figurative) staggering or tottering movement (as of a drunk)


ambon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ambun (“dew, mist, fog”). Compare Aklanon ambon (“fog; mist; haze”) and Malay embun (“dew”).


kaliwa

kaliwâ (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜒᜏ (Baybayin)
caliua (alternative)
caliva (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kali(n)wala with elision of the second /l/, from Southern Proto-Philippine *walah. Compare Bikol Central wala, Asi wala, Aklanon waea, Cebuano wala, Butuanon kawa, Surigaonon waya, and Tausug lawa.


klorin

Borrowed from English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós). The stress shifted to the final syllable. Doublet of kloro.


dinumero

ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜋᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
dinomero (alternative)

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]


halaman

Compare Tausug halaman (“garden; yard”) and Malay halaman (“courtyard”).

(figuratively, colloquial) a person incapable of feeling anything related to love


eskalera

[ʔɛs.kɐˈlɛː.ɾɐ]

(gambling) consecutive number of the same type of card or die


kornik

cornick (a Filipino deep-fried crunchy puffed corn nut snack)


lansa

lansá (canonical)
ᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
langsa (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *laŋsa (“odor of fish, blood”), possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋ(ə)si (“fishy smell”), from Proto-Austronesian *laŋ(ə)si (“unpleasant odor”). Compare Bikol Central langsi, Aklanon eangsa, Cebuano langsa, and Maranao langensa.

characteristic smell of blood (perceived as similar to a fishy smell)


lansa

Borrowed from Spanish lanza, from Old Spanish lança, from Latin lancea, of Celtiberian origin.


adaptador

adaptadór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


motmot

Reduplication of clipping of motel, from English motel in the sense of short-stay hotel, in Philippine English.


patis

Borrowed from Malay petis (“shrimp paste”), from Javanese ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱ꧀ (petis, “fish or shrimp extract”).

der

fish sauce, a byproduct of making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines


senyales

Borrowed from Spanish señales, plural of señal. Doublet of senyal.

sign or indications of good or bad fortune


kupas

fading of color; discoloration (especially of clothes)

(figurative) loss; waning (of strength, beauty, popularity, etc.)


lakas

lakás (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
lacas (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay lekas (“speed”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləkas (“quick, quickly”). Compare Kapampangan lakas (“strength”).

daringness; fearlessness (of one's will or spirit)


bolera

female equivalent of bolero: female flatterer


amatista

ᜀᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
ametista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish amatista (“amethyst”), Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos).


balante

Homalanthus populneus
Wikispecies:Homalanthus populneus

Populneus bleeding heart (Homalanthus populneus)


apostolado

tl-noun

apostolado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apostolado, from Late Latin apostolātus.


dalit

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria


askad

askád (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ascad (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan askad. Compare also Bikol Central asgad.

bitterish acrid taste (as of orange peelings)


kupad

sluggishness; slowness (in moving or doing something)


lapad

From Proto-Philippine *lapad (“wide”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *də(m)paD (“flat and wide”). Compare Pangasinan lapar, Bikol Central lapat, Asi yapar, Cebuano lapad, Aklanon eapad, and Betawi dampar.


lapad

lapád (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lapar (alternative)

act of hitting someone with the broad side of a bolo

Sardinella albella
Wikispecies:Sardinella albella


pekas

Borrowed from Spanish pecas (“freckles”).

bor+

Na may mga pekas sa braso at mga pekas sa likod. Na may damit na asul at mga binti sa ilalim. Lumitaw sa pintuan si batang Lenin na nakapulang shorts na Stretchlon. Nakatayo siya sa isang payat na binti na parang isang tagak at pinilipit ...

2002, Arundhati Roy, Monico M. Atienza, Diyos ng maliliit na bagay, →ISBN:

Lumilitaw sa palibot ng lug ng halamang palay ang mga pekas (lesions) na pahaba, abuhin o krema na kulay-kape sa gilid. Unti-unting pagkamatay o pagkabali- ng hala mang palay sa may liig. Panahon ng Pagdapo ng Sakit Nabubulok ang ...

Naglalaro ang dila ni Nadera sa balag ng alanganin, sa kakatwa, sa mga lingid na puyo ng isip, sa mga singit ng lunggati, sa mga pekas, pasa, singa, at muta ng nakamihasnan nating kalagayan at katotohanan. Naglalandas ang dila ni ...

1993, Ariel Dim Borlongan, Pasintabi ng kayumanggi:

lesions, especially on the skin, usually associated with melasma


tigas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀas (cf. Bikol Central tagas, Cebuano tugas (“molave”), Ibanag nategga (“hard”), Indonesian teras and Malay teras (“heart of wood”), Maranao tegas).

firmness; resolution; inflexibility (in one's decision)

heartwood (wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch)


takip

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *takəp (“cover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta(ŋ)kəp, ultimately a meaning shift from Proto-Austronesian *takəp (“to double in layer”). Compare Kapampangan takap, Bikol Central takop, Hiligaynon takop, and Waray-Waray takop. See also Maranao tekep and Malay tekap.

inh

cover; covering; lid; cap; anything that covers


teks

Borrowed from English text, from Middle English text, from Old French texte (“text”), from Medieval Latin textus, from Latin textus. Doublet of teksto.

act of texting (use of a mobile phone to send text messages)


sakramento

tl-noun

sakramento (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
saclamento (alternative)
saklamento (alternative obsolete)
sakaraminto (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish sacramento, from Old Spanish sagramento, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum.


katekismo

ᜃᜆᜒᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
katikismo (alternative)

Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English catechism, and influenced by Spanish -ismo. Although Spanish catecismo has an older variant, catequismo, it is less likely to be a Spanish loan due to it being attested only since the 1970's.

pseudo-loan

Dahil dito, nagkaroon ng malawakang pag-aaral ng mga etnikong wika. Sumulat ang mga misyonaryo ng mga katekismo at konpesyonal sa mga wikang ito. Ang layuning sumakop ang nagbunsod sa pag-aaral ng mga wika sa Pilipinas.

1978, Wika tungo sa pambansang pagkakakilanlan:


praktiko

práktikó (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


arkitektura

tl-noun

arkitektura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪ.t̪ɛkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish arquitectura (“architecture”), from Latin architectūra.


kritiko

Borrowed from Spanish crítico, from Latin criticus, from Ancient Greek κριτικός (kritikós). Sense 2, semantic loan from English critic.

critic (person who appraises the works of others)


komunismo

tl-noun

komunismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
kumunismo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish comunismo (“communism”).


tabako

Sinuma ni Antero ans kanyang pagkakagastahan : isang daang piso ang ipadadala niya sa kanyang inang sa probinsiya; isang daang ... Nakasubo pa rin ang tabako sa bibig ni Mr. Collas at gagalaw-galaw iyon habang uo ay nasuasalita.

Suot ni Minister Enrile ang isang long-sleeved fatigue jacket sa ibabaw ng bullet-proof vest, asul na pantalong denim at sapatos na canvas.m Si Ten, Hen. Ramos naman ay nakaterno ng ... Nakasubo ang tabako ng Heneral. Nasa likuran ng ...

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta, →ISBN:


tigas ng ulo

tl-noun

tigás ng ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

tigás ng ulo (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪˌɣas n̪ɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]

Ba't 'di ka nakikinig? Ang tigas talaga ng ulo mo!

Why aren't you listening? You're so stubborn!


akto

Borrowed from Spanish acto, from Latin āctus.


kapitalismo

kapitalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


hampas

strike; blow (with an elongated object like a stick or club)

striking; hard blow (as of waves on the shore)


eksperimento

eksperimento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
esperimento (alternative)


aplikante

aplikante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish aplicante. Doublet of aplikant.


katalogo

Borrowed from Spanish catálogo, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalog.


konsento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English consent, influenced by Spanish suffix -o in most Spanish words, from Old French consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre. Doublet of konsenti.


kanibalismo

tl-noun

kanibalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish canibalismo. By surface analysis, kanibal + -ismo.


kompyuteran

kompyúterán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔)

kompyúterán (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kompiyuteran.


lamon

From Proto-Philippine *lamun (“eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole”).

inh

voracious eating; gluttonous eating; gorging; devouring


Agustina

[ʔɐ.ɣʊsˈt̪iː.n̪ɐ]


aresto

[ʔɐˈɾɛs.t̪o]

arrest; capture (by police or authorities)


aspalto

Borrowed from Spanish asfalto, from Late Latin asphaltum, from Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, “asphalt, bitumen”).


komandante

tl-noun

komandante (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kumandante (alternative)


abolisyon

abolisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abolisyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abolición, from Latin abolitiōnem.


igan

Arnold! Kumusta ka, igan?


gilik

powdery substance covering rice husks, straws, and blades of some grass (usually causing irritation or itchiness on the skin)

mud eaten by milkfish, tilapia, etc. (causing them to taste and smell bad)


onse

According to Zorc (1993), the word is possibly either:
* A Spanish-esque pronunciation pun sounding like Spanish once (“eleven”) (see etymology 1), from English once (“one time”), a loose calque of makaisa (“to get one of something; to be able to score a point; to fool someone”). See also wans.
* Related to the double line visuals of the written number 11, possibly about double-dealing. The sense can also be possibly about having a one up (an advantage) above a common arbitrary number 10.
See also maisahan (“to be able to get one-upped”).


gangsterismo

gangsterismo (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


bisa

Borrowed from Malay bisa (“poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”). According to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1860), this is borrowed via Kapampangan. Compare Tausug bisa and Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa). Doublet of birus and virus.

(obsolete) invariable astonishment (used as admiration)

(obsolete, figurative) diligent and hardworking man

(obsolete, by extension) virtue of some herb


akustiks

akustiks (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English acoustics. Doublet of akustiko.


kibo

breaking of silence; start of talking (with someone who one has not been with speaking terms with for some time)


pramis

Borrowed from English promise, from Middle English promis, promisse, from Old French promesse, from Medieval Latin prōmissa, Latin prōmissum.

Pramis, di na ako uuwi nang gabing-gabi na. Pramis? Pramis.

Promise, I won't go home late. Do you promise? I promise.

Anong nangyari sa pramis mo?


imis

From Proto-Southern Philippine *himəs (“put away”). Compare Hanunoo imos, Aklanon himos, Cebuano hipos, Waray-Waray himos, and Western Bukidnon Manobo himes.

act of cleaning or tidying up a place (by keeping things in their proper places)


alalahanin

alalahanín (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


baul

baúl (canonical)
ᜊᜂᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜊᜏᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
baol (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish baúl, from French bahut, from Old French bahur.


komunidad

komunidád (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


merkado

Borrowed from Spanish mercado, from Latin mercātus.


kerido

kerido (feminine kerida, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒᜇᜓ)


kamay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamay, from Proto-Austronesian *kamay (“hand”). Cognate with Amis kamay (“hand”).

clock or watch hand (index or pointer on a dial)


idra

Borrowed from Spanish hidra, from Latin hydra, from Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra).


miki

Borrowed from Hokkien 麵鹼 /面碱 (mī-kiⁿ, “alkaline noodles”) as per Manuel (1948). Compare Philippine Spanish miqui. See also Taiwanese Hokkien 大麵鹼 /大面碱 (tōa-mī-kiⁿ).

bor+

alkaline noodles (usually yellow, made using flour mixed with lye or alkali)


inso

insó (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
inzo (alternative obsolete)

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引嫂 (ín-só), 姻嫂 (in-só), or 𪜶嫂 (in-só).

sister-in-law (wife of an elder brother)


musika

Borrowed from Spanish música, from Latin mūsica, from Ancient Greek μουσική (τέχνη) (mousikḗ (tékhnē), “(art) of the Muses”).

der

μουσική (τέχνη)


awak

overflow or gush of large volumes of water from a container, river or a body of water


tansan

tl-noun

tansan or tansán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔)

tansan (canonical)
tansán (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Japanese 炭酸(たんさん) (tansan, “carbonated; carbonic acid”), an ellipsis of 炭酸飲料(たんさんいんりょう) (tansan inryō, “carbonated drink”), a genericized trademark by Clifford-Wilkinson Tansan Mineral Water Co., Ltd. popular in the Philippines in the early 20th century, initially romanized and introduced as "TANSAN" on metal bottlecaps and on English marketing material.

ja-r

bottlecap (especially of soft drink bottles)


alegoria

[ʔɐ.lɛ.ɣoˈɾiː.ɐ]


sesante

ᜐᜒᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
sisante (alternative)


walis

walís (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ualis (alternative)

manner in which a place was swept (with a broom)

Sida rhombifolia
Wikispecies:Sida rhombifolia


walis

(obsolete) act of taking a different path (due to not being able to pass through the other path)


budin

budín (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
buding (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish budín, from English pudding, ultimately from Latin botellus. Doublet of puding.

(chiefly Quezon) cassava cake with pudding-like consistency


ubaya

ubayà (canonical)
ubaya (canonical)
ᜂᜊᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊˈbaː.jɐʔ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit उभय (ubháya, “in both ways, of two sides”). Compare baya, Cebuano baya, Malay bahaya, Sanskrit भय (bhayá).

bor+

tolerance; respect for another's opinion


plantita

tl-noun

plantita (masculine plantito, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ)

plantito (masculine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult woman who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic [from 2020]


plantito

plantito (feminine plantita, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

plantita (feminine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult man who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic


diyamante

ᜇᜒᜌᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
diamante (alternative)
dyamante (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish diamante, from Old French diamant, from Latin adamantem (“hardest steel; diamond”), influenced by δια- (dia-); from Ancient Greek ἀδάμᾱς (adámās, “unconquerable, invincible”).

der

diamond (especially of second-class quality)


inat

inat (canonical)
inát (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈʔiː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


sabo

large group; large flock (of birds or other animals, especially those attracted by a decoy)

attraction of a large group (towards a woman, decoy, etc.)


dungon

tl-noun

dungon or dungón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔)

dungon (canonical)
dungón (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
dong̃on (alternative)
dun͠gon (alternative)
dun͠gun (alternative)
dungun (alternative)
dungul (alternative)

Heritiera littoralis
Wikispecies:Heritiera littoralis

looking-glass mangrove (Heritiera littoralis)


alaska

Root word of alaskador (“one who loves to tease people”), with the etymology uncertain. The old meaning may have referred to “someone who always wants to be above others”, coined from the catchphrase of the milk-producing company Alaska, with tagline “Wala pa ring tatalo sa Alaska”, literally, “Still, no one can beat Alaska”. This meaning being associated with boastfulness and condescension made its sense shift to the current meaning.

lit

act of teasing, making fun of, riduculing, or vexing


terorismo

tl-noun

terorismo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


banato

Mallotus philippensis
Mallotus philippensis#Translingual


anyo

anyô (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
aniyo (alternative obsolete)

(philosophy) form (primary essence or nature of things)


anyo

Borrowed from Spanish año (“year”), from Old Spanish anno, from Latin annus.


alegriya

[ʔɐ.lɛˈɡɾiː.ɐ]


amerikana

ᜀᜋᜒᜇᜒᜃᜈ (Baybayin)
kana (alternative clipping)

[ʔɐ.mɛ.ɾɪˈxaː.n̪ɐ]


salatan

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan (“south, south wind”). Compare Cebuano salatan, Maranao salatan, Waray-Waray salatan, Malay selatan, Indonesian selatan.


salanta

Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit श्रान्त (śrāntá, “fatigued”).
* From sa- + Sanskrit रण्ड (raṇḍa, “maimed; crippled”).

prefix

condition of being badly damaged or ruined (as by a typhoon)

cripple; infirm; physically disabled person

condition of being physically disabled (of a person)


anabaptismo

tl-noun

anabaptismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜊᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜊᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

alternative letter-case form of Anabaptismo


nihilismo

nihilismo (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish nihilismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, rehabilitasyon), derived from Latin nihil + -ismo.


kulto

kulto or kultó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

kulto (canonical)
kultó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

religious worship, ceremony, or service (especially non-Catholic services)


bayle

Borrowed from Spanish baile (“dance”). Compare Tausug bayla.


biko

Borrowed from Hokkien 米糕 (bí-ko, “rice cake”).


bonete

Borrowed from Spanish bonete, from French bonnet.

(colloquial) anything resembling a bonnet (hat) in shape or use


alulod

alulód (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
alulor (alternative)

rain gutter; water trough (usually under an eave or along the lower edge of a roof)


sentral

sentrál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


dukado

Sa isang dukado ng Albanyang s'yudad, doon ko nakita ang unang liwanag, yaring katauha'y utang kong tinanggap, sa Duke Briseo na ama kong liyag!

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya:


platon

platón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
palaton (alternative)


panara

From pan- + sara, literally “material for closing something up” with nasal assimilation.


panara

[pɐˈn̪aː.ɾɐ]

Clipping of Early Modern Spanish empanada. Doublet of empanada.


moryon

someone who makes a vow during Holy Week in Marinduque who wears a painted mask and a Roman costume

(mineralogy) morion (mineral); smoky quartz


sugal

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugar (“to play”). Doublet of huwego.


baang

Mahabang lubha ang baang mo.