salbahe

Borrowed from Spanish salvaje (“wild; savage”).

bor+

(by extension) person who is notoriously cunning or abusive


bukas

bukás (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bucas (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu(ŋ)kas, from Proto-Austronesian *bukas (“to release; to undo”).

inh

(by extension) turning on or powering on a machine


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Kapampangan abala, Pangasinan abala, and Casiguran Dumagat Agta abala. Zorc (1979) posits the senses “busy; preoccupied” were borrowed from Pangasinan abala, from Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”) with semantic shift.

Ang matagal na problema ng trapik sa mga kalsada ay isang matinding abala sa mamamayan.

The long-time problem of road traffic is a heavy burden to people.

(colloquial) act of borrowing from someone


suwerte

ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
suerte (alternative)
swerte (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish suerte (“luck”), from Old Spanish suerte, from Latin sortem.


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]

act of stretching or straightening (one's arms, legs, body, etc.)

act of pressing something to make it flat or even (such as wrinkled clothes)

(colloquial) act of giving a blow or strike (to someone)


higante

Borrowed from Spanish gigante (“giant”). Displaced tayarak.

Malapit nang maubos ang mga higante.

2002, Komunikasyon 3' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 174:

Tinawag ni Ben ang iba pang mga higante sa kagubatan. Nang magdatingan ang mga ito, tinulungan nila si Rufo hanggang maiahon nila ito sa kumunoy.

2005, Sigay 6' 2005 Ed.(wika at Pagbasa), Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 289:

Ben called the other giants from the forest. When they came, they helped Rulfo until they brought him out of the quicksand.


sapat

condition of being sufficient or adequate


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


tatsulok

tatsulók (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blend of tatlo (“three”) + sulok (“corner”), coined in the 20th century.

blend

Marami ang nakakasal noon nang hindi man lamang nagkakapahayagan ng mga nilalaman ng dalawang puso, subali't lubhang marami noon ang masasabi nating masasayang tahanan na hindi nakaalam ng tatsulok ng pagibig .

1938, Institute of National Language (Philippines), Publications, volume 4, numbers 2-27:


pikon

Possibly related to Hokkien 被告 (pǐ-kò, “accused”).

siege or encirclement for capturing enemies, escapees, etc.


upod

condition of being already made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


upod

wearing out or becoming worn-out at the business end (of a sole of a shoe, point of a pencil, etc.)


atomismo

Borrowed from Spanish atomismo, stylized as atomo + -ismo.


klase

Borrowed from Spanish clase (“class”), from Latin classis.

klaseng manggagawa

(taxonomy) grouping below phylum and above kingdom

class
grouping below phylum and above kingdom


lapi

thing attached or fastened to another (especially as a reinforcement or support)

joining of a group (such as a political party, association or organization)


GG

[ˈd͡ʒiː.d͡ʒɪ]

(colloquial) short for galunggong (“shortfin scad”)


instruktor

tl-noun

instruktór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

instruktór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊkˈt̪oɾ]


sudeste

Borrowed from Spanish sudeste, from French sud-est.


mayonesa

Borrowed from Spanish mayonesa (“mayonnaise”), from French mayonnaise.


margarin

márgarín (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaɾ.ɡɐˈɾɪn̪]

Borrowed from English margarine, from French margarine (“margarin”), from acide margarique (“margaric acid”), from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”). Doublet of margarina.


ino

calling of attention to a defect or mistake


kumpare

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
kompare (alternative)


limpa

Borrowed from Spanish linfa, from Latin lympha (“(clear) water”), from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē). Doublet of nimpa.


karo

Borrowed from Spanish carro, from Old Spanish carro, from Latin carrus. Doublet of kar.

carriage used to carry an image of a saint in a procession


kareta

[kɐˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish carreta, from Old Spanish carreta, possibly borrowed from Old Catalan carreta, from carro + -eta. Compare Tausug karita', Indonesian kereta, and Malay kereta.

etymon

sled; sledge (framework of boards mounted on wooden runners used to carry passengers and cargo especially on ice drawn by either horse, dogs, reindeer, or one or more people)

pushcart (small long narrow cart that can be pushed or pulled)


basista

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English bassist, influenced by Spanish -ista. Doublet of bahista.


traysikel

tl-noun

tráysikél (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔)

tráysikél (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪ɾaɪ̯.sɪˈxɛl]

Borrowed from English tricycle. Doublet of trisiklo.

motorized tricycle (a type of motorized vehicle from the Philippines consisting of a motorcycle attached to a passenger cab)


polbo

polbo or polbó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜊᜓ)

polbo (canonical)
polbó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
pulbo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish polvo. Doublet of pulbos.

any kind of fine particles like powder or dust


sardinas

Borrowed from Spanish sardinas, plural form of sardina, from Latin sardina, from Ancient Greek σαρδίνη (sardínē). The figurative sense is from the analogy of a fully packed vehicle likened to a can of sardines.


tistis

act of sawing, cutting, trimming, or paring longitudinally or along the grain (of lumber)

act of removing fibers from cloth, strips of palm, etc.


inspektor

inspektór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

inspektór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ispektor (alternative)

inspector (person employed to inspect something)

(law enforcement) inspector (police officer ranking below superintendent)


imos

cape; headland; promontory land in between the tributary of two rivers


kalang

Said to be from Spanish calar (“to pierce with a sharp instrument”).

der

(figurative, obsolete) suffering for someone else's wrongdoings


termos

Borrowed from English thermos, a genericized trademark from the company, Thermos LLC.


ligat

[ˈliː.ɣɐt̪̚]

delicious consistency (esp. of cooked rice, tubers, etc.)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

intrigue; machination; clandestine scheme

(colloquial) scandalous gossip or rumors (usually on celebrities)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of entrega.


karmin

Borrowed from Spanish carmín, from French carmin.


marites

tl-noun

márités or marités (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

márités (canonical)
marités (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Marites (alternative capitalized)

[ˌmaː.ɾɪˈt̪ɛs]

By folk etymology, from Mare, ito ang latest (literally “Sis, here's the latest”), but actually after Marites, the eponymous character in TikTok videos by content creator Justine Luzares in 2020. The senses “buzz; gossip” emerged by 2021.

Pagkalipas ng anim na buwan, dumarating sa punto na nagkasakit tayo noong bata pa, pagkatapos ay sasabihin ng mga Marites sa tabi “ Hindi pa kasi nabibinyagan 'yang batang 'yan, baka nilulukob na ng demonyo.”

2021, Crey Bonifacio, Tagpi: Mga Aral Na Mula Sa Walang Kwentang Karanasan:

After six months, we get to the point we get sick when we were young, then the gossipers at the corner will say, "That kid's not baptized yet. He/she might be possessed by evil spirits."

Ano'ng marites, 'day?


imbalsamo

imbálsamó (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


multo

Early borrowing from Spanish muerto (“dead”) with sound shift of /ɾ/ to /l/ and stress shift following a closed penultimate syllable, from Vulgar Latin *mortu(s), from Latin mortuus. Doublet of muwerto.


siya

siyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
sha (alternative Internet colloquial)
xa (alternative Internet colloquial)
sya (alternative)
s'ya (alternative contraction informal)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Kapampangan iya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Ang belong ito ay siyang ginawa ng kanyang lola.

This veil is the very same one which her grandmother made.

the one; the identical one; the very same


siya

siya (canonical)
siyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Early borrowing of Spanish silla, from Old Spanish siella, from Latin sella. Doublet of silya.

siya ng kabayo

siya ng bisikleta

Nakasabit sa dingding ang mga siya ng kabayo na may iba-ibang palawit na estribo.

1989, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, translated by Thelma B. Kintanar, Daigdig ng Tao, Solidaridad Publishing House, page 30:

The horse saddles with different stirrups are hanging on the wall.


siya

Borrowed from Hokkien 謝 /谢 (siā, “regards to; thanks; gratefulness”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

(by extension) only used in kasiya, sufficiency; adequacy

(by extension) only used in pasiya, decision; determination


taol

taól (canonical)
ᜆᜂᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
taul (alternative)

(pathology) (attack of) convulsion (especially in children and infants)


sentimos

séntimós (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish céntimos, plural of céntimo (compare apostoles, materyales, opisyales, and rekisitos).

alternative form of sentimo (singular or plural)


inmigrante

tl-noun

inmigrante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
imigrante (alternative common)

[ʔɪn̪.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɪ.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


gumamela

ᜄᜓᜋᜋᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
gomamila (alternative)
gumamila (alternative obsolete)

→ Chamorro: guma'mela

[ɡʊ.mɐˈmɛː.lɐ]

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


sando

Possibly of Japanese origin, according to Potet (2016) and the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. Compare Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji), Assamese English sando-ganji, Kapampangan sandu and Hindi सैंडो गंजी (saiṇḍo gañjī). Another theory says that the word is named after German vaudeville showman and bodybuilder Eugene Sandow (1867-1925) who wore a sleeveless shirt when showing off his muscles.

cog

স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি

Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji)

sleeveless undershirt; tank top; wifebeater; singlet; vest


ligata

[lɪˈɣaː.t̪ɐʔ]

(medicine) pimple-like growth on the skin; itchy blotch or whelk on the skin


gaban

Borrowed from Spanish gabán, from Arabic قَبَاء (qabāʔ).


abelyana

Borrowed from Spanish avellana, from Latin abellana.


adelpa

[ʔɐˈd̪ɛl.pɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish adelfa, from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).


agila

[ˌʔaː.ɣɪˈla]

Borrowed from Spanish águila (“eagle”), from Latin aquila. The sense “fish corral” is due to its shape resembling an eagle with its wings open.

(fishing) kind of shallow-water fish corral provided with a semicircular enclosure having two opposite, tapering ends that lead into two pounds


aginaldo

Borrowed from Spanish aguinaldo, from variant aguilando, possibly from corruption of Latin hoc in annō, an expression used as a refrain in popular New Year songs.

aguinaldo; Christmas or New Year present


diin

diín (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
riin (alternative)

From Proto-Southern Philippine *dəqən (“press down on”). Compare Bikol Central duon, Cebuano duon, Waray-Waray duon, and Tboli dken.


alagad

alagád (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜄᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
alagar (alternative)

[ʔɐ.lɐˈɣad̪̚]


alang-alang

tl-noun

alang-alang (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜅ᜔ᜀᜎᜅ᜔)

[ˌʔaː.lɐŋ ˈʔaː.lɐŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *alaŋ alaŋ.


algodon

algodón (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜄᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
algudon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish algodón. Doublet of koton.


alhebra

Borrowed from Spanish álgebra, from Arabic الْجَبْر (al-jabr). Doublet of aldyibra.


alibangbang

tl-noun

alibangbáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔)

alibangbáng (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
alibambang (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-baŋbaŋ (“kind of tree with leaves shaped like butterflies”), from Proto-Austronesian *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world) + Proto-Austronesian *baŋbaŋ (“butterfly, moth”).

inh

small, roadside, yellow-winged butterfly

Malabar orchid tree; Malabar bauhinia (Piliostigma malabaricum)


alkansiya

tl-noun

alkansiyá or alkansiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

alkansiyá (canonical)
alkansiya (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
alkansia (alternative dated)
alkansya (alternative)
arkansiya (alternative)

piggy bank; money box (or any kind of coin container)


alkitran

alkitrán (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alquitrán, from Andalusian Arabic اَلْقَطْرَان (al-qiṭrán), from Arabic اَلْقِطْرَان (al-qiṭrān, “tar”).

der

اَلْقَطْرَان

اَلْقِطْرَان

Isang pormula ang nakuha sa Inglaterra , para makayari ng isang likidong pangalis ng barnis, lakre, alkitran, at pintura.

1935, Marcial G. Mendiola, Kabuhayan at tagumpay, Carrsaco Press Company, page 34:

A formula for making a liquid that can remove varnish, lacre, tar and paint was obtained from England.


alpombra

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alfombra, from Andalusian Arabic الحنبل (al-ḥánbal), from Arabic حَنْبَل (ḥanbal, “ceremonial tapestry”).


amba

ambâ (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)
ba (alternative clipping)


amba

ambâ (canonical)
ambá (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)


agwa

Borrowed from Spanish agua (“water”), from Old Spanish agua, from Latin aqua.


agwa

agwá (canonical)
agwa (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
aguwa (alternative)

big splash or surge of water (as when one dives into a river)


agwanta

tl-noun

agwantá or agwanta (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏᜈ᜔ᜆ)

agwantá (canonical)
agwanta (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
aguwanta (alternative)

[ʔɐɡ.wɐn̪ˈt̪a]

[ʔɐɡˈwan̪.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aguanta, from infinitive aguantar, from Italian agguantare, from guanto, which is from Frankish *want.

act of endurance; tolerance (of pain, hardship, misfortune, etc.)


almohadon

almohadón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜑᜇᜓᜈ᜔)

almohadón (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜑᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
almowadon (alternative)
almuwadon (alternative)
almuhadon (alternative)
almwadon (alternative)


ambulansya

ambulansya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ambulansiya.


amihan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS-an. Compare Ilocano amian, Kapampangan amian, Bikol Central amihan, Cebuano amihan, Hiligaynon amihan, Amis amis.


andam

Compare Kapampangan andam or Bikol Central andam.


anila

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.lɐ]


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

clear visibility through transparent or translucent objects

(figurative) attempt to understand; enlightenment


anting-anting

tl-noun

antíng-antíng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

antíng-antíng (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐn̪ˌt̪ɪŋ ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ɪŋ]

Borrowed from Malay anting-anting (“dangling earrings; pendulum”).


antipara

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜇ (Baybayin)
antiparas (alternative)

[ʔɐn̪.t̪ɪˈpaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish antiparras (“spectacles; eyeglasses”).

(dated or dialectal, Quezon) spectacles; eyeglasses; glasses


anyil

Borrowed from Spanish añil, from Arabic النِّيل (an-nīl) via Andalusian Arabic, from Classical Persian نیل (nīl, “indigo”), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭫 (nyl /nīl/), ultimately from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “blue”). Compare Bikol Central anyil, Cebuano anyil, and Hiligaynon anyil. Doublet of lila and nila.

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual

true indigo; indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)


apdo

apdó (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
apro (alternative)
abdo (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapəjux.


apendisitis

tl-noun

apendisitis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


apitong

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (medium hardwood tree used for lumber)


apog

From Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Ilocano apog, Kapampangan api, Bikol Central apog, Hiligaynon apog, and Malay kapur. Doublet of alkampor and kapol.


artikulo

artíkuló (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾˌt̪iː.xʊˈlo]

Borrowed from Spanish artículo, from Latin articulus.

article (of magazines, newspapers, etc.)


asero

Borrowed from Spanish acero, from Late Latin aciārium.

martilyong asero

asero ng pluma


asibar

[ʔɐˈsiː.bɐɾ]


kanibal

kanibál or kánibál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔)

kanibál (canonical)
kánibál (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish caníbal with stress shift, from older caríbal, from caribe, from Kalinago karifuna (“Island Carib person”).


apunta

Borrowed from Spanish apuntar. Doublet of apoynt.

(medicine) onset; sudden attack (of a sickness or ailment)


asinan

[ʔɐˈsiː.n̪ɐn̪]

place where salting preservation is done


asupre

Borrowed from Spanish azufre (“sulfur”), from Old Spanish sufre, from Latin sulfur.


atake

[ʔɐˈt̪aː.xɛ]

(figurative) approach (manner of making or solving)


atay

From Proto-Philippine *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay. Compare Amis 'atay, Bikol Central katoy, Fijian yate, Hawaiian ake, Kapampangan ate, Maori ate, Malagasy aty, Malay hati, Rukai athai, Saaroa 'aci'i, and Tetum aten.

(colloquial) arch of the sole of the foot


atay

[ˈʔaː.t̪aɪ̯]

(uncommon) act of slowly doing something


atsara

[ʔɐtˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɐt̪ˈsaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish achara, possibly from Malay acar, ultimately from Classical Persian آچار (āčār, “pickle, marinade”). Compare English atchara, Indonesian acar and Hindi अचार (acār).

atchara (pickle made from grated unripe papaya originating from the Philippines)


awat

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: awat

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]

reducing or putting out a fire in a stove


babae

ᜊᜊᜁ (Baybayin)
babaye (alternative)
babayi (alternative)
babai (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi. Cognate with Cebuano babaye, Kapampangan babai, Ilocano babai, Mansaka bobay, Maranao bebay, Paiwan vavayan, and Yogad bebay.

Nahuli ko si Tatay na may kasamang babae noong isang gabi sa sa hotel.

I caught Father with her mistress one night in a hotel.

Ipaghalimbawa natin na ang maybahay ay may isang kaibigan na nagsabi sa kaniya na ang kaniyang asawa ay may kasamang babae.

1981, Tomas Quintin D. Andres, Lohika sa kaisipang Pilipino:

Let's use as an example of a wife who has a friend that told her that her husband is out with his mistress.

(electronics, mechanics) female connector; female fastener


bagon

Borrowed from Spanish vagón, from French wagon, from English wagon, from Middle Dutch wagen.

railroad car (US); railway carriage (UK)


bagon

tlb

(dialectal, Quezon, Boac-Mogpog Marinduque)


bagoong

[bɐˈɣoː.ʔoŋ]

From Proto-Northern Philippine *bagúʔung (“salted/picked shrimps or fish”). Compare Ilocano bugguong and Ibanag bagong. Unrelated to Thai กุ้ง (gûng).

bagoong (Philippine condiment made from fermented fish or shrimp with salt)


bagting

Compare Cebuano bagting, Waray-Waray bagting, and Tausug bagting.

rope or wire as an obstacle to prevent entry


bagyo

bagyó (canonical)
ᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bagio (alternative)
baguio (alternative)
bag-yo (alternative)

→ Spanish: baguio

→ Tausug: badju

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀiuh (compare Bikol Central bagyo, Cebuano bagyo, Chamorro påkyo, and Ilocano bagio), from Proto-Austronesian *baʀiuS (“typhoon”) (compare Amis faliyos, Bunun balivus, and Sakizaya baliyus).

(meteorology) typhoon; tropical cyclone; storm; tempest

(figurative, colloquial) bad circumstance that befalls someone


baha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq. Compare Malay bah. See also Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha, “flowing into or towards”).


baha

stoppage (of ration, installment, subscription, etc.)


bahaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaw, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaw. Cognates with Bikol Central bahaw (“cold, referring to food”), and Ilocano baaw (“leftover, cold rice”).

cog

leftover food (especially cooked rice left overnight)


bahaw

process of healing (of wounds, cuts, etc.)


bakalaw

Borrowed from Spanish bacalao, from Dutch bakaliaw.


balahibo

From Southern Proto-Philippine *barahibu (“body hair”). Compare Bikol Central barahibo, Hiligaynon balahibo, and Tausug bahibu.


balangaw

[bɐ.lɐˈŋaʊ̯]

From Proto-Central Philippine *balaŋaw (“rainbow”). Compare Bikol Central balangaw, Cebuano bangaw, Hiligaynon balangaw, Waray-Waray balangaw, and Tausug bāngaw. The senses “triumphal arch” and “congratulation” may be related to the Noahic Covenant.


balani

Ellipsis of batubalani (“magnet”), from Malay batu berani (“magnet”, literally “brave stone”). Doublet of bayani.


balasubas

someone who fails to pay obligations promptly


balatong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balatuŋ. Compare Tausug batung.


balaw

From Proto-Philippine *balaw (“small shrimp sp.”). Compare Ilocano balaw and Bikol Central balaw.

inh

any of a number of species of small shrimp in the genus Acetes (used in bagoong production)


balaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaw (“a tree, probably Dipterocarpus spp.; resinous substance obtained from this tree”). Compare Ilocano balaw, Cebuano balaw, and Malay balau.

illumination set for a person along a pathway


balita

Borrowed from Malay berita, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “news”). Compare Bikol Central bareta and Tausug bayta'.

Pakinggan natin ang balita.

Ayon sa balita'i pan͠galauá itó / ng Principe niyang bantóg sa sangmundó

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Florante at Laura:

Datapuwa't sinabi niya sa kanila, Dapat namang ipangaral ko sa mga ibang bayan ang mabubuting balita ng kaharian ng Dios: sapagka't sa ganito ay sinugo ako.

Makinig sa iyong debateryang radyo para sa mga balita at payo, utos o bilin. Lumikas kapag pinayuhan o inutusan kang gawin ito.

1991, Ang Iyong Pampamilyang Plano Laban sa Sakuna:

Nagbabahala kahapon ang Department of Justice (DoJ) na kakasuhan nito at ipakukulong ang sino mang magkakalat ng maling balita tungkol sa Ebola outbreak.

Sa buong panahon ng 2017, naging regular ang mga negatibong balita tungkol sa kampanya kontra droga ng pamahalaan [...] Sa pagsisimula ng 2018, isang natatanging magandang balita ang namayani—


balota

Borrowed from Spanish balota, from French ballotte, from Italian ballotta.


banaag

[bɐˈn̪aː.ʔɐɡ̚]

[bɐ.n̪ɐˈʔaɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banaqaʀ (“radiance, as of rising sun”).


banas

(colloquial) annoyance caused by sultry weather


bandehado

ᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜑᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
bandihado (alternative)
bandejado (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish bandejado (“tray; platter”), from bandeja + -ado. By surface analysis, bandeha + -ado.


bangka

bangkâ (canonical)
ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)
banca (alternative)
bangca (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkaq (“boat”). Compare Cebuano bangka and Tausug bangka'.

boat; canoe (especially a native sailless boat)


bangkay

bangkáy (canonical)
ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
bangcay (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Kapampangan bangke, and Malay bangkai.


bangketa

[bɐŋˈkɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish banqueta (“sidewalk”, literally “little bench”).


bangko

Borrowed from Spanish banco, from Old French bank, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz. The senses “bench; pew” was borrowed in an earlier stage of the language.


bangon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋun, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋuN. Compare Bikol Central bangon, Cebuano bangon, Hiligaynon bangon, and Malay bangun.


bangon

bangón (canonical)
ᜊᜅᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bang͂on (alternative)

(Batangas) cylindrical or cigar-shaped fish pot made of bamboo splits (for catching freshwater shrimp and eel)


banig

Compare Bikol Central banig, Cebuano banig, and Hiligaynon banig.

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


bansag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ban(ə)sag (“nickname”). Compare Kapampangan bansag.


banta

From Proto-Philippine *bantaq (“to argue with”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bantaq. Compare with Cebuano banta (“to warn someone not to do something; to plan to do harm”), Indonesian, Tausug banta (“enemy; foe; adversary”), and Malay bantah (“altercation”).

cog

May banta sa akin ang mga kaaway ko.

Banta sa seguridad ng bansa ang planong pagpasok ng ilang teroristang grupo mula sa Gitnang Silangan.

The planned entry of terrorist groups from the Middle East constitute a national security threat.


bantay

[bɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

Possibly from Chinese. Compare Hokkien 望 (bāng)臺 /台 (tâi), Hokkien 萬代 /万代 (bān-tāi), Hokkien 向望 (ǹg-bāng), Tagalog abang, and Tagalog antay. Cognates with Bikol Central bantay, Cebuano bantay, Hiligaynon bantay, Kapampangan bante, Maranao bantay, and Waray-Waray bantay.

act of guarding (a person, place, object, etc.)

(endearing) affectionate epithet for a dog


banwa

ᜊᜈ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
banoua (alternative)
banua (alternative)
banuwa (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community”). Compare Ibatan vanua (“port”), Pangasinan banwa (“sun”), Kapampangan banua (“year, sky, heaven”), Cebuano banwa (“homeland”), Hiligaynon banwa (“town”), and Malay benua (“large expanse of land”).

inh

(politics, neologism) state; the government of a country or city-state


bapor

Borrowed from Spanish vapor, from Latin vapor. The sense “steamship; steamboat” is an ellipsis of Spanish barco de vapor.


baraha

Borrowed from Spanish baraja (“deck of cards”), from barajar. Doublet of balasa.


barbero

[bɐɾˈbɛː.ɾo]


barong

barong Tagalog (a Philippine embroidered long-sleeved formal shirt for men)


barong

barong (cutting weapon used by Moros in the Philippines)


basag

From Proto-Philippine *basag (“to crack, break; cracked, broken”).

inh

act of breaking or cracking solid and brittle objects


basag-ulo

From basag + ulo, literally “breaking up of heads”. From the 1930s.


batad

batád (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
batag (alternative)
batar (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batad (“millet or sorghum sp.”). Compare Hiligaynon batad, Cebuano batad, and Maranao bantad.

inh

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual


batidor

batidór (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
batirol (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish batidor. Compare Kapampangan batirul.


batobalani

batobalanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


batok

strike on the nape (especially with one's hand)


batok

batók (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
batoc (alternative)


batok

cowardice or fear felt by someone in danger


bawi

From Proto-Philippine *bawiq (cf. Cebuano bawi).

retrieval; recovery (of one's property, health, etc.)

retraction (of one's words, commitment, etc.)


bayabas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba, from Taíno *wayaba. Compare Bikol Central bayawas, Malay biawas, and Brunei Malay biabas.


bayaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaw. Cognate with Kapampangan bayo, Bikol Central bayaw, Cebuano bayaw, and Waray-Waray bayaw.


baybay

baybáy (canonical)
ᜊᜌ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
bibay (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *baybáy (“beach; shore”). Compare Kapampangan bebe.

inh

guide railing (especially for children learning to walk)

act of tracing or going along the side of a river, street, etc.


bayo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayu (“to pound”).

heavy blows (of punches, attack, wind, etc.)


bendisyon

tl-noun

bendisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

bendisyón (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bendision (alternative obsolete)
bindision (alternative obsolete)
bindisyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bendición, from Old Spanish bendicion, from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictiōnem (“blessing”).

der

(Christianity) absolution (during Confession)


bendita

ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
bindita (alternative)
binrita (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish bendita, feminine of bendito.


bibingka

tl-noun

bibingká or bibingka (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ)

bibingká (canonical)
bibingka (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)
bibinca (alternative)
bibingca (alternative)
bibinka (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Malay bingka (“cake made of rice flour, coconut milk, eggs and plum sugar”) with initial reduplication, as in Malay kuih bingka. The genitalia sense is a semantic loan from Cebuano bibingka (“female genitalia”). Compare Indonesian kue bingka, Macanese bebinca, Cebuano bibingka, Hiligaynon bibingka, Tausug bibingka, Philippine Spanish vivinca /bibinca.

sl

bibingka (rice cake made from rice, coconut, and grated coconut, and wrapped in coconut leaves)


bihag

→ Kapampangan: bihag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (“captive: taken alive in war; to spare: allow to live”). Compare Ilocano biag, Pangasinan bilay, Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, Cebuano bihag, Maranao biyag /oyag, and Malay biar. See also buhay.

inh

Bihagin mo iyang baboy.

(obsolete) act of living or letting something live

(physiology, figuratively, obsolete) erection of a penis


bilad

bilád (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bilar (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”). Compare Cebuano bulad and Tausug buwad.


bilanggo

bilanggô (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
bilango (alternative)

→ Ilocano: bilanggo

[bɪ.lɐŋˈɡoʔ]

Borrowed from Malay belenggu (“shackle”), ultimately from Tamil விலங்கு (vilaṅku, “animal; fetters; shackles; manacles”).

der

(law enforcement, historical, obsolete) bailiff


bilas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biras (“wife's sister's husband”). Compare Kapampangan bilas, Bikol Central bilas, Cebuano bilas, and Malay biras.

inh

co-sibling-in-law; co-sister-in-law or co-brother-in-law


bilin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilin (“order, request, command; message; something left for another”). Compare Tausug bīn.

directions; instructions (given by someone leaving for a while)


monoteismo

tl-noun

monoteismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


binata

[bɪˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]

From bata + -in-. Can be interpreted as “finished in being considered as a child”.


binhi

binhî (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
binghi (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, from Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq. Compare Kapampangan bini and Tausug binhi'.


bino

Borrowed from Spanish vino, from Latin vīnum.


bintana

[bɪn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Early borrowing from Spanish ventana (“window”).

Buksan mo ang bintana.

Maraming bintana kaya maliwanag ang kuwarto.

There are many windows so the room is bright.


bisikleta

Borrowed from Spanish bicicleta, from French bicyclette.

Kaya kung gusto ni Agot na mabasa at pati na rin ang reactions ng netizens ay kanyang mabasa, visit niya ang FB ni Isabel. “For ur perusal aggot maggot isidro!!! bawal mainggit sa gitna ng pandemia^([sic]). Bawal pakialaman post ng iba sa wall nila, bawal din hindi ipost regalo ng kaibigang bisekleta para malaman nilang grateful sila. Bawal kang hindi uminom ng medicines mo para sa aggressive anti-social behaviours mo!!!”

2020, Nitz Miralles, “Agot tinawag ding anti-social, pakialamera”, in Pang-Masa:


bisita

(historical) village chapel; small barrio chapel


biskwit

biskwít (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of biskuwit.


bisyo

ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bicio (alternative obsolete)
bisio (alternative obsolete)
bisiyo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish vicio, from Latin vitium.


bitay

From Proto-Philippine *bítay. Compare Ilocano bitay, Cebuano bitay, Hiligaynon bitay, and Maranao bentay.


obispado

Borrowed from Spanish obispado (“bishopric”).


budhi

budhî (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
burhi (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence; understanding; mind”). Compare Maranao bodhi' and Malay budi.

intuition; faculty of intuitive discernment

(colloquial) sorrow for one's suffering; pity

(obsolete) betrayal; treachery; rebellion

(obsolete) unfaithfulness of a wife to her husband


buhat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat (“do; make; work”). Compare Cebuano buhat and Malay buat.

inh

object being lifted; object being carried


buho

buhò (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜑᜓ (Baybayin)
boho (alternative)
bouo (alternative)
boo (alternative)
buo (alternative obsolete)
buwo (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Austronesian *buluq (“type of slender bamboo; Schizostachyum spp.”) with elision of /l/. Compare Ilocano bolo, Kapampangan bulu, Hanunoo bulo, Aklanon bueo, Cebuano bulo, Maranao bolo, Malay buluh, and Javanese ꦮꦸꦭꦸꦃ (wuluh).


tamis

tamís (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
tam-is (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)mis. Compare Ilocano sam-it, Pangasinan samit, Bikol Central hamis, Cebuano tam-is and Malay manis.


kapsula

Borrowed from Spanish cápsula, from Latin capsula.


bukad

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj (“to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers”). Compare Ilocano bekkag and Maranao bekar.


bukadkad

bukadkád (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜇ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

act of opening one by one (of petals, pages, etc.)


bukal

Possibly related to Spanish brocal. Compare Bikol Central bukal, Hiligaynon bukal, and Ilocano bukal.

spring; natural source of fresh water with continuous flow

(figurative) origin; original source; fountainhead

eruption on the skin (of rash, disease, etc.)


bukana

Cognate with Hiligaynon bukana, from Spanish boca. See also Spanish bocana.

front; threshold (of a house, building, etc.)


bulalakaw

ᜊᜓᜎᜎᜃᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
bolalacao (alternative)
bulalacao (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”). Cognate with Kapampangan bulalako (“meteor”), Cebuano bulakaw (“spirit resembling St. Elmo's fire”), Maranao bolalakaw (“god of fish”), and Tausug bulākaw (“meteor”).


parol

→ English: parol

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Kapampangan parul.


parol

Borrowed from English parol, from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabola, parabula, and palabra.


parol

(obsolete) respect for another by following the person's judgment


halaga

halagá (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜄ (Baybayin)
halga (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Kapampangan alaga, Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).


asido

ásidó (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
aksido (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish ácido (“acid”), from Latin acidus.


halili

From Proto-Central Philippine *halili (“substitute”). Compare Cebuano halili. Possibly from a reduplication of Malay alih (“change, replace, transfer”).


sudoeste

ᜐᜓᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
sudoweste (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish sudoeste, from French sud-ouest.


agregado

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈɣaː.d̪o]


buling

act of throwing water at someone (on the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist on June 24th)


bunggo

Compare Cebuano bunggo and Hiligaynon bunggo.


bungot

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋut (“labial circle”). Compare Ibaloi bongot, Hanunoo bungot, Bikol Central bungot, Cebuano bungot, and Tausug pungut. See also Malay janggut and Javanese jenggot.

inh+

piece of thread put through the eye of a needle


bunyag

disclosure; revelation (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


busal

muzzle (device to prevent an animal from biting)


busay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəsay. Compare Asi busay, Bikol Central busay, Cebuano busay and Tausug busay.


buslot

break or opening on floors offering danger of stumbling

unexpected depressions on pathways, also offering danger of stumbling

stumble due to one's foot tripping on an opening on the floor or an unexpected depression on a pathway


butang

From Cebuano butang (“to place”). Compare butangan.

act of beating or hitting a person mercilessly (as of a thug)


buti

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूति (bhūti, “well-being; adornment”).

bor+

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


butig

From Southern Proto-Philippine *butiʀ. Compare butlig.


buto

butó (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
bot-o (alternative)
but-o (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butəqul (“hard seed, knot”), with elision of /l/. Compare Ilocano botol, Sambali bot-o. Kapampangan butul, Hanunoo but-ol. Doublet of butol.


buto

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *butuq (cf. Bikol Central buto (“penis”), Cebuano buto (“testicle”), Hiligaynon buto (“penis”), Ilocano buto (“penis”), and Kapampangan butu (“penis”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (Malagasy voto (“penis”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq (cf. Saisiyat bosoe' (“testicle”)).


dagas

dagás (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dag-as (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀas (“hasten”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀəs (“swift flowing of water, rain”). Doublet of dalas.

emergency call for someone needed (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)

person sent in an errand to call people in an emergency (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)


dagta

dagtâ (canonical)
ᜇᜄ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
ragta (alternative)


dahon

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dahun (“leaf”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating”). Compare Malay daun.

inh

(publishing) sheet of paper; leaf (of a book)

movable frame or panelling (of a door or window)

(obsolete) offerings to the anitos put on certain leaves


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धार (dhāra, “holding”), from the root धृ (dhṛ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Kapampangan dala, Remontado Agta dara, Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tausug dā.

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dala

Borrowed from Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zəʀa.

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


dalag

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual

mudfish; striped snakehead; snakehead murrel (Channa striata)


dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”). Also possibly Sanskrit of origin, either Sanskrit दारिका (dārikā, “girl, daughter”), or Sanskrit दार (dāra, “wife”).
Compare Aklanon daeaga, Bikol Central daraga, Cebuano dalaga, Hiligaynon dalaga, Tausug dāga, Malay dara, and Urak Lawoi' ราดารา (radara).

bor

young, unmarried lady; maiden (especially one that has passed puberty)


dalagita

ᜇᜎᜄᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
dalaguita (alternative)

[d̪ɐ.lɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐ]

From dalaga + -ita (“diminutive suffix”).


dalaw

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálaw. Compare dalo and Kapampangan dalo.

(by extension) visit of a suitor (usually male)

(by extension) suitor paying a visit (usually male)


dalo

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan dalo. Compare dalaw.

attendance; presence (in an event, performance, etc.)


dalok

dalók (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
daloc (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay jeruk, from Javanese ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kruuc ~ *kruəc (“citrus”). Compare Khmer ក្រូច (krouc, “citrus fruit, orange”) and Thai กรูด (grùut).


damak

unit of measure equal to the width of one's palm


danaw

From Proto-Philippine *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw. Doublet of lanaw. Compare Eastern Bontoc fiannaw.


dapit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapit (“ferry across”).

inh

religious ceremony where a dead body is brought into a church with a priest and acolytes where it is blessed (before being buried)

(archaic, now dialectal) fetching of a bride by the groom's relatives from her home after the wedding to the house of the groom


dawdaw

[d̪aʊ̯ˈd̪aʊ̯]

dipping in liquid (of one's hand or fingers)


dayan

festive decorations (such as buntings, bannerets, or arches put up during town celebrations)


debosyon

debosyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish devoción, from Latin dēvōtiō.


demokrasya

tl-noun

demokrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
demokrasiya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish democracia (“democracy”), from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).


dikta

Borrowed from Spanish dictar, from Latin dictāre.


diskurso

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discurso, from Latin discursus.


diskusyon

tl-noun

diskusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

diskusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discusión, from Latin discussiō.


doktrina

Borrowed from Spanish doctrina (“doctrine”).


dokumento

tl-noun

dokumento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
dukumento (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish documento (“document”).


dula

dulâ (canonical)
dulà (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
dola (alternative)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *dúlaʔ (“to play; amuse oneself”). Compare Cebuano dula, Kamayo duwa, and Malagasy dôla. See also Kapampangan tula. The sense “drama” was introduced in the early 20th century.


dulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dulaŋ (“tray or low table”). Compare Cebuano dulang (“washbowl”) and Malay dulang (“tray”).

inh

low dining table (usually made of mahogany or narra)


dulog

appearance before a person in authority (to complain or to seek help)


dulot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dúlut.
Compare Cebuano dulot and Hiligaynon dulot.

presenting; offering (of a gift to someone)


duyan

From Proto-Philippine *dúyan. See also Ilocano indayon.


duyong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ (“sea cow; dugong”). Doublet of dugong. Compare Ivatan ruyung, Ibatan royong, Ilocano luy-ong, Cebuano dugong, and Malay duyong.


dyanitor

dyánitór (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
diyanitor (alternative)
janitor (alternative)

[ˌd͡ʒaː.n̪ɪˈt̪oɾ]


edukasyon

tl-noun

edukasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

edukasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
edukasion (alternative dated)

[ʔɛ.d̪ʊ.xɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish educación, from Latin ēducātiō.

knowledge; ability (learned from schooling)


ehemplo

Borrowed from Spanish ejemplo, from Old Spanish exemplo, enxemplo, enxiemplo, from Latin exemplum. Doublet of eksampol and sampol.


ehersisyo

ehersisyo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
erhisyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish ejercicio, from Latin exercitium.


eklipse

Borrowed from Spanish eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “absence, abandoning”).


eleksyon

tl-noun

eleksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eleksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of eleksiyon.


elektrisidad

elektrisidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

elektrisidád (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


elepante

(figurative, derogatory) big, lazy fellow


embahador

embahadór (feminine embahadora, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

embahadór (canonical)
embahadora (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish embajador, from Old Spanish embaxador. Doublet of ambasador.


esensya

[ʔɛˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of esensiya.


eskandalo

eskándaló (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
iskandalo (alternative)
skandalo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish escándalo (“scandal”).


eskoba

a species of undershrub (half a meter high, used for rheumatism and insect bites)


merienda

[mɛɾˈjɛn̪.d̪ɐ]


eskultor

tl-noun

eskultór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

eskultór (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
iskultor (alternative)


estudyante

estudyante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
estudiyante (alternative)
istudiyante (alternative)
istudyante (alternative)


gab-i

tlb

(now dialectal, Rizal, Southern Tagalog)

gab-í (canonical)
ᜄᜊ᜔ᜁ (Baybayin)
gab-e (alternative colloquial)
gabï (alternative obsolete)


gago

tl-noun

gago (feminine gaga, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜄᜓ)

gaga (feminine)
ᜄᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
GG (alternative)
g*go (alternative)
gagi (alternative)
gagstik (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish gago (“one who stutters”).

bor+

'Gago ka talaga!

(vulgar, derogatory) fool; stupid person; contemptible person


gamit

ᜄᜋᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
gamet (alternative colloquial)

[ˈɡaː.mɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.mɛt̪̚]

From Greater Central Philippine *gámit, from Proto-Philippine *ʀámit, *gámit (“to use”). Compare Ilocano ram-ramit, Bikol Central gamit, Cebuano gamit, and Masbatenyo gamit.


mandolina

Borrowed from Spanish mandolina (“mandolin”).


sisi

Kapampangan: sisi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səlsəl (“regret, remorse for something done”) with elision of /l/. Compare Bikol Central sulsol, Aklanon hinuesoe, Cebuano hinulsol, and Malay sesal.

inh

blame; blaming; reprimand (for a mistake or fault done)


embalsama

embalsamá (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


embalsamo

embálsamó (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
imbalsamo (alternative)
embalsama (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish embalsamar, influenced by bálsamo.


ilustrado

tl-noun

ilustrado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ilustrado (“enlightened; learned”).

bor+

(historical) ilustrado (member of the Filipino intelligentsia exposed to Spanish liberal and European nationalist ideals during the late 19th century Spanish period of the Philippines, usually belonging to middle to upper class)


subida

ascent; rise; mounting (on an upward slope)

ascending slope or incline (of a street, etc.)

doctor's visit and treatment of a patient

(by extension) doctor's fee for such a visit


ermita

[ʔɛɾˈmiː.t̪ɐ]


datos

Borrowed from Spanish datos (“data”), plural of dato, from Latin datum. Doublet of days. See also dado.

Para sa paglilikom ng mga datos, isang normatibong sarbey ang isinagawa sa mga paaralang publiko, antas elementarya sa 13 rehiyon.

2005, Wikang Filipino: Kasaysayan at Pag-unlad' 2005 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 109:

For the collection of data, a normative survey has been carried out in public elementary schools in 13 regions.


taras

tarás (canonical)
taras (canonical)
ᜆᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

boldness, arrogance, or contemptuousness in speech; candor or frankness in speech


delicadeza

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish delicadeza.


Jumu'ah

Jumu'áh (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜋᜓᜀ (Baybayin)
Jumuah (alternative)
Jumu-ah (alternative)
Jumua (alternative)
Jum'ah (alternative)

[d͡ʒʊ.mʊˈʔa]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جمعة (jumuʕa), as in الجمعة (al-jumuʕa).

Jumu'ah (main congregational prayers, held at noon on a Friday)


katamaran

katamarán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜋᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
catamaran (alternative)


optometrista

tl-noun

optometrista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


halakhak

From *hakhak + *-al-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakhak (“laugh loudly; loud or raucous laughter”). Possibly onomatopoeic in origin. Doublet of halikhik.

inh

Nagbigay ng malaking halakhak ang mga manonood sa hirit ng komedyante.

The audience gave a big laugh at the comedian's stand-up.


serpentina

tl-noun

serpentina (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ)

ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


mintis

Borrowed from Spanish mentís (“denial”).


kilikiti

kilikitî (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜒᜃᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
qiliqiti (alternative)
quiliquiti (alternative)


gamot

From Proto-Philippine *ʀamut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀamut (“fibrous roots”). Compare Ilocano ramot, Pangasinan lamot, Kapampangan emut /yamut, and Cebuano gamot.


Pranses

tl-noun

Pransés (feminine Pransesa, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔)

Pransés (canonical)
Pransesa (feminine)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Paranses (alternative dated)


depresyon

depresyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

depresyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛp.ɾɛˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish depresión, from Latin dēpressiō.

(weather, physics) depression (area of low air pressure)

(psychology) depression (severe sadness)

(economics) depression (period of major economic contraction)


gansa

gansâ (canonical)
ᜄᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
gangsa (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Malay gangsa, variant of angsa (“goose”), from Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Compare Kapampangan galsa, Bikol Central gangsa, Waray-Waray gangsa, Tausug angsa', Malay angsa, Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa), Burmese ဟင်္သာ (hangsa), and Hindi हंस (hans). Some sources think it is from Spanish gansa (“female goose”) (also related to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns), but this is rejected by Potet (2016) and Zorc (1982).


gatong

From Proto-Philippine *gatuŋ. Compare Masbatenyo gatong, Hiligaynon gatong, and Maranao gatong.

fuel for fire (such as firewood, kerosene, charcoal, etc.)


raket

[ˈɾaː.xɛt̪̚]

(sports) racket (in tennis, badminton, etc.)

Anu-anong mga raket ang natutuhan ng mga Pilipino sa mga Amerikano? 15. Ano raw ang pangunahing suliranin ng Pilipinas? ›I>~L.~-›l\››-I 2'Paglalagom / pag1ala'gum/ (from lagom /1a'gom/ 'summary') 'act of summarizing'.

1968, Jean Donald Bowen, Babasahing Panggitnang Baytang Sa Tagalog, Univ of California Press, page 182:

At lahat ng limpak na tubo galing sa komersiyo ng laman, hango sa malakihang mga raket at kutsabahan, mula sa pawis ng mga singit at kilikili ng maraming babae, naipagpatayo ng bahay na iyon — sumampa, naipon, sumasampa at ...

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Sibol Sa MGA Guho, de La Salle University, →ISBN:

Ano raw ang nangyari? BING: May isang reliable source na nagsabi sa 'kin na balak siyang kidnapin ng mga tauhan ni Floresco, 'yung boss mo. Masyado raw nakikialam sa mga raket niya at madalas daw makita sa anti-government activities.

Ito rin ay nagkaroon ng epekto sa ugali ng ilang grupo ng Huk makaraan ang 1954 na naging yunit ng mga bandido at ginamit sa proteksiyon ng mga raket. 22 Edukasyon at Kamalayang Politikal Ipinagpatuloy ng mga lider Huk ang kanilang ...

1996, Renato Constantino, Ang bagong lumipas: 1940-1965, University of Philippines Press, →ISBN:

(colloquial) part-time job; gig; informal job


raket

Borrowed from English rocket, from Italian rocchetta.

[ˈɾaː.xɛt̪̚]


sanga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋa. Compare Aklanon sanga, Bikol Central sanga, Cebuano sanga, Hiligaynon sanga, Maranao sanga, Tausug sanga, Tetum sanak, and Waray-Waray sangay.

(by extension) branch (of a bank, agency, business, etc.)


markes

markés (feminine markesa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔)

markés (canonical)
markesa (feminine)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish marqués (“marquess”), from Old French markis, marchis, from Late Latin marchēnsis.


gawgaw

Possibly from Chinese. Compare Bikol Central gawgaw, Hiligaynon gawgaw, and Waray-Waray gawgaw. See also Burmese ကော် (kau), and Chinese 膠 /胶.

starch made from plants or palms (especially cornstarch, but also those of cassava, arrowroot, etc.)

Polynesian arrowroot
Polynesian arrowroot

Tacca leontopetaloides
Wikispecies:Tacca leontopetaloides

Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides)


gawi

gawî (canonical)
gawì (canonical)
ᜄᜏᜒ (Baybayin)


ginggon

Borrowed from Spanish guingón, from guinga + -ón. Compare Malay genggang, French guingan, and Portuguese guingão.


ginhawa

tl-noun

ginhawa or ginhawà (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ)

ginhawa (canonical)
ginhawà (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ (Baybayin)
guinhaoa (alternative)
guinhaua (alternative)
ginghawa (alternative)

[ɡɪn̪ˈhaː.wɐʔ]

From Proto-Central Philippine *ginhawa, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *gi-nihawa (cf. Cebuano ginhawa (“breath”), Higaonon ganihawa (“life”), Mansaka ginawa (“breath”), Maranao ginawa (“breath”), Tausug nyawa (“soul”)), from Proto-Philippine *ʀi-nihawa (“breath”) (cf. Ilocano gin-awa (“relief; comfort”), Pangasinan linawa (“breath”), Kapampangan inaua (“breath; respiration”), Yami inawan (“breath”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa (cf. Hawaiian manawa (“feelings; heart”), Javanese ꦚꦮ (nyawa, “life; soul”), Malay nyawa (“life; soul”), Maori manawa (“heart; breath”), Tokelauan manava (“belly; abdomen”)), from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa (cf. Siraya xinawa (“breath”)).

cog

convenience; easiness (in doing or making something)

prosperity; abundance; freedom from want


gisa

Borrowed from Spanish guisar (“to stew”).

bor+

(figurative, colloquial) grilling (interrogation)


gisi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀisiq (“tear, split, cut”). Compare Bikol Central gisi, Cebuano gisi, Hiligaynon gisi, and Tausug gisi'.

inh

ravel or slight run in something knitted


grasya

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
grasiya (alternative)
garasiya (alternative obsolete)
grasia (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish gracia, from Latin grātia.


gulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀudaŋ. Compare gurang.


gutom

From Proto-Central Philippine *ʀutəm (“hungry”). Compare Bikol Central gutom, Cebuano gutom, Hiligaynon gutom, Waray-Waray gutom, and Tausug gutum.


habagat

[hɐˈbaː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat (“southwest monsoon”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat (“east or south wind”). Compare Ivatan avayat, Ilocano abagat, Kapampangan abagat, Hiligaynon bagatnan, Kavalan balat, Malay barat, Maori āwhā, and Palauan ngebard.


hagad

[ˈhaː.ɣɐd̪̚]

pursuer; chaser (in order to catch or drive away someone or something)

object of one's pursuit (of people, animals, etc.)

(by extension) traffic police (usually on a motorcycle)

act of taking advantage of another (especially in getting a bigger share)

advantage of one over another (especially in getting a bigger share)


hagdanan

ᜑᜄ᜔ᜇᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagranan (alternative)

[hɐɡˈd̪aː.n̪ɐn̪]

(figurative) stepping stone; instrument for success; means for advancement


binos

alternative form of baynos (“unprocessed cotton”)


inhalador

inhaladór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜑᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish inhalador, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, behikulo, hedonismo, Hehoba, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon).


laso

oral or labial inflammation (especially among children)


efe

Borrowed from Spanish efe, the Spanish name of the letter F /f.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter F/f, in the Abecedario


eñe

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish eñe, the Spanish name of the letter Ñ /ñ.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ, in the Abecedario


equis

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish equis, the Spanish name of the letter X /x.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter X/x, in the Abecedario


sabi

From Southern Luzon axis *sábih (“say”). Compare Kapampangan sabi, Hanunoo sabi, Bikol Central sabi, and Masbatenyo sabi. Some speculate that it is from Spanish sabe, the third-person singular present indicative of saber (“to know”).

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat


kapas

Possibly from Malay kapas, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”). Compare Hindi कपास (kapās).

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum#Translingual

(botany) upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)


balina

balinà (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
balena (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish barrena, from Mozarabic barrina, from Late Latin veruina (“long javelin”), from Latin veru (“javelin”). Doublet of barena.


bilbil

(anatomy, colloquial) love handle; excess fat on one's lower abdomen


lampara

Borrowed from Spanish lámpara, from lámpada, from Late Latin lampăda, from Latin lampas.


karamelo

Borrowed from Spanish caramelo, from Portuguese caramelo, from Late Latin calamellus.


karbon

Borrowed from Spanish carbón, from Latin carbō, carbōnem. Doublet of karbono.


talpak

act of telling something openly to someone (without fear or reservation)


lanting

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual

part of a plow to which the harness is attached


probinsiya

tl-noun

probínsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

probínsiyá (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
probinsia (alternative obsolete)
probinsya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish provincia, from Latin prōvincia.


hasa

From Proto-Philippine *hasaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasaq, from Proto-Austronesian *Sasaq (“whet, sharpen”).

inh

(figurative) practice; training (for experience)


paruka

parukâ (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜓᜃ (Baybayin)
paroca (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पादुका (pādukā, “shoe”). Compare Malay paduka.


panik

Borrowed from English panic, from Middle French panique, from Ancient Greek πανικός (panikós, “pertaining to Pan”).

der

panic (overwhelming fear or fright; an instance of this)


limi

reflection; serious thought; contemplation; meditation


limi

attention; careful observation; giving heed to someone important


tinidor

[t̪ɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tenedor, with all the ⟨e⟩ changed to ⟨i⟩ due to /e/-/i/ allophony.


bughaw

bugháw (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ᜑᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
boghao (alternative)
boghau (alternative)
bughao (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw. Compare Hanunoo bulhaw and Cebuano bughaw. See also Japanese 青(あお) (ao, “blue; blue green; green”).


tetano

tétanó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜆᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
tetanos (alternative)

[ˌt̪ɛː.t̪ɐˈn̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish tétano, variant of tétanos, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos).


metodista

Borrowed from Spanish metodista. By surface analysis, metodo + -ista.


puntos

Borrowed from Spanish puntos, plural of punto. Doublet of punto.


lumba-lumba

tl-noun

lumbá-lumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)

lumbá-lumbá (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)
lumbalumba (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Malay lumba-lumba, or analytically a reduplication of lumba.


oportunismo

oportunismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


oportunista

oportunista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


kawali

kawalì (canonical)
ᜃᜏᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
cauali (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay kuali, from Tamil குவளை (kuvaḷai, “wide-mouthed vessel; cup”).


yosi

Backslang formed from the initial and final syllables of sigarilyo (“cigarette”): si-ga-ril-yo → yo-si.

Nang minsang tensiyonado na 'ko sa pagtira dahil nauuwi na sa pustahan ang laro ay inabutan ako ni Arnel ng yosi. "Pang-alis lang 'to ng tensiyon." Konting hithit, konting buga. Parang gusto kong maubo pero tiniis ko lang.

2006, Carla M. Pacis, Eugene Y. Evasco, Bagets: an anthology of Filipino young adult fiction, University of the Philippines Press, →ISBN:

When I'm getting tense over each shot as each game turns into a betting match, Arnel gave me a cig. "It helps you release the tension." Just a few puffs and drags. I feel like I have to cough but I just let it past.

Nagsindi kami ng yosi at nagbulungan habang hinihintay lumabas ang mga marinero at matorete sa ginawa namin sa kanilang kotse.

2010, U.P. Diliman, UP Press, →ISBN, page 230:


kawsa

...nagsusumamong sumama sa kanilang kawsa. May mga bagay na magkatugma sa amin ang mga rebelde ngunit naniwala ako na may kinalaman sila sa pagkamatay ng aking pamilya kaya hindi ako sumama sa kanila.

2002, Victor Emmanuel Carmelo D. Nadera, Jun Cruz Reyes, Ang aklat likhaan ng tula at maikling kuwento, 1999:

Ang papel niya sa Europeong Renasimyento ay bilang pinuno ng kontra-Repormasyon. Matiim ang kaniyang pag-sandig sa relihiyong Katoliko at sa imperyong Espanyol, dalawang kawsa na malimit niyang pag-isahin.

2003, Mga kuwento sa kasaysayan, Mga kuwento sa kasaysayan:

cause; principle; aim (especially for unselfish ends)


uten

ᜂᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
otin (alternative)
utin (alternative)

[ˈʔuː.t̪ɛn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutin, from Proto-Austronesian *qutiN. Compare Cebuano utin, Maranao otin, Tetum uti, and Gorontalo wuti.

(colloquial, figurative) inconsequential person


halay

(by extension) act of violating someone sexually; sexual violence


haligi

→ Spanish: harigue

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi. Compare Bikol Central harigi, Cebuano haligi, Dupaningan Agta adigi, Ilocano adigi, Mansaka arigi, Tetum riin, Wolio arii, and Yogad arigi.

inh+

(figurative) outstanding figure (in an institution or movement)


halimbawa

halimbawà (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜏ (Baybayin)

Possibly related to bawa. Compare Bikol Central halimbawa, Cebuano halimbawa, Hiligaynon halimbawa, and Sambali alimbawa.


arbotante

tl-noun

arbotante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
arbolante (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish arbotante, from French arc-boutant.


bandila

bandilà (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
bandela (alternative obsolete)
banrila (alternative obsolete)

Early borrowing from Spanish bandera (“flag; banner”), with the /e/ changing to /i/ due to /e ~ i/ allophony, /ɾ/ into /l/ common with early borrowings, and final glottal stop added. Doublet of bandera, a later borrowing.


katangahan

katangahán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜅᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


kotse

Borrowed from Spanish coche (“car; coach; carriage”), from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi.

bor+

train car; railroad car; railway carriage


sasakyan

sasakyán (canonical)
ᜐᜐᜃ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sasac-yan (alternative)
sasaquian (alternative)
sasakiyan (alternative obsolete)

From a syncopic form of sasakayan, from sakay + -an with initial reduplication of sakay. Can also be analyzed as an initial reduplication of sakyan.

animal used for riding (such as a horse, camel, etc.)


maneho

Borrowed from Spanish manejo (“handling, driving”). The latter sense is from Latin American Spanish.

Hindi ganyan ang maneho.

handling; management (e.g. of a company)


dagos

act of making an effort to pull away or get loose from being tied or chained

act of rushing forward to pull a load (of an animal)

(colloquial) hurried and sudden departure in dissatisfaction or anger; sudden hurried movement towards something

sound of dragging something hurriedly along the floor or ground


prutas

Borrowed from Spanish frutas (“fruits”), plural of fruta, from Latin frūcta.


palaka

palakâ (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜃ (Baybayin)
palaca (alternative)


sari-sari store

tl-noun

sarì-sarì store (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

sarì-sarì store (canonical)
ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

[ˌsaː.ɾiː ˌsaː.ɾiː ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

Unadapted borrowing from English sari-sari store, itself from Tagalog sari-sari + English store, literally “variety store”.

compound

Nagbukas si Tita Rhodora ng sari-sari store bilang negosyo, at pumatok ito dahil malayo ang supermarket sa mga nakatira dito.

Tita Rhodora opened a sari-sari store as a business, and this was well-received as the supermarket was distant from the community there.


hatak

(colloquial) exertion of one's effort (to complete something)


sirit

[ˈsiː.ɾɪt̪̚]

hissing or sizzling sound (as on a hot frying pan)

prolonged hissing sound from a jet or stream of liquid through a tiny passage (such as a nozzle, leaking pipe, etc.)


sosyal

kunwari sosyal

(informal) upper class; extravagant person


trabaho

Kadalasan ay nag-aaral sa kolehiyo ang kabataan ngayon upang makakuha ng magandang trabaho.

The youth nowadays often go to college in order to get a good job.


seminarista

tl-noun

seminarista (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜈᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜈᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

(Catholicism) seminarian; seminarist (student in a seminary)


presbitero

presbitero or presbíteró (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

presbitero (canonical)
presbíteró (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish presbítero, from Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros).


bayanihan

communal altruistic cooperation; mutual aid; cooperative endeavor (especially in a community project)


aling

Melanolepis multiglandulosa (a species of plant)


ancha

anchá (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
antsa (alternative)

Possibly from clipping of English antagonize with /t/ changed to /t͡ʃ/.


empanada

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜈᜇ (Baybayin)
impanada (alternative)
panada (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish empanada. Compare Manado Malay panada. Doublet of panara.

empanada (especially Philippine varieties)


impunidad

impunidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

impunidád (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish impunidad, from Latin impūnitātem.


paaralan

From aral + pa- -an. Said to be coined by Eusebio T. Daluz in 1915, but has been used prior to 1915.

Papasok na ako sa paaralan, Nay.

Mg̃a sadyáng palakad sa pagtuturò.—Mg̃a libróng gamit.—Kasangkapan at mg̃a gamit sa páaralan.

1902, Philippines. Exposition Board, Ley no. 514 creando la junta de la exposición Carta circular del gobernador Taft, etc:


aral

Possibly from Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher; master”). Compare Cuyunon adal, Masbatenyo adal, Masbate Sorsogon adal, Waray Sorsogon adal, Bikol Central adal, Ilocano adal, Asi aray.

der

Puno ng aral ang Bibliya.

moral lesson; moral teaching (especially from a story)


pag-aaral

[pɐɡ.ʔɐˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

From pag- + aral, with initial reduplication.

Pagbutihin mo ang iyong pag-aaral, Kabataan.

Ang ginagawa sa klase ni Ma'am Pilar Martin ay isang intensibong pag-aaral ng Espanyol.

What is done in Ma'am Pilar Martin's class is an intensive studying of Spanish.


mag-aaral

mag-aarál (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜀᜀᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐɡ.ʔɐˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

[mɐɡˌʔaːˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

[mɐɡ.ʔɐ.ʔɐˈɾal]

From mag- + aral, from an initial reduplication of aral.

Nasa bahay ang kuwaderno ng mag-aaral.


paliparan

Paliparan ng mga lobo'

Paliparan ng mga ibon


kakayahan

kakayahán (canonical)
ᜃᜃᜌᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kakayanan (alternative)


lader

Borrowed from English ladder, from Middle English ladder, laddre, from Old English hlǣder.


signos

tl-noun

signos or signós (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

signos (canonical)
signós (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish signos, plural of signo. Doublet of signo.

destiny; omen; fatal sign; presage of fate


patatas

Borrowed from Spanish patatas, plural form of patata, from Taíno batata.


tito

tito (feminine tita, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish tito, from tío (“uncle”) + -ito (diminutive suffix), from Late Latin thius, from Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos). By surface analysis, tiyo + -ito.

af

(slang) adult man exhibiting the stereotypical characteristics of a Filipino uncle


tito

Borrowed from Hokkien 豬肚 /猪肚 (ti-tǒ͘, “pig tripe”).


kantin

[kɐn̪ˈt̪ɪn̪]

Borrowed from English canteen, from French cantine, from Italian cantina. Doublet of kantina.


semento

ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
simento (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cemento, from Latin caementum.

dental filling (especially those cement-like)


galos

From Proto-Philippine *garus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *garus.

slight scratch; small cut (on the skin or similar surface)


gastos

Borrowed from Spanish gastos, plural of gasto.


milagros

Borrowed from Spanish milagros, plural of milagro, from Old Spanish miraglo, miráclo, from Latin mīrāculum.


sero

Borrowed from Spanish cero, from New Latin zerum, from Medieval Latin zephirum, from Andalusian Arabic صِفْر (ṣífr), from Classical Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, nothing, empty, void”). Doublet of sipra.


timba

→ Spanish: timba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timba. Compare Ibaloi timba, Waray-Waray timba, and Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧ (timba).

bucket; pail (especially one used to fetch water from an open well)

act of fetching water from an open well (using a bucket or pail)

(figurative) acquirement of big amount of money (from a small investment)


peninsulares

tl-noun

penínsuláres (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

penínsuláres (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
peninsular (alternative)

From Philippine Spanish peninsulares, plural of peninsular, referring to the Iberian Peninsula.

(historical) Spain-born Spaniard living in the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period)


presas

Borrowed from Spanish fresas, plural of fresa (“strawberry”), from French fraise (“strawberry”), from earlier *fraige, from Latin frāga, plural of frāgum.


traidora

traidora (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ)

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

[t̪ɾɐ.ʔɪˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


Aleman

Alemán (feminine Alemana, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔)

Alemán (canonical)
Alemana (feminine)
ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alemán, from French allemand, from Late Latin Alemannus.

German (inhabitant of Germany or person from German descent)


Amerikano

Amerikano (feminine Amerikana, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋᜒᜇᜒᜃᜈᜓ)

Amerikana (feminine)
ᜀᜋᜒᜇᜒᜃᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish americano. By surface analysis, Amerika + -ano.

(archaic) American (native of the Americas)


Ginang

ᜄᜒᜈᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
Gng. (alternative abbreviation)

Ginang (Gng.) Maria Dela Cruz

Ginang (Gng.) Dela Cruz

(formal) honorific used before the name of a married woman: Mrs.; ma'am


Ginoo

Ginoó (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈᜓᜂ (Baybayin)
G. (alternative abbreviation)

[ɡɪˈn̪oː.ʔo]

Ginoong (G.) Juan Dela Cruz

Ginoong (G.) Dela Cruz

(formal) honorific used before the name of a gentleman: Mister; Mr.

Ginoong Maria

(archaic) honorific used before a name of a lady of rank: Madam; Lady


Griyego

Griyego (feminine Griyega, Baybayin spelling ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜄᜓ)

Griyega (feminine)
ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
Griego (alternative)


Hapon

Borrowed from Spanish Japón (“Japan”), from Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (nyit pwon^X, “sun origin”).
Doublet of Sapon.

der

Dumating ang mga turistang Hapon ngayong hapon.

The Japanese tourists arrived this afternoon.

Japanese (native or inhabitant of Japan)


Hudyo

Hudyó (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
Hudiyo (alternative)
Hudio (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish judío (“Jew”), from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (Yehudi).


Ingles

tl-noun

Inglés (feminine Inglesa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Inglés (canonical)
Inglesa (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Inggles (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish inglés, from Old French angleis, from Old English Englisc. Compare Malay Inggeris, Indonesian Inggris.


Intsik

tlb

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory or vulgar)

Intsík (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
Inchic (alternative)
Insic (alternative)
Insik (alternative)
Intsek (alternative)
Inchek (alternative)
Inchik (alternative)

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡ʃɪk̚]

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡sɪk̚]

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”) or 𪜶叔 (in chek, literally “his/her/their uncle”). Compare Cebuano Insik, Malay encik, Indonesian encek, Thai เจ๊ก (jék).


Kastila

Kastilà (canonical)
ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
Castila (alternative)

From Classical Malay كستيل (Kastila, “Castile, of Castile, Castilian, Spaniard”), possibly from either:
* Portuguese Castela (“Castile”)
* Arabic قَسَاطِلَة (qasāṭila, “Castilians”), as in Arabic قَشْتَالَة (qaštāla, “Castille”) and بِلَاد الْقَسَاطِلَة (bilād al-qasāṭila, “the country of Castilians”) as per Potet (2013, 2016).
Both ultimately from Latin Castella, from Latin castella (“little forts, castles”), plural diminutive of castrum (“fort, defensive wall”). Cognate with Maranao Kastila, Maguindanao Kastila, Tausug Kastila', and Cebuano Katsila.
Likely not directly from Spanish Castilla as the expected word if borrowed during Early Modern Spanish would be *Kastiya since the ⟨ll⟩ digraph would have had the pronunciation of /ʎ/ closer to /j/ in Tagalog (cf. Spanish caballo and Spanish cebollas giving kabayo and sibuyas). Doublet of Kastilya.


Koreano

tl-noun

Koreano (feminine Koreana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ)

Koreana (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Koryano (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish coreano. By surface analysis, Korea + -ano.


kumpil

kumpíl (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
compil (alternative)
cumpel (alternative)
kumpel (alternative obsolete)
Kumpil (alternative)

Clipping of earlier variant kumpilma, attested in Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613), from Early Modern Spanish confirmar. Doublet of kumpirma and kumpilma. Also possibly from Spanish cumplir.


Mang

Mang Tomas

honorific used before the name of an elderly man: Mister


Miyerkoles

Miyérkolés (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Miyérkolés (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Mierkoles (alternative obsolete)
Mierkules (alternative dated)
Miyer. (alternative abbreviation)
Miyerkules (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish miércoles, from Latin diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”).

days of the week: mga araw ng linggo: Linggo · Lunes · Martes · Miyerkoles · Huwebes · Biyernes · Sabado [edit]


tonsura

act of shaving the crown of the head into a tonsure


pasasalamat

From pa- + salamat with initial reduplication.


sipnayan

Blend of isip (“to think; mind”) + hanayan.


palaulatan

paláulátan (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜂᜎᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tayahan

tl-noun

tayahán or táyáhan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔)

tayahán (canonical)
táyáhan (canonical)
ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

calculator (instrument or machine for calculating or estimating)

calculation; act of calculating or estimating


pariugat

[pɐ.ɾɪ.ʔʊˈɣat̪̚]

Blend of parisukat (“square”) + ugat (“root”). Calque of English square root.


silangan

ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
silang̃an (alternative)

From silang + -an, literally “place of rising (of the sun)”. See also Latin oriens.

suffix

Sumisikat ang araw sa silangan at lumulubog sa kanluran.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.


Tsina

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
China (alternative)
Sina (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish china (“Chinese woman”).

bor+

[ˈt͡ʃiː.n̪ɐ]

(literary) female equivalent of Tsino: female Chinese (person)


abakada

From the names of the first four letters in the Abakada alphabet. Compare Cebuano abakadhan.

Ang mga bata ay nag-aral ng abakada sa paaralan.

The children studied the alphabet in school.


oropel

oropél (canonical)
ᜂᜇᜓᜉᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
urupel (alternative)


pupo

pupò (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
pupu (alternative)
popo (alternative)

(obsolete) act of cutting a tree at the foot of it

(childish, slang) alternative spelling of pupu (“feces; poop”)


pupo

pupô (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
pupu (alternative)
popo (alternative)

(obsolete) removal of inedible parts of food to separate the edible part (of chicken, fish, crab, shrimp, corn, beans, etc.)

(obsolete) stringing and cutting into small pieces of beans (in preparation for cooking)


tagok

movement of the throat when one gulps or swallows something (and the sound made)


rayos X

ᜇᜌᜓᜐ᜔ ᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
rayos ekis (alternative)
rayos-ekis (alternative)

radiograph (photograph made with X-rays)


kulas

banker's share or commission in gambling bets


kulas

kulás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
colas (alternative)

nickname for a boy (especially a servant)


militarismo

tl-noun

militarismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish militarismo. By surface analysis, militar + -ismo.


pulgas

pulgás (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
purgas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish pulgas, plural of pulga.


galon

chevron (insignia of military or police rank on the sleeve)


bisagra

hinge (jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.)


perlas

Borrowed from Spanish perlas, plural of perla (“pearl”).


puras

purás (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
poras (alternative)


tornilyo

ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
turnilyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish tornillo, from Latin tornus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos).


sabila

Borrowed from Spanish sábila, zábila, from Andalusian Arabic صَبِيرَ (ṣabíra), from Arabic صِبَر (ṣibar), from Aramaic, from Akkadian. Doublet of aksibal.


salapi

→ Chamorro: salåpe'

From salap (“judge's fees”) + -i, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf, “money exchange; change; money”) and possibly confused with Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy, “gold coin; ducat”), according to Potet (2013). Another etymology suggested is from Malay se- + Malay rupiah, according to Panganiban (1973).

der

(historical) tostón (coin worth four Spanish reales)


ambarina

[ʔɐm.bɐˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish ambarina (“amberlike”).

bor+

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk; musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)


sebo

Borrowed from Spanish sebo, from Latin sēbum.


cholla

tl-noun

cholla (masculine chollo, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ)


teknik

[t̪ɛkˈn̪ɪk̚]


komiks

Borrowed from English comics, from comic, from Latin comicus, from Ancient Greek κωμικός (kōmikós, “relating to comedy”).


kabo

Borrowed from Spanish cabo, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput. Doublet of hepe and tsip.


wika

wikà (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
'ka (alternative clipping)
'ika (alternative clipping)
ika (alternative clipping)
'eka (alternative clipping)
eka (alternative clipping)
uica (alternative)
vica (alternative)
vyca (alternative)

Said to be borrowed from Sanskrit, possibilities are:
* Sanskrit जिह्विका (jihvikā), feminine of जिह्वक (jihvaka, “tongue”), derived from जिह्वा (jihvā́, “tongue”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s and a possible doublet of lengguwahe.
* Sanskrit वाक (vāka, “sounding; speaking; chattering; murmuring”) or Sanskrit वाक्य (vākya, “speech; saying; assertion; statement; command; words”), according to Juan Francisco (1963, 1973). Related to basa.
* Sanskrit विवेक (viveka, “consideration; discussion; investigation”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).
Compare also Malay beka.

cog

Ang wika ng mga Amerikano

Ang wikang Tagalog

Wika ko'y malayo pa ay narito na tayo.

My thoughts are it's still far but we're already here.

Maiging wika iyan.


diyos

tl-noun

diyós (feminine diyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔)

diyós (canonical)
diyosa (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dios (alternative)
dyos (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish dios, from Latin deus (“god, deity”). Doublet of dia, Hupiter, and Zeus.


sidras

Borrowed from Spanish sidras, plural of sidra (“cider”).

Babawalan niya ang kaniyang sarili pag inom ng alak pagkain ng karne masarap na sidras kusang itatangi't sa gracia ng Dios puso'y mawiwili.

1898, Joaquin Mañibo, Mga dakilang Kababalaghan likha ng̃ Martir sa Kalvario:


separatista

separatista (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

separatist (someone advocating or seeking the separation of one country or territory into two politically independent countries or territories)


moralidad

moralidád (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish moralidad, from Latin mōrālitās.


damuhan

damuhán (canonical)
ᜇᜋᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ramuhan (alternative)

Ang berde ng damuhan. Ang sarap takbuhan.

The field is so green. Running through it is enticing.


krus

ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuros (alternative)
kurus (alternative)

cross marks or lines (as of a plus sign)


manong

manong (feminine manang, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜓᜅ᜔)

manang (feminine)
ᜋᜈᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
mano (alternative)

desctree

→? Ilocano: manong (or directly from Spanish)
→ Hawaiian Creole: manong

From a clipping of Spanish hermano (“brother”) + -ng.

(colloquial) term of address for an elderly man; mister


manang

tl-noun

manang (masculine manong, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜅ᜔)

From a clipping of Spanish hermana (“sister”) + -ng.

(colloquial) term of address for an elderly woman; madam


sopas

Borrowed from Spanish sopas, plural of sopa (“soup”).

sopas (Filipino macaroni soup with evaporated milk)


hukot

Borrowed from Hokkien 負骨 /负骨 (hù kut), according to Manuel (1948).

(figurative) surrender; admission of one's defeat or inferiority


aretes

[ʔɐˈɾɛː.t̪ɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish aretes, plural of arete. Compare Cebuano aritis, Hiligaynon aritos, Ilocano aritos.


letrina

[lɛˈt̪ɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish letrina, from Latin lātrīna, from lavātrīna.


laplap

From Proto-Philippine *lapláp. Compare Hiligaynon laplap.

excoriation; skinning; flaying with a knife (of skin, meat, hide, etc.)

(colloquial, vulgar) passionate kissing; torrid kissing


lapuyot

Possibly borrowed from Hiligaynon lapuyot (“thickness; viscosity”).

bor+

fluid (any state of matter which can flow)


latok

From Chinese [Term?], possibly Hokkien 六仙桌 (la̍k-sian-toh, “a kind of table”). Compare Bikol Central latok and Hiligaynon latok.

der

provisional, low table for kitchen use (crudely made of cheap wood such as tangile)


latok

Telosma procumbens (woody vine with slender branches)


hubog

act of forming or shaping into certain forms (especially by bending)

act of shaping or bending something (in the form of an arc, arch, bow, or curve)

(figurative) act of training someone to develop a certain character or trait


telepono

teléponó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

(by extension) cellular phone; mobile phone


tesorero

tl-noun

tesorero (feminine tesorera, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜐᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)


tikling

Gallirallus striatus
Gallirallus striatus#Translingual

rail (any member of the family Rallidae)

slaty-breasted rail (Gallirallus striatus)

Gallirallus philippensis
Gallirallus philippensis#Translingual

buff-banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis)

Gallirallus torquatus
Gallirallus torquatus#Translingual


timawa

timawà (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜋᜏ (Baybayin)
timaua (alternative)
timagua (alternative)
timagwa (alternative)

Possibly related to Classical Malay istimewa (“special; privilege”), which is said to have come from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”).
Compare Kapampangan timaua, Cebuano timawa, Hiligaynon timawa, and Ilocano timmawa.

noncog

(colloquial, rare) poor or destitute person

(historical) privileged intermediate class

(obsolete) act of freeing oneself from danger or calamity


timbangan

time or schedule of weighing (of boxers, etc.)

Aristolochia tagala
Wikispecies:Aristolochia tagala

(botany) Indian birthwort (Aristolochia tagala)


tindak

recoil (of a spring, rubber band, gum, etc.)


hiyas

hiyás (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
hias (alternative)

Possibly related to Malay hias (“embellishment; decorate”). Some theorize it to be from Spanish joyas, but unlikely according to Potet (2016) as it was pronounced /ˈʃoʝas/ (expected *suyas if borrowed) until around the 17th century.


hugot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀut, from Proto-Austronesian *Suʀut. Compare Bikol Central hugot and Cebuano hugot.

pulling out; drawing (as from a hole such as a container, finger, etc.)

picking; selection (from a selection of candidates)

adaptation (in art, literature, conduct, etc.)

(slang, sometimes humorous) drawn-up, negative emotions (usually of emotional heartbreak)


tanyag

[t̪ɐn̪ˈjaɡ̚]


serip

[ˈsjɛː.ɾɪp̚]

Borrowed from English sheriff, from Middle English shirreve, from Old English sċīrġerēfa.


sibat

(figurative) sudden flight or escape (as of a wanted criminal)


kabalyero

ᜃᜊᜎ᜔ᜌᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
kaballero (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish caballero, from Late Latin caballārius.

Delonix regia
Delonix regia#Translingual

(botany) royal poinciana (Delonix regia)

Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Caesalpinia pulcherrima#Translingual

(botany) peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)


kabesera

ᜃᜊᜒᜐᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
kabisera (alternative common)

[kɐ.bɛˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


sabak

blind involvement (in something one hardly expects to be able to do)

notch or mortise on a post to hold a beam or rafter

notch at the end of the arrow shaft for setting on the cord of the bow

unusual and unauthorized use for self advantage of food supplies


sablay

Possibly from Proto-Philippine *sab(ə)láy (“to hang, drape over something”). Compare Ibatan sabhay, Batad Ifugao habluy, Tuwali Ifugao hable, Kapampangan sable, Bikol Central sablay, Aklanon sabeay, Cebuano sablay, Maranao sablay, and Tausug sablay.
The “sash” sense is from the sablay garment used by the University of the Philippines created by six professors from UP Diliman, as inspired by the malong of Muslim Mindanao, to be worn diagonally across the chest on formal occasions, perhaps named as such due to the sense of “to hang over” in other Philippine languages like Cebuano.

inh

miss; failure (to hit, guess, answer, etc.)

oblique or indirect hint; insinuation; innuendo

hard, quick but indirect blow with the fist

swiftness due to lightness (such as of a small boat)

University of the Philippines
w:University of the Philippines

academic regalia sash worn across the chest (especially used during graduations of the University of the Philippines)

(by extension) any garment hung over the shoulder for formal wear

(obsolete) hit to the side (with a fist or with a weapon)

(obsolete, by extension) act of affronting or insulting another with words as if one does not speak to the other

(obsolete, by extension) act of saying something to another so that the person who did something would understand it


sagad

snare for catching birds, chickens, and other fowl (composed of a series of running nooses)

catching of birds, chickens, and other fowl with such a snare


salakay

Compare Bikol Central salakay, Hiligaynon salakay, Kapampangan salake, and Sambali salakay.

raid (such as police raids, air raids, etc.)


taya

Compare Hiligaynon taya and Sambali taya.

(games) it (person who chases others in the game of tag)


taya

taya (canonical)
tayá (canonical)
ᜆᜌ (Baybayin)


taya

act of curing boils by immersion in hot water


babaan

Maaari lamang na sumakay at bumaba sa EDSA Carousel sa mga lugar ng tamang sakayan at babaan.

You can only board and disembark on the EDSA Carousel at the correct areas for loading and unloading.

act of alighting (from a vehicle or animal)


paleta

[pɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]


gili

rolling with the hand or fingers (such as rolling dough, grinding pills, etc.)

cutting in a seesaw manner without violent pressure


ayos

From Proto-Philippine *áyus (“to arrange, make something neat or proper”).


emperadora

tl-noun

emperadora (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ)

[ʔɛm.pɛ.ɾɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


bakulod

From Proto-Philippine *bakúlud (“stoney plateau”). Compare Ilocano bakulod, Kapampangan bakulud, Hanunoo bakulod, Bikol Central bakulod, Aklanon bakueod, Cebuano bakulod, Hiligaynon bakolod, Maranao bakolod, and Tausug bakūd.


sanidad

Borrowed from Spanish sanidad. The fourth sense is a pseudo-Hispanism derived from English sanity.

pseudo-loan

gusto ko din i-extend ang sanidad ko. ang daming gawain nkklk -not so witty howitzer, CP20boom-boom

2017, The Manila Collegian Vol. 31 Issue No. 6, Page 8:

I also want to extend my sanity, there's so much work, it's making me crazy. -not so witty howitzer, CP20boom-boom


narkotiko

narkótikó (canonical)
ᜈᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish narcótico, from Ancient Greek ναρκωτικός (narkōtikós).


bangis

Borrowed from Malay bengis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəŋis.


aboy

act of driving away or leading (to a certain place)

person or animal being led or driven (to a certain place)


abakahan

tl-noun

ábakáhan or ábakahán or abakahán (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜃᜑᜈ᜔)

ábakáhan (canonical)
ábakahán (canonical)
abakahán (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜃᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

season of abaca (growing and processing)


abaloryo

Borrowed from Spanish abalorio (“glass bead”), from Arabic بِلَّوْرِيّ (billawriyy, “crystalline”), from بِلَّوْر (billawr, “crystal”).

der

decorative glass bead (on a dress, handbags, etc.)

Dasylophus cumingi
Dasylophus cumingi#Translingual

(ornithology) scale-feathered malkoha (Dasylophus cumingi)


patani

[pɐˈt̪aː.n̪ɪʔ]

From Proto-Philippine *patániq (“lima bean: Phaseolus lunatus”). Compare Ilocano patani, Hanunoo patani, Cebuano patani, and Hiligaynon patani.


abaniko

Gamitin mo ang abaniko kung gusto mong magpalamig.

Use the folding fan if you want to have some fresh air.

Iris domestica
Iris domestica#Translingual


abang-abang

tl-noun

abang-abang or abáng-abáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜅ᜔)

abang-abang (canonical)
abáng-abáng (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
abong-abong (alternative)
abangabang (alternative)

[ˌʔaː.bɐŋ ˈʔaː.bɐŋ]

[ʔɐˌbaŋ ʔɐˈbaŋ]

Leea guineensis
Wikispecies:Leea guineensis

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual

(dermatology, medicine) rash; skin eruptions


milenyum

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɪˈlɛː.ɲʊm]

Borrowed from English millennium, from Late Latin mīllennium. Doublet of milenyo.


tamaraw

tamaráw or támaráw (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜋᜇᜏ᜔)

tamaráw (canonical)
támaráw (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

→ English: tamaraw

→ Spanish: tamarao

[t̪ɐ.mɐˈɾaʊ̯]

[ˌt̪aː.mɐˈɾaʊ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamadaw (“kind of wild ruminant”). Compare Aklanon tamaraw, Cebuano tamaraw, Iban temadau, and Malay tembadau.

inh

Bubalus mindorensis
Wikispecies:Bubalus mindorensis


halang

Possibly from Malay halang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalaŋ (“obstruct, lie across or athwart”).

der

encircling gill net or drag seine fishing gear

(dialectal, Batangas) substitute; alternate

(now dialectal, Quezon, Mindoro) spiciness


halea

haleá (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
haleya (alternative)
halaya (alternative common)


sakote

(colloquial) act of catching red-handed (of a criminal, etc.)


cariñosa

ᜃᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜐ (Baybayin)
karinyosa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cariñosa (“affectionate”), feminine form of cariñoso.

bor+

cariñosa (Philippine dance of Hispanic-era origin)


kawing

kawíng (canonical)
ᜃᜏᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
cauing (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawiŋ (“link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance”). See also Malay kahwin.

inh

act of linking one thing to another (with a hook or link)

state of being linked together (as parts of a chain)


ngalan

From Proto-Philippine *ŋájan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan. Compare Bikol Central ngaran, Cebuano ngalan,
Hiligaynon ngalan, Ilocano nágan,
Javanese ꦲꦫꦤ꧀ (aran),
Maranao ngaran,
Ratagnon aran,
Sundanese ngalan,
Tausug ngān,
Tetum naran,
Tonsawang ngalan, Tontemboan ngaran,
Tonsea ngaran,
Waray-Waray ngán,
Western Bukidnon Manobo ngazan,
Western Cham ngan and Yami ngaran.


kendi

ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
kinde (alternative)
kindi (alternative)

Borrowed from English candy, from Arabic سُكَّر قَنْدِي (sukkar qandī), from Arabic قَنْد (qand, “rock candy”), from Persian کند (kand), from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “scrap, broken piece, candied sugar, dried molasses”).

der

سُكَّر قَنْدِي


takuri

tl-noun

takurí or takurî (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜃᜓᜇᜒ)

takurí (canonical)
takurî (canonical)
ᜆᜃᜓᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐ.xʊˈɾɪʔ]

[t̪ɐ.xʊˈɾɛʔ]


joga

jogà (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜄ (Baybayin)
diyoga (alternative)
dyoga (alternative)

[ˈd͡ʒoː.ɣɐʔ]

[ˈd̪joː.ɣɐʔ]

From gay slang prefix jo- + yugyog (“shake up and down”) + -a or jo- + maga (“swollen”).


Tsinoy

Tsinóy (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
Chinoy (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

[t͡sɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

Coined by organization Kaisa Para sa Kaunlaran in the 1990's from a blend of Tsino + Pinoy, first attested in their publication The Chinese in the Philippines: Problems and Perspectives, Volume 2. See also Indonesian chindo.

coinage

Chinese Filipino (Filipinos of Chinese descent)


abenida

[ʔɐ.bɛˈn̪iː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish avenida (“avenue”), calque of French avenue.


abiso

Borrowed from Spanish aviso (“announcement”).


abnoy

abnóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
abno (alternative)

Clipping of abnormal + -oy, from English abnormal.

pancake made with unhatched, incubated duck egg


kalesa

Borrowed from Spanish calesa, from French calèche, from Czech kolesa.

Masayang sumakay ng kalesa sa mataong Binondo, ang katabi n'yo sa daan puro kotse.

It's fun to ride in a horse carriage at the populous Binondo, surrounded on the streets exclusively by cars.


bebot

Possibly a play on babae or English babe.

Huy pare, tingnan mo 'yung bebot sumayaw. Hataw kung gumalaw!

Hey dude, check out that hottie dancing. She can move!


salamin

Borrowed from Malay cermin. Compare Ilocano sarming, Kapampangan salamin, Bikol Central salming, Cebuano samin, Hiligaynon salaming, Waray-Waray saraming, Maranao salamin, Tausug samin.


yelo

ᜌᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
iyelo (alternative)
iyilo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish hielo (“ice”), from Latin gelu (“frost”).


bawang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”). Cognate with Ilocano bawang, Bikol Central bawang, and Malay bawang (“onion”).


bawang

bawáng (canonical)
ᜊᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bauang (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bawáŋ (“ravine”). Cognate with Ilocano bawang (“gorge”).

thickly forested mountain region with uneven terrain


latiti

tlb

(dialectal, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Batangas, Mindoro, Quezon)

latitî (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
latite (alternative colloquial)

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɪʔ]

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɛʔ]

playing of water or any liquid causing spillage


estereo

estéreó (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛsˌt̪ɛː.ɾɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish estéreo, short for estereofónico, ultimately from Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”) + Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


tomador

Borrowed from Spanish tomador, or analytically toma + -dor.

1983, Virgilio S. Almario, Mike L. Bigornia, Galian sa Arte at Tula (Philippines), Rene O. Villanueva, Galian: mga akda sa panahon ng krisis
Hindi rin totoong samahan lamang ito ng mga tomador. Nanatiling ipat sa tuntuning "uminom ng katamtaman lamang" sina Herminio Leltran Jr. at Jun Cruz Reyes, Dong de los Reyes (na noo'y iba yata ang pangalan), at Boy Leuterio Nicolas. Hindi rin totoong mga babaeng maeho" lamang ang makatatagal sa humahalimuyak na pulungan dahil angal sina Diwata Reyes, Vicky Epitacio, Ceeile Caguingin, Leonila Landrup, Flor Zabala, at Mariehu Bellarmino bagama't maaaring higit ia ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Iniwan ko ang misis ko sa apartment para estimahin ang mga tomador. Dahil kargado, ni wala akong matandaan sa buong seremonya. Nakatulog lang yata ako at nagising nang pumipila na ang mga gradweyt para tumanggap ng diploma. Pagkatapos ng lahat, deretso uli ako sa apartment at ipinagpatuloy ang inuman. SA maikling salita, nagpilit ako ng handaan sa bahay para kay Ani. Gumawa pa ako ng ibang dahilan kung sakaling tumanggi siya. Nagkataong nagbalikbayan ang ...

1998, Virgilio S. Almario, Kalahating Siglo Sa Ibabaw Ng Mundo at MGA Kataka-Takang: Alaala't Engkuwentro, Inilathala, →ISBN:


morge

Borrowed from Spanish morgue, from French morgue.

Samantala, ilang agwat mula sa nakapinid na pinto ng morge, si Apong Miguel na bahagya lamang nakatitighaw sa pag- wawating-wating ng paningin— nang ilabas sa morge— ay pagulapay na nagsisikap tu- mayo. Dalawang guwardiya ...

Tatak-Pinoy iyon, di kamukha nina Charice Pempengco at kung sinu-sino pang nagtitinda sa sarili sa Las Vegas at mga putahang pangkultural sa Kanluran ( parunggit ni Freddie). Samantala, sa morge sa Los Angeles, mapapansing may ...

2011, E. San Juan, Jr., MAHAL MAGPAKAILANMAN, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 97:


chicharon

tl-noun

chicharón (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜇᜓᜈ᜔)

chicharón (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t͡ʃɪt.t͡ʃɐˈɾon̪]


lunas

bottom (of rivers and vases, jars, glasses, pitchers, etc.)

Oleandra neriiformis (terrestrial epiphytic fern growing on treetops)

Bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris#Translingual

Lunasia amara (erect flowering shrub with smooth twigs)


lunas

Gonocaryum calleryanum (small erect flowering tree with long slender branches, used to cure stomach troubles)


landas

landás or landas (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

landás (canonical)
landas (canonical)
ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
langdas (alternative obsolete)
londas (alternative)
lundas (alternative obsolete)

Compare Malay landas (“solid surface on which heavy work can be done”).


lapas

Borrowed from Spanish la paz (“the peace”).

bor+

three days of carnival before Ash Wednesday

(Batangas) settlement of accounts or disagreements all around


peras

Borrowed from Spanish peras, plural of pera.


madrasta

Lumaki ako sa piling ng aking madrasta at ibang mga kapatid. May tindahan kami sa Tanauan. Madalas akong tumatao roon kapag walang pasok sa eskuwela. Sa mga oras na walang bumibili, nagbabasa ako ng mga inarkilang komiks.

2005, Nestor De Guzman, Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat, →ISBN:

alternative form of madrastra: stepmother


aktinyum

tl-noun

aktinyum (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐkˈt̪iː.ɲʊm]

Borrowed from English actinium, from French actinium, derived from Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”).

der

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-

der+

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-


kupo

kupò (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
copo (alternative)

act of covering oneself when bathing (especially the private parts)


pipino

Borrowed from Spanish pepino (“cucumber”).


pakialam

pakialám (canonical)
ᜉᜃᜒᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
pakielam (alternative informal)
pangialam (alternative)
paquialam (alternative)

May pakialam ako sa'yo dahil kaibigan kita.

I have concern for you because you're my friend.

right to encourage or pressure someone to do something

Ang kapal minsan ng pagpapakialam ng mga korporasyon sa news natin.

The meddling of corporations on our news can be shrewd.


donat

[ˈd̪oː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


kolonya

ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
kolonia (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish colonia (“colony”), from Latin colōnia (“colony; settlement”).


kolonya

Borrowed from Spanish colonia (“cologne”). See more at agwa-kolonya. Related to etymology 1.


batuta

[bɐˈt̪uː.t̪ɐʔ]


balisong

tl-noun

balisong or balisóng (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔)

balisong (canonical)
balisóng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Popularly believed to derive from the phrase baling sungay (literally “broken horn”), since the original balisongs were made from carved animal horns.

balisong; butterfly knife (fan knife with foldable blade protection)


plektro

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish plectro (“plectrum”), from Latin plēctrum, from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron).


katedral

katedrál (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish catedral (“cathedral”), from Late Latin cathedrālis.


daos

holding of a meeting, program, event, game, etc.


layak

flotsam; rubbish left by receding waters

fallen, dried leaves (scattered around a place)


ekinoks

ékinóks (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜒᜈᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English equinox with Spanish pronunciation with the reading of ⟨qui⟩.


talos

knowledge; understanding (about something)


kontes

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of kontest.


gobernadora

tl-noun

gobernadora (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ)

ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
gubernadora (alternative)

[ɡo.bɛɾ.n̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of gobernador: female governor


bayoneta

Borrowed from Spanish bayoneta, from French baïonnette.


silbato

ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜊᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
sirbato (alternative)


yaya

yaya (masculine yayo, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌ)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish yaya (“nanny; nursemaid”), from Spanish yaya (“granny”). Compare with Cebuano yaya, Catalan iaia.

bor+

nanny; nursemaid; female caregiver/caretaker; amah (girl or woman employed to take care of children)


yaya

yayà (canonical)
ᜌᜌ (Baybayin)
aya (alternative)

invitation; request; persuasion; inducement

person invited (to come to a certain place or to help do something)


yaya

name of the Baybayin letter ᜌ, corresponding to "ya"


palapa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq (“midrib of a coconut frond”). Compare Kapampangan palapa, Bikol Central palapa, Pangasinan palapa, Maguindanao palapa, Malay pelepah, Iban pelepah, and Tongan palalafa.

inh+

the pulpy midrib or petiole of a banana leaf or coconut palm frond or leaf of a similar tree


palapa

Borrowed from Maranao palapa' (“spice; flavor”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palapaq (“spices, condiments”). Compare Javanese ꦥ꧀ꦭꦥꦃ (plapah).

der

palapa (sweet and spicy Filipino condiment made with white scallions, ginger, turmeric, chili, and toasted grated coconut)


otel

Borrowed from Spanish hotel, from French hôtel, from Middle French hostel from Old French ostel, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of hotel and ospital.


propagandista

tl-noun

propagandista (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

(historical, specifically) member of the Propaganda movement in colonial Philippines