alimuom

alimuom or alimuóm (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜓᜂᜋ᜔)

alimuom (canonical)
alimuóm (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜓᜂᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
alimoom (alternative obsolete)
alimuong (alternative)

Probably affixed with Proto-Austronesian *qali-.

Anong bagong alimuom ang nasagap mo, Tulume?
 Anong bagong alimuom ang nasagap mo sa kalye?

What kind of new petrichor did you inhale, Tulume?
 What kind of new petrichor did you inhale at the street?

vapor rising from the ground after a light rain; petrichor after a shower


hawla

ᜑᜏ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
haula (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Spanish jaula, from Old French jaiole, from Late Latin caveola. Compare Cebuano halwa.


betsin

ᜊᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
vetsin (alternative)
bitsin (alternative)

[ˈbɛː.t͡ʃɪn̪]

Borrowed from English vetsin, a genericized trademark of Tien Chu Ve-Tsin food company and/or its particular Chinese reading in Hokkien 味精 (bī-cheng). The Ve-Tsin (味精) trademark itself comes from Shanghainese 味精 (⁶vi-cin₁), which is ultimately from Japanese 味(み)精(せい) (misei).

monosodium glutamate
monosodium glutamate


alawans

Borrowed from English allowance, from Middle English allouance, from Old French alouance.

allowance (amount that is granted); stipend

allowance (the taking into account of mitigating circumstances); leeway


gantimpala

tl-noun

gantimpalà (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜎ)

gantimpalà (canonical)
ᜄᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜎ (Baybayin)
ganting-pala (alternative)


pitso

pitsó (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
pecho (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish pecho (“chest; breast”), from Latin pectus. Compare English pec.

bor+

(zoology) brisket; breast of animals (especially fowls and birds)


timbulog

ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


abarka

Borrowed from Spanish abarcar, variant of abracar, contracted from Vulgar Latin *abbracchicāre, a verb based on Latin bracchium (“arm”).

act of monopolizing or hoarding everything


kitil

From Proto-Austronesian *kətil (“pinch off”). Compare Malay ketil. See also Ilocano kettel and Cebuano kutol.

act of cutting off or nipping (as with fingernails)

act of killing someone, especially by cutting someone's throat


tapunan

place for dumping garbage, etc. (such as a dumpsite)

place where undesirables are deported or exiled


mumshie

Unadapted borrowing from English mumsie, but with a palatalized -sie suffix. Used as part of Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

(gay slang) endearing term of address for a mother

(originally gay slang, by extension) friend (who is female or gay)

(originally gay slang, by extension) endearing term of address for a female or gay friend


nagwas

ᜈᜄ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
enagwas (alternative)
lagwas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish naguas, plural of nagua (“petticoat; underskirt; skirt”), from Taíno *nawa (“woman's loincloth”).

May payneta pa siya, (uy!)/may suklay pa mandin, (uy!)/nagwas de ohetes ang palalabasin

Her hair held with a pin (oh!)/her hand twirling a comb (oh!)/decorated half-slip drawing others to peep


singkamasan

tl-noun

singkamasan (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜋᜐᜈ᜔)


hawakan

part of an object one grasps with one's hand (as of umbrellas, cups, canes, etc.)

part of an object one holds on to (as of handrails, etc.)


putulin

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

(Boac-Mogpog Marinduque) yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)


ikasingko

Ako ay umalis noong ikasingko ng Enero.

I left when it was the fifth of January.


onse-onse

onse-onse (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜂᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜂᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜂᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

Reduplication of onse (“eleven”), alluding to the eleven spots present on its carapace.

Carpilius maculatus
Wikispecies:Carpilius maculatus

large spotted crab (Carpilius maculatus)


kaberdehan

kabérdehán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜑᜈ᜔)

kabérdehán (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Natanaw ng bata sa isang iglap ang kaberdehan ng gubat sa makalampas ng batong pader.

1996, Buenaventura S. Medina, The B.S. Medina Jr. Reader, page 101:

The child saw in a glance the greenness of the forest beyond the stone wall.


petsa de peligro

petsa de peligro (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ ᜇᜒ ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ ᜇᜒ ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌpɛː.t͡ʃɐ d̪ɛ pɛˈliː.ɡɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish fecha de peligro (“date of danger”).


buena mano

tl-noun

buena mano (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ ᜋᜈᜓ)


pan de regla

pan de regla (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

ᜉᜈ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)

[ˌpan̪ d̪ɛ ˈɾɛɡ.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish pan de regla (literally “menstrual bread”), due to its distinct red filling. The Filipino recipe site pepper.ph states: “...because it looks like the cross section of a used sanitary napkin”.

bor+

pan de regla (a soft bread with a distinct red filling, served in the Philippines)


puto-seko

ᜉᜓᜆᜓᜐᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
puto seco (alternative)
puto seko (alternative)
putoseko (alternative)
putuseko (alternative)

From Philippine Spanish poto seco, where Spanish seco (“dry”) and Philippine Spanish poto itself is from Tagalog puto which comes from Malay putu, which is from Tamil புட்டு (puṭṭu, “a South Indian Tamil pastry”). By surface analysis, puto + seko (“dry”).

surf

puto seco (a sweet rice cake pastry delicacy made up of sugar, cornstarch, rice flour, egg, and butter, but is drier unlike puto, which is cooked steamed and is softer in texture)


liyamado

Borrowed from Spanish llamado (“called”).

bor+

winning bet; favorite choice (of an animal in cockfights, races, etc.)


talaorasan

taláorasán (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜂᜇᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Kinukuwestiyon ng mga kritiko ang talaorasan ng Bibliya pangunahin nang dahil inaangkin nito na pinatnubayan ng Diyos ang pagsulat nito.

2011, “Kailan Isinulat ang Bibliya?”, in Ang Bantayan Naghahayag ng Kaharian ni Jehova, archived from the original on 2020-02-04:

Critics question the Bible's own timetable primarily because it claims to have been written with guidance from God.


talahanayan

tl-noun

taláhanayán or taláhanáyan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜑᜈᜌᜈ᜔)

taláhanayán (canonical)
taláhanáyan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜑᜈᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

table; tabulation (presentation of data)


buwelta

turning over; making bottom side-up; making upside-down


pabebe

→ English: pabebe wave

From pa- + bebe, with the root from English baby influenced by Spanish bebé.

(slang) an adult showing mannerisms of a child or acting like a kid


patutsada

Borrowed from Spanish patochada (“piece of nonsense; whopper; blunder”).

bor+

2015, ABS-CBN, “Duterte, Binuweltahan ang Patutsada ni Leni Robredo”, in ABS-CBN News:

Duterte answered back on Leni Robredo's insinuating statement.


gunimbilang

tl-noun

gunimbilang (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜈᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔)

ᜄᜓᜈᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


paskil

paskíl (canonical)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
paskin (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish pasquín (“lampoon”), from Italian Pasquino.


kaluban

Nakilala niya ito na ilang palamuting ginto mula sa kaluban ng espada ng kanilang ama.

2001, Saliksik ng mga akdang Maguindanaon, Teduray, Bagobo, at Manobo, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, →ISBN, page 197:

He recognized them as the gold decorations from the sword scabbard of his father.

sheath or scabbard of a sword or other bladed weapon


bayna

bayna (canonical)
bayná (canonical)
ᜊᜌ᜔ᜈ (Baybayin)

Ang mga Igorot ay mahusay gumawa ng mga kagamitan at sandatang ito, nguni't hindi sila gumagawa ng bayna o lalagyan, kaya't ang mga talim ay laging nakikita o nakalabas.

1973, Pedro A. Gagelonia, Ang Kalinangan ng mga unang Pilipino, National Bookstore, page 151:

The Igorots are good at making these tools and weapons, but they do not make sheaths nor holders, thus the blades are either shown or exposed.


kondisyon

tl-noun

kondisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kondisyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kondision (alternative obsolete)

conditions; terms; stipulations; provisions


astinggal

astinggál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎ᜔)

astinggál (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐs.t̪ɪŋˈɡal]

Borrowed from Malay istinggar, ultimately from Portuguese espingarda.


alkabus

Borrowed from Spanish arcabuz, from French arquebuse, from Dutch haakbus (“hook tube”).


bobotante

bóbotánte (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Blend of bobo (“stupid”) + botante (“voter”).

blend

stupid voter (one who votes not based on qualifications)


lityo

Borrowed from Spanish litio (“lithium”).


berilyo

Borrowed from Spanish berilio (“beryllium”).


alkabusero

tl-noun

alkabusero (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜊᜓᜐᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜊᜓᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Ang hukbong ito na nanggaling sa Maynila ay nahahati sa iba't ibang hanay: ang nasa gitna ay pinamumunuan ni Kapitan Enrique Pinto at may walong alkabusero at anim na karabina.

1971, José Apolonio Burgos, Ang lobang itim: nobelang makasaysayan, R. Martinez, page 68:

This troop that came from Manila is divided into different columns: the one in the middle is led by Captain Enrique Pinto and it has eight arquebusiers and six carabineers.


layaw

freedom from parental control; pampering treatment by parents

independence and comfort in one's living

lesser balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicabacum)


siyaho

Borrowed from Hokkien 姐夫 (chiá-hu, “elder sister's husband”), recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) "cuñado, marido de hermana mayor!".

bor+

brother-in-law (husband of an elder sister)

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


plawta

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
plauta (alternative dated)

Borrowed from Spanish flauta, from Occitan and Old Occitan flaut.


aksidente

tl-noun

aksidente (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐk.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish accidente (“accident”), from Latin accidentem.


gremyo

Noon pa mang ikalawang hati ng ika-19 na siglo ay may naitatag nang mga gremyo, ang kapisanan ng mga manggagawa sa pagtutulungan sa kabuhayan at pagdiriwang sa pista ng mga santong patron.

1988, Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), KPD Unang aklat: ang kasaysayan ng lipunang Pilipino, page 39:

There were guilds that were already built in the second half of the 19th century, the association of the workers for mutual assistance for livelihood and celebration of the feast of the patron saint.

Hindi na ngayon nakakasapat ang pyudal na sistema ng industriya, kung saan monopolisado ang produksyong industriyal ng saradong mga gremyo, para sa lumalaking hinihingi ng bagong mga pamilihan.

2006, Manipesto ng Partido Komunista, Palimbagang Sentral Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, archived from the original on 2019-10-19, page 37:

The feudal system of industry, in which industrial production was monopolised by closed guilds, now no longer suffices according to the growing wants of the new markets.


dairi

dairì (canonical)
ᜇᜁᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
dayiri (alternative obsolete)
daidi (alternative)

[d̪ɐˈʔiː.ɾɪʔ]


proseso

Borrowed from Spanish proceso (“process”).

Hindi na kailangang hintayin pa ang katapusan ng proseso.

1996, Andrew B. Gonzalez, The Andrew B. Gonzalez, FSC reader, page 237:

It is not necessary anymore to wait for the end of the process.

Ang proseso ng pananakop ang siya ring nagbigay daan sa malayang pagpasok ng mga pilosopiyang kanluranin na siyang nag- impluwensiya sa takbo ng pagsulong ng mga kolonya.

1998, The Diliman Review, Volume 46, Issue 2, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, page 6:

The process of conquest also paved way to the free entry of Western philosophy which influenced the course of progress of the colonies.


triyanggulo

tl-noun

triyángguló (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓ)

triyángguló (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
trianggulo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish triángulo (“triangle”).

bor+

Sa altar naman ay nakalarawan ang simbolo ng Diyos Ama na isang triyanggulong may mata sa gitna.

1979, The Diliman Review, Volumes 27-28, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines, page 12:

And in the altar the symbol of God the Father is represented by a triangle with an eye in the middle.


tilasitha

tilasithâ (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜎᜐᜒᜆ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

(geometry, obsolete) triangle; triangular figure


rektanggulo

tl-noun

rektángguló (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓ)

rektángguló (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛkˌt̪aŋ.ɡʊˈlo]

Borrowed from Spanish rectángulo (“rectangle”).


brilyante

tl-noun

brilyante (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Ang brilyante at ang uling ay parehong karbon. Pero ang brilyante ay makinang at matigas, samantalang ang uling ay maitim at madaling madurog.

2001, Retorika: mabisa at makabuluhang pagpapahayag, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 197:

Diamond and charcoal are both carbon. However, diamond is shiny and hard, while charcoal is black and easy to crush.

diamond (especially one of exceptional brilliance)


Tseko

Tseko (feminine Tseka, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish checo, from Czech Čech.

Czech (person from the Czech Republic or of Czech descent)


hirasol

Borrowed from Spanish girasol (“sunflower”).


hibla

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish hebra (“fiber”) with shift of stress, from Latin fibra. Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.


unlak

unlák (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
onglac (alternative)
onlac (alternative)
unglak (alternative obsolete)

deference; honoring, following, or giving in to another's wish or request

(obsolete) doing again what was being done before


angkong

Borrowed from Hokkien 俺公 (án-kong, “paternal grandfather”). Compare Betawi engkong.

Coordinate term: ama

Mestisang Tsina naman si Nanay. Negosyante sina Ama at Angkong ko. Purong Tsino si Angkong. Lumikas mula sa Macao ang pamilya nila at dito sa Pilipinas nagtayo ng isang maliit na tindahan hanggang sa lumago ito at naging isang grocery.

2006, Christine S. Bellen, “Trese”, in Carla M. Pacis, editor, Bagets: an anthology of Filipino young adult fiction, UP Press, page 11:

Mom is a Chinese mestiza. My grandmother and grandfather are businesspeople. Grandpa is a pure Chinese. Their family evacuated from Macau and it was here in the Philippines where they started a small store until it flourished and became a grocery.

Sa Pilipinas na napangasawa ni Angkong si Ama. Pilipina ang nanay ni Ama pero sila ang mas mahigpit sa mga pamahiing Tsino.

It was in the Philippines already where Grandpa married Grandma. Grandma's mother is a Filipina but they are the ones who are stricter in Chinese superstitions.

term of address for one's paternal grandfather


blangko

Borrowed from Spanish blanco, from Early Medieval Latin blancus.


lelong

Possibly a colloquial clipping of Spanish abuelo (“grandfather”) + -ng. See also lelang, ninong, ninang, manong, manang, etc.

Ang pang̃alan ng pangulo sa bawat balangay ay Dato na ang kahulugan sa wikang Malaya (ani Dr. de Tavera ay nuno ó lelong ano pa ng̃a't dito'y ating mapagninilay na ang ayos sa pámunuan ay isang pamumuno sa gulang̃an.

1907, Sofronion G. Calderon, Dating Pilipinas:


kerosin

kérosín (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜇᜓᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kerusin (alternative)

[ˌkɛː.ɾoˈsɪn̪]


dyipni

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
diyipni (alternative)


dalubituinan

tl-noun

dalubituinán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜓᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈᜈ᜔)

dalubituinán (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜓᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
dalubbituinan (alternative)


loryat

ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
lauriat (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 鬧熱 /闹热 (lāu-lia̍t, “bustling; filled with activity”), with semantic shift and slight phonological change due to /l/~/ɾ/ allophony in Hokkien.

bor+

lauriat (a special Chinese banquet with many courses and dishes, especially as served in the Philippines)


pamagat

pamagát (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
magat (alternative clipping obsolete)
gat (alternative clipping obsolete)

Antoon Postma
Laguna Copperplate Inscription

According to Postma (1991), it could be from Old Javanese pamgat /pamagat /pamĕgĕt (“a person invested with a high office or rank at court; leader; chief”) as found in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, or possibly from Old Tagalog. Alternatively, possibly conjugated through pa- + magat or pam- + bagat. Compare Sundanese pameget (“man; mister”), Indonesian pameget (“male; master”), Malay pamegat (“lord; master; mister; sir”). See also Malay megat.

cog

Anong pamagat ng iyong isinulat na tula?

title (name of a book, writing, paper, film, video, musical piece, painting, sculpture, or other work of art)

may pamagat na Gobernador Heneral

(dated) honorific prepended or post-nominal appended to a person's name to signify either veneration, official position or a professional or academic qualification


analisis

análisís (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌn̪aː.lɪˈsɪs]

Borrowed from Spanish análisis (“analysis”), from Latin analysis, from Medieval Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (análusis).


literasi

[ˌliː.t̪ɛ.ɾɐˈsɪ]


akata

Borrowed from Spanish acatar, from Old Spanish acatar, from Vulgar Latin *accattāre, from Late Latin cattāre, from Latin captāre.

looking after; attending to; paying attention to; taking care of


kawal

Borrowed from Malay kawal, from Tamil காவல் (kāval).

(obsolete) something that prevents bundling something for transport


torete

[t̪oˈɾɛː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish torete, diminutive form of toro.


bilao

ᜊᜒᜎᜂ (Baybayin)
bilauo (alternative)
bilawo (alternative)

→ Spanish: bilao

Unknown. Possibly from either:
* Proto-Philippine *bijaqu (“winnowing basket”). Compare Ilocano bigao and Pangasinan bigao.
* Hokkien 米漏 (bí-lāu, “rice winnower”), according to Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948).

inh

round and shallow basket tray traditionally made of bamboo splits (used for winnowing rice or carrying food)

(obsolete) sending of plenty of sweets and alcoholic beverage to the woman and her parents the day before sending the dowry

(obsolete) superstition of placing scissors on the basket tray to discover the thief


mulala

Borrowed from Kapampangan mulala (“simpleton; stupefied”).


anghang

angháng (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
hanghang (alternative)

Apheresis of /h/ from variant hanghang. Exact etymology is unknown but possibilities are:
* From Central Proto-Philippine *haŋhaŋ
* Reduplication of halang (“spiciness; pungence”) with elision of /l/.
Compare Pangasinan hanghang, Cebuano hang /halang, and Hiligaynon kahang.

Ang anghang naman!

spiciness; hotness of flavor; sharpness in taste or smell


ewan

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


hasinto

Borrowed from Spanish jacinto (“hyacinth”).


asimilasyon

tl-noun

asimilasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜋᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

asimilasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜒᜋᜒᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish asimilación, from Latin assimilātiōnem. By surface analysis, asimila + -syon.


niyon

niyón or niyon (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

niyón (canonical)
niyon (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


gilis

Blend of gilid (“side”) + hilis (“slant; diagonal”).


tagyelo

Pero sa Pilipinas, walang tagyelo o taglamig, at ang bahay ay hindi nasesidad o kailangang-kailangan.

2001, Kasaysayan: Journal of the National Historical Institute, Volume 1, Issue 4, National Historical Institute, page 136:

But in the Philippines, there is no winter, and the house is not a necessity nor an absolute need.


tagniyebe

[t̪ɐɡˈɲɛː.bɛ]

[t̪ɐɡˈn̪jɛː.bɛ]


tagbagyo

tagbagyó (canonical)
ᜆᜄ᜔ᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Umuulan noon dahil Hunyo na at nag-uumpisa na ang tagbagyo.

2009, Alon Collective (Literary group), Vicente Garcia Groyon, Watershed: selected writings, University of San Agustin Pub. House, page 19:

It was raining that time because it was already June and the stormy season was about to begin.


tag-ani

[t̪ɐɡˈʔaː.n̪ɪ]


tagtrangkaso

tl-noun

tagtrangkaso (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜃᜐᜓ)

ᜆᜄ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜃᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Kapag alam mong tagtrangkaso na o panahon na ng mga sipon sipon etc., mas dalasan ang paghuhugas ng mga kamay.

2014 January 29, Bettinna P. Carlos, “Kalusugan ay kayamanan (Last part)”, in Pang-Masa Palaban, Maasahan - Philstar.com:

If you know it is already flu season, increase the frequency of hand washing.


kayeluhan

ᜃᜌᜒᜎᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kayelohan (alternative)

Dito’y kailangang sumakay nang kalahating oras sa isang helicopter patungo sa airport, magbiyahe nang dalawang oras sa eroplano sa pagtawid sa sentral na dakong kayelohan at isa pang maikling biyahe ng helicopter sa pagtawid sa loob patungo sa Ammassalik sa baybaying silangan. Ang tanawin doon ay tunay na kabigha-bighani—pagkatatayog na mga bulubundukin at mga kayelohan sa ibaba.

1989, “Panahon ng Pag-aani sa Lupain ng Yelo at Niyebe”, in Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY, archived from the original on 2024-02-02:

Ang temperatura ay tumataas na ng sa 1.5˚ Celsius na patuloy ng umiinit ang mundo, natutunaw ang kayeluhan sa karagatan, tumataas ang tubig sa dagat at ito ang pinagmumulan ng kalamidad.

2017 November 27, Elida Bianca Marcial, “Gov. Nini Ynares: “Ang Diyos, nagpapatawad; pero ang climate change at kalikasan, hindi!””, in ANGONO - The Art Capital of the Philippines, archived from the original on 2020-02-03:

The temperature is rising around 1.5° Celsius and the world continues to heat up, the ice in the ocean is melting, the sea water is rising and it is the origin of calamities.


watak

waták (canonical)
ᜏᜆᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
uatac (alternative)

state or condition of being disunited or widely separated from one another


sampa

act of climbing over on top of something

(finance, colloquial) entry; coming in (of money as income)

(chiefly law) filing a formal request to some office


karetera

[kɐ.ɾɛˈt̪ɛː.ɾɐ]


akibat

ᜀᜃᜒᜊᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
acqibat (alternative)
acquibat (alternative)
aquibat (alternative)

[ʔɐˈxiː.bɐt̪̚]

Possibly from Malay akibat, from Arabic عَاقِبَة (ʕāqiba, “consequence; obstacle”). See also Classical Persian عاقِبَت (āqiḇat, “consequence, conclusion, ramification”).

ncog

band; sash (worn across from shoulder to side as an insignia)

(obsolete) acquisition of an extensive farmland


panganinuhan

tl-noun

panganinuhan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅᜈᜒᜈᜓᜑᜈ᜔)


COVID-19 (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ ᜈᜌ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ ᜈᜌ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌkoː.vɪd̪ n̪aɪ̯n̪ˈt̪ɪn̪]

[ˌkoː.bɪd̪ n̪aɪ̯n̪ˈt̪ɪn̪]

Unadapted borrowing from English COVID-19.


hinggigitna

tl-noun

hinggigitnâ (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈ)

hinggigitnâ (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈ (Baybayin)

[hɪŋ.ɡɪ.ɣɪt̪ˈn̪aʔ]

From hing- + gitna, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


esopago

[ʔɛˌsoː.pɐˈɣo]


unaba

[ʔʊˈn̪aː.bɐ]

Annona muricata
Annona muricata#Translingual

(uncommon) soursop; Annona muricata (tree or fruit)


bisiro

colt; foal; calf (of cows, carabaos, horses, etc.)


desimetro

desímetró or desimetro (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

desímetró (canonical)
desimetro (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

desimetrong parisukat

2012, Aa. Vv., Dizionario Filippino: Filippino-Italiano, Italiano-Filippino, De Agostini, page X:


telebabad

From a blend of telepono (“telephone”) + babad (“soaked”) and a blend of telebisyon (“television”) + babad (“soaked”).


polonchay

tl-noun

póloncháy (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜌ᜔)

póloncháy (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
polonsay (alternative)
polontsay (alternative)
polunchay (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 菠倫菜 /菠伦菜 (po͘-lûn-chhài, “spinach”).


desilitro

tl-noun

desilitro (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

“Ang mga nasa hustong gulang ay dapat na uminom ng di-kukulangin sa walong 2.4 desilitrong baso ng tubig sa isang araw,” sabi ng Times.

1996, “Pagmamasid sa Daigdig — Gumising! 1996”, in Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY, archived from the original on 2020-03-02:

“Adults should drink at least eight 2.4 decilitre glasses of water a day,” says the Times.


sentilitro

sentilitro (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

(metrology) centilitre (one hundredth of a litre)


aktiba

Borrowed from Spanish activar, from activo (“active”) + -ar.


Bikolano

Bikolano (feminine Bikolana, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜃᜓᜎᜈᜓ)

Bikolana (feminine)
ᜊᜒᜃᜓᜎᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Bicolano (alternative)


tigil

rest; break; temporary suspension of activity


tigad

[ˈt̪iː.ɣɐd̪̚]

big basket-like container made of woven bamboo or rattan splits with a narrow mouth (usually used for transporting chicken or suspended from the ceiling to keep food out of reach of rats, cats, etc.)


tigang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təgaŋ, from *-gaŋ (“dry”).


tikwas

tikwás (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ticuas (alternative)


tiklop

tiklóp (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜓᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
ticlop (alternative)


tikho

tight or dry cough (especially of a person with tuberculosis)


hanggan

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋga (“until, as far as”). Compare hangga, Kapampangan angga, and Hanunoo hanggan. Possibly containing a fossilized suffix *-an, or back-formation, from hangganan, via hangga + -nan.


ladya

ladyâ (canonical)
ladya (canonical)
ᜎᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
ladia (alternative)

From Malay raja (“king”), from Sanskrit राजन् (rājan, “king; sovereign; prince; chief”). Doublet of raha.


relikaryo

Ang relikaryo ay mga labi o naiwang gamit ng isang namatay na tao.

2007, Yakal Wika 5' 2007 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 237:

A relic is the remains or objects left behind by a person who died.

Iyon nga ang relikaryong taglay ni Maria Clara noong pista ng San Diego at dala ng habag ay ipinagkaloob ng dalaga sa isang ketongin.

1999, José Rizal, translated by Virgilio Almario, El Filibusterismo, →ISBN, page 69:

It was the same locket that Maria Clara had worn during the fiesta in San Diego and which she had in a moment of compassion given to a leper.


tagmangga

tagmanggá (canonical)
ᜆᜄ᜔ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐɡ.mɐŋˈɡa]


tadyak

tadyák (canonical)
ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
tadyac (alternative)
taryac (alternative)
taryak (alternative)

Compare Cebuano tindak (“kick”), Hiligaynon tindak (“kick”), and Indonesian terjang (“kick; lunge”).


tadhana

tadhanà (canonical)
ᜆᜇ᜔ᜑᜈ (Baybayin)
tarhana (alternative obsolete)
taghana (alternative obsolete)

[t̪ɐd̪ˈhaː.n̪ɐʔ]

Possibly from Sanskrit, possibly from either:
* From Sanskrit साधन (sādhana, “leading straight to a goal; bringing about, carrying out; acquisition; preparation”)
* From Sanskrit सन्धान (sandhāna, “bond; union; alliance; preparation”)
* From Sanskrit विधान (vidhāna, “rule, regulation; fate, accomplishment”).
Compare Ilocano sagana, Kapampangan tagana, Cebuano tagana, Hiligaynon tigana, Waray-Waray tagana, and Tausug tagama.

cog

provision; stipulation; term (of an agreement, contract, ordinance, law, etc.)

determined and fixed time (for payment of debts, completion of an obligation, etc.)

(obsolete) secret about a negotiation or affair

(obsolete) act of preparing something in secret for a purpose

(obsolete) arrangement of two people in accordance to their wishes


tabing

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabəŋ, *tabiŋ (“sheltering cover”). Compare Ilocano tabing and Javanese ꦠꦮꦼꦁ (taweng) / ꦠꦮꦶꦁ (tawing).

temporary screen or curtain used to conceal something on the other side

manner of how a curtain or screen was placed


sungaw

showing of oneself through an opening (a hole, door, window, etc.)


halimunmon

tl-noun

halimunmón (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔)

halimunmón (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


hayok

Tetrastigma harmandii
Wikispecies:Tetrastigma harmandii

woody vine up to 10 meters long (Tetrastigma harmandii)


hikayat

Borrowed from Malay hikayat, from Classical Persian حِکَایَت (hikāyat), from Arabic حِكَايَة (ḥikāya).


ilalim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i daləm (“below, beneath; inside”), from Proto-Austronesian *daləm (“in, inside; deep”). Doublet of idalum from Hiligaynon idalum. The i- prefix is likely related to the Proto-Austronesian *i (location marker) (cf. ito, ibabaw, itaas, ilaya).


inakay

[ʔɪˈn̪aː.xaɪ̯]

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˈxaɪ̯]


inahin

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˈhɪn̪]


indayog

[ʔɪn̪ˈd̪aː.joɡ̚]


hunain

[hʊˈn̪aː.ʔɪn̪]

Hunain ni Pitagoras. Sa isang tatsihang tadlong, ang parirami ng gilis ay katumbas ng dagup ng mga parirami ng dalawang ibang gilid: a²#43;b²#61;k²

1978, Juan Si Debodre, Aghimuing Panulatan, Manila:

Pythagorean theorem. In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a²+b²=c².


mag-ama

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-amax. By surface analysis, mag- + ama.


ganid

[ˈɡaː.n̪ɪd̪̚]

(figurative) greedy person; selfish person

(obsolete) hunting dog (differentiating it from the ayam (“guard dog”))


espasol

espasól (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜐᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ispasol (alternative)

espasol (cylinder-shaped Filipino rice cake)


himig

tone of voice; intonation of one's voice

first appearance of water in digging a well


hinuha

hinuhà (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈᜓᜑ (Baybayin)
hinoha (alternative)

From earlier variant hinguha, from hing- + kuha. Later evolved to have separate entries in dictionaries. Doublet of hinguha.


balyan

balyán (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
balian (alternative)


inanak

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˈn̪ak̚]


digmaan

ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
rigmaan (alternative)

[d̪ɪɡˈmaː.ʔɐn̪]


pagbigkas

tl-noun

pagbigkás (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔)

pagbigkás (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


dumog

inundation of an unruly crowd (in entering, buying, etc.)


radyasyon

radyasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

radyasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜇ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
radiyasyon (alternative)

[ɾɐd.d͡ʒɐˈʃon̪]

radiation (shooting forth of anything from a point or surface)

radiation (transfer of energy via radiation)


tigib

condition of being filled up to full capacity


tatak

brand (made by burning with a hot iron to mark cattle)


karabaw

[kɐ.ɾɐˈbaʊ̯]

Ultimately from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kər(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Asi karabaw, Hiligaynon karabaw, Bikol Central karabaw, Waray-Waray karabaw, Cebuano kabaw, Tausug kabaw, Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Indonesian kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ).

der

alternative form of kalabaw: carabao; water buffalo (large ungulate)


biyenan

biyenán (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜌᜒᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bianan (alternative)
biyanan (alternative)
byanan (alternative)
byenan (alternative)


tinikling

tl-noun

tiniklíng (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

tiniklíng (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪ.n̪ɪkˈlɪŋ]

From tikling (“species of rail”) + -in-.

tinikling (native Philippine folk dance inspired by the movements of the tikling bird)


rabya

Borrowed from Spanish rabia, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs. Doublet of rabis.


silag

clear visibility through transparent or translucent objects


durog

[ˈd̪uː.ɾoɡ̚]

act of crushing into pieces or into powder


iwal

body motion to remove pressure on a painful part of the body (as from wounds, bedsores, backsores, etc.)


adoptador

adoptadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

adoptadór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish adoptador, from Latin adoptātor.


balatkayo

balatkayô (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜃᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


halumigmig

halumigmíg (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜓᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔)

halumigmíg (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜓᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[hɐ.lʊ.mɪɡˈmɪɡ̚]

May dalawang anyo ang halumigmig sa kahoy, ang malaya (nakikita) at ang tago (nakatago).

200X, Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan 6, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 220:

Moisture in wood has two forms: free and hidden.


sayimsim

sayimsím (canonical)
ᜐᜌᜒᜋ᜔ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)


kayarian

[kɐ.jɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]


kayarian

[kɐ.jɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]


estruktura

estruktura (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
istraktura (alternative)
istruktura (alternative)

[ʔɛs.t̪ɾʊkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish estructura, from Latin strūctūra.


wikang kompromiso

wikang kompromiso (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ)

ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


Bikolana

female equivalent of Bikolano: female Bikolano (person)


pangadyi

pangadyî (canonical)
ᜉᜅᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ (Baybayin)
pang̃aryi (alternative)

[pɐ.ŋɐdˈd͡ʒɪʔ]

[pɐ.ŋɐd̪ˈjɪʔ]

From pang- + *adyi or *kadyi. According to Fr. San Buena Ventura (1613), the word is from Brunei.
Possible etymological theories of the root are:
* According to Blust, ultimately from Javanese ꦲꦗꦶ (aji, “magic formula; amulet”), likely through Malay aji (“wisdom; mantra”). See also Old Javanese aji (“holy writ; scriptures; sacred text; authoritative text”).
* From Malay kaji (“lesson; study”), with the root ultimately from Arabic حَجِّي (ḥajjī, “pilgrim to Mecca”). See also haj.
Compare Kapampangan pangadi, Bikol Central pangadyi, Cebuano pangadyi, Hiligaynon pangadi, Maranao pangadi', Tausug pangadji', Javanese ꦔꦗꦶ (ngaji), and Malay pengajian.

der

(Islam) a Muslim prayer recited by a Muslim cleric called sheik

supplicating prayers or incantations of a katalona


Asyano

[ʔɐˈʃaː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish asiano, from Latin āsiānus, from Ancient Greek Ἀσιανός (Asianós).


dait

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dáqit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaqit (“to sew”).


damit-panloob

tl-noun

damít-panloób (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

damít-panloób (canonical)
ᜇᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
ramit-panloob (alternative)


lukad

removal of coconut meat with a special knife (with the meat coming out unbroken)

(by extension) gleaning of what is left (on the pot, pan, or dish)


ibos

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibus. Compare Malay ibus.

inh+

stripped buri palm leaves (used as wrapper for suman)


jaket

[ˈd͡ʒaː.xɛt̪̚]


bareta

[bɐˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

isang bareta ng sabon

isang bareta ng ginto

isang bareta ng tsokolate

bar (a cuboid piece of any solid commodity)


diit

slight pressure; slight touch (against another)


dikit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkət (“paste, adhesive”) (compare Bikol Central dukot, Malay dekat (“near; close”), and Waray-Waray dukot), from Proto-Austronesian *dəkəC (compare Paiwan djekec (“rice crust”)).

inh

(figurative) act of getting very close to another


dikit

dikít (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
rikit (alternative)

(literary, poetic) exquisite beauty; loveliness


dikit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkət (“ignite, set aflame”).

starting of a fire (especially for cooking)


parak

parák (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
parat (alternative)

Borrowed from Cebuano parak (“fat and round person; police officer”).


nikab

nikáb (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜃᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
niqab (alternative)


pigura

(figurative) act of sizing up (especially of one's beauty or figure)


kostura

ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
kustura (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish costura, from Vulgar Latin *cōnsutūra, from Latin cōnsūtus.


unlad

unlád (canonical)
ᜂᜈ᜔ᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
onlar (alternative)
onglar (alternative)
unlar (alternative)
unglad (alternative obsolete)
unglar (alternative obsolete)

[ʔʊn̪ˈlad̪̚]

(obsolete) growth or broadening of leaves from a tree


sapak

sapák (canonical)
ᜐᜉᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
sapac (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapak<t:crack, split, or sound of a crack of split. Compare Bikol Central sapak.

inh

slap; splitting downward blow using the hand


sapak

part of a tree where a branch has broken off

breaking of a tree branch (from the main trunk)

act of stretching open the mouth (to dislocate the jaws)

act of splitting something lengthwise, especially by the grain


pulot

From Proto-Philippine *pudut (“to pick up”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pu(n)zut.

act of picking up something from the floor


pulot

pulót (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
pulut (alternative)
polot (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut (“birdlime; sticky sap of a breadfruit”). Compare Malay pulut.


diksyunaryo

tl-noun

diksyunaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of diksiyunaryo.


kukote

ᜃᜓᜃᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kokote (alternative)
kukute (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cocote (“occiput”).

bor+

(anatomy) back of the skull or head; occiput

Nakaukit sa kukote ko.

Walang laman ang kanyang kukote.


uraro

uraró (canonical)
ᜂᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
uraru (alternative)


gusgos

untidiness; dirty appearance (usually of a person in rags)


laklak

eating by lapping with the tongue (as of dogs, cats, etc.)

Ayan na nga, tumataas na ang amats ko / Kasi laklak maghapon, magdamag / [...] / Laklak ka nang laklak / Mukha ka nang parak

There it is now, my intoxication is growing now / Because of drinking all day, all night / … / [With] your drinking and drinking / You already look like a cop


walat

walat (canonical)
wálat (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
warat (alternative adjective)

demolition; destruction of structures (esp. of light materials)


buratsero

tl-noun

buratsero (feminine buratsera, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜓ)

buratsera (feminine)
ᜊᜓᜇᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
boratsero (alternative)

[bʊ.ɾɐtˈt͡ʃɛː.ɾo]

[bʊ.ɾɐt̪ˈsɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish borrachero, the shift in meaning due to Spanish -ero being reinterpreted as the doer suffix. By surface analysis, boratso + -ero.

Naibabala na sa akin, noon pa, ng mga boratsero sa Lucban: Magtagal na sa suso. Huwag lamang sa baso. Wala na akong dahilan para bimbinin ka.

1998, Virgilio Almario, Kalahating siglo sa ibabaw ng mundo at mga kataka-takang: alaala't engkuwentro:


gulpi

gulpí (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
gulpe (alternative)

Early borrowing from Spanish golpe, from Old Spanish colpe, from Late Latin colpus, syncopation of *colŭpus, alteration of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos). Doublet of golpe.


kabinian

kabinían (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜒᜈᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bubungan

From bubong + -an. Compare Ratagnon bubungan.


Baluga

[bɐˈluː.ɣɐʔ]


kamisa

Borrowed from Spanish camisa, from Old Spanish camisa, from Late Latin camisia, borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *hamiþi, from *hamō + *-iþi.


ataud

[ʔɐ.t̪ɐˈʔud̪̚]


magbababoy

tl-noun

magbababóy (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

magbababóy (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From mag- + baboy, from an initial reduplication of baboy.


pangyayari

From pang- + yari with the root word's first syllable reduplicated.


tambyolo

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of tambiyolo.


galula

Possibly from Malay geroda, from Sanskrit गरुड (garuḍa, “garuda”), according to Potet (2016). See also Kapampangan Galura, Balinese ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garoda) and Javanese ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha).


akses

Borrowed from English access, ultimately from Latin accessus. Doublet of akseso.


dumal

degradedness; baseness; disgracefulness (of one's deeds or character)


krisis

Borrowed from Spanish crisis, from Ancient Greek κρίσις (krísis).


arlekin

arlekín (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
arlikin (alternative)

[ʔɐɾ.lɛˈxɪn̪]

Borrowed from Spanish arlequín, from Italian arlecchino, from Arlecchino (“Harlequin”), a commedia dell'arte character.


akle

aklé (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
acle (alternative)
acli (alternative)
akli (alternative)

→ English: acle, akle

→ Spanish: acle

From Southern Luzon-axis *akli (“Albizzia acle”). Compare Pangasinan akli, Kapampangan akli, and Cebuano akli.

a medium-sized leguminous tree, Albizia acle


biyak

biyák (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜌᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
biak (alternative)
byak (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *bəʔak. Compare Bikol Central baak, Cebuano buak, and Hokkien 劈 (phiak).

splitting in halves (usually of round or cylindrical objects)

big slit or cut made on the stomach (as in surgery)


palitaw

From pa- + litaw. Compare Kapampangan pepalto and Kinaray-a palutaw.

palitaw (a small, flat, sweet rice cake eaten in the Philippines)


kakanin

Initial reduplication of kanin. Equivalent to syncopic form of kakainin.

rice cake, usually one served with shredded coconut


sapin-sapin

sapín-sapín (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜉᜒᜈ᜔)

sapín-sapín (canonical)
ᜐᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sapinsapin (alternative)

[sɐˌpɪn̪ sɐˈpɪn̪]

sapin-sapin (layered glutinous rice and coconut dessert in Philippine cuisine)


alburnos

alburnós (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

alburnós (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish albornoz, from Arabic الْبُرْنُس (al-burnus), from Byzantine Greek βίρρος (bírrhos), from Latin birrus, from Gaulish *birros. Doublet of birete.


direksiyon

direksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

direksiyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
direksyon (alternative)

[d̪ɪ.ɾɛkˈʃon̪]


parian

→ Spanish: parián

[pɐ.ɾɪˈʔan̪]

From Brunei Malay padian (“water-market; floating market; vendors on boats”). Compare Ilocano parian (“marketplace”), Cebuano parian (“bazaar”), Maranao padi'an (“weekly market”), Maguindanao padian (“market”), and Tausug parian (“market”). See also Cebuano Pagadian. By folk etymology, from pa- + riyan, literally “go-to place”.

bor

Spanish Philippines
w:Captaincy General of the Philippines

w:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)

(historical) parián (historical marketplaces across colonial Spanish Philippines and Spanish Formosa where non-Christian Sangley Chinese were relegated to as ghettos during the Early Spanish Colonial Era in the Philippines after the Sangley Rebellion)


parian

[pɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]

(obsolete) place where wood are split with wedges


komisyon

komisyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kumisyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish comisión, from Latin commissiōnem.

charge; work to be done (given by someone)


tulya

tulyá (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
tulla (alternative)
tuliya (alternative)

Corbicula manilensis (a species of clam)


Indio

tl-noun

Indió or Índió (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓ)

Indió (canonical)
Índió (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
Indiyo (alternative)
indiyo (alternative)
Indyo (alternative)
indyo (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish indio (“native of the Spanish East Indies, especially the Captaincy General of the Philippines”). The term in Spanish itself was originally neutral in connotation, just like how it is perceived with Native Americans in Latin America and Indians from India, called in the same way in Spanish. It later became understood as a derogatory term in the Philippines in the later years of the Spanish colonial period, especially during the Philippine Revolution, likely due to some historical condescending usage. See indoy (“ugly”). See also Indonesian inlander, Cebuano inday.

ubor

native of the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines)

Captaincy General of the Philippines
History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
Latin America
Philippine Revolution
Spanish East Indies


arawan

[ʔɐ.ɾɐˈwan̪]

[ʔɐˈɾaː.wɐn̪]


testura

[t̪ɛsˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


sanyo

Blend of isang (“one”) + anyo (“form; shape”).


pighati

[pɪɡ.hɐˈt̪ɪʔ]

From Malay pedih (“smarting pain”) + Malay hati (“emotions”, literally “liver”), meaning "heartache", or literally “smarting liver”. Compare Javanese ꦥꦿꦶꦲꦠꦶꦤ꧀ (prihatin), and Malay pedih hati, as well as Tagalog dalamhati, luwalhati, ulohati, lunggati, and salaghati. An alternate etymology posits it to be from a contracted blend of lupig + hati (“emotions”, literally “liver”).


perehil

Borrowed from Spanish perejil (“parsley”).


artropodo

tl-noun

artrópodó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜇᜓ)

artrópodó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾˌt̪ɾoː.poˈd̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish artrópodo, from New Latin Arthropoda, from Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).


seben

Possibly borrowed from Spanish ceben, third-person plural imperative of cebar (“to fatten, feed”).


ibig sabihin

ibig sabihin (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ ᜐᜊᜒᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ ᜐᜊᜒᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Calque of Spanish querer decir (literally “want to say”). Compare Hanunoo ibog sabihon.

calque

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ibig, sabihin.


antropolohiya

tl-noun

antropolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish antropología (“anthropology”), from New Latin anthrōpologia, from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human, mankind”) + -λογία (-logía).


sitolohiya

tl-noun

sitolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)


kabalyo

Borrowed from Spanish caballo with lleísmo. Doublet of kabayo, which exhibits yeísmo instead.


arilyos

Borrowed from Spanish arillos, plural of arillo. Compare Cebuano ariyos.

Malalaki ang arilyos na nakalawit hanggang balikat.

1975, Pablo M. Cuasay, Kalinangan ng ating mga katutubo, Manlapaz Publishing Company, page 40:

The earrings that hang down to the shoulder are big.


espongha

At pagkaraka'y tumakbo ang isa sa kanila, at kumuha ng isang espongha, at binasa ng suka, saka inilagay sa isang tambo, at ipinainom sa kaniya.

1905, “Mateo 27:48”, in Ang Dating Biblia:

And one of them at once ran and took a sponge, filled it with sour wine, and put it on a reed and gave it to him to drink.

Sapagkat ang isang nagsusulat ay kailangang parang isang espongha na humihigop ng tubig sa kanyang paligid.

2001, Retorikang Pangkolehiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 98:

Because the one who writes should be like a sponge that absorbs the water from its surroundings.

“Ang mga espongha ang pinakamatanda at pinakamababang uri ng hayop,” ang sabi ng National Geographic News. Kaya nga iniisip ng ilan na ang sinaunang espongha ang ninuno ng mga hayop at tao sa teoriya ng ebolusyon.

2006, “Espongha—Simple Pero Kamangha-mangha”, in Gumising!, archived from the original on 2020-09-10:

“Sponges occupy the oldest and lowest branch on the animal family tree,” states National Geographic News. This has led some individuals to speculate that an ancient sponge was the evolutionary ancestor of animals and humans.


arsilya

Borrowed from Spanish arcilla, from Latin argilla, from Ancient Greek ἄργιλλος (árgillos, “white clay, potter's earth”).


luwad

luwád (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜏᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
loar (alternative)
luad (alternative)

clay (mineral substance used in ceramics)


palengke

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish palenque (“market”), from Spanish palenque (“palisade”), from Catalan palenc.


sundo

sundô (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sunro (alternative)

act of fetching someone (from a certain place)

following up on a task or project (until its completion)


salamangkero

tl-noun

salamangkero (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜋᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish salamanquero (“prestidigitator”). By surface analysis, salamangka + -ero.

bor+

magician; juggler; conjurer; prestidigitator


tambolero

Borrowed from Spanish tamborero. By surface analysis, tambol + -ero.


anwang

anwáng (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
anuang (alternative)
anuwang (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanuaŋ, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaNuaŋ. Compare Ilocano nuang, Hanunoo anwang, and Malay benuang.


perdible

ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
pardible (alternative)
partible (alternative)


atip

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp. Compare Kapampangan atap, Bikol Central atop, Cebuano atop, Tausug atup, and Malay atap.


dupikal

dupikál (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜉᜒᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
repikal (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish repicar (“to ring; to chime”). Doublet of repike.

continuous ringing of large, church bells


paramesyo

[pɐ.ɾɐˈmɛː.ʃo]


eleksiyon

tl-noun

eleksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eleksiyón (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
eleccion (alternative)
eleksion (alternative obsolete)
eleksyon (alternative)


aberasyon

aberasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

aberasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɛ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish aberración, from English aberration, from Latin aberrātiō (“relief, diversion”).

aberration (act of wandering or deviation; abnormality)

(astronomy) aberration (small periodical change of position of heavenly bodies)

(optics) aberration (convergence to different foci)


gawain

gawain or gawaín (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜏᜁᜈ᜔)

gawain (canonical)
gawaín (canonical)
ᜄᜏᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌɡaːˈwaː.ʔɪn̪]

[ɡɐ.wɐˈʔɪn̪]

[ɡɐ.wɐˈʔɪn̪]


manlalakbay

manlalakbáy (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜎᜃ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

manlalakbáy (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜎᜃ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + lakbay with initial reduplication.


Inggles

Ingglés (canonical)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


talino

Unknown. Possibilities include:
* A misinterpretation of talinong having the -ng suffix. Compare Sambali talino.
* From Spanish talento, according to Lopez (1965). Compare tina and Spanish tinta.


absorpsiyon

absorpsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

absorpsiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
absorpsyon (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English absorption, influenced by Spanish absorción, from Latin absorptiō.


abstraksiyon

tl-noun

abstraksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abstraksiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abstraksyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish abstracción, from Late Latin abstractiōnem.


kagiliran

[kɐ.ɣɪˈliː.ɾɐn̪]


pagsasalin

pagsasalin (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

From pag- + salin with initial reduplication.


pagsasabansa

pagsasabansâ (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜊᜈ᜔ᜐ)

pagsasabansâ (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜊᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

From pag- + sa- + bansa, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.


anggi

anggí (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
angi (alternative)
angui (alternative)

From an earlier intermediary *amgi, *apgi, from Proto-Philippine *apʀi (“to rain in through cracks”). Compare Ilocano sapri, Pangasinan sapli, Kapampangan anggi, Bikol Central apgi, Cebuano ambi, Hiligaynon ambi, Waray-Waray anggi, and Tausug angbi.

inh

rain entering through open or cracked windows, walls, doors etc.


kalsiyo

kálsiyó (canonical)
ᜃᜎ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
kalsyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish calcio, from English calcium.


kahenyuhan

tl-noun

kahényuhán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

kahényuhán (canonical)
ᜃᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɐˌhɛː.ɲʊˈhan̪]


latag

[ˈlaː.t̪ɐɡ̚]

unrolling or spreading on a flat surface (of a mat, rug, blanket, cloth, carpet, etc.)

unrolled or spread out mat, rug, etc. (on a flat surface)

paving; laying on the surface (of cement, asphalt, tiles, etc.)

laid out cement, asphalt, tiles, etc. (on the ground)

(figurative) weak and long bedriddenness

(figurative) presentation of ideas or arguments


kurap

kuráp (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
corap (alternative)
quirap (alternative)
kirap (alternative obsolete)

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəzap. Compare Tausug kudjap and Malay kejap.


kurap

(gambling) crap (losing throw of 2, 3, or 12 in craps)


koryente

ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kuryente (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish corriente, from Latin currens, currentis.

(figurative, medicine, colloquial) paresthesia; numbness in the extremities


sanlibutan

sanlibután (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔)

sanlibután (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sanglibotan (alternative)
sanglibutan (alternative nonstandard)


pandemya

ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
pandemiya (alternative)

Bagama’t tila huminto ang mundo natin dahil sa pandemyang dulot ng COVID-19 virus, dapat nating alalahanin ang ating kalusugan.

2020 August 8, Aby Maraño, “Mga dahilan bakit kailangan natin mag-exercise sa panahon ng pandemya”, in Pilipino Star Ngayon:

Although it appeared that our world has stopped due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, we still need to take into consideration our health.

Ang pandemya ay kayang solusyunan ng siyensa at ibayong disiplina subalit ang problemang pangkapayapaan ay nangangailangan ng tulong ng lahat.

2020 September 17, Jason De Asis, “Community consultation on ex-rebels' concerns held in Aurora”, in Philippine News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-10-03:

The pandemic can be solved by science and intense discipline but the peace problem needs the help of all.


damdam

damdám (canonical)
ᜇᜋ᜔ᜇᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
ramram (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay dendam or from Southern Luzon *dəmdəm via Kapampangan damdam, possibly from either:
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm. Possible doublet of limlim.
* from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”).


imperyalismo

tl-noun

imperyalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


impluwensiya

impluwénsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

impluwénsiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
impluwensya (alternative)
implwensya (alternative)
impluensya (alternative)
inpluensia (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish influencia, from Latin īnfluentia.

Lalong makikilala ang impluwensiya ng mga Intsik, Kastila, at Amerikano sa sining ng Pilipino.

1990, Regalado Trota Jose, Images of Faith: Religious Ivory Carvings from the Philippines, →ISBN:

The Chinese, Spanish and American influences can be better recognized in Philippine arts.

Ang impluwensiya ni Descartes ay madarama sa kaniyang paggamit ng Lohika.

1990, Emerita Quito, A Life of Philosophy: Selected Works (1965-1988) of Emerita S. Quito, →ISBN, page 328:

The influence of Descartes can be felt in his use of Logic.


karera

Borrowed from Spanish carrera, from Late Latin [via] carrāria. Doublet of karir.

karera ng kabayo

karera ng sasakyan

O huwag mag-alala, buhay ay 'di karera.

Sinira ng eskandalo ang kanyang karera.


tandang pananong

tandáng pananóng (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈᜈᜓᜅ᜔)

tandáng pananóng (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈᜈᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From tanda + -ng + pananong. Either a calque of Spanish signo de interrogación or English question mark.


tandang padamdam

tl-noun

tandáng padamdám (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜉᜇᜋ᜔ᜇᜋ᜔)

tandáng padamdám (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜉᜇᜋ᜔ᜇᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

From tanda + -ng + padamdam. Either a calque of Spanish signo de exclamación or English exclamation mark.

(typography) exclamation point; exclamation mark


sentigramo

sentigramo or sentígramó (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ)

sentigramo (canonical)
sentígramó (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

[sɛn̪ˌt̪iː.ɡɾɐˈmo]


golpo

Golpo ng Mehiko


karsonsilyo

karsonsilyo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜃᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Ang karsonsilyo kong bago? Malinis ba?

1977, Visitacion R. De la Torre, editor, Readings in Bilingual Contemporary Philippine Literature: Dramas, National Book Store, page 166:

Kaya mo bang maglaba ng sarili mong karsonsilyo?

1981, The Diliman Review, Volumes 29-30, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines:

Are you capable of washing your own underpants?

Ang ginagawa ko tuwing ako'y maliligo, lalabhan ko ang karsonsilyo at kamiseta at oras na matuyo ang mga ito ay huhubarin ko na yaong pantalon ko para huwag agad masira.

1988, Sa tungki ng ilong ng kaaway: talambuhay ni Tatang, Kilusan sa Paglilinang ng Rebolusyonaryong, Panitikan at Sining sa Kanayunan (LINANG), page 37:

What I do every time I take a bath is wash my underpants and my shirt and once they are dry I take off those pants of mine so that it will not immediately wear out.

Maayos na tiniklop ang mga karsonsilyo.

2010, Diksyunaryong Tagalog, Goodwill Trading Co., Inc., →ISBN:


laryo

laryó (canonical)
ᜎᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
lariyo (alternative)

Early borrowing from Spanish ladrillo. Doublet of ladrilyo.

brick (hardened block used for building)


ladrilyo

Borrowed from Spanish ladrillo. Doublet of laryo.


siwang

Compare Ilocano siwang and Yogad siwang.

gap; slit; small opening (between two things or objects)


tampal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tampar (“slap”). Cognate with Indonesian and Malay tampar.

slap with the flat of the palm of the hand (may be playful, not exclusively on someone's face, lighter in force than a sampal)


syabu-syabu

syabu-syabu (Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜊᜓ)

ᜐ᜔ᜌᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌʃaː.bʊ ˈʃaː.bʊ]

(uncommon) alternative spelling of shabu-shabu


giwang

ᜄᜒᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
gewang (alternative colloquial)

Compare Malay rewang (“swinging; not fixed”).

wobbling movement (as of a moving, dilapidated vehicle)


dantay

dantáy (canonical)
ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
dangtay (alternative obsolete)

[d̪ɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

From partial assimilation of /ŋ/ and /t/ in earlier dangtay. Compare Cebuano tanday.

placing of one's leg or thigh (on someone or something)


damara

[d̪ɐˈmaː.ɾɐ]

Early borrowing from Spanish enramada (“adornment made of tree branches for a celebration; a shed or hut made of branches”) with clipping. Compare Ilocano ramada.

bor

a trellis decorated with various ornaments, having a roof made of banana leaves, fruits, or coconuts, and an arch at the front embellished with papers of various colors

temporary shed or shelter with four posts


birang

kerchief usually used as a head covering


relaks

Borrowed from English relax, from Middle English relaxen, from Old French relaxer, from Latin relaxāre.

Relaks ka lang.


kalamismis

tl-noun

kalamismís (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔)

kalamismís (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

(chiefly western Marinduque) winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)


mananakay

From man- + sakay, with initial reduplication of the root.


resipi

résipí (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
resipe (alternative)

[ˌɾɛː.sɪˈpɪ]

Borrowed from English recipe, from Middle French récipé, from Latin recipe.

recipe (instructions for making or preparing food dishes)

recipe (plan or procedure to obtain a given end result)


aplikant

áplikánt (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English applicant. Doublet of aplikante.


embornal

embornál (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
emburnal (alternative)
imbornal (alternative)
imburnal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish imbornal (“drainage hole of a ship”), from Catalan embornal.

bor+

estero, pagtatapon ng basura, at pagsasaayos ng mga imburnal ng dumi at ng mga dikit-dikit at nagsisiksikang mga estruktura sa siyudad.25 Ayon kay Komisyoner Maus, kinakailangang maisaayos ang napakaraming depektong ...

2009, Kalusugan Pampubliko sa Kolonyal na Manila 1898-1918, UP Press, →ISBN, page 42:


albay

support at the side of a house to prevent collapse


tambakan ng basura

tl-noun

tambakan ng basura (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜃᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜐᜓᜇ)

ᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜃᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜐᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

Literally, “dumping place of garbage/trash”.


anibersaryo

tl-noun

anibersaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜒᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜒᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish aniversario (“anniversary”), from Latin anniversārius.


apostasiya

tl-noun

apostasiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜐᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
apostasya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish apostasía, from Latin apostasia, from Ancient Greek ἀποστασία (apostasía, “defection; revolt”). Doublet of apostasi.


proklamasyon

tl-noun

proklamasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

proklamasyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish proclamación, from Late Latin proclāmātiō.


tapilok

tapilók (canonical)
ᜆᜉᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
tampilok (alternative obsolete)
tipalok (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-piluk, from *ta- (“involuntary action prefix”) + *piluk (“crippled; bent or twisted, of the leg or foot”). See also pilok.

accidental twisting or sprain of the ankle (due to a wrong step)


ligpit

Definition shifted from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lig(ə)pit (“to fasten”). Compare the false friend Cebuano ligpit (“to hold in place by pressing down”) which retained the original meaning.

cog

putting away of things in a safe or proper place

clearing of scattered things (of a place)

(colloquial) retirement (from work, politics, etc.)


antukin

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪uː.xɪn̪]

[ʔɐn̪.t̪ʊˈxɪn̪]

someone who is habitually sleepy; someone prone to sleepiness;


igib

igíb (canonical)
ᜁᜄᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
iguib (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *saʀ(ə)qəb (“fetch water”). Compare Ilocano sareb, Batad Ifugao hagub, Tuwali Ifugao hagob, Cebuano sag-ob, Hiligaynon sag-ub, and Maranao sageb.

inh

fetching of water (from a well, spring, etc.)


hapit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapit (“to press together (between two surfaces)”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sapit.

tightening fully (such as a tie, knot, or a clothesline)


hasik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasək. Compare Cebuano hasok.

(figurative) spreading; scattering (usually negative, such as fear, discontent, etc.)


kabig

act of drawing or pulling something into oneself


siyensiya

siyénsiyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
siensia (alternative obsolete)
siyensya (alternative)
syensya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish ciencia, from Old Spanish çiençia, borrowed from Latin scientia, from sciēns + -ia.


historya

Borrowed from Spanish historia, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, either due to English influence or a desire to differentiate from similar words, as suggested by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF). Attested from the 1960s. Doublet of istorya.

(common) alternative form of istorya: history


bulaan

(literary, dialectal, Marinduque) liar; fibber


maghahasik

tl-noun

maghahasik (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜑᜑᜐᜒᜃ᜔)

From mag- + hasik with initial reduplication.


halabos

halabós (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
hablos (alternative)
halbos (alternative syncope)

boiling with only slightly salted water (of shrimp, crab, meat, etc.)

food cooked in such a manner (of shrimp, crab, meat, etc.)


hambalang

anything fallen or lying across the way (blocking one's path)

act or condition of lying flat across the way (blocking one's path)

(figurative) block; hindrance; obstruction


sapok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa(m)puk. Compare Bikol Central sampok and Malay sampok.

(boxing) uppercut (upward blow with one's fist)


tingala

[t̪ɪ.ŋɐˈlaʔ]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiŋadaq. Compare Bikol Central tingara, Malay tengadah, and Palauan dengarech.

inh+

upward tilt of one end (like a seesaw, etc.)


kudkurin

kúdkúrin (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kʊd̪.kʊˈɾɪn̪]

something to be grated, scraped, or shaved


tingalaan

tíngaláan (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜅᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪ.ŋɐ.lɐˈʔan̪]

[ˌt̪iː.ŋɐˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]

simultaneous looking up (by a number of people)


karupukan

karupukán (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

frailty (liability to be deceived or seduced)


baunan

From baon (“packed food or money for a trip”) + -an.

suffix

lunchbox (container where lunch is packed and served)


baunan

tl-noun

báúnan or baunán (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜂᜈᜈ᜔)

báúnan (canonical)
baunán (canonical)
ᜊᜂᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌbaːˈʔuː.n̪ɐn̪]


palaspas

traditional palm branch distributed and blessed during Palm Sunday rituals


kalkulasyon

kalkulasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kalkulasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish calculación, from Latin calculātiō.


nilabhan

nilabhán (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜎᜊ᜔ᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
linabhan (alternative)

From metathesis of linabhan, from labhan + -in-. By surface analysis, ni- + labhan.


buwanang dalaw

buwanang dalaw (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜈᜅ᜔ ᜇᜎᜏ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜏᜈᜅ᜔ ᜇᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “monthly visit”, referring to its monthly occurrence. Compare the similar expressions Cebuano binulan nanga sakit and Indonesian sakit bulan (literally “monthly disease”).


karelebo

ᜃᜇᜒᜎᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
karelyebo (alternative)
karilyebo (alternative)

Nasaan na ba ang karelebo ko sa pagbabantay sa maysakit?

Where is my replacement in watching the patient?

replacement; substitute; reliever (someone who fills in for another)


damag

[ˈd̪aː.mɐɡ̚]

object dragged behind a boat along the water (such as catch of fish, water ski, etc.)

(obsolete) act of carrying a caught big fish (to the one who caught it)


dangal

dangál (canonical)
ᜇᜅᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
dang̃al (alternative)
rangal (alternative)

Unknown. Compare Sambali dangal and Kapampangan dangal.
Zorc (1982) also speculated that the word is possibly ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *dəŋəʀ (“to hear; sound”) on the basis that Visayan language descendants such as Aklanon dungog, Cebuano dungog, Hiligaynon dungog meaning “hearing; overhear; fame; honor; get to know by hearsay; reputation; prestige”. Possible doublet of dinig. Compare Pangasinan dengel (“to hear”) and Malay dengar.


kastilyo

Borrowed from Spanish castillo, from Old Spanish castiello (“stronghold, fortress, castle”), from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum (“fort”).


bokya

Uncertain. Possibly from Hokkien Chinese, according to Zorc (1993). See also Hokkien 無攑 /无𫽥 (bô kia̍h, literally “to hold up nothing”).


tiyaga

tiyagâ (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜌᜄ (Baybayin)
tiaga (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit त्याग (tyāgá, “sacrifice”).

bor+

diligence; perseverance; constant, careful effort


tiyangge

tiyanggê (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜌᜅ᜔ᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
tiangge (alternative)
tyangge (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish tiangue, from Mexican Spanish tianguis, from Classical Nahuatl tiyānquiztli. Compare Cebuano tiyanggi.

street market; bazaar; flea market (temporary market of cheap goods)


tiyuhin

tl-noun

tiyuhin (feminine tiyahin, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜑᜒᜈ᜔)


tiyahin

female equivalent of tiyuhin: stepmother


kalatas

kalatás (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
calatas (alternative)
caltas (alternative)
kaltas (alternative obsolete)

Commission on the Filipino Language
Malay archipelago

Possibly from the following:
* Early borrowing from Spanish cartas, plural of carta (“letter, missive, chart”), from Latin charta. The Spanish etymology was provided by the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala of Noceda & Sanlucar, Vocabulario de lengua tagala of San Buenaventura, and by the Commission on the Filipino Language.
* From Classical Malay کرتس (kertas, “paper”), from Arabic قِرْطَاس (qirṭās), from Aramaic קַרְטֵיסָא / ܩܪܛܝܣܐ (qarṭīsā). However, according to Potet (2013), paper was little known by 15ᵗʰ century in the Malay archipelago.
Both routes come from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs), possibly derived from Phoenician 𐤇𐤓𐤈𐤉𐤕 (ḥrṭyt). Compare Maguindanao kalëtas /kaltas /karatas (“paper”), Maranao karatas (“paper”), Tausug kātas (“paper”), Brunei Malay keratas, and Malay kertas. Doublet of karta, tsart, and kard.

der

Aramaic קַרְטֵיסָא


kalatas

lemon juice (the liquid extract of lemon fruit)


rehas

Borrowed from Spanish rejas (“bars”), plural form of reja (“grate”), from Italian regge (“church doors”), from Late Latin (porta) rēgia (literally “kingly door”).

der

bar; grating; railing; grille (of a window, jail cell, etc.)


silindro

ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cilindro (“cylinder”), from Latin cylindrus, from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros). Doublet of kalanda, kalandra, and silinder.


asinta

Borrowed from Spanish asentar (“to set up”). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Spanish acertar (“to hit”).

bor+

act of setting or adjusting something (in place or its proper position)

state in which something has been set or adjusted (in its proper place)


des-oras

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜂᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dis-oras (alternative)

[d̪ɛsˈʔoː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish deshoras, plural form of deshora (“inconvenient moment of time”).

des-oras ng gabi

ungodly hour; wee hours; very late and awkward time


pampalubag-loob

tl-noun

pampalubag-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜎᜓᜊᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

pampalubag-loób (canonical)
ᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜎᜓᜊᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

something that soothes or quiets someone; consolation; balsam


kapit sa patalim

kapit sa patalím (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔)

kapit sa patalím (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “clutch on a blade”, from the proverb ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit.

(idiomatic) razor's edge; dangerous or precarious situation


tatyaw

[ˈt̪aː.t͡ʃaʊ̯]


tapik

pat; gentle and light tap (with one's hand)


lilip

ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
lilib (alternative obsolete)

Compare Sambali lilip and Kapampangan lilip.


dasal

dasál (canonical)
ᜇᜐᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
rasal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish rezar (“to pray”), from Latin recitāre.


mamamana

From mam- + pana with nasalization and partial reduplication.


kumbento

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kombento (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish convento. Compare Cebuano kombento.


bintog

bintóg (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
pintog (alternative)

[bɪn̪ˈt̪oɡ̚]

swelling; inflation (of fruits, balloons, etc.)


pakulo

From pa- + kulo (“act of boiling”). From the 1970s.

Sabi nga'y kanya-kanya sila ng lakad at pakulo. Sa kasalukuya'y may 150 na rehistradong prodyuser ( hindi kasama ang mga fly-by-night).

1983, Nicanor G. Tiongson, The Urian Anthology, 1970-1979: Selected Essays on Tradition and Innovation in the Filipino Cinema of the 1970s by the Manunuri Ng Pelikulang Pilipino : with about 550 Photos and Illustrations and a Filmography of Philippine Movies, 1970-1979:

They say they do a lot and create new ideas all on their own. Presently, there are 150 registered producers (not including those who fly by night).

TAO 3: Hindi kaya pakulo na naman ito ni Mayor?
TAO 1: Hindi naman eleksiyon ngayon! Kaya maaaring hindi pakulo. Tuwing eleksiyon lang naman siya nangangako't napapako.

1982, Frank G. Rivera, Ama, Atbp. Sari-Saring Dula:

PERSON 3: Isn't our mayor just bragging something again?
PERSON 1: It's not election yet! So it'a possibly not. Only during election he makes broken promises.

Mukhang ito ay isang magandang pakulo para sa pakikipag-usap ng ating pamahalaan sa Bise-Presidente ng Amerika.

This looks like something good to brag about as our government talks with the U.S. Vice President

ingenious scheme to brag about, especially for entertainment


agimat

[ʔɐˈɣiː.mɐt̪̚]

Borrowed from Maguindanao agimat (“amulet; talisman”) or Tausug adjimat (“amulet; talisman”), from Malay azimat (عزيمة), from Arabic عَزِيمَة (ʕazīma, “magic spell; verse from Qur'an read to parry danger”). Compare Maranao adimat.
The “amulet; talisman” sense is first attested in c. 1860 via Noceda & Sanlucar, with the term arriving in the Philippines in the first half of the 1800s according to Potet (2013), while the homophonous "thrift; care" sense is attested since c. 1754 also via Noceda & Sanlucar according to Potet (2013). See also Malay jimat (“frugal; prudent; saving money”).

cog

(formerly obsolete, now neologism) thrift; economy


tungkab

tungkáb (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
tingkab (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tu(ŋ)kab (cf. Cebuano tukab, Pangasinan tongkab).

act of dislodging; act of forcing out of place

act of detaching or opening forcibly (as of a lock)


tirik

[ˈt̪iː.ɾɪk̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tə(n)dək. Compare Ilocano teddek (“post; pillar; column; headman; chief”).

act of building, erecting, or constructing

position of one's pupils directed upward (as when one's death throes)


tibay

endurance; fortitude; ability to endure stress (of one's body)

resoluteness; firmness (on one's stand or decision)


tagiktik

tagiktík (canonical)
ᜆᜄᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
taguictic (alternative)

[t̪ɐ.ɣɪkˈt̪ɪk̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiktik (“to tap, strike lightly”), from Proto-Austronesian *tiktik (“to tap, strike lightly”) (cf. Cebuano tiktik (“to tap lightly”), Indonesian titek (“heavy pounding blow; to rap”), Ilocano tiktik (“sound of striking metal against stone”). See also tiktik.

cog

patter; light but sharp sound caused by consecutive drops (especially on a hard surface)


tingin

tingín (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ting̃uin (alternative)
ting̃in (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tiŋən (“look; sight; to look”).

inh+

act of looking or viewing (at something)

diagnosis; observation; judgment based on evidence seen

viewpoint; personal opinion (about something)


mirindal

mirindál (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
minandal (alternative)
minindal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish merendar (“to have an afternoon snack”). Doublet of meryenda.


darang

daráng (canonical)
ᜇᜇᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
rarang (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *dadaŋ (“heat near fire”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daŋdaŋ (“heat or dry near a fire”), from Proto-Austronesian *daŋdaŋ (“broil; warm oneself or something near a fire”). Compare Ilocano dadang, Sambali langlang, Kapampangan darang /nangnang, Cebuano dangdang /ganggang, Hiligaynon gaang, Maranao rarang, Western Bukidnon Manobo hizazang, Tausug dangdang and Malay dandang /ganggang /jerang. Doublet of dangdang.

inh

exposing of something to the heat of flames or glowing coals

(figuratively) effect of a good conversation or tempting approach

(obsolete) condition of being audacious or insolent


tipon

act of compiling or gathering together (of scattered things)

act of accumulating or piling (into a heap of things)

collection; compilation (of literary works)

act of gathering together (of people, as in a meeting)


tipon

tipón (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tifon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish tifón, from Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān).

der

Arabic طُوفَان (ṭūfān)


tindig

tindíg (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
tinrig (alternative)

[t̪ɪn̪ˈd̪ɪɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ti(n)zəg. Compare Cebuano tindog, Iranun tindeg, Maranao tindeg and Tausug tindug.

act of standing or rising (from a sitting position)

act of constructing or setting up (of a house, building, etc.)

firm or support for one's opinion or belief


katuwang

co-sponsor in a baptism, confirmation or wedding


baktaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 墨斗 (ba̍k-táu, “ink marker”).

bor+

(carpentry) carpenter's ink marker (inked cord stretched tight then lowered onto timber)


sukal

useless things scattered around a place (such as garbage, weeds, flotsam, etc.)


tumbalik

tl-noun

tumbalík or tumbalik (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜒᜃ᜔)

tumbalík (canonical)
tumbalik (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *tumbalik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balik. Compare balik.

act of inverting or reversing the position (of something)

condition of being inverted or reversed in position


tumbok

tumbók (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
tomboc (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumbuk (“punch; hit”) (cf. Malay tumbuk).

inh

strike or hit with the end of a pointed object

strike in passing; collision (e.g. a standing vehicle hit by a passing car)

(billiards, pool) act of striking a ball or cue piece with the cue


tunton

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuntun. See also Malay tuntun and Javanese ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸꦤ꧀ (tuntun).

act of following or tracing the path or trail (of something or someone)

act of following the law, regulations, etc.

act of tracing the source or origin (as of one's family lineage)

tracing; retracing (of lines in a drawing)


tungkol

tungkól (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
tongcol (alternative)
tungcol (alternative)
tunkol (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *tuŋkul (“about”).


tungkos

tungkós (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
tongcos (alternative)

bundle of things tied together (of leaves, sticks, vegetables, etc.)

something wrapped in cloth, paper, or leaves


bungkos

bungkós (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bongcos (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkus (cf. Malay bungkus, Bikol Central bungkos), from *-kus.

bundle; package (especially those wrapped in cloth)

act of wrapping with a piece of cloth (by tying the corners together)


sabunutan

sábunután (canonical)
ᜐᜊᜓᜈᜓᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

grabbing and pulling of each other's hair


saboy

throwing of water, liquid, mud, dust, etc. (at someone or something)

splash or splatter made by such an act (at someone or something)

splash of waves against the side of a boat


pusyaw

pusyáw (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
posiao (alternative)
posiyao (alternative)
pusiyau (alternative)
pusyau (alternative)
pusiaw (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Hokkien 不肖 (put-siàu, “unseemly; dishonorable”). Compare Kapampangan puyasio.


binabayi

tl-noun

binabayí or binabayi (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈᜊᜌᜒ)

binabayí (canonical)
binabayi (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈᜊᜌᜒ (Baybayin)


baniaga

[bɐnˈɲaː.ɣɐʔ]

[bɐn̪ˈjaː.ɣɐʔ]


nabasa

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish navaja. Doublet of labaha and labasa.


baskag

baskág (canonical)
ᜊᜐ᜔ᜃᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
bastag (alternative)


huwepe

ᜑᜓᜏᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
huwipe (alternative)
huepe (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 火把 (hóe-pé), listed in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) with the Spanish translation, “Tea”.

torch; flambeau (especially of resin wrapped in palm leaves)


siyansi

siyansí (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
siyensi (alternative)
siyanse (alternative)
siansi (alternative)
sianse (alternative)


singkak

Borrowed from Hokkien 神麴 /神曲 (sîn-khak, “medicated leaven (used to treat indigestion)”).

bitter drug used for diarrhea, indigestion, etc.


tiim

tight pressure in suppressing anger, pain, etc. (of one's lips, teeth, or jaws)


tiim

full saturation or soaking (especially with brine or salt)


tuwabak

Borrowed from Hokkien 大目 (tōa-ba̍k, “big eyes”). Compare Pangasinan tubak.


kanlong

kanlóng (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
canlong (alternative)

Compare Ilocano linong (“shade”) and Kapampangan kanlung (“refuge”).


kanlungan

ᜃᜈ᜔ᜎᜓᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
canlongan (alternative)

From kanlong (“shadow of a tree”) + -an.


kasambahay

tl-noun

kasambaháy or kasambahay (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜌ᜔)

kasambaháy (canonical)
kasambahay (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
casambahay (alternative)
casangbahay (alternative)
kasangbahay (alternative)

From earlier kasangbahay, from the /ŋ/ becoming /m/ before /b/ due to nasal assimilation. By surface analysis, ka- + sam- + bahay (“house”), literally “someone an entire house is shared with”. Commonly mistaken to be a blend of kasama (“companion”) + bahay (“house”).


adolesens

tl-noun

adolesens or adóleséns (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔)

adolesens (canonical)
adóleséns (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜎᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌd̪oː.lɛˈsɛn̪s]

Borrowed from English adolescence, from Middle English adolescence, from Old French adolescence, from Latin adolēscentia. Doublet of adolesensiya.


de-lata

From de- + lata, from Spanish de (“of”) and Spanish lata (“can”).


magbubukid

magbubukíd (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔)

magbubukíd (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜊᜓᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
magbubukir (alternative)

From mag- + bukid, from an initial reduplication of bukid.


kutong-aso

kutong-aso (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜀᜐᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜀᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
kutong aso (alternative)

From kuto + -ng- + aso, literally “dog louse”.


iskolar

Borrowed from English scholar, from Middle English scolar, from Old English scōlere, from Late Latin scholāris, from schola (“school”), from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ). Doublet of eskolar.

scholar (learned or knowledgeable person)


basahan

Either from the following:
* From Malay basahan (“daily used items or clothes”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *basəq-an (“thing that gets wet”). Can also be analyzed as basah (“wet”) + -an.
* From basa (“wet”) + -han. However, the expected conjugation would be *basaan since basa ends with a glottal stop, and the root being basa (“reading”) is unlikely. Possibly an irregular conjugation.
Compare Kapampangan basan (“rag”), Maranao basa'an (“bathing suit”), Tausug basaanan (“clothing worn while one is bathing”), and Old Javanese basahan (“piece of cloth which is not taken off while bathing”).

cog

cleaning rag; waste piece of cloth (used for cleaning, dusting, etc.)


dakip

dakíp (canonical)
ᜇᜃᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
daquip (alternative)
rakip (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *dakəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dakəp, from Proto-Austronesian *dakəp. Cognate with Cebuano dakop (“to catch; to arrest”), Indonesian and Malay dakap (“having one's hands clasped or arms embraced”).


rekisitos

tl-noun

rekisitos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃᜒᜐᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜇᜒᜃᜒᜐᜒᜆᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish requisitos, plural of requisito.


sentenaryo

sentenaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
sentinaryo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish centenario, from Latin centenarius.


seremonya

[sɛ.ɾɛˈmoː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish ceremonia, from Latin caerimōnia. Doublet of seremonyas.


kumpas

kumpás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
cumpas (alternative)

Of Spanish origin, according to Panganiban (1973) and most dictionaries, but of native Tagalog origin, according to UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino (2001). See also etymology 2.


kumpas

kumpás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
cumpas (alternative)
kompas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish compás, from Medieval Latin compassus (“circle, circuit”). Doublet of kompas.

der

Hindi siya makasabay sa pag-awit sapagkat mabilis ang kumpas ng kanta.

She cannot keep up with singing because the beat of the song is fast.

(music) conductor's beat in music with a baton or one's hand


klabo

ᜃ᜔ᜎᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
calabo (alternative)
kalabo (alternative)
klabos (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish clavo, from Latin clāvus.


klabos

Borrowed from Spanish clavos, plural of clavo.


sentensia

tl-noun

sentensia (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


sentensiya

senténsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

senténsiyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
sentensia (alternative obsolete)
sintencia (alternative obsolete)
sentensya (alternative)

[sɛn̪ˈt̪ɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sentencia, from Latin sententia.


kaluwalhatian

kaluwalhatian (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜏᜎ᜔ᜑᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜎᜓᜏᜎ᜔ᜑᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caloualhatian (alternative)
calualhatian (alternative)


kontrobersiya

kontrobérsiyá or kontrobersiya (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

kontrobérsiyá (canonical)
kontrobersiya (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
kontrobersya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish controversia, learned borrowing from Latin contrōversia (“quarrel; dispute”). First attested in the late 1980s.

Walang humadlang sa kanyang pananalo nang pakyawan. Liban na lamang sa kontrobersiyang nilikha ng Famas. Labas sa kasong iyon si Ipe. Basta't hinirang lamang siya ng organisasyon, kung kaya[']t malugod naman niyang tinanggap.

No one hindered his consecutive wins. Except Famas created a controversy. Ipe's not involved in the case. As long the organization declared him the winner, he happily accepted them.


kumbulsiyon

kumbulsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kumbulsiyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kombulsiyon (alternative)
kombulsyon (alternative)
kumbulsyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish convulsión, from Latin convulsiō (“quarrel; dispute”).

"May kombulsyon si Ed!” ang nanginginig niyang sigaw. "Dali, dalhin nyo na ang bata sa ospital!" ang dagling payo ni Tatay. Hindi na halos kami nakapagbihis at halos panabay kaming nanaog ng bahay na kandong si Ed.

1978, Wika: tungo sa pambansang pagkakakilanlan:

"Ed's convulsing", he shouted, trembling. "Bring the child to the hospital!" Father quickly said. We almost never had the chance to change clothes and we together left the house carrying Ed in his arms.


pagtutulungan

pagtutulungán (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜎᜓᜅᜈ᜔)

pagtutulungán (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜓᜎᜓᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From tulong + pag- -an, with partial reduplication.


dahas

dahás (canonical)
ᜇᜑᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
rahas (alternative)


komplikasyon

komplikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

komplikasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kumplikasyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish complicación, from Latin complicātiō.

complication (confused state of affairs)


munggo

munggó or munggo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ)

munggó (canonical)
munggo (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
monggo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish mongo. See also Hindi मूँग (mūṅg), from Sanskrit मुद्ग (mudga).

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual


diplomasya

diplomasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
diplomasia (alternative obsolete)
diplomasiya (alternative)


turnilyo

ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of tornilyo.


kanduli

kandulì (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
candoli (alternative)
canduli (alternative)


baboy ramo

baboy ramó (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ ᜇᜋᜓ)

baboy ramó (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


kumunoy

kumunóy (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
cominoy (alternative)
comunoy (alternative)
kuminoy (alternative)

From earlier kuminoy, attested in the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala.


bewang

(colloquial) alternative form of baywang


katarata

[kɐ.t̪ɐˈɾaː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish catarata, from Latin cataracta.

(pathology) cataract (opacity of the lens in the eyes)


bukang-bibig

bukáng-bibíg (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃᜅ᜔ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔)

bukáng-bibíg (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜅ᜔ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
bucang bibig (alternative)
bukambibig (alternative)

From buka (“open”) + -ng- + bibig (“mouth”).

frequently uttered word or phrase; favorite expression


buryong

Borrowed from Waray-Waray [Term?]. Originated from 1980s prison slang, referring to the fits of insanity by prisoners who have been incarcerated for long without contact with family and the outside world.

Maayos naman ang lahat: hindi malamig ang gabi at hindi bilog ang buwan; walang buryong o kalungkutang tinatakasan; walang insomyang inililibang; walang kataksilang pinaghihigantian.

Everything's fine: the night is not cool and the moon is not round; there is no boredom or loneliness to escape from; there is no insomnia to waste one's time; there is no treachery to avenge.

Hindi tama ang malaking problema para sa isang kadre, kundi ang buryong.

Insanity is not a big problem for a cadre, but boredom and irritability from being confined.

(slang, specifically) boredom and irritability resulting from incarceration


kahihiyan

kahihiyán (canonical)
ᜃᜑᜒᜑᜒᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cahihiyan (alternative)
cahihiy-an (alternative)
kahihian (alternative uncommon)
kahihiy-an (alternative)
kahihiyaan (alternative uncommon)
kakahiyan (alternative)
kakahiyaan (alternative uncommon)

Syncopic form of kahihiyaan, from hiya + ka- -an, with initial reduplication.

shame; embarrassment; humiliation; loss of face; dishonor


konsumisyon

konsumisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

konsumisyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kunsumisyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish consumición (“consumption”), with semantic shift by association with the words konsumido (“annoyed; fed up”). By surface analysis, konsumi + -syon.


kunsumisyon

tl-noun

kunsumisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kunsumisyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of konsumisyon.


anak-sa-ligaw

anák-sa-ligaw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜄᜏ᜔)

anák-sa-ligaw (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜐᜎᜒᜄᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
anak sa ligaw (alternative)

[ʔɐˌn̪ak sɐ ˈliː.ɣaʊ̯]

Literally, “child [born out] of courtship”.

lit

(idiomatic, dated) illegitimate child; bastard


pilantropo

tl-noun

pilántropó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓ)

pilántropó (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)


imahen

Borrowed from Spanish imagen, from Latin imāginem, singular accusative of imāgo.


impluwensya

impluwensya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of impluwensiya.


lantsa

Borrowed from Spanish lancha, from Portuguese lancha, from Malay lancar.

Nang sangdaling yao'y siyang pagsigaw ng kapitan sa pintungan ng̃: --¡ Palakarin ang mga lantsa ... ! At ang lahat na mga lantsa ay naguunahang karating sa bukana ng̃ kanal, sa ilalim nğ bigay kayang paggagaod [...]

1918, M. Ibo Alfaro, Ang Búhay ay pagibig:


loterya

loteryá or loterya (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ)

loteryá (canonical)
loterya (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


kabayong pangarera

kabayong pangarera (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜌᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅᜇᜒᜇ)

ᜃᜊᜌᜓᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅᜇᜒᜇ (Baybayin)

[kɐˌbaː.jom pɐ.ŋɐˈɾɛː.ɾɐ]


niknik

nikník (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
nicnic (alternative)

[n̪ɪkˈn̪ɪk̚]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *niknik, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñikñik.

(dialectal) any species of fly with a painful bite


karerahan

[kɐ.ɾɛˈɾaː.hɐn̪]


dukwang

dukwáng (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
docuang (alternative)

act of reaching out by leaning one's body and stretching one's arms

distance reached by stretching one's arms and leaning one's body


gaslaw

gasláw (canonical)
ᜄᜐ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
gaslao (alternative)

immodesty; rudeness; coarseness (in manner or behavior)

friskiness; rough movement; mischievousness; restlessness


hinagpis

hinagpís (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈᜄ᜔ᜉᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From hin- + tagpis (“emaciation of the face”). Nasal assimilation of ng in hing- and t to just n of hin-.


tagubilin

ᜆᜄᜓᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tagobilin (alternative)


talunan

→ Chamorro: talonan

loser; underdog (in war, games, sports, politics, etc.)

(gambling) gamecock defeated in a cockfight resulting to death


talunan

simultaneous jumping in joy (by a number of people)


kumbensiyon

tl-noun

kumbensiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kumbensiyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kombensiyon (alternative)
kombensyon (alternative)
kumbensyon (alternative)

Kumbensiyong Tejeros


kitikiti

kitikití (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kiti-kiti (alternative)
quitiquiti (alternative)

Possibly related to Sanskrit कीटी (kīṭī, “worm”), but underwent reduplication.


pilantik

pilantík (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pilantic (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pilantik (“spring-set spear trap”). Cognate with Malay pelantik.


samid

samíd (canonical)
ᜐᜋᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
samir (alternative)


usli

protrusion; sticking out; poking out (from a hole, socket, etc.)


lengguwahe

tl-noun

lengguwahe (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜏᜑᜒ)

ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜏᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
lenguahe (alternative dated)
lengguahe (alternative dated)
lenggwahe (alternative)
lengwahe (alternative)
lenguwahe (alternative)
lingguwahe (alternative)
lingwahe (alternative)
linguwahe (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish lenguaje, from Old Spanish lenguage, ultimately from Vulgar Latin *linguāticum, based on Latin lingua (“tongue”).


bihis

From Proto-Philippine *bələs (“to change; to alternate”) with elision of /l/ with the meaning eventually restricted to clothing. Compare Bikol Central bulos, Aklanon bueos, and Hiligaynon bulos.


baliktad

baliktád (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


kaliwanagan

tl-noun

kaliwanagan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caliuanagan (alternative)


ataul

ataúl (canonical)
ᜀᜆᜂᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ataud (alternative)

[ʔɐ.t̪ɐˈʔul]

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish ataúd.


galamay

[ɡɐ.lɐˈmaɪ̯]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *galamáy. Compare Tausug gulamay.

inh+

(figurative) agent; representative (of an organization, crime group, etc.)


kabastusan

tl-noun

kabastusán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜐᜈ᜔)

kabastusán (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


hagulhol

hagulhól (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜑᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagolhol (alternative)
hagulgol (alternative common nonstandard)


diskarte

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
deskarte (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish descarte (“discard”).

bor+

Kailangan gamitin ang tamang diskarte para hindi ka ma-late sa trabaho.

You need to have the right strategy so that you won't be late for work.

workaround; MacGyverism; method to get something desired

Ugaliin natin magkaroon ng konting diskarte para hindi ka maabala sa buhay.

Let's make a habit of having street smarts so that you won't be inconvenienced in life.

Sa galing ng diskarte niya, nahulog ang puso niya sa kanya.

Her heart fell for him because of his attractive words.

(by extension) attractive words or actions used in courtship


kaduwagan

kaduwagán (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜓᜏᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


karuwagan

karuwagán (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜓᜏᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caruagan (alternative)
kaduwagan (alternative)


kahero

tl-noun

kahero (feminine kahera, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜑᜒᜇᜓ)


klab

Borrowed from English club, from Middle English clubbe, from Old Norse klubba, klumba, from Proto-Germanic *klumpô. Doublet of klub.

club (heavy stick for use as weapon or plaything)


surian

[sʊ.ɾɪˈʔan̪]

[sʊˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]

place where analysis or investigation is being done

place where gold ore and other metals are assayed


latite

tlb

(dialectal, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Batangas, Mindoro, Quezon, colloquial)

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɛʔ]


edisyon

edisyón (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛ.d̪ɪˈʃon̪]


pilosopiya

tl-noun

pilosopiya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜒᜌ)

ᜉᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
pilosopia (alternative dated)
pilosopya (alternative)
pilusupya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish filosofía, from Latin philosophia, from Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía, “love of wisdom”).

der

philosophy (comprehensive system of belief)


kumpleto

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of kompleto.


kumpederasyon

tl-noun

kumpederasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

kumpederasyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kompederasyon (alternative)


ignoransiya

ignoránsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

ignoránsiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ignoransya (alternative)

[ʔɪɡ.n̪oˈɾan̪.ʃɐ]


ignoransya

ignoransya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪɡ.n̪oˈɾan̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ignoransiya.


paborito

paborito (feminine paborita, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜊᜓᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish favorito. Doublet of peyborit.


pasugalan

pásugálan (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜓᜄᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


importansiya

importánsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

importánsiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
importansya (alternative)


importansya

importansya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of importansiya.


kaha de-yero

kaha de-yero (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜑ ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜃᜑ ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
kaha de yero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish caja de hierro (“iron box; strongbox”).

bor+

vault; safe (box used to store valuables)


manlilipad

tl-noun

manlilipád (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜉᜇ᜔)

manlilipád (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜉᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + lipad with initial reduplication.


lipumpon

lipumpón (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜉᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
liponpon (alternative)

conglomeration of people; gathering of people


Magindanaw

Magíndanáw or Magindanaw (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈᜏ᜔)

Magíndanáw (canonical)
Magindanaw (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐˌɣin̪.d̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[mɐ.ɣɪn̪ˈd̪aː.n̪aʊ̯]


astropisika

astropísiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜒᜐᜒᜃ)

astropísiká (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜒᜐᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


agalya

Borrowed from Spanish agalla, from Latin galla.


pastol

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish pastor. Doublet of pastor, a later borrowing.


dimon

Borrowed from Kapampangan dimun, earlier demun, from Proto-Philippine *daʀumun (“nest of animals”). Compare Ilocano dugmon, Bikol Central dugmon, Cebuano dugmon, and Malay derumun, variant of jerumbun.

der

delivery bed of a sow made of grass, twigs or rubbish

period after delivery in which a mother must stay in bed


balansa

Borrowed from Spanish balanza, from Medieval Latin balantia, from Latin bilanx. Doublet of balanse.


sawi

person killed (in an accident, war, etc.)


kemikal

tl-noun

kémikál or kemikál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜋᜒᜃᜎ᜔)

kémikál (canonical)
kemikál (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜋᜒᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


pagtatampo

pagtatampó (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜆᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ)

pagtatampó (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜆᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

sulking; showing resentment and displeasure, usually through silence and distance from other people


basbas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *basbas (“purify by sprinkling with holy water”), from Proto-Austronesian *basbas (“sprinkle”).

inh

(figurative) superficial cut (of one's hair)


danumnayan

tl-noun

danumnayan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜈᜓᜋ᜔ᜈᜌᜈ᜔)

Blend of Kapampangan danum (“water; liquid”) + hanay (“category”) + -an + -an.


Pilipina

female equivalent of Pilipino: Filipina; a citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines, and those descending from such, who is female


sasti

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish sastre, from Catalan sastre, from Latin sartor.


tuklap

act of detaching (something pasted, glued, nailed on a surface)

part detached forcibly (becoming a flap)

condition of being detached (of something pasted, glued, nailed on a surface)


kunwari

kunwarì (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜏᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
conouari (alternative)
conovari (alternative)
conuari (alternative)
kunowari (alternative)
kunuwari (alternative)
kunwa (alternative)
kunowa (alternative)
kunuwa (alternative)
kunware (alternative colloquial)
kunyari (alternative)
kungyari (alternative)
kunya (alternative)
kunyare (alternative colloquial)

[kʊn̪ˈwaː.ɾɪʔ]

[kʊn̪ˈwaː.ɾɛʔ]

Commonly believed to be from univerbation of kung (“if”) + wari (“deliberation”). However, according to the Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613), the word is from univerbation of kuno (“alleging”) + wari (“seemingly”) and therefore could be a syncopic form of earlier variant kunuwari. Compare Pangasinan kunwari and Kapampangan kanuari, kunuari.


kunyari

kunyarì (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
kungyari (alternative)
kunyare (alternative colloquial)

[kʊnˈɲaː.ɾɪʔ]

[kʊnˈɲaː.ɾɛʔ]

[kʊn̪ˈjaː.ɾɪʔ]

[kʊn̪ˈjaː.ɾɛʔ]

According to Zorc (1981), from kung (“if”) + yari (“to happen; to occur”), which would make it an eggcorn of kunwari. However, according to Panganiban (1973), the word is a variant of kunwari.


akala

akalà (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜎ (Baybayin)
kala (alternative)

[ʔɐˈxaː.lɐʔ]

According to Potet (2013, 2016), could be from the following:
* From Sanskrit आकार (ākāra, “form; figure; shape; stature; appearance”)
* From Arabic عَقَلَ (ʕaqala, “to realize; to understand”). Compare Malay akal.
* From Arabic كَالَ (kāla, “to measure”).

bor

presumption; surmise; assumption; thinking


katuwiran

ᜃᜆᜓᜏᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
catouiran (alternative)
katowiran (alternative obsolete)
katuiran (alternative obsolete)
katwiran (alternative)

From tuwid (“straight”) + ka- -an, literally “straightness; correctness”.


kapag

kapág (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
capag (alternative)

stroking and struggling of hands and feet when drowning


prediksiyon

tl-noun

prediksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

prediksiyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
prediksyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish predicción, from Latin praedictiō.


kawasa

Borrowed from Malay kuasa, from Javanese ꦏꦸꦮꦱ (kuwasa), ꦏꦮꦱ (kawasa), from Sanskrit वश (vaśa, “authority, power, control, dominion”).

m+

(uncommon) endurance or tolerance of suffering


aburan

[ʔɐ.bʊˈɾan̪]


tigis

pouring of liquid from one container to another up to the last drop

slow drip or trickle of liquid from one container to another up to the last drop


koalisyon

tl-noun

koalisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜏᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

koalisyón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish coalición, from Medieval Latin coalitiō, from Latin coalitus.


biyopisika

biyopísiká (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜉᜒᜐᜒᜃ)

biyopísiká (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜉᜒᜐᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


sismolohiya

sismolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
sismolohia (alternative dated)


kadmiyo

Borrowed from Spanish cadmio, from New Latin cadmium.


estronsiyo

estrónsiyó (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓ)

estrónsiyó (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish estroncio, from English strontium, from Strontian, town in Scotland where the mineral was discovered.


kamot-pusa

kamot-pusà (canonical)
ᜃᜋᜓᜆ᜔ᜉᜓᜐ (Baybayin)
kamotpusa (alternative)


almeha

[ʔɐlˈmɛː.hɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish almeja (“clam”), possibly from Arabic الْمَحَار (al-maḥār).


taluiryap

taluiryáp (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜓᜁᜇ᜔ᜌᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
taloiryap (alternative)
taloyryap (alternative)
taluidyap (alternative)

Di nagtataluiryap ang pagkakita ko, ay wala na.

My vision was not catching a glimpse yet but it was gone.

twinkling of an eye (short period of time)


kaluluwa

kaluluwá or káluluwá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜎᜓᜏ)

kaluluwá (canonical)
káluluwá (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜎᜓᜏ (Baybayin)
caloloua (alternative)
kalolowa (alternative obsolete)
kalulowa (alternative obsolete)
kalulwa (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *ka-du-duha (“soul, spirit of a living person”), from ka- + *duha (“two”, fossilized form of dalawa), with reduplication of the first syllable of the root, and /d/ sound-shifted to /l/. Compare Ilocano kararua, Pangasinan kamarerua, Dupaningan Agta kaliduwa, Ibanag ikakarwa, Kapampangan kaladdua, Tagbanwa kiyarulwa, Cebuano kaluha, Maranao ikadowa, Mansaka kallowa, Tausug aluwa, and Central Dusun koduduo.


espiritwalidad

tl-noun

espiritwalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

espiritwalidád (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
espirituwalidad (alternative)


anunsiyo

anúnsiyó (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
anunsyo (alternative)


adopsiyon

adopsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adopsiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
adopsyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish adopción (“adoption”), from Latin adoptiōnem. Doublet of adapsiyon.


adiksiyon

tl-noun

adiksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adiksiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
adiksyon (alternative)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɪkˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish adicción, from Latin addictiōnem.


pantig

[pɐn̪ˈt̪ɪɡ̚]


obitwaryo

obitwaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜊᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜂᜊᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
obituwaryo (alternative)