basketbol

tl-noun

básketból (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔)

básketból (canonical)
ᜊᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

(sports) basketball (game and ball used)


batalyon

batalyón (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish batallón (“battalion”).


trombon

trombón (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish trombón (“trombone”).


ambar

Borrowed from Spanish ámbar, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”). Compare Malay ambar. Doublet of ambal.


Tito

tl-noun

Tito (feminine Tita, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

Tito Juan

(familiar) honorific used before the name of an uncle: Uncle


bulay

stripping of palm leaves (for making mats, bags, baskets, etc.)


atomo

Borrowed from Spanish átomo (“atom”), from Latin atomus, from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”).


karta

Borrowed from Spanish carta, from Latin charta, borrowed from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs). Doublet of kalatas, kard, and tsart.


semantika

semántiká (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish semántica, ultimately from Ancient Greek σημᾰντῐκή (sēmăntĭkḗ).


altruismo

tl-noun

altruismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


altruista

altruista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


balanse

Borrowed from Spanish balance, from French balance, from Middle French balance, from Old French balance, from Vulgar Latin *bilancia, from Latin bilanx. Doublet of balansa.


daigdig

daigdíg (canonical)
ᜇᜁᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
daygdig (alternative)
dayigdig (alternative obsolete)
dayigrig (alternative obsolete)

[d̪ɐ.ʔɪɡˈd̪ɪɡ̚]

From Greater Central Philippine *daləgdəg (“thunder”), ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *dəʀdəʀ (“thunder”). Cognate with Aklanon daeugdog, Asi rayugrog, Cebuano dalugdog, Maranao dalendeg, Maguindanao dalendeg, and Tausug dawgdug. The current meaning comes from, according to Fr. de los Santos (1835), an ancient belief that thunder can be heard throughout the world, hence the term sandaigdigan, now shortened as daigdig, to refer to the entire world as a single area that the sound of thunder can reach.

(figurative) sphere (of any human activity)


kabinet

[ˌkaː.bɪˈn̪ɛt̪̚]

Borrowed from English cabinet. Doublet of gabinete.


kandidatura

kandidatura (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜆᜓᜇ)

[kɐn̪.d̪ɪ.d̪ɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


kapitan

kapitán (feminine kapitana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

kapitán (canonical)
kapitana (feminine)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
capitan (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish capitán, from Late Latin capitāneus.

Ta[m]a : "Ang una ay mali kung ang kaisipang gustong ilantad ay isa ang kapitan sa bawa't barangay.”

Correct: "The first one is incorrect if the idea to be expressed is there is one captain in every barangay."

Nagtawag ng pangalan si Misis. Katabi niya ang kapitan ng baryo bilang tagapatunay sa katauhan ng mga natawag. “Simeon Alcaraz, Corazon Santos, Pelagia Cruz. Teka, teka ikaw ba 'tong Corazon Santos?"

1994, Batingaw: aklat sa Filipino, wika at panitikan, antas sekundarya, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 155:

Madam called names. Beside him is the barrio chief as the one who will prove the identity of those called. "Simeon Alcaraz, Corazon Santos, Pelagia Cruz. Oh, are you that Corazon Santos?"

village chief; head of a barangay or barrio


kapitan

kapitán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
capitan (alternative)

anything used to hold on (such as a railing, banister, etc.)


klinika

Borrowed from Spanish clínica, from Latin clīnicē, from Ancient Greek κλῑνῐκή (klīnĭkḗ). Doublet of klinik.


konduktor

konduktór (feminine konduktora, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

konduktór (canonical)
konduktora (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kunduktor (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish conductor, from Latin conductor. Sense of “person who collects fares in Public transportation”, semantic loan from English conductor.

(music) conductor; bandmaster; orchestra or band leader

(transport) conductor; fare collector in public transportation

(physics) conductor (something that can transmit electricity, heat, light or sound)


prak

Borrowed from Spanish frac, from French frac, from English frock.


konsul

konsul or konsúl (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ᜔)

konsul (canonical)
konsúl (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cónsul or English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

consul (official who protects the interests of citizens)


kupon

kupón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
kopon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cupón, from French coupon.


etika

[ˌʔɛː.t̪ɪˈxa]

Borrowed from Spanish ética, from Late Latin ēthica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”).


lider

Borrowed from Spanish líder, from English leader.

Nagkalat na ang mg̃a lider na daladalawá ó sampû-sampû ang pagmumukhâ. Ang polítika ay lamáng tiyán, hindî polítikang pangtubós sa bayan ang pinaiiral ng̃ayón.

1917, Juan Rivera Lázaro, Ang patay na nabuhay: kasaysayang Tagalog:


lirika

Borrowed from Spanish lírica, feminine of lírico, from Latin lyricus, from Ancient Greek λυρικός (lurikós). Sense meaning "words to a song" is a semantic loan from English lyrics. Correct Spanish term would be letras de canciones. Doublet of liriks.


seguro

Borrowed from Spanish seguro, from Latin sēcūrus. Doublet of siguro.


isig

From Southern Proto-Philippine *isəg (“brave”). Compare Cebuano isog.


ateismo

ateísmo (canonical)
ᜀᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


permiso

Hinarang kami ng mga militar. Walang permiso, walang rali-rali. Walang nego, walang katu-katuwiran, basta walang lahat, wala. Mayroon lamang isang ultimatum. Magdispers sa loob ng kinse minutos. Nag-usap ang mga nasa 1 i m nego ...

'Nirekord ko ang buong usapan nang may permiso siya, siyempre. Nakamamangha ang ilan sa mga sinabi niya at ibibigay ko sa iyo ang narekord ko na ito. 'Talaga?' Sabi ko. 'Napakabait mo naman!' 'Trabaho ito, Max. Purong trabaho, iyon ...

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN:

Mga Bagong Reporma Sinimulan na ng gobyernong Saudi ang pagpapatibay ng mga repormang humaharap sa labor ... ang mga migrant worker ng exemption sa pagkuha ng permiso ng amo para sa exit visa kung hindi sila nasahuran ng ...

year unknown, Pang-aabuso sa mga Dayuhang Asyanong Domestic Workers sa Saudi Arabia, Human Rights Watch, page 37


minimalismo

minimalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


miting

Borrowed from Spanish mitin, from English meeting. The second sense is directly borrowed from English meeting.


molekula

Borrowed from Spanish molécula, from New Latin molecula, diminutive of Latin moles (“mass”).


entri

[ˈʔɛn̪.t̪ɾɪ]


chicha

[ˈt͡ʃiː.t͡ʃɐ]


ene

Borrowed from Spanish ene, the Spanish name of the letter N /n.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Abecedario


maestra

[mɐˈɛs.t̪ɾɐ]

[mɐˈʔɛs.t̪ɾɐ]

(dated) female equivalent of maestro: female teacher


residente

residente (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


amistad

Borrowed from Spanish amistad, from Old Spanish amiztad, from Vulgar Latin *amīcitātem.


lala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq (“to sting, of a wound or spices in food”). Doublet of lara.

inh

state of becoming or growing serious or aggravated


lala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laja (“to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats”).


lala

flaying of the skin due to a fall or burn


lala

name of the Baybayin letter ᜎ, corresponding to "la"


tso

Clipping of karantso or backslang tsokaran.


paga

See baga (“abscess; tumor”). Possibly a back-formation of maga (“swollen”).


gambi

mention or reference to something during a discussion to support a given point


muli

mulí (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
moli (alternative)


muli

resemblance; similarity (especially by inheritance of the parents' traits)


muli

mulì (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
moli (alternative)

examine something well to learn more about

(figurative) remembering; bringing to mind

(colloquial) mistake from what one knows


adarga

[ʔɐˈd̪aɾ.ɡɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish adarga, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic دَرَقَة (daraqa, “shield”).


Lola

tl-noun

Lola (masculine Lolo, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜎ)

Lola Basyang

honorific used before the name of a grandmother: Grandma; Grandmama; Granny


kaktus

Borrowed from English cactus, from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”). Doublet of kakto.


perito

Borrowed from Spanish perito, from Latin perītus.


ingrata

ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆ (Baybayin)
inggrata (alternative)

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾaː.t̪ɐ]


larga

larga (canonical)
largá (canonical)
ᜎᜇ᜔ᜄ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish larga, imperative of largar.


larga

loosening; prolongation (as of a kite string in the air)


rotonda

ᜇᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
rotunda (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish rotonda, from Italian rotonda.

(loosely) a road intersection, not necessarily circular in shape

(architecture) rotunda (a round building, usually small, often with a dome)

(architecture) rotunda (large and high circular hall or room in a building, especially one with an arched roof)


suprema

[sʊˈpɾɛː.mɐ]

female equivalent of supremo: highest female ruler or officer


asilo

tl-noun

asilo or ásiló (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜎᜓ)

asilo (canonical)
ásiló (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish asilo, from Latin asylum, from Ancient Greek ἄσυλον (ásulon).


tila

time or period of the momentary stopping of rain


margarina

[mɐɾ.ɡɐˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish margarina, from French margarine (“margarine”), from acide margarique (“margaric acid”), from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”). Doublet of margarin.


hain

ᜑᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
hayin (alternative obsolete)
ahin (alternative)

From earlier hayin. Compare Ilocano aon, Bikol Central haon, Cebuano haon, and Tausug hawn. See also ahon.

setting up of meals (on the dining table)


kalan

kalán (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
calan (alternative)


kalan

divisions like a barangay, dividing four by four


sukat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Aklanon sukat, Kapampangan sukad, Malay sukat, and Tetum sukat.

act of trying the size of clothing, footwear, etc.


panit

shaved portion (crown) of the head; tonsure

skin abrasion; skinned or excoriated part of the body


madrasa

ᜋᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ (Baybayin)
madrasah (alternative)
Madrasah (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مَدْرَسَة (madrasa, “school”).


olat

[ˈʔoː.lɐt̪̚]


olat

[ˈʔoː.lɐt̪̚]


suot

suót (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜂᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
soot (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *suq(ə)lút. Compare Botolan Sambal holot, Kapampangan sulud, Bikol Central sulot, Cebuano sul-ot, and Maranao solot. Doublet of sulot.

entry into somewhere extremely tight or narrow (such as a hole, small opening, thick forest, etc.)

insertion into a hole (as into the eye of a needle)

wearing of clothes, footwear, eyeglasses, etc.


pilat

From Proto-Philippine *pilat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pilat. Compare Coastal Kadazan pihat.


karit

[ˈkaː.ɾɪt̪̚]

Compare Romblomanon kārit and Cebuano karit.

extraction of juice from nipa palm for making wine or vinegar by first cutting the top of the palm with a sickle


lamat

slight crack or fissure (in glassware, chinaware, wood, plastic, etc.)


terno

set of things used together (due to similar design or color making a suitable pair)


tulo

tulò (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
tolo (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduq (“to leak; drip”) (cf. Iban tudoh, Ilocano tudo (“rain”), Ivatan toro, Kapampangan tulu (“drop; spill; flow; to pour”)), from Proto-Austronesian *tuduq (“to leak; drip”) (cf. Paiwan tjusuq, Thao tusuq). See also Tetum turu.


tulot

Possibly borrowed from Malay turut (“following suit”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuʀut (“to follow instructions, follow an example; carry along, give in, allow something to happen”). Compare Kapampangan tulut (“to allow; to concede”), Bikol Central tugot (“to allow; to permit”), Cebuano tugot (“to approve; to yield”), and Hiligaynon tugut (“permission”).


raketa

[ɾɐˈxɛː.t̪ɐ]

(sports) racket (in tennis, badminton, etc.)


globo

Borrowed from Spanish globo, from Latin globus. Doublet of lobo.

globe (spherical object, especially a model of the Earth)


amuleto

Borrowed from Spanish amuleto, from Latin amulētum.


gramatika

gramátiká (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɐˌmaː.t̪ɪˈxa]

Borrowed from Spanish gramática, from Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ). Doublet of gramar.

Sa ganang iba, ang gramatika ay kailangang pagpakasanayan sapagka't ang kaalaman nito ay magagamit sa lalong mataas na pag-aaral at gayon din sa paghubog sa isip. Ang mga ito ang sumasampalataya sa mental discipline.

1957, Institute of National Language (Philippines), Paper:

Maging sa pag-e-encode ng mga pangungusap at talata sa wikang Ingles, may kapasidad ang kompyuter na iwasto ang gramatika . Maaari ring maghanap ng katumbas na salita sa thesaurus sa kompyuter.

2001, Retorikang Pangkolehiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN:


muni

Possibly from an earlier variant muli (“opening of the eyes; coming into mind; consideration”).
See also the following possibly related words:
* Sanskrit मुनि (muni, “sage, ascetic”), from मन् (man, “think”)
* Spanish muñir, from Latin monēre

thinking according to logic and reason; rationalization; reasoning

reflection (careful thought or consideration)


sotana

Borrowed from Spanish sotana, from Italian sottana.


menudo

Borrowed from Spanish menudo (“small bits; tripe stew”), from Latin minūtus (“small, little”). Doublet of menu and minuto.

bor+

menudo (dish of cubes of pork and liver cooked with potato cubes and with tomatoes and spices)

selling goods directly to consumers per piece


tapat

Ang puno sa tapat ng bahay ay isang daang taon na.

The tree in front of the house is a hundred years old.

act of going through the direct route (to a certain place)

act of admitting or confessing (of one's guilt or crime)

Tapat na ho.


damo

damó (canonical)
ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
ramo (alternative)

Compare Kedah Malay damoh (“filthy”). Sense 4, semantic loan from English weed.

aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo

Malakas pa rin daw gumamit ng damo at ang balita, natuto na ring mag shabu. Pinamanahan daw ng ama ng dala wang ektaryang lupa ngunit ibinenta niya ito. Palaboy laboy na lang daw siya ngayon.

(Batangas) scattered garbage of peelings, shavings, etc.


turo

turò (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
toro (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tulduq (doublet of Proto-Philippine *tuduq), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuzuq, from Proto-Austronesian *tuzuq. Compare Kapampangan tuldu, Cebuano tudlo, and Malay tuju.


kalma

Borrowed from Spanish calma, from Late Latin cauma, ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma).


kalma

Borrowed from Kapampangan kalma, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman). Doublet of karma.


kusin

kusín (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cosin (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish cojín (“cushion”).

cushion made of velvet or silk which native ladies would sit on


klerk

Borrowed from English clerk, from Middle English clerc, from Old English clerc, from Late Latin clēricus, from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós). Doublet of klerigo.


inmoralidad

tl-noun

inmoralidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

inmoralidád (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
imoralidad (alternative common)


tili

tilî (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
til-i (alternative)


tili

state of permanency; unchanged condition


tili

state of being unable to move in shock or amazement


lapaan

lápáan or lapaán (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜉᜀᜈ᜔)

lápáan (canonical)
lapaán (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

slaughterhouse; place for butchering; abattoir


kuta

kutà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ (Baybayin)
cota (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay kota, from Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort; castle”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “fort; castle”) or Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”). Compare Indonesian kota and Javanese ꦏꦸꦛ (kutha).


kuta

Early borrowing from Spanish cota, from Old French cote, from Latin cotta (“undercoat, tunic”).


suri

Borrowed from Malay sudi, from Classical Malay سودي (sudi), from Sanskrit शुद्धि (śuddhi, “pure”). Compare Kapampangan suri.

shirring; making of shirrs (in cloth or garments)


liho

omission of a word in writing (usually inadvertently)


puki

puki (canonical)
pukì (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)


dupa

Borrowed from Malay dupa, from Sanskrit धूप (dhūpa).


pinse

Borrowed from Hokkien 硼砂 (phêng-se, “borax”).

borax; sodium borate (used in traditional medicine)


tingi

Borrowed from Hokkien 中意 (tèng-ì, “to suit one's desire”) as per Manuel (1948).

bor+

retail selling; sale of goods at retail price


tinga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiŋah (“food particles caught between the teeth”) (cf. Ivatan tinya, Ilocano ingat, Kapampangan tinga, Cebuano tinga, and Tausug tinga), from Proto-Austronesian *CiŋaS (cf. Amis tingas, Bunun cingas, and Sakizaya tingas).

inh

bits of food or foreign matter lodged between the teeth

(by extension) charge of bullet in a gun (ready for the firing pin)


amalgama

Borrowed from Spanish amalgama (“amalgam”), from Medieval Latin amalgama (“mercury alloy”), from Arabic الْمَلْغَم (al-malḡam, “emollient poultice or unguent for sores”), from Ancient Greek μάλαγμα (málagma, “emollient”).

der

(metallurgy) amalgam (alloy containing mercury)

amalgam (combination of different things)

(dentistry) amalgam (an alloy of mercury used to fill tooth cavities)


paina

any of the two principal sidings of the rungs of a ladder or of the steps of a staircase


samat

samat (canonical)
samát (canonical)
ᜐᜋᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

leaf of betel pepper (used in wrapping buyo)


samat

woven or sewn palm leaves used as a platter


takin

bark (especially of a puppy or a warning bark of an older dog)


salin

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.

translation (from one language to another)

endorsement from one office to another (of a document, circular, communication, etc.)

turning over of an office or position to the successor


salit

salít (canonical)
ᜐᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sal-it (alternative)

alternate placement, making, or doing of things (or at intervals)

things placed, made, or done in such intervals


tipan

act of arranging an appointment (with someone)

date promised for the settlement of an obligation (such as debt)


aspin

Blend of aso (“dog”) + Pinoy, newly coined by the Philippine Animal Welfare Society as an alternative to askal.

Tanging tahol na lamang ng ilang mga aspin ang naiwang nag-iingay sa paligid. Mangilan-ilan na lang ang mga taong makikitang naglalakad.

2016, Angelportea, In Loving Memory of Maria Elena Garchitorena:

Only the barking of a few askals was left making noise around. Only a few people can be seen walking.

Si Kokie na siguro ang pinakasuwerteng aspin sa buong mundo.

2021, Celin Dion, The Days Before Eighteen:

Kokie is probably the luckiest aspin in the whole world.

askal (a variety of mongrel dog breed in the Philippines)


sakon

sakón (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tsakon (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish chacón, possibly of onomatopoeic origin from the sound of the tokay gecko. Compare Hiligaynon sakon.


palot

odor wet with perspiration or urine; odor of evaporating urine (usually stale)


sulat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”). Compare Ilocano surat, Pangasinan sulat, Kapampangan sulat, Asi suyat, Bikol Central surat, Aklanon sueat, Cebuano suwat, Maranao sorat, and Javanese ꦱꦸꦫꦠ꧀ (surat).

May sulat po kayo!

ang sulat sa mga Romano


kulot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulut (“curly-haired”). Compare Ilocano kulot, Pangasinan kulut, Kapampangan kulut, and Cebuano kulot.

kulot ng boses

(music, colloquial) melisma; vocal run (in singing)


kupit

From Proto-Philippine *kupit (“pilfering, filching, stealing small amounts”).


kipot

ᜃᜒᜉᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
qipot (alternative)
quipot (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiput (“narrow”).

inh+

smallness (as of the size of shoes, hats, etc.)


amores

[ʔɐˈmoː.ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish amores, plural of amor, from Latin amōrem. Doublet of amor.


madrastra

ᜋᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
madrasta (alternative)

Coordinate term: padrastro


padrastro

tl-noun

padrastro (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜉᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
padrasto (alternative)


padrino

⇒ English: padrino system

Borrowed from Spanish padrino, from Early Medieval Latin patrīnus (“godfather”). Compare Chamorro patlinu.

der

Total, magagamit ang mga padrino sá pulitika sá ikapananatili nila sá magagandang puwesto. "Binago ko ang paniwalang iyon," sabi ni Monching.

Ang pagkakataon upang magkaroon ng lupa ay dapat ibigay sa lahat ng mamamayan nang walang pagpapahalaga sa pulitika, partido, o mga padrino.

The right to own land should be provided to all citizens without the influence of politics, parties and their backers.

Malakas ang silaw ng koneksiyon sa lipunang pinaghaharian ng mga padrino. Gusto ng ibang mapabilang ang pangalan sa listahan nina Ninoy Aquino at Ferdinand Marcos, o nina Teofisto Guingona at Ernesto Maceda.

Pipilayan natin ang operasyon ng mga drug lords at ng kanilang mga padrino sa mga pasilyo ng kapangyarihan.

2003, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, State-of-the-nation address: third regular session of the 12th Congress:

We will paralyze the operation of the drug lords and their backers in the seats of power.

backer, patron or sponsor of someone or something (especially of a corrupt politician)

Karapat-dapat sa ganyang uri ng binata ang pinakamaganda at pinakamabait na binibini. Sakaling kukulangin ang mga padrino'y, nagpiprisinta na ako." Pinagpawisan si Kapitan Tiago, hindi makasagot. ' "Wala pa siguro kayong kasunduan ...

year unknown, Noli Me Tangere Ni Jose Rizal 1999 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc. →ISBN, page 196

... sa inyo na ako'y hindi nakukuha sa mga palipaliwanag, kahi't na ang mga paliwanag na iya'y totoong nakapagpapa- baba at nakasisirang puri sa nagbibigay, gaya sa halimbawa ng ginawa ninyo sa mga padrino ni Mr. Llody Rehisthone.

1917, Gerardo Chanco Reyes, Mahigit sa ginto: kasaysayan ng isang babaing malaya:

Bukás ang pintuan at magpapakilalang naroroon na si Escosura at sampu ng mga padrino niya. Matiwasay si Ricardong nasok ng patuluyan sa pintuan at taglay sa mukha ang di matingkalang katapangan. Sumisikat na ang araw. Ang ganap ...

1918, Rosendo Ignacio, Pusong magdaraya, o, Sumpain ang maga lalaki: halaw sa isang marikit na kasaysayang kastila:

Sa Talongaring na Seseg (Ang Bentahe ng Masipag, 1920) binigyan niya ng importansiya ang sariling sikap sa pagpapabuti ng kabuhayan ng tao sa halip na paghihintay ng tulong ng mga padrino; inilahad niya ang magkakasalungat na ...

1996, Sarswelang Pangasinan, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Salamat na lamang at naroroon ako. Itinanong sa akin kung bakit maraming taong nag-aanasan sa silong ng Tribunal. Tinugon ko kapagkaraka na ang mga iyo'y nahuling nagsusugal ng Monte, at ang iba'y mga padrino nila na namamanhik ...

1998, Emilio Aguinaldo, Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan, National Centennial Commission:

(archaic) sponsor at a wedding, baptism, confirmation, etc.


makaroni

Borrowed from English macaroni, from Italian maccaroni, obsolete variant of maccheroni (“macaroni”), plural of maccherone.


trumpeta

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
trompeta (alternative)

[t̪ɾʊmˈpɛː.t̪ɐ]


dosis

Borrowed from Spanish dosis, from Late Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek δόσις (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), from Proto-Hellenic *dótis, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tis.


mami

Borrowed from Hokkien, either:
* 肉麵 /肉面 (mah-mī, “meat and noodles soup”, literally “meat and noodles”), according to Chan-Yap (1980). Compare Cebuano bam-i, Indonesian bakmi, Javanese ꦧꦏ꧀ꦩꦶ (bakmi), Dutch bami. See also Hokkien 牛肉麵 /牛肉面 (gû-mah-mī, “beef noodles”).
* 馬麵 /马面 (má mī, literally “Ma’s noodles”), noodles peddled by Ma Mon Luk (馬文祿 ／ 马文禄, Cantonese Yale: Máh Màhn-luhk; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Má Bûn Lo̍k) in his restaurant since the 1920s in Binondo, Manila.
Manuel (1948) also records an entry, providing the definitions and pronunciation of Hokkien 肉麵 /肉面 (mah-mī, “meat and noodles soup”, literally “meat and noodles”), but misidentifies it as Cantonese.

ncog

cellophane noodles
cellophane noodles#English

mami (a soup dish of wheat noodles or cellophane noodles mixed with various meat and vegetables)

Cantonese Yale
Ma Mon Luk
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
tl:mami


senador

tl-noun

senadór (feminine senadora, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

senadór (canonical)
senadora (feminine)
ᜐᜒᜈᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish senador (“senator”).


kapat

Possibly from variant kaapat, from ka- + apat.


nanometro

tl-noun

nanometro or nanómetró (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜈᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

nanometro (canonical)
nanómetró (canonical)
ᜈᜈᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɐˌn̪oː.mɛˈt̪ɾo]


alam

alám (canonical)
alam (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Bikol Central aram.

der

Aramaic עָלְמָא

Malaking lubha ang alam ng loob mo.

The kindness of your heart is too great.


alis

From Proto-Philippine *qalis (“to change place or activity”).


elisi

[ˌʔɛː.lɪˈsɪ]


elise

élisé (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
elesi (alternative)
elisi (alternative)

[ˌʔɛː.lɪˈsɛ]

[ˌʔɛː.lɪˈsɪ]

Borrowed from Spanish hélice (“helix; propeller”), from Latin helīx, from Ancient Greek ἕλῑξ (hélīx, “spiral”). Compare English helix.


responsabilidad

tl-noun

responsabilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

responsabilidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
responsibilidad (alternative)

responsibility (thing a person is responsible for)


almirante

almirante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish almirante, from Old Spanish amirate. Doublet of emir and admiral.


instituto

instituto (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


sile

Possibly a colloquial variant of sili due to /e/-/i/ allophony, or from Mexican Spanish chile, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.


renda

Borrowed from Spanish rienda, from Early Medieval Latin retina. Doublet of retina.


siha

interior section or quarter (of an orange, mandarin, etc.)

area marked off by lines on the palm of the hand


termometro

térmométro or termómetró (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

térmométro (canonical)
termómetró (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɛɾˌmoː.mɛˈt̪ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish termómetro, from termo- + -metro, from Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”) and Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”).


silid-aklatan

tl-noun

silíd-aklatan (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜆᜈ᜔)

silíd-aklatan (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜀᜃ᜔ᜎᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɪˌlɪd̪ ʔɐkˈlaː.t̪ɐn̪]

Tahimik sa silid-aklatan kaya masarap matulog dito.

It's quiet in the library so it's nice to sleep here.


deista

(religion) deist (a person who believes in deism)


tenga

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


munti

muntî (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
monti (alternative)

term of endearment
term of endearment#English

(endearing) a term of endearment for a child or younger sibling: shorty

(obsolete) act of shrinking something big


sulo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suluq. Compare Bikol Central sulo, Cebuano sulo, Waray-Waray sulo, Tausug sū', Malay suluh, Minangkabau suluah, and Sundanese suluh (“fuel”).

inh+

lighted torch; light to be carried about or stuck in a holder


sulo

act of dazzling someone with a strong light

condition of being dazzled by a strong light


misterio

ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


lokal

Borrowed from Spanish local. Doublet of lugar.

local (a branch of an organization, especially a religious one)


telegrama

[t̪ɛ.lɛɡˈɾaː.mɐ]


abaloni

Borrowed from English abalone, from Spanish abulón, from Southern Ohlone aūlun (“red abalone”) or a neighboring language. Doublet of abulon.


asento

ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
aksento (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish acento, ultimately from Latin accentus.

(linguistics) accent (higher-pitched or stronger articulation)

(orthography) accent (mark to indicate accent)

(sociolinguistics) accent (distinctive pronunciation associated with a region, social group, etc.)


haling

extreme fondness; obsession (over something)


riles

Clipping from Spanish carriles, plural of carril. Doublet of karil.

rail (metal bar that makes the track of a railroad)


bunton

dumping; heaping (of something in one place)

(colloquial) undetermined number or amount


pasada

act of driving a rented vehicle, especially a jeepney, taxi, rickshaw

act of doing something quickly so to have it done immediately


triduo

tl-noun

tríduó (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜂ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜏᜓ)

tríduó (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜂ (Baybayin)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜏᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪ɾiː.d̪ʊˈʔo]


nordeste

ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish nordeste (“northeast”).


sanse

sansé (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
samce (alternative)
samse (alternative obsolete)
sansi (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 三姊 (saⁿ-chí / saⁿ-ché, “third eldest sister”) according to Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948).

Coordinate term: sangko

term of address for the third eldest sister

(Bulacan) term of address for the third eldest female cousin


antas

degree of progress; level of development


Filipina

tl-noun

Filipina (masculine Filipino, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜉᜒᜈ)

Borrowed from Spanish filipina, feminine form of filipino.

(proscribed) alternative form of Pilipina, female equivalent of Filipino: female Filipino; Filipina (person)

(historical) female equivalent of Filipino: female Philippine-born person of pure or majority Spanish descent


testamento

testamento (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


pasaporte

Borrowed from Spanish pasaporte (“passport”), from French passeport.


epilogo

Borrowed from Spanish epílogo, from Ancient Greek ἐπίλογος (epílogos).


Doktor

tl-noun

Doktór (feminine Doktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

Doktór (canonical)
Doktora (feminine)
ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
Dr. (alternative abbreviation)

Doktor Juan Dela Cruz

Doktor Dela Cruz

(medicine, sciences) honorific used before the name of a male doctor: Doctor


abla

abla (canonical)
ablá (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish habla (“speech”), from Old Spanish fabla, from Latin fābula. Doublet of habla and pabula.


albumina

Borrowed from Spanish albúmina with a shift of stress, from Latin albūminem. Doublet of albumen.


misil

ᜋᜒᜐᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
misail (alternative dated)
misayl (alternative)
misel (alternative)

Borrowed from English missile, from Latin missile (“thrown weapon, projectile”).

der

kailangan namin,” at ang mga file na iyon gaganapin ang susi sa napagtatanto kung ano na. ... Karaniwan, ang ilang mga walang pili Joe, libot sa pamamagitan ng bahay pagnanakaw kubyertos, ay may mga plano sa ballistic misayl submarino o ...

2012, Robert Skyler, Kaputol Mundo - Ay Madaling Gawin:


daga

dagâ (canonical)
ᜇᜄ (Baybayin)
raga (alternative)

Compare Cebuano ilaga and Kapampangan dagis.


alterno

[ʔɐlˈt̪ɛɾ.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish alterno, from Latin alternus.


ornitologo

tl-noun

ornitólogó (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ)

ornitólogó (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


tubero

[t̪ʊˈbɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish tubero (“plumber; pipefitter”). By surface analysis, tubo + -ero.


partida

[pɐɾˈt̪iː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish partida (“departure”), feminine of partido.

partida bautismo
partida bautismo#Tagalog


naik

[ˈn̪aː.ʔɪk̚]


pulos

excess; leftovers of some craft (like of gold or snippets of fabric)


kamara

Borrowed from Spanish cámara, from Latin camera. Doublet of kamera.

room used for deliberation by a legislature

(government, politics) legislative body; house


pigi

pigî (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
pigy (alternative)
pig-y (alternative)
pig-yi (alternative)
pig-i (alternative)
pigyi (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Greater Central Philippine *pigʔiʔ (“buttocks”). Compare Waray-Waray pig-i and Tausug pigi'.


agronomia

tl-noun

agronomia (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


agronomo

[ʔɐˌɡɾoː.n̪oˈmo]

Borrowed from Spanish agrónomo, from Ancient Greek ἀγρονόμος (agronómos).


Sultan

Sultán (feminine Sultana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔)

Sultán (canonical)
Sultana (feminine)
ᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Sultan Kudarat

honorific used before the name of a male islamic monarch: King


halata

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्थय (arthaya, “to perceive”), according to Potet (2016).


silat

slit or open crack between the strips of bamboo flooring, walling, etc.


popularidad

tl-noun

popularidád (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

popularidád (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish popularidad, from Latin popularitātem.


literatura

[lɪ.t̪ɛ.ɾɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish literatura, from Latin litterātūra.


toge

ᜆᜓᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
tawge (alternative)
tawgi (alternative)
togi (alternative)
taugue (alternative)
togue (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆芽 (tāu-gê, “bean sprout”). Compare Indonesian taoge.


arina

[ʔɐˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish harina (“flour”), from Old Spanish farina, from Latin farīna (“flour”).


kilos

ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
qilos (alternative)
quilos (alternative)

behavior; manner or way of acting; conduct


punas

act or manner of wiping off dirt with or as with a rag; cleaning something by wiping


tawing

anything hanging or swinging loosely; pendant


granate

[ɡɾɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish granate, from Occitan granat, from Medieval Latin grānātus. Doublet of granada.

granate:


karambola

Borrowed from Spanish carambola, from Portuguese carambola, from Malay karambal, from Marathi करंबळ (karambaḷ), ultimately from Sanskrit कर्मार (karmā́ra), कर्मरङ्ग (karmaranga).

Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambola#Translingual


sharon

Borrowed from English Sharon, from Hebrew שָׁרוֹן (šārōn, “the Sharon plain”), referencing Sharon Cuneta, singer of the 1985 song Bituing Walang Ningning (literally, “A Star Without Sparkle”), theme song of the film of the same name where Cuneta also stars in. The meaning of the word was taken from the first words of the lyrics of the chorus of the song which goes like Balutin mo ako ng hiwaga ng iyong pagmamahal […], which translates to “Wrap me with the mystery of your love […]”.

m-g

Wrap me with the mystery of your love 􂀿…􂁀

wrapping or packing food for takeout (especially leftovers after a social occasion or a party)

Bituing Walang Ningning (film)
Sharon Cuneta


aptitud

aptitúd (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐp.t̪ɪˈt̪ud̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish aptitud, from Medieval Latin aptitūdinem. Doublet of atityud.


oliba

Borrowed from Spanish oliva, from Latin olīva, from Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) or from Pre-Classical Ancient Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa). Doublet of olibo.

oliba:


latitud

Borrowed from Spanish latitud, from Latin lātitūdō.


ilegalidad

tl-noun

ilegalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜄᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

ilegalidád (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜄᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.lɛ.ɣɐ.lɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


politeismo

politeismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


init

ᜁᜈᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
inet (alternative colloquial)

[ˈʔiː.n̪ɪt̪̚]

[ˈʔiː.n̪ɛt̪̚]

From Proto-Philippine *qinit (“heat of the sun; hot”) (cf. Bikol Central init, Cebuano init, Cuyunon init, Hiligaynon init, Mansaka init (“sweat”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qinit (cf. Totoli init (“sweat”), Pamona ini (“sweat”), Wolio ini (“sweat”)).

inh

Natuyo sa init ng apoy ang mga basa kong kamay.

My wet hands got dry from the heat of the fire.


panenteismo

tl-noun

panenteismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


akustika

akústiká (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acústica, from French acoustique, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós). Doublet of akustiks.


ukit

[ˈʔuː.xɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ukir. Compare Kapampangan dukit and Malay ukir.

carving; engraving; carved or engraved work

groove or hollow cut on a surface with a tool

act of cutting a groove or hollow on a surface


turon

Borrowed from Spanish turrón (“almond nougat confection”).

bor+

turon (Philippine snack made of a fried and caramelized spring roll wrapping thinly sliced bananas)

nougat confection mixed with cashews or other nuts wrapped in rice paper


terasa

[t̪ɛˈɾaː.sɐ]


mudra

ᜋᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
mudrakels (alternative)

Alteration of Spanish madre or English mother. See also madre.


salot

pest; vermin (destructive insects or small animal)

iron guard on perforators, auger tips, etc.


aneks

Borrowed from English annex, from French annexe, from Latin annexus.


aneks

Borrowed from English annex, from Middle English annexen, anexen, from Old French annexer (“to join”), from Medieval Latin annexāre. Doublet of aneksa.


aerodinamika

tl-noun

aerodinámiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜈᜋᜒᜃ)

aerodinámiká (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜈᜋᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
erodinamika (alternative)


agresor

agresór (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈsoɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish agresor, from Latin aggressor.


akrobat

Borrowed from English acrobat, from French acrobate, from Ancient Greek ἀκροβάτης (akrobátēs). Doublet of akrobata.


ambasador

ambásadór (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English ambassador, from Middle English ambassadore, from Anglo-Norman ambassadeur, from Old Italian ambassadore, from Old Occitan ambaisador (“ambassador”), from Medieval Latin ambasiator. Doublet of embahador.


antena

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish antena, from Latin antenna.

(anatomy) feeler (of insects and crustaceans)


balon

balón (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bal-on (alternative)


baraka

(colloquial, figurative) manly woman; macho woman


kriket

Borrowed from English cricket. For the sports definition, possibly through Spanish críquet (“cricket”).


retorika

[ɾɛˌt̪oː.ɾɪˈxa]


akrobatika

akrobátiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜆᜒᜃ)

akrobátiká (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


akronim

ákroním (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)


alpaka

Borrowed from Spanish alpaca, from Aymara allpaqa.


aeronautika

aeronáutiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜈᜏ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

aeronáutiká (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜈᜏ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɛ.ɾoˌn̪aʊ̯.t̪ɪˈxa]


aerobika

aeróbiká (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜊᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
erobika (alternative)

[ʔɐ.ɛˌɾoː.bɪˈxa]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English aerobics. See also Spanish aeróbica.


analitika

analítiká (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


korona

Borrowed from Spanish corona, from Old Spanish corona, from Latin corōna (“crown”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”).


pingot

nick at the edge, such as on a plate, etc.


kelot

Blend of lalaki + English cat; lalaki being shortened to laki and into kela (back slang).

blend

English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">cat</i>


lukot

a species of small honeybee that makes bitterish honey


alumno

tl-noun

alumno (feminine alumna, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish alumno, from Latin alumnus. The modern sense is a semantic loan from English alumnus.


lakan

Compare Javanese ꦫꦏ (raka) and Malay laki.

(historical) lakan (title of nobility or ruler of polities in the precolonial Philippines)

Filipino martial arts
w:Filipino martial arts

(martial arts) black belt (in Filipino martial arts)


asamblea

asamblea or asámbleá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜌ)

asamblea (canonical)
asámbleá (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
asambleya (alternative)
asemblea (alternative)
asembleya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish asamblea (“assembly”), from French assemblée.


integridad

tl-noun

integridád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

integridád (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɡ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


tubos

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbus. Compare Ilocano subbot, Kapampangan atbus, Cebuano tubos, Malay tebus, and Toba Batak tobus.

ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)

redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)


aerostatika

aerostátiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜒᜃ)

aerostátiká (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)
erostatika (alternative)


aranya

aranyá or aranya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜈ᜔ᜌ)

aranyá (canonical)
aranya (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɾɐn̪ˈja]

[ʔɐˈɾan̪.jɐ]

From Spanish araña de luces (“chandelier”) or Spanish araña (“spider”). Doublet of aranyas.


muhi

muhì (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
muha (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मोह (moha, “delusion”). Compare Kapampangan mua.

bor+

intense feeling of annoyance, dislike, or disgust, bordering on hate


kilogramo

tl-noun

kilogramo or kilógramó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ)

kilogramo (canonical)
kilógramó (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish kilogramo, from French kilogramme, from kilo- (“1000”) + gramme (“gram”).

isang kilogramong bigas


perimetro

perimetro or perímetró (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

perimetro (canonical)
perímetró (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[pɛ.ɾɪˈmɛː.t̪ɾo]

[pɛˌɾiː.mɛˈt̪ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish perímetro, from Latin perimetros, from Ancient Greek περίμετρος (perímetros).

Sa loob ng perimetro ng Sta. Vida ay maluwag na nakahinga si Juano.

Juano breathed more freely inside the perimeter of Sta. Vida.


antraks

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ántrax, from Latin anthrax, from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax).


kirot

sharp or stinging pain (of wounds, cuts, etc.)


aperkat

[ˌʔaː.pɛɾˈkat̪̚]


bilis

Compare Kapampangan bilis. See also Spanish veloz.

(grammar) ultimate syllabic stress (without a glottal ending)


simpatia

simpatia or simpatiá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜆᜒᜌ)

simpatia (canonical)
simpatiá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜆᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


reno

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *hrainaz
Old Norse hreinn
Swedish renbor.
Old Norse hreinn
Norwegian Nynorsk reinbor.
French rennebor.
Spanish renobor.
Tagalog reno
Borrowed from Spanish reno.


sapa

From Proto-Austronesian *sapaq (“stream; river”).


balde

tl-noun

baldé or balde (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ)

baldé (canonical)
balde (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
baldi (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish balde. See also Malay baldi.


laon

ᜎᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lauon (alternative)
lawon (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laun.


tapon

wasted material; anything thrown away or wasted

act of spilling (of liquid in a container)


tapon

Borrowed from Spanish tapón, from tapa + -ón.


gatas

→ Kapampangan: gatas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas. Compare Nias ota (“udder”).

(slang, figurative) act of exploiting someone or something (especially to get money)


soberano

tl-noun

soberano (feminine soberana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜊᜒᜇᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish soberano, ultimately from Latin super. Doublet of soprano.


taho

tahô (canonical)
tahó (canonical)
ᜆᜑᜓ (Baybayin)

→ Spanish: tajú

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆腐 (tāu-hū, “tofu; bean curd”). See also Hokkien 豆腐花 (tāu-hū-hoa/tāu-hū-hoe, “douhua; tofu pudding”), which taho might simply be short for.

cog

taho (Philippine snack made of fresh soft tofu, syrup, and sago pearls)


taho

comprehension; knowledge gained from contemplation


probabilidad

tl-noun

probabilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

probabilidád (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


tiket

Para mabili ang tiket niya C. i. Sina Antonia at Aurora 2. Noong Linggo 3. Petsa otso 4 Si Antonia 5. Idinuldol sa kanilang mukha ang tiket 6. May tationg otso 7. Kasi, petsa otso ang kaarawan ni Antonia 8. Para matuto ng liksiyon ang mamang ...

1965, Philippine Center for Language Study, Jean Donald Bowen, Beginning Tagalog: A Course for Speakers of English, Univ of California Press, page 501:

Sasakay siya sa Pasay Bus Terminal. Bababa siya sa Crossing ng U.P. Los Baños. Halimbawa 2 Bibili ako ng tiket papuntang Bohol. Alas-dos ng hapon ang alis ng eroplano. Alas-tres ang dating sa Bohol. Dalawang libong piso ang tiket.

2014, Joi Barrios, Tagalog for Beginners: An Introduction to Filipino, the National Language of the Philippines (Downloadable MP3 Audio Included), Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:

YOU : Bakit po mahal ang tiket? TICKET AGENT : . Situation 2 You are buying five bus tickets for a trip with your friends to go north to Banuae. You want to take the very last bus. The bus leaves at 11:45 in the evening. The fare is usually two ...

2015, Joi Barrios, Julia Camagong, Easy Tagalog: Learn to Speak Tagalog Quickly (Downloadable CD-ROM), Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN, page 222:

ticket (pass entitling the holder to admission or boarding)

ticket (list of candidates for an election)

ticket (citation for a violation, especially in traffic)


polot

obsolete spelling of pulot (“act of picking up something from the floor”)


onor

onór (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
honor (alternative)


babat

daring man (man that does not back down)


submarino

Borrowed from Spanish submarino (“submarine”).

bor+

Ang submarino ay isang sasakyang ginagamit sa ilalim ng dagat.

2007, Kasiya-siyang Pagbasa N' 2007 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 117:

A submarine is a vehicle that is used underwater.


abot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qábut. Compare Aklanon abot, Bikol Central abot, Casiguran Dumagat Agta abut, Ilocano ma-abut, Mansaka abot, and Kapampangan abut.

Abot ito ni Lola para sa amin.

This is a hand-me-down from Grandmother for us.


bingot

notch or dent, as on the rim of earthenware and glassware


karisma

Borrowed from Spanish carisma, from Late Latin charisma, from Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma).


saba

From Proto-Philippine *sabʔa (“banana”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabəqa (“cooking banana”). Compare Ilocano saba, Pangasinan seba, Kapampangan saba, Hanunoo sab-a, Bikol Central sa-ba, and Cebuano sab-a.

inh

May binebentang saba si Aling Conching.

saba banana (a Philippine cultivar of banana)


serenata

[sɛ.ɾɛˈn̪aː.t̪ɐ]


basurero

tl-noun

basurero (feminine basurera, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜐᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

[bɐ.sʊˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish basurero. By surface analysis, basura + -ero.


kaalit

[kɐˈʔaː.lɪt̪̚]


alitan

[ʔɐˈliː.t̪ɐn̪]


ahon

From Proto-Central Philippine *háʔun (“take from the fire”) with metathesis. Compare Ilocano aon, Bikol Central haon, Cebuano haon, and Tausug hawn. See also hain.

getting out from the water (after a bath, swim, etc.)

disembarkation; landing (as from a ship)

travel to the town or city (from a smaller village)

removal of food after cooking (from a stove, fire, etc.)

return trip from a water source (after fishing, washing clothes, etc.)

(figurative) relief; redemption (from hardship, misery, sin, etc.)


tino

sensibleness; intelligence; reasonableness; moral integrity; good sense of judgement


lola

lola (masculine lolo, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜎ)

Possibly a colloquial clipping of Spanish abuela (“grandmother”), or the female equivalent of lolo (“grandfather”) influenced by Spanish grammatical gender logic. See also lelang, lelong, ninang, ninong, manang, manong, etc. Compare Aragonese lola.

femeq

Masaya ang lola kahapon dahil dumating ang lolo.

Grandmother was happy yesterday because Grandfather came.

(colloquial) term of address for an old woman


lola

obsolete spelling of lula (“diziness; seasickness; acrophobia”)


pugo

pugò (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
pogo (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *puʀuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puʀuq, from Proto-Austronesian *puʀuq. Compare Malay puyuh.


karakter

tl-noun

karakter or káraktér or karaktér (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

karakter (canonical)
káraktér (canonical)
karaktér (canonical)
ᜃᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌkaː.ɾɐkˈt̪ɛɾ]

[kɐ.ɾɐkˈt̪ɛɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish carácter, from Latin character. Sense 4, semantic loan from English character.

character (traits marking a person or group)


dede

dede (canonical)
dedè (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
dodo (alternative)

[ˈd̪ɛː.d̪ɛʔ]

feeding of milk from the breast or a baby bottle (of a baby)


helikoptero

helikópteró (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

helikópteró (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
elikoptero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish helicóptero, perhaps with influence from English helicopter.


tamo

Borrowed from Malay temu, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”).

der

act of acquiring (of a prize, honor, etc.)


tamo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Kapampangan tamu and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

inh

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria, a type of plant with yellow root used for shaving)


putsa

tl-noun

putsà or putsa (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ)

putsà (canonical)
putsa (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
pucha (alternative)

[ˈpuː.t͡ʃɐʔ]


resina

[ɾɛˈsiː.n̪ɐ]


kanser

Borrowed from Spanish cáncer, from Latin cancer (“crab”).


prosti

Clipping of English prostitute, from Latin prōstitutus.


matematiko

matemátikó (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜒᜋᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


panadero

panadero (feminine panadera, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

[pɐ.n̪ɐˈd̪ɛː.ɾo]


gasa

Borrowed from Spanish gasa, from Arabic قَزّ (qazz).


harana

[hɐˈɾaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish jarana (“merry-making”).

bor+

harana; serenade (especially in which young men may formally meet single lady visitors)


raanan

[ɾɐˈʔaː.n̪ɐn̪]


mamaw

Borrowed from Cebuano mamaw (“monster; devil; demon”). Compare Hiligaynon mamaw (“Elf, goblin, sprite, fairy, ghost, etc.”).

cog

Mamaw si Bryan, dahil marunong siya ng hindi kumulang sa limang wika.

Bryan is a monster/brilliant, since he knows no less than five languages.

(colloquial) very talented or intelligent person


lipat

transfer; moving (from one place to another)


korte

court (collective body of persons forming the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority)


dimiti

[ˌd̪iː.mɪˈt̪ɪ]

Borrowed from English dimity, from earlier dimite, from Middle English demit, demyt, from Medieval Latin dimitum, from Byzantine Greek δίμιτον (dímiton), from Ancient Greek δίμιτος (dímitos).

dimity (light strong fabric with woven stripes or squares)


esperma

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜋ (Baybayin)
espelma (alternative obsolete)

[ʔɛsˈpɛɾ.mɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish esperma de ballena (“spermaceti”).


asado

Borrowed from Spanish asado. Semantically equivalent to inasal.

Philippine asado (meat braised in soy sauce, bay leaves, peppercorns, calamansi, onions, and vegetables)

char siu (especially the Philippine variety)


asada

[ʔɐˈsaː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish azada (“hoe”), from Old Spanish açada, from Vulgar Latin *asciāta, from Latin ascia.


malas

From a clipping of Spanish mala suerte (“bad luck”). Compare Ilocano malas, Kapampangan dimalas, Bikol Central demalas, Cebuano demalas, and Hiligaynon dimalas.


guwapo

ᜄᜓᜏᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
gwapo (alternative)
guapo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish guapo (“handsome”), ultimately from Latin vappa.


isda

isdâ (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
ista (alternative)
isra (alternative)
ysda (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sidáq, *sədaq. Compare Ilocano sida, Asi isra, Bikol Central sira, Cebuano isda, Hiligaynon isda, Waray-Waray isda, Maranao seda', Higaonon suda, and Tausug ista'.


sayang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”). Compare Bikol Central sayang, Kapampangan sayang, and Malay sayang.

inh

waste; wasting (of a resource, talent, etc.)

waste of an opportunity; failure to take advantage

gradual loss, decrease, or destruction by decay, etc.


sipi

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /ˈsipiʔ/ [ˈsiː.pɪʔ]
* Rhymes: -ipiʔ
* Syllabification: si‧pi

tl-pr

act of copying or reproducing (from an original)

Hindi na inililimbag ang unang sipi ng magasin.

The first issue of the magazine is already out-of-print.

(obsolete) small bunch of various types of flowers

(obsolete) act of treating a person as a family member (despite not being one)


sipi

sipî (canonical)
sipì (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Austronesian *səpiq (“break off fruit or branches”). Compare Kapampangan aspi, Bikol Central sapi, Maranao sepi', and Western Bukidnon Manobo sepi'.

inh

act of tearing or breaking with one's fingernails, fingers, or hand (of twigs, small branches, sprouts, shoots, etc.)


hangos

Ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋos (cf. Cebuano hangos).


belo

Borrowed from Spanish velo, from Old Spanish velo, from Latin vēlum.


admirador

tl-noun

admiradór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

admiradór (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish admirador, from Latin admīrātor.


iba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibah (“companion, close relative, other one”), from Proto-Austronesian *ibaS (“companion, close relative, other one”).


iba

Otaheite gooseberry; Phyllanthus acidus (tree and fruit)


iba

From Proto-Southern Philippine *íbaʔ (“tree with sour fruit”). Compare Bikol Central iba and Cebuano iba.


labas

coming out; appearance (from being inside or in hiding)

coming out; leaving (of one's school or work)

showing (of a play, film, or television program)


papeles

Borrowed from Spanish papeles (“papers”).


sungka

tl-noun

sungkâ or sungka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜃ)

sungkâ (canonical)
sungka (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)

Possibly borrowed from Malay congkak (“mancala game”), from congak (“mental calculation”). Compare Bikol Central sungka, Cebuano sungka, and Tausug sungka'.

(board games) sungka; congkak (especially the Philippine variety)


miligramo

Borrowed from Spanish miligramo, from French milligramme.


gramo

Borrowed from Spanish gramo, from French gramme.


espiritu

espíritú (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
espirito (alternative)
ispiritu (alternative)
ispirito (alternative)

[ʔɛsˌpiː.ɾɪˈt̪u]

Borrowed from Spanish espíritu, from Latin spiritus.


taos

condition of penetrating to the bottom or from one side to another


bintang

accusation; imputation (usually a false accusation)


dugo

dugô (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
rugo (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *Duʀuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zuʀuq (“juice; sap”). Compare Camarines Norte Agta digî, Cebuano dugo, Mansaka dogo, Maranao rogo', and Malay juruh.


meteoro

Borrowed from Spanish meteoro, from Medieval Latin meteōrum, from Ancient Greek μετέωρος (metéōros, “lofty”).


paralelogramo

tl-noun

paralelogramo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇᜎᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ)

ᜉᜇᜎᜒᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish paralelogramo, from Late Latin parallēlogrammum, from Ancient Greek παραλληλόγραμμον (parallēlógrammon, “bounded by parallel lines”).

der

παραλληλόγραμμον


lula

lulà (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
lola (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोल (lola, “unsteady, restless”).

bor+

... ng anim- anim na katulong? Pure disyerto at langis lang ang Saudi, lahat ng bagay iniimport, amoy kambing ang mga tao, pero kayayabang ng mga lintik. Nawala ang mga ulap, nangasul ang kalawakan. Bigla siyang nakaramdam ng lula.

4 Biglang sinapian ng lula ang mga uwak. Walang-hanggan silang nangalalaglag. Hindi masasaklaw ng kuwadro ang lawak ng taniman. Ngunit makukutuban ang panginginig ng mga uhay. Inaakalang anumang padapo, pasalakay.

2007, Latay sa isipan: mga bagong tulang Filipino, →ISBN:


sikat

From Proto-Philippine *sikat (“sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc.”).

inh

rise; rising (on the sky of the sun, moon, stars, etc.)

(figurative) rise to popularity; becoming popular


kambing

From Proto-Philippine *kambiŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kambiŋ, *kandiŋ. Compare Acehnese kamèng, Bikol Central kanding, Cebuano kanding, Karao kanching, Malay kambing, Tausug kambing, and Yami kagling.


tamales

Borrowed from Spanish tamales, plural of tamal (“tamale”), from Classical Nahuatl tamalli.


embalsamador

tl-noun

embalsamadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

embalsamadór (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


agudo

[ʔɐˈɣuː.d̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish agudo (“acute”), from Old Spanish, from Latin acūtus.


baling

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ (“bent, twisted”). Compare Malay baling.

inh

turning of one's attention to another thing


sapin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapin. Compare Cebuano hapin.


sapin

sapín (canonical)
ᜐᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tsapin (alternative rare)


amidina

[ʔɐ.mɪˈd̪iː.n̪ɐ]


bagnet

[bɐɡˈn̪ɛt̪̚]

bagnet (Filipino dish of pork belly boiled and deep fried until crispy)


taba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabəq. Compare Bikol Central taba.


siid

(fishing) small, low heart-shaped potlike non-return trap made of bamboo matting (used chiefly for catching catfish)


altimetria

tl-noun

altimetria (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐl.t̪ɪ.mɛˈt̪ɾiː.ɐ]


realista

ᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
reyalista (alternative)


aleluya

Borrowed from Spanish aleluya, from Latin aleluia, from Hebrew הַלְלוּיָהּ (hal'luyáh).


kudeta

Borrowed from English coup d'état, from French coup d'État.

ESTADOS UNlDOS, NABAHALA SA KUDETA Nabahala ang gobyernong Amerikano hinggil sa ulat na maglulunsad ang militar ng kudeta laban kay Pangulong Estrada sa gitna ng pagsisimula ng impeachment trial.

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta:

... kumander ng BHB na si Dante. Welgang bayan sa buong bansa tungkol sa pagtataas ng presyo ng langis; welga ng mga manggagawa sa buong bansa para sa minimum na umento sa sahod. Pinakamadugong tangka ng kudeta laban kay ...

1994, Jose Maria Sison, Rebolusyong Pilipino: tanaw mula sa loob, →ISBN:

Dagdag pa rito ang mga kudeta at oil crisis.

2017, Norbert Mercado, After The Summer Rain, Norbert Mercado Novels:


bahay

Elision of /l/ from *balay, from Proto-Central Philippine *balay, from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay. Cognate with Kapampangan bale, Asi bayay, Cebuano balay /bay, Hiligaynon balay, Mansaka baray, Tausug bāy, Malay balai, Maori whare, Hawaiian hale, Rukai balriw, Palauan bai, and Yami vahay.

Naghahanap sila ngayon ng mapagtatayuan ng magarang bahay.

They are now looking for a place on which to build an elegant house.

Bahay-pamahalaan ng Infanta, Quezon.

Infanta, Quezon administrative building.

(card games, mahjong) set; meld (in card games and mahjong)

(board games) smaller holes of a congkak board


ilong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ijuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ujuŋ. See also reconstructed doublets Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə(ŋ)juŋ and *ujuŋ. Compare Ilocano agong, Isnag ixong, Ibanag igung, Yogad igung, Sambali a-long, Kapampangan arung, Remontado Agta a-dung, Alangan urong, Cuyunon irong, West Albay Bikol urong, Bikol Central dungo, Cebuano ilong, Waray-Waray irong, Maranao ngirong, Western Bukidnon Manobo izung, Maguindanao ngirung, West Coast Bajau urung, Acehnese idông, Malay hidung, Malagasy orona, Maori ihu, and Hawaiian ihu.


komunista

ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
kumunista (alternative)
kumonista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish comunista (“communist”).


anemometro

tl-noun

anemometro (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


halak

raspy, gargling, or raucous sound of the voice due to catarrh or a cold


buro

Borrowed from Malay budu. Compare Cebuano buro, Hiligaynon buro, Ilocano buro, Kapampangan buru, and Indonesian budu.

pickling (with salt or brine, usually done with fish, meat, or shrimp with rice)

anything that lingers in one place or state


buro

a type of white worm that feeds on wounds, or lives in the intestines of humans or fish


buro

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English as a semantic loan from English bureau, influenced in spelling by Spanish buró. Compare Cebuano buro.


kabayo

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish caballo (then spelled as cavallo), from Late Latin caballus. Doublet of kabalyo. During time of borrowing, Spanish ⟨ll⟩ (/ʝ/) still corresponds to Tagalog /j/, as per yeísmo. Compare Cebuano kabayo and Ilocano kabalio.


estandarte

tl-noun

estandarte (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛs.t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aɾ.t̪ɛ]


angis

repulsive odor of excreta or putrified food


tiis

endurance; bearing; toleration (of pain, hardship, etc.)


pulpito

púlpitó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
polpito (alternative)
polopito (alternative)
pulupito (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish púlpito, from Latin pulpitum.


akordeon

akordeón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akordeón (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
akordiyon (alternative)
akurdiyon (alternative)
akordyon (alternative)
akurdyon (alternative)
kordiyon (alternative clipping colloquial)
kurdiyon (alternative clipping colloquial)
kurdyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish acordeón, from German Akkordeon.


GRO

⇒? English: girl rented overnight

[d͡ʒɪ ʔɐɾ ʔo]

[d̪jɪ ʔɐɾ ʔo]

From English GRO, an initialism of guest relation officer.

Sa ikatlong pagkikita'y ikwinento mo ang yong girlfriend, isang GRO sa club na nagmamay-ari rin nitong pinapasukan mo, isang sugapa't suicidal na naghahandang tumungo sa Japan. Kaya isinangla mo ang lahat ng iyong alahas na ginto, ...

1999, Roland B. Tolentino, Fastfood, Megamall at Iba Pang Kwento Sa Pagsasara Ng Ikalawang Milenyum, →ISBN:

... malusog ngunit tila pinagtampuhan ng kariktan TEX, 55, laos na artista ngunit nag-iilusyong lover boy ng madlang kababaihan BRANDY, GINGER, 23-26, mga GRO rin MGA WEYTER MGA KUSTOMER (kung kinakailangan) Ang Tagpo: Sa ...

1997, Jose Y. Dalisay, Butihing babae ng Timog ; Mac Malicsi, TNT, →ISBN:

... ang identifikasyon sa uring ito) ang may angas pa sa pagbebenta ng katawan sa mababang halaga o inaakalang mababang antas ng kondisyon ng paggawa ( parlor sa mga bakla, beer house sa mga GRO, mall bikini contest sa mga expat, ...

2006, Roland B. Tolentino, Sarah S. Raymundo, Kontra-gahum: academics against political killings:

ang gaganda rin ng mga GRO, pamatay talaga, walang binatbat 'yang mga Pega -Pegasus na 'yan. Mestisa, ehinita, morena, mamili ka. Ipakikilala sana kita d'un sa naging bata ko, si Cherry, ka- mukha ni Aliee Dixson, pero matindi pala ang ...

1996, Jose Y. Dalisay, Pagsabog ng liwanag: Aninag, anino, →ISBN:

... gamit ang tingin ng isang babaeng naghahanap ng makakasama sa madaling - araw, hanggang sa abutan na ng taksi ang maliwanag na Timog, ang mga mag -syotang papasok pa lang kung saan-saang bar, ang mga GRO na makapal pa ...

2002, Victor Emmanuel Carmelo D. Nadera, Ang aklat likhaan ng tula at maikling kuwento, 1999, →ISBN:

... bakit sige pa rin sa pagbubuntis ang iskuwater para mabigyan si Mister ng anak na lalaki pagkatapos ng anim na anak na babae, kung bakit hindi naiiba ang mga GRO at kabit sa ilang mayamang Misis, kung bakit may rali, martsa, giyera.

2000, Marra PL. Lanot, Witch's dance: at iba pang tula sa Filipino at Español, →ISBN:


simbolismo

simbolismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


sinagoga

[sɪ.n̪ɐˈɣoː.ɣɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sinagoga, from Late Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly”).


maldita

tl-noun

maldita (masculine maldito, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.

"Say hello to them, anak, say hello," ani Yvonne nang lumapit ang anak. "Ay walang dila." Ang bata ang inspirasyon niya sa buhay. “Nang ipanganak ko 'to'y na-meet ko si Bernal. Kaya ayan, spoiled. Maldita!"

1988, Ricardo Lee, Si tatang at mga himala ng ating panahon: koleksyon ng mga akda:

"Say hello to them", Yvonne said to her daughter. "Oh, you're shy." Her child is her inspiration. "When I gave birth to her, I met Bernal. So, she's spoiled. Spoiled brat!"

Kung hapon, habang nagluluto si Inay, mangangalumbaba ako sa aming bintana't matatanaw ko si Mayet, ang malditang si Mayet, sa pag-aabang sa kanyang ama.

2007, Fanny A. Garcia, Sandaang damit: 16 na maikling kuwento, UP Press, →ISBN:

If it's afternoon, while Mother cooks, I put my elbows on the window and I see Mayet, that spoiled brat, waiting for her father.


Pampango

Borrowed from Spanish pampango, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -o.

Kapampangan (a native or inhabitant of Pampanga)


komento

ᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kumento (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English comment, influenced by Spanish -o, from Late Latin commentum (“comment, interpretation”), from Latin commentum (“invention, fabrication”).


kait

act of denying someone something; act of not giving something to someone


kristal

kristál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cristal, from Old Spanish cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”).


baritono

tl-noun

baritono or barítonó (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ)

baritono (canonical)
barítonó (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish barítono, with an occasional stress shift to the penultimate.


abaya

abaya; aba (loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, specially worn by women)


tate

alternative letter-case form of Tate (“slang: United States”)


bumerang

Borrowed from English boomerang, from Dharug bumariny.


tabak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tabak. Compare Bikol Central tabak.

cutlass; bolo (a Philippine style of machete)


tosino

ᜆᜓᜐᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
tocino (alternative)
tusino (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish tocino (“bacon”), from Medieval Latin tuccinum (lardum) (“bacon lard”), from Latin tuccētum (“pork conserved in brine”), from tucca (“liquid lard”).


senadora

[sɛ.n̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of senador: female senator


surpresa

[sʊɾˈpɾɛː.sɐ]


kutsara

tl-noun

kutsara or kutsarà (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ)

kutsara (canonical)
kutsarà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ (Baybayin)
cotsada (alternative)
cutsara (alternative)
kutsada (alternative obsolete)
kutyara (alternative)

[kʊtˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

[kʊtˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐʔ]

[kʊt̪ˈsaː.ɾɐʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”), from cuchar, from Latin cochleārium.


utak

[ˈʔuː.t̪ɐk̚]

Most likely borrowed from Kapampangan utak (due to Proto-Philippine *ə becoming Tagalog *i, which would be *utik if inherited directly from Proto-Philippine), from Proto-Philippine *hutək (cf. Ibatan hotek, Ilocano utek, Pangasinan otek, Kapampangan utak, Bikol Central hutok, Cebuano utok, Tausug utuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək (cf. Malay otak).

(figuratively) intellect; mental ability; intelligence; brains


tarakan

a species of dwarf coconut tree (as tall as a man)


lapok

lapók or lapok (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

lapók (canonical)
lapok (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapuk. Cognate with Malay lapuk.

inh+

weakness due to decay (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


Armenya

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
Armenia (alternative)

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈmɛn̪.jɐ]


amida

[ʔɐˈmiː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish amida, from French amide.


pampers

Genericized trademark from English Pampers, by Procter & Gamble (P&G), from English pamper.


diplomata

diplómatá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜆ (Baybayin)


sara

Borrowed from Spanish cerrar, from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“fasten, bolt”). Compare Cebuano sira.

closing; closure (of a door, window, etc.)

adjournment; closing (of a meeting, etc.)

object used to block entry into a place or to close a passage


sauli

saulì (canonical)
ᜐᜂᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
soli (alternative colloquial)

[sɐˈʔuː.lɪʔ]

act of returning (of something borrowed or taken)

act of placing back (of something to its former state or position)


bandido

tl-noun

bandido (feminine bandida, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish bandido, from Italian bandito.


agata

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish ágata (“agate”), from Latin achātēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs), from a river in Sicily where it was found.


amol

dirt; filth (on face, hand, skin, or surfaces)


handa

handâ (canonical)
ᜑᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
hanra (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *haNdaʔ (“ready; to prepare for”).

things to be prepared (for a trip, etc.)

food served during a party, feast, banquet, etc.


talaan

táláan or talaán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

táláan (canonical)
talaán (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪aːˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


tange

tangê (canonical)
ᜆᜅᜒ (Baybayin)
tangek (alternative)


halas

light, itchy scratch (caused by sharp blades of grass)

hairy, powdery coverings on some grass that cause itchiness


panata

[pɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]

Possibly from Sanskrit पणता (paṇatā, “state or condition of a pledge or stake”), itself from the root पण् (paṇ, “to wager, negotiate”).


katalog

Borrowed from English catalog, variant of catalogue, from Middle English cathaloge, from Old French catalogue, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalogo.


solista

ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
soloista (alternative)
solowista (alternative)


ingreso

ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
inggreso (alternative)

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾɛː.so]

Borrowed from Spanish ingreso, from Latin ingressus.

(colloquial) part or whole of the husband's salary given to the wife every payday


gunting

Igorot
Min Chinese
Otto Dempwolff
Tang dynasty

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese, according to Blust (2010–). Compare Bikol Central gunting, Cebuano gunting, Hiligaynon gunting, Laboya gutti, and Mansaka gonting, Tausug gunting, and Javanese ꦒꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦶꦁ (gunting).
Manuel (1948) also wondered about gunting if it is from Chinese or originally traces back to Proto-Austronesian, which Dr. Cecilio Lopez stoutly affirmed from Dempwolff's findings, although problems arose as the word is not found in the languages of the Igorot groups, which the only tenable conclusion was that gunting is not originally from Proto-Austronesian but instead from “Southeastern Chinese” (see Min Chinese languages, including Hokkien) which had a term for scissors from which most probably the original term was derived from.

ncog

Hokkien 銀剪 /银剪 (gûn-chián, “strong shears for cutting silver”)


aktris

aktrís (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
aktres (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish actriz, from Latin āctrīcem.


litis

Borrowed from Spanish litis (“lawsuit”), from Latin lītis.


kasaba

Borrowed from English cassava, from Portuguese cassave, from Taíno *kasabi (“cassava flour”).


tirador

tiradór (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tilador (alternative)

[t̪ɪ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirador, or analytically tira + -dor.


almendra

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐlˈmɛn̪.d̪ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish almendra. See more at almendras.


konyo

tl-noun

konyo (feminine konya, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ)

konya (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
conyo (alternative)
coño (alternative)

Possibly from Spanish coño (“cunt; pussy; damn!”) or Spanish de nuevo cuño (“(of a person) who has recently entered a profession, union or social class.”). The sense referring to “coming from a wealthy family” is said to have come from high-class people who curse “Coño!” during the 1950s. Compare English conyo. See also English valley girl, Spanish fresa.

noncog

a person who belongs to a wealthy or well off predominantly English-speaking family

a wealthy predominantly Anglophone person, often raised or living in a subdivision village (gated community)

(archaic) a person who belongs to a wealthy predominantly Spanish-speaking family

(slightly offensive) a person who speaks in a pretentious manner such as code-mixing Tagalog and English in an unnatural manner or speaking with vocabulary more associated with the wealthy or privileged social class


onomatopeya

tl-noun

onomatopeya (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜆᜓᜉᜒᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish onomatopeya, from Late Latin onomatopoeïa, from Ancient Greek ὀνοματοποιία (onomatopoiía).

der

ὀνοματοποιία


inmortalidad

tl-noun

inmortalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

inmortalidád (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
imortalidad (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish inmortalidad, from Latin immortālitātem.


abono

Borrowed from Spanish abono (“fertilizer; payment”).

bor+

disbursement; payment for another in advance


abortista

tl-noun

abortista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abortista. By surface analysis, aborto + -ista.


abrasador

abrasadór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐ.sɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrazador (“embracing”).


abridor

abridór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abridor. By surface analysis, abre + -dor.


lawa

lawà (canonical)
ᜎᜏ (Baybayin)
laua (alternative)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rawaq (“swamp; morass”). Cognate with Javanese ꦫꦮ (rawa), Indonesian, Malay rawa /rawah (“marsh”), and Sundanese ranca (“swamp”).


lawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq. Doublet of alalawa. Compare Bikol Central lawa, Butuanon lawa, Tausug lawa' and Waray-Waray lawa.


kalap

gathering; collecting (of objects for a purpose)


altitud

altitúd (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐl.t̪ɪˈt̪ud̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish altitud, from Latin altitūdō.


titis

(figurative) main or immediate cause of something devastating


titis

condition of dripping continuously (of sweat, candlewax, etc.)


alap

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *alap, from Proto-Austronesian *alap (“fetch, get, take”).

inh

selective cutting or harvesting (of grass, rice, corn, fruits, etc.)

act of scooping out the scum (on the liquid surface)


mililitro

tl-noun

mililitro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


baya

Borrowed from Spanish baya, from French baie, from Latin baca.


baya

Possibly from the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *bayáq (“to leave things or people alone; to abandon”). Compare Ilocano bay-a, Hanunoo bay-a, Bikol Central baya, Cebuano baya, and Aklanon baya.
* Related to ubaya. Compare Malay bahaya, and Sanskrit भय (bhaya). See also ubaya.


apan

eager inclination for an activity, as a hobby


hangin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin. Compare Cebuano hangin, Fijian cagi, Hiligaynon hangin, Malay angin, Maranao hangin, Nias angi, Kapampangan angin, Urak Lawoi' อาแงน (angän), and Yami angin.

(figurative) bragging; pomposity; conceit


hapin

twine used in stringig beads or flowers (as for a necklace)

fine string (used in toys like kites, tops, yoyos, etc.)


digas

digás (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dig-as (alternative)

polishing of rice grains by pounding (for the third and last time to remove the kernel and make milled white rice grain)


pait

paít (canonical)
ᜉᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
paet (alternative colloquial)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC. Cognate with Malay pahit (“bitter”), Tboli héét (“bitter”), Eastern Cham ꨜꨪꩀ (phik, “bitter”), Malagasy faitra (“bitterness”), Chamorro fa'et (“salty”).


dekada

Borrowed from Spanish década, from Latin decās, from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás).

tatlong dekada

dekada(ng) otsenta

Sa kasamaang-palad, ipinagiba ito upang may mapagtayuan ng isang fast food outlet noong dekada nobenta.

2006, Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining, Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, page 72:

Unfortunately, it was demolished to build in its stead a fast food outlet during the Nineties.

Ilang dekada na itong binubungkal ng mga magsasaka, at ipinaglalabang mapasakanila.

2015, Joi Barrios, Intermediate Tagalog: Learn to Speak Fluent Tagalog (Filipino), the National Language of the Philippines, →ISBN, page 185:

Farmers have been tilling its soil for decades, and are fighting for its ownership.


awtor

awtór (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
otor (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish autor, from Latin auctor.


udon

Borrowed from Japanese うどん. Doublet of udong.


taan

taan (canonical)
taán (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back; to keep in reserve”). Possible doublet of tahan.


taan

taán (canonical)
taan (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqən, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap; to set a snare”). Compare Cebuano taon and Malay tahan.

a type of fish trap made of a barricade of stones and split bamboo (for catching fish in coral reefs)


tantan

From Proto-Philippine *tantan (“slow down; immobilize; lose interest in doing something”). Compare Ilocano tantan (“unnecessary delay”), Pangasinan tantan (“slow down; calm down”), and Cebuano tantan (“pay debt partially”).

cog

cessation (as of someone's continuous chattering, etc.)


plais

tl-noun

plais (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ or ᜉ᜔ᜎᜁᜐ᜔)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜁᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
plays (alternative uncommon)

Borrowed from English pliers, but with an older spelling of diphthongs on loanwords. Compare Cebuano playis.


kopra

Borrowed from Spanish copra, from Portuguese copra, from Malayalam കൊപ്ര (kopra), from Sanskrit कपालः (kapālaḥ, “skull”).


landi

(dialectal, Southern Tagalog) toying with something; playing with things uselessly


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]


amapola

Borrowed from Spanish amapola, alteration of ababol, from Andalusian Arabic حَبَّبَوْر (ḥabbabawr), univerbation of Arabic حَبّ (ḥabb) and Latin papāver.

der

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual


sulake

Borrowed from Spanish zulaque (“lute; thick sticky clay or cement; packing stuff”), variant of azulaque, from Andalusian Arabic السُلَاقَة (as-sulāqa), from Ancient Greek συλλογή (sullogḗ, “collection”).


krema

Ang kremang Jean Valmy ay isang gamot para sa tagihawat.

1976, Sikolinggwistikang Pilipino: wika at lipunan, kaasalang pangwika, bilinggwalismo at suliranin sa pag-iisip at pagpapahayag, Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining, page 519:

The Jean Valmy cream is a medicine for acne.

(medicine) cream (as ointment or cosmetic)


solipsismo

tl-noun

solipsismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


tulis

sharp end or point (of something tapering)

(figurative) sharpness; severity (of one's words or language)


agrimensor

agrimensór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

agrimensór (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.mɛn̪ˈsoɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish agrimensor (“surveyor”), from Latin agrīmēnsor (“land surveyor”).


sungal

sungál (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜅᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sung-al (alternative)

light push of the tongue against the teeth

tap or chuck; upward push of the hand (on the chin, mouth, or nose)

position of the upper teeth or lip being more prominent than the lower

moving, raising or pushing of a bit (as with a screwdriver)

(figurative) act of contradicting someone (usually in a reproachful manner with no valid reason)


kurot

kurót (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
corot (alternative)
curot (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kəzut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəzut. Cognate with Bikol Central kudot, Cebuano kurot, and Maranao kedot.


lapot

From Proto-Philippine *lap(ə)qút (“thick, sticky, pasty”). Compare Aklanon eapot and Cebuano lap-ot.

inh

viscosity; viscidity; thickness of liquid


lipot

first or advanced distant sight of one's arrival


sulit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulit (“difficult, complicated”).

remittance of money (by a bill collector)

regain of capital (in business, gambling, etc.)

(colloquial) cost-effectiveness; bang for the buck


lapit

ᜎᜉᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
lapet (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapət (“to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapət (“to join together, attach tightly”). Compare Indonesian rapat (“close; tight”), Javanese ꦫꦥꦼꦠ꧀ (rapet, “tightly closed; close; next to”), Malagasy rafitra (“carpenter's work, masonry”).

cog

seeking of help (by approaching someone)


harot

(colloquial, by extension) flirtiness; coquettishness

abrupt changes in one's decisions or mind


kalit

creaking sound (made by old or defective furniture such as beds, tables, or chairs)


kapit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapit, from Proto-Austronesian *kapit.
Compare Bikol Central kapot and Malay kepit.

inh+

ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit


sakuna

tl-noun

sakunâ or sakuná (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃᜓᜈ)

sakunâ (canonical)
sakuná (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜓᜈ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शकुन (śakuna, “bird of omen”); cf. Hindi शगुन (śagun, “omen”).


salamat

Borrowed from Malay selamat (“safety”), or from Classical Persian سَلَامَت (salāmat, “good health”), from Arabic سَلَامَة (salāma). Compare Aklanon saeamat.


asignatura

tl-noun

asignatura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜆᜓᜇ)

[ʔɐ.sɪɡ.n̪ɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


mook

moók (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜂᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
muok (alternative)


aboli

abolí (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
abuli (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish abolir, from Latin abolēre.


orkestra

orkestra or órkestrá (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ)

orkestra (canonical)
órkestrá (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔoɾˈkɛs.t̪ɾɐ]

Borrowed from English orchestra, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρᾱ (orkhḗstrā). Doublet of orkesta.


paradoks

páradóks (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English paradox, from Middle French paradoxe, from Latin paradoxum, from Ancient Greek παράδοξος (parádoxos). Doublet of paradoha.


kanal

Borrowed from Spanish canal (“canal”), from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”).


determinismo

determinismo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


reptil

reptíl (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
reptilya (alternative)


kaba

kabá (canonical)
ᜃᜊ (Baybayin)
kiba (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kəbá (“for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound”). Compare Ilocano kebba, Kankanaey keba, Bikol Central kaba, Cebuano kuba, and Hiligaynon kuba.

inh

palpitation due to excitement or fear; nervousness


santan

Borrowed from Malay santan, from Old Javanese santĕn (“coconut milk”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “essence”).

thick coconut syrup; cooked mixture of coconut milk and molasses or sugar


tirada

[t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirada. Compare Cebuano tirada.

act or manner of hitting a ball with the cue

(colloquial) uncalled-for statement or utterance; insult; slander; tirade


empleada

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇ (Baybayin)
empleyada (alternative common)

female equivalent of empleado (“employee”)


bitin

a kind of game where participants grab hung prizes from a square trellis

(figurative, colloquial) inadequacy of something leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


bitin

bitín (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
biting (alternative)


pluralismo

tl-noun

pluralismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


abaka

→? Malay: abaka

desctree

→ Spanish: abacá
→ Aragonese: abacá
→ Catalan: abacà
→ Chamorro: åbaka
→ English: abaca
→ Norwegian Bokmål: abaca
→ French: abaca
→ Galician: abacá
→ Italian: abacà
→? Malay: abaka
→ Portuguese: abacá

Possibly from the following:
* According to Potet (2013), borrowed from Arabic الْأَبَقَ (al-ʔabaqa, “the abaca”), the accusative definite inflection of Arabic أَبَق (ʔabaq, “abaca”), from Classical Syriac ܐܳܦܰܩܬܳܐ (ʾāpaqtā), ܐܰܦܩܰܥܬܳܐ (ʾap̄qaʿtā, “de-seeded cotton”). He added Muslim marine merchants imposed their term on their suppliers so that native terms died out in the Philippines.
* According to Blust, Robert & Trussel (2023), inherited from Proto-Philippine *abaká (“Manila hemp: Musa textilis”).

inh+

Si Pedro ay gumamit ng abaka sa pagtali ng kahoy.

Pedro used abaca to tie the wood together.


ateneo

[ʔɐ.t̪ɛˈn̪ɛː.o]

Borrowed from Spanish ateneo, from Latin Athēnaeum, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓θήναιον (Ăthḗnaion).


alpinismo

tl-noun

alpinismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alpinismo. By surface analysis, alpino + -ismo.

alpinism; mountaineering; mountain climbing


alpinista

alpinista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alpinista. By surface analysis, alpino + -ista.


awto

Borrowed from Spanish auto, short for automóvil.


arnis

arnís (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
arnes (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish arnés (“harness”), from French harnais.


tangos

sharpness of the nose; prominence of the nose


wani

wani (canonical)
waní (canonical)
ᜏᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
uani (alternative)


wani

wanî (canonical)
ᜏᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
uani (alternative)


kababayan

From ka- + bayan, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

fellow resident of the same town or province; fellow citizen

mga kababayan

muffin-like bread in the shape of a salakot


sastre

sastré or sastre (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ)

sastré (canonical)
sastre (canonical)
ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
sasti (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish sastre, from Catalan sastre, from Latin sartor.


tarpo

Clipping from earlier tarpolitiko, blend of tarpolin + politiko.

an attention-seeking politician that keeps on advertising oneself to garner votes in the elections


musim

Borrowed from Malay musim, from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim).


lambat

Borrowed from Brunei Malay rambat (“cast net”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀambat. Compare Bikol Central lambat (“net”), Masbatenyo lambat (“net”), Aklanon eambat (“net”), and Cebuano gambat (“latticework”).

bor+

catching with a net (of fish, birds, etc.)


kompanya

kompanyá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
kompania (alternative dated)
kompaniya (alternative)
kumpaniya (alternative)
kumpanya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish compañía, from Old Spanish compaña, from Late Latin *compānia, from Late Latin compāniō.


sibi

temporary shed attached to the roof or side of a house

small addition to a house by extending the roof and providing it with light walling


sibi

act of pouting or pursing the lips (as of a baby about to cry)


asbesto

Borrowed from Spanish asbesto (“asbestos”), from Latin asbestos, from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “incombustible”).


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦶꦭ꧀ (bedhil, “Java arquebus”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “explosion”). Compare Bikol Central badil, Masbatenyo badil, Northern Catanduanes Bicolano badil.


minero

[mɪˈn̪ɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish minero. Analyzed as mina + -ero.


rayos

Borrowed from Spanish rayos, plural of rayo, from Old Spanish, from Latin radius. Doublet of radyo.


apostol

tl-noun

apostól or apostol (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔)

apostól (canonical)
apostol (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
apostoles (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish apóstol, from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”).


apostata

Borrowed from Spanish apóstata, from Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs).


romero

Borrowed from Spanish romero (“rosemary”).


saad

saád (canonical)
ᜐᜀᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
saar (alternative)

[ˈsaː.ʔɐd̪̚]


astrologo

tl-noun

astrólogó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ)

astrólogó (canonical)
ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


kakto

Borrowed from Spanish cacto (“cactus”), Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”). Doublet of kaktus.


basalto

Borrowed from Spanish basalto, from Latin basaltes, a misspelling of basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”) b-x:n-O39.


tuga

confession; admission (of one's guilt or crime)

revelation of the truth; telling the truth

condition of being right, proper, or true


matrikula

matríkulá (canonical)
ᜋᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish matrícula, from Late Latin mātrīcula, from Latin mātrīx.


bistek

bisték (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bistik (alternative)

→ English: bistek

Borrowed from Spanish bistec, from English beefsteak. Compare Indonesian bistik.


yari

Borrowed from Malay jadi (“to become”), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Doublet of ari, dati, hati, and Henesis.

root of words meaning “event” or “occurrence”, such as mangyari or pangyayari

root of words meaning “power”, such as kapangyarihan


yari

act or manner of making or manufacturing something

Mayroon siyang ngipin na yari sa ginto.

He has a golden tooth. (lit. He has a tooth made of gold.)

completion or finishing of something being done, made, or manufactured

(colloquial) meeting one's downfall or getting what one deserves


pondo

Borrowed from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Compare Cebuano pundo. Doublet of pundo.


paraan

[pɐ.ɾɐˈʔan̪]

Humanap ka ng paraan para maayos ito.


bibe

Borrowed from Malay bebek. Compare Rukai bibi and Saisiyat bibi꞉.


lawlaw

lawláw (canonical)
ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
laolao (alternative)
laulau (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 落落 (làu-làu, “loose”), according to Manuel (1948), or possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 老 (lāu, “old”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). However, Zorc (1985) disagrees and offers a more native etymon. Compare Cebuano lawlaw and Kapampangan lolo.

bor+

condition of dangling, hanging down, or being too long

portion dangling, hanging down, or being too long


lawlaw

act of stirring playfully with one's hands or feet (of water or another liquid)


lawlaw

ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
laolao (alternative)
laulau (alternative)

Compare Ilocano lawlaw, Cebuano lawlaw, Waray-Waray lawlaw.

a species of sardine or herring (of family Clupeidae)


lanta

From Southern Luzon axis *lanta (“wilted”). Compare Kapampangan lanta and Bikol Central lanta. See also Batad Ifugao langta (“greenness”).

condition of being withered (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


alkimista

tl-noun

alkimista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


onomastika

onomástiká (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

onomástiká (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


akta

Borrowed from Spanish acta, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum. Doublet of akto.

Pinagtibay ang akta ng nakaraang pulong.

The minutes of the past meeting were approved.

record; minutes (the official notes kept during a meeting)


pingpong

ᜉᜒᜅ᜔ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
pimpong (alternative)
ping pong (alternative)

Borrowed from English ping pong, a genericized trademark of onomatopoeic origin. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng).


kontrast

kontrast (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
kontras (alternative)

Borrowed from English contrast, from French contraster, from Italian contrastare, from Vulgar Latin *contrāstāre.

contrast (difference between two objects, people or concepts)

contrast (difference that makes colours more or less distinguishable)


astigmatismo

astigmatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

(optics) astigmatism (defect of a lens such that it doesn’t have a focal point)

(ophthalmology, pathology) astigmatism (inability of the eye to focus)


kanyon

Lillium philippinense
Wikispecies:Lillium philippinense

Benguet lily, an endangered species of lily, found in the mountains of Benguet (Lillium philippinense)


talanga

[t̪ɐˈlaː.ŋɐʔ]


golondrina

golondrina (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


adulterante

adulterante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ʊl.t̪ɛˈɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


kupal

ᜃᜓᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
copal (alternative)
dupal (alternative)

The word has been existing and even used as an insult since the 17th century. The etymology of the colloquial sense which derived from backslang of pa-cool, from pa- + English cool, literally “trying to be cool” may be false.

af

Kupal ka; ang sama ng ginagawa mong paninira sa kapatid mo.

You ass; that's cruel of you to slander your brother.

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole (mean or rude person)


amin

ᜀᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
amen (alternative colloquial)

admittance or confession of something secret (such as one's mistakes or faults)


amin

hearing or paying attention to what was said, and believing it


piyano

Borrowed from Spanish piano (“piano”), from Italian piano, from Latin plānus.


samuray

[sɐ.mʊˈɾaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Japanese 侍(さむらい) (samurai).


echos

ᜁᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
chos (alternative)
choz (alternative)
chause (alternative)
chs (alternative Internet)
chz (alternative Internet)
etsos (alternative)

[ˈʔɛː.t͡ʃos]

Borrowed from Spanish hechos, plural of hecho (“making; action; work”), from Latin factum. Doublet of petsa.


alboroto

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
alburoto (alternative)
alburuto (alternative)

tantrum; restless agitation; restless fuss (especially of babies)

baby or child given to such tantrums or restless fuss


tapsi

From tapsilog with the last syllable elided, since it is a
blend of tapa + sinangag + itlog, or a blend of tapa + silog.


lapat

tightness or properness of closing (of a door, window, etc.)

condition of being well-fitted (as of a joint in carpentry)

condition of being close enough to be touching each other


lapat

thin, fine strips of bamboo, rattan, or wood (used to tie down fencing, arbors, etc. or to make fish corrals or sawali)

stripping of bamboo, rattan, or wood into thin pieces


kandi

kandí (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
candi (alternative)
canri (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay kendi, from Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī). Compare Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (kendhi).


kandi

kandí (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
ngandi (alternative)
candi (alternative)
canri (alternative)

state of being in heat or feeling of mating call


asete

[ʔɐˈsɛː.t̪ɛ]


lako

Borrowed from Malay laku (“marketable”).

peddling; selling of merchandise from place to place


lako

(anatomy) part of the arm opposite the elbow


trapo

Contraction of English traditional politician.


sensibilidad

tl-noun

sensibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

sensibilidád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


optimista

optimista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


himno

Borrowed from Spanish himno, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon) or by pronouncing the Spanish unadapted borrowing with Tagalog orthography rules. Attested since the 1980's.

(common) alternative form of imno: hymn; anthem


hilata

lying down on one's back (lazily or in abandon)


mentalidad

mentalidád (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

mentalidád (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


kontra

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
kuntra (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish contra, from Latin contrā.


kalayaan

ᜃᜎᜌᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
calayaan (alternative)
kalayahan (alternative obsolete)

Friedrich Schiller
José Rizal
Marcelo H. del Pilar
William Tell (play)

From laya + ka- -an. Used by Marcelo H. del Pilar in 1882 (originally as kalayahan) as an equivalent for Spanish libertad (“liberty”) in his Tagalog translation of José Rizal's El Amor Patrio. The word was then used in 1886 by Rizal for his search for an equivalent for German Freiheit (“freedom; freehood”) while translating Friedrich Schiller's drama, William Tell. Later adopted by the Katipunan to articulate their separatist ideology against the Spanish Empire.

Ipinaglaban ng mga Katipunero ang ating kalayaan mula sa mga Kastilang sumakop sa bansa.

The Katipuneros fought for our freedom from the Spaniards who conquered (our) land.

Dumating ang bakasyong tag-init, at galak na galak ang bulilit na si Yan-Yan sa natamo nitong kalayaan mula sa paaralan.

Summer vacation came, and little Yan-Yan was overjoyed for finally earning freedom from school.


kalayaan

kalayaán (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜌᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
calayaan (alternative)
kalayahan (alternative obsolete)


amaranto

Borrowed from Spanish amaranto, from Latin amarantus, from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos).

amaranto:

(poetic) amaranth (imaginary flower that does not wither)


kaldera

[kɐlˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish caldera, from Late Latin caldāria (“cooking-pot”), caldārium. Doublet of kaldero.


maskara

Borrowed from Spanish máscara, from Italian maschera, from Late Latin mascara.

the cut of meat and skin from the face of a pig


konyak

konyák (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
kunyak (alternative)
kunyat (alternative)


aeronauta

[ʔɐ.ɛ.ɾoˈn̪aʊ̯.t̪ɐ]


internado

internado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɾˈn̪aː.d̪o]


kaskas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaskas (“scrape, scratch”). Compare Minangkabau kakas.

inh

act of rubbing or scraping a hard object (such as ice) onto a hard surface (such as a grinding stone)


hupa

hupà (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
hipa (alternative)

lessening; abating (as of a storm or typhoon)


organdi

[ʔoɾ.ɡɐn̪ˈd̪ɪ]

Borrowed from Spanish organdí (“organdy”).


asul

asúl (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
asol (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish azul, from Old Spanish azur, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Classical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward, “lapis lazuli”). Compare English azure.


dilaw

diláw (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
dilao (alternative)
dilau (alternative)

→ Ambala Ayta: dilaw

From Proto-Philippine *dilaw (“turmeric; yellow”). Compare Ilocano duyaw, Pangasinan duyaw, Kapampangan dilo, Aklanon dueaw, and Cebuano dulaw.
The political senses' origin can be traced from the song Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree, a song recorded by Tony Orlando and Dawn, which was chosen to be played by friends and supporters of Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr. to welcome him for his return to the Philippines on August 21, 1983 after three years from his self-imposed exile in the United States. The song told a story of a released prisoner of coincidentally, also three long years, and is uncertain whether his girlfriend will welcome him home so the prisoner wrote a letter to his girlfriend to tie a yellow ribbon around the “ole oak tree” to signify that he is welcome to go home. After Aquino's assassination on the same day of his return, the yellow ribbon and color became a symbol associated with Aquino and the opposition led by his widowed wife, Corazon Aquino, against the Marcos regime.
The term has been used by politicians to attack allies of PDP-LABAN, Ninoy Aquino's political party at the time, back in the 1980s. Its usage has been revived after Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Aquino III, son of Ninoy Aquino, ran for presidency for the 2010 Philippine presidential election under the Liberal Party of the Philippines, with yellow as his campaign color after the death of Corazon Aquino. Ninoy Aquino also was a senator who formerly ran under the Liberal Party. Hence, the color associated with the Aquinos also became associated with the Liberal Party and liberalism itself locally.

inh

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(Philippine politics, slang) Liberal Party of the Philippines


berde

Borrowed from Spanish verde (“green”), from Old Spanish verde, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Kapampangan berdi.


luntian

tl-noun

luntian or luntián (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

luntian (canonical)
luntián (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


baliw

balíw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
balio (alternative)
baliu (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliw (“return”), from Proto-Austronesian *baliw (“return”). Compare Bikol Central baliw, Cebuano baliw, and Maranao baloy. Doublet of ibayo.


baliw

ᜊᜎᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
balio (alternative)
baliu (alternative)


kulang

Borrowed from Malay kurang. Compare Ilocano kurang, Kapampangan kulang, Bikol Central kulang, Cebuano kuwang, and Maranao korang.

condition of being lacking, incomplete, or insufficient


bastos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos, plural of basto.


ganti

From Proto-Philippine *ganti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ganti (“to replace, return in kind”). Cognate with Malay ganti (“to replace, change”).


tamad

tamád (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tamar (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tamád. Compare Cuyunon tamad and Cebuano tamad. See also Ilocano tamlag.