bunot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bunút, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunut. Compare Bikol Central bunot, Cebuano bunot, Hiligaynon bunot, and Tausug bunut.

act of polishing the floor using a coconut husk


bunot

From Proto-Central Philippine *bugnut (“pull out”) or Proto-Philippine *búnut (“pulling out, uprooting”). Compare Ilocano bunot, Bikol Central bugnot, Cebuano bunot, and Hiligaynon bugnot.

inh

unsheathing; drawing (of a weapon from its sheath or holster)


purol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pudul (“blunt, dull”).

bluntness; dullness (of blades or of the intellect)


buod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubuj (“heart of palm, palm-cabbage”) with metathesis. See more at ubod. Doublet of ubod.


buod

From earlier buwod, from bulod with elision of /l/.


dagikapnayan

tl-noun

dagikapnayan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜄᜒᜃᜉ᜔ᜈᜌᜈ᜔)

ᜇᜄᜒᜃᜉ᜔ᜈᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From dagi- (“electro-”) + kapnayan (“chemistry”).


dagindas

dagindás (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


hatimbilang

tl-noun

hatimbilang (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔)

ᜑᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From hati (“divided”) + -m- + bilang (“number”).


kubtangkas

tl-noun

kubtangkás (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜊ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔)

kubtangkás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜊ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


mulatil

From contraction of mulaang butil (literally “originating seed”).


butones

ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bitones (alternative)
botones (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish botones, plural of botón. Doublet of boton.

button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener)


gilit

gilít (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
gil-it (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *gərəC (“slit an animal's throat”). Compare Bikol Central gurot, Cebuano gulot, and Malay kerat.

inh

cleft mark on skin surfaces (as on the chin, neck, or on certain fruits)

cutting with a blade pushed forward and backward without raising it

killing by slicing the neck forward and backward


gilit

[ˈɡiː.lɪt̪̚]


mekaniko

Borrowed from Spanish mecánico, from Latin mēchanicus, from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós).


paypay

paypáy (canonical)
ᜉᜌ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
pipay (alternative obsolete)

→ Spanish: paipay

→ Catalan: pai-pai

From Proto-Philippine *paypáy (“to wave the hand, as in beckoning someone or in fanning oneself”). Onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Kapampangan pepe.


puga

Borrowed from Spanish fuga (“escape”), from Latin fuga.


pinaypay

pinaypáy (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜌ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From paypay + -in-, literally “made as a fan”.


tagay

[ˈt̪aː.ɣaɪ̯]

toast (drink in honor of something or someone)


paksa

Borrowed from Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣa, “matter under discussion”).


lunsod

Superseded, pre-1977 spelling of lungsod.


isnatser

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜈᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪsˈn̪aː.t͡ʃɛɾ]


hulma

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish horma. Doublet of porma.


munisipyo

tl-noun

munisipyo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

a city hall, a town hall, a municipal hall


puhunan

ᜉᜓᜑᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pohonan (alternative)

→ Kapampangan: puhunan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun-an, derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun (“base of a tree; cause; source, origin; beginning”), via Malay pohon. Doublet of puno. Compare Ilocano puonan, Sambali poonan, Cebuano puhunan, Maranao po'onan, Tausug puunan.


tindera

[t̪ɪn̪ˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tendera. By surface analysis, tinda + -era.

female equivalent of tindero: female storekeeper; female vendor


tindero

tl-noun

tindero (feminine tindera, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

[t̪ɪn̪ˈd̪ɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish tendero. By surface analysis, tinda + -ero.


kapritso

Borrowed from Spanish capricho, from Italian capriccio.


tanso

tansô (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
tangso (alternative obsolete)

Possibly from Hokkien 銅索 /铜索 (tâng soh, “copper wire”) or Hokkien 銅線 /铜线 (tâng-sòaⁿ, “copper wire”). Compare Kapampangan tangsu, Remontado Agta tansu, and Yogad tansu.


pamamalo

From pam- + palo with initial reduplication.

the act of punishing, usually by beating


tsinelas

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinelas (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪ɛː.lɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish chinelas, plural of chinela.


kuyaw

thick moving crowd or throng; swarm (of people, animals, etc.)


ngilo

ngiló (canonical)
ᜅᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
ng̃ilo (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *ŋilu. Compare Malay ngilu.

tingling nerve pain felt on the edge of one's teeth


moskitero

tl-noun

moskitero (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


maniniyot

maniniyót (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜒᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.n̪ɪˈɲot̪̚]

Borrowed from Cebuano maniniyot, from man- + siyot, with the root from English shoot.


isyu

issue (of a publication, printing, etc.)


asyenda

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
hasyenda (alternative)

[ʔɐˈʃɛn̪.d̪ɐ]

[ʔɐsˈjɛn̪.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish hacienda, from Old Spanish fazienda, from Latin facienda (literally “things to be done”), from faciō (“to do”).


tangke

tl-noun

tangké or tangke (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜒ)

tangké (canonical)
tangke (canonical)
ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tanque, from Portuguese tanque, from Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī), from Prakrit 𑀝𑀁𑀓 (ṭaṃka).

tank; vat (of water, gasoline, etc.); cistern


lihi

lihí (canonical)
lihî (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜑᜒ (Baybayin)

conception; conceiving (of a pregnant woman)

capricious cravings of a pregnant woman (usually food)


luhod

luhód (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜑᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lohor (alternative)
luhor (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *luhud (“act of kneeling”). Compare Ivatan dugud, Agutaynen lod, Bikol Central luhod, Cebuano luhod, Aklanon euhod, Hiligaynon luhod, Waray-Waray luhod, and Mansaka lood. Possibly related to Malay lutut (“knee”).

inh

kneeling and kissing of the hands of elders (as a sign of respect)


hinguto

delousing; removal of lice (from one's head)


kawayan

From Proto-Austronesian *kawayan. Compare Kapampangan kuayan, Bikol Central kawayan, Cebuano kawayan, Tausug kayawan and Yami kawalan.


monghe

Coordinate term: mongha


balbal

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan balbal.

broken pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)

breaking into pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


nobya

tl-noun

nobya (masculine nobyo, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜊ᜔ᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish novia, from Vulgar Latin *novius (“newly wed”), from Latin novus (“new”).


akordeonista

akordeonista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
akordiyonista (alternative)
akurdiyonista (alternative)
akordyonista (alternative)
akurdyonista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish acordeonista. By surface analysis, akordeon + -ista.


araru

ararú (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
araro (alternative)
aruro (alternative)
aruru (alternative)
arurot (alternative)
uraro (alternative)
uraru (alternative)

Borrowed from English arrowroot, from Lokono aru-aru (literally “meal of meals”).


selpon

Borrowed from English cell phone, from cellular phone.


drayber

[ˈd̪ɾaɪ̯.bɛɾ]


kandila

kandilà (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
candila (alternative)
candela (alternative)
canrela (alternative)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish candela, the ⟨e⟩ changed to ⟨i⟩ because of the /e/-/i/ allophony. Ultimately, from Latin candēla. Doublet of kendeng.


pasahero

tl-noun

pasahero (feminine pasahera, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐᜑᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish pasajero. By surface analysis, pasahe + -ero.


libot

From Proto-Philippine *libut (“go around”).

trips to different places (as of tourists)


sakay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay. Compare Kapampangan sake.

inh+

ride; riding (of a vehicle, animal, etc.)

(printing) mounting of type composition on a printing machine

(printing) number of type compositions needed (to complete printing of a publication on the machine)

(by extension, colloquial, euphemistic) act of mounting someone to have sexual intercourse

(figurative, colloquial) conforming with others; going with the flow; playing along


sakayan

Maaari lamang na sumakay at bumaba sa EDSA Carousel sa mga lugar ng tamang sakayan at babaan.

You can only board and disembark on the EDSA Carousel at the correct areas for loading and unloading.

place for loading passengers or cargo (such as stops for public transport vehicles)

time or schedule for passengers to ride (a vehicle)

simultaneous riding of passengers (into a vehicle)


naog

[ˈn̪aː.ʔoɡ̚]


kikik

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973).


apyo

Borrowed from Spanish apio (“celery”), from Latin apium.


deliryo

ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
diliryo (alternative)


dukesa

[d̪ʊˈxɛː.sɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish duquesa (“duchess”).


depensa

ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
dipensa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish defensa (“defense”).


lumpo

lumpó (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
lompo (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpuq. Compare Kapampangan lumpu, Cebuano lumpo and Malay lumpuh.


uwi

uwî (canonical)
ᜂᜏᜒ (Baybayin)
oui (alternative)
owi (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ulíq (“return, restore”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq (“return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro”). Compare Pangasinan oli, Kapampangan uli, Bikol Central uli, Calamian Tagbanwa ulik, Cebuano uli, Tboli ulek, Tausug uwi',Coastal Kadazan uhi and Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦶꦃ (ulih). Doublet of uli.

inh

act of returning home (on one's hometown, province, country, etc.)

anything brought home by someone (especially from a trip)


labakara

Borrowed from Spanish lavacara (“washbasin”).


masahe

Borrowed from Spanish masaje, from French massage. Doublet of masads.


hilot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hílut.
Compare Kapampangan ilut, Bikol Central hilot, Cebuano hilot, and
Tausug hilut.

a traditional healing practice, involving chiropractic manipulation and massage


mayor de edad

tl-noun

mayór de edád (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜇᜇ᜔)

mayór de edád (canonical)
ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


preno

Borrowed from Spanish freno, from Latin frēnum.

Apakan mo ang preno ng kotse.

Masdan mong maigi, mahal kong kaibigan, sapagkat walang preno ang iyong pulang sasakyan.

Observe carefully, my dear friend, because your red car has no brakes.


kalumpang

kalumpáng (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kalumpaŋ. Compare Malay kelumpang.

calumpang; wild almond tree (Sterculia foetida)


pikniker

píknikér (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜒᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


papet

puppet (movable model of a person or animal)

puppet (person or country controlled by another); blind follower


bagamundo

ᜊᜄᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
bagabundo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish vagamundo, rare form of vagabundo with influence of mundo (“world”), from Late Latin vagabundus. Doublet of mundo.


dayo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dáyu. Compare Bikol Central dayo and Cebuano dayo.


duong

duóng or duong (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜂᜅ᜔)

duóng (canonical)
duong (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜂᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
doong (alternative)
douong (alternative)
duwong (alternative obsolete)

From earlier duwong, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duluŋ (“prow of a canoe”) with elision of /l/. Compare Ilocano dulong, Agutaynen dolong, Central Tagbanwa dulong, Bikol Central dulong, Aklanon dueong, Cebuano dulong, Hiligaynon dulung, Waray-Waray dulong, Maranao lolong, Western Bukidnon Manobo dulung, Tboli dulung, and Tausug dūng. See also Malay jolong.


duong

duóng (canonical)
duong (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜂᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
daong (alternative colloquial)
doong (alternative)

Compare Kapampangan dung, Sambali doong, Bikol Central duong, Aklanon duong, Hiligaynon doong, and Waray-Waray duong.

steering a vessel into port; dropping anchor


balkonahe

ᜊᜎ᜔ᜃᜓᜈᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
balkunahe (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish balconaje (“row of balconies”).


boksingero

tl-noun

boksingero (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜅᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜅᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
boksinero (alternative)


kulata

kulata or kulatà (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜆ)

kulata (canonical)
kulatà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish culata, from Italian culatta.

blow or strike with the butt (of a rifle or firearm)


limpiyo

límpiyó (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
limpyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish limpio, from Latin limpidus.


angkla

Borrowed from Spanish ancla, from Latin ancora, from Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura). Doublet of angkora.


artsidiyosesis

artsidiyosesis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.t͡ʃɪ.d͡ʒoˈsɛː.sɪs]

Borrowed from Spanish archidiócesis, variant of arquidiócesis, from Latin archidioecesis.


bentaha

ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜑ (Baybayin)
bentahe (alternative)
bintahe (alternative)
bintaha (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish ventaja, from aventaja, from French avantage, from Old French avantage.


kaliko

Borrowed from Spanish calicó, from French calicot, from English calico, ultimately from Malayalam കോഴിക്കോട് (kōḻikkōṭŭ). Doublet of kalikot.

der

Malayalam കോഴിക്കോട് (kōḻikkōṭŭ)


abdikasyon

tl-noun

abdikasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abdikasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abdicación (“abdication”), from Latin abdicātiōnem.


abestrus

tl-noun

abestrús (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

abestrús (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish avestruz (“ostrich”).

bor+

1962, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896'

In the shops there are skins of lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, ostrich eggs and feathers and some young men are fanning the travelers.

Sa mga tindahan ay may mga katad ng leon, tigre, pantera, leopardo, mga itlog at bagwis ng abestrus at may ilang batang lalaking ang ginagawa'y magpaypay sa mga manlalakbay.

Nakasuot siya ng shift at may mahabang kuwintas na perlas na nakapulupot sa liig niya. May hawak siyang abanikong gawa sa mga pakpak ng abestrus.

2006, Tony Perez, Maligayang pagdating sa sitio Catacutan: mga kuwentong kasisindakan. Aklat I:

She was wearing a shift and has a long pearl necklace coiled on her neck. She was holding a fan made of ostrich wings.


patalastas

patalastás (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜎᜐ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pa- (“causative nominal prefix”) + talastas (“understand, learn about”).

prefix

(by extension) commercial (advertisement in a common media format)

Narinig mo ba ang patalastas tungkol sa bagyo kanina?

Did you hear the advisory about the typhoon a while ago?

announcement; notice; advisory; warning; notification


abok

From Proto-Central Philippine *qabuk, from Proto-Philippine *qabuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk.


aborsiyon

tl-noun

abórsiyón or aborsiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abórsiyón (canonical)
aborsiyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abursiyon (alternative)
aborsyon (alternative)
abursyon (alternative)

Borrowed from English abortion, from Latin abortiōnem (“miscarriage, abortion”).


Santo

tl-noun

Santo (feminine Santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

Santa (feminine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Sto. (alternative abbreviation)

title used with the name of the male saints Tomas, Tome, Domingo, and Toribio: Saint; St.


esperansa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁s
Proto-Italic *spēs
Latin spēs
Latin -o
Latin spērō
Latin spērāns
Old Spanish esperança
Spanish esperanzabor.
Tagalog esperansa
Borrowed from Spanish esperanza, from Old Spanish esperança, from Latin spērāns, from spērō.


libang

engrossment; absorption (in one's actions)


kaharian

kaharián (canonical)
ᜃᜑᜇᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
caharian (alternative)

[kɐ.hɐˈɾiː.ʔɐn̪]


prinsipe

prínsipé (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish príncipe, from Latin prīncipem.


prinsesa

[pɾɪn̪ˈsɛː.sɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish princesa, from French princesse.


mohon

mohón (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜑᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
muhon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish mojón. Doublet of muson, an early borrowing from Early Modern Spanish.


bakahan

ranch (land for raising cattle and other livestock)


pus-on

pus-ón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pos-on (alternative)


sundang

sundáng (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sondang (alternative)

Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Maguindanao, and Waray-Waray sundang, and Dupaningan Agta and Maranao sondang.


kudkod

kudkód (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kurkor (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuDkuD (“to scrape; rasp; grate”).

inh

act of grating (such as of coconut meat)

act of scraping or shaving (such as of ice)

condition of being grated, scraped, or shaved


kapilya

Borrowed from Spanish capilla (“chapel”), from Late Latin cappella.


kampanaryo

tl-noun

kampanaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)


kampana

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish campana.


kortina

ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
kurtina (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cortina, from Old Spanish cortina, from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


kurtina

[kʊɾˈt̪iː.n̪ɐ]


uga

ugâ (canonical)
ugà (canonical)
ᜂᜄ (Baybayin)
oga (alternative)

shaking or swaying movement of something (due to being loosely set or being shaken or rocked by something)

act of causing something to shake or move unsteadily


lugod

lugód (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜄᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lugor (alternative)


pilosopo

pilósopó (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

(colloquial, by extension) someone taking things too literally; pedant


sunggab

snatching; seizing suddenly (from someone)

(figurative) sudden grabbing; sudden acceptance (of an offer, opportunity, etc.)


duldol

duldól (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
doldol (alternative)

shoving; thrusting (of a thing on someone or something)

forced shoving of food (to someone's mouth)


dalikdik

dalikdík (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


paminta

Borrowed from Spanish pimienta (“pepper”) with an instance of front vowel lowering on the first vowel, from Latin pigmentum (“color, pigment”). Words with a closed penultimate syllable tend to have ultimate stress on earlier stages of the language.
The sense “closeted” is also a play on pa-men, from pa- + English men, literally “trying to be like men, pretending to be men”, in reference to gay men acting like straight men to hide their attraction to the same sex.

af

(figurative, gay slang, derogatory) closeted gay man; closet case


eskabetse

tl-noun

eskabetse (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜊᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜊᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
escabeche (alternative)
iskabetse (alternative)

[ʔɛs.kɐˈbɛː.t͡ʃɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish escabeche. Compare English sikbaj.

escabeche (poached or fried fish marinated in vinegar)


pitsel

pitcher (jug vessel, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle)


prito

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
pirito (alternative)
pritos (alternative)
piritos (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish frito, from Latin frictus, perfect passive participle of frigō.

dish of fried food, such as eggs, fish, meat, etc.


gisado

ᜄᜒᜐᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
guisado (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish guisado (“stew; stewed”) with semantic shift. By surface analysis, gisa + -ado.


bako

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba(ŋ)kuq (“curve, bump, bend”). Compare Cebuano bako.

inh

uneven spots on a road (such as potholes, lumps, cobblestones, etc.)

(figurative) unexpected failure; unexpected disappointment


akusasyon

tl-noun

akusasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akusasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
akusasiyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish acusación, from Latin accusatio. By surface analysis, akusa + -syon.


alegasyon

alegasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

alegasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜄᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.lɛ.ɣɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish alegación, from Latin allegātiōnem.


yano

Borrowed from Spanish llano (“plain”), from Latin plānus. Doublet of liyano and plano.


tapay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay (“rice wine, yeast, fermented rice”). Compare Ilocano tapey (“rice wine”), Kapampangan tape, Bikol Central tapay, Maranao tapay (“yeast”), Malay tapai (“yeast, leavened cake”), and Javanese ꦠꦥꦺ (tapé, “sweet fermented rice dish”).


kristo

Batikan kasing kristo sa sabungan kaya mahusay magdugtung-dugtong ng mga salita si Tata Peles.

He's an experienced bet collector in the cockpit so he knows how to join together the words of Grandpa Peles.

(gambling) bet collector in cockfighting; agent for bettors in cockfighting


sabong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ (“pit two opponents against each other; cockfight”). Compare Malay sabung.


libak

libák (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜊᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
libac (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *libak (“attack from concealment, criticize from a distance”).


tsismis

tl-noun

tsismis or tsismís (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔)

tsismis (canonical)
tsismís (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
chismis (alternative)
tsismes (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish chismes, plural of chisme.


tsismoso

tsismoso (feminine tsismosa, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓ)

tsismosa (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


tsismosa

female equivalent of tsismoso: female gossiper; female newsmonger


dampa

dampâ (canonical)
ᜇᜋ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)
dangpa (alternative obsolete)

hut; hovel; cabin; shanty (poor and small)


suso

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu (compare with Malay susu), from Proto-Austronesian *susu. See Fijian sucu, Tongan huhu and Hawaiian ū.

suckling from the breast; nursing; breastfeeding

any of the four projections at the bottom corners (of a sack, basket, etc.)


suso

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susuq. Compare Ilocano soso, Cebuano suso, Waray-Waray suso, Old Javanese susuh, and Balinese ᬲᬸᬲᬸᬄ (susuh).

snail (especially river snails with a cornucopia-like shell)


suso

Possibly from Chinese [Term?]. Compare Hokkien 唆使 (so-sú, “incitation; instigation”).

cog

setting on fire (especially of fireworks)


tambalan

From Cebuano tambalan or Hiligaynon tambalan.


tambal

something attached to the surface of another to reinforce it

act of pairing with someone (as in dancing, etc.)

act of playing with another (as a partner in sport)

act of joining together (as in a business partnership)


minatay

[mɪ.n̪ɐˈt̪aɪ̯]

From matay + -in-. Compare Cebuano minatay.

May minatay na tao sa bayan?

Ipahukay mo na ang minatay.


ikalima

ikalimá (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜎᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
icalima (alternative)

From ika- + lima (“five”). Compare Cebuano ikalima.


bakasyonista

tl-noun

bakasyonista (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜊᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
bakasyunista (alternative)

vacationer; holiday-maker (someone who is on vacation)


bakasyon

bakasyón (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish vacación, from Latin vacātiō.


birtud

[bɪɾˈt̪ud̪̚]

magical or spiritual powers container in an amulet, talisman or fetish


sulsol

From Proto-Philippine *sulsul (“burn; ignite”). Compare Aklanon suesue and Maranao sosol.

inh

instigation; incitement; act or urging on someone

something said to incite or instigate someone

act of pointing or poking something at close range (as at someone's face)

act of thrushing something into (as in planting cuttings into the soil)

act of putting out candlelight or torchlight by prodding the glowing end against something hard or solid


anghit

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaŋəliC or *qaŋəSit. Compare Hanunoo agit, Bikol Central anghit, Cebuano anghit, Maranao ngit, Tausug hangit, and Malay hangit. See also Ilocano anglit.

repulsive odor of goats and similar animals


almanake

Borrowed from Spanish almanaque, from Andalusian Arabic الْمَنَاخ (al-manāḵ, “almanac, calendar”), from Arabic الْمُنَاخ (al-munāḵ, “climate”).


kapasidad

kapasidád (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish capacidad, from Latin capācitās.


kaserola

ᜃᜐᜒᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
kasirola (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cacerola. Compare English casserole.

saucepan (a deep cooking vessel with a handle)


brip

Borrowed from English briefs, plural of brief, from Middle English breef, breve, bref, from Old French brief, bref, from Latin brevis (“short”). Doublet of brebe.


suspek

suspect (especially in committing a crime)


babad

(figurative) bad habit of a person (especially of a gambler, etc.)


babasagin

tl-noun

babasagín or bábasagín (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜐᜄᜒᜈ᜔)

babasagín (canonical)
bábasagín (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜐᜄᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From basag + -in, with initial reduplication of basag.

fragile object (of solid and brittle objects)


pakpak

pakpák (canonical)
ᜉᜃ᜔ᜉᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pacpac (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pakpak (“to clap, flap the wings; sound of clapping or flapping”). See also Tausug pikpik.


propeta

Borrowed from Spanish profeta, from Old Spanish propheta, borrowed from Latin prophēta, borrowed from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs), from προ- (pro-) + φημί (phēmí) + -της (-tēs). Doublet of pulupeta.


kuwintas

kuwintás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
couentas (alternative)
couintas (alternative)
cuentas (alternative)
cuintas (alternative)
kuintas (alternative obsolete)
kwintas (alternative)

Either of the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *kulintas (“necklace”) with elision of /l/. Compare Pangasinan kulintas /kolindas, Sambali kolintah, Abenlen Ayta kolinta, Asi kulintas, Agutaynen kolintat, Bikol Central kulintas, Aklanon kulentas, and Cebuano kulintas, and Hiligaynon kolintas. Possibly coincidental and conflated with Spanish cuentas.
* Early borrowing from Spanish cuentas (“beads”), plural of cuenta (“bead (small spherical object)”). However, expected word would be *kuntas if borrowed early but possibly an exception. Compare Ilocano kuentas, Bikol Central kuwentas, Cebuano kuwintas, and Waray-Waray kwentas.


pwerta

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of puwerta.


bading

J: Pa'no kaya kung malaman ng tatay mong bading ka?

1988, Lagda Pub. Incorporated, National Mid-week, Volume 3, Issues 9-12:

What would happen if your dad finds out you're gay?

effeminate man; womanish man; homosexual male; hermaphrodite


lampin

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lampin. Compare Bikol Central lampin, Cebuano lampin, and Malay lampin.


dayaper

[ˌd̪aː.jɐˈpɛɾ]

Borrowed from English diaper, from Old French dyapre, diaspre, from medieval Latin diaspra, diasprum from Byzantine Greek δίασπρος (díaspros, adjective), from δια- (dia-, “across”) + ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”).


alikate

tl-noun

alikate or alikatè (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜃᜆᜒ)

alikate (canonical)
alikatè (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜃᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.lɪˈxaː.t̪ɛʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish alicate, from Arabic لَقَّاط (laqqāṭ). Possible doublet of kalakati.

pliers (especially for cracking areca nut)


tadtad

tadtád (canonical)
ᜆᜇ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tartar (alternative)

[t̪ɐd̪ˈt̪ad̪̚]

Possibly onomatopoeic. Compare Cebuano tadtad, Kapampangan tadtad, Pangasinan tartar, and Ibaloi ta-ad (“small knife”), and tudtod.

mincing; chopping up into small bits (of meat, etc.)

condition of being fully or thickly covered (with pockmarks, holes, etc.)


dadaanin

dadaanín or dadaanin (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇᜀᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

dadaanín (canonical)
dadaanin (canonical)
ᜇᜇᜀᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɐ.d̪ɐ.ʔɐˈn̪ɪn̪]

[d̪ɐ.d̪ɐˈʔaː.n̪ɪn̪]

From daan + -in, from an initial reduplication of daan.


dabaw

ford; fording or wading place (across a river, pond, stream, narrow lake, etc.)


dabog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dabuk (“pound; beat”).

inh

stamping of feet to indicate annoyance, vexation, or irritation


abyador

abyadór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
abiyador (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish aviador (“aviator”), from French aviateur.


tambling

act of tumbling (especially for a gymnastic manuever such as backflips, somersaults, rolls, and handsprings)


balitok

tl-noun

balitók or balitok (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜆᜓᜃ᜔)

balitók (canonical)
balitok (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
balitoc (alternative)
balatok (alternative)


posporo

pósporó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
pospro (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish fósforo (“matchstick”), from Latin phōsphorus (“phosphorus”), from Ancient Greek φωσφόρος (phōsphóros, “torchbearer, light bearer”).


plorwaks

tl-noun

plorwaks (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜏᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ᜏᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


balibol

báliból (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bolibol (alternative)


balibol

ᜊᜎᜒᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
balibul (alternative)
bulibol (alternative)


eksam

Borrowed from English exam, clipping of examination.


eksaminasyon

eksaminasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜋᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eksaminasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜋᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
eksamenasyon (alternative)
iksaminasyon (alternative)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English examination, influenced by Spanish -ación, from Middle English examinacioun, from Old French examinacion, from Latin exāminātiō. While Spanish examinación existed, the word was already obsolete and unlikely to be the source of the word. The more proper word to use for “examination” is Spanish examen. See eksamen.


hanting

(colloquial) looking for a potential date


klasmeyt

tl-noun

klasmeyt (Baybayin spelling ᜃ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜃ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ᜋᜒᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


amonya

Borrowed from English ammonia, from Latin sāl ammōniacus (“salt of Amun, ammonium chloride”), named so because it was found near the temple of (Jupiter) Ammon in Egypt.


rebisyon

rebisyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
rebisiyon (alternative)
revisyon (alternative)

[ɾɛ.bɪˈʃon̪]


abay na lalaki

tl-noun

abay na lalaki (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈ ᜎᜎᜃᜒ)


abuluyan

ábuluyán (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜓᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

mutual aid; mutual help by giving contribution


awditor

awditór (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
oditor (alternative)

[ʔaʊ̯.d̪ɪˈt̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish auditor, from Latin audītor, audītōrem.

auditor (one who audits bookkeeping accounts)

student enrolled as observer or listener in class (not entitled to credits for graduation)


superbisor

superbisór (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

superbisór (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


detektib

ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛˈt̪ɛk.t̪ɪb̚]


dipterya

[d̪ɪpˈt̪ɛɾ.jɐ]


abyasyon

abyasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abiyasyon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish aviación (“aviation”), from French aviation.


adopsyon

tl-noun

adopsyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adopsyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜉ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of adopsiyon.


adwana

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜏᜈ (Baybayin)
aduana (alternative dated)
aduwana (alternative)

[ʔɐd̪ˈwaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aduana (“customs”), from Andalusian Arabic الديوان (ad-dīwān, “the administrative office”), from Arabic دِيوَان (dīwān, “administrative office”), from Persian دیوان (dêvân), ultimately from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub).


adyenda

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
adiyenda (alternative)

[ʔɐdˈd͡ʒɛn̪.d̪ɐ]

[ʔɐd̪ˈjɛn̪.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from English agenda, from Latin agenda (“things that ought to be done”), plural of agendum. Doublet of ahenda.


anteyohos

tl-noun

anteyohos (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜑᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜑᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


agaas

agaás or agaas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄᜀᜐ᜔)

agaás (canonical)
agaas (canonical)
ᜀᜄᜀᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˈɣaː.ʔɐs]


agapay

[ʔɐˈɣaː.paɪ̯]

act of escorting; act of guiding someone

support; reinforcement (attached to a post, etc.)

parallel position (of objects or people)


agatat

[ʔɐ.ɣɐˈt̪at̪̚]


agihap

[ʔɐˈɣiː.hɐp̚]

sarna-like eruptions at the corners of the mouth


gorilya

Either from the following:
* Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English gorilla, and influenced by the pronunciation of Philippine Spanish ⟨ll⟩ (/ʎ/), as per lleísmo.
* Borrowed from archaic Spanish gorilla or gorrilla.


padyama

Borrowed from English pajamas, ultimately from Persian پایجامه / پاجامه (pâyjâma / pâjâma, “leg garment”).

der

پایجامه / پاجامه


agahas

tl-noun

agahás or agahas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄᜑᜐ᜔)

agahás (canonical)
agahas (canonical)
ᜀᜄᜑᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˈɣaː.hɐs]

sound slightly stronger than a soft breeze


agiw

ᜀᜄᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
agio (alternative)
agyo (alternative)


agong

From Malay gong. Compare Hanunoo agong, Cebuano agong, Maranao agong, Tausug agung, and Javanese ꦒꦺꦴꦁ (gong).


aguha

Borrowed from Spanish aguja (“needle”), from Late Latin acūcula.


aguhilya

Borrowed from Spanish agujilla (literally “small needle”).


aguhon

[ʔɐ.ɣʊˈhon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish agujón (“large needle”).

pair of compasses; compass for drawing circles


agwaras

agwarás (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
aguwaras (alternative)

[ʔɐɡ.wɐˈɾas]

Borrowed from Spanish aguarrás (“turpentine”), perhaps from Latin aqua rāsis (“pitch water”).

Ang agwaras ay ginagamit sa pagtitimpla ng pintura.


teknikolor

tl-noun

téknikólor or teknikolór (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜔)

téknikólor (canonical)
teknikolór (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜈᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English technicolor, genericized trademark from Technicolor. See also Spanish tecnicolor.

technicolor (process of color cinematography using synchronized monochrome films)


tsokolate

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜃᜓᜎᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
tsokulate (alternative)
sikulate (alternative archaic)
tsikulate (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from a Classical Nahuatl word, possibly from chocolātl. See more at English chocolate. Compare Cebuano sikwate.

chocolate (confection/candy, bar, syrup, powder, etc.)


kadete

[kɐˈd̪ɛː.t̪ɛ]


kurikong

kurikóng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜃᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


manikurista

manikurista (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜃᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜋᜈᜒᜃᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
manikyurista (alternative)

manicurist; pedicurist (a beautician who cleans and trims and polishes the fingernails and toenails)


telebisyon

telebisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

telebisyón (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish televisión, from French télévision.


emperatris

emperatrís (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

emperatrís (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛm.pɛ.ɾɐˈt̪ɾɪs]


katre

Borrowed from Spanish catre, from Portuguese catre, from Tamil கட்டில் (kaṭṭil).

Nakita ni Tan Sua na walang katre sa loob ng bahay.

2007, Ren Bai, Lagalag sa Nanyang: (Nanyang Piaoliuji), UP Press, →ISBN, page 77:

Tan Sua found out that there is no bed inside the house.

bed (on a framework support for sleeping)


palanggana

ᜉᜎᜅ᜔ᜄᜈ (Baybayin)
planggana (alternative)

[pɐ.lɐŋˈɡaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish palangana (“bowl, vat”).


alperes

tl-noun

alperés or alperes (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

alperés (canonical)
alperes (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐl.pɛˈɾɛs]

[ʔɐlˈpɛː.ɾɛs]


obertaym

óbertáym (canonical)
ᜂᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
obertaim (alternative dated)

[ˌʔoː.bɛɾˈt̪aɪ̯m]


ebakwasyon

ebakwasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜃ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

ebakwasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜊᜃ᜔ᜏᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


ebanghelyo

ebanghelyo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜊᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

alternative letter-case form of Ebanghelyo


ebaporada

Ellipsis of letse-ebaporada, from Spanish leche evaporada.


agwahe

[ʔɐɡˈwaː.hɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish aguaje (“waterhole”).

bor+

(nautical) wake (path left behind a ship on the surface of the water); eddy at the rudder


agwardyente

tl-noun

agwardyente (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɡ.wɐɾˈd͡ʒɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɐɡ.wɐɾˈd̪jɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of agwardiyente.


akademya

ᜀᜃᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
akademiya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish academia (“academy”), from Latin acadēmīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία (Akadēmía).


kadena

[kɐˈd̪ɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cadena, from Latin catēna.


krayola

Genericized trademark of English Crayola. Compare Spanish crayola. The gay slang sense is a play on English cry.


gigil

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gigil. Compare Ilocano gerger, Kapampangan galgal, Malay gegar /gigil.

Hindi ko mapigil ang gigil ko sa kanya.

I can't suppress this overwhelming emotion I have against him.

suppressed, overwhelming pleasure, thrill, or sometimes also anger, manifested by the gritting of teeth, tight gripping of hands, and/or trembling of the body


kantidad

kantidád (canonical)
ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kuwantidad (alternative)
kwantidad (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cantidad, from Old Spanish quantidat, borrowed from Latin quantitātem.


rekisito

ᜇᜒᜃᜒᜐᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
rikisito (alternative)
rekisitos (alternative plural-normally)

Borrowed from Spanish requisito, from Latin requīsitus, perfect passive participle of requīrō. Doublet of rekisitos.


Suwisa

Borrowed from Spanish suiza (“female Swiss”).

female equivalent of Suwiso: female Swiss (person)


banyos

Borrowed from Spanish baños, plural form of baño. Doublet of banyo and baynos.


tikbalang

ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜊᜎᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
tigbalang (alternative)

(folklore, mythology) tikbalang (humanoid creature in Philippine folklore having a head and hooves of a horse)


mansyon

mansyón (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of mansiyon.


naptalina

Borrowed from Spanish naftalina, from French naphtaline, from English naphthalene.


bisperas

bísperás (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
disperas (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Spanish vísperas, plural of víspera (“eve; vesper”), from Old Spanish viésperas, from Latin vespera.

eve; night before an important event (such as Christmas, New Year, or a feast day)


eskwelahan

tl-noun

eskwélahán (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜑᜈ᜔)

eskwélahán (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of eskuwelahan.


kolehiyo

koléhiyó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
kolegio (alternative dated)
kolehio (alternative dated)
kolehyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish colegio, from Latin collegium. The sense “college” is a semantic loan from English college.


unibersidad

unibersidád (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜒᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

unibersidád (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜒᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
yunibersidad (alternative)

[ʔʊ.n̪ɪ.bɛɾ.sɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish universidad, from Old Spanish universidat, from Medieval Latin universitātem. Compare Indonesian universitas, Malay universiti.


eskwela

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of eskuwela.


elementarya

elementarya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English elementary, influenced by Spanish -aria, from Latin elementārius (“elementary”).


bitsin

[bɪtˈt͡ʃɪn̪]


bihon

Borrowed from Hokkien 米粉 (bí-hún, “rice vermicelli”) (cf. Indonesian bihun, Singaporean English bee hoon).

bor+

rice vermicelli; bihon (thin, white rice noodles)


miswa

Borrowed from Hokkien 麵線 /面线 (mī-soàⁿ, “misua”). Compare Cebuano miswa, English misua /mee sua, Malay misoa, Indonesian misoa.

misua; a very thin variety of salted Chinese noodles made from wheat flour


hopya

hopyà (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜉ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
hopia (alternative common)
hopiya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish hopia, ultimately from Hokkien, possibly 好餅 /好饼 (hó piáⁿ, literally “good pastry”) according to Chan-Yap(1980) and Manuel (1948). See also Early Manila Hokkien 香餅 /香饼 (hioⁿ-piáⁿ, literally “fragrant pastry”), Indonesian bakpia.

ncog

...HOPYA, BIKO, LUMPIYA, MIKI, MAMI, BITSU, SIYANSI, TIYANI, atbp. Isa pang katangian ng wikang Tagalog ay ang PALAMUHATAN (Etimologia) ng maraming salita.

1937, Guillermo Estrella Tolentino, Ang wika at baybaying Tagalog:

hopia (flaky pastry, typically filled with either mung bean, pork bits, purple yam, azuki bean, or etc.)


pakyaw

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 縛繳 /缚缴 (pa̍k-kiáu, literally “to submit by bundles”) according to Chan-Yap (1980) or 跋繳 /跋缴 (poa̍h-kiáu, literally “to gamble; to bet money”).


taghoy

(Marinduque) whistling (with one's mouth)


petsay

[ˈpɛː.t͡ʃaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Hokkien 白菜 (pe̍h-chhài, “Chinese cabbage”, literally “white vegetable”), as per Chan-Yap (1980) and Manuel (1948).

bor+

Chinese cabbage (either napa cabbage or bok choy)


dagitab

[d̪ɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐb̚]


punsoy

punsóy (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
pungsoy (alternative)
pungsuy (alternative)
punsuy (alternative)

Borrowed from English feng shui, from Mandarin 風水 /风水 (fēngshuǐ, literally “wind and water”). See also Cantonese 風水 /风水 (fung¹ seoi²).


bakya

bakyâ (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
bacya (alternative)
baquia (alternative)
bakia (alternative obsolete)
bakiya (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Hokkien 木屐 (ba̍k-kiah, “wooden clogs”).


teleserye

tl-noun

teleserye (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)

ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ (Baybayin)

→ English: teleserye

Borrowed from Spanish teleserie, or alternatively a blend of telebisyon (“television”) + serye (“series”).

blend

telenovela, especially from the Philippines; Philippine television drama


otap

[ˈʔoː.t̪ɐp̚]

an oblong-shaped flaky biscuit with white sugar sprinkled on top


tagaktak

continuous dripping; continuous downpour in drops (of sweat, tears, rain, etc.)


budbod

budbód (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
burbor (alternative)

sprinkling on food (of salt, pepper, flour, etc.)

particles sprinkled on food (of salt, pepper, flour, etc.)

distribution of small quantities to many people


habag

Shifted from the original meaning of Proto-Philippine *abag (“to cooperate”). Cognate with Cebuano abag which retained the original meaning. See also Maranao awag.

disconsolate feeling (of one who has been maltreated, outraged, etc.)


binangkal

binangkál (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈᜅ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Cebuano binangkal, from bangkal + -in-, named after the pastry's resemblance to the fruits of the bangkal (“Leichhardt pine”) tree.

binangkal (deep-fried dense doughballs coated with sesame seeds)


sukli

suklî (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
socli (alternative)
sucli (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Chinese according to Panganiban (1973), such as Hokkien per Manuel (1948) & Potet (2016). According to Manuel (1948), perhaps Hokkien 找錢 /找钱 (chǎu-chîⁿ, “to give change”). Compare Ibatan sopli, Ilocano supli, Bikol Central sukli, Cebuano sukli, Hiligaynon sukli, and Maranao sokli.

ncog

change (balance of money returned after a purchase)

change (small denominations given in exchange for a larger denomination)


bangkal

bangkál (canonical)
ᜊᜅ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bancal (alternative)
bankal (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkal (“a tree: Nauclea sp.”). Compare Aklanon bangkae, Cebuano bangkal, Hiligaynon bangkal, and Malay bangkal.

inh

Nauclea orientalis
Wikispecies:Nauclea orientalis

Nauclea subdita
Wikispecies:Nauclea subdita

Neonauclea media
Wikispecies:Neonauclea media


bangkal

Borrowed from Spanish bancal, possibly from Andalusian Arabic مَنْقَالَ (manqála).


biktima

Borrowed from Spanish víctima, from Latin victima.


sakob

cover; covering (back-to-back or face-to-face)

inclusion of something with a big cover or covering


tulisan

→ Bikol Central: tulisan

→ Cebuano: tulisan

→ Chamorro: tulusån

→ Ilocano: tulisan

→ Spanish: tulisán

Philippine_revolts_against_Spain#Agrarian Revolt of 1745

From tulis (“sharpness”) + -an.
For the sense “robber; brigand; bandit; outlaw”, the word can be interpreted literally as “pointed; bladeholder; person with a pointed weapon”. The usage of the sense was said to have started appearing after the Agrarian Revolt of 1745 in Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, and in Bulacan where indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the basis of ancestral domain. Doublet of tulisanes.

m-g

Nag dadaan doong nagtatawid bayan ay pulupulutong, at kung minsa'y kaban at sa pang̃ing̃ilag sa sila'y maharang sa gubat ng̃ mg̃a nag galang tulisan.

1898, Joaquin Mañibo, Mga dakilang Kababalaghan likha ng̃ Martir sa Kalvario:


tulisan

Amblygaster clupeoides
w:Amblygaster clupeoides

bleeker smoothbelly sardinella (Amblygaster clupeoides, a type of small fish similar to tamban)


kawatan

Borrowed from Cebuano kawatan (“thief”).


holdaper

(loosely) kidnapper; robber; carjacker; highwayman


tulay

From Proto-Philippine *tulay (cf. Bikol Central tulay, Cebuano tulay, Hiligaynon tulay, Waray-Waray tulay).


probinsyano

tl-noun

probinsyano (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of probinsiyano.


niyog

niyóg (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
inyog (alternative)
niog (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ. Compare Chamorro niyok, Hawaiian niu, Malay nyiur, Mansaka iyog, and Palauan lius.

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


ulap

Compare Kapampangan ulap (“fog”) and Ilocano ulep.

(figurative) something that darkens, obscures, or makes gloomy


trapik

Borrowed from English traffic, from Middle French trafique, traffique (“traffic”), from Italian traffico (“traffic”). Doublet of trapiko.

traffic (pedestrians or vehicles on roads)


trapiko

Borrowed from Spanish tráfico, from Italian traffico. Doublet of trapik.


baklad

baklád (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
baclad (alternative)
baclar (alternative)
baklar (alternative)

→ Cebuano: baklad

From Proto-Philippine *bakəlad, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakəlad.


praksis

Borrowed from English praxis, from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action, activity, practice”).


aktibidad

tl-noun

aktibidád (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

aktibidád (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish actividad (“activity”). Doublet of aktibidades.


angkas

angkás (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ankas (alternative obsolete)

Possibly from the following:
* Borrowed from Spanish ancas, plural of anca (“haunch”), with a stress shift due to having a closed penultimate syllable.
* Inherited from Proto-Philippine *aŋkás.
Compare Aklanon angkas and Tausug angkas.

ride together on the same vehicle or horseback (mostly vehicles where one needs to straddle)


ligid

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]


ligid

ligíd (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ligir (alternative)

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]

condition of being surrounded or encircled (of enemies, etc.)


prangko

franc (former currency of France and other countries)


sundalo

ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
sondalo (alternative)
suldaro (alternative obsolete)

(colloquial, figurative) one's male child


lugit

[ˈluː.ɣɪt̪̚]

extension of deadline for payment (of one's debts, bills, etc.)

additional length added as allowance for shrinkage

handicap given to a player in games (as in racing, boxing, etc.)


anaman

any of the big beams of the upper frame of a house or building


patid

patíd (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
patir (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *patəd (“chop, hack off”). Compare Kapampangan patad, Maranao pated, Bikol Central patod, and Ilocano puted.

inh

act of cutting, parting, or breaking off something


asador

[ʔɐ.sɐˈd̪oɾ]


sinehan

sinehán (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinihan (alternative)


sinigang

sinigáng (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜄᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinig-ang (alternative)

[sɪ.n̪ɪˈɣaŋ]

From sigang + -in-. See also Malay singgang (“fish stewed in sour ingredients”).


barong Tagalog

tl-noun

barong Tagalog or baróng Tagalog (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔)

barong Tagalog (canonical)
baróng Tagalog (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜓᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


pukot

From Proto-Central Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Philippine *pukət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pukət. Compare Malay pukat & Iban pukat.


tabang

tabáng (canonical)
ᜆᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
tab-ang (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)baŋ. Compare Bikol Central tabang, Cebuano tab-ang and Tausug ta'bang.


minyo

Borrowed from Spanish minio, from Latin minium.


magha

Borrowed from Sanskrit मेघ (megha, “cloud”). Compare Malay mega, Javanese ꦩꦺꦒ (méga), Old Javanese megha. Possible doublet of bigha.


ipon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qi(m)pun (“heap, collection; to gather, heap up”). Compare Aklanon impon and Malay himpun.

inh

collected matter; accumulation (of objects)

gathering; collecting (of things into one place)


platito

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜆᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
palatito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish platito. By surface analysis, plato + -ito.

Polyscias scutellaria
Wikispecies:Polyscias scutellaria


kutsaron

kutsarón (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cucharón (“ladle”).


luwag

luwág (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜏᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
loag (alternative)
luag (alternative Batangas dialectal)

looseness of fit (of clothes, apparel, tie, etc.)

laxity (of enforcement of laws, policies, etc.)


namok

namók (canonical)
ᜈᜋᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
namoc (alternative)


agay-ay

[ʔɐ.ɣaɪ̯ˈʔaɪ̯]


bulod

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
abobor (alternative)
aboor (alternative)
abouor (alternative)
bolor (alternative)
boor (alternative)
bouor (alternative)
abuod (alternative obsolete)
abuwod (alternative obsolete)
abuor (alternative obsolete)
abuwor (alternative obsolete)
buod (alternative obsolete)
buor (alternative obsolete)
buwod (alternative obsolete)
buwor (alternative obsolete)

Compare Ilocano bilid and Kapampangan abulud.

Walang bulod yaring katana.


lawak

great extent; extensive (of power or authority)

area; field (of investigation, research, endeavor, etc.)


hawak

act of holding on to something (to support oneself)

possession; ownership (of power, responsibility, etc.)

act of taking a woman as one's common-law wife


paraiso

ᜉᜇᜁᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
parayso (alternative uncommon)

Borrowed from Spanish paraíso, from Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos). Compare Indonesian paradiso.

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual


depinisyon

tl-noun

depinisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

depinisyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
depenisyon (alternative)


destabilisasyon

destabilisasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

destabilisasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English destabilization, and influenced by Spanish -ción.


listahan

Ang sumusunod ay listahan ng mga maka-Kanang grupong vigilante sa buong kapuluan.

1987, National Mid-week, Volume 2, Issues 15-28, Lagda Pub. Incorporated, page 18:

The following is a list of the right-wing vigilante group in the whole archipelago.

Heto ang listahan ng mga dapat mong bilhin ngayong araw.

2014, Jiedson R. Domigpe, Nenita Pambid Domingo, Elementary Tagalog: Tara, Mag-Tagalog Tayo! Come On, Let's Speak Tagalog! (MP3 Audio CD Included), →ISBN, page 151:

Here is the list of the things you must buy today.


taklobo

Tridacna gigas
Tridacna gigas#Translingual


bukayo

bukayò (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bocayo (alternative)
boc-hayo (alternative)
buchayo (alternative)
bukhayo (alternative dialectal)

Compare Ilocano bokayo, Kapampangan bukayu, Cebuano bukhayo, Hiligaynon bukayo, and Maranao bokayo'.

bukayo (Filipino dessert made from sweetened coconut strips)


ampaw

ampáw (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ampao (alternative)

Uncertain. Possibly either:
* From Chinese, possibly Hokkien 紅包 /红包 (âng-pau), same with etymology 2. Compare Spanish hampáo, English ampao, Ilocano ampaw, Kapampangan ampo, Bikol Central ampaw, Cebuano ampaw, Aklanon ampaw, and Maranao ampaw.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampaw (“empty husk (of rice, etc.)”).

inh

sweetened or syruped snack made from puffed rice, or peanut, or popcorn

(construction) honeycomb air pockets forming in concrete (when applied incorrectly)

(colloquial, slang) weak person; frail person


ampaw

tl-noun

ampaw or ampáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉᜏ᜔)

ampaw (canonical)
ampáw (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
angpao (alternative)
ampao (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 紅包 /红包 (âng-pau), with sound shift from /ŋ/ to /m/ preceding labial consonants.

Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year#English

red envelope; hongbao (red envelope used for money given as gift in Chinese New Year)


puto maya

ᜉᜓᜆᜓ ᜋᜌ (Baybayin)
puto-maya (alternative)
putomaya (alternative)

puto maya (a rice cake pastry made by boiling glutinous rice in coconut milk with sugar and grated coconut, as an easier alternative to puto, which is cooked steamed)


abswelto

abswelto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of absuwelto.


biskotso

ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
biscocho (alternative)
biscoso (alternative)
biskuso (alternative obsolete)
biskutso (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bizcocho, from Old Spanish biscocho, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”). Doublet of biskuwit.

der

bread toasted to brittleness or crispiness


polboron

polborón (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pulburon (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish polvorón (“A type of shortbread made of flour, sugar, milk, and nuts”), from pólvora, from Latin pulvis, pulveris.

bor+

a cake, usually round or oval in shape, made by compacting a mixture of toasted flour, skimmed milk, margarine and sugar, usually wrapped in colored cellophane or washi paper

a round biscuit or bread similar to its Spanish predecessor


labanos

labanós (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dabanos (alternative obsolete)
rabanos (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish rábanos, plural of rábano (“radish”), from Latin raphanus, from Ancient Greek ῥάφανος (rháphanos).


mustasa

Borrowed from Spanish mostaza, from Latin mustāceus, from mustum (“must”), because the condiment was originally prepared with must.


upo

act or time of assuming the function of an office (of someone newly elected)


upo

Borrowed from Hokkien 葫匏 (ô͘-pû, “calabash”).

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

opo squash; calabash (Lagenaria siceraria)


Musulman

Musulmán (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish musulmán, from French musulman, from Ottoman Turkish مسلمان (Müslüman, “Muslim”), from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “Muslim”), possibly via its plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn). Doublet of Muslim.


kabog

loud, heavy sound, as that caused by a heavy, falling object

(western Marinduque) bat (flying mammal)


singkamas

singkamás (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜋᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
singcamas (alternative)
sincamas (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish síncamas, from Early Modern Spanish jícamas, plural of jícama (“jicama”), from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl. Doublet of hikama.

bor+

Pachyrhizus erosus
Wikispecies:Pachyrhizus erosus


tanglad

tanglád (canonical)
ᜆᜅ᜔ᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tanlad (alternative)

Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus#Translingual


malisa

Borrowed from Sanskrit मरीच (marīca, “black pepper”). Compare Malay merica.


tutok

act of pointing a gun closely at someone

(by extension) act of paying attention or focusing (on someone or something)


ubos

From Proto-Central Philippine *ubus, from Proto-Philippine *qubus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubus. Compare Ilocano obos, Itawit ufut, Kankanaey umus, Casiguran Dumagat Agta obus, Bikol Central ubos, Cebuano ubus, Maranao obos, Tausug ubus, Old Javanese huwus, Makasar obus, and Chamorro upos.


purok

district; locality; neighborhood; area; region


balangay

ᜊᜎᜅᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
balang̃ay (alternative)

→ Spanish: barangay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baraŋay. Compare Malay berangai (“pirate boat or proa”). Doublet of barangay.

(historical, nautical) a type of wooden watercraft Austronesian people used when they migrated to the Philippines with 12 to 16 rowers

community of people; group of families; village

local branch; lodge (of groups such as the Freemasonry)


balangay

balangáy (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜅᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
balang̃ay (alternative)

[bɐ.lɐˈŋaɪ̯]

Compare Malay berangai (“apparently dead; in a state of suspended animation”).

cog

(pathology) sudden death due to cerebral hemorrhage or cardiac arrest


baryo

Borrowed from Spanish barrio, from Andalusian Arabic بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “exterior”), from Classical Arabic بَرِّيّ (barriyy, “wild”).

der

barrio; village; suburban district of a municipality; borough


sityo

Borrowed from Spanish sitio, from Latin situs.

district; portion of a village or barrio


gasera

From gas + -era, possibly influenced by Spanish gasera (“gas tanker vessel”).


andaderas

[ʔɐn̪.d̪ɐˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish andaderas, plural of andadera.


alahero

tl-noun

alahero (feminine alahera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜑᜒᜇᜓ)

[ʔɐ.lɐˈhɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish alhajero (“jewelry box”), the shift in meaning due to Spanish -ero being reinterpreted as the doer suffix. By surface analysis, alahas + -ero.


akbay

act or manner of putting one's arm over another's shoulder


alambrera

[ʔɐ.lɐmˈbɾɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish alambrera (“wiring”).


alamid

[ʔɐ.lɐˈmɪd̪̚]


alangaang

[ʔɐ.lɐˈŋaː.ʔɐŋ]


luwat

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat

Ang luwat ng takbuha'y inabot ng tanghaling-tapat.

The extent of the run reached high noon.


panahon

From pan- + *tahon, with the root from Malay tahun, or presumably an older form of taon. Etymologically equivalent to pan- + taon. Compare Ilocano panawen, Pangasinan panaon, and Kapampangan panaun.

a point in time; a duration of time, while

Panahong Bakal

panahon ng ani

panahon ng Pasko

panghinaharap na panahon


panahon

cultivation of palm or coconut trees in other's land


panahon

Possibly related to Malay penaung (“patron; guardian; protector”), from naung.

cog

act of staying in someone else's home to protect them


reklamador

tl-noun

reklamadór (feminine reklamadora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

reklamadór (canonical)
reklamadora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish reclamador, possibly Philippine Spanish.

complainer; whiner (one who frequently complains)


sabongero

sabongero (feminine sabongera, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜊᜓᜅᜒᜇᜓ)

sabongera (feminine)
ᜐᜊᜓᜅᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sabungero (alternative)


kusinero

kusinero (feminine kusinera, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜐᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓ)

kusinera (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜐᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
cosinero (alternative)
kosinero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cocinero (“cook”).


kusinera

[kʊ.sɪˈn̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cocinera (“female cook”).

bor+

female equivalent of kusinero: female cook


kutsarita

[kʊt.t͡ʃɐˈɾiː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).

Alternanthera ficoidea
Wikispecies:Alternanthera ficoidea

parrot leaf (Alternanthera ficoidea, a kind of decorative plant with small reddish-green leaves and usually planted in rows)


kasilyas

Borrowed from Spanish casillas, plural of casilla (“booth”).


palakol

Possibly from Sanskrit परशु (paraśu, “axe”), according to Potet (2016).


kiyo

kiyô (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
qiyo (alternative)
quiyo (alternative)

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). Compare Hokkien 叫雞 /叫鸡 (kiò-koe, “to visit a prostitute”, literally “to call a chicken”). See also kuwekong.


binaysok

binaysók (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈᜌ᜔ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


bilot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-lut (“to twist around”).


bilot

tlb

(now dialectal, chiefly Southern Tagalog)


bilo-bilo

biló-biló (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜓᜊᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
bilobilo (alternative obsolete)
bilubilo (alternative)
bilu-bilo (alternative)

Reduplication of bilo (“act of shaping kneaded flour or rice flour into ball-shaped lumps”), which is possibly from Hokkien either:
* 米粩 (bí-láu, “confection made from rice”), according to Manuel (1948).
* 米糯 (bí lō, literally “glutinous rice”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).

rdp

glutinous rice balls (eaten with ginatan)


bilo-bilo

Reduplication of possibly either bilo (“cylindrical roll”) or Spanish velo (“veil”).


yagban

yagbán (canonical)
ᜌᜄ᜔ᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
yacban (alternative)
yakban (alternative)


balbula

bálbulá (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
barbula (alternative)


nars

Borrowed from English nurse, from Old French norrice, from Late Latin nūtrīcia, from Latin nūtrīx (“wet nurse”), from nūtriō (“to suckle”).


senyorita

tl-noun

senyorita (masculine senyorito, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆ)

senyorito (masculine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
sinyorita (alternative)
sinyurita (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish señorita, diminutive of señora.

(derogatory) lazy, young woman doing no work (may also be disobedient to elders and maltreats servants)

(archaic) young mistress; daughter of the master or mistress of a household


senyorito

senyorito (feminine senyorita, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

senyorita (feminine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
sinyorito (alternative)
sinyurito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish señorito, diminutive of señor, from Old Spanish sennor, from Latin senior, seniōrem (“elder”), comparative form of senex (“old”).

(derogatory) lazy, young man doing no work (may also be disobedient to elders and maltreats servants)

(archaic) young master; son of the master or mistress of a household


ayaw

ayaw (canonical)
ayáw (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ayao (alternative)
ayau (alternative)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *ayáw (“do not”). Cognate with Cebuano ayáw (“do not”). Compare also Javanese ꦲꦪ꧀ꦮ (aywa, “do not”) and Old Javanese haywa (“do not”).


ayaw

ᜀᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ayao (alternative)
ayau (alternative)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *áyaw (“to leave, redistribute”), from Proto-Philippine *ayáw (“depart; separate from”). Cognates with Mansaka ayaw (“to leave”) and Cebuano ayaw (“to cry (as a child) when left behind”).


ayaw

Ayaw magpaayaw sa bahay-paaralan ang bata.

The child does not want to be left behind at the school.

act of leaving something (either on purpose or accidentally)

Nakaayaw ng tungkod ang matanda.

The old person had forgotten a walking stick.


ayaw

ayáw (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ayao (alternative)
ayau (alternative)


akawntant

tl-noun

akawntant (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜀᜃᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
akauntan (alternative dated)
akauntant (alternative dated)
akawntan (alternative dated)

[ʔɐˈxaʊ̯n̪.t̪ɐn̪t̪]


kuwaderno

ᜃᜓᜏᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
kwaderno (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cuaderno (“notebook”), from Medieval Latin quaternus, from Latin quaternī (“four each”).


putla

putlâ (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
potla (alternative)


sugod

rushing forward; advancing quickly; sudden dash (in an attack, etc.)

sudden departure or leaving (to a certain place, especially due to something urgent)


buyo

→ English: buyo

→ Spanish: buyo


buyo

condition of being absorbed or engrossed (in what one is doing)


guwapa

Borrowed from Spanish guapa (“beautiful”).


mestiso

tl-noun

mestiso (feminine mestisa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜓ)

mestisa (feminine)
ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
mestizo (alternative)
mistiso (alternative)

(by extension) handsome fair-skinned male, usually of mixed Filipino and white heritage


mestisa

mestisa (masculine mestiso, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ)

mestiso (masculine)
ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
mestiza (alternative)
mistisa (alternative)

a female Filipino beauty standard, typically described as a beautiful young woman with physical traits non-native or foreign to the Philippines, especially those of Spanish heritage


dalaginding

dalagindíng (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅ᜔)

dalagindíng (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɐ.lɐ.ɣɪn̪ˈd̪ɪŋ]

From dalaginday + -ing (diminutive suffix).

(euphemistic, offensive, humorous) effeminate young man


tsinito

tsinito (feminine tsinita, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓ)

tsinita (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Tsinito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish chinito. By surface analysis, Tsino + -ito.

young boy with Chinese features (especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


tsinita

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
chinita (alternative colloquial)
Tsinita (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪iː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish chinita, or analytically from Tsina + -ita.

female equivalent of tsinito: young Chinese girl

female equivalent of tsinito: young girl with Chinese features (especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


burol

From Proto-Philippine *bulú(dj) (“mountain”) with metathesis, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulud (“mountain”) (c.f. Timugon and Tagal Murut bulur, Central Dusun nulu, and Eastern Bontoc filig), from Proto-Austronesian *buləd (“mountain”). See also Hanunoo bulod, Bikol Central bulod, Cebuano bulod, and Tausug būd.


industriya

indústriyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ)

indústriyá (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
industria (alternative)

industry (a group of businesses of the same type)

industry (businesses that produce goods as opposed to services)


talaw

Said to be borrowed from Hokkien 大要 (tāi-iàu, “essential meaning”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

first stroke of axe on wood (to test the strength or determine the point of cut)


buwang

buwáng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bouang (alternative)

overturning; capsizing (such as of boats or cauldrons)


Tita

tl-noun

Tita (masculine Tito, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜆ)

Tita Maria

(familiar) honorific used before the name of an aunt: Aunt; Auntie


diwa

diwà (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜏ (Baybayin)
diua (alternative)
riwa (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay jiwa, from Sanskrit जीव (jīvá). Doublet of bibo.


wans

Borrowed from English once, from Middle English ones, from Old English ānes. Patterned after makaisa (“to be able to deceive”, literally “to get one of something”) and maisahan (“to be able to be fooled or deceived”, literally “to potentially gotten of one of something”). See also onse (“trickery”).

fast one; fooling; duping; deception; trickery


hakot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakut, from Proto-Austronesian *SakuC. Compare Paiwan sakuc, Mansaka akot, and Malay angkut.

delivery; loading and transferring of goods


paletada

Borrowed from Spanish paletada (“trowelful; shovelful”).


hinakot

ᜑᜒᜈᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
hinacot (alternative)

From hin- + takot with nasal assimilation.


putol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putul (“to break off, cut off”), from Proto-Austronesian *putun (“to break off, cut off, as a limb”).

der

At binigyan nila siya ng isang putol na isdang inihaw.

Nonoy... halika!" malakas na tawag ni Pepe. Lumapit si Nonoy kay Pepe. Nakita niyang hawak-hawak nito ang isang putol ng kawayan. "Bakit?" "Tingnan mo ang putol na ito ng kawayan... kay tuwid!" sabi ni Pepe.

Sa ngayon, tama na muna . ang tatlo. Mula sa buto, sa putol na sanga o tangkay at sa lamang-ugat. Napag-aralan na rin ninyo ito, pero magsasanay tayo ng pagpaparami mula sa mga sangang putol o mga tangkay. Tuwirang pagtatanim ito.

year unknown, Angat Kabuhayan 4' 2008 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

2013, The Bible in Tagalog, Biblya: _ (1905), BookRix, page 367

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

...aling babae na maysangpung putol na pilak, na kung mawalan siya ng isang putol, ay hindi bagamang papaningas ng isang ilawan, at wawalisan ang bahay, at hahanaping masikap hanggang sa ito'y masumpungan niya?...

Ang baboy at atay ay magkatulad din ang putol. Magkasamang ilagay sa kaldero ang baboy at manok: Itabi ang atay. Timplahan ng asin, suka, kaunting tubig, dinikdik na bawang at pamintang durog.

year unknown, Filipino Pagbasa Sa Ating Panahon 5' 2001 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Namatay lahat ng ilaw dahil sa (pag)putol ng koryente.

All the lights went off because of the power interruption.

—“Sssttt!!” ... ang putol ni Kápitang Memò; “Ang rebólber na iyán ay akíng kilalá, kilalá ko! Alam ko na ang may arì diyan ay hindi ikáw. Bakit at ng̃ayo’y nasasa iyó? Bakit ayaw mong ibigay sa may arì? Ha? Bakit ka nakikialám sa arì ng̃ may arì? Ha? Bakit at kabatang-batà mo pa ay lubhâ kang mapanghimások?

1909, Ismael A. Amado, Bulalakaw ng Pag-asa:

—Magandáng adhika!—ang putol ni Teta— / —Datapwa't pang̃arap!—ang saglít ni Atang walang paniwala— / iyá'y mangyayari kung dito'y mawala / ang pag-aagawán, inggita't pagpula.

1911, Patricio Mariano, Ang mga Anak Dalita:


putol

an armless person; a legless or limbless animal


kaputol

a slice of a whole; a cut of a whole; a piece of a whole; a part of a whole; fragment

a link; a connection of any communication

a person one divides or splits a whole with


tenyente

ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
tinyente (alternative)
tenente (alternative)
tininte (alternative)
tininti (alternative)

[t̪ɛnˈɲɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

[t̪ɛn̪ˈjɛn̪.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish teniente, from Latin tenentem. Doublet of tininte.


tanod

ᜆᜈᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tanor (alternative obsolete)

→ Spanish: tanor
→ Chamorro: tanores

Etymology tree
Proto-Philippine *tánud
Tagalog tanod
From Proto-Philippine *tánud (“guard, sentinel; to stand guard”). Compare Kapampangan tanud, Bikol Central tanod, and Cebuano tanod.

inh

guard; sentinel; watcher; watchman; warden

tanod (lowest level of law enforcement officer in the barangay level in the Philippines)


katig

[ˈkaː.t̪ɪɡ̚]

(figurative) support; endorsement; patronage

(figurative) vote in favor of or supporting (a motion, proposal, suggestion, etc.)

(figurative) siding; taking sides with another (in a dispute)


kaedad

[kɐ.ʔɛˈd̪ad̪̚]


balintong

balintóng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano, and Maranao balintong.


balisuso

Compare with Bikol Central balisuso and Cebuano balisuso.

funnel-shaped container made of leaf or paper


balisawsaw

tl-noun

balisawsáw (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜏ᜔ᜐᜏ᜔)

balisawsáw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜏ᜔ᜐᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
balisaosao (alternative)


balinguyngoy

balinguyngóy (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜅᜓᜌ᜔ᜅᜓᜌ᜔)

balinguyngóy (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜅᜓᜌ᜔ᜅᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
baling͂oyng͂oy (alternative)

[bɐ.lɪ.ŋʊɪ̯ˈŋoɪ̯]


kabatuganan

kabatuganan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜆᜓᜄᜈᜈ᜔)


batyaw

[bɐtˈt͡ʃaʊ̯]


batutay

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 肉 (bah, “meat; pork”) + 肚 (tó͘, “tripe; stomach; belly”) + 大 (tāi, “big; large”), according to Manuel (1948). Compare hototay, goto, tito, and katay.


kisame

→ Spanish: quísame

Clipping of Spanish zaquizamí. The first syllable may have been misinterpreted as the preposition sa (“in; on; at”). Compare Cebuano kisami and Chamorro kisame.


kipangkipang

kipangkipang (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔)

ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
qipangqipang (alternative)

(obsolete) first preparatory steps in a long range or important task


tutubi

[t̪ʊ.t̪ʊˈbɪ]


kaldereta

ᜃᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
caldereta (alternative)

[kɐl.d̪ɛˈɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish caldereta (“small boiler; stew”), from caldero + -eta. The food got its name because the stew was supposed to be cooked in a kettle or in a small cauldron. However, this is not usually done nowadays.

bor+

kaldereta (goat stew from the Philippines, commonly made with vegetables and liver paste)


kulalaying

kulalayíng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜎᜌᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
colalaiyng (alternative)
colalaying (alternative)

(astronomy) blemishes on the face of the moon


esena

[ʔɛˈsɛː.n̪ɐ]


anonas

[ʔɐˈn̪oː.n̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish anonas, plural of anona, from Taíno annona.

Annona reticulata
Annona reticulata#Translingual

bullock's heart; custard apple (Annona reticulata)


agaran

[ˌʔaːˈɣaː.ɾɐn̪]


daliri

[d̪ɐˈliː.ɾɪʔ]

Borrowed from Malay jeriji. Compare Kapampangan taliri, Balinese ᬚ᭄ᬭᬶᬚᬶ (jriji), and Javanese ꦢꦿꦶꦗꦶ (driji).


gusali

[ɡʊˈsaː.lɪʔ]

Compare Old Javanese gusali (“blacksmith”). Possibly related to Sanskrit कौशल्य (kauśalya, “a kind of pavilion; prosperity; skill; wellness”), and Pali kosalla (“wellness”). See also Sanskrit गोशाला (gośālā, “cow-stall”).


hatinggabi

hátinggabí (canonical)
ᜑᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
hatinggab-i (alternative)
hating gab-i (alternative)
hating gabi (alternative nonstandard)

[ˌhaː.t̪ɪŋ.ɡɐˈbɪ]

[ˌhaː.t̪ɪŋ.ɡɐˈbɛ]


kulangot

ᜃᜓᜎᜅᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colang̃ot (alternative)

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kulangot

From Proto-Philippine *kulaŋut. Compare Maranao kalongat.


puwit

puwít (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
pouit (alternative)
poyet (alternative)
poyit (alternative)
puit (alternative)
puwet (alternative colloquial)
puyit (alternative obsolete)
puyet (alternative obsolete)
pwit (alternative)
pwet (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puət. Compare Maranao powit.

Sa puwit ko, nagkakape.

(figurative) bottom part of any container


utong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *utuŋ (“extremity; tip”).


pusod

ᜉᜓᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
posor (alternative)
pusor (alternative)


pusod

pusód (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
posor (alternative)
pusor (alternative)

→? Spanish: posó

bun (tight roll of hair worn at the back of the head)


tiyan

tiyán (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tian (alternative obsolete)
tiyang (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *tian (compare Ilocano tian, Kapampangan atian, Tausug tiyan, and West Albay Bikol tuyan), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian (compare Malay tian (“uterus”) and Maori tia), from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN (compare Amis tiyad). Compare also Hokkien 腸 /肠 (tn̂g, “intestines”).


tiyani

tiyanì (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜌᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
chani (alternative colloquial)
chane (alternative colloquial)
tiani (alternative)
tiane (alternative)
tiyane (alternative)
tsani (alternative)
tsane (alternative)
tyani (alternative)
tyane (alternative)

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɪʔ]

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɛʔ]

Borrowed from Hokkien 摘夾 /摘夹 (tiah-ní / tiah-ngeeh, “pincers; nippers”). Compare Ilocano tiani. The slang sense refers to how careful and little a stingy person gets money from the wallet.

bor+

tweezers; pincers (for plucking hair or handling little objects)


toyo

toyò (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
tuyo (alternative)
tawyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆油 (tāu-iû, “soy sauce”, literally “bean oil”). Compare Bikol Central tawyo and Malay tauyu.

(slang) neediness and emotional immaturity (in a romantic relationship, especially of a woman)


hikaw

ᜑᜒᜃᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
hicao (alternative)
hikao (alternative obsolete)
hekaw (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Hokkien 耳鉤 /耳钩 (hǐ-kau, “earring”). Compare Bikol Central hikaw.


pagkain

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pagcain (alternative)

[pɐɡˈkaː.ʔɪn̪]

[pɐɡˈkaː.ʔɛn̪]

From pag- + kain. Compare Cebuano pagkaon.


sahig

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saləʀ. Compare Aklanon saeog, Bikol Central salog, Cebuano salog, Hiligaynon salug, Nias salo, Toraja-Sa'dan sali, and Waray-Waray salog.


pangatnig

pangatníg (canonical)
ᜉᜅᜆ᜔ᜈᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
pnt. (alternative abbreviation)

[pɐ.ŋɐt̪ˈn̪ɪɡ̚]


panghalip

panghalíp (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜑᜎᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
pnh. (alternative abbreviation)

From pang- + halip. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa.


pang-abay

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
pnb. (alternative abbreviation)

[pɐŋˈʔaː.baɪ̯]

From pang- + abay. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language).


pisngi

From Proto-Philippine *pis(ə)ŋí (“cheeks”).


dibdib

dibdíb (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)
ribrib (alternative)

[d̪ɪbˈd̪ɪb̚]

[d̪ɪbˈd̪ɛb̚]

From Proto-Austronesian *dəbdəb. Compare Northern Catanduanes Bicolano dubdob, Brooke's Point Palawano debdeb, Maranao rareb, Maguindanao ladeb /laleb, and Pazeh zebezep.


katawan

katawán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
cataoan (alternative)
catao-an (alternative)
catauan (alternative)
catau-an (alternative)
kataw-an (alternative)

From earlier kataw-an, from Southern Luzon axis *katawʔan (“body”). Likely a syncopic form of *katawuan, from a root equivalent to Tagalog tao (“human; person”); thus equivalent to tawo + ka- -an. Not directly from Tagalog as Tagalog tawo, older variant of tao, does not end with a glottal stop. This may not be true in the past. Compare Kapampangan katauan and Remontado Agta kataw-an. See also katauhan.


paruparo

paruparó (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜓᜉᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
paparo (alternative)
paroparo (alternative proscribed)
paro paro (alternative proscribed)
paro-paro (alternative proscribed)
paru-paro (alternative proscribed)

From a reduplication of paparo, which some theorize as a contraction of Spanish papalote, from Classical Nahuatl papalotl (“butterfly”). Compare aliparo.


langil

(obsolete) tree whose bark is used as a substitute for gugo as a local shampoo


balakubak

ᜊᜎᜃᜓᜊᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
balacobac (alternative)
balacubac (alternative)

KUNG MINSAN AN6 BALAKUBAK ANG SANHI NG PANLULUGON NG BUHOK. MADALING NAPARAWI ANG BALAKUBAK SA PAMAMAGITAN NG KATIALIS. IPINAGBIBILI SA MGA BOTIKA О SA LABORATORYO LOCRE. Sflr ti MAYON ST. , ...

FOFONGGAY (iiyak; tatawa) DAKILANG EKSTRA 1 O, baka naman may balakubak siya? (susuriin ang buhok ni Fofonggay) Tumpak! Marami siyang balakubak sa ulo kaya siya naging baliw. (hawak ang isang siyampu) Gagamitin natin ang ...

2000, Rey Edrozo De la Cruz, Mag Cruz Hatol, Tatlong manyika hanggang sa Pulburon: mga dula tungkol sa paglikha, pagkain at kahit anuman:


sikmura

tl-noun

sikmurà or sikmura (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ)

sikmurà (canonical)
sikmura (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
casmora (alternative)
sacmora (alternative)
sicmora (alternative)
sicmura (alternative)
kasmura (alternative obsolete)
sakmura (alternative obsolete)

(figurative) act of bearing or stomaching something


pagkasilag

pagkasilag (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜐᜒᜎᜄ᜔)


melokoton

melokotón (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

melokotón (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
milokoton (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish melocotón (“peach”), from Latin mālum cotōnĭum (“quince”), with influence from Spanish melón.


manugang

ᜋᜈᜓᜄᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
manogang (alternative)

[mɐˈn̪uː.ɣɐŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ma-nuʀaŋ (“affinal relative”). By surface analysis, man- + *tugang. Compare Ilocano manugang, Botolan Sambal manoyang, Kapampangan manuyang, Cuyunon manugang, and Western Bukidnon Manobo enugang.


pating

From Proto-Central Philippine *patíŋ (“shark”). Compare Pangasinan pating, Kapampangan pating, Bikol Central pating, Aklanon pating, Cebuano pating, Waray-Waray pating, and
Malay patin (“Shark Catfish: Pangasiidae.”).


tungkulin

tl-noun

tungkulin (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tunkulin (alternative obsolete)

[t̪ʊŋ.kʊˈlɪn̪]


dupil

(figurative) reinforcement; support; brace


sinulid

ᜐᜒᜈᜓᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
sinulir (alternative)

From sulid + -in-. Compare Ilocano sinulid and Kapampangan sinulad.

thread (long, thin and flexible form of material)


karayom

ᜃᜇᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
carayom (alternative)
krayom (alternative)

Borrowed from Kapampangan karayum, from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum. Compare Ilocano dagum, Cebuano dagom, Maranao ragom, Maguindanao ragum, Tausug jawm, and Malay jarum. Doublet of paraluman.


pangngalan

ᜉᜅ᜔ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
png. (alternative abbreviation)

[pɐŋˈŋaː.lɐn̪]

From pang- + ngalan. Coined by Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa.


tuldok

tuldók (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜎ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
toldoc (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tul(ə)dək (“mark made with fingertip”). Compare tudlik, tuldik, and Ilocano tuldek. See also Cebuano tudlok.


hitsura

[hɪtˈt͡ʃuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish hechura, the presence of an /h/ initial may indicate a late borrowing.


itsura

ᜁᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
hitsura (alternative common)

[ʔɪtˈt͡ʃuː.ɾɐ]

[ʔɪt̪ˈsuː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish hechura, from Latin factūra. Compare Hanunoo istuda. Doublet of paktura.


sugarol

sugaról (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜄᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sugadol (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugador (“player”). Doublet of hugador.


madyong

Borrowed from English mahjong, from Mandarin 麻將／麻将 (májiàng).

zh-l

麻將／麻将 (májiàng)


panday

[pɐn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]

Borrowed from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पाण्ड्यः (pāṇḍyaḥ, “learned; wise”). Compare Kapampangan pande.


kwenta

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwenta.


ihap

attention focused on something heard or read (for better or deeper understanding)


wakaak

isolation; abandonment (to the mercy of the element or one's fate)


pagkawakaak

tl-noun

pagkawakaak (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜏᜃᜀᜃ᜔)


witwit

witwít (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
uituit (alternative)

[wɪt̪ˈwɪt̪̚]

bending and moving of the finger to call someone's attention

shaking of the index finger at someone as a warning or a threat

(obsolete) act of stirring the fire brought in one's hand at night


wisit

wisit or wisít (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔)

wisit (canonical)
wisít (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien 衣食 (ui-si̍t, “luck; boon; blessing; good omen”, literally “clothes & food”).


webera

Borrowed from Spanish huevera (“eggcup”).


wigwig

sprinkling of water (on clothes before and during ironing)


walidwid

walidwíd (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ualiduid (alternative)


walawad

signals made with lamps, lights, torches, etc.


wadwad

wadwád (canonical)
ᜏᜇ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
uaruar (alternative)

act of shaking something vigorously or angrily while being held with the mouth (with the intention of tearing it to pieces)


wakya

wakyâ (canonical)
ᜏᜃ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
uacya (alternative)
uagquia (alternative)
wagya (alternative)

Possibly Chinese, according to Santos (1978).


walwal

condition of being neglected (of tools, machinery, or materials exposed to the elements)


walna

walnâ (canonical)
ᜏᜎ᜔ᜈ (Baybayin)
ualna (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit वर्ण (várṇa, “colour, tint, dye, pigment, appearance, aspect”). Compare Maranao warna, Tausug walna', Malay warna, and English varna.


wating

temporary dimness or blurriness of sight (as when a person is dizzy or has hurt eyes)


waray

condition of being dilapidated or fallen into disrepair


waklas

act or manner of ripping something in order to open


wingkag

act of opening forcibly by prying with a lever or bar (of a lock)

shaky movement (as of a cart having loose wheels)


waang

big hole or opening (as in a stone wall)


wagwag

From Proto-Philippine *wagwág (“shake something vigorously (as a sack to remove the contents)”). The sense “clothes bought” is a semantic loan from Ilocano wagwag.

inh

act of shaking something to rid it of things clinging on it (especially water, dust, etc.)

Mga wagwag lang 'tong mga damit ko.

These clothes of mine are bought at a wagwagan.

(colloquial) clothes bought at a wagwagan


wagwag

From Proto-Philippine *wagwág (“rice variety”).


waldas

Uncertain. Compare Spanish guardas (“you save, clean, put away”).

noncog

squandering; wasteful or extravagant expenditure, malversation or misappropriation of funds


wagi

wagî (canonical)
wagí (canonical)
ᜏᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
uagui (alternative)


wagaywayan

simultaneous waving (as of flags in the air)


ostiya

óstiyá (canonical)
ᜂᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ostya (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish hostia, from Ecclesiastical Latin hostia.

(Catholicism) communion wafer; host (consecrated bread of the Eucharist)


wagayway

[wɐ.ɣaɪ̯ˈwaɪ̯]

waving motion (of the hand or something handheld)


purgatoryo

tl-noun

purgatoryo (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜄᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
polgatorio (alternative)
pulgatoryo (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish purgatorio (“purgatory”), from Late Latin pūrgātōrium (“cleansing”).


walingwaling

tl-noun

wálingwáling (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

wálingwáling (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
waling-waling (alternative)
waling waling (alternative)

waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana); an orchid endemic to Mindanao


waliwali

wáliwáli (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜏᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
ualiuali (alternative)

expectancy of closeness of the time of delivery of a pregnant woman

defective eyesight caused by extreme exhaustion or hunger


waliswis

waliswís (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ualisuis (alternative)

the movement and the swishing sound of the tops of bamboos and trees in the wind


tilap

large gathering of people; multitude; army


palit

From Proto-Philippine *palit. Cognate with Cebuano palit (“to buy”).


pagwawaliwali

pagwawáliwáli (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜏᜎᜒᜏᜎᜒ)

pagwawáliwáli (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜏᜎᜒᜏᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


pagwitwit

pagwitwít (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔)

pagwitwít (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.wɪt̪ˈwɪt̪̚]

manner of shaking of the index finger at someone as a warning or a threat

manner of bending and moving of the finger to call someone's attention


wisik

wisík (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
uisic (alternative)

Compare Pangasinan walsik and Tagalog talsik.

act of sprinkling water or liquid (especially with one's fingers)

tiny drop of water or liquid sprinkled (especially with one's fingers)


pagwiwisik

pagwiwisík (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜏᜒᜐᜒᜃ᜔)

pagwiwisík (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜏᜒᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + wisik with initial reduplication.


windang

windáng (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
uindang (alternative)


wiliwid

ᜏᜒᜎᜒᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
uiliuir (alternative)

awry or slanting position (as of a window frame, mouth, etc.)

wriggling from one's handhold in an effort to escape (of a fish, eel, etc.)


yangot

yangot or yangót (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜅᜓᜆ᜔)

yangot (canonical)
yangót (canonical)
ᜌᜅᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


yangot

impoverishment; abasement; lowering of status


wiklas

wiklás (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
uiclas (alternative)

act of pulling apart something by force (of a pocket, lock, etc.)

condition of being forcibly torn off or opened by force


ut-ot

[ʔʊt̪ˈʔot̪̚]


hitso

hitsó (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
itso (alternative)

betel nut and betel leaf wrap chewed with lime (may include chewing tobacco)

(pyrotechnics) a kind of rectangular firecracker


mam-in

mam-ín (canonical)
ᜋᜋ᜔ᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
mamain (alternative uncommon)
mamin (alternative uncommon)

From syncopic form of mamain, from mama + -in.

combination of betel nut, chewing tobacco, and a little lime wrapped in a betel leaf prepared for chewing


ikmo

ikmó (canonical)
ᜁᜃ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
itmo (alternative)
icmo (alternative)


wiswis

a species of grasshopper that produces a characteristic chirping or swishing sound


wagiswis

wagiswís (canonical)
ᜏᜄᜒᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


kapuluan

kapuluán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜓᜎᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

suliranin ang komunikasyon. (Salamat at hindi itinuro ng mga Kastila sa buong kapuluan ang kanilang wika at sila ang nagsipag-aral ng katutubong wika upang mapalaganap ang Kristiyanismo sa kapuluan, kung namayani ang wika nila ...

year unknown, Panitikan Sa Pilipinas'2001 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc.

... communication is a problem. (Thanks, and the Spaniards did not taught their language to the whole archipelago and they studied the native languages themselves to spread Christianity in the archipelago, if their language prevailed...

Bagama't opisyal na ipinagbawal sa simula pa lamang ang pagpapakilala at paggamit ng relihiyon sa mga publikong paaralan sa kapuluan (makikita sa Batas Blg. 74, Sek. 16, noong 1901), masasabing naging bahagi ng di-opisyal na ...

2007, Kolonyal na patakaran at ang nagbabagong kamalayang Filipino: musika sa publikong paaralan sa Pilipinas, 1898-1935, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 2:

Walang anomang mabuti, sang-ayon sa may-akda, na dinala rito ang Espanya, o napakalaki ang naging kapalit para sa kapuluan ng nlang kasangkapan ng sibilisasyon na natutuhan nilang gamitin, na libong beses na higit na magaling ang ...

1991, José Rizal, Patricia Melendrez- Cruz, Apolonio Bayani Chua, Himalay: Kalipunan ng mga pag-aaral kay José Rizal, →ISBN:


lilom

shade; shaded place (especially when the sun is covered by clouds)


manlililok

manlililok (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔)

ᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜒᜎᜒᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From man- + lilok with partial reduplication.


limay

puddle of water left on the foreshore (due to low tide or a receding shoreline)


lipunan

meeting; group (especially gathered for conversation)


angaw

angáw (canonical)
ᜀᜅᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ang̃ao (alternative)


tataw

hazy understanding or comprehension of something heard


pakikitungong-tao

pakikitungong-tao (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜓᜅ᜔ᜆᜂ)

ᜉᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜓᜅ᜔ᜆᜂ (Baybayin)


mulinyari

mulinyarì (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[mʊ.lɪnˈɲaː.ɾɪʔ]

From muli (“muli”) + yari (“manufacture”).


mulinsigla

mulinsiglá (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

mulinsiglá (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


kalawang

kalawang ng ngipin


lalamunan

ᜎᜎᜋᜓᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lalamonan (alternative)

From lamon + -an, from an initial reduplication of lamon.


lansangan

From lansang + -an. Compare Kapampangan lansangan.


kayumanggi

kayumanggí (canonical)
ᜃᜌᜓᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
cayomangi (alternative)
cayomangui (alternative)
kayumangi (alternative obsolete)

[kɐ.jʊ.mɐŋˈɡɪ]

May be related to Malay kayu (“wood”) (or its cognates from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw, cf. kahoy), which may refer to its color. Compare Malay kayu manis (“cinnamon”) and Malay manggi-manggi (“mangrove tree (Rhizophora mucronata”). See also Portuguese mangue (“mangrove”).


kikig

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). See also Ilocano kikir, Pangasinan kilkil, Tausug kigkig, and Malay kikir.

act of cleaning the inner ear cavity by twirling the end of a feather or earbud inside (to sweep off pieces of earwax pried loose previously as a final step in the cleaning process)

final act of the male animal upon reaching climax during copulation (especially chicken)


suntok

suntók (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
sontoc (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *suntuk. Compare Tausug suntuk.


pagwawasak

From pag- + wasak with partial reduplication of the root.


yatab

small, short hand-sickle for cutting rice stalks to harvest rice (usually used by women)


yantok

yantók (canonical)
ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
yantoc (alternative)

Yantok ang ginagamit sa paggawa ng mesa.

long stem of rattan, usually made into canes, sticks, and furniture (such as chairs, tables, etc.)

strips of rattan, usually used for tying and for wickerwork


yangasngas

yangasngás (canonical)
ᜌᜅᜐ᜔ᜅᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ngayasngas (alternative)


yamutmot

yamutmót (canonical)
ᜌᜋᜓᜆ᜔ᜋᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
yamotmot (alternative)

rubbish; refuse (especially of the adhering kind)

loose, frayed ends of thread or fibers (especially due to overuse)


gipalpal

gipalpál (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜉᜎ᜔ᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

thickened and hardened dirt (on clothes, skin, or other surfaces)

condition of being thickened and hardened (of dirt on a surface)


bartolina

ᜊᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
bartulina (alternative)


bantayog

Either from a blend of bantay + matayog or from a contraction of aba ang tayog, coined in the early 20th century by Jose N. Sevilla.


gulay

Possibly inherited from Proto-Philippine *gúlay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gulay; or from Brunei Malay gulai, ultimately from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “tender leaf; sprout; shoot; to become soft; pulpy; as well-cooked”). Compare Kapampangan gule, Bikol Central gulay, and Masbatenyo gulay. See also Chamorro gollai.
Sense “very weak due to disease” is from parang gulay ang katawan. See also English vegetative.

der

(Southern Tagalog) vegetable stew, usually in coconut milk


pakwan

pakwán (canonical)
ᜉᜃ᜔ᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pacuan (alternative)
pacquan (alternative)
paquan (alternative)
pakuwan (alternative dated)

ncog

Cantonese 白瓜 (baak⁶ gwaa¹, “Oriental pickling melon”)


panitikan

pánitikán (canonical)
ᜉᜈᜒᜆᜒᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


baging

ᜊᜄᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
baguin (alternative)
baguing (alternative)
bagin (alternative)

From earlier bagin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaʀən (“vine”) with elision of /l/. Compare Aklanon baeagon, Cebuano balagon, Hiligaynon balagon, Western Bukidnon Manobo belagen, Maranao balagen, Maguindanao balagen, and Tausug bāgun.


kulay

ᜃᜓᜎᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
colay (alternative)
culay (alternative)

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuray (“veining pattern on wood or other material”). Compare Kapampangan kule (“color”), Maranao koray (“patterns or whorl of grains in wood”), and Malay kurai (“veining; strip-marking on kris blades”).

cog

tunay na kulay

pagpasok ng mga kulay

(obsolete) multicolored lines on clothes or stones

(obsolete) act of dividing the iron from steel


pilay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pilay, from Proto-Austronesian *piNay (“lame, crippled”). Compare Malay pirai (“rheumatic”).


duwag

duwág (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜏᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
douag (alternative)
duag (alternative obsolete)
ruag (alternative)
ruwag (alternative)

Compare Casiguran Dumagat Agta duhag, Bikol Central dulag.

Duwag ka! - Ikaw ang sarado! Ikaw ang palpak! Wala kang pakialam sa mga kalipi mo. Hudas! Mga kasamahan mo pa man din ang ipapahamak mo. Nakakahiya ka! Itinatakwil kita, hindi na kita kinikilala. Layas! Mabulok ka riyan, duwag!

year unknown, Kawil I' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 322

Pagka ganito ang pagmamatuwid ng iba sa kanilang pag-urong sa pagtupad ng kanilang tungkulin, ay nagpapakilalang ito'y mga duwag. Sa ano duwag? Hindi sa away, kung hindi sa paninindigan. Ano ba ang gagawin ng Diyos sa mga ...

Sintagal ng panahong nasasaloob niya ang paghahangad na maipakita kina Betong na siya'y hindi duwag, na siya'y matapang! "Duwag!" Parang naririnig pa ni Titong ang kantiyaw na iyon sa kaniya nina Betong. Noon ay inaaya siya ng ...

Iyang mga taong duwag na ang puso'y mahihina, umibig man ay ano pa, di pag-ibig, kundi awa! Kailangan sa pag-ibig ay hirap at mga luha, at ang duwag ay malayong sa pag-ibig dumakila! Ang pag-ibig ay may mata, ang pag-ibig ay di bulag!

2003, Paz M. Belvez, Pamana (sining Ng Pagkukwento at Pagbigkas Ng Tula)' 2003 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 88:

“Gusto mo bang ipakita sa mamamatay-tao na iyon na isa ka palang duwag?!” Natigilan na naman si Vladimiro nang marinig niya ang salitang “duwag” mula sa bibig ni Pancho. Naalala niyang bigla ang madalas na pananakit sa kanya ng ...

2018, Kirsten Nimwey, Bullet With A Name (Tagalog Edition), Kirsten Nimwey, →ISBN:


lipit

rim of basket tightly wound in rattan or reed


umay

ncog

Bikol Central húmay (“to prepare a dish eaten on festive occasions in which seasoned meat or fish and rice are cooked in a segment of bamboo”)

Central Melanau umai (“Umai, Melanau raw fish salad”)

surfeit by overeating or monotony of food (especially sweet or fatty food)


puyupoy

wagging of an animal's tail; wagging motion


kagandahang-loob

tl-noun

kagandahang-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜑᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

kagandahang-loób (canonical)
ᜃᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜑᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From kagandahan (“beautifulness; niceness”) + -g- + loob (“will; intention”).


panaguri

[pɐ.n̪ɐ.ɣʊˈɾɪʔ]


lalagukan

tl-noun

lalagukan or lalagukán (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜎᜄᜓᜃᜈ᜔)

lalagukan (canonical)
lalagukán (canonical)
ᜎᜎᜄᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From lagok + -an, from an initial reduplication of lagok.


bisiyesto

bisiyesto (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
bisisto (alternative obsolete)
bisyesto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bisiesto, from Old Spanish bissiesto, from Latin bisextus (“intercalary day”). Doublet of bisisto.


tumba-tumba

tumbá-tumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)

tumbá-tumbá (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)
tumbatumba (alternative)


oyayi

oyayì (canonical)
oyayi (canonical)
ᜂᜌᜌᜒ (Baybayin)
uyayi (alternative)
oyaye (alternative)


lowat

lowát (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
loat (alternative obsolete)
luat (alternative)
luwat (alternative)

Noong nakita ko siya, mayroon nga lang siyang lowat.


talak

talking in a fast, loud voice (rapidly and continuously)

tsking (sound and act, usually as a sign of disapproval)


saluyot

ᜐᜎᜓᜌᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
saluyut (alternative)

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual


baro't saya

baro't saya (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜓᜆ᜔ ᜐᜌ)

ᜊᜇᜓᜆ᜔ ᜐᜌ (Baybayin)
baro at saya (alternative)

From baro + 't + saya, literally “upper garment and skirt”.

compound

baro't saya (traditional dress ensemble worn by women in the Philippines)


pasensya

[pɐˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of pasensiya.


kalakpan

Syncopic form of kalakipan, from lakip + ka- -an.

box for keeping betel pepper (or buyo) in


ibay

giddiness or intoxication caused by overchewing betel nut (said to be a mild poisoning from strychnine content)


ahiya

áhiyá (canonical)
ᜀᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ahia (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿兄 (á-hiaⁿ, “eldest brother”).

bor+

Ano nga ulit sabi sa iyo ng ahiya mo?

What did your big brother tell you again?

Halos mahibang si Fely sa pag-ibig kay A Chuan. Madalas niya akong kuwentuhan ng tungkol sa relasyon nila ni Ahia. Wala siyang ipinaglihim sa akin. Isang pambihirang lalaki ang ahia ko, aniya, matapang na'y maginoo pa. Guwapo rin ako, aniya, kamukha ni Ahia. Alam kong sa pagpuri niya sa aki'y pinupuri rin niya ang lalaking iniibig.

2007, Bai Ren, edited by Joaquin Sy, Lagalag sa Nanyang: (Nanyang Piaoliuji), Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Press, page 157:

Fely almost got crazy with love for A Chuan. She frequently tells stories about their relationship with Big Brother. She held no secrets from me. My big brother is one extraordinary guy, and according to her, brave and noble too. I am handsome too, a lookalike of my big brother, she said. I know that her compliments to me also compliments her beloved guy as well.

elder brother; big brother; eldest brother

Ano nga ulit sabi sa iyo ni Ahiya?

"OMG, Achi! Tinawagan ka ni Ahia Dustin?!" Natigilan ako. "Sshhhh!" suway noong isa. "Oooops!" At humagikhik naman 'yong isa. Nagpasimpleng tumingin naman ako sa likod ko kung nasaaan sila at nakita ko namang nag-ngingitian na mukhang sira iyong dalawang 'yon habang nagbubulungan pa.

2019, STUPIDLYINLOVE, Bitter Casanova, Mandaluyong: Summit Publishing Co., Inc., page 18:

"OMG, Big Sister! Big Brother Dustin called you?!" I was silenced. "Sshhhh!", hush by one. "Oooops!"and the other one giggled. I then subtly looked over my back on where they were and I saw those two smiling looking stupid while also whispering.

Pagkaraang maiabot ko kay Ahia ang tiket at diyaryo, naisipan ko na ring tumingin sa numero at sa halagang nakalimbag. Ang dalawang matanda ay nakibasa na rin.

1997, Teresita Ang See, Caroline Sy-Hau, Joaquin Sy, Voices ; Mga Tinig, Manila: Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, page 156:

After I was able to hand the ticket and newspaper to my Big Brother, I thought as well to look at the numbers and the values printed. The two old people read with me as well.

term of address for one's elder brother or eldest brother

Ahiya, paano po ba ito?

(informal) term of address for a male senior (usually within the Chinese Filipino community)


swerte

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of suwerte.


eskala

scale; proportion (ratio of depicted distance to actual distance)

scale (line or bar used to indicate measurement on rules and instruments)

stop (in an itinerary, especially of a sea vessel)


iyon

iyón (canonical)
ᜁᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
ion (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish ion, from English ion, from Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión).

ion (atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge)


opisina

Borrowed from Spanish oficina, from Latin officīna (“workshop”), from opificium (“action of working”), from opifex (“laborer, worker”).


bolador

boladór (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bulador (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish volador, from Late Latin volātor.


alkatsopas

tl-noun

alkatsopas (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜉᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
alkatsopa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish alcachofas, plural of alcachofa (“artichoke”), ultimately from Arabic الخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf, “artichoke”).


tambol

Borrowed from Spanish tambor, from Andalusian Arabic تابول (ṭabbūl), hypocorism/diminutive of Arabic طُنْبُور (ṭunbūr).

(construction) covering to hide eyesore plumbing (made of plywood or gypsum)


palatugtugan

tl-noun

palatugtugan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

art and practice of playing musical instruments


talaawitan

taláawítan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜏᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.ʔɐˈwiː.t̪ɐn̪]


talatugtugan

talátugtúgan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔)

talátugtúgan (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜆᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˌlaː.t̪ʊɡˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]


karosa

Borrowed from Spanish carroza, from Italian carrozza.


apahap

Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer#Translingual


apalit

[ʔɐˈpaː.lɪt̪̚]


medyor

[ˈmɛː.d͡ʒoɾ]


himagas

From him- + pagas (“to diminish; to ebb”), possibly originally to get rid of bad taste.


himanting

himantíng (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[hɪ.mɐn̪ˈt̪ɪŋ]

act of scraping off small branches, nodules, etc. (from a bamboo, branch of a tree, etc.)

sudden feeling of anger due to an insult or imputation directed to oneself


gasela

Borrowed from Spanish gacela (“gazelle”).


dunggot

[d̪ʊŋˈɡot̪̚]

peak; tip; point; extremity of a protrusion


durungawan

tl-noun

durungawan or dúrungawán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜅᜏᜈ᜔)

durungawan (canonical)
dúrungawán (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜅᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
dorong̃auan (alternative)
durung̃avan (alternative)
dudungawan (alternative)

[d̪ʊ.ɾʊˈŋaː.wɐn̪]

[ˌd̪uː.ɾʊ.ŋɐˈwan̪]

From dungaw + -an, from an initial reduplication of dungaw with allophonic lenition of /d/ to /ɾ/ between vowels.

lookout point provided with railing or window-like structure


kulasim

condition of being somewhat sour or rancid (especially food that has started to ferment or overripe fruit)


kulos

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kərus (“rustling sound, as of leaves in wind”).

inh

rustle; rustling sound (as of dry leaves being crushed, stepped on, etc.)