o

Borrowed from Spanish o (“or”), from Latin aut.

Sasama ka ba o dito ka lang?

Are you coming along or will you just be here?


at

Compare Pangasinan ta (“because”) and tan (“and”), and Remontado Agta at (“and; because”).

Bilisan mo at ako'y aalis na.


ke

ke ganto


ta

Borrowed from Ilocano ta, from Proto-Philippine *taq (“because”).

Nag-jeep ako ta wala nang taxi.

I rode a jeep because there wasn't any taxi anymore.


ni

Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”), from Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque.

Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo.

Ni aso ni pusa.


ergo

Simple lang ang kanilang pinanghahawakan: ang daigdig ng mga materya ay sa demonyo, ang daigdig ng espiritu ang sa Diyos. Ergo, iwasan ang daigdig ng materya.

What they uphold is simple: the material world is for the Devil, the spiritual world is God's. Ergo, avoid the material world.

Ang isang dahilan, magulo kasi tayo. Hindi magkaisa; puro kudeta at rebelyon. Ergo, ang kailangan nati'y isang diwang magbibigkis sa atin.

1998, Virgilio S. Almario, Kalahating siglo sa ibabaw ng mundo at mga kataka-takang: alaala't engkuwentro, →ISBN, page 93:

One reason is that we are disorderly. We can't unite; we are always on coup d'état and rebellion. Ergo, what we need is a consciousness that unites us.

Ergo, ang paglikha ng kaalaman ay may dalawang daan

2017, Jubert Cabrezos, Naturalismo, AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

Therefore, there are two ways for the creation of knowledge

Ergo, wala rin silang kita.

2020 April 27, Baby E, “Performers ng comedy bar umaaray na, Noel Cabangon humihingi na rin ng tulong”, in Pang-Masa - Palaban, Maaasahan (Philstar.com):


para

Para makapasok sa eskuwelahan, kailangan mo ng valid ID.

In order to be able to go inside the school, you need a valid ID.


nang

Natutulog na ang mga bata nang dumating kami.

The children were already sleeping when we came.

when, at the time of (referring to past events)

Bilisan mo nang makahabol ka pa!


basta

bastá (canonical)
basta (canonical)
ᜊᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Kahit mahirap, basta't masipag, ay aasenso.

Even in poverty, as long as one is hardworking, one's lifestyle will improve.


pati

From Proto-Philippine *pati (“also, including”).


kaya

Marami siyang ginawang trabaho, kaya pag-uwi niya'y nakatulog siya agad.

He'd done a lot of work, so as soon as he got home, he fell asleep instantly.


kasi

kasí (canonical)
kasî (canonical)
ᜃᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

Compare Paiwan kasi- (“from”), Cebuano kay (“because”).


kung

From Proto-Central Philippine *kuN (“if”). Compare Bikol Central kun and Cebuano kon.

Kung pupunta ka, sasama ako.

Si Pedro kung si Juan.

Kung ikaw at kung sino ang paroroon?

If you and/or someone else would be going?

May naaalaman ka bagang anumang tungkol sa pag-aanito, kung sa asal ng mga mangkukulam, kung manggagaway?

Do you know anything about idolatry, or the customs of the witches, or as well as sorcery?


dahil

From a metathesis of Malay dalih (“reason; excuse”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dalih (“be the reason for an action”).


maski

From an ellipsis of Spanish por más que (“however much; even though”, literally “for more than”). Compare Macanese masqui, Portuguese por mais que, Malay & Indonesian meski.


kc

From K, pronounced as ka + similarly pronounced English C.


kesa

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


yaman

Compare Bikol Central yaman and Masbatenyo yaman.


kaso

Hinihintay nga kitang magpunta sa beach para manggulo kaso hindi ka naman lumapit.

1996, Isagani R. Cruz, Elyria C. Bernardino, Creative economists, page 108:

I was waiting for you to go to the beach to cause a ruckus but you didn't come.


kulob

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulub (“to slow cook in a tightly covered vessel”). Compare Sundanese ᮊᮥᮜᮥᮘ᮪ (kulub) and Javanese ꦔꦸꦭꦸꦧ꧀ (ngulub).


sukdan

Possibly a syncopic form. Compare Kapampangan sukad (“measure”), Cebuano sukod (“measure”), and Maranao sokod (“fit; adjust; measure”).

even; even if; although; even though; notwithstanding


miyentras

tl-head

miyentras (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Miyentras nagtatrabaho si Juan, umaawit siya.


samantala

Borrowed from Malay sementara, from Sanskrit समान्तर (samāntara, “parallel; interval of a year”).


bagamat

From bagama't, contraction of bagaman + at.


baka-sakali

bakâ-sakalì (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜐᜃᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Magdadala na ako ng payong, at baka-sakaling umulan

I'll bring an umbrella, in case it will rain.


palibhasa

palibhasà (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜑᜐ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Sanskrit परि- (pari-) + भाषा (bhāṣā). Compare Kapampangan pablasa, Tausug pulibahasa, Malay peribahasa, and Hindi परिभाषा (paribhāṣā, “definition”).

Palibhasa at hindi nila pera kaya wala silang pakialam sa magagastos.

Since it's not their money, they don't care about the expenses.

Palibhasa't kasamahan mo siya kaya pinagbigyan mo.

Since he was your colleague, you gave him permission.

Nagkakasiyahan sila ngayon, palibhasa hindi nila ramdam ang kahirapan.

They are enjoying themselves now because they don't feel the poverty.

Palibhasa sa lalaki, imposibleng mangyari sa kanila iyon..

Because [of the fact that] they are men, it was impossible for it to happen to them.


ngunit

[ˈŋuː.n̪ɪt̪̚]


kaipala

From univerbation of baka + ipala, literally “maybe it could be granted”. Possibly also from kay + pala, literally “how granting”.


kaysa

Mas maganda ako kaysa sa'yo.


subalit

From subali't, contraction of subali + at.


bagaman

From baga (“interrogative particle”) + man.


kapag

Kapag pupunta ka, sasama ako.


kapagka

Kapagka dumating na, sasama ako.

If it arrives already, I will come with.


pagka

Pagka nandyan na sila, sasama ako.

If they are there already, I will come with.


gayunman

gayunmán (canonical)
ᜄᜌᜓᜈ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


at saka

[ʔɐt̪ sɐˈxaʔ]


upang

From upa + -ng, the root of which is from Sanskrit उप (upa).

Tumakbo ako upang makaabot sa kanila.


sapagkat

From sapagka + at, where sapagka itself is from sa- + pagka.


sapagka

(archaic) because; since; for the reason that


alalaong baga

tl-head

alalaóng bagá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜎᜂᜅ᜔ ᜊᜄ)

alalaóng bagá (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎᜂᜅ᜔ ᜊᜄ (Baybayin)


kailanman

kailanmán (canonical)
ᜃᜁᜎᜈ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Dalawin mo ako kailanmang gusto mo.


baka sakali

bakâ sakalì (canonical)
ᜊᜃ ᜐᜃᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


kundangan

[kʊn̪ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


sayaong

From sa yaon + -g, literally “at the distant [time] when […] ”.

af

Sayaong magkatawang-tao ang ating panginoong Hesukristo, guminhawa ang sanlibutan.

Ever since our Lord Jesus Christ manifested in the flesh, the universe prospered.