abay

From Proto-Central Philippine *abay, from Proto-Philippine *abay. Compare Bikol Central abay, Cebuano abay, and Kapampangan abe.


abdominal

tl-adj

abdominál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔)

abdominál (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


abnormal

abnormál or abnormal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

abnormál (canonical)
abnormal (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. The correct Spanish counterpart is anormal.

(vulgar, colloquial) despicably stupid; useless; expressing improper or irregular behavior


absent

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
absen (alternative)

Borrowed from English absent, from Middle English absent, from Middle French absent, from Old French ausent, from Latin absens. Doublet of awsente.


libre

libre or libré (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)

libre (canonical)
libré (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish libre. Displaced older gratis, also borrowed from Spanish.

Libre ka ba mamayang hapon?


tago

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀuq (“to store, to put away”). Compare Ilocano tago, Malay taruh, and Tetum tau.


tao

taó (canonical)
ᜆᜂ (Baybayin)
tauo (alternative)
tau (alternative obsolete)
tawo (alternative)

From earlier tawo, from Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau. Cognate with Ilocano tao, Kapampangan tau, Cebuano tawo, Thao caw, Tsou cou, and Motu tau.


barato

Borrowed from Spanish barato. Doublet of barat and balato.


baon

sunk; stuck into something (of a knife, sword, spear, or the like)

(figurative) addicted; abandoned (to vice, such as drugs, alcohol, etc.)


bayad

bayád (canonical)
ᜊᜌᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bayar (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bayaD (“to pay”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaD. Cognate with Bikol Central bayad, Malay bayar, and Sambali bayar.


OA

From Philippine English OA, from an initialism of English overacting.

Ang OA mo kasi e!

Napaka-OA mo naman!

'Wag kang OA!

overreactive; tending to react in an overexaggerated manner; over the top


lampa

unsteady or unsure of footing; unbalanced when walking or standing (of a person)


suka

suká (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜃ (Baybayin)
suca (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *suka (“to vomit”). Compare Bikol Central suka, Cebuano suka, Hiligaynon suka, Kapampangan suka, Tausug suka, and Waray-Waray suka.


kita

kita (canonical)
kità (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *kitaʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kita, from Proto-Austronesian *kita.

Kita ang bahay namin mula rito.


kita

Borrowed from Spanish quitación (“rent; wages; salary”), from quita (“debt relief”).

bor+

gained; benefited (of business or interest money)


sama

of the business relationship of shareholders


Bombay

Bombáy (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
Bumbay (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish Bombay, from Portuguese Bombaim.

(colloquial, loosely) with South Asian features (of a person)


Muslim

Muslím (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
Moslem (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “one who submits”), possibly via English Muslim. Doublet of Musulman.


pula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.


legal

legál (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ligal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish legal, from Latin lēgālis. Doublet of leal.


ideal

ideál (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ideyal (alternative)


simple

Borrowed from Spanish simple, from Latin simplex.

Simpleng-simple rin ang aklat na ito kung ihahambing sa aklat ni Mildred Larson.

1994, Al O. Santiago, Sining ng pagsasaling-wika: sa Filipino mula sa Ingles, →ISBN:

This book is also very simple compared to the book of Mildred Larson.

Ang boluntaryong pagpili ng simpleng pamumuhay ay isang desisyong maaari nating maisakatuparan.

2002, Yaman Ng Pagkatao i Tm' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 173:

The voluntary choice of a simple life is a decision that we can carry out.


basket

(slang) disapproved; rejected (in a submission, courtship, etc.)


said

consumed; with everything used up; exhausted


mole

molé (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
mule (alternative)
muli (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish moler, from Latin molere.

ground fine (as done to chocolate tablets)


tanto

[t̪ɐn̪ˈt̪oʔ]

aware about; having come to realize or understand (something)


potable

Borrowed from Spanish potable, from Latin pōtābilis.


mayor

Borrowed from Spanish mayor, from Latin maior. Doublet of meyor and medyor.

greater in dignity, rank, importance, significance, or interest

major
greater in number, quantity, or extent


natural

Borrowed from Spanish natural (“natural”), from Latin nātūrālis.


talo

talo (canonical)
taló (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *talu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talu. Cognate with Balinese ᬢᬮᬸ (talu, “defeated”). See also Malay takluk.

Nagsisiawayan ang mga manlalaro sa natalong tim.

The players in the losing team argued with each other.


kilo

kilô (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
quilo (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiluq. Compare Ilocano nakillo (“winding; twisted; broken (of language)”).


kana

Borrowed from Malay kena (“to contact; to have to do, to need to do; to be precise; deceived”), from Old Malay knā, from Proto-Austronesian *kəNa (“be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true”). Compare Ilocano kenna.

der

set as a trap; ready; readied (as of a gun)


From Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”). Compare Bikol Central na, Cebuano na, Hiligaynon na, and Tausug na.

Bagsak na.

Abogado na siya.

already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)

Ako na.

Ikaw na.

Siya na.

personal pronoun
personal pronoun#English

now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)


baba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baba, from Proto-Austronesian *baba (“to carry (a person piggyback)”). Cognate with Malay bawa (“to carry”).

inh

Baba ko siya.


real

reál (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜌᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
reyal (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish real, from Late Latin reālis (“actual”), from Latin rēs (“matter, thing”).


real

Borrowed from Spanish real, from Latin rēgālis (“regal, royal”), from rēx.


halal

According to Zorc (1982), borrowed from Malay halal (“permitted; lawful”), from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl). Compare Kapampangan alal. See also etymology 2.


halal

Ultimately from Arabic حَلَال (ḥalāl). Compare Maranao halal and Tausug halal.

halal (permissible according to Muslim religious custom)


Tagalog

[t̪ɐˈɣaː.loɡ̚]

Uncertain. Possibly:
* From taga- (“native of”) + alog (“ford”).
* From taga- (“native of”) + ilog (“river”).
* From Tagal, the name of some tribes in Borneo or Sumatra.

Tagalog (pertaining to the Tagalog region, the Tagalog people, or the Tagalog language)


banal

Borrowed from Malay benar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər (“true, righteous, honest”). Compare Bikol Central banal, Kapampangan banal, Masbatenyo banal, and Tausug bunnal.

inh

Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw


negro

Borrowed from Spanish negro, from Latin nigrum.

(colloquial, usually derogatory, potentially offensive) having dark pigmentation of the skin


pisa

crushed; pressed; compressed; squeezed; flattened (by physical pressure or weight of something heavy)

suppurated; pressed; popped; squeezed (blood or pus from a wound or boil)


ika

ikà (canonical)
ikâ (canonical)
ᜁᜃ (Baybayin)


Latina

Borrowed from Spanish latina, from Latin Latīna.
The slang sense originated from a TikTok video made by content creator Sesable, where she said that her makeup that made her look so “Latina”, likely referring to Hispanic or Latin American traits.


Cebuano

tl-adj

Cebuano (feminine Cebuana, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜏᜈᜓ)


santo

santo or santó (feminine santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

santo (canonical)
santó (canonical)
santa (feminine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Santo (alternative)
Sto. (alternative abbreviation)

Borrowed from Spanish santo, from Old Spanish sancto, from Latin sānctus.

referring to an important figure, item, or event which had a masculine gender in Spanish: holy; sacred (used in certain expressions)


Santa

Santa (masculine Santo, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)

Santo (masculine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
Sta. (alternative abbreviation)

alternative letter case for santa when referring to an important figure, item, or event which had a feminine gender in Spanish: Holy


adaptable

adaptable (capable of adapting or of being adapted)


admirable

admirable (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish admirable, from Latin admirābilis.


moderno

Borrowed from Spanish moderno (“modern”), from Late Latin modernus.

bor+

Kung gayon, makikita natin kung paano ang modernong burgesya ay produkto mismo ng mahabang proseso ng pag-unlad, ng isang serye ng mga rebolusyon sa moda ng produksyon at palitan.

2006, Manipesto ng Partido Komunista, Palimbagang Sentral Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, archived from the original on 2019-10-19, page 38:

We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.


Malay

Borrowed from English Malay, from Malay Melayu. Doublet of Malayo.


barat

Borrowed from Spanish barato. Doublet of balato and barato.


tali

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talih, from Proto-Austronesian *CaliS. Compare Paiwan calis, Kulon-Pazeh saris, Malay tali, Ilocano tali, Chamorro tali, Ma'anyan tadi, Malagasy tady, Tetum tali, Yapese tael, Pohnpeian sahl, Fijian dali, Maori tari.

tied together (such as vegetable shoots, etc.)

tied; confined (of animals to be butchered)


kaki

Borrowed from Spanish caqui, from English khaki, ultimately from Persian خاکی (xâki, “dusty, earthy, earth-colored”).


mahal

Possibly from Sanskrit महार्घ (mahārgha) via Malay mahal. Compare Kapampangan mal, Bikol Central mahal, Cebuano mahal, Asi mahay, and Javanese ꦩꦲꦭ꧀ (mahal).

Mahal kong Maynila, sayo'y hindi mawawalay.

My dear Manila, I won't part ways from you.

Mahal na [mga] Araw

mahal na pang-matrikula


awas

already dismissed from class or work (of students or workers)


awas

overflowing; filled to overcapacity (of a container)

(by extension, colloquial) overcrowded (with people)


duda

Borrowed from Spanish duda, from dudar, from Latin dubitare.


dedo

[ˈd̪ɛː.d̪oʔ]

From English dead + Spanish -o. Compare deds.


dedo

[ˈd̪ɛː.d̪oʔ]


malina

Malina ang babae.


kuba

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Lagablab sa utak ni Damian Rosa: bat iba pang kwento, Color & Pages Pub.
Naging kuba siya. Nang matira kami roon at maging kalaro ko siya at kaibigan, tahimik siyang lumalayo sa umpukan naming mga magkakapwa-bata kapag napag-uusapan ang tungkol sa angel dela guardia. "Mabuti't nagawi ka sa dakong ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


segundo

ᜐᜒᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
sigundo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish segundo, from Latin secundus (“second”); related to Latin sequor (“follow”).


adrenal

[ʔɐ.d̪ɾɛˈn̪al]


adulto

Borrowed from Spanish adulto (“adult”), from Latin adultus.


aereo

tl-adj

aéreó (feminine aerea, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓ)

aéreó (canonical)
aerea (feminine)
ᜀᜌᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌɛː.ɾɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish aéreo, from Latin āerius, from Ancient Greek ἀέριος (aérios).


listo

listo or listó (feminine lista, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

listo (canonical)
listó (canonical)
lista (feminine)
ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


lista

lista or listá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

lista (canonical)
listá (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


pirata

[pɪˈɾaː.t̪ɐ]


para

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare Ilocano pada, Malay pada, Makasar ᨄᨑ (para), Old Javanese paḍa. Also possibly borrowed from Spanish comparar.

inh

Para kang tanga...

Parang may gusto ka sa akin.

You seem to like me / have a crush on me.


abo

From Proto-Central Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


aba

Tulungan natin ang mga abang pamilya.


puka

rotten (referring to the end of a post that has been long in the ground)


una

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *unah, from Proto-Austronesian *(q)uNah. Compare Remontado Agta u-na. False cognate of Spanish una.

inh+

foremost; ranking before others (in quality, rank, etc.)


personal

tl-adj

personál or pérsonál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎ᜔)

personál (canonical)
pérsonál (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Each pronunciation has a different source:
* With ultimate stress, borrowed from Spanish personal.
* With antepenultimate stress, borrowed from English personal.


waag

open; wide and clear (referring to a place)

cleared of obstructions that hinder clear viewing


sauna

[sɐˈʔuː.n̪ɐ]

mga taong sauna

of the old generation; of days long gone


buldog

(figurative, colloquial, derogatory) fat and stout as compared to others of the same age

(figurative, colloquial, derogatory) having an ugly face (looking like a bulldog)


integral

integrál (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɡˈɾal]


normal

normál or normal (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

normál (canonical)
normal (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

(education) normal (pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach)

(chemistry) normal (of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution)


tubo

From Proto-Philippine *tubuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubuq (cf. Fijian tubu (“to grow”), Javanese ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “to grow”), Maori tupu (“to grow”), Malay tubuh (“body”) / tumbuh (“to grow”)), from Proto-Austronesian *Cubuq (cf. Paiwan cuvuq (“sprout”)).


tubo

already growing or germinating (of seeds)


abandonado

abandonado (feminine abandonada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜇᜓ)

abandonada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abandonado (“abandoned”).


barik

barík (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
barek (alternative colloquial)
baric (alternative)


tonto

tl-adj

tonto (feminine tonta, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

(informal, vulgar, offensive) stupid; foolish; silly


laya

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Virgilio S. Almario
Vocabulario de la lengua tagala
Zeus A. Salazar

Possibly from a blend of layaw (“satisfaction of one's needs and desires”) + haya (“at ease; allow; tolerate”), according to Virgilio S. Almario (1992). However, historian Zeus A. Salazar (1999) argued that the word was a standalone word and was already part of the Tagalog vocabulary by mid-19th century despite not being included in Fr. Noceda and Sanlucar's Vocabulario de la lengua tagala. In addition, malaya (“free”) was listed as a surname in the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos which was first published 1849. See also Ilocano waya.


bakat

with dents; with scratches; with marks (on a surface)

(colloquial) having tight clothing leaving the outline of the body visible


laki

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl, with elision of /l/ then a sound shift of /d/ to /l/. Compare Yami rako, Ilocano dakkel, Pangasinan dakel, Kankanaey dakdakë, Dupaningan Agta dakal, Ibaloi shakel, Isnag dakkal, Kapampangan dakal, Kapampangan dagul, Bikol Central dakol, Cebuano dako, Hiligaynon daku, Agusan Manobo dakey, and Maranao dakel.

brought up; grew up (in a certain situation)


primera

tl-adj

primera (masculine primero, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜇ)

primero (masculine)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
primira (alternative)
pirimira (alternative)

[pɾɪˈmɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish primera, from primero, from Latin prīmārius.


primera

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
primira (alternative)
pirimira (alternative)

[pɾɪˈmɛː.ɾɐ]

Primerang bilis naman ng sasakyan!


jologs

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

(common) alternative spelling of dyologs


puro

(by extension) strong (of alcohol, coffee)

pure-blood; of unmixed stock; purebred; thoroughbred

with or having the last card or number (of a pair) being awaited to be drawn in order to win

causing instant death (of a shot, stab, etc.)


pila

broken off (as the handle of a jug, neck of a bottle, etc.)

chipped off (as the edge rim of crockery, etc.)


chub

From fast pronunciation spelling of taob.


gala

having the habit of wandering; having a wanderlust


gala

Borrowed from Spanish gala, from Old French gale (“rejoicing”), from galer (“to enjoy oneself”).


nones

Borrowed from Spanish nones, plural of non (“odd”).


tapa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapa, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Capa. See also Sanskrit तप (tapa, “heat”).


tapa

smoked; cured by exposure to smoke (of meat or fish)


taring

elegant; elegantly dressed (especially of a young man or bachelor)

with a goon-like appearance and growing their hair long (of a young man)


bale

Borrowed from Spanish vale, third-person singular present indicative form of valer (“to be worth”), from Old Spanish valer. Compare Chavacano vale.


pipi

pipî (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜉᜒ (Baybayin)
pipe (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pipiq (“flat”). Compare Malay pipeh.


todo

Borrowed from Spanish todo. Doublet of todas.

exerting one's full strength, voice, shout, run, etc.

(gambling) entirely put as bet in a single game


bibo

Borrowed from Spanish vivo (“alive”), from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”). Doublet of diwa.


adelantado

adelantado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish adelantado (“advanced”).

bor+

Adelantado ang relong iyon.

advanced; earlier than expected or needed

developed; progressive (of a people, nation, etc.)


sala

From either:
* Inherited from Proto-Philippine *salaq (compare Aklanon saea, Bikol Central sala, Cebuano sala, Maranao sala', Mansaka sara, and Tausug sā'), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq (compare Fijian cala, Hawaiian hala, Malay salah, Maori hara, and Samoan sala).
* Borrowed from Classical Malay ساله (salah, “sin”), from Arabic زَلَّة (zalla, “error; slip; lapse; fault; sin”), with possible influence from Sanskrit चार (cāra, “trap; snare”), as in अपचार (apacāra, “offence”), or Sanskrit छल (chala, “deceit; fraud”).

der

unsuitable; bad for; contrary to (as of some food)


sala

From Proto-Philippine *sáraʔ (“sift; strain; filter”). Compare Masbatenyo sara, Bikol Central sara, Aklanon saea, Cebuano sala, Surigaonon saya, Maranao sara, and Tausug sā'.


sala

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq. Compare Javanese ꦱꦭꦃꦲꦸꦫꦠ꧀ (salah urat).


popular

populár (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
pupular (alternative)


Hokkien

Borrowed from Hokkien 福建 (Hok-kiàn, “Fujian / Fukien”). Doublet of Fukien.


malaya

Malaya tayong bumoto ng kung sinong pinaniniwalaan nating ikabubuti ng bansa.

We are free to vote for whom we believe will be beneficial for our country.

Malayang nagtakbuhan sina Inggo sa pagpapatintero nila.

Inggo and the others freely ran about as they played patintero.

Malaya ka na.

freed from prison; not confined in prison

Ang Pilipinas ay malaya mula sa banyagang kolonisasyon.

The Philippines is free from foreign colonization.


noble

Borrowed from Spanish noble, from Latin nōbilis.


Filipino

ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜉᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Pilipino (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish filipino m, from Felipe + -ino, demonym to Spanish las Islas Filipinas (“The Philippine Islands (P.I.); The Philippines”), which was named after Spanish Felipe II de España (“Philip II of Spain”).

der

(proscribed) alternative form of Pilipino: Filipino (pertaining to the Philippines)


Kapampangan

tl-adj

Kapampangan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜅᜈ᜔)

ᜃᜉᜋ᜔ᜉᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Capampañgan (alternative)
Capampang̃an (alternative)
Capangpang̃an (alternative)
Kapangpangan (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Kapampangan Kapampangan, from pangpang (“shore”) + ka- -an.

Kapampangan (pertaining to Pampanga, the Kapampangan people, or the Kapampangan language)


Ilokano

From Spanish ilocano. By surface analysis, Iloko + -ano.


bobo

bobo (feminine boba, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜊᜓ)

boba (feminine)
ᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
bubo (alternative)
obob (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bobo, from Latin balbus (“stammering”).

Aliw na aliw kami sa pagpatol ni Lauren Young sa fans ni DJ Loonyo na binash siya dahil sa comment sa pagsusuot ng face mask. Na-bash si Lauren sa tweet niyang “Omg i just saw this!! Ang bobo shet ang bobo. Flatearther ka rin ba koyah??”

2021, Nitz Miralles, “Lauren ‘pinatulan’ si DJ Loonyo”, in Pang-Masa:


solo

Borrowed from Spanish solo, from Old Spanish solo, from Latin sōlus.


halo

Compare Bikol Central halo (“mixture”), Cebuano halo (“mingle”), Malay haru (“stir; chaos”), and Malay arau (“stirring”).


maga

See baga (“abscess; tumor”). Possibly a back-formation of mamaga (“to swell”), as in namaga (“swollen”) with the first syllable elided.


penal

Borrowed from Spanish penal, from Late Latin poenālis.


alta

Borrowed from Spanish alta, feminine of alto, from Latin altus. Doublet of alto.


bati

Metathesis of Malay tabik, from Sanskrit क्षन्तव्य (kṣantavya, “to be pardoned”). See also tabi.

der

Bati na sila.

reconciled; renewed (of one's friendship)


bati

beaten; churned (with a beater or whisk)


boto

Borrowed from Spanish voto, from Latin vōtum. Doublet of boda.

Mukhang boto si Mama kay Daniel bilang nobyo ni Kristine.

It seems like Mommy is in favor of Daniel as the boyfriend of Kristine.

It seems Mommy votes up Daniel as the boyfriend of Kristine.

Boto ako sa sinabi niya.

(by extension, colloquial) voting up; in favor of; rooting for; supporting; approving; agreeing; vouching something or someone


bubo

alternative form of bobo (“foolish, stupid”)


bubo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqbuq (“pour”). Cognate with Kapampangan bubu, Cebuano bubu, and Javanese ꦧꦸꦧꦸꦃ (bubuh, “put in by accident”).


buko

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bukuh. Compare Bikol Central buko, Cebuano buko and Malay buku.


burat

burát (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜇᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
borat (alternative)

with foreskin folded and the glans exposed


titi

[ˈt̪iː.t̪ɪʔ]

Compare Hiligaynon titi (“to drain completely”). See also Hokkien 滴 (tih, “drip; drop of liquid”).


sereno

[sɛˈɾɛː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish sereno, from Latin serēnus (“calm”).


umido

úmidó (canonical)
ᜂᜋᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
umedo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish húmedo, from Latin hūmidus, variant of ūmidus.


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā), instrumental singular of वाच् (vā́c, “speech, voice”). Doublet of boses.


basa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *basəq. Compare Malay basah (“wet”).


loko

tl-adj

loko (feminine loka, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜃᜓ)

loka (feminine)
ᜎᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
luko (alternative)
loco (alternative)


luno

having just molted or shed skin, scales, etc. (of crabs, shrimps, snakes, etc.)

(by extension) physically soft and weak (of a person)


tuli

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *turiq (cf. Hanunoo turi, Bikol Central turi, Cebuano tuli, Hiligaynon tuli, Maranao tori', Malay toreh). Also possibly related to Katuri, a little settlement on the river just opposite Cotabato where circumcision ceremonies were held in Maguindanao.


maang

maáng (canonical)
maang (canonical)
ᜋᜀᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


primero

[pɾɪˈmɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish primero, from Latin prīmārius.


gaga

Borrowed from Spanish gaga, feminine form of gago.


pingas

nicked on the edges; notched (of a plate, etc.)


desperado

desperado (feminine desperada, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

desperada (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Probably a pseudo-Hispanism, from English desperate, and influenced by Spanish desesperado.

(common) alternative form of des-esperado: desperate; hopeless


papel

papél (canonical)
ᜉᜉᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
papil (alternative dated)


boba

"Obviously, they want to make her look smarter (kasi nga boba) with those glasses on and books on the table, not to mention the color choice of her outfit. Ano 'to, shooting? Playing 'the president' daw sya?" she added.

2020, Jan Milo Severo, “'It's so fake': Vivian Velez goes viral for comparing Robredo's look to Miss Tapia”, in The Philippine Star:


morena

morena (masculine moreno, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜈ)

[moˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]


moreno

moreno (feminine morena, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜈᜓ)


panis

From Proto-Philippine *panúqus. Compare Ilocano panuos, Cebuano pan-os, and Maranao panos.

Boom! Panis ka na naman ni Mark!

(figuratively, colloquial) defeated; dominated; owned


tanga

Either from the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *taŋa (“to gape stupidly, gawk”), from Proto-Austronesian *taŋa (“to open wide”).
* From Proto-Philippine *taŋah (“stupid, silly, ignorant”).
Compare Ilocano tanga, Aklanon tanga, Cebuano tanga, Maranao tanga', and Tausug tanga'.

inh

Mukha kang tanga!

(offensive, vulgar) stupid; foolish; ignorant; slow-witted


ilegal

Borrowed from Spanish ilegal, from Medieval Latin illēgālis.


mahina

tl-adj

mahinà (plural mahihina, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜈ)

mahinà (canonical)
mahihina (plural)
ᜋᜑᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


tangi

not asking the help or favor of anyone in order to avoid being asked for help or a favor (of a person)


Este

eastern (part of a region; used after place names)


Latino

Latino (feminine Latina, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜆᜒᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish latino, from Latin Latīnus. Doublet of ladino.

Latin (of descendants from ancient Romans); Romance

Latin (of or relating to Latium (modern Lazio), the region around Rome)


mo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu (2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb). Compare Malay -mu.

inh

second person singular possessive adjective; your


hilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilu (“poison”).


bali

Compare Bikol Central bari, Cebuano bali, and Hiligaynon bali.

broken (of elongated objects such as pencils, sticks, etc.)


saksa

very abundant; plentiful; more than enough (as of goods in a market)


sira

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siraq (“to split open”). Compare Kapampangan sira. Possibly also from Sanskrit छिद्र (chidra, “hole, opening, defect, flaw”). Compare Malay cedera.

der

(colloquial) synonym of sira-ulo (“insane; lunatic; mentally ill”)


amante

Borrowed from Spanish amante, from Latin amantem.


gets

From English get + -s, as in English get it, which usage may have been influenced or reinforced by Tagalog kuha (“get; grab; take”).

Hindi nila gets.


lundo

lundô (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
lundoy (alternative)


tae

taé (canonical)
ᜆᜁ (Baybayin)
tai (alternative uncommon)
tay (alternative)
taye (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Compare Ilocano takki, Malagasy tay, Malay tahi, Palauan dach, and Samoan tae.

experiencing the need to defecate (of a person)


talas

removed; cut off (of fronds, thorns, twigs, etc.)


ambos

tl-adj

ambós or ambos (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜐ᜔)

ambós (canonical)
ambos (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ambos (“both”), from Latin ambōs, masculine accusative plural of ambō (“both”).

Ambos ang dalawang lalaki sa bayad sa taksi.

The two men are both [sharing] the taxi fare.


taka

having a feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


pares

Borrowed from Spanish pares, plural of par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”).
The term pares, referring to the beef stew, originated from the carinderia named Jonas, established in 1979 by Lolita Tiu and Roger Tiu at the corner of Mayon Street and Malindang Street, near Calle Retiro (present-day N.S. Amoranto Sr. Street), in Quezon City. The name came from the practice of pairing beef asado with sinangag (garlic fried rice) and a light beef broth, forming a complete meal.


ligo

ligô (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
igo (alternative childish)
goli (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *diʀus (“bathe”). Compare Ilocano digos, Ibanag zigu, Bikol Central karigos, Cebuano digo /ligo, Tausug ligu', Malay dirus /irus, and Javanese ꦲꦢꦸꦱ꧀ (adus).

having the habit of taking a bath very often


halo-halo

halò-halò or haló-halò (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ)

halò-halò (canonical)
haló-halò (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
halu-halo (alternative)
haluhalo (alternative)

Reduplication of halo (“mix”). Literally, “mixture and mixtures”.


detenido

ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜈᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
ditinido (alternative)


pasado

Borrowed from Spanish pasado, past participle of pasar. By surface analysis, pasa + -ado.

passed; qualified (successfully reaching or exceeding a set score, grade, or requirement in an examination or similar ordeal)


ito

itó (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
'to (alternative clipping colloquial)

From Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu (“that”). Compare Bikol Central ito (“that”), Malagasy ito, Yami uitu, Malay itu (“that”). The i- prefix is likely related to the Proto-Austronesian *i (location marker) (cf. ibabaw, ilalim, itaas, ilaya).

this (near the speaker and the listener)


luto

lutò (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
loto (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuq. Compare Ilocano luto, Mayoyao Ifugao lutu, Bikol Central luto, Cebuano luto, Tausug lutu', and Ngaju luntoh. The slang senses are ellipses of lutong makaw.

(slang) rigged (of a game, competition, election, etc.)


luto

lutô (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
loto (alternative)


traidor

traidór (feminine traidora, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

traidór (canonical)
traidora (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oɾ]

[t̪ɾɐ.ʔɪˈd̪oɾ]


adepto

Borrowed from Spanish adepto, from Latin adeptus. The senses “adept” were semantic loans from English adept.


postura

ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
pustura (alternative)

(colloquial) dressed in a way too elaborate or formal for the occasion


resultado

Borrowed from Spanish resultado (“result”).


retirada

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


tumba

Borrowed from Spanish tumbar. Compare Cebuano tumba.


bomba

Borrowed from Spanish bomba. Compare English bombshell.

(colloquial, figurative, vulgar) X-rated (of a film)


goma

Borrowed from Spanish goma (“rubber; gum”), from Late Latin gumma (“gum; resin”), from Latin cummi (“gum”), from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi, “gum”), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).


haba

From Greater Central Philippine *habaʔ (“long (object)”). Compare Ilocano akaba, Kapampangan kaba /aba, Hanunoo aba, Bikol Central laba, Aklanon haba, Hiligaynon laba, and Tausug haba'. See also the coincidentally similar Japanese 幅(はば) (haba).


ari

Borrowed from Malay jadi (“to become”), according to Zorc (1979), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Compare Remontado Agta adi. Doublet of dati, hati, Henesis, and yari.

dbt

Ikaw ga ay aring pumasok dine?

(Batangas) able; possible; allowed; acceptable

Ari baga sa paa mo?


militar

Borrowed from Spanish militar, from Latin mīlitāris, from mīles (“soldier”).


tasa

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish tajar (“to cut”).

bor+

sharpened (of a pointed object that has become blunt)


juts

From a clipping of jutay + -s (suffix used in Tagalog slang), from Cebuano diyotay.

suffix

not hung; having a small penis; not well-endowed


sagrado

tl-adj

sagrado (feminine sagrada, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜄ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish sagrado, from Latin sacrātus.


santa

santa (canonical)
santá (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish santa, feminine of santo.

feminine of santo: referring to an important figure, item, or event which had a feminine gender in Spanish: holy; sacred (used in certain expressions)


tama

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamaq (“appropriate, suitable; fit together; hit the mark”). Also possibly from Malay utama (“perfect”), ultimately from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama, “excellent”).

inh

bato-bato sa langit, ang tamaan huwag magalit

fit; proper (of one's actions, decisions, etc.)


di-pangkaraniwan

tl-adj

dî-pangkaraniwan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜇᜈᜒᜏᜈ᜔)

dî-pangkaraniwan (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜇᜈᜒᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd̪ɪʔ pɐŋ.kɐ.ɾɐˈn̪iː.wɐn̪]

[ˌd̪iː pɐŋ.kɐ.ɾɐˈn̪iː.wɐn̪]


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), from Late Latin captiāre (“to catch”).


satin

satín (canonical)
ᜐᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
saten (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish satén, from French satin, from Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn, “Zayton; olive”). Doublet of aseytuna and aseytuno.


imposible

tl-adj

imposible (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish imposible (“impossible”).


menor

Borrowed from Spanish menor, from Latin minōrem.


elegante

[ʔɛ.lɛˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


bakla

baklâ (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
bacla (alternative)

From alteration of bakle (“homosexual”) possibly to sound more feminine (cf. Spanish -a), from bakli (“broken by bending; bent; crooked”), picturesque illustrating the incapacity of the male sex organ to exercise an erection. The connotation of being “broken” led homosexuals around the 1970s to use other words such as badap, bading, marikona, etc. to refer to homosexuals. Compare also the analogy with English straight (“heterosexual”) and bent (“homosexual”).
Alternate theories for the etymology include:
* From blend of babae + lalaki.
* From bakla (“fear; worry; perturbed”). See etymology 2. Perhaps attributed to “cowardice” or “fearfulness”. The insertion of the glottal stop may be a late evolution of the word.


cha

châ (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
chaya (alternative)
tsaya (alternative)

From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.


Sugboanon

tl-adj

Sugboanon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔)

ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
Sugbuanon (alternative)
Sugbuhanon (alternative)

Borrowed from Cebuano Sugboanon. Doublet of Sugbuhanin.

pertaining to the people and culture of Cebu

pertaining to being a speaker of the Cebuano language


Bisaya

Bisayà or Bisayâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜌ)

Bisayà (canonical)
Bisayâ (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐᜌ (Baybayin)
Visaya (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Cebuano Bisaya, of uncertain origin, possibly Sanskrit. Possibly related to Sanskrit विषय (viṣaya, “kingdom; dominion; region; territory; domain; realm”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Khmer វិស័យ (visay), Thai วิสัย (wí-sǎi), Pali visaya, Sabah Bisaya Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya Bisaya, Tatana Bisaya. Other theories include:
* From Old Malay Sri Vijaya (“Sri Vijaya”), from Sanskrit श्री विजय (śrī vijayá). During the 1950s to the 1960s, various authors have claimed that Bisaya is derived from Sri Vijaya, claiming the early settlers of Panay were either from Sri Vijaya or subjects of Sri Vijaya. However, linguist Eugene Verstraelen refutes these claims by pointing out that Vijaya would have been "Bidaya" or "Biraya". Compare Malay bisai, from Tamil விசை (vicai).
* From Sanskrit वैश्य (vaíśya) which would have been what Indian traders and/or pirates might have described the settlers of Panay.


ander

[ˈʔan̪.d̪ɛɾ]

under (in a state of subordination, submission or defeat)


lilo

disloyal; unfaithful; traitorous; treacherous


adorable

Borrowed from Spanish adorable, from Latin adōrābilis.


garing

Borrowed from Malay gading. Compare Tausug garing, Yakan garing, Javanese ꦒꦝꦶꦁ (gadhing), and Old Javanese gaḍiṅ.


obra

Borrowed from Spanish obrar (“to work, to function”).


pobre

Borrowed from Spanish pobre, from Latin pauper. Doublet of pulubi.


okey

okey (canonical)
okéy (canonical)
ᜂᜃᜒᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
OK (alternative)
oke (alternative)
okay (alternative)


alat

From Proto-Philippine *aDat. Compare Ilocano adat (“bad taste”), Kapampangan alat (“saltiness”), Masbatenyo arat (“saltiness”), Aklanon aeat (“salty”), and Hiligaynon alat (“saltiness”). For the "unlucky" sense, compare Spanish salado (“unlucky (of a person)”, literally “salty”).

noncog

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


tipo

broken at the base (of a tooth, branch, horn, etc.)

notched; dented (in the edge or rim of bladed tools, cups, plates, etc.)


paso

From Proto-Philippine *pásuq (“to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn”). Compare Ivatan paso, Casiguran Dumagat Agta pasi, Itawit patu, Bikol Central paso, Agutaynen paso, and Tausug pasu'.


paso

Borrowed from Spanish paso, from Latin passus.


dorado

Borrowed from Spanish dorado. Doublet of dularo.


loka

(mildly derogatory) feminine of loko: insane; crazy; demented


lana

Borrowed from Spanish lana (“wool”), from Latin lāna.


torpe

(colloquial) too shy to express one's romantic feelings


importante

tl-adj

importante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


basted

Borrowed from English busted. First attested in late 1960s.

Minsan ay walang shorts / tulo pa ang sipon / Masarap isiping / sana laging bata / Masaklap isipin / kung pigil ang laya, / Nang ikaw'y lumaki / bihis ka nang bihis / At pasok nang pasok / pero laging basted

1997, Roberto Ofanda Umil, Oda sa kaldero at iba pang tula, →ISBN:

Parang kagat ni Drakula. 'Pag kinagat ka, Drakula ka na rin. At least, ikaw, basted ka ke Sylvia. Me pag-asa ka pa. CYRIL. ...Pag-asa..? CHERRY. Puwede ka pang makatakas. Lumayo. Ma'ligtas... (Hahagikhik sa sarili.) CLARITA. (Kay NONA.) ...

2007, Tony Perez, Tatlong paglalakbay, →ISBN:

Baka wala ka pa sa first base, basted ka na. Sabik ang maraming dalaga na magpaligaw dahil naaaffirm ang pagkababae nila. Humahaba ang hair. Tumataas ang self-esteem. Feeling Disney princess dahil may prince charming na nakapansin ...

2014, Ronald Molmisa, Lovestruck: Sakit Edition, OMF Literature, →ISBN:

turned down in a romantic relationship; rejected by a romantic interest (especially in unrequited love)


baston

Borrowed from Spanish bastón, from Old French baston, probably from Vulgar Latin *bastō, *bastōnis. Doublet of baton.

with the legs tapering down the lower end (of trousers)


torero

[t̪oˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish torero. By surface analysis, toro + -ero.


bila

bilâ (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
pila (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilaq (“part split off”). Compare Maranao bila' (“brittleness; crispness”), Malay bilah (“thin strip or lath”) and Javanese ꦮꦶꦭꦃ (wilah, “long thin stick”).


sula

Ultimately from Sanskrit शूल (śūla, “lance; pike”). Compare Malay sula (“pointed stick”).


lugas

fallen off (of hair, teeth, feathers, etc.)

threshed; beaten out from stalks (of grain)


bura

Borrowed from Spanish borrar (“to erase”).


pasa

Borrowed from Spanish pasa, an inflection of pasar.

passed; qualified (successfully reaching or exceeding a set score, grade, or requirement in an examination or similar ordeal)


pili

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piliq. Compare Tausug pī' and Malay pilih.


kuha

kuha (canonical)
kuhà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜑ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central Philippine *kúha(ʔ) (“to get; to take”). Compare Bikol Central kua, Cebuano kuha, Kapampangan kua, Maranao kowa, and Tausug kawa'. According to Zorc (2021), it might be from Proto-Austronesian *kuSa (“work”) with semantic reassignment. Compare Kavalan kuway (“to work in the field”) and Isnag kuwa (“to work”).

gotten the hang of something; managed to learn to handle something

having inherited certain features (as from one's parents)


kuha

similar to the original (as of a picture or drawing)


mulat

From Proto-Central Philippine *muklat (“to open eyes”). Compare Ilocano buragat (“eyes opened wide”) / mulagat (“wide-eyed”), Kapampangan mulikat (“open one's eyes”), Kapampangan mulat (“open the eyes”), Asi mukyat (“to open eyes”), Masbatenyo muklat (“open the eyes”), Bikol Central buklat (“opening one's eyes”), Aklanon mukeat (“to realize”), Cebuano buklat (“for the eyes to open”), Hiligaynon muklat (“to open the eyes”), Maranao borarat (“open eyes wide”), Tausug bulat (“eyes open”), and Javanese ꦩꦸꦭꦠ꧀ (mulat, “to look at; to see”).

cog

(figurative) enlightened; educated; trained; conscious; awakened


hanga

Hanga ako sa kanyang pagpapakumbaba.

I am filled with admiration to his humility.


siil

oppressed; maltreated (by a ruler, superior, etc.)


sakal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cəkəl. Compare Malay cekal (“to seize; to clutch”).


Arabe

Arabé (canonical)
Arabe (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish árabe, from Latin Arabs, from Ancient Greek Ἄραψ (Áraps), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).

Arab (of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations)


bakal

From Proto-Philippine *bakal (“spear used in warfare,throw a spear at someone”), or from Malay bakal (“raw material”), probably from Old Javanese bakal (“future, prospective”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *[b]kəl[ ] (“to give, make over”).


bakal

bakál (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bacal (alternative)

planted in the manner of digging small holes in the ground (of seeds or seedlings)


buka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buka. Compare Bikol Central buka, Cebuano buka, and Malay buka.

open; unfolded; stretched out (as of flowers, mouths, wings, etc.)


kaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Malay kaya (“wealth; power”).

inh

Kaya natin ito!


hubo

hubô (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
hobo (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *hubuʔ. Compare Cebuano hubo (“undress”), Hiligaynon hubu (“naked”), and Tausug hubu' (“bare; naked”).


puno

From Proto-Philippine *pənuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Akin to Malay penuh.


bili

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəli, from Proto-Austronesian *bəli. Compare Kapampangan abli, Tausug bī, and Malay beli.


tawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa. Compare Malay tawa.


harang

Borrowed from Malay hadang. Compare hadlang.


borta

From backslang of English heartthrob (with pronunciation spelled similar to *hartrob).


dati

Borrowed from Malay jati (“original; pure; genuine”), from Pali jāti (“birth; nature; reality”), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth; production”), according to Zorc (1982). Doublet of ari, hati, Henesis, and yari.

der

Siya ang dating may-ari ng kompanyang ito.

He is the previous owner of this company.

Giniba na ang dating simbahang nakatayo roon.

The old church there was already demolished.


adik

[ˈʔaː.d̪ɪk̚]

Borrowed from English addict, from Latin addictus, past participle of addīcō (“deliver; devote; surrender”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + dīcō (“say; declare”). Doublet of adikto.


posible

ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
pusible (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish posible (“possible”), from Latin possibilis.


tabla

→ Tausug: tabla

Borrowed from Spanish tabla, from Latin tabula. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Spanish tablas as found in en tablas and quedar tablas. Doublet of teybol.


hati

Hati kami sa trabaho sa bahay.

We are sharing on the work in the house.


kulit

tl-adj

kulít or kulit (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔)

kulít (canonical)
kulit (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)

continuously stubborn; obstinate; insistent; persistent


kulit

kulít (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
colit (alternative)
culit (alternative)


tangan

[ˈt̪aː.ŋɐn̪]

Borrowed from Malay tangan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taŋan.


ulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulu (cf. Cebuano ulo, Chamorro ulu, Ilocano ulo, Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦸ (ulu), Malay hulu (“head, handle”), Maori uru (“head, hair”), Tausug ū, Tetum uluk (“formerly, before”), Tiruray ulew), from Proto-Austronesian *quluh (cf. Paiwan qulu). Doublet of hulo.


utas

completely finished, terminated or concluded (of a project, work, undertaking, etc.)

completely obsessed or crazy about something


giling

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *giliŋ. Compare Aklanon galing, Bikol Central giling, Hiligaynon galing, Ilocano giling, and Tausug giling.


bigay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay (“give, present gifts to; gift”), from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay (“give”). Cognate with Sambali ibi, Kapampangan bie, Bikol Central bugay, Aklanon bugay, Cebuano bugay, Hiligaynon bugay, Maranao begay, Iranun enggay, Maguindanao ingay, Tboli belay, Malay beri, and Puyuma beray.

inh

given as a gift, present, donation, etc.

(colloquial) with all effort (of one's performance or actions)


baboy

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Kapampangan babi, Amis fafoy, Eastern Bontoc fiafoy, Malay babi, and Acehnese bui.


bago

From Proto-Central Philippine *baqgu, from Proto-Philippine *baqʀu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh. Compare Ilocano baro, Kapampangan bayu, Cebuano bag-o, Tausug ba'gu, and Malay baru.


bato

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu. Compare Bikol Central bato, Capiznon bato, Cebuano bato, Fijian vatu, Hawaiian haku, Hiligaynon bato, Ilocano bato, Indonesian batu, Kapampangan batu, Malagasy vato, Malay batu, Maori whatu, Niuean patu, Pangasinan bato, Ratagnon bato, Sundanese batu, and Waray-Waray bato.


sinag

[ˈsiː.n̪ɐɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sinaʀ (“ray of light”) (cf. Fijian siga (“sun”), Malay sinar, Nias sino, Samoan masina (“moon”), and Tausug sinag (“brightness”)), from Proto-Austronesian *siNaʀ (“sun”) (compare Amis cidal (“sun”) and Sakizaya cilal (“sun”)).

seen hazily (through a translucent object)


puti

putî (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
Puti (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putiq. Compare Malay putih.


layag

From Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ. Compare Aklanon eayag, Bikol Central layag, Cebuano layag, Chamorro låyak, Fijian laca, Hawaiian lā, Malagasy lay, Malay layar, Maori rā, Nias loyo, Sundanese layar, Tahitian rā, Tetum laan, and Urak Lawoi' บลาเยอ (blaye).
The fandom sense is a calque of English sail, from a fandom phrase “the ship is sailing”. The word ship does not mean boat but a wordplay from ship (short for relationship) to mean that the relationship is in motion and is moving forward. See also English that ship has sailed.

gl

short for <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">relationship</i>

(fandom slang) progressing; advancing (of a relationship)


itim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qitəm. Compare Acehnese itam, Bikol Central itom, Brunei Malay itam, Cebuano itom, Coastal Kadazan oitom, Hiligaynon itom, Javanese ꦲꦶꦠꦼꦩ꧀ (item), Malay hitam, Minangkabau hitam, Pangasinan itom, Tetum metan, Waray-Waray itom, West Coast Bajau irom, and Yami sirem. Doublet of hitam.


tubig

[ˈt̪uː.bɪɡ̚]

[ˈt̪uː.bɛɡ̚]

From Proto-Central Philippine *tubig, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *tubig (cf. Asi tubi, Buhi'non Bikol tobig, Capiznon tubi, Ilocano tubbog, and Mansaka tobig). Dempwolff (1938) posited it to be from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tubiʀ (“deep place in the water”) (cf. Malay tubir (“ledge, steep riverbank, cliff”)) but the meaning in Central Philippine languages is consistently “water” or “juice”, and no forms have been found to bridge the semantic gap with the Malay term, making the etymology unlikely.


lango

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋu, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋu (“dizzy, drunk”).


araw

aráw (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
arao (alternative)
arau (alternative)

From earlier *ʔādaw, from Proto-Central Philippine *qaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Cognate with Ilocano aldaw (“day”), Pangasinan agew, Kapampangan aldo, Bikol Central aldaw (“day”), Cebuano adlaw (“sun, day”), Maranao ndaw (“sun”), Chamorro åtdao (“sun”), Malagasy andro (“day”), Manggarai leso (“sun, day”), Tetum loro, Hawaiian ao (“daylight, day”), Maori ao (“daytime”). Doublet of adlaw.


Pilipino

(relational) of the Philippines or its people and culture; Philippine

(dated, relational) of Tagalog, the language of the Philippines


Pinoy

From clipping of Pilipino (“Filipino”) + -oy (“diminutive suffix”). Supposedly popularized by the Florante song “Ako'y isang Pinoy” ("I am a Pinoy"), which became popular in Filipino culture to denote one's country of origin and background.
This term was first used and popularized by Filipino immigrants to the United States and subsequent returnees to the Philippines before it came into general mainstream use.

suffix

(relational) of the Philippines or its people, language, and culture


Noypi

Backslang formed from the syllables of Pinoy.


keri

Keri ko 'to.

Keri mo 'yan!

Keri mo bang sabihin sa kanya?

Hindi ko keri ang amoy ng hininga niya!


gamol

The word exists even in old dictionaries (cf. amol). The word was popularized by Filipino rapper Andrew E., who came out with the song Wag Kang Gamol in the year 1990.

(colloquial) shameless; ill-mannered; indecent; uncool

(colloquial) contemptible; obnoxious; displeasing; gross


ambulante

tl-adj

ambulante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ambulante, from Latin ambulantem.

(fishing) a type of fish corral that incorporates a cage to trap fish as the tide recedes


amoroso

amoroso (feminine amorosa, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋᜓᜇᜓᜐᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish amoroso, from Vulgar Latin *amōrōsus.


liha

Borrowed from Spanish lija (“sandpaper”).

bor+

cleaned, smoothed, or polished with a sandpaper


lisa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lisəhaq, from Proto-Austronesian *lisəqəS. Compare Aklanon eusa', Bikol Central lusa, Cebuano lusa, Fijian lise, Hawaiian liha, Ilocano lisa, Maori riha, Sundanese lisa, and Yami liha. See also Sanskrit लिक्षा (likṣā, “louse nit”).

(figurative) thoroughly searched or combed


lasa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lasaq (“beat, thrash”). Compare Aklanon easa, Maranao lasa' and Malay lasah.

inh

destroyed (with parts detached or forced off)


kwela

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwela.


tahi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahiq, from Proto-Austronesian *CaqiS (“to sew”). Cognate with Kavalan tais, tmais, Paiwan tsaqis.


asar

Borrowed from Spanish, possibly from any of the following:
* From asar (“to roast”). Possible doublet of asal.
* From azar (“misfortune; obstacle”).

vexed; annoyed; teased; irritated (by someone)


peste

Borrower from Spanish peste, from Latin pestis.


lapa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapaq, from Proto-Austronesian *lapaq (“to cut up, butcher, slaughter an animal”). Compare Bikol Central lapa, Cebuano lapa, Malay lapah, Mansaka lapa, Minangkabau lapah, and Western Bukidnon Manobo lapa'.


mura

Uncertain. Dempwolff 1934-1938 posited this (along with the Malay etymon and cognates in Javanese, Malagasy, Ngaju Dayak and Toba Dayak) to be inherited from Proto-Austronesian *mudaq (“cheap; easy”), but this would result in the Tagalog being *murà (/ˈmuɾaʔ/). Blust 2010- posits this (and cognates) are a possibly a borrowing from Malay murah.


mura

murà (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇ (Baybayin)
mora (alternative)

Cognate of Malay muda. Either from:
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muda (“young (of fruits); immature; light (of colors)”)
* From Pali muddha (“foolish, bewildered”), from Sanskrit मुग्ध (mugdha, “foolish, bewildered, young”).


dani

lying down or placed together side by side or close to each other (of two persons or things)


sapo

held or supported carefully with the palms of one's hands


wawa

wawà (canonical)
ᜏᜏ (Baybayin)
uaua (alternative)
vava (alternative)

Clipping of kawawa, which in turn is a contraction of kaawa-awa (“pitiful”).

Wawa naman ang sanggol na iyon.

Boohoo, that baby. (sense: crying; by extension: sad, pitiful)

(childish) pitiful; unfortunate; deserving one's pity


Weste

Apheresis of Oeste, derived from Spanish oeste (“west”).

alternative form of Oeste: western (part of a region; used in place names)


balo

From Proto-Philippine *balu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balu. Compare Malay balu.


bano

Possibly a contamination via metathesis of abno, which was a clipping of abnormal, from English abnormal.

(slang) inept; terrible (at a certain skill or topic)

unbalanced when walking or standing (of a person)


wala

walâ (canonical)
ᜏᜎ (Baybayin)
'la (alternative)
la (alternative)
ala (alternative)
uala (alternative)
huala (alternative)
ula (alternative colloquial dialectal)
wla (alternative Internet)

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada. Unrelated to Arabic وَلَا (walā).

Wala pa sila dito...

Wala 'yung kaibigan mo ah.

nothing; to not exist; there is no
not in; missing

Wala sa akin ang ballpen mo, wala akong kailangang ibalik sa iyo!

I don't have your pen, I don't have to return anything to you!

Wala akong pagkain, sa iba ka na lang.

I don't have food here, go to another person.

nothing; to not exist; there is no
not having; no

Ay, wala, hindi ako nakakuha.

Oh, I don't have any, I didn't get to grab any.

no; I/you/they don't have any; there isn't any

Wala 'yun sa akin.

Ay, wala 'yun, 'wag mo na lang pansinin.

Wala... hindi 'yan gagana.

nothing; to not exist; there is no
nothing; no-one

Walang tao diyan.

Wala na sila.

(by extension) broken up; separated (in a relationship)


makulit

tl-adj

makulít (plural makukulit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔)

makulít (canonical)
makukulit (plural)
ᜋᜃᜓᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


salig

based on or from; deduced from (usually with sa)


laan

in reserve; reserved for the future (or for someone)


inmoral

inmorál (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
imoral (alternative common)


entero

[ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]


madla

madlâ (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)
marla (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle, multitude”). Compare Kapampangan malda.

bor+

madlang bagay

(obsolete) scatteredly many; diverse; varied; much (of an indefinite multitude)


tira

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tida. Compare Bikol Central tada and Ilocano tidda.

inh+

set aside for someone (such as food, etc.)


kati

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qati, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCi. Cognate with Ilocano ati (“dry, evaporated”), Pangasinan kati, Bikol Central ati, and Wolio kaati (“shallowness, low tide”).


mismo

Borrowed from Spanish mismo, from Old Spanish mesmo, from Vulgar Latin *metipsimus.

Siya mismo ang nakita ko.

Ako mismo.

Mismong si Juan na ang lumapit sa akin.

self; myself; yourself; himself; herself; itself; ourselves; themselves


eka

ekà (canonical)
ekâ (canonical)
ᜁᜃ (Baybayin)


Ilonggo

Batiano River
Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)
Iloilo River

From Spanish ilongo, from ilong + -o, the root referring to Hiligaynon ilong (“nose”), from the nose-like shape of the land between the Iloilo River and Batiano River where the Spanish Fort San Pedro is located. See also Spanish pampango.

Relating to the culture, people, and language of Iloilo or nearby areas of Panay, Guimaras, and Negros island where Hiligaynon is spoken


busog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəsuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *bəsuʀ.


rebelde

[ɾɛˈbɛl.d̪ɛ]


mira

Mirang ganda ng kapatid niya.


agad

agád (canonical)
ᜀᜄᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
agar (alternative)


sawa

sawâ (canonical)
ᜐᜏ (Baybayin)
saua (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sawəqaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sawəqaq (“eat too much, bored”) (cf. Cebuano saw-a, Kapampangan sawa).

inh

Sawa na ako sa mga kalokohan nila.


laway

lawáy (canonical)
ᜎᜏᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
lauay (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *láway. Compare Aklanon eaway; Bikol Central, Cebuano, Tausug and Waray-Waray laway. Compare Sanskrit लाला (lālā, “saliva”).

having excessive flow of saliva (of a person)


engot

tlb

(slang, back slang, mildly vulgar, derogatory, offensive, humorous)

[ˈʔɛː.ŋot̪̚]


gamay

gamay (canonical)
gamáy (canonical)
ᜄᜋᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
kamay (alternative)

accustomed to handling; suited to one's manner of using (someone's instruments, machines, etc.)


negra

(colloquial, usually derogatory, potentially offensive)


abusado

tl-adj

abusado (feminine abusada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜐᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish abusado (“abused”). By surface analysis, abuso + -ado.


depende

[d̪ɛˈpɛn̪.d̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish depende, third-person singular present indicative of depender.

Depende iyan sa gusto ng lalaki.


lona

Borrowed from Spanish lona (“canvas”), from the name of the French coastal town Olonne, where the linen cloth was woven.


admitido

admitted; having confessed or acknowledged (of one's guilt, etc)


adelanto

Borrowed from Spanish adelanto (“advancement”).

in advance; ahead of time (as of watches, clocks, etc.)


administrado

tl-adj

administrado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


adulterado

adulterado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


alegro

[ʔɐˈlɛː.ɡɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish alegro, from Italian allegro.


alerto

alerto (feminine alerta, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜓ)

[ʔɐˈlɛɾ.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish alerta with a change in gender, from Italian all'erta (“to the height”). Doublet of alerta.


alerta

[ʔɐˈlɛɾ.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish alerta, from Italian all'erta (“to the height”). Doublet of alerto.


alisto

Borrowed from Spanish listo or Spanish alistar.


apodo

Borrowed from Spanish ápodo, from Ancient Greek ἄποδος (ápodos), genitive of ἄπους (ápous).


apurado

Borrowed from Spanish apurado (“in a hurry”).


batid

batíd (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
batir (alternative)

known; aware of; conscious of; with knowledge about


bata

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bataq, from Proto-Austronesian *bataq. Also possibly from Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa, “child, offspring”) or Sanskrit बटु (baṭu, “boy, lad, youth”). Compare Tausug bata'.


desesperado

tl-adj

desesperado (feminine desesperada, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

desesperada (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


desmayado

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜌᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
dismayado (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish desmayado (“disheartened”).


doble

ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
duble (alternative)
dubli (alternative obsolete)


wais

ᜏᜁᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜏᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ways (alternative uncommon)

Borrowed from English wise, with an older spelling of diphthongs on loanwords but now read as two separate vowels.


grabe

→ Tausug: garabi

Borrowed from Spanish grave, from Latin gravis. See also bruto, gulo, and guro.

Grabe 'yong nangyaring lindol sa Hapon!

The earthquake that happened in Japan was outrageous!

Grabe na talaga ang krimen dito sa Maynila!

The crimes here in Manila are really getting out of control!

Grabe ang kanyang kondisyon, at kailangan niyang magpahinga.

His condition is grave, and he needs to rest.


pasmado

Borrowed from Spanish pasmado (“astonished; frozen stiff”). By surface analysis, pasma + -ado.

suffering from pasma (categorized by hand tremors, palm sweating, numbness, and pain)


limas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limas.

inh+

scooped out of water with a pail or bucket (of a boat, well, canal, etc.)


pisan

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pisan. Doublet of pinsan.


mamad

softened and puffed up because of long immersion in liquid


mataba

tl-adj

matabâ (plural matataba, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜊ)

matabâ (canonical)
matataba (plural)
ᜋᜆᜊ (Baybayin)


mataras

mataras (plural matataras, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜇᜐ᜔)


operado

operated on; having had undergone surgery


rebosado

Borrowed from Spanish rebozado (“battered”).


Italyano

Borrowed from Spanish italiano. By surface analysis, Italya + -ano.


rematado

forfeited; lost due to failure to redeem (due to non-payment, by default, terms of commerce, etc.)


retirado

tl-adj

retirado (feminine retirada, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪o]


saludo

Saludo ako sa bawat parte ng katawan mo pero mas saludo ako sayo.

2022, Thricia Ramiruz, Magkasintahan XIII, Ukiyoto Publishing, page 7:

I am filled with admiration for every part of your body but I admire you more.

(colloquial) filled with admiration (for someone or someone's actions)


sobra

Borrowed from Spanish sobra. Doublet of subla.


subo

From Proto-Philippine *súbuq (“put something into or through an opening”). Compare Ilocano subo, Kapampangan subu, and Bikol Central subo. Alternatively, from Hokkien 嘴末 (chhùi-boa̍h) according to Manuel (1948).


suspendido

tl-adj

suspendido (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


tumbas

sufficient; enough (especially in equivalence to something)


walang hiya

waláng hiyâ (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜎᜅ᜔ ᜑᜒᜌ)

waláng hiyâ (canonical)
ᜏᜎᜅ᜔ ᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


alimango

ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
alimang̃o (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-maŋu. Compare Cebuano alimango, Hiligaynon alimango, and Yami alimango.

Alimango ang buwan.

(astronomy, figurative, obsolete) gibbous (of the moon)


ulol

ulól (canonical)
ᜂᜎᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
olol (alternative)
ol-ol (alternative)
ul-ol (alternative obsolete)


luma

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lúmaq (“old, worn out”). Compare Malay lama.

inh+

remaining from the previous year (of harvested crops)


luma

reduced in volume or quantity (by pounding, chewing, grinding, etc.)


bendito

tl-adj

bendito (feminine bendita, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

bendita (feminine)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
bindito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bendito, from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictus.


rubi

Borrowed from Spanish rubí (“ruby”), from Catalan robí, from Old French rubin, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.


hawa

hawa (canonical)
hawà (canonical)
ᜑᜏ (Baybayin)
haua (alternative)

caused by contact, contamination, or infection (of a disease)

caused by a foreign matter (of a stain or discoloration)


sandali

sandalî (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
sangdali (alternative)

[sɐn̪.d̪ɐˈlɪʔ]

[sɐn̪.d̪ɐˈlɛʔ]

From san- + dali (“shortness of duration”).

Para n͠g halamang lumaguí sa tubig, / daho,i, malalantá munting dî madilig, / iquinalolo-óy ang sandaling init, / gayón din ang púsong sa toua,i, mani-ig.

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Florante at Laura:

brief; momentary; for a moment; for a very short time


sandali

sandalì (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
sangdali (alternative)


saglit

Nagmeryenda lang ako nang saglit bago ako bumalik sa trabaho.

I had a brief snack before I went back to work.


tanghali

tanghalì (canonical)
ᜆᜅ᜔ᜑᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
tanhali (alternative obsolete)

[t̪ɐŋˈhaː.lɪʔ]

Borrowed from Malay tengah hari (“noon”). Compare Remontado Agta tanghari.

bor+

late in the morning (with the sun already high up in the sky)

Naku trapik! Tanghali na tayo sa panonoorin natin sa 6PM!

Oh no a traffic jam! We're already late for our 6 pm movie!

It's noon already for us for our 6PM (movie).

Kinabukasan ay inihanda ng ina ang paninda ni Maring. Nasa ibaba nang lahat ang paninda ngunit hindi pa bumababa si Maring. "Tanghali ka na!" sigaw ng ina. "Ano ba ang ginagawa mo pa?"

(by extension) already late for something (said with na)


Vaticano

alternative spelling of Batikano: Vatican


bilog

From Proto-Southern Philippine *bilúg. The sense “liquor; gin” is based on the shape of small gin bottles.


bulag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaʀ. Compare Ilocano bulag, Kapampangan bulag, Cebuano bulhog, and Malay bular.

(figurative) lacking understanding; lacking insight


dagdag

dagdág (canonical)
ᜇᜄ᜔ᜇᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
ragrag (alternative)

[d̪ɐɡˈd̪aɡ̚]

Compare Bikol Central dagdag and Kapampangan dagdag.


dapat

ᜇᜉᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
da't (alternative contraction)
dat (alternative contraction)
rapat (alternative)

Compare Hiligaynon dapat and Malay dapat.


nila

Borrowed from Sanskrit नील (nī́la). Doublet of anyil and lila.


suya

Possibly from Hokkien 衰啊 (soe--a!, “how unlucky!”). Compare Bikol Central suya and Cebuano suya.


talento

Borrowed from Spanish talento, from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”).


lipas

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləpas (“to set free, let loose, liberated; passed by, come to an end”). Compare Ilocano leppas, Maranao lepas, and Malay lepas. Doublet of alpas and lapas.

inh+

having a property or characteristic lost due to elapsed time

impotent; ineffective (of drugs, chemicals, etc.)


todas

Borrowed from Spanish todas, feminine plural of todo. Doublet of todo.

(slang) with everything used up or consumed

(slang) without any exception; including all


ingrato

tl-adj

ingrato (feminine ingrata, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆᜓ)

ingrata (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
inggrato (alternative)

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾaː.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish ingrato, from Latin ingrātus.

Dahil sa tinatawag na pagtulong ng mga Amerkano'y nilalait tay't iniinsulto ng kanilang mga pinuno mga senadores nila't mga kinatawan — na tayo daw ay tanga, hindi marunong, at ingrato pa.


alala

alalá (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎ (Baybayin)
alaala (alternative)


ungi

tilted; unbalanced (of a badly made chair, table, etc.)


ignorante

ignorante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪɡ.n̪oˈɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


bakbak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakbak (“peel off, of skin; remove the bark of a tree”). Compare Hokkien 剝 /剥 (pak, “to peel”).

inh

detached; decorticated; peeled off; scraped off


korni

Borrowed from English corny, from Middle English corny.

corny; clichéd; trite; contrived (of a joke, etc.)


halhal

(offensive) prone to silly laughing without cause (usually said of women)


impertinente

tl-adj

impertinente (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪm.pɛɾ.t̪ɪˈn̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


kapitan

kapitán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
capitan (alternative)


klinika

Borrowed from Spanish clínica, from Latin clīnicē, from Ancient Greek κλῑνῐκή (klīnĭkḗ). Doublet of klinik.


responsable

responsable (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


residente

residente (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


lala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq (“to sting, of a wound or spices in food”). Doublet of lara.


lala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laja (“to plait, weave by hand, of baskets or mats”).


paga

See baga (“abscess; tumor”). Possibly a back-formation of maga (“swollen”).


malati

malatî (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
malate (alternative)

[mɐ.lɐˈt̪ɪʔ]


muli

mulí (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
moli (alternative)

muli sa ama

looking like one's parents due to inheritance


ingrata

ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜆ (Baybayin)
inggrata (alternative)

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾaː.t̪ɐ]


malata

tl-adj

malatâ (plural malalata, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜆ)

malatâ (canonical)
malalata (plural)
ᜋᜎᜆ (Baybayin)


suprema

[sʊˈpɾɛː.mɐ]


humano

Borrowed from Spanish humano, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon), or possibly due to a desire to differentiate from similar words, namely umano (compare historya).

Ang tanging pag-aaksaya na bumabalisa sa mga Americano ay hindi material kundi ang mga kayamanang humano.


amable

Borrowed from Spanish amable, from Latin amābilis.


sukat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Aklanon sukat, Kapampangan sukad, Malay sukat, and Tetum sukat.


sukat

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


katan

Borrowed from Malay khatan (“circumcision”), from Arabic خَتْن (ḵatn, “circumcision”).


olat

[ˈʔoː.lɐt̪̚]


suot

suót (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜂᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
soot (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *suq(ə)lút. Compare Botolan Sambal holot, Kapampangan sulud, Bikol Central sulot, Cebuano sul-ot, and Maranao solot. Doublet of sulot.


sarat

snub; short and turned up at the tip (of one's nose)


anot

close-cropped; close-cut (as of hair or grass)


kanan

Borrowed from Malay kanan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ka-)wanan, from Proto-Austronesian *(ka-)wanaN. Compare Yami wanan, Ivatan wanan, Ibatan kawanan, Ilocano kanawan, Tuwali Ifugao wawwan, Kapampangan uanan, Tagbanwa iwanan, Maranao kawanan, and Maguindanao kawanan.


tapat

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat

direct; straight (as a route to a certain place)

Ang pag-ibig ko sa iyo ay tapat.

Siya ay tapat kong kaibigan.

Tapat ako sa aking trabaho.

Tapat kitang paglilingkuran.

upfront; frank; candid; straightforward; open


maiksi

tl-adj

maiksî (plural maiiksi, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜒ)

maiksî (canonical)
maiiksi (plural)
ᜋᜁᜃ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
maigsi (alternative)

[mɐ.ʔɪkˈsɪʔ]


kalma

Borrowed from Spanish calma, from Late Latin cauma, ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma).


sags

From clipping of saging (“banana”) + -s. Bananas can be opened if one can peel it. “peel it” is homophonic with Tagalog pilit (“forced”).


tingi

Borrowed from Hokkien 中意 (tèng-ì, “to suit one's desire”) as per Manuel (1948).


kulot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulut (“curly-haired”). Compare Ilocano kulot, Pangasinan kulut, Kapampangan kulut, and Cebuano kulot.

"Kulot" ang tawag sa kanya dahil sa kanyang kulot na buhok.

They call him "Curly" because of his curly hair.

(music, colloquial) melismatic (in singing)


kupit

From Proto-Philippine *kupit (“pilfering, filching, stealing small amounts”).


kipot

kipót (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜉᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
qipot (alternative)
quipot (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kiput (“narrow”).

inh+

somewhat narrow or small (of width, a hole, etc.)


aerea

[ʔɐˌɛː.ɾɛˈa]


alam

Borrowed from Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world, universe”), from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/ellamu, illamu/). Compare Bikol Central aram.

der

Aramaic עָלְמָא


erado

[ʔɛˈɾaː.d̪o]


piing

dented (of metal, tin cans, parts of automobiles, etc.)


munti

muntî (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
monti (alternative)


oks

From English OK + -s (“suffix for slang”).


lokal

Borrowed from Spanish local. Doublet of lugar.

local (pertaining to a certain locality)


haling

Ikaw ang dapat kong tanungin ug gan- yan, Fanny, sapagka't sa pakiramdam ko ba'y haling na haling ka kay Edward, kung kaya't wala kang malamang gawin. — Ayoko nga, pinsan, ng ganyang biro. Ang mabuti'y magbaugon ka at magbihis ...

1917, Gerardo Chanco Reyes, Mahigit sa ginto: kasaysayan ng isang babaing malaya:

obsessed with; passionately fond of; mad about


anos

burnt; overcooked (said of food, esp. rice)


interesado

tl-adj

interesado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


nordeste

ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish nordeste (“northeast”).


absoluto

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
absuluto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish absoluto, from Latin absolūtus. Doublet of absuwelto.


pulos

Early borrowing from Spanish puros, plural of puro. Compare Cebuano pulos. Doublet of puro.

pulos na ginto


halata

Borrowed from Sanskrit अर्थय (arthaya, “to perceive”), according to Potet (2016).


granate

[ɡɾɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish granate, from Occitan granat, from Medieval Latin grānātus. Doublet of granada.


ukit

[ˈʔuː.xɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ukir. Compare Kapampangan dukit and Malay ukir.


analitika

analítiká (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


pingot

slightly nicked at the edge, such as on a plate, etc.


lukot

lukót (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
locot (alternative)

crumpled; rumpled; with creases or wrinkles


absurdo

Borrowed from Spanish absurdo, from Latin absurdus.


muhi

muhî (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜑᜒ (Baybayin)
muha (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मोह (moha, “delusion”). Compare Kapampangan mua.

intensely annoyed or disgusted; having an extreme feeling of dislike, almost bordering on hate


laon

laón (canonical)
ᜎᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lauon (alternative)
lawon (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laun.

inh+

old; antiquated; antique (especially of vintage wine or rice from a previous year's harvest)


tapon

wasteful, fond of wasting materials (of a person)


gatas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas. Compare Nias ota (“udder”).


soberano

Borrowed from Spanish soberano, ultimately from Latin super. Doublet of soprano.


abot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qábut. Compare Aklanon abot, Bikol Central abot, Casiguran Dumagat Agta abut, Ilocano ma-abut, Mansaka abot, and Kapampangan abut.

Abot mo ba ang tinuro ng guro kanina?

Is what the teacher taught a while ago graspable to you?

(figurative) comprehensible; graspable; understandable (of something hard to understand)


bingot

notched or dented, as on the rim of earthenware and glassware


buking

(colloquial) busted; found out; revealed (of something that someone wants hidden)


abundante

tl-adj

abundante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abundante. Compare Cebuano abunda and Hiligaynon abunda.


panggang

From Proto-Philippine *paŋgaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋgaŋ (“roast over a fire; toast”).


sama-sama

Reduplication of sama (“join; accompany”).


mamaw

Borrowed from Cebuano mamaw (“monster; devil; demon”). Compare Hiligaynon mamaw (“Elf, goblin, sprite, fairy, ghost, etc.”).


lekat

[ˈlɛː.xɐt̪̚]

Unknown. See also likat (“interruption”) and Kapampangan lekat (“sticky”).

Ayoko makita ang lekat na batang iyan!

indicating displeasure or disappointment towards someone or something: damn


asado

Borrowed from Spanish asado. Semantically equivalent to inasal.

oven-roasted (of meat, especially with condiments)


malas

From a clipping of Spanish mala suerte (“bad luck”). Compare Ilocano malas, Kapampangan dimalas, Bikol Central demalas, Cebuano demalas, and Hiligaynon dimalas.


guwapo

tl-adj

guwapo (feminine guwapa, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜉᜓ)

guwapa (feminine)
ᜄᜓᜏᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
gwapo (alternative)
guapo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish guapo (“handsome”), ultimately from Latin vappa.


sayang

tl-adj

sayang or sayáng (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜌᜅ᜔)

sayang (canonical)
sayáng (canonical)
ᜐᜌᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”). Compare Bikol Central sayang, Kapampangan sayang, and Malay sayang.


sipi

From Proto-Austronesian *səpiq (“break off fruit or branches”). Compare Kapampangan aspi, Bikol Central sapi, Maranao sepi', and Western Bukidnon Manobo sepi'.

broken off or torn with one's fingernails, fingers, or hand (of twigs, small branches, sprouts, shoots, etc.)


hangos

tl-adj

hangós or hangos (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜅᜓᜐ᜔)

hangós (canonical)
hangos (canonical)
ᜑᜅᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ultimately from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋos (cf. Cebuano hangos).


iba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ibah (“companion, close relative, other one”), from Proto-Austronesian *ibaS (“companion, close relative, other one”).


taos

penetrating to the bottom or from one side to another

(by extension) sincere; genuine; true; heartfelt


epal

fond of drawing attention or butting in (of a person)


lula

lulâ (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜎ (Baybayin)
lola (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit लोल (lola, “unsteady, restless”).


sikat

sikát (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
sicat (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *sikat (“sunrise, rising sun; to show off, be ostentatious, parade one’s talents, possessions, etc.”).

inh

(figurative) famous; popular; well-known


amargo

Borrowed from Spanish amargo, from Old Spanish amaro (“bitter”), from Latin amārus.


namin

ᜈᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
namen (alternative colloquial)

kamag-anak namin


baling

From (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋ (“bent, twisted”). Compare Malay baling.


bahay

Elision of /l/ from *balay, from Proto-Central Philippine *balay, from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay. Cognate with Kapampangan bale, Asi bayay, Cebuano balay /bay, Hiligaynon balay, Mansaka baray, Tausug bāy, Malay balai, Maori whare, Hawaiian hale, Rukai balriw, Palauan bai, and Yami vahay.


komunista

ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
kumunista (alternative)
kumonista (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish comunista (“communist”).

bor+

Ang Biyetnam at Kuba ay mga halimbawa ng mga lipunang komunista.

Vietnam and Cuba are examples of communist societies.

communist (advocating, supporting or relating to communism)


buro

Borrowed from Malay budu. Compare Cebuano buro, Hiligaynon buro, Ilocano buro, Kapampangan buru, and Indonesian budu.


maldita

tl-adj

maldita (masculine maldito, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.

2014, J. Corcinto, Teka, Wait...Di Ako Prepared, Arcenciel Publishing
Parang lahat na lang ng sinasabi niya na tatabunan nung malalalim na paghinga niya saka paghihikbi. Na imagine ko noon sa siguro maganda yung babae. Ang maldita din kasi nung matapobreng Mamma nung babae sa radyo! Oo. Mamma!

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


antigo

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
antiguo (alternative)
antigwo (alternative)

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪iː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish antiguo, from Old Spanish antigo, from Latin antīquus.


kristal

kristál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cristal, from Old Spanish cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”).


entendido

tl-adj

entendido (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
intendido (alternative)
intindido (alternative)


kalba

Borrowed from Spanish calva, feminine of calvo.

(uncommon) bald; bald-headed (of females)


lapok

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapuk. Cognate with Malay lapuk.

inh+

decayed; rotten (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


Armenya

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)
Armenia (alternative)

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈmɛn̪.jɐ]


sara

Borrowed from Spanish cerrar, from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“fasten, bolt”). Compare Cebuano sira.


galante

(by extension, colloquial) having confidence for or lacking fear of spending too much money


handa

handâ (canonical)
ᜑᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
hanra (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *haNdaʔ (“ready; to prepare for”).


tange

tangê (canonical)
ᜆᜅᜒ (Baybayin)
tangek (alternative)


konyo

tl-adj

konyo (feminine konya, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ)

konya (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
conyo (alternative)
coño (alternative)

Possibly from Spanish coño (“cunt; pussy; damn!”) or Spanish de nuevo cuño (“(of a person) who has recently entered a profession, union or social class.”). The sense referring to “coming from a wealthy family” is said to have come from high-class people who curse “Coño!” during the 1950s. Compare English conyo. See also English valley girl, Spanish fresa.

noncog

predominantly Anglophone and seemingly wealthy


abnegado

tl-adj

abnegado (feminine abnegada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜒᜄᜇᜓ)


abonado

abonado (feminine abonada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜈᜇᜓ)

abonada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜓᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
abunado (alternative)

obliged to pay out money for someone else


abrigado

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈɣaː.d̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigado. By surface analysis, abrigo + -ado. Compare Cebuano abrigawo.


absorbente

absorbente (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


lawa

lawà (canonical)
ᜎᜏ (Baybayin)
laua (alternative)

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rawaq (“swamp; morass”). Cognate with Javanese ꦫꦮ (rawa), Indonesian, Malay rawa /rawah (“marsh”), and Sundanese ranca (“swamp”).

inh

(figurative) flooded; covered with water


baya

Borrowed from Spanish baya, from French baie, from Latin baca.


taksan

Borrowed from Japanese 沢山(たくさん) (takusan).

(slang, dated) much; many; plenty of (usually reduplicated)


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]

inutil na pinuno


seko

Borrowed from Spanish seco (“dry”), from Latin siccus.


piit

[ˈpiː.ʔɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Philippine *piət (“narrow; tight”). Compare Agutaynen piet, Bikol Central piot, Aklanon piot, Cebuano piot, Hiligaynon piot, and Malay piat.


sungal

sungál (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜅᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sung-al (alternative)

having the upper teeth or lip more prominent than the lower


sulit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulit (“difficult, complicated”).

Ang sulit naman ng pagkain!

(colloquial) worth the money; reasonably priced; cost-effective (of a product or service)

(colloquial, by extension) worthwhile (of one's time spent, opportunities, etc.)

regained; having one's capital in an investment


sulit

already recovered (of one's capital investment)


lapit

lapít (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
lapet (alternative colloquial)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapət (“to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapət (“to join together, attach tightly”). Compare Indonesian rapat (“close; tight”), Javanese ꦫꦥꦼꦠ꧀ (rapet, “tightly closed; close; next to”), Malagasy rafitra (“carpenter's work, masonry”).


kanal

Borrowed from Spanish canal (“canal”), from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”).

(figurative, colloquial) vulgar; indecent


bitin

awkwardly short (of clothes, fabric, etc.)

inadequate, leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)

dissatisfied due to inadequacy (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


adamantino

tl-adj

adamantino (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish adamantino, from Latin adamantinus, from Ancient Greek ἀδαμάντινος (adamántinos). Doublet of diyamantino.


saad

saád (canonical)
ᜐᜀᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
saar (alternative)

[ˈsaː.ʔɐd̪̚]


yari

Yari ka.


yari

Yari na ang mga damit.

Yari na ba ang palabas?


lawlaw

lawláw (canonical)
ᜎᜏ᜔ᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
laolao (alternative)
laulau (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 落落 (làu-làu, “loose”), according to Manuel (1948), or possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 老 (lāu, “old”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). However, Zorc (1985) disagrees and offers a more native etymon. Compare Cebuano lawlaw and Kapampangan lolo.

bor+

dangling; sagging; hanging down; hanging loose


lawlaw

stirred up making it dirty (of water or liquid)


anga

open-mouthed; mouth agape (as if manifesting ignorance)


lanta

From Southern Luzon axis *lanta (“wilted”). Compare Kapampangan lanta and Bikol Central lanta. See also Batad Ifugao langta (“greenness”).

mga lantang gulay

withered; faded (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


kupal

ᜃᜓᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
copal (alternative)
dupal (alternative)

The word has been existing and even used as an insult since the 17th century. The etymology of the colloquial sense which derived from backslang of pa-cool, from pa- + English cool, literally “trying to be cool” may be false.

af

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole; bitch; prick


maamo

tl-adj

maamò (plural maaamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜋᜓ)

maamò (canonical)
maaamo (plural)
ᜋᜀᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


lapat

properly closed (of a door, window, etc.)


respetable

respetable (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


optimista

optimista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


hilata

lying down on one's back (lazily or in abandon)


kontra

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
kuntra (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish contra, from Latin contrā.


hupa

hupâ (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜉ (Baybayin)
hipa (alternative)


asul

asúl (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
asol (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish azul, from Old Spanish azur, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Classical Persian لَاجَوَرْد (lājaward, “lapis lazuli”). Compare English azure.


dilaw

diláw (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
dilao (alternative)
dilau (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *dilaw (“turmeric; yellow”). Compare Ilocano duyaw, Pangasinan duyaw, Kapampangan dilo, Aklanon dueaw, and Cebuano dulaw.
The political senses' origin can be traced from the song Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree, a song recorded by Tony Orlando and Dawn, which was chosen to be played by friends and supporters of Benigno "Ninoy" Simeon Aquino Jr. to welcome him for his return to the Philippines on August 21, 1983 after three years from his self-imposed exile in the United States. The song told a story of a released prisoner of coincidentally, also three long years, and is uncertain whether his girlfriend will welcome him home so the prisoner wrote a letter to his girlfriend to tie a yellow ribbon around the “ole oak tree” to signify that he is welcome to go home. After Aquino's assassination on the same day of his return, the yellow ribbon and color became a symbol associated with Aquino and the opposition led by his widowed wife, Corazon Aquino, against the Marcos regime.
The term has been used by politicians to attack allies of PDP-LABAN, Ninoy Aquino's political party at the time, back in the 1980s. Its usage has been revived after Benigno Simeon "Noynoy" Aquino III, son of Ninoy Aquino, ran for presidency for the 2010 Philippine presidential election under the Liberal Party of the Philippines, with yellow as his campaign color after the death of Corazon Aquino. Ninoy Aquino also was a senator who formerly ran under the Liberal Party. Hence, the color associated with the Aquinos also became associated with the Liberal Party and liberalism itself locally.

inh

(Philippine politics, slang) liberal; of the Liberal Party


berde

Borrowed from Spanish verde (“green”), from Old Spanish verde, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Kapampangan berdi.

(figurative, colloquial) lewd; indecent; risqué; blue; green


luntian

tl-adj

luntian or luntián (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

luntian (canonical)
luntián (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


maganda

magandá (plural magaganda, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

magandá (canonical)
magaganda (plural)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
ganda (root)
maganda (singular)
magaganda (plural)
mas maganda (singular superior)
mas magaganda (plural superior)
hindi gaanong maganda (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magaganda (inferior plural)
kasingganda (equal)
ang pinakamaganda (relative singular)
ang pinakamagaganda (plural relative)
napakamaganda (absolute singular)
napakamagaganda (absolute plural)
pagkaganda (absolute singular)
pagkaganda-ganda (absolute plural)
maganra (alternative)

Magandang gabi.


pangit

ᜉᜅᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
panget (alternative colloquial)

[ˈpaː.ŋɪt̪̚]

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]

bad; not good (material or abstract quality)


baliw

balíw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
balio (alternative)
baliu (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliw (“return”), from Proto-Austronesian *baliw (“return”). Compare Bikol Central baliw, Cebuano baliw, and Maranao baloy. Doublet of ibayo.


baliw

ᜊᜎᜒᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
balio (alternative)
baliu (alternative)


masama

masamâ (plural masasama, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋ)

masamâ (canonical)
masasama (plural)
ᜋᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


sarado

Borrowed from Spanish cerrado (“closed”).

bor+

stuffed or stopped up (of one's nose, pipes, etc.)


magaspang

magaspáng (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


makinis

tl-adj

makinis (plural makikinis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔)


matangkad

matangkád (plural matatangkad, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔)

matangkád (canonical)
matatangkad (plural)
ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
matangkar (alternative)

tall and slender; awkwardly long and thin


matalino

matalino (plural matatalino, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜎᜒᜈᜓ)


kulang

Borrowed from Malay kurang. Compare Ilocano kurang, Kapampangan kulang, Bikol Central kulang, Cebuano kuwang, and Maranao korang.


masaya

masayá (plural masasaya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜌ)

masayá (canonical)
masasaya (plural)
ᜋᜐᜌ (Baybayin)


malilim

malilim (plural malililim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔)


bantog

[bɐn̪ˈt̪oɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bantug. Compare Sambali bantog, Bikol Central bantog, Masbatenyo bantog, Cebuano bantog, Hiligaynon bantug, Mansaka bantog, Maranao bantog, Western Bukidnon Manobo bantug, and Tausug bantug.

famous; popular; well-known; illustrious


bastos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos, plural of basto.


matapang

matapang (plural matatapang, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜉᜅ᜔)

strong (having an offensive or intense odor or flavor)

strong (having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient)


mayaman

mayaman (plural mayayaman, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌᜋᜈ᜔)


mahirap

mahirap (plural mahihirap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔)

mahihirap (plural)
ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
hirap (root)
mahirap (singular)
mahihirap (plural)
mas mahirap (singular superior)
mas mahihirap (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mahirap (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mahihirap (inferior plural)
kasinghirap (equal)
ang pinakamahirap (relative singular)
ang pinakamahihirap (plural relative)
napakamahirap (absolute singular)
napakamahihirap (absolute plural)
pagkahirap (absolute singular)
pagkahirap-hirap (absolute plural)

Mahirap ang exam.

Mahirap lang kami.


malaki

malakí (plural malalaki, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜃᜒ)

malakí (canonical)
malalaki (plural)
ᜋᜎᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
laki (root)
malaki (singular)
malalaki (plural)
mas malaki (singular superior)
mas malalaki (plural superior)
hindi gaanong malaki (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong malalaki (inferior plural)
kasinlaki (equal)
ang pinakamalaki (relative singular)
ang pinakamalalaki (plural relative)
napakamalaki (absolute singular)
napakamalalaki (absolute plural)
pagkalaki (absolute singular)
pagkalaki-laki (absolute plural)
malaqui (alternative)


maliit

maliít (plural maliliit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔)

maliít (canonical)
maliliit (plural)
ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
maliyit (alternative obsolete)

[mɐ.lɪˈʔɪt̪̚]

[mɐˈliː.ʔɪt̪̚]


malawak

malawak (plural malalawak, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜏᜃ᜔)

malalawak (plural)
ᜋᜎᜏᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
malauac (alternative)


mapait

mapaít (plural mapapait, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔)

mapaít (canonical)
mapapait (plural)
ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
pait (root)
mapait (singular)
mapapait (plural)
mas mapait (singular superior)
mas mapapait (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mapait (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mapapait (inferior plural)
kasiait (equal)
ang pinakamapait (relative singular)
ang pinakamapapait (plural relative)
napakamapait (absolute singular)
napakamapapait (absolute plural)
pagkapait (absolute singular)
pagkapait-pait (absolute plural)

[mɐ.pɐˈʔɪt̪̚]


matamis

matamís (plural matatamis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔)

matamís (canonical)
matatamis (plural)
ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
matam-is (alternative)


masarap

masaráp (plural masasarap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔)

masaráp (canonical)
masasarap (plural)
ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


payapa

Ficus drupacea
Wikispecies:Ficus drupacea


marami

marami (plural mararami, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜒ)

mararami (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
dami (root)
marami (singular)
mararami (plural)
mas marami (singular superior)
mas mararami (plural superior)
hindi gaanong marami (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mararami (inferior plural)
kasindami (equal)
ang pinakamarami (relative singular)
ang pinakamararami (plural relative)
napakamarami (absolute singular)
napakamararami (absolute plural)
pagkarami (absolute singular)
pagkarami-rami (absolute plural)
madami (alternative)


makapal

makapál (canonical)
ᜋᜃᜉᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
macapal (alternative)

Makapal ang tela ng damit kaya mainit ang pakiramdam kapag isinuot ito.

The shirt's fabric is thick hence wearing it feels hot.


manipis

manipís (plural maninipis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔)

manipís (canonical)
maninipis (plural)
ᜋᜈᜒᜉᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
malipis (alternative)


matayog

matayog (plural matatayog, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜌᜓᜄ᜔)


marikit

marikít (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜒᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mariquit (alternative)

[mɐ.ɾɪˈxɪt̪̚]

From ma- + dikit. Potet (2016) surmises the radiant sense to be influenced by Sanskrit मरीचि (marīci, “ray of light”).


malumbay

malumbáy (plural malulumbay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

malumbáy (canonical)
malulumbay (plural)
ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


tamad

tamád (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tamar (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tamád. Compare Cuyunon tamad and Cebuano tamad. See also Ilocano tamlag.


kaunti

kauntî (canonical)
ᜃᜂᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
konti (alternative colloquial)
konte (alternative colloquial)
caunti (alternative)

[kɐ.ʔʊn̪ˈt̪ɪʔ]

Kaunting tao lang ang dumating.

Kaunti lang ang kinain ko.


nerbiyoso

nerbiyoso (feminine nerbiyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

nerbiyosa (feminine)
ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
nerbyoso (alternative)


masayahin

From masaya (“happy”) + -hin, literally “prone to being happy”.


matibay

tl-adj

matibay (plural matitibay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔)


salbahe

Borrowed from Spanish salvaje (“wild; savage”).

bor+

(by extension) notoriously cunning or abusive


malinaw

tl-adj

malinaw (plural malilinaw, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜈᜏ᜔)


mabagyo

mabagyó (plural mababagyo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ)

mabagyó (canonical)
mababagyo (plural)
ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
bagyo (root)
mabagyo (singular)
mababagyo (plural)
mas mabagyo (singular superior)
mas mababagyo (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabagyo (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababagyo (inferior plural)
kasimbagyo (equal)
ang pinakamabagyo (relative singular)
ang pinakamababagyo (plural relative)
napakamabagyo (absolute singular)
napakamababagyo (absolute plural)
pagkabagyo (absolute singular)
pagkabagyo-bagyo (absolute plural)

stormy; frequented by typhoons (of a place)


bukas

bukás (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bucas (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu(ŋ)kas, from Proto-Austronesian *bukas (“to release; to undo”).


suwapang

ᜐᜓᜏᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
s'wapang (alternative contraction)
swapang (alternative)

Possibly Chinese, according to Zorc (1993) & Santos (1978), possibly Hokkien 山崩地裂 (soaⁿ-pang-tōe-li̍h, “uproarious; riotous; outrageous”, literally “the mountains collapse and the earth splits open”). Compare Cebuano swapang (“oppressively opportunistic”).


inaantok

ináantók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˌn̪aː.ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]

From in- + antok, with initial reduplication of antok.


masigla

tl-adj

masiglá (plural masisigla, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

masiglá (canonical)
masisigla (plural)
ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


marupok

marupók (plural marurupok, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

marupók (canonical)
marurupok (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + dupok (“(of wood) to rot or become weak”). The 3rd sense is often explained as being a derivative of pokpok (“lewd, skanky”).

prefix

(colloquial, of a person) frail; easily seduced


mababaw

tl-adj

mababaw (plural mabababaw, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔)

mabababaw (plural)
ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
babaw (root)
mababaw (singular)
mabababaw (plural)
mas mababaw (singular superior)
mas mabababaw (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mababaw (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabababaw (inferior plural)
kasimbabaw (equal)
ang pinakamababaw (relative singular)
ang pinakamabababaw (plural relative)
napakamababaw (absolute singular)
napakamabababaw (absolute plural)
pagkababaw (absolute singular)
pagkababaw-babaw (absolute plural)

trifling; frivolous; shallow; superficial


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Kapampangan abala, Pangasinan abala, and Casiguran Dumagat Agta abala. Zorc (1979) posits the senses “busy; preoccupied” were borrowed from Pangasinan abala, from Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”) with semantic shift.

Wala akong oras dahil abala ako sa pangangalaga sa lolo ko.

I've no time because I'm busy taking care of my grandfather.

absorbed; obsessed; engrossed; preoccupied

Abala naman ang pinagagawa mo sa akin.

What you're asking me to do is troublesome.


batugan

[bɐˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]


makitid

makitid (plural makikitid, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

makikitid (plural)
ᜋᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
makitir (alternative)


maparaan

maparaán (plural mapaparaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

maparaán (canonical)
mapaparaan (plural)
ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + paraan, literally “full of means/ways”.


suwerte

ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
suerte (alternative)
swerte (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish suerte (“luck”), from Old Spanish suerte, from Latin sortem.


pagod

pagód (canonical)
ᜉᜄᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
pagor (alternative)


nakaumbok

nakaumbók (canonical)
ᜈᜃᜂᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


higante

Borrowed from Spanish gigante (“giant”). Displaced tayarak.

Hindi kaya ginamit ang higanteng gagamba sa pelikula?

2005, Brenda V. Fajardo, Ang inukit na kaalamang bayan ng Paete, →ISBN, page 103:


maalalahanin

tl-adj

maalalahanín (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

maalalahanín (canonical)
ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


magastos

magastos (plural magagastos, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔)


maasim

maasim (plural maaasim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜐᜒᜋ᜔)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qaləsəm (“sour”). By surface analysis, ma- + asim. Compare Aklanon maaslom, Asi maaslom, Bikol Central maalsom, Cebuano maaslom, Malay masam, Urak Lawoi' มาซับ (masap), and Waray-Waray maaslom.


mapagbigay

mapagbigáy (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔)

mapagbigáy (canonical)
ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.pɐɡ.bɪˈɣaɪ̯]


matino

sensible; judicious; decent; sane; unbroken


disente

[d̪ɪˈsɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


tatsulok

tatsulók (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blend of tatlo (“three”) + sulok (“corner”), coined in the 20th century.

blend

three-cornered; involving three persons, factions, parts, etc.


matiyaga

[mɐ.t͡ʃɐˈɣaʔ]


pikon

Borrowed from Spanish picón (“lampoon; abusive writing; ridicule; mockery”), from pica + -ón.

bor+

cranky; touchy; oversensitive; irritated; easily piqued or angered (by jokes); unable to take a joke


mabango

tl-adj

mabangó (plural mababango, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜅᜓ)

mabangó (canonical)
mababango (plural)
ᜋᜊᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
bango (root)
mabango (singular)
mababango (plural)
mas mabango (singular superior)
mas mababango (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabango (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababango (inferior plural)
kasimbango (equal)
ang pinakamabango (relative singular)
ang pinakamababango (plural relative)
napakamabango (absolute singular)
napakamababango (absolute plural)
pagkabango (absolute singular)
pagkabango-bango (absolute plural)


malasa

malasa (plural malalasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜐ)


matalbog

matalbóg (plural matatalbog, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜄ᜔)

matalbóg (canonical)
matatalbog (plural)
ᜋᜆᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


upod

made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


madilim

madilím (plural madidilim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔)

madilím (canonical)
madidilim (plural)
ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
dilim (root)
madilim (singular)
madidilim (plural)
mas madilim (singular superior)
mas madidilim (plural superior)
hindi gaanong madilim (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madidilim (inferior plural)
kasindilim (equal)
ang pinakamadilim (relative singular)
ang pinakamadidilim (plural relative)
napakamadilim (absolute singular)
napakamadidilim (absolute plural)
pagkadilim (absolute singular)
pagkadilim-dilim (absolute plural)


maliwanag

maliwanag (plural maliliwanag, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄ᜔)

maliliwanag (plural)
ᜋᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
maliuanag (alternative)

Maliwanag ba?


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


magaan

magaán or magaan (plural magagaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔)

magaán (canonical)
magaan (canonical)
magagaan (plural)
ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
gaan (root)
magaan (singular)
magagaan (plural)
mas magaan (singular superior)
mas magagaan (plural superior)
hindi gaanong magaan (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magagaan (inferior plural)
kasinggaan (equal)
ang pinakamagaan (relative singular)
ang pinakamagagaan (plural relative)
napakamagaan (absolute singular)
napakamagagaan (absolute plural)
pagkagaan (absolute singular)
pagkagaan-gaan (absolute plural)

[mɐ.ɣɐˈʔan̪]

[mɐˈɣaː.ʔɐn̪]