mabigat

mabigát (plural mabibigat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔)

mabigát (canonical)
mabibigat (plural)
ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
bigat (root)
mabigat (singular)
mabibigat (plural)
mas mabigat (singular superior)
mas mabibigat (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabigat (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabibigat (inferior plural)
kasimbigat (equal)
ang pinakamabigat (relative singular)
ang pinakamabibigat (plural relative)
napakamabigat (absolute singular)
napakamabibigat (absolute plural)
pagkabigat (absolute singular)
pagkabigat-bigat (absolute plural)
mabig-at (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat. By surface analysis, ma- + bigat.

Sabay-sabay nilang itinulak ang mabigat na dyip nang 'di na ito makatakbo.

They pushed the heavy jeepney together when it could no longer start up.

Mabigat ang krisis ng gutom sa mahihirap na sektor ng bansa.

The hunger crisis is heavy onto the poorest sectors of the country

Mabigat ang porsiyento ng mga exam sa klaseng ito kumpara sa mga proyekto.

The percentage of the exam has more weight as against the projects.

Nasasabaw ako sa mabibigat na mga teoriya ni Marx.

I can't understand fully Marx's profound theories.

formidable; hard to accomplish or tackle


matigas

tl-adj

matigás (plural matitigas, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔)

matigás (canonical)
matitigas (plural)
ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)təʀas (cf. Binukid mategas, Gaddang mateggat, Malagasy mateza). By surface analysis, ma- + tigas.


malambot

malambót (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + lambot. The second sense comes from the phrase malambot na katawan. Cognate of Kapampangan malambut.

... kaya nagkakaroon ng nominal na kapangyarihan ang baklang guests na baklain din o gawing malambot ang nagtatanghal na heterosexual na dancer. Hinahayaan ng macho dancer na itampok ang feminine attribute na "malambot ang katawan" para sa kagalingan sa pagsayaw, na siya rin namang designasyon sa mga effeminate na bakla...

2004, Rolando B. Tolentino, Lalaking pin-up, GRO, at macho dancer, →ISBN:


sudeste

Borrowed from Spanish sudeste, from French sud-est.


mapusok

(obsolete) difficult to quell one's anger


sardinas

Borrowed from Spanish sardinas, plural form of sardina, from Latin sardina, from Ancient Greek σαρδίνη (sardínē). The figurative sense is from the analogy of a fully packed vehicle likened to a can of sardines.

Parang sardinas ang bus papuntang Cubao.

The bus heading to Cubao is like sardines.

packed like sardines
packed like sardines

(figurative) packed like sardines; filled to full capacity (of vehicles)


sutil

refractory; not yielding to treatment (of an illness)


postmoderno

postmoderno (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


karmin

Borrowed from Spanish carmín, from French carmin.


siya

Borrowed from Hokkien 謝 /谢 (siā, “regards to; thanks; gratefulness”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

Siya na.


probado

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
prubado (alternative)
purbado (alternative)


abelyana

Borrowed from Spanish avellana, from Latin abellana.


aboy-aboy

tl-adj

abóy-abóy (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

abóy-abóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
abuy-aboy (alternative)

[ʔɐˌboɪ̯ ʔɐˈboɪ̯]


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

visible through transparent or translucent objects


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]


antipatiko

antipátikó (feminine antipatika, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ)

antipátikó (canonical)
antipatika (feminine)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

antipathic; uncongenial; displeasing; disagreeable; ungracious


awat

awát (canonical)
ᜀᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
auat (alternative)

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]


bagting

Compare Cebuano bagting, Waray-Waray bagting, and Tausug bagting.


balita

Borrowed from Malay berita, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “news”). Compare Bikol Central bareta and Tausug bayta'.

Naakit ang lahat sa ganda ng balitang prinsesa.

All were attracted to the beauty of the famous princess.

Sigaw n͠g balita'y ¿ano't nániniig / ang napapanahon sa nasang pag-ibig?

Páhayagáng̃ kanyá ring̃ likhâ na pinamagatáng̃ «El Hogar» at nagíng̃ katulong̃ ng̃ balitang̃ «Pliegong Tagalog» na nagbábanság ng̃ lalong̃ maháhalagáng̃ pagbaka sa ating̃ mg̃a kaaway.

1922, Jose N. Sevilla & Tolentino, Mga Dakilang Pilipino:


bansag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ban(ə)sag (“nickname”). Compare Kapampangan bansag.


baog

baóg (canonical)
baog (canonical)
ᜊᜂᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *baqug (“spoiled; sterile”). Compare Ilocano baog, Kapampangan baug, Bikol Central baog, and Cebuano baog.


basag

From Proto-Philippine *basag (“to crack, break; cracked, broken”).

broken; cracked (of solid and brittle objects)


bawi

From Proto-Philippine *bawiq (cf. Cebuano bawi).


baybay

baybáy (canonical)
ᜊᜌ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
bibay (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *baybáy (“beach; shore”). Compare Kapampangan bebe.


bendita

ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
bindita (alternative)
binrita (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Spanish bendita, feminine of bendito.


bihag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (“captive: taken alive in war; to spare: allow to live”). Compare Ilocano biag, Pangasinan bilay, Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, Cebuano bihag, Maranao biyag /oyag, and Malay biar. See also buhay.

bihag pa


bilad

bilád (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bilar (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”). Compare Cebuano bulad and Tausug buwad.

exposed under the sun (usually for drying)

(figurative) exposed for all to see; in the open


buhat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat (“do; make; work”). Compare Cebuano buhat and Malay buat.


bukad

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj (“to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers”). Compare Ilocano bekkag and Maranao bekar.


bukadkad

bukadkád (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜇ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


bukal

Possibly related to Spanish brocal. Compare Bikol Central bukal, Hiligaynon bukal, and Ilocano bukal.


bulawan

From Proto-Austronesian *bulaw-an (“gold”), equivalent to bulaw + -an. Compare Ivatan vuhawan, Ibanag vulawan, Bikol Central bulawan, Aklanon bueawan, Cebuano bulawan, Maranao bolawan, Tausug bulawan, and Kavalan berawan. The word is not found in early Tagalog dictionaries and may be borrowed from other Philippine languages.


amargado

[ʔɐ.mɐɾˈɡaː.d̪o]


tostado

ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
tustado (alternative)


halili

From Proto-Central Philippine *halili (“substitute”). Compare Cebuano halili. Possibly from a reduplication of Malay alih (“change, replace, transfer”).


sudoeste

ᜐᜓᜇᜓᜏᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
sudoweste (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish sudoeste, from French sud-ouest.


agregado

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈɣaː.d̪o]


bunyag

disclosed; revealed (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धार (dhāra, “holding”), from the root धृ (dhṛ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Kapampangan dala, Remontado Agta dara, Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tausug dā.

bor+

(figurative) brought about; caused (by something aforementioned)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zəʀa.

wary; scared off; cautious (from a previous undesirable experience)


dalaga

→ English: dalaga

→ Spanish: dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”). Also possibly Sanskrit of origin, either Sanskrit दारिका (dārikā, “girl, daughter”), or Sanskrit दार (dāra, “wife”).
Compare Aklanon daeaga, Bikol Central daraga, Cebuano dalaga, Hiligaynon dalaga, Tausug dāga, Malay dara, and Urak Lawoi' ราดารา (radara).

bor

(by extension) virgin; chaste (of a woman)


dalisay

From Proto-Philippine *dalísay (“pure, high quality”).


duyog

duyóg (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜌᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
doyog (alternative)

Compare Aklanon duyog (“sleepy; cannot keep one's eyes open”).


gago

tl-adj

gago (feminine gaga, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜄᜓ)

gaga (feminine)
ᜄᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
GG (alternative)
g*go (alternative)
gagi (alternative)
gagstik (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish gago (“one who stutters”).

bor+

Hoy, napakagago mo naman!

(vulgar, derogatory) contemptible; obnoxious

(uncommon, offensive) stuttering; stammering


gamit

gamít (canonical)
ᜄᜋᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
gamet (alternative colloquial)

[ˈɡaː.mɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.mɛt̪̚]

From Greater Central Philippine *gámit, from Proto-Philippine *ʀámit, *gámit (“to use”). Compare Ilocano ram-ramit, Bikol Central gamit, Cebuano gamit, and Masbatenyo gamit.


ilustrado

tl-adj

ilustrado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ilustrado (“enlightened; learned”).


inspirado

tl-adj

inspirado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
ispirado (alternative)


etereo

[ʔɛˌt̪ɛː.ɾɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish etéreo, from Latin aetherius, from Ancient Greek αἰθέριος (aithérios).


serpentina

serpentina (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ)

ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

(figurative) deceitful; fraudulent (of one's behavior)


mintis

Borrowed from Spanish mentís (“denial”).

failed; dud (said of firecrackers that did not explode, or some project that failed or missed out)


Pranses

Pransés (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Paranses (alternative dated)


gawi

gawî (canonical)
gawì (canonical)
ᜄᜏᜒ (Baybayin)


ginhawa

ginhawa or ginhawà (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ)

ginhawa (canonical)
ginhawà (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ (Baybayin)
guinhaoa (alternative)
guinhaua (alternative)
ginghawa (alternative)

[ɡɪn̪ˈhaː.wɐʔ]

From Proto-Central Philippine *ginhawa, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *gi-nihawa (cf. Cebuano ginhawa (“breath”), Higaonon ganihawa (“life”), Mansaka ginawa (“breath”), Maranao ginawa (“breath”), Tausug nyawa (“soul”)), from Proto-Philippine *ʀi-nihawa (“breath”) (cf. Ilocano gin-awa (“relief; comfort”), Pangasinan linawa (“breath”), Kapampangan inaua (“breath; respiration”), Yami inawan (“breath”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa (cf. Hawaiian manawa (“feelings; heart”), Javanese ꦚꦮ (nyawa, “life; soul”), Malay nyawa (“life; soul”), Maori manawa (“heart; breath”), Tokelauan manava (“belly; abdomen”)), from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa (cf. Siraya xinawa (“breath”)).


gisa

Borrowed from Spanish guisar (“to stew”).


gisi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀisiq (“tear, split, cut”). Compare Bikol Central gisi, Cebuano gisi, Hiligaynon gisi, and Tausug gisi'.

inh

with ravels or slight runs (in something knitted)


gutom

From Proto-Central Philippine *ʀutəm (“hungry”). Compare Bikol Central gutom, Cebuano gutom, Hiligaynon gutom, Waray-Waray gutom, and Tausug gutum.

Gutom na ang aso.


analitiko

analítikó (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish analítico, from Ancient Greek ἀναλυτικός (analutikós).


hasa

From Proto-Philippine *hasaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasaq, from Proto-Austronesian *Sasaq (“whet, sharpen”).


puwede

ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
pwede (alternative)
pede (alternative colloquial)

Borrowed from Spanish puede, third-person present form of poder.

Puwede mo ba akong gawan ng pabor?

Puwede kitang itext mamaya kung may balita akong matanggap tungkol sa kaso.

I could text you later when I receive news about the case.

Ang pagpapadala rin ng mga larawan para sa paglalahok ay puwede.

Sending in photos for the contest is allowed.


bughaw

bugháw (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ᜑᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
boghao (alternative)
boghau (alternative)
bughao (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw. Compare Hanunoo bulhaw and Cebuano bughaw. See also Japanese 青(あお) (ao, “blue; blue green; green”).


metodista

Borrowed from Spanish metodista. By surface analysis, metodo + -ista.


sasakyan

sasakyán (canonical)
ᜐᜐᜃ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sasac-yan (alternative)
sasaquian (alternative)
sasakiyan (alternative obsolete)

From a syncopic form of sasakayan, from sakay + -an with initial reduplication of sakay. Can also be analyzed as an initial reduplication of sakyan.

kabayong sasakyan


waso

wasò (canonical)
ᜏᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
huwaso (alternative)


sosyal

Ang sosyal ng bagong selpon ni Lara.


aral

Possibly from Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher; master”). Compare Cuyunon adal, Masbatenyo adal, Masbate Sorsogon adal, Waray Sorsogon adal, Bikol Central adal, Ilocano adal, Asi aray.


Tom Jones

tl-adj

Tom Jones (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pun on tomguts (backslang of gutom) and either Tommy Lee Jones or Tom Jones.

Pre, Tom Jones na 'ko.


rosas

rosas:


desesperada

desesperada (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇ (Baybayin)


traidora

traidora (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜁᜇᜓᜇ)

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

[t̪ɾɐ.ʔɪˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


Amerikano

Borrowed from Spanish americano. By surface analysis, Amerika + -ano.

American (pertaining to the United States)

(archaic) American (pertaining to the Americas)


Griyego

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
Griego (alternative)


Hapon

Borrowed from Spanish Japón (“Japan”), from Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (nyit pwon^X, “sun origin”).
Doublet of Sapon.

der

Japanese (of, from or relating to Japan)


Hudyo

Hudyó (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
Hudiyo (alternative)
Hudio (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish judío (“Jew”), from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (Yehudi).


Ingles

Inglés (canonical)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Inggles (alternative)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish inglés, from Old French angleis, from Old English Englisc. Compare Malay Inggeris, Indonesian Inggris.


Intsik

tlb

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory or vulgar)

Intsík (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
Inchic (alternative)
Insic (alternative)
Insik (alternative)
Intsek (alternative)
Inchek (alternative)
Inchik (alternative)

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡ʃɪk̚]

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡sɪk̚]

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”) or 𪜶叔 (in chek, literally “his/her/their uncle”). Compare Cebuano Insik, Malay encik, Indonesian encek, Thai เจ๊ก (jék).

Chinese (pertaining to China and the Chinese culture)


Kastila

Kastilà (canonical)
ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
Castila (alternative)

From Classical Malay كستيل (Kastila, “Castile, of Castile, Castilian, Spaniard”), possibly from either:
* Portuguese Castela (“Castile”)
* Arabic قَسَاطِلَة (qasāṭila, “Castilians”), as in Arabic قَشْتَالَة (qaštāla, “Castille”) and بِلَاد الْقَسَاطِلَة (bilād al-qasāṭila, “the country of Castilians”) as per Potet (2013, 2016).
Both ultimately from Latin Castella, from Latin castella (“little forts, castles”), plural diminutive of castrum (“fort, defensive wall”). Cognate with Maranao Kastila, Maguindanao Kastila, Tausug Kastila', and Cebuano Katsila.
Likely not directly from Spanish Castilla as the expected word if borrowed during Early Modern Spanish would be *Kastiya since the ⟨ll⟩ digraph would have had the pronunciation of /ʎ/ closer to /j/ in Tagalog (cf. Spanish caballo and Spanish cebollas giving kabayo and sibuyas). Doublet of Kastilya.


Koreano

tl-adj

Koreano (feminine Koreana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ)

Koreana (feminine)
ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Koryano (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish coreano. By surface analysis, Korea + -ano.

Korean (pertaining to Korea or Korean people, language, or culture)


pupo

pupò (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
pupu (alternative)
popo (alternative)

broken or chopped off near the base or root


shunga

shungá (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜅ (Baybayin)
siyonga (alternative)
siyunga (alternative)
syunga (alternative)

From tanga, with the first syllable replaced with shu-. Compare shuta (from puta) and shupatid (from kapatid).

(gay slang, colloquial) foolish; idiotic


hukot

Borrowed from Hokkien 負骨 /负骨 (hù kut), according to Manuel (1948).

bent-backed; stooped; round-shouldered; hunchbacked


aders

[ˈʔaː.d̪əɹs]

Makikain ka naman kaya sa aming kaibigan mo? Para ka namang aders.

Can you eat with us, your friends? You seem to be [acting as if] not belonging.


latok

From Chinese [Term?], possibly Hokkien 六仙桌 (la̍k-sian-toh, “a kind of table”). Compare Bikol Central latok and Hiligaynon latok.


hubog

(figurative) trained; well-disciplined; well-trained


timawa

timawà (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜋᜏ (Baybayin)
timaua (alternative)
timagua (alternative)
timagwa (alternative)

Possibly related to Classical Malay istimewa (“special; privilege”), which is said to have come from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”).
Compare Kapampangan timaua, Cebuano timawa, Hiligaynon timawa, and Ilocano timmawa.

noncog

(obsolete) free; emancipated (of a former slave)


hugot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀut, from Proto-Austronesian *Suʀut. Compare Bikol Central hugot and Cebuano hugot.

(slang, sometimes humorous) drawn up; pulled out (of negative emotions, usually of emotional heartbreak)


tanyag

[t̪ɐn̪ˈjaɡ̚]


sablay

Possibly from Proto-Philippine *sab(ə)láy (“to hang, drape over something”). Compare Ibatan sabhay, Batad Ifugao habluy, Tuwali Ifugao hable, Kapampangan sable, Bikol Central sablay, Aklanon sabeay, Cebuano sablay, Maranao sablay, and Tausug sablay.
The “sash” sense is from the sablay garment used by the University of the Philippines created by six professors from UP Diliman, as inspired by the malong of Muslim Mindanao, to be worn diagonally across the chest on formal occasions, perhaps named as such due to the sense of “to hang over” in other Philippine languages like Cebuano.

inh

wide of the mark; not striking the target aimed at


sagad

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sagád (“to reach the limit”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saʀad (“heavily loaded”).

inh

penetrating; reaching through and through; reaching to the other side

(figurative) having reached the limit (of one's self-control)

sunk to the hilt (of blades in their sheaths)

having reached the end (of a kite's string)


sagad

[ˈsaː.ɣɐd̪̚]

at the height of fame, success, impressive activity, grandeur, greatness, etc.


gili

rolled with the hand or fingers (such as rolling dough, grinding pills, etc.)


ayos

ᜀᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ays (alternative colloquial contraction)

From Proto-Philippine *áyus (“to arrange, make something neat or proper”).


abuy-aboy

tl-adj

abúy-abóy (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

abúy-abóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbuɪ̯ ʔɐˈboɪ̯]


halang

Possibly from Malay halang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalaŋ (“obstruct, lie across or athwart”).

der

passing; transverse; traverse; extending across


maanghit

tl-adj

maanghít (plural maaanghit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆ᜔)

maanghít (canonical)
maaanghit (plural)
ᜋᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.ʔɐŋˈhɪt̪̚]

having a repellent body odor (especially from armpits)


nokturno

ᜈᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


Tsinoy

Tsinóy (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
Chinoy (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

[t͡sɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

Coined by organization Kaisa Para sa Kaunlaran in the 1990's from a blend of Tsino + Pinoy, first attested in their publication The Chinese in the Philippines: Problems and Perspectives, Volume 2. See also Indonesian chindo.

coinage

Chinese-Filipino; Filipino-Chinese (pertaining to Filipinos of Chinese descent)


abnoy

abnóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
abno (alternative)

Clipping of abnormal + -oy, from English abnormal.


salamin

Borrowed from Malay cermin. Compare Ilocano sarming, Kapampangan salamin, Bikol Central salming, Cebuano samin, Hiligaynon salaming, Waray-Waray saraming, Maranao salamin, Tausug samin.


latiti

tlb

(dialectal, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Batangas, Mindoro, Quezon)

latitî (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
latite (alternative colloquial)

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɪʔ]

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɛʔ]

Nadulas ang bata nang matapakan ang latiting sahig.

The child slipped upon stepping over the very wet floor.

Bumuhos ang ulan at ako'y latiti dahil wala akong dalang payong.

The rain poured and I am dripping wet because I have no umbrella carried.

Takbo ka nang takbo, mamaya'y latiti ka na sa pawis.

You keep on running, later you'll be soaking wet with sweat.

extremely wet; soaking wet; dripping wet


laos

From Proto-Philippine *laqus (“past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete”). Compare Ilocano laus, Bikol Central laos, and Cebuano laos.

inh

outdated; old-fashioned; antiquated; obsolete

sour or fermented due to being overripe (of fruits)

no longer productive; exhausted of potency (due to continued use or old age)


nuklear

nukleár (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
nukleyar (alternative)


kyut

ᜃ᜔ᜌᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
kyot (alternative colloquial)

Borrowed from English cute, apheretic form of acute, from Late Middle English acute, from Latin acūta. Doublet of agudo.


yaya

invited personally to help do certain work


ilan

tl-adj

ilán (plural ilan-ilan, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜈ᜔)

ilán (canonical)
ilan-ilan (plural)
ᜁᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From an irregular elision of /p/ and an addition of /n/ from Proto-Philippine *pijah (“how many”), from Proto-Austronesian *pijax (“how many”). Compare Pangasinan piga, Kapampangan pilan, Masbatenyo pira, Cebuano pila, Javanese ꦥꦶꦫ (pira), Hawaiian -hia, Paiwan pida, and Thao piza.


gawa

gawâ (canonical)
ᜄᜏ (Baybayin)
gaua (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”). Compare Pangasinan gawa, Sambali gawa, Kapampangan gaua, and Iban gawa. See also Cebuano gama, Iban gawai, Malay gawai, and Javanese ꦒꦮꦺ (gawé, “to do; to work”).

inh

Saan ito gawa? Gawa sa papel ang belen na gawa ni Lourdes.

What is it made of? It's made of paper, the belen that Lourdes has made.


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɣɐˈwaʔ]


inggit

inggít (canonical)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
inguit (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *iŋgit (“envy; envious”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i(ŋ)git (“anger; resentment”).


bagay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). See also Tamil வகை (vakai).


plastik

(figurative, informal, of a person) insincere; fake


kalabaw

kalabáw (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜊᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
karabaw (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish carabao, from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kər(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Malay kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tausug kābaw, and Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ). Before the coming of the Spaniards, the native Tagalog term used to refer to the animal is anwang. The word kalabaw itself does not appear in the earliest Tagalog dictionaries.


matataas

From ma- + taas, with initial reduplication.


mataas

tl-adj

mataás (plural matataas, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜀᜐ᜔)

mataás (canonical)
matataas (plural)
ᜋᜆᜀᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


maalam

maalam or maalám (plural maaalam, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

maalam (canonical)
maalám (canonical)
maaalam (plural)
ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

(obsolete) kindhearted; goodwilled; well-conditioned


ube

ᜂᜊᜒ (Baybayin)
obi (alternative)
ubi (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi. Compare Hawaiian uhi (“yam”), Malagasy ovy (“potato”), Malay ubi (“yam”), and Maori uwhi (“yam”).

ube:


tilos

Compare tulis and talas. See also Malay tirus (“acute”).


abot-tanaw

abót-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abót-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]


abot-tanaw

abot-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abot-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


abrasyete

abrasyete (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐˈʃɛː.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɐ.bɾɐsˈjɛː.t̪ɛ]


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

aburido sa sugal


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kuntento (alternative)


sekreto

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
sikreto (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish secreto. The alternate pronunciation was influenced by English secret. Doublet of sekreta.


katoliko

Borrowed from Spanish católico (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).


barabara

tl-adj

bárabára or barabará (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜊᜇ)

bárabára (canonical)
barabará (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜊᜇ (Baybayin)


kabila

From ka- + *bila (“half”). Compare Malay belah (“split”). See also bila.


gramatiko

gramátikó (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜇᜋᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɐˌmaː.t̪ɪˈxo]

grammatical (acceptable as determined by the rules of the grammar)


tegi

"I vote yes sa idea ng younger brother mo na ipa-Spirit of the Glass ang ate mong tegi," sabi ni Alexia matapos kaming mag-catch up sa mga latest na ganap sa aking magulong buhay.

2020, MISSFLIMSY, My Boyfriend is a Freak:


konsistent

konsistent (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English consistent, from Latin consistens.


taban

held or grasped to maintain equilibrium or to avoid falling


bilang

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”). Compare Old Javanese wilaṅ, Maranao bilang, and Malay bilang.

inh

Bilang na ang mga araw mo.


balisa

Borrowed from Malay belisah. See also Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa).


kapitalista

tl-adj

kapitalista (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish capitalista. By surface analysis, kapital + -ista.


entremetido

entremetido (feminine entremetida, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

entremetida (feminine)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
intrimitido (alternative)


nakabobobo

ᜈᜃᜊᜓᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
nakakabobo (alternative informal)

From naka- + bobo with partial reduplication.

Nakakabobo manood ng slapstick comedy minsan.

Watching slapstick comedy is brain-killing sometimes.

capable of making one stupid, airheaded, dull, or have no useful thoughts


hulog ang loob

hulóg ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulóg ang loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “one's insides fallen”, or more loosely translated as “fallen will”.


kriminal

kriminál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


lumon

in an advanced stage of ripeness but not yet rotten (of fruit)


butas

perforated; punctured; with hole or holes

(figurative, slang) deflowered; devirginized (no longer a virgin)


barok

From comic character created by Filipino cartoonist Bert Sarile in 1973, Barok, who was depicted as a “pre-historic caveman”. Possibly influenced by English baroque.

Ang barok ng Tagalog mo!

Halatang tinamad sapagkat hindi idinulot ang iba pang makulay na kahulugan sa Ingles na "joker." Ang totoo, kung may sobra ... Ngunit ang mas mabigat na pagkaligta ay ang hindi pagpapasok sa katu- tubong "barok." Ni hindi man lamang ...

1997, Virgilio S. Almario, Tradisyon at Wikang Filipino, Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino Sistemang Unibersidad Ng Pilipinas, →ISBN:

At inilibing namin ang mga buto ni Apong Ibang sa hukay sa isang sulok ng bakuran ni Apong Isis na walang tinawag na ... May Tagalog, may Sebuwano, may Kapampangan, may Iluko, may Ingles, may Espanyol, may Pangasinense. ... 'Yan ang bilin niya, barok, paliwanag ng Amang nang magtanong ako sa kanya.

1982, Reynaldo Arquero Duque, Bagani Ubbog:

Like Mel, Grace no longer has plans of working abroad since she has vowed to " prioritize my child and my family. ... naging problema ko pa ay yung salita, kasi bibihira naman ang Hapon na marunong mag-Ingles. So, nag-aral kami ng konting Niponggo at medyo kahit barok na barok kaming magsalita ay nagka- kaintindihan na naman kaming mga Hapon [Perhaps, another problem I faced (at the start) ...

2000, Riza Faith C. Ybañez, Labor Migration & HIV/AIDS: Vulnerability of Filipino Migrant Workers:

speaking a language in a broken or unfluent manner (especially by a non-native speaker or someone with a speech disorder)


putang ina

putang iná (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜅ᜔ ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)
potang ina (alternative)
P.I. (alternative)
PI (alternative)
putaera (alternative)
putang inabit (alternative)
pusang gala (alternative)
putang-ina (alternative)
putangina (alternative)
putangna (alternative)
tangina (alternative)
taena (alternative)

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

From puta (“prostitute”) + -ng (enclitic suffix) + ina (“mother”) or a partial calque of Spanish puta madre.

compound

Umaasa ka pa sa putang inang ex mo, e mukhang wala na siyang pakialam sa'yo kahit humagulgol ka.

You're still hoping for that jerk ex of yours, but she doesn't seem to care about you even if you sob.

(offensive, derogatory) annoying; wretched; fucked up


lagets

From blend of lagi (“always”) + English forgets. Influenced by bagets (“young people”).


lunatiko

Borrowed from Spanish lunático, from Latin lūnāticus.


aglutinante

tl-adj

aglutinante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜎᜓᜆᜒᜈᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡlʊ.t̪ɪˈn̪an̪.t̪ɛ]


abusera

abusera (feminine abusera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜐᜒᜇ)

[ʔɐ.bʊˈsɛː.ɾɐ]

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English abuser, influenced by Spanish -era. By surface analysis, abuso + -era. See also Spanish abusadora.


hamak

Compare Bikol Central hamak. See also Arabic حَمَاقَة (ḥamāqa).


bual

alternative form of buwal (“fallen flat on the ground”)


akustiko

akústikó (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acústico, from French acoustique, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós). Doublet of akustiks.


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]


agnostika

tl-adj

agnóstiká (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

agnóstiká (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


madugo

madugô (plural madudugo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ)

madugô (canonical)
madudugo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
dugo (root)
madugo (singular)
madudugo (plural)
mas madugo (singular superior)
mas madudugo (plural superior)
hindi gaanong madugo (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madudugo (inferior plural)
kasindugo (equal)
ang pinakamadugo (relative singular)
ang pinakamadudugo (plural relative)
napakamadugo (absolute singular)
napakamadudugo (absolute plural)
pagkadugo (absolute singular)
pagkadugo-dugo (absolute plural)
marugo (alternative)

[mɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]

Engineering ang kukunin mong kurso? Naku, madugo 'yan.

You're going to take Engineering as a course? My, that'd be tough.

(hyperbolic, colloquial) extremely difficult


halimaw

ᜑᜎᜒᜋᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
halimao (alternative)
halimau (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay harimau (“tiger”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-maquŋ (“wild feline”). Compare Ilocano ulimaw, Kapampangan ulimo, Cebuano halimaw, Maranao arimaw, and Tausug halimaw.


lakad

lakád (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lacad (alternative)
lacar (alternative)
lakar (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, from Proto-Austronesian *lakat. Compare Aklanon eakad (“step over”), Bikol Central lakad (“step”), Ibanag lakad, Ilocano lakad, Kapampangan lakad, and Waima'a laka.


maari

[mɐˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]

From ma- + ari, literally “to be able to have; to be able to get/possessed”.

prefix

(uncommon) rich; owning a lot of property


bagsak

bagsák (canonical)
ᜊᜄ᜔ᜐᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
bagsac (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bag(ə)sák (“fall to the ground, of something heavy”). Compare Bikol Central bagsak and Cebuano bagsak.

inh

Nang ilabas ang resulta ng ibang exams, bagsak siya sa dalawa pang subject. Pumasa man siya sa sumunod na semestre'y di rin siya mabibilang sa graduates ng taong iyon.

1993, Tony Perez, Cubao pagkagat ng dilim: mga kuwentong kababalaghan, →ISBN:

When the other exam results were released, he failed on two more subjects. Even where he passed in the following semester, he won't be able to graduate that year.

having a failing grade; having a failing mark

gusaling bagsak

bagsak na sistema


ginto

gintô (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
guinto (alternative)

From Hokkien, possibly:
* 金底 (kim-tóe, “gold base”) according to Manuel (1948)
* 金條 /金条 (kim-tiâu, “gold bar”) according to Potet (2016)
* 金豆 (kim-tāu, “piloncitos, pea-sized pieces of gold once used as a currency”) hypothesized by Potet (2016)
See also Hokkien 鍍金 /镀金 (tō͘-kim, “to gold-plate; to gild”). Cognate with Kapampangan gintu.


pokpok

ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pok-pok (alternative)
pukpok (alternative)

Reduplication of pok (“bam; bang”), which is onomatopoeic.

(slang, derogatory) skanky; sexually promiscuous


alasan

Borrowed from Spanish alazán, from Arabic أَصْهَب (ʔaṣhab, “reddish, reddish-brown”) via Andalusian Arabic.


matapobre

ᜋᜆᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
mata-pobre (alternative)

From Spanish matar (“to kill”) + Spanish pobre (“poor”). Compare matafuego (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire killer”). Later folk-etymologized as Tagalog mata (“eye; to look”) and Tagalog pobre as borrowed from Spanish.


utang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutaŋ. Compare Sambali otang, Bikol Central utang, Aklanon utang, Cebuano utang,
Tausug utang and Malay hutang.

borrowed; obtained as a loan or obligation to pay


husi

Ultimately from Hokkien, possibly from:
* 富紗 /富纱 (hù se, literally “rich yarn”) or 富絲 /富丝 (hù si, literally “rich silk”), according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 互紗 /互纱 (hō͘ se, literally “intertwining yarn”), according to Manuel (1948)
Compare English jusi, Bikol Central husi, Cebuano husi, and Hiligaynon husi.


landak

Landak ang silong ng bahay mo.

(obsolete) muddy due to rain, or many people


papak

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 飽腹 /饱腹 (pá-pak, “full; replete; gorged; stuffed (of rice grains or etc.)”), surmised as “pau-pák” according to Manuel (1948).

eaten without rice or bread (said of food usually eaten with rice or bread)


alado

Borrowed from Spanish alado, from Latin ālātus.

kabayong alado


lagas

Possibly related to Malay ragas (“pulling hair”).


sanggol

sanggól (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sangol (alternative)


waak

Waak na ang damit ko dahil kinalmot ako ng pusa kanina.

The clothes are torn because the cat scratched me a while ago.


kusa

kusà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜐ (Baybayin)
cosa (alternative)


pasok

pasók (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
pasoc (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”). Compare Malay masuk.

Pasok sila sa magandang eskuwelahan.


hayon

The latter half of the word is possibly iyon /yaon. See also niyon /noon, gayon /ganoon, doon, heto, hayan /ayan, ayon /ayun, and other demonstrative pronouns.


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC (“skin”).


balat-sibuyas

tl-adj

balát-sibuyas (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔)

balát-sibuyas (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From balat (“skin”) + sibuyas (“onion”), literally “onion-skinned”.

compound

Balat-sibuyas si Sam kaya palagi tuloy siyang inaasar.

Sam is thin-skinned, hence she is constantly taunted.

(idiomatic) thin-skinned; overly sensitive


tanan

escaped; ran away (of an escapee, fugitive, or deserter)


tanan

Borrowed from Cebuano tanan, from Proto-Philippine *tanan. Compare Hiligaynon tanan.


mukha

mukhâ (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)
moc-ha (alternative)
mucha (alternative)
muc-ha (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “face; mouth”). Compare Malay muka.

bor+

Mukha kang paa.


inda

conscious of the feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc. (usually in the negative)


sira ang loob

tl-adj

sirâ ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

sirâ ang loób (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɪˌɾaʔ ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

[sɪˌɾaː ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

Sira ang loob ko nang mapanood ang balita at malaman ang nangyari na disgrasya.

I feel disheartened upon watching the news and finding out about the tragedy that happened.


bayan

Contraction of bahayan (“place of houses or buildings”), from bahay + -an. Compare Kapampangan balen.

contraction

(relational) folk; popular (usually in compounds)


lampas

lampás (canonical)
ᜎᜋ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
langpas (alternative obsolete)
lingpas (alternative obsolete)
lagpas (alternative)

From earlier langpas with the /ŋ/ turning to /m/ before /p/ due to assimilation. Alternatively, from Proto-Philippine *lampás (“go beyond, be excessive”), according to Blust (2023). Compare Bikol Central lampas, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lampas, Cebuano lapas. Doublet of lagpas.


adwa

adwâ (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
arua (alternative)
aroua (alternative)
aduwa (alternative)
arwa (alternative obsolete)


istambay

Borrowed from English stand by. Compare Cebuano estambay.


impis

deflated; sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


paos

paós (canonical)
ᜉᜂᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
pa-os (alternative obsolete)

From Southern Proto-Philippine *paʔus (“hoarse”). Compare Bikol Central paas, Cebuano paas, Kinaray-a paus, Cuyunon paus, Hiligaynon paus /laus, Waray-Waray laus.


sosi

Clipping of sosyal, according to Zorc (1993), or possibly from English saucy.

Suwerte lang niya at masalapi siya. Minsan, nagiging maganda ang isang babae kung maganda ang kutis at ang damit niya. Class. Mukhang sosi, sopistikada. Kaya sabi ng iba, maganda. Maganda raw ang ganoong babae. Sabi mo noong ...

2017, Bebang Siy, It's Raining Mens, Anvil Publishing, Incorporated via PublishDrive, →ISBN:

Iyon nga lang, sosi na talaga — nagpupulong sila sa pamamagitan ng teleeonferenee. ... Pero maraming nagsasabing masaya sila kung saan masaya si Nora; baka mas nais niya ang simpleng buhay pero napapaligiran ng mga tunay na ...

2005, Nestor De Guzman, Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat, →ISBN:

(slang) posh; fancy (associated with the higher classes)


palabas

Palabas na sila.


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”).


angat

higher in rank, position, standard of living, etc.


lambit

(Batangas) having successive letters joined together


panget

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]


linis

From Proto-Philippine *linis (“clean”). Compare Bikol Central linig and Pangasinan linis.

cleaned of garbage, dirt, etc. (of a place)


galit

galít (canonical)
ᜄᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
galet (alternative colloquial)

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


satsat

Possibly from Spanish chacharear or Spanish cháchara.


direkta

ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)
rekta (alternative clipping colloquial)

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish directa, feminine singular of directo, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of deretso.


Tsekwa

tlb

(colloquial, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive)

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)
Chekwa (alternative)
tsekwa (alternative)

Possibly from a univerbation of Cebuano Intsik wakang or a blend of Intsik + tokwa, according to Zorc (1993). See also Hokkien 罪過 /罪过 (chě-kòa, “to sin; to commit an offence”).

ncog

Chinese; Chink (pertaining to China and the Chinese culture)


batak

Compare Cebuano batak, Hiligaynon batak, and Kapampangan batak.

(colloquial, figurative) well-exercised; muscular; well-trained (of one's body)


lagos

lagós (canonical)
ᜎᜄᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
lag-os (alternative)

piercing and reaching to the opposite side in a continuous motion


kima

kimá (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
qima (alternative)
quima (alternative)


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


kaliwa

kaliwâ (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜒᜏ (Baybayin)
caliua (alternative)
caliva (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *kali(n)wala with elision of the second /l/, from Southern Proto-Philippine *walah. Compare Bikol Central wala, Asi wala, Aklanon waea, Cebuano wala, Butuanon kawa, Surigaonon waya, and Tausug lawa.


dinumero

ᜇᜒᜈᜓᜋᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
dinomero (alternative)

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]

dinumero:


pungas

confused and half-asleep after waking up


kupas

kupás (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜉᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
copas (alternative)

obsolete; out of date; no longer in use or popular


lungas

broken off; partly broken (said of teeth, but with root stumps still attached to the gums)


saks

From clipping of sakto + -s (suffix used in Tagalog slang), from eksakto.


lapad

lapád (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
lapar (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *lapad (“wide”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *də(m)paD (“flat and wide”). Compare Pangasinan lapar, Bikol Central lapat, Asi yapar, Cebuano lapad, Aklanon eapad, and Betawi dampar.


lutad

worn-out, damaged, or softened by much use


Mediteraneo

tl-adj

Mediteráneó (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ)

Mediteráneó (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[mɛ.d̪ɪ.t̪ɛˌɾaː.n̪ɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish mediterráneo, from Latin mediterrāneus.


ekonomiko

Borrowed from Spanish económico (“economic”).


Agustina

tl-adj

Agustina (feminine Agustina, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ)

[ʔɐ.ɣʊsˈt̪iː.n̪ɐ]


Pascual

Borrowed from Spanish Pascual, from Late Latin pāscuālis.


lugnas

detached; falling easily (as fruits on a tree, stem, etc.)


korupto

Borrowed from Spanish corrupto, from Latin corruptus. Doublet of korap.


imis

From Proto-Southern Philippine *himəs (“put away”). Compare Hanunoo imos, Aklanon himos, Cebuano hipos, Waray-Waray himos, and Western Bukidnon Manobo himes.

clean and orderly by having been cleared of unnecessary things (of a place)


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


kamay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamay, from Proto-Austronesian *kamay (“hand”). Cognate with Amis kamay (“hand”).

accustomed; suited (in operating a tool or task)


takas

Pinaalahanan ang nga tao na mag-ingat sa mga takas na preso.

The people are notified to be beware of the escaped prisoners.

escaped (from prison, confinement, etc.)


sesante

ᜐᜒᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
sisante (alternative)

"Pag ginawa mo yan, Sigurado, sisante ako.” “Yon naman pala. E, ano pa'ng ginagawa mo rito?" “Wala lang. Gusto ko lang makita ang magiging reaksiyon mosa ibabalita ko.” "Ano naman yon?" “Wala lang, balita ko, ilang araw ka na lang dito ...

fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)

jobless; unemployed (due to being dismissed)


edukado

edukado (feminine edukada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜇᜓ)


bindito

bindito (feminine bindita, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)


salanta

Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit श्रान्त (śrāntá, “fatigued”).
* From sa- + Sanskrit रण्ड (raṇḍa, “maimed; crippled”).

prefix

badly damaged; completely ruined; devastated (as by a typhoon)


sentral

sentrál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


siki

in a tight or embarrassing situation; driven into a corner


yasak

crushed or destroyed by passersby (of plants in a field or farm)


lablab

roasted over an open fire (of meat, fish, etc.)


tanim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm (“to plant”), from Proto-Austronesian *CaNəm (“to plant, to bury”). Compare Aklanon tanom, Bikol Central tanom, Cebuano tanom, Chamorro tånom, Hawaiian kanu (“to bury; to plant”), Kapampangan tanam, Malay tanam, Samoan tanu (“to bury”), and Tausug tanum.
Compare Japanese 種(たね) (tane, “seed”).

inh

planted by someone (of a plant, as opposed to a plant that sprouted on its own)


giba

From Proto-Philippine *ʀəbaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀəbaq. Compare Ilocano rebba, Pangasinan geba, Bikol Central gaba, Cebuano guba, Waray-Waray guba, Agusan Manobo goba, and Malay rebah.

demolished; fallen down; destroyed; wrecked


tsugi

Supposedly onomatopoeic from the sound of a knife stab. See also Japanese 次(つぎ) (tsugi, literally “next”).

(slang) fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)


mema

From blend of may + ma-, as in may masabi lang (“just to say something”) or may magawa lang (“just to do something”).

Magpasa ka ng sanaysay kahit mema lang.

having a quality barely thought or efforted upon; so-so


bad trip

[ˌbad̪ ˈt̪ɾɪp̚]


segurado

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish segurado, shortened from Spanish asegurado, from asegurar. Doublet of sigurado.


labis

Sa buhay ko'y labis / Ang hirap at pasakit

In my life, there is too much hardship and torment


hawi

pushed aside to clear up a passage (of tall grass, weeds, people, etc.)


daig

From Proto-Philippine *daʔəg (“to win/defeat”). Compare Ilocano daeg, Pangasinan daeg, Kapampangan deg, Asi raog, Bikol Central daog, Cebuano daog, Western Bukidnon Manobo daag, Maranao rag, and Tausug daug.


destilada

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜇ (Baybayin)
distilada (alternative)


matso

Borrowed from Spanish macho, from Vulgar Latin masclus, contracted form of Latin masculus (“male”).

(mechanics) male part of any mechanical or electrical contrivance


hira

Borrowed from Spanish girar (“to turn”).

confused; puzzled; perplexed; distracted


eskolar

Borrowed from Spanish escolar, from Late Latin scholāris, from Latin schola. Doublet of iskolar.


sideral

Borrowed from Spanish sideral, from Latin sīderālis.


hinga

hingá (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜅ (Baybayin)
hing͂a (alternative)


Katolika

Borrowed from Spanish católica (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).

der

relihiyong Katolika

pananampalatayang Katolika

Catholic (only used in certain compounds)


gaya

Gaya ng pusa ko ang pusa mo.


madamo

tl-adj

madamó (plural madadamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜓ)

madamó (canonical)
madadamo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
damo (root)
madamo (singular)
madadamo (plural)
mas madamo (singular superior)
mas madadamo (plural superior)
hindi gaanong madamo (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madadamo (inferior plural)
kasindamo (equal)
ang pinakamadamo (relative singular)
ang pinakamadadamo (plural relative)
napakamadamo (absolute singular)
napakamadadamo (absolute plural)
pagkadamo (absolute singular)
pagkadamo-damo (absolute plural)
maramo (alternative)


balimbing

balimbíng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
balingbing (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋbiŋ. Compare Bikol Central balimbing, Tausug baymbing, and Malay belimbing. The senses involving treachery alludes to the fruit's multifaceted appearance when viewed from the side.


lalo

lalò (canonical)
ᜎᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
lalu (alternative)


baduy

badúy (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
badoy (alternative)

Baduy daw ang magsalita ng Tagalog.

They say it's not cool to speak Tagalog.

uncool; lame; unfashionable; in poor taste; out of style

unkempt; with sloppy clothing (of someone)


sipsip

From Proto-Austronesian *sipsip. Compare Bikol Central supsop and Cebuano supsop. Doublet of supsop.

fond of sucking up; sycophantic; fawning; seeking favor through flattery


bulubundukin

bulubundukin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bolobondoquin (alternative)

Unknown. Possibly from the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *bulú(dj) (“mountain”) + bundok + -in. See also burol.
* From reduplication of bundok + -in with the first syllable undergoing consonant shifts (c.f. reduplication in Bikol Central aro-aldaw).

af

(figurative, derogatory) wild; uncivil; coarse


bigla

Compare Kapampangan bigla, Tausug bigla', and Karao bigla.


hiwa

From Proto-Philippine *hiwaq. Compare Kapampangan iua. Doublet of iwa.


kuping

irregularly shaped; twisted out of shape (of ears)


arogante

[ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


takot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *takut (compare Bikol Central takot, Malay takut, Maori mataku, Kapampangan takut, and Rapa Nui mataku), from Proto-Austronesian *takut.


maputi

[mɐ.pʊˈt̪ɪʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq. Compare Aklanon maputi, Hiligaynon maputi, and Tausug maputi'. By surface analysis, ma- + puti.


silam

with one's eye irritated (caused by soap, shampoo, etc.)


sanap

covered by liquid just up to the top of the submerged object

temporarily covered with shallow water (of a small area)


hangal

(literary, derogatory, offensive) foolish; stupid; slow-witted; dull


bangkrap

Borrowed from English bankrupt, partial calque of Italian bancarotta.

Bangkrap na ang negosyo niya.


buhay

From Proto-Greater Central Philippine *buhay (“live (long)”) (cf. Masbatenyo buhay, Hanunoo buhay, Bikol Central buhay, and Buhi'non Bikol, Libon Bikol, Miraya Bikol buway), possibly related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (compare Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, and Ivatan vyay). See also bihag. Compare also Cebuano buhi, Hiligaynon buhi, Agusan Manobo buhi, Ata Manobo bui, and Tausug buhi' which came from Proto-Southern Philippine *buhiʔ (“live”).


buwaya

ᜊᜓᜏᜌ (Baybayin)
buaya (alternative)
buhaya (alternative)
bwaya (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya. Compare Malay buaya, and Eastern Bontoc fowaya.
Senses of “corrupt police officer; greedy and corrupt, etc.”, from the 1970s and 1980s, are an allusion to the brown color of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) uniform.

m-g

buwayang pulis


sibil

Borrowed from Spanish civil, from Latin cīvīlis.


tahas

clear and direct; definite; forthright; in unmistakable terms


abyerto

Borrowed from Spanish abierto, from Old Spanish abierto, from Latin apertus. Doublet of abyerta.


buang

buáng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜀᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bouang (alternative)
buwang (alternative)

Borrowed from Cebuano buang, from Proto-Central-Philippine *buʔaŋ. Compare Bikol Central bua.

2017, Rodrigo Duterte, quoted in Philippine Daily Inquirer
Baka nga ito si Kim Jong-un, ‘yung t*****. You know, if that guy… I do not think that he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, ‘yang buang na ‘yan,...

Maybe this is Kim Jong-un, the idiot. You know, if that guy… I do not think he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, that crazy person


akit

[ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]


bunyi

bunyî (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜒ (Baybayin)
bonyi (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buñi (“noise; sound”), via Kapampangan bunyi or Malay bunyi (“sound”). Compare Maranao boni, Tausug bunyi-bunyi, and Javanese ꦲꦸꦤꦶ (uni).


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).
Compare Bikol Central laban, Kapampangan laban, Malay lawan, and Javanese ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ (lawan).


pinid

piníd (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
pinir (alternative obsolete)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənəd (“stopped up, plugged”). Compare Ilocano penned and Tausug punud.


tameme

[t̪ɐˈmɛː.mɛʔ]

stunned; dumbfounded; unable to talk due to shock


charing

From Charing (“female given name”), from Charito + -ng, where Charito itself is from Charo + -ito, originally Spanish. The retention of the ⟨Ch⟩ initial makes it also an unadapted borrowing from Spanish. The cultured sense is influenced by English charming.


gagi

gagì (canonical)
gagi (canonical)
ᜄᜄᜒ (Baybayin)


akay

From Proto-Philippine *ákay (“to guide, direct the motion of someone or something, as a herd of animals”). Compare Ilocano akay and Hanunoo akay.

(figurative) guided; led; trained (by someone)


hagod

hagód (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagor (alternative)

(figurative) careworn; tired in appearance


siping

From Proto-Philippine *sipiŋ (“next to, in close proximity”).

sitting, lying, or sleeping next to each other or side by side


linga

lingâ (canonical)
lingà (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liŋa (“negligence, inattentiveness”). Compare Aklanon linga (“challenged hearing”), Cebuano linga (“split attention”).


Holandes

Holandés (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


suportado

supported; held up (with a prop or support)


aminado

already confessed or admitted to one's fault


imoral

(common) alternative spelling of inmoral


kopo

Borrowed from Spanish copo, derived from copar (“to take”).

all taken or reserved; with all the prizes taken or won (as by a player or a team)


wilig

wilíg (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
uilig (alternative)

moistened by sprinkling with water (of clothes to be ironed)


swak

Onomatopoeic from a swish of basketball touching the net after scoring without touching the rim or the backboard.

(colloquial) suitable; fit; appropriate; proper (usually said as swak na swak)


gastador

tl-adj

gastadór (feminine gastadora, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

gastadór (canonical)
gastadora (feminine)
ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish gastador (“extravagant”).


gastadora

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


aerado

[ʔɐ.ɛˈɾaː.d̪o]


alaga

[ʔɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

Borrowed from Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti, “watch over”), जागृ (jāgṛ, “awakening”).

der

under the care of someone (of a person, animal, plant, etc.)


alaga

[ʔɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

well-kept; well-cared for; carefully tended


benta

(colloquial) well-received (especially jokes)


gising

gisíng (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜐᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
guising (alternative)

Compare Kapampangan gising (“awakening”), Bikol Central gisong (“waking up”), Cebuano gisong (“shake into consciousness”), and Tausug gisung (“to wake up for a short time”).

cog

Gising na ang tatay mo.


sustantibo

tl-adj

sustantibo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)


rebolusyonaryo

rebolusyonaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
rebulusyonaryo (alternative)
ribulusyonaryo (alternative)


heograpiko

heográpikó (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜃᜓ)

heográpikó (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
heyograpiko (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish geográfico (“geographic”).


Hapones

Japanese (pertaining to Japanese people, language, or culture)


nagniningning

tl-adj

nagníningníng (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜈᜒᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜅ᜔)

nagníningníng (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜈᜒᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɐɡˌn̪iː.n̪ɪŋˈn̪ɪŋ]

From nag- + ningning with initial reduplication.


syentipiko

syentípikó (Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜓ)

syentípikó (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


administratibo

administratibo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish administrativo (“administrative”), from Latin administrātīvus.

bor+

atas administratibo


alternatibo

tl-adj

alternatibo (feminine alternatiba, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

alternatiba (feminine)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alternativo (“alternative”), from French alternatif, from Latin alternātīvus.


buwisit

ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
boisit (alternative)
bouisit (alternative)
buisit (alternative dated)
bwisit (alternative)
bosit (alternative Internet colloquial)
buset (alternative Internet colloquial)

Borrowed from Hokkien 無衣食 /无衣食 (bô-ui-si̍t, “to be out of luck; to have bad luck”, literally “without clothes and food”). Compare Cebuano buysit and Tausug bulsit.

(slightly vulgar, colloquial, potentially offensive) annoying; vexing

slightly vulgar; potentially offensive; slightly vulgar; potentially offensive

Marami na ang naliligaw at nadidisgrasya dito . Tuloy, sinasabing ang balite ay buwisit na puno . Ngunit hindi ito pinuputol dahil masama raw sa halip ito'y sinusunog para umalis ang mga maligno .

2000, Joey A. Arrogante, Pagbasa at Pagsulat: Pangkolekiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 147:

There are already a lot of people who are lost or seriously injured here. Therefore, the balite is said to be an unlucky tree. But cutting it down is bad and it is rather burned for the evil spirits to leave.


buwisit

buwisít (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜐᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
boisit (alternative)
bouisit (alternative)
buisit (alternative dated)
bwisit (alternative)
bosit (alternative Internet colloquial)
buset (alternative Internet colloquial)


bugnot

[bʊɡˈn̪ot̪̚]

Revival of earlier bognot (“(derogatory) highlander, especially the Aeta”), from their perceived attitude to lowlanders and the Spaniards.


bukod

bukód (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
bocor (alternative)
bukor (alternative)


yanig

strongly shaken (of the earth during an earthquake)


alkalino

tl-adj

alkalino (feminine alkalina, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜎᜒᜈᜓ)


apula

apulâ (canonical)
apulá (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˈpuː.lɐʔ]

put to a stop (of the spread or progress of something undesirable)


jeje

[ˈd͡ʒɛː.d͡ʒɛ]

having characteristics of rap love songs with cheesy and sentimental lyrics (especially during 2000s and early 2010s)


aduwa

[ʔɐˈd̪uː.ɐʔ]


dagisik

[d̪ɐ.ɣɪˈsɪk̚]


pikit

pikít (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
piquit (alternative)


ihi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ihiq, from Proto-Austronesian *iSiq. Compare Aklanon ihi', Bikol Central ihi, Cebuano ihi, Hiligaynon ihi, Mansaka ii, Tausug ihi', and Waray-Waray ihi.


tabas

cut down with a cutlass, bolo, etc. (of excessive growth or grass, weeds, etc.)

harvested and ready for milling (of sugarcane, corn, etc.)


barako

From Philippine Spanish verraco (“boar”). Cognates include Sanskrit वृष (vṛṣa), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn) and Lithuanian veršis. Compare Romance cognates with varying suffixes: Portuguese barrão, Asturian bracu, French verrat, etc.

(colloquial, figurative) manly; fearless


pangkalawakan

tl-adj

pangkalawakan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜎᜏᜃᜈ᜔)

From pang- + kalawakan (“vastness; outer space”).

af

cosmic; spatial (pertaining to outer space)


katinig

[kɐˈt̪iː.n̪ɪɡ̚]

with or having the same or similar voice


kubnugin

ᜃᜓᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜄᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

(physics, neologism) subsonic (having a frequency too low to be audible)


ulnuagamahin

tl-adj

ulnuagamahin (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜀᜄᜋᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜀᜄᜋᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊl.n̪ʊ.ʔɐ.ɣɐˈmaː.hɪn̪]

From ulnu- (“socio-”) + agama (“religion”) + -hin.


ulnuagimatin

tl-adj

ulnuagimatin (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜀᜄᜒᜋᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜀᜄᜒᜋᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊl.n̪ʊ.ʔɐ.ɣɪˈmaː.t̪ɪn̪]

From ulnu- (“socio-”) + agimat (“thrift; economy”) + -in.


ulnubanwahin

tl-adj

ulnubanwahin (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜊᜈ᜔ᜏᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜊᜈ᜔ᜏᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ulnu- (“socio-”) + banwa (“state”) + -hin.


ulnukalnangin

tl-adj

ulnukalnangín (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜃᜎ᜔ᜈᜅᜒᜈ᜔)

ulnukalnangín (canonical)
ᜂᜎ᜔ᜈᜓᜃᜎ᜔ᜈᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊl.n̪ʊ.xɐl.n̪ɐˈŋɪn̪]

Syncopic form from ulnu- (“socio-”) + kalinangan (“culture”) + -in.


balot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balut. Compare Malay balut.


umid

[ˈʔuː.mɪd̪̚]

speechless; dumb; silent (due to fear, shame, shyness, etc.)


pandak

pandák (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
panrak (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay pendek, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pandak (“short in height, squat and compact in build, of a person”).


parigilid

parigilíd (canonical)
ᜉᜇᜒᜄᜒᜎᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐ.ɾɪ.ɣɪˈlɪd̪̚]


Alpino

Borrowed from Spanish alpino, from Latin Alpīnus. See also alpino.


Israelita

[ʔɪs.ɾɐ.ʔɛˈliː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish israelita, from Late Latin Isrāēlīta (“Israelite”), from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱηλῑ́της (Isrāēlī́tēs, “Israelite”).


likas

Borrowed from Kapampangan likas (“bodily humors”). Displaced hambo.


likas

Borrowed from Kapampangan likas (“to travel; to move”).

evacuated from a certain place (of people)


alegreto

[ʔɐ.lɛˈɡɾɛː.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish alegreto, from Italian allegretto.


mom jeans

tl-adj

mom jeans (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜋᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English mom jeans (“high-waisted bluejeans for women”).


yukyok

sunken (of a loose pile of soil, garbage, etc.)


nakayukyok

tl-adj

nakayukyók (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜃᜌᜓᜃ᜔ᜌᜓᜃ᜔)

nakayukyók (canonical)
ᜈᜃᜌᜓᜃ᜔ᜌᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Nakayukyok ang lahat ng tao pagkatapos magsimulang umuga ang gusali.

Everybody was crouched after the building started swaying.


dikdik

dikdík (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
rikrik (alternative)

[d̪ɪkˈd̪ɪk̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəkdək (“pulverize, crush by pounding”). Compare Bikol Central dukdok, Cebuano dukdok, and Malay dedak (“powdered rice husk”). Doublet of darak.


suhi

Malaki ang panganib na mamamatay ang sanggol habang pinapanganak na suhi.

There is a large chance of death if a child is delivered in a breech position.

born in a breech position; delivered with the feet first (of a baby)


damuho

Ayaw niyang gayahin ang damuhong sayaw ng mga lasing.

He refuses to imitate the savage dance of drunk people.

Tumatakbo ang damuhong bata sa lansangan araw-araw.

The ignorant child runs around the street every day.

Hay, Kulas, damuho ka! Magtigil ka nga ng pamumuwisit, a !

Oh, Kulas [Nicolas], you fool! Can you stop annoying me!

rustically stupid; ignorant (due to being young or being uneducated)


hayop

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *háyup. Compare Pangasinan ayep, Bikol Central hayop, and Cebuano hayop. See also Malay hidup.

(derogatory) immoral; debased (of a person)


laog

undomesticated; wild (especially of cats)

nomadic; vagrant; wandering (in search for food or adventure)


lungkag

Mahirap dalhin ang lungkag na bayong ng bulak ni Ester.

It is difficult to carry Ester's bulky but light palm sack full of cotton.


butod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buntuD (“swollen, distended, of the belly”). Compare Aklanon butod, Cebuano butod, Hiligaynon buntud, and Malay buntur.


huyong

huyóng (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜌᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
hoyong (alternative)


may uwang sa ulo

tl-adj

may uwáng sa ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜂᜏᜅ᜔ ᜐ ᜂᜎᜓ)

may uwáng sa ulo (canonical)
ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜂᜏᜅ᜔ ᜐ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

Literally, “to have a horned beetle inside one's head”.

lit

Araw-araw na lang may uwang sa ulo ang mga anak ni Ninay.

Every single day, Ninay's children are always throwing tantrums.

(idiomatic) said of someone who is moody or is having a fit of the tantrums (usually referring to children)


uhaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quhaw (compare Kapampangan aua, Cebuano uhaw, Hiligaynon uhaw, Tausug uhaw, Waray-Waray uhaw), from Proto-Austronesian *quSaw.

Uhaw na uhaw ako pagkatapos tumakbo.

Uhaw na uhaw na ako sa pagmamahal.

(figurative) having a craving or strong desire (for something)


Silangan

ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
silangan (alternative)


malansa

tl-adj

malansá (plural malalansa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ)

malansá (canonical)
malalansa (plural)
ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

1906, Hermenegildo Cruz, Kun sino ang kumathâ ng̃ "Florante", Librería "Manila filatélico", pp. 187-188. (in the poem "Sa Aking Mga Kabatà" supposedly written by José Rizal)

He that knows not to love his own language / is worse than beasts and putrid fish /

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salitâ / mahigit sa hayop at malansáng isdâ /


utal

defective in speech; stammering; stuttering


tapos

From Proto-Austronesian *tapus (“end, complete, finish”).


kabuto

kabutó (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
cabot-o (alternative)
kabut-o (alternative obsolete)

kabutong anak


absurdista

tl-adj

absurdista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


planado

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English planned, influenced by Spanish -ado. By surface analysis, plano + -ado. The proper Spanish term is Spanish planeado.


entremetida

tl-adj

entremetida (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇ (Baybayin)
intrimitida (alternative)

[ʔɛn̪.t̪ɾɛ.mɛˈt̪iː.d̪ɐ]


tangkal

tangkál (canonical)
ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
tangcal (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *taŋkal (“coop, as for chickens; pen, as for pigs”). Compare Bikol Central tangkal (“pigsty”).


awang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *awaŋ (“atmosphere, space between earth and sky”). Compare Malay awang. See also kawang.


saab

singed; burned (of something superficially over a flame)


hapo

hard of breathing; catching one's breath with difficulty


tumbaga

Borrowed from Spanish tumbaga, from Malay tembaga, from Sanskrit ताम्रक (tāmraka, “copper”) or Sanskrit उडुम्बर (uḍumbara, “copper”).


iyan

iyán (canonical)
ᜁᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
'yan (alternative clipping)
yan (alternative clipping)
yarn (alternative slang)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ian (“that, there (probably 2p.)”). Compare Bikol Central iyan.

that (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


kabata

From ka- + bata. Compare Cebuano kabata.


akseptable

tl-adj

akseptable (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English acceptable.


pantay

[pɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pantay (“flat, level (of ground)”). Compare Kapampangan pante, Malay pantai (“beach, coast”).


konti

kontì (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
konte (alternative)

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


tambay

consumed; finished (of work assigned, etc.)

killed instantaneously (especially with a single blow, stab, shot, etc.)


antok

antók (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
antoc (alternative)

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qantuk. Compare Malay antuk.


taog

[ˈt̪aː.ʔoɡ̚]


yuko

yukô (canonical)
ᜌᜓᜃᜓ (Baybayin)
yoco (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *yukúq (“to stoop, bend down”). Compare Masbatenyo yuko. Doublet of yukos.


yukos

yukós (canonical)
ᜌᜓᜃᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
yukot (alternative)

wrinkled; crushed; creased (of clothes, paper, etc.)


yukos

bent (as of a branch or a tree laden with fruit)


yupi

dented; dinted; folded (of a metal sheet, tin, or can)


bisto

obvious; evident; clear (especially while trying to hide something)


posmoderno

tl-adj

posmoderno (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
postmoderno (alternative)


abstrakto

abstrakto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abstracto, from Latin abstractus. The noun sense is a semantic loan from English abstract. Doublet of abstrak.

abstract (considered apart from any application to a particular object)

(art) abstract (free from representational qualities)


pasalubong

pasalubóng (canonical)
ᜉᜐᜎᜓᜊᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pa- + salubong.
* (noun): Literally, “something for the time of meeting or encounter (such as a welcome)”.
* (adjective): Literally, “on such a way where two converges”.

lit

coming, moving, or travelling from opposite directions towards each other


dehado

Borrowed from Spanish dejado (“left behind”).

bor+

having the least number of bettors (such as horse racing, cockfighting, etc.)


higlikas

higlikás (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


di-likas

dî-likás (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
dilikas (alternative)


sugnayanin

tl-adj

sugnayanin (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜈᜌᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜈᜌᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


aghimuin

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜒᜋᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɡ.hɪˈmuː.ʔɪn̪]


igkasin

[ʔɪɡˈkaː.sɪn̪]


diigkasin

diigkasin (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜁᜄ᜔ᜃᜐᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜇᜒᜁᜄ᜔ᜃᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪ.ʔɪɡˈkaː.sɪn̪]


lagumlalangin

lagumlalangin (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜄᜓᜋ᜔ᜎᜎᜅᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜎᜄᜓᜋ᜔ᜎᜎᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


mapagkawanggawa

mapagkáwanggawâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜏᜅ᜔ᜄᜏ)

mapagkáwanggawâ (canonical)
ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜏᜅ᜔ᜄᜏ (Baybayin)


bagunsakupin

bagunsakupin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜃᜓᜉᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜃᜓᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


balisungsong

balisungsóng (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜓᜅ᜔)

balisungsóng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
balisungsung (alternative)


lihim

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lihim. Compare Asi lihim, Bikol Central hilom, Cebuano hilom, and Central Melanau lim.


magalang

[mɐˈɣaː.lɐŋ]


lagaylay

[lɐ.ɣaɪ̯ˈlaɪ̯]

hanging down; drooping (but still supporting itself by an upward bend up to the middle, as of palm leaves)


malagkit

tl-adj

malagkít (plural malalagkit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜄ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔)

malagkít (canonical)
malalagkit (plural)
ᜋᜎᜄ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
malagquit (alternative)

[mɐ.lɐɡˈkɪt̪̚]


tablaw

open or exposed to the weather, especially to the rain or sun (of a place)


Nazareno

ᜈᜐᜇᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
Nasareno (alternative)

[n̪ɐ.sɐˈɾɛː.n̪o]

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish nazareno, from Late Latin nazarēnus, from Ancient Greek Ναζαρηνός (Nazarēnós).


wakwak

wakwák (canonical)
ᜏᜃ᜔ᜏᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
uacuac (alternative)

ripped or torn violently ; disemboweled (disclosing inner structures)


kabit

From Proto-Philippine *kabit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kabit, from Proto-Austronesian *kabit (“hook”). Doublet of kawit.


baboy-baboy

tl-adj

babóy-babóy (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

babóy-babóy (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜊᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)
babuy-baboy (alternative)

[bɐˌboɪ̯ bɐˈboɪ̯]

Reduplication of baboy (“pig”). Literally, “pig-like”.


Arabo

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English Arab influenced by Spanish -o. Compare Mandarin 阿拉伯 (Ālābó).

pseudo-loan

Arab (of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations)

(colloquial, loosely) with Middle Eastern features (of a person)


letse

Borrowed from Spanish leche (“milk; semen”), from Late Latin lactem, from Latin lac. The derogatory sense is related to the Spanish me cago en la leche.

bor+

Ano ba itong lecheng pag-ibig na 'to!

(vulgar, derogatory) generic intensifier: damn; bloody; fucking


nalilibog

From na- + libog with initial reduplication.


matambok

matambók (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

(by extension, informal) bulging; sticking out (the crotch)


kamote

ᜃᜋᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
kamuti (alternative obsolete)

→ Hokkien: ka-mú-tī

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish camote (“sweet potato”), from Classical Nahuatl camohtli.
The sense about performing badly is possibly an expression suggesting students should instead plant potatoes, or possibly a play on the word kamot (“scratch”), about scratching one's head when not knowing what to do. However, some sources state that this sense already exists as part of Spanish slang.
Compare Chamorro kamote (“shucks; dang it”) and kamuti (“sweet potato”). See also Hokkien 大番薯 (tōa-han-chî), Cantonese 大番薯 (daai⁶ faan¹ syu⁴⁻²), Hakka 大番薯.

(slang) puzzled; unable to figure out how to resolve a problem or a task


kahoy

From Proto-Central Philippine *kahuy, from Proto-Philippine *kahiw (cf. Yami kayo, Ibatan kayo, Pangasinan kiew, Cebuano kahoy, and Tausug kahuy), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kahiw (cf. Malagasy hazo, Malay kayu, and Maori kau), from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw.


tawas

tawás (canonical)
ᜆᜏᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
tauas (alternative)

Borrowed from Malay tawas. Compare Cebuano tawas and Waray-Waray tawas.


lawas

hitting above and beyond the target point; missing widely


hilaw

hiláw (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
hilao (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *hilaw. Compare Malay hijau.


upahan

upahán (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
opahan (alternative)


habol

fond of crying if not allowed to go with (especially of a child)


taob

lying flat with the stomach and face under

(gambling, figurative) bankrupt (of a banker)


sunog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sunuʀ. Compare Aklanon sunog, Cebuano sunog, Mansaka sonog, Tausug sunug, and Tetum sunu.
May be related to descendants of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunu. Compare Malay tunu.


dahilig

[d̪ɐˈhiː.lɪɡ̚]

[d̪ɐ.hɪˈlɪɡ̚]


dalawit

involved by chance in an affair (usually one not so desirable)


sungay

From Proto-Philippine *súŋay. Compare Bikol Central sungay, Cebuano sungay, Hiligaynon sungay, and Waray-Waray sungay.


ugma

well-adjusted; well-set (of a joint, etc.)


tumpang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumpaŋ (“to carry something above one another”). Compare Malay tumpang.

inh

carried on the head or shoulders (of two things one over the other)


ul-ol

ul-ól (canonical)
ᜂᜎ᜔ᜂᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
ol-ol (alternative)


bungi

From Proto-Philippine *buŋiq. Compare Bikol Central bungi, Cebuano bungi, and Masbatenyo bungi.

with a missing tooth or teeth (of a person)

jagged; nicked; dented; notched (of the edge of tools)


hinog

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hinuʀ (“ripe; to ripen”). Compare Bikol Central hinog and Cebuano hinog.


tugnaw

[t̪ʊɡˈn̪aʊ̯]


pukaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pukaw (“to wake someone up”).


tulog

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tuduʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuduʀ (cf. Aklanon tueog, Bikol Central turog, Ilocano turog, Javanese ꦠꦸꦫꦸ (turu), Malay tidur, Maranao torog, Tausug tug), from Proto-Austronesian *tuduʀ.

(boxing, figurative, colloquial) knocked out


lugaw

lugáw (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜄᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
logao (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *lugaw (“rice porridge”). Compare Agutaynen logaw, Bikol Central lugaw, Cebuano lugaw, Aklanon eugaw, Hiligaynon lugaw, and Waray-Waray lugaw.

inh

(figurative) unable to think clearly; confused


abintestato

tl-adj

abintestato (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abintestato, from Latin ab intestātō (“by intestacy”).


bugtong

bugtóng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bogtong (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *buʀ(ə)túŋ, *bug(ə)tuŋ.


patay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *p-atay (“kill”), from Proto-Austronesian *pa-aCay (“kill”), from Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”). Compare Ilocano patay, Pangasinan patey, Sambali pati, Kapampangan pate, Cebuano patay, Maranao patay, and Javanese ꦥꦠꦶ (pati).

inh+

aanhin pa ang damo kung patay na ang kabayo

off; not on; unpowered (as of a light, machine)

obsolete; extinct; no longer in use (as of a word, language, or law)

patay na patay kay Rody

(colloquial) smitten; in love; head over heels


balbon

balbón (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
barbon (alternative)

(construction) defected due to uneven plastering (of a wall)


bayot

tl-adj

bayot or bayót (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜌᜓᜆ᜔)

bayot (canonical)
bayót (canonical)
ᜊᜌᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


masikhay

masikháy (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜑᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


taranta

[t̪ɐ.ɾɐn̪ˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish atarantar (“to daze”).


kilig

kilíg (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
cqilig (alternative)
qilig (alternative)
quilig (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilig (“shudder”).

excited or thrilled (such as from a romantic experience)


labnot

From Proto-Philippine *rab(ə)nut (“to grab and pull”) (cf. Cebuano labnot and Ilocano rabnot).

inh

plucked out; uprooted; sharply pulled up (of hair, weeds, roots, feathers, etc.)


bugok

From Proto-Philippine *buʀuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buʀuk, from Proto-Austronesian *buʀuk (“rotten; bad character”). Doublet of bulok.


layo

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *adayuq (“far”). Compare Cebuano and Hiligaynon layo, Bikol Central rayo, and Ilocano adayo. See also Malay jauh.

inh+

far from each other; away from each other


tuwad

tuwád (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜏᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
touar (alternative)
tuwar (alternative)

bent or leaning down forward with the buttocks raised higher than one's head


guwang

guwáng (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
guang (alternative)


magulang

[mɐˈɣuː.lɐŋ]


tirong

pretending or acting like a bully (of a man)


pisot

flattened, pressed, or broken because of being trampled or steped on (e.g. grass, plants, or any soft object such as cigarette butts)


tastas

detached; unfastened (of parts of a structure)


mabangis

tl-adj

mabangís (plural mababangis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜅᜒᜐ᜔)

mabangís (canonical)
mababangis (plural)
ᜋᜊᜅᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


unano

unanò (canonical)
unano (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜈᜓ (Baybayin)
enano (alternative)
inano (alternative)

[ʔʊˈn̪aː.n̪oʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish enano, from Latin nānus, from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos).


kordero

ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
cordero (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cordero, from Vulgar Latin *cordārium, from Latin cordus.


pundi

Borrowed from Spanish fundir, from Latin fundere.

Punding bombilya

Punding-pundi ako sa sobrang kulit ng mga anak mo.

I'm all fed up by your very naughty kids.


salu-salo

(common) Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of salo-salo.


luksa

luksâ (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
locsa (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit रूक्ष (rūkṣa, “dry; emaciated”).

bor+

mourning; grieving (over death of someone)


talab

potently effective; proved effective (of medicine, advice, lesson, etc.)

effectively cutting through (of cutting tools)


KKB

ᜃᜒᜌ᜔ᜃᜒᜌ᜔ᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

kaniya-kaniyang bayad
kaniya-kaniyang bayad#Tagalog

initialism of kaniya-kaniyang bayad (“each one pays their own”)


kikay

→ English: kikay, kikay kit

→ Cebuano: kikay, kikay kit

From Kika (female given name, diminutive of Francisca) + -ay (diminutive suffix). Compare Spanish Quica.

suffix

Kika<pos:female given name, diminutive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="tl">Francisca</i>>


bamban

bambán (canonical)
ᜊᜋ᜔ᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
banban (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banban. Compare Malay bemban.

(derogatory) weak; powerless; slow in comprehension


sabaw

From Proto-Philippine *sabaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sa(m)baw. Compare Bikol Central sabaw, Cebuano sabaw, Kapampangan sabo, Maguindanao sabaw, Maranao sawaw, Tausug sabaw, Malay sambau, and Waray-Waray sabaw. The figurative sense is from sabaw ang utak.

(figurative, slang) empty-headed; dazed; lacking a clear, mental state (resulting in lack of concentration and clear thinking)


bunot

From Proto-Central Philippine *bugnut (“pull out”) or Proto-Philippine *búnut (“pulling out, uprooting”). Compare Ilocano bunot, Bikol Central bugnot, Cebuano bunot, and Hiligaynon bugnot.

inh

unsheathed; drawn (of a weapon from its sheath or holster)


mapurol

→ Chavacano: mapurol


gilit

gilít (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
gil-it (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *gərəC (“slit an animal's throat”). Compare Bikol Central gurot, Cebuano gulot, and Malay kerat.

sliced; cut into thin slices (of meat, fish, etc.)


palainom

having the characteristics of a drunkard


tanso

tansô (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
tangso (alternative obsolete)

Possibly from Hokkien 銅索 /铜索 (tâng soh, “copper wire”) or Hokkien 銅線 /铜线 (tâng-sòaⁿ, “copper wire”). Compare Kapampangan tangsu, Remontado Agta tansu, and Yogad tansu.


ngilo

ngiló (canonical)
ᜅᜒᜎᜓ (Baybayin)
ng̃ilo (alternative)

From Proto-Austronesian *ŋilu. Compare Malay ngilu.

feeling the tingling nerve pain on the edge of one's teeth (of a person)


kawayan

From Proto-Austronesian *kawayan. Compare Kapampangan kuayan, Bikol Central kawayan, Cebuano kawayan, Tausug kayawan and Yami kawalan.


balbal

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan balbal.

broken into pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


ordinaryo

tl-adj

ordinaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜂᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


libot

From Proto-Philippine *libut (“go around”).

frequented or visited often (of a place)


sakay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay. Compare Kapampangan sake.


desidido

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
disidido (alternative)


lumpo

lumpó (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ (Baybayin)
lompo (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumpuq. Compare Kapampangan lumpu, Cebuano lumpo and Malay lumpuh.


mayor de edad

tl-adj

mayór de edád (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜇᜇ᜔)

mayór de edád (canonical)
ᜋᜌᜓᜇ᜔ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


prestihiyoso

prestihiyoso (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
prestiyoso (alternative colloquial)


relihiyoso

relihiyoso (feminine relihiyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

relihiyosa (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


malisyoso

malisyoso (feminine malisyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

malisyosa (feminine)
ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

having a tendency to associate something with sex


bagamundo

ᜊᜄᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
bagabundo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish vagamundo, rare form of vagabundo with influence of mundo (“world”), from Late Latin vagabundus. Doublet of mundo.


limpiyo

límpiyó (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
limpyo (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish limpio, from Latin limpidus.

cleaned out; having lost all in a venture or gamble


benditado

benditado (feminine bendita, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜇᜓ)

bendita (feminine)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
binditado (alternative)

From bendita + -ado. See also Spanish bendecido, past participle of bendecir (“to bless”).


aalug-alog

aalúg-alóg (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜀᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜀᜎᜓᜄ᜔)

aalúg-alóg (canonical)
ᜀᜀᜎᜓᜄ᜔ᜀᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ʔɐˌluɡ ʔɐˈloɡ̚]


abalang-abala

abaláng-abalá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜎᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜎ)

abaláng-abalá (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜎᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜎ (Baybayin)


Santo

Santo (feminine Santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

Santa (feminine)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Sto. (alternative abbreviation)

alternative letter-case form of santo when referring to an important figure, item, or event which had a masculine gender in Spanish: Holy


palso

Borrowed from Spanish falso, from Latin falsus.


kudkod

kudkód (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
kurkor (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kuDkuD (“to scrape; rasp; grate”).


pilosopo

pilósopó (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜓᜐᜓᜉᜓ (Baybayin)


prito

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
pirito (alternative)
pritos (alternative)
piritos (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish frito, from Latin frictus, perfect passive participle of frigō.


gisado

ᜄᜒᜐᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
guisado (alternative common)

Borrowed from Spanish guisado (“stew; stewed”) with semantic shift. By surface analysis, gisa + -ado.


yano

Borrowed from Spanish llano (“plain”), from Latin plānus. Doublet of liyano and plano.


tsismoso

tl-adj

tsismoso (feminine tsismosa, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓ)

tsismosa (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


tambal

paired together (such as of two dancers)

playing together as partners (as in tennis, badminton, etc.)


ikalima

ikalimá (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜎᜒᜋ (Baybayin)
icalima (alternative)

From ika- + lima (“five”). Compare Cebuano ikalima.


babad

babád (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
babar (alternative)

thoroughly soaked; saturated (in liquid)


babasagin

babasagín or bábasagín (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜐᜄᜒᜈ᜔)

babasagín (canonical)
bábasagín (canonical)
ᜊᜊᜐᜄᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From basag + -in, with initial reduplication of basag.


tadtad

tadtád (canonical)
ᜆᜇ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
tartar (alternative)

[t̪ɐd̪ˈt̪ad̪̚]

Possibly onomatopoeic. Compare Cebuano tadtad, Kapampangan tadtad, Pangasinan tartar, and Ibaloi ta-ad (“small knife”), and tudtod.

minced; choppedup into small bits (of meat, etc.)

fully or thickly covered (with pockmarks, holes, etc.)


akting

acting (temporarily assuming the duties or authority)


adisyunal

adisyunál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜎ᜔)

adisyunál (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɪ.ʃʊˈn̪al]


agapay

[ʔɐˈɣaː.paɪ̯]


agresibo

Borrowed from Spanish agresivo (“aggressive”).

bor+

bold and active; full of enterprise and initiative


tsokolate

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜃᜓᜎᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
tsokulate (alternative)
sikulate (alternative archaic)
tsikulate (alternative archaic)

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from a Classical Nahuatl word, possibly from chocolātl. See more at English chocolate. Compare Cebuano sikwate.

tsokolate:

kulay tsokolate

lasang tsokolate


alanganin

[ʔɐ.lɐˈŋaː.n̪ɪn̪]

(dialectal, Quezon, by extension) between its young and mature stage (of a coconut)

(dialectal, Quezon, by extension) pubescent


orig

Clipping of English original. Doublet of orihinal.


delikado

ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜃᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
dilikado (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish delicado, from Latin delicātus.


sekswal

sekswál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of seksuwal.


gigil

gigíl (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜄᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
guiguil (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gigil. Compare Ilocano gerger, Kapampangan galgal, Malay gegar /gigil.

Gasgas na gasgas na ang balita mong iyon. Gigil na gigil — sabik na sabik, gustong malaman kaagad kung ano ang magiging wakas, o galit na galit. Kanina pa gigil na gigil si Perlie kay Paul. Hilot nang hilot — ginagawa ang lahat nang ...

1999, Rosario Torres-Yu, Lilia F. Antonio, Ligaya Tiamson-Rubin, Talinghagang Bukambibig, Inilathala, →ISBN:

Gigil na gigil ako — at tuwang-tuwa sa sarili na gigil na gigil ako. Katunayan iyon na bahagi ako ng aking kapanahunan, at tigib ng marangal na malasakit sa kalagayan ng sangkatauhan. Kaya, umakyat ako sa hagdanan, at saglit na tumayo ...

2007, Retrato ng artista bilang Filipino: isang elehiya na may tatlong tagpo, Ateneo University Press, →ISBN, page 9:

Gigil na gigil si Aling Rosa sa pagsasalita at lumilitaw ang mga ugat sa leeg. “Bayaan mo na... talagang ganyan ang bunso!" “Bunso!” Hinagod ni Aling Rosa ang buhok na nakalag sa pagkakapusod at padarag na ibinuhol uli iyon, at sinundan ...

2007, Sambotani Iv, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 1865:

Gigil na gigil na akong malaman kung ano nga. Nakatakip ang mga palad niya na parang piring sa aking mata habang ako ay naghihintay ng segundong alisin niya na iyon para makita ko na ang surpresa. Pero masaya ako. Kinikilig ako.

2014, Taga Imus, Sa Butas 2012: Tagalog Gay Story, Taga Imus M2M Books - TGIMS Publishing Services, →ISBN, page 51:

grittingly thrilling, enough to cause the gritting of one's teeth, gripping one's hands tightly, and/or trembling one's body due to suppressed, overwhelming pleasure, thrill, or sometimes also anger


elementarya

tl-adj

elementarya (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌ)

ᜁᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English elementary, influenced by Spanish -aria, from Latin elementārius (“elementary”).


pilit

From Proto-Philippine *pílit (“to insist; to force, compel someone to do something”).


tulisan

Philippine_revolts_against_Spain#Agrarian Revolt of 1745

From tulis (“sharpness”) + -an.
For the sense “robber; brigand; bandit; outlaw”, the word can be interpreted literally as “pointed; bladeholder; person with a pointed weapon”. The usage of the sense was said to have started appearing after the Agrarian Revolt of 1745 in Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, and in Bulacan where indigenous landowners rose in arms over the land grabbing of Spanish friars or Catholic religious orders, with native landowners demanding that Spanish priests return their lands on the basis of ancestral domain. Doublet of tulisanes.


kalunos-lunos

tl-adj

kalunos-lunos or kalunós-lunós (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

kalunos-lunos (canonical)
kalunós-lunós (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
calonoslonos (alternative)
kalunus-lunos (alternative nonstandard)


angkas

angkás (canonical)
ᜀᜅ᜔ᜃᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ankas (alternative obsolete)

Possibly from the following:
* Borrowed from Spanish ancas, plural of anca (“haunch”), with a stress shift due to having a closed penultimate syllable.
* Inherited from Proto-Philippine *aŋkás.
Compare Aklanon angkas and Tausug angkas.

riding together on the same vehicle or horseback (mostly vehicles where one needs to straddle)


ligid

ligíd (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
ligir (alternative)

[ˈliː.ɣɪd̪̚]


prangko

prangko (feminine prangka, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜃᜓ)

frank; honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; straightforward; not reserved or disguised


patid

patíd (canonical)
ᜉᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
patir (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *patəd (“chop, hack off”). Compare Kapampangan patad, Maranao pated, Bikol Central patod, and Ilocano puted.

inh

ended; stopped from something continuous


bakwit

defective in pronunciation (in one's speech)


tabang

tabáng (canonical)
ᜆᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
tab-ang (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)baŋ. Compare Bikol Central tabang, Cebuano tab-ang and Tausug ta'bang.


ipon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qi(m)pun (“heap, collection; to gather, heap up”). Compare Aklanon impon and Malay himpun.

inh

gathered; collected (of things into one place)


kompleto

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
kumpleto (alternative)


maluwat

tl-adj

maluwát (plural maluluwat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔)

maluwát (canonical)
maluluwat (plural)
ᜋᜎᜓᜏᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Maluwat pa bago mamatay ang mangkukulam.

Panalo ang pula ayon sa tagahatol. Hiyawan ang mga manonood— maluwat na sigawang narinig sa buong bayan!

The red won according to the judge. Crowd cheers— long delayed cheers that was heard the whole town!


ampaw

ampáw (canonical)
ᜀᜋ᜔ᜉᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ampao (alternative)

Uncertain. Possibly either:
* From Chinese, possibly Hokkien 紅包 /红包 (âng-pau), same with etymology 2. Compare Spanish hampáo, English ampao, Ilocano ampaw, Kapampangan ampo, Bikol Central ampaw, Cebuano ampaw, Aklanon ampaw, and Maranao ampaw.
* From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampaw (“empty husk (of rice, etc.)”).

inh

(figurative, colloquial, slang) weak; infirm; frail; feeble

(construction) having honeycomb air pockets in concrete (when applied incorrectly)


abswelto

tl-adj

abswelto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of absuwelto.


Musulman

Musulmán (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish musulmán, from French musulman, from Ottoman Turkish مسلمان (Müslüman, “Muslim”), from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim, “Muslim”), possibly via its plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn). Doublet of Muslim.


ubos

ubós (canonical)
ᜂᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
obos (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *ubus, from Proto-Philippine *qubus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubus. Compare Ilocano obos, Itawit ufut, Kankanaey umus, Casiguran Dumagat Agta obus, Bikol Central ubos, Cebuano ubus, Maranao obos, Tausug ubus, Old Javanese huwus, Makasar obus, and Chamorro upos.

Ubos na ang pera ko.


rubyo

tl-adj

rubyo (feminine rubya, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜊ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish rubio (“blond”), from Latin rubeus.


reklamador

reklamadór (feminine reklamadora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

reklamadór (canonical)
reklamadora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜋᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish reclamador, possibly Philippine Spanish.

fond of complaining; given to complaints


suplado

suplado (feminine suplada, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜉ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish soplado (“blown; inflated”).

bor+

conceited; snobbish; puffed up (in manners)


bilot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-lut (“to twist around”).


atribido

tl-adj

atribido (feminine atribida, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓ)

atribida (feminine)
ᜀᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


atribida

[ʔɐ.t̪ɾɪˈbiː.d̪ɐ]


beterano

experienced (in a certain activity or position)


ayaw

ayaw (canonical)
ayáw (canonical)
ᜀᜌᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
ayao (alternative)
ayau (alternative)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *ayáw (“do not”). Cognate with Cebuano ayáw (“do not”). Compare also Javanese ꦲꦪ꧀ꦮ (aywa, “do not”) and Old Javanese haywa (“do not”).


sugod

sugód (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜄᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
sugor (alternative)

impulsive; acting upon impulse without thinking


buyo

engrossed; absorbed (in what one is doing)


guwapa

guwapa (masculine guwapo, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜏᜉ)

guwapo (masculine)
ᜄᜓᜏᜉ (Baybayin)
gwapa (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish guapa (“beautiful”).


mestiso

tl-adj

mestiso (feminine mestisa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜓ)

mestisa (feminine)
ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)
mestizo (alternative)
mistiso (alternative)

mestizo; mixed-blood; half-blooded; mixed-race; mixed heritage


mestisa

mestisa (masculine mestiso, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ)

mestiso (masculine)
ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ (Baybayin)
mestiza (alternative)
mistisa (alternative)

mestiza; mixed-blood female; half blood girl; mixed-race woman; mixed heritage lady


exag

excessively sentimental; oversentimental; overemotional

having a tendency to overact or overreact


tsinito

tsinito (feminine tsinita, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓ)

tsinita (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
Tsinito (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish chinito. By surface analysis, Tsino + -ito.

with Chinese features (of a person, especially with slanted or narrow eyes)


tsinita

ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜆ (Baybayin)
chinita (alternative colloquial)
Tsinita (alternative)

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪iː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish chinita, or analytically from Tsina + -ita.


buwang

buwáng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
bouang (alternative)


hakot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakut, from Proto-Austronesian *SakuC. Compare Paiwan sakuc, Mansaka akot, and Malay angkut.

transported, delivered, or carried (to the destination)


putol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *putul (“to break off, cut off”), from Proto-Austronesian *putun (“to break off, cut off, as a limb”).

der

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit ang imahen ni San Clemente sa bahay ng pintor na si Vicente Reyes na San Clementeng putol ay hindi tunay na putol. Mukha lang siyang putol dahil nakaharap siya sa pulpito at nangangaral bilang prinsipe ng ...

2001, Retorikang Pangkolehiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 261:

Buhat sa putol na sanga – Napag-aaralan kung aling sanga ang madaling tumubo. Itanim ang isang magulang at isang murang sanga.

year unknown, Higit Na Kaunlaran, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 207

Putol ang trabaho namin ngayon dahil may paparating na bagyo.

Our work was suspended because a typhoon will arrive soon.

(medicine) crooked or twisted (as an arm)


kaedad

[kɐ.ʔɛˈd̪ad̪̚]


balingkinitan

tl-adj

balingkinitan (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
balangkinitan (alternative)
balinkinitan (alternative)

slender; lean; long and thin (of one's body)


balisuso

Compare with Bikol Central balisuso and Cebuano balisuso.


baliskad

baliskád (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

standing on end; turned straight up (as of hair, fibers, etc.)

turned or curled up partially (of edges or corners of a flat object)


balinghat

balinghát (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜑᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

blown inside-out (as an umbrella by the wind)


kirimpot

kirimpót (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜇᜒᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Chinese, according to Panganiban (1973). Compare kiri.


agaran

[ˌʔaːˈɣaː.ɾɐn̪]


sugarol

sugaról (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜄᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
sugadol (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugador (“player”). Doublet of hugador.


wadwad

wadwád (canonical)
ᜏᜇ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
uaruar (alternative)

uncovered; exposed (to the sun, wind, rain, sight, etc.)


walwal

scattered; spread out (exposed to the sun, wind, rain, the elements, etc.)


wating-wating

tl-adj

watíng-watíng (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

watíng-watíng (canonical)
ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜏᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[wɐˌt̪ɪŋ wɐˈt̪ɪŋ]


wating

Possibly clipping of English squat (“occupation of a building/land without permission of owner”) + -ing. Popularized by the 1994 movie Wating, directed by Ishmael Bernal.


wingkag

forced open as with a lever or bar (of a lock)


waldas

Uncertain. Compare Spanish guardas (“you save, clean, put away”).

noncog

squandered; spent wastefully or extravagantly; misappropriated (of funds)


windang

windáng (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
uindang (alternative)

torn to shreds; torn apart; rent asunder; torn into tatters


wiliwid

wiliwíd (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜎᜒᜏᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
uiliuir (alternative)


wiklas

wiklás (canonical)
ᜏᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
uiclas (alternative)

torn off or opened forcibly (as of a pocket, lock, etc.)


wasak

wasák (canonical)
ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
uasac (alternative)

completely destroyed; ruined; broken; wrecked

(colloquial) wasted (very drunk or stoned)


malilom

tl-adj

malilom (plural malililom, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜎᜓᜋ᜔)


malimit

malimit (plural malilimit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔)


kalawang

kalawang:


kayumanggi

kayumanggí (canonical)
ᜃᜌᜓᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜒ (Baybayin)
cayomangi (alternative)
cayomangui (alternative)
kayumangi (alternative obsolete)

[kɐ.jʊ.mɐŋˈɡɪ]

May be related to Malay kayu (“wood”) (or its cognates from Proto-Austronesian *kaSiw, cf. kahoy), which may refer to its color. Compare Malay kayu manis (“cinnamon”) and Malay manggi-manggi (“mangrove tree (Rhizophora mucronata”). See also Portuguese mangue (“mangrove”).


wasak-wasak

tl-adj

wasák-wasák (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ᜏᜐᜃ᜔)

wasák-wasák (canonical)
ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ᜏᜐᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

completely destroyed all over or ruined; fragmented to pieces


yantok

yantók (canonical)
ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
yantoc (alternative)


gulay

Possibly inherited from Proto-Philippine *gúlay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gulay; or from Brunei Malay gulai, ultimately from Tamil குழை (kuḻai, “tender leaf; sprout; shoot; to become soft; pulpy; as well-cooked”). Compare Kapampangan gule, Bikol Central gulay, and Masbatenyo gulay. See also Chamorro gollai.
Sense “very weak due to disease” is from parang gulay ang katawan. See also English vegetative.


pilay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pilay, from Proto-Austronesian *piNay (“lame, crippled”). Compare Malay pirai (“rheumatic”).


mabilis

tl-adj

mabilís (plural mabibilis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

mabilís (canonical)
mabibilis (plural)
ᜋᜊᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
bilis (root)
mabilis (singular)
mabibilis (plural)
mas mabilis (singular superior)
mas mabibilis (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabilis (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabibilis (inferior plural)
kasimbilis (equal)
ang pinakamabilis (relative singular)
ang pinakamabibilis (plural relative)
napakamabilis (absolute singular)
napakamabibilis (absolute plural)
pagkabilis (absolute singular)
pagkabilis-bilis (absolute plural)

(grammar) nonglottal ultimate stress pronunciation


mabagal

mabagal (plural mababagal, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜄᜎ᜔)

mababagal (plural)
ᜋᜊᜄᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
bagal (root)
mabagal (singular)
mababagal (plural)
mas mabagal (singular superior)
mas mababagal (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabagal (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababagal (inferior plural)
kasimbagal (equal)
ang pinakamabagal (relative singular)
ang pinakamababagal (plural relative)
napakamabagal (absolute singular)
napakamababagal (absolute plural)
pagkabagal (absolute singular)
pagkabagal-bagal (absolute plural)


malapad

malapad (plural malalapad, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜉᜇ᜔)

malalapad (plural)
ᜋᜎᜉᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
malapar (alternative)


atin

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɪn̪]

[ˈʔaː.t̪ɛn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atən, from Proto-Austronesian *itən. Compare Hiligaynon aton.


maingay

maingay (plural maiingay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜁᜅᜌ᜔)

[mɐˈʔiː.ŋaɪ̯]


duwag

duwág (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜏᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
douag (alternative)
duag (alternative obsolete)
ruag (alternative)
ruwag (alternative)

Compare Casiguran Dumagat Agta duhag, Bikol Central dulag.

Pagka ganito ang pagmamatuwid ng iba sa kanilang pag-urong sa pagtupad ng kanilang tungkulin, ay nagpapakilalang ito'y mga duwag. Sa ano duwag? Hindi sa away, kung hindi sa paninindigan. Ano ba ang gagawin ng Diyos sa mga ...

Sintagal ng panahong nasasaloob niya ang paghahangad na maipakita kina Betong na siya'y hindi duwag, na siya'y matapang! "Duwag!" Parang naririnig pa ni Titong ang kantiyaw na iyon sa kaniya nina Betong. Noon ay inaaya siya ng ...

8 Ganoon ang nakita niya sa kanyang pag-iisa at sinisisi ang sarili na wala man lang siyang nagawa sa naganap sa kanyang ama, “Siya'y duwag! Duwag!”

year unknown, Obra Maestra Iii' 2006 Ed.(noli Me Tangere), Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 36

Nang makita ng mga iyan na patay na ang dalawang namumuno sa kanila na duwag sila nang biglang lumusob muli ang mga bihag nilang Payapa.

year unknown, Sining Ng Komunikasyon Pagbasa, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 389

Sa ikalabinlimang kabanata, ipinakilala ang isang tao bagamat marunong ay maituturing na duwag. Duwag sapagkat ayaw niyang maubos ang kanyang kayamanan, mabawasan ang katanyagan at higit sa lahat mawala ang pagtitiwala sa ...

year unknown, Kawil Iv' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 71

Iyang mga taong duwag na ang puso'y mahihina, umibig man ay ano pa, di pag-ibig, kundi awa! Kailangan sa pag-ibig ay hirap at mga luha, at ang duwag ay malayong sa pag-ibig dumakila! Ang pag-ibig ay may mata, ang pag-ibig ay di bulag!

2003, Paz M. Belvez, Pamana (sining Ng Pagkukwento at Pagbigkas Ng Tula)' 2003 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., →ISBN, page 88:

“Isa kang duwag at torpe sa iyong nararamdaman. Mas beki ka pa nga sa akin eh!” sabat ni Lloyda kay Marco. “Wala ka nga alam! Huwag kang sumali dito!” sagot ni Marco. “Wala akong alam at lalong wala akong karapatang husgahan kayong ...

2014, Raldvie Justin Serna, Dating Her Guys:


malapot

malapot (plural malalapot, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜉᜓᜆ᜔)

viscous; dense; thick; concentrated (said of liquids)


malaon

malaon (plural malalaon, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜂᜈ᜔)


malanya

malanyâ (plural malalanya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜌ)

malanyâ (canonical)
malalanya (plural)
ᜋᜎᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


marani

[mɐ.ɾɐˈn̪ɪʔ]


umay

ncog

Bikol Central húmay (“to prepare a dish eaten on festive occasions in which seasoned meat or fish and rice are cooked in a segment of bamboo”)

Central Melanau umai (“Umai, Melanau raw fish salad”)

surfeited due to overeating or monotony of food (especially sweet or fatty food)

(by extension) sick; tired (of something)


payak

Simulan ang pagsasanay sa payak na tanong at sagot.

2000, Paz M. Belvez, Ang Sining at Agham Ng Pagtuturo'2000 Ed., →ISBN, page 122:

Start the training on simple questions and answers.

Payak ang naratibo ng akda.

2005, Soledad S. Reyes, A Dark Tinge to the World: Selected Essays, 1987-2005, →ISBN, page 71:

The narrative of the literary work is simple.


bisiyesto

tl-adj

bisiyesto (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜐᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)
bisisto (alternative obsolete)
bisyesto (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish bisiesto, from Old Spanish bissiesto, from Latin bisextus (“intercalary day”). Doublet of bisisto.


tropikal

tropikál (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜒᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


mabuti

mabuti (plural mabubuti, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ)

mabubuti (plural)
ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
buti (root)
mabuti (singular)
mabubuti (plural)
mas mabuti (singular superior)
mas mabubuti (plural superior)
hindi gaanong mabuti (inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabubuti (inferior plural)
kasimbuti (equal)
ang pinakamabuti (relative singular)
ang pinakamabubuti (plural relative)
napakamabuti (absolute singular)
napakamabubuti (absolute plural)
pagkabuti (absolute singular)
pagkabuti-buti (absolute plural)

From ma- + buti (“goodness; kindness; recovery of illness”).

af

buti<t:goodness; kindness; recovery of illness>

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


swerte

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of suwerte.


mahiman

tl-adj

mahiman (plural mahihiman, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜋᜈ᜔)