inuman

tl-verb

inumán (complete ininuman, progressive iniinuman, contemplative iinuman, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜓᜋᜈ᜔)

inumán (canonical)
ininuman (completive)
iniinuman (progressive)
iinuman (contemplative)
ᜁᜈᜓᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
inom (root)
uminom (infinitive root trigger-actor)
uminom (completive root trigger-actor)
umiinom (progressive trigger-actor)
nainom (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
iinom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mainom (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kaiinom (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
inumin (infinitive root trigger-object)
ininom (completive root trigger-object)
iniinom (progressive trigger-object)
inainom (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
iinumin (contemplative trigger-object)
ainumin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
inuman (directional infinitive root)
ininuman (completive directional root)
iniinuman (directional progressive)
inainuman (dialectal directional progressive)
iinuman (contemplative directional)
ainuman (contemplative dialectal directional)
pag-inuman (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinag-inuman (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
pinag-iinuman (progressive trigger-locative)
papag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
pag-iinuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
iinom (benefactive infinitive root)
iniinom (benefactive completive root)
iniiinom (benefactive progressive)
iiinom (benefactive contemplative)
ipang-inom (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinang-inom (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapang-inom (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapang-inom (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikainom (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinainom (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinaiinom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakainom (progressive trigger-causative)
ikaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
iinom (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
iniinom (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
iniiinom (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
iiinom (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
iinom (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
iniinom (completive root trigger-measurement)
iniiinom (progressive trigger-measurement)
iiinom (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpainom (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapainom (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapaiinom (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapainom (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
painumin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinainom (actor-secondary completive)
pinaiinom (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapainom (actor-secondary progressive)
paiinumin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papainumin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipainom (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinainom (completive trigger-object)
ipinaiinom (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapainom (progressive trigger-object)
ipaiinom (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapainom (contemplative trigger-object)
painuman (directional infinitive)
pinainuman (completive directional)
pinapainuman (directional progressive)
pinaiinuman (directional progressive)
papainuman (contemplative directional)
paiinuman (contemplative directional)
ipagpainom (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpainom (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapainom (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpainom (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapainom (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpainom (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpainuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpainuman (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapaiinuman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpainuman (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapaiinuman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpainuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-inuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapag-inuman (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
papapag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakainom (completive trigger-actor)
nakaiinom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakainom (progressive trigger-actor)
makaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
napainom (completive trigger-actor)
napaiinom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapainom (progressive trigger-actor)
mapaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mainom (infinitive trigger-object)
nainom (completive trigger-object)
naiinom (progressive trigger-object)
maiinom (contemplative trigger-object)
mainuman (directional infinitive)
nainuman (completive directional)
naiinuman (directional progressive)
maiinuman (contemplative directional)
maiinom (benefactive infinitive)
naiinom (benefactive completive)
naiiinom (benefactive progressive)
maiiinom (benefactive contemplative)
maikainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikainom (completive trigger-causative)
naikaiinom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naikaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiinom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naiinom (completive trigger-causative)
naiiinom (progressive trigger-causative)
maiiinom (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapag-inoman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napag-inoman (completive trigger-locative)
napag-iinoman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapag-inoman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapag-iinoman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapag-inoman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpainom (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpainom (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpainom (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapainom (actor-secondary infinitive)
napainom (actor-secondary completive)
napaiinom (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapainom (actor-secondary progressive)
mapaiinom (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapainom (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipainom (infinitive trigger-object)
naipainom (completive trigger-object)
naipaiinom (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapainom (progressive trigger-object)
naiipainom (progressive trigger-object)
maipaiinom (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapainom (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipainom (contemplative trigger-object)
mapainuman (directional infinitive)
napainuman (completive directional)
napaiinuman (directional formal progressive)
napapainuman (directional progressive)
mapaiinuman (contemplative directional formal)
mapapainuman (contemplative directional)
maipagpainom (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpainom (benefactive completive)
naipagpapainom (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpainom (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpainom (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapainom (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpainom (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpainom (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpainom (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapainom (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpainom (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapainom (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpainom (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpainuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpainuman (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapaiinuman (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpainuman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapaiinuman (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpainuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-inuman (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapag-inuman (completive trigger-locative)
napapapag-inuman (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapag-inuman (contemplative trigger-locative)
makiinom (direct infinitive)
nakiinom (completive direct)
nakikiinom (direct progressive)
makikiinom (contemplative direct)
makipagpainom (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpainom (completive indirect)
nakikipagpainom (indirect progressive)
makikipagpainom (contemplative indirect)

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.mɐn̪]

to use for drinking (as of a glass, mug, cup, etc.)


pumila

pumila (complete pumila, progressive pumipila, contemplative pipila, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ)

pumila (completive)
pumipila (progressive)
pipila (contemplative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
pila (root)
ᜉᜒᜎ (root)
actor (focus)
kapipila (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎ (completive formal past past-recent)
pumila (formal imperative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (formal imperative)
pila (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜉᜒᜎ (formal imperative)
kakapila (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜒᜎ (completive informal past past-recent)
pumila (imperative informal)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎ (imperative informal)
pila (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜉᜒᜎ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

pumila

pumipila
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎ
pungmipila¹
 ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎ
napila²
ᜈ ᜉᜒᜎ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


espinaka

Kung ihahambing sa espinaka, ang nori ay 8 ulit na mas maraming bitamina A, 9 ulit na dami ng bitamina B1, 15 ulit na mas maraming bitamina B2, at 1.5 ulit na mas maraming bitamina C.

1990 January 22, “Ito’y Tinatawag ng Iba na Damo — Gumising! 1990”, in Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY, archived from the original on 2020-03-02

If compared to spinach, nori has 8 times more vitamin A, 9 times more vitamin B1, 15 times more vitamin B2, and 1.5 times more vitamin C.


luko

Alternative form of loko: a type of container (similar to the balaong)


dikin

pot support (usually circular and made of braided rattan or bamboo splits)


hinga

(colloquial) act of venting one's hurt feelings, etc.


anod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud. Compare Kapampangan aniud, Bikol Central anod, Cebuano anod, Maori mānu, and Malay hanyut.


Pinay

tl-noun

Pináy (masculine Pinoy, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜌ᜔)

Pináy (canonical)
Pinoy (masculine)
ᜉᜒᜈᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From clipping of Pilipina (“Filipina”) + -ay (“diminutive suffix”).

suffix

(informal) a Filipina; a citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines, and those descending from such, who is female


sapait

[sɐˈpaː.ʔɪt̪̚]


simbahan

From simba + -han. Compare Bikol Central simbahan, Buhi'non Bikol simbaan, Cebuano simbahan, Ilocano simbaan, Iriga Bicolano simbaan, Libon Bikol simbaan, Miraya Bikol simban, Waray-Waray singbahan.

Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay.

Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw


simbahan

tl-verb

simbahán (complete sinimbahan, progressive sinisimbahan, contemplative sisimbahan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜈ᜔)

simbahán (canonical)
sinimbahan (completive)
sinisimbahan (progressive)
sisimbahan (contemplative)
ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
simba (root)
simbahan (infinitive)
sinimbahan (completive root)
sinisimbahan (progressive root)
inasimbahan (dialectal progressive root)
sisimbahan (contemplative objective)
asimbahan (contemplative dialectal objective)
simbahi (dialectal imperative objective)

simbahan

to be attended a Mass in (of a specific church)


Katolika

Borrowed from Spanish católica (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).

der

relihiyong Katolika
Catholic religion

pananampalatayang Katolika

Catholic (only used in certain compounds)


kawi

revealing of an accomplice more than what is necessary


kawi

Possibly from Javanese ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi, “poet”), from Old Javanese kawi (“poet”), from Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “poet”). Compare Indonesian kawi.

Kawian mo siyang pakiusapan.

jargon (for two people especially when they do not want to be understood by others)


Negrito

[n̪ɛˈɡɾiː.t̪o]

Negrito (a member of a class of several ethnic groups who inhabit isolated parts of the Philippines, such as the Aeta people, or by extension, Southeast Asia)


madamo

tl-adj

madamó (plural madadamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜓ)

madamó (canonical)
madadamo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)
madamo (positive singular)
madadamo (plural positive)
damo (positive root)
mas madamo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madadamo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madamo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madadamo (comparative inferior plural)
kasindamo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadamo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadadamo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadamo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadadamo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadamo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadamo-damo (absolute equal plural superlative)


aray

From Proto-Philippine *aray, or from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aduq, from Proto-Austronesian *aduq. Compare Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.

ouch (an expression of one's own physical pain)


gaya

Gaya ng pusa ko ang pusa mo.


soro

tl-noun

soro (feminine sora, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜇᜓ)


taguan

[t̪ɐ.ɣʊˈʔan̪]

[t̪ɐˈɣuː.ʔɐn̪]

hideout; hiding place (of kids, criminals, etc.)


taguan

tl-verb

taguan (complete tinaguan, progressive tinataguan, contemplative tataguan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

tinaguan (completive)
tinataguan (progressive)
tataguan (contemplative)
ᜆᜄᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tago (root)
taguan (infinitive)
tinaguan (completive root)
tinataguan (progressive root)
inataguan (dialectal progressive root)
tataguan (contemplative objective)
ataguan (contemplative dialectal objective)
tagui (dialectal imperative objective)

taguan

[t̪ɐ.ɣʊˈʔan̪]

[t̪ɐˈɣuː.ʔɐn̪]

to use for hiding or keeping something (of a place)


imperdible

tl-noun

imperdible (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


meyor

Borrowed from English mayor, from Middle English maire, from Old French maire, from Latin maior. Doublet of mayor and medyor.

Coordinate term: mayora


utilitarismo

utilitarismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜆᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


milokoton

milokoton (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

ᜋᜒᜎᜓᜃᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bignay

Antidesma bunius
Wikispecies:Antidesma bunius


alpay

alpáy or alpay (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔)

alpáy (canonical)
alpay (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


narangha

[n̪ɐˈɾaŋ.hɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish naranja (“orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Persian نارنگ (nârang), ultimately from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”).

der

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual


dalandan

From a corruption of Spanish naranjal (“orange grove”).

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

generic term for some local varieties of oranges such as dalanghita and sintunis


tiyesa

Borrowed from Spanish tiesa. Compare Cebuano tisa.

Pouteria campechiana (an evergreen tree introduced from Mexico and Central America)


dalanghita

From corruption of Spanish naranjita, diminutive of naranja (“orange”). Compare Pangasinan laranghita, Kapampangan dalangita, Bikol Central aranghita, and Cebuano naranghita.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

a Philippine variety of mandarin orange with green skin (Citrus reticulata)


suha

From Proto-Philippine *suhaq (“pomelo”). Compare Bikol Central suwa and Dupaningan Agta suwa.


lansones

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish lanzones, lanzón (“lanzon”), from Malay langsat. The spelling was patterned after Spanish lanzones, plural of Spanish lanzón (“short, thick spear”), possibly because the borrowed term from Malay was heard as a variant of Spanish lanza (“lance”) and the leaves of the tree somehow resemble a lance. Compare Thai ลางสาด (laang-sàat), Javanese ꦭꦁꦱꦼꦧ꧀ (langseb), and Mandarin 榔色 (láng sè) and Hokkien 蘭撒／兰撒 (lân-sat).

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual


tsampoy

tsampóy (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t͡ʃɐmˈpoɪ̯]

Borrowed from Cantonese 陳皮梅／陈皮梅 (can⁴ pei⁴ mui⁴⁻²), introduced as a genericized trademark romanized as "CHAN PUI MUI" as printed on preserved prune packaging. Compare English champoy.

bor+

sweetened or salted preserved yangmei (or other fruit)


tsiko

Borrowed from Spanish chicozapote (through a regional abbreviation), from Classical Nahuatl xicotzapotl.

Para sa kagaling̃an ng̃ bayan, ay dapat magtanim ng̃ mg̃a punòng kahoy, gaya ng̃ mangga, niyog, sinigwelas, tsiko, at akasiya, sa mg̃a gilid ng̃ daán, upang may mapang̃anlung̃an sa init ng̃ araw ang mg̃a naglalakád, lalònglalò na ang mg̃a batàng papasok sa paaralan.

1916, Patnubay ng̃ bayan, Volume 2, Issue 13

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota#Translingual

sapodilla; Manilkara zapota (tree and fruit)


tsiko

tl-noun

tsiko (feminine tsika, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish chico (“boy; kid”).


sinigwelas

tl-noun

sinigwelas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜐ᜔)

ᜐᜒᜈᜒᜄ᜔ᜏᜒᜎᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ciruelas, plural of ciruela, which together with the variant cirgüela is used in some places in Latin America to refer to mombins. Doublet of sirwelas.

Spondias purpurea
Wikispecies:Spondias purpurea

mombin (fruit of the Spondias purpurea tree)


makopa

From Proto-Philippine *makúpa (“mountain apple”). Compare Malay kopah (“blood clot”).


guyabano

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish guayábano (“soursop”), as in Spanish guanábano (“soursop tree”) with possible influence from Spanish guayaba (“guava”), from Taíno wanaban.

Annona muricata
Annona muricata#Translingual

soursop; Annona muricata (tree or fruit)


sayote

Borrowed from Spanish chayote, from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.


aprikot

áprikót (canonical)
ᜀᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English apricot via a spelling pronunciation.


balimbing

balimbíng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

→ Spanish: balimbín

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliŋbiŋ. Compare Bikol Central balimbing, Tausug baymbing, and Malay belimbing.

Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambola#Translingual

Naghahanap si Kusyong napaglilihian ng kanyang asawa—isang balimbing. Nakita ngayon si Buyok na nagpayo sa kanyang pumunta sa Kongreso dahil maraming balimbing doon. Sa palagay kaya ninyo, naniniwala si Kusyo na may ...

year unknown, Kawil Iv' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 29

(politics, figurative, slang) traitor; turncoat


mansanas

Borrowed from Spanish manzanas, plural form of manzana, from earlier mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna, ellipsis of māla mattiāna, plural of Latin mālum mattiānum (literally “apple of Matius”), referring to a kind of apple.


nangka

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

Alternative form of langka (“jackfruit”) (Artocarpus heterophyllus)


langka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *la(ŋ)ka. Compare Cebuano nangka, Ilocano anangka, Kapampangan yangka, and Malay nangka.


saging

From Proto-Southern Philippine *ságiŋ (“banana”). Compare Cebuano saging, Hiligaynon saging, Kapampangan sagin, Maguindanao sagin, Maranao saging, Tausug saing, and Waray-Waray saging.


atis

Compare Bikol Central atis, Cebuano atis, Ilocano atis. See also Nepali आँट (ā̃ṭ).

Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa#Translingual


kalamansi

kalamansî (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜋᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

→ Cebuano: kalamansi

→ English: calamansi

desctree

→ Ilocano: kalamansi
→ Ibanag: kalamansi

→ Kapampangan: kalamansi

→ Yogad: kalamansi

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis#Translingual

calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, Citrofortunella mitis)


manggustin

tl-noun

manggustin (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜋᜅ᜔ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


selos

Borrowed from Spanish celos (“jealousy”). Compare English zealous.


takoyaki

Borrowed from Japanese 蛸焼(たこや)き (takoyaki).

Nakatikim ka na ba ng tigdalawang pisong takoyaki?
Have you already tasted takoyaki worth two pesos?


tawag

[ˈt̪aː.wɐɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawaʀ. Compare Casiguran Dumagat Agta tawah, Ibaloi tawal, Cebuano tawag, and Tausug tawag.

act of calling someone (by name or by signalling)

act of calling on the telephone, telegram, etc.

May tawag ka.

Ano'ng tawag dito?

term; identifying name; what something is called

banns (announcement of a forthcoming marriage)

doctor's call or visit (especially on request by someone)

(cockfighting) announcement of the rate of betting (as by a tahor or a kristo)


tsa

Ultimately from Chinese, either through:
* Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴), possibly via Macau Portuguese chá and next via Philippine Spanish cha as recorded in Abella (1874).
* Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 茶 (chʻa²) according to Manuel (1948)
The sense "gossip" is a semantic loan from English tea (“information; gossip”) as in spill the tea.

semantic loan

Anong tsa, mare?

(slang) tea (information, especially gossip)


lalo

more; surpassingly; much; to a greater degree


baduy

Baduy daw ang magsalita ng Tagalog.

They say it's not cool to speak Tagalog.

(slang) uncool; lame; unfashionable; in poor taste; out of style

(slang) unkempt; with sloppy clothing (of someone)


sipsip

From Proto-Austronesian *sipsip. Compare Bikol Central supsop and Cebuano supsop. Doublet of supsop.

sip; sipping; sucking (of liquid through one's mouth)

Pero nangyayari iyong kahit ipaalam ng bos na gusto niya ng mas pantay-pantay na pakikitunguhan at tawagan at kalimutan na ang herarkiya kung maayos din lang ang pagsasamahan at ang takbo ng trabaho sa opisina, hindi nawawala ang mga sipsip sa opisina.

But it happened, even after the boss acknowledges that he wants a fairer approach and titles and wants to forget the hierarchy, where if the relations and the work pace in the office is always good, suck-ups will never disappear in the office.

(colloquial) suck-up; kiss-up; brown noser; sycophant


sipsip

fond of sucking up; sycophantic; fawning; seeking favor through flattery


urali

[ʔʊˈɾaː.lɪʔ]


bulubundukin

tl-noun

bulubundukin (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Possibly from Proto-Philippine *bulú(dj) (“mountain”) + bundok + -in (see burol), or from a reduplication of bundok + -in with the first syllable undergoing consonant shifts (compare reduplication in Bikol Central aro-aldaw).

suf

reduplication of <i class="Latn mention" lang="tl">bundok</i>


bulubundukin

ᜊᜓᜎᜓᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


regularidad

tl-noun

regularidád (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

regularidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜎᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ɣʊ.lɐ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


hipag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hipaʀ (cf. Bikol Central hipag, Indonesian ipar, Malay ipar (“in-law”), Mansaka ipag, and Maranao ipag (“sibling-in-law”)).


banat

(colloquial, figurative) harsh words; sharp retort; verbal jab


sintas

Borrowed from Spanish cintas, plural of cinta (“ribbon”).


sinta

Borrowed from Malay cinta, from Sanskrit चिन्ता (cintā).

love (between man and woman, but also man for God, for country, etc.)

standing on one's hind legs (of a horse, dog, etc.)


kurba

act of changing direction; turning to one side (in driving)


gulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *guru (“noise, tumult”). Compare Malay guroh (“thunder; rumble”).


gulo

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुलिका (gulikā, “globule”). Compare Malay geliga (“bezoar; a kind of philosopher's stone that can suck poison out of a wound”).

cog

amulet good for courtship and lovemaking


gulo

Ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). Doublet of guro.

act of learning by imitation (like a disciple to a master)


bakaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakəhaw (“mangrove”). Compare Cebuano bakhaw, Tausug bakkaw, and Malay bakau.

loop-root mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata)

Utania racemosa (a species of flowering plant used as snake bite antidote)


bakaw

bakaw (canonical)
bakáw (canonical)
ᜊᜃᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)


Santos

Borrowed from Spanish santos (“saints”) (plural of santo).

a Christian surname from Spanish, commonly adopted by early Christian Filipinos


borlas

Borrowed from Spanish borlas (“tassels”), plural of borla.


soplete

Bumubuga ng apoy ang soplete.


adulador

aduladór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ʊ.lɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish adulador, from Latin adūlātōrem.


bigla

Compare Kapampangan bigka and Karao bigla.


Quintos

Borrowed from Spanish, from quintos (plural of quinto).


payo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payu (“agreement, consensus; harmony”). Compare Javanese ꦥꦪꦸ (payu), and Malay payu.


lumot

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut. Compare Aklanon eumot, Fijian lumi, Hawaiian limu, Ivatan xomot, Javanese ꦭꦸꦩꦸꦠ꧀ (lumut), Kapampangan lumut, Maguindanao ulamut, Malay lumut, Mansaka lomot, Maori rimu, Tausug lumut, and Yami omot.


banting

(nautical) stretched rope or cable of a ship

martingale (piece of harness used on a horse)


dahan

ang lakad na marahan, matinik ma'y mababaw

slowness; moderation (of movement or action)

control; moderation (as in drinking, etc.)


batang

(dialectal, Marinduque) log (piece of wood)


pirot

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pi(n)zit (“squeeze between thumb and finger”). Doublet of pindot.

inh+

act of pinching and twisting with fingers (e.g. a moustache)


beisbol

ᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


hiwa

From Proto-Philippine *hiwaq. Compare Kapampangan iua. Doublet of iwa.


betis

betis, a threatened species of tree with hard wood that can be made as planks (Madhuca betis)


ungot

mumbling or whining request or complaint (especially by children)


arogante

[ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


kuping

irregularly shaped; twisted out of shape (of ears)


kuping

condition of being irregularly shaped or twisted out of shape (of ears)


panderetas

tl-noun

panderetas (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆᜐ᜔)

ᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐn̪.d̪ɛˈɾɛː.t̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish panderetas, plural form of pandereta (“tambourine”).


danum

Borrowed from Kapampangan danum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


ulam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulam (“side dish”). See also Malay ulam.

inh

Ano ang ulam natin ngayon?

What side dish do we have today (to eat with rice)?

side dish; rice topping; viand (dish eaten with rice, such as meat, fish, vegetables, etc.)


abilo

Garuga floribunda
Wikispecies:Garuga floribunda


taytay

[t̪aɪ̯ˈt̪aɪ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay. Compare Cebuano taytay, Kapampangan tete, Sambali taytay, and Malay titi.


Hari

Coordinate term: Reyna

Haring Felipe

honorific used before the name of a king: King


takot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *takut (compare Bikol Central takot, Malay takut, Maori mataku, Kapampangan takut, and Rapa Nui mataku), from Proto-Austronesian *takut.


asalan

From asal (“roasting”) + -an. Functions similarly as asador.

roaster made of ironwood or cane in which they skewer something to roast it


abyad

job or task at hand; duty or obligation being tackled; work being attended to


kimika

Borrowed from Spanish química. Doublet of alkimiya and kemistri.

Isang patunay nito ay siya ang kauna-unahang tumututol o di naniniwala sa Kimika ni Sto. Tomas na kung saan ang kanilang karibal na Orden ay naging tanyag.

2002, Rex Bookstore, Inc., Obra Maestra Iv' 2002 Ed.(el Filibusterismo), page 126

A proof of this is that he is the first to oppose and to not believe the Chemistry of Saint Thomas for which their rival Order has become famous.


duryan

Borrowed from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an. Compare Taaw't Bato dugyan, Maranao doriyan, and Tausug dūyan.


silam

eye smarting or irritation (caused by soap, shampoo, etc.)


silam

with one's eye irritated (caused by soap, shampoo, etc.)


ating

atíng (canonical)
ᜀᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
Nueva Ecija


tingting

tingtíng (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪iŋ]

Possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tiŋtiŋ (“tinkling sound”).

palm leaf midrib without the blades or lamina (used in broom making)

act of beating repeatedly something to produce a tinkling sound


sanap

covered by liquid just up to the top of the submerged object

temporarily covered with shallow water (of a small area)


sanap

small area temporarily covered with shallow water

condition of being temporarily covered with shallow water (of a small area)


kataga

[kɐ.t̪ɐˈɣaʔ]

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


sa-

sa- + puso (“heart”) → sapuso (“act of having put to heart”)

sa- + ilalim (“below”) → sailalim (“act of undergoing”)

sa- + malamig (“cold”) → samalamig (“cold beverage”)

sa- + inyo (“yours”) → sainyo (“act of signing off or used to close a letter; yours truly”)

sa- + makatuwid (“to be able to straighten”) → samakatwid (“therefore”)

sa- + makalawa (“twice”) → samakalawa (“day after tomorrow”)

sa- + una (“first”) → sauna (“of the old generation”)

forms terms to denote a method or means to a purpose

sa- + pusa (“cat”) → may sa-pusa (“resembling a cat”)

sa- + pagong (“turtle”) → may sa-pagong (“resembling a turtle”)

(may—) forms terms denoting possession of quality or characteristic


sa-

sa- + basa (“read”) → sababasa (“suddenly read”)

Nahihimbing ako'y sababasa siya nang malakas na aking ikinagising.

I was sleeping then they suddenly read aloud that I woke up from.

(with reduplicated root, CVr-) forms terms to denote suddenness of the action: suddenly; unexpectedly; without notice


tulas

slow melting from natural heat or humidity (of salt, sugar, etc.)


pangkat

group (of things, animals, people, etc.)


tula

Borrowed from Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “balance”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).


tula

a kind of mouth disease, especially among children and infants


angkat

goods purchased on credit or consignment


bosing

From bos + -ing, diminutive rendering of Tagalog bos, borrowed from English boss.

(colloquial, informal) boss; chief; head

(colloquial, informal) a male term of address


tainga

tl-noun

taingá or tainga (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜌᜒᜅ or ᜆᜁᜅ)

taingá (canonical)
tainga (canonical)
ᜆᜌᜒᜅ (Baybayin)
ᜆᜁᜅ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐˈʔiː.ŋɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa. Compare Ilocano talinga, Cebuano talinga, Maranao tangila, Tausug taynga, and Malay telinga.

may tainga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita

handle shaped like an ear (of a jar, pitcher, box, etc.)


apoy

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy (compare Chamorro guåfi, Hawaiian ahi, Malay api, Maori ahi, and Samoan afi), from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy (compare Paiwan sapuy), possibly through a borrowing from Dumagat, Sambal, etc., since evidence indicates that one would expect *hapoy in Tagalog, according to Zorc.


salang

something being cooked on a pot, casserole, etc. (on a fire or stove)

act of putting a pot, casserole, etc. on a fire or stove (in cooking)

(figuratively, by extension) act of putting something or someone into a tough situation


salang

very light touch (with a finger or hand)

(figurative) unintentional mention or reference (to something bitter, hurtful to someone, or something better forgotten)


hangal

(literary, derogatory, offensive) foolish; stupid; slow-witted; dull


hangal

(literary, derogatory, offensive) a fool; a dunce


hangal

gasp for breath (due to being very tired and exhausted)


makina

desc

→ Hokkien: 馬擎仔／马擎仔 (má-kìn-á), 馬擎／马擎 (má-kìn)

Borrowed from Spanish máquina, from Latin machina, from Ancient Greek μαχανά (makhaná).


dekreto

[d̪ɛkˈɾɛː.t̪o]


buhay

From Proto-Greater Central Philippine *buhay (“live (long)”) (cf. Masbatenyo buhay, Hanunoo buhay, Bikol Central buhay, and Buhi'non Bikol, Libon Bikol, Miraya Bikol buway), possibly related to Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (compare Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, and Ivatan vyay). Possible doublet of bihag. Compare also Cebuano buhi, Hiligaynon buhi, Agusan Manobo buhi, Ata Manobo bui, and Tausug buhi' which came from Proto-Southern Philippine *buhiʔ (“live”).

(obsolete) life (specifically of a human being in the flesh)


buwaya

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buqaya, from Proto-Austronesian *buqaya. Compare Malay buaya, and Eastern Bontoc fowaya.
Senses of “corrupt police officer; greedy and corrupt, etc.”, from the 1970s and 1980s, are an allusion to the brown color of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) uniform.

m-g

Inaayunan pa nito, sa halip na bakahin ang nagmamalasakit na mga pinuno ng bayan. Ang mga buwaya at baboy sa Kongreso'y patuloy na nasasandat.

1987, Alfredo Navarro Salanga, Kamao: Tula Ng Protesta 1970–1986

He still agrees with them, instead of taking up the struggle of concerned national leaders. The "crocodiles" and "pigs" in Congress still remain in their positions.

Ipinakikita si Marcos bilang isa sa mga buwaya na hawak-hawak ang tali ng gusaling kinaroroonan ng Con-Con.

1992, Rebolusyonaryong panunuring masa sa sining at panitikan: mga dokumento ng 1971 ng Panulat para sa Kaunlaran ng Sambayanan (PAKSA) at Nagkakaisang Progresibong Artista-Arkitekto (NPAA).

Marcos is shown as one of the "crocodiles" [corrupt politicians] holding a rope tied on the building where the Con-Con [Constitutional Convention] is held.

Maraming beses silang kinutya at tinakot ng mga buwaya sa Kamara at ahas sa Malacanang na walang ... Itinuloy nila ang kanilang sinimulang laban sa Kongreso sa iba't ibang pulong sa mga paaralan at rally sa mga lansangan.
They are ridiculed and intimidated many times by the "crocodiles" (corrupt politicians) in the Batasang Pambansa and the "snakes" (turncoats) in Malacañang who have no ... They continued what they started against Congress at various conferences in schools and rallies in the streets...

2003, Jay De Castro, At tumestigo ang asintado: Gov. Luis "Chavit" Singson

(figuratively) greedy or corrupt person (especially a politician)


buwaya

buwayang pulis


sibil

Borrowed from Spanish civil, from Latin cīvīlis.


tahas

clear and direct; definite; forthright; in unmistakable terms


buya

fishing contraption made of a rattan line to which coconut leaves and bamboo floats are attached


abrigana

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈɣaː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrir gana. Compare Cebuano abrigana and Hiligaynon abrigana.


abilidad

abilidád (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish habilidad, from Latin habilitās.


abayan

tl-verb

abayan (complete inabayan, progressive inaabayan, contemplative aabayan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

inabayan (completive)
inaabayan (progressive)
aabayan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abay (root)
abayan (infinitive)
inabayan (completive root)
inaabayan (progressive root)
inaabayan (dialectal progressive root)
aabayan (contemplative objective)
aabayan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abayi (dialectal imperative objective)

abayan

Abayan mo si Juan sa kasal niya.

Act as the best man for Juan in his wedding.


abayan

abayán (complete inabayan, progressive inaabayan, contemplative aabayan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

abayán (canonical)
inabayan (completive)
inaabayan (progressive)
aabayan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abay (root)
abayan (infinitive)
inabayan (completive root)
inaabayan (progressive root)
inaabayan (dialectal progressive root)
aabayan (contemplative objective)
aabayan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abayi (dialectal imperative objective)

abayan

to lie beside someone; to sit beside someone


absolusyon

tl-noun

absolusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

absolusyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish absolución, from Latin absolūtiōnem (“acquittal”).


abyerto

Borrowed from Spanish abierto, from Old Spanish abierto, from Latin apertus. Doublet of abyerta.


abyog

swing; dangle (as of fruits on a branch)


distansya

distansya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of distansiya.


kalanda

Early borrowing from Spanish calandra, from French calandre, from Medieval Latin calandrus, ultimately from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros). Doublet of kalandra, silindro, and silinder.


haraya

[hɐˈɾaː.jɐʔ]

Possibly ultimately from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya, “soul, mind, spirit”, literally “heart”), according to Zorc (1982). Compare Pali hadaya (“feeling”, literally “heart”), Old Javanese ḥṛdaya (“mind”), and Indonesian daya. Many sources say it is from Cebuano haraya, but Zorc (1982) does not believe so.


rigodon

Borrowed from Spanish rigodón, from French rigodon.


upat

instigation; attempt to get something undesirable by intrigue or artifice


kepo

Borrowed from Hokkien 家婆 (ke-pô, “busybody; meddlesome; nosy”).


imahinasyon

tl-noun

imahinasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋᜑᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

imahinasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜋᜑᜒᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish imaginación, from Latin imāginātiō.


watawat

From Proto-Austronesian *watawat. Compare Amis watawat.


kasaysayan

history; record or aggregate of past events

Holonyms: araling panlipunan, Hekasi


tsaa

Ang mga Hapones ay lubhang magiliw din sa Tsaa. Kadalasang Tsaa ang idinudulot sa kanino mang dumadalaw sa kanilang tahanan.

1943, Artemio Ricarte, Nihon to bushidō o kiku

The Japanese are very fond of tea as well. Tea is often being served to whomever visits their residence.


pangulo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋ-qulu (“leader, chief”). By surface analysis, pang- + ulo (“head”). Cognate with Aklanon pangueo and Malay penghulu.


karagatan

[kɐ.ɾɐ.ɣɐˈt̪an̪]

From dagat + ka- -an. Compare Cebuano kadagatan.

(literary, historical) type of poetic battle, usually done on wakes, based on the loss by a princess of her ring in midsea


guro

gurò (canonical)
gurô (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Learned borrowing from Malay guru (“teacher; educator”), ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). Reintroduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in the early 20th century as a replacement to the previously used words maestro and maestra, both of Spanish origin. Doublet of gulo, another term from Malay guru, that become obsolete in the course of the 19th century. Compare English guru.


agham

(obsolete) act of knowing someone's true character


punong ministro

tl-noun

punong ministro (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


bansa

bansâ (canonical)
bansá (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

Learned borrowing from Malay bangsa, from Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśá, “offspring, lineage, collection”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás (“ceiling beam”). Introduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in the early 20th century as counterpart to the Spanish nación (“nation”), as it was deemed that there was no native Tagalog word that adequately expressed the concept, since the nearest counterpart, bayan, had other meanings that deviate from the modern concept of nationhood, as it is also used to refer to a town or a municipality, similar to Spanish pueblo. However, usage of the word has preceded publications by Eusebio T. Daluz. See also Malay wangsa and Javanese ꦮꦁꦱ (wangsa).

der

Ang bayang itó ay di kaila sa alin mang kasaysayan na marami nang bansâ ang nagnanasang maghari dito at sa katunaya'y may ilan na ng̃ang nakapaghari. Ang Kastila, na nakapaghari dito na mahiguit sa tatlong daan taon ay siyá kong uunkatin.

1909, The Filipino Teacher Volume 3, Issue 3, Philippine Teachers' Association


yena

Borrowed from Spanish hiena (“hyena”), from Latin hyaena, from Ancient Greek ὕαινα (húaina).


Tam

a Chinese Filipino surname from Cantonese


tigidig

[t̪ɪ.ɣɪˈd̪iɡ̚]


asera

Borrowed from Spanish acera, from hacera, from facera, from facero, from Latin faciarius.


magandang umaga

tl-head

magandáng umaga (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜂᜋᜄ)

magandáng umaga (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜂᜋᜄ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.ɣɐn̪ˌd̪aŋ ʔʊˈmaː.ɣɐ]


ma-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-, from Proto-Austronesian *ma- (stative prefix). Compare may (existential marker).

inh

ma- + linis (“cleanliness”) → malinis (“clean”)

used to form adjectives indicating a quality

ma- + ligo (“bath”) → maligo (“to take a bath; to bathe”)

actor III trigger infinitive verb prefix

ma- + basa (“wet”) → mabasa (“to become wet”)

object IV trigger infinitive verb prefix

ma- + tapos (“finish”) → matapos (“to be able to finish something”)

Natapos kong basahin ang libro kagabi.

I was able to finish reading the book last night.

object trigger to have done something; to be able to do something

ma- + basag (“break, crack”) → mabasag (“to break something unintentionally”)

Nabasag ko ang salamin.

I unintentionally broke the mirror. Compare it when used with the suffix -in:

basag (“break, crack”) + -in → basagin (“to break something on purpose”)

Binasag ko ang salamin.

object trigger to perform the action of the verb unintentionally


ma-

From Proto-Austronesian *ma- (future prefix).

used to form contemplative aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-


Belmonte

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Feliciano Belmonte Jr., Representative of the Fourth District of Quezon City.

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:


BBM

(Philippine politics) Initialism of Bongbong Marcos.


Solano

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Governor General of the Philippines

Borrowed from Spanish Solano.
* (municipality): Named after Ramón María Solano y Llanderal, 1860 Spanish Governor General of the Philippines.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

Solano (a municipality of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines)


mamaya

tl-adv

mamayâ or mámayâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜌ)

mamayâ (canonical)
mámayâ (canonical)
ᜋᜋᜌ (Baybayin)

Possibly from the following:
* Initial reduplication of obsolescent root maya (“after a short period”).
* From mam- + baya (“toleration”), according to Panganiban (1972).
* From Sanskrit समय (samaya) with the first syllable mistaken as the sa- prefix, then reduplication into maya-maya, then inflected as mamaya-maya, then underwent clipping, according to Pardo de Tavera (1887). Compare Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone; to delay”), Old Javanese samaya, Indonesian semaya.

cog

Gagawin niya ito mamaya.

Mamaya pa magsisimula ang programa.


buang

Borrowed from Cebuano buang, from Proto-Central-Philippine *buʔaŋ. Compare Bikol Central bua.

2017, Rodrigo Duterte, quoted in Philippine Daily Inquirer
Baka nga ito si Kim Jong-un, ‘yung t*****. You know, if that guy… I do not think that he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, ‘yang buang na ‘yan,...
Maybe this is Kim Jong-un, the idiot. You know, if that guy… I do not think he is ready but he is playing with dangerous toys, that crazy person

(humorous, mildly offensive) crazy; insane; mad


buang

Hindi matanggap ng ego ng buwang na talo siya sa Iloilo at hindi bumalimbing mga kapartido mo sa PDP–Laban...

2017, Rodrigo Duterte, (Please provide the book title or journal name)

That fool's ego can't accept he lost in Iloilo and your fellow party members didn't defect to the PDP-Laban

(humorous, mildly offensive) crazy person; lunatic; madman


ayan

Alternative form of hayan: there! there it is! (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


akit

[ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]


akit

[ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]


tarik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tazək (“steep angle”). Compare Indonesian tanjak.


bilangan

act, time, or place of counting (of ballots, votes, etc.)


bilangan

tl-verb

bilangan (complete binilangan, progressive binibilangan, contemplative bibilangan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

binilangan (completive)
binibilangan (progressive)
bibilangan (contemplative)
ᜊᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bilang (root)
bilangan (infinitive)
binilangan (completive root)
binibilangan (progressive root)
inabilangan (dialectal progressive root)
bibilangan (contemplative objective)
abilangan (contemplative dialectal objective)
bilangi (dialectal imperative objective)

bilangan

to make a count of something (to be given to someone)


bunyi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buñi, via Malay bunyi (“sound”). Compare Kapampangan bunyi and Maranao boni.

act of honoring or paying homage to someone; crediting or making someone known by praising or saying good things

feeling of great joy, happiness, pride, etc.


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).
Compare Bikol Central laban, Kapampangan laban, Malay lawan, and Javanese ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ (lawan).

inh

fact or condition of being against or contradictory


laban

tl-verb

labán (complete nilaban, progressive nilalaban, contemplative lalaban, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜊᜈ᜔)

labán (canonical)
nilaban (completive)
nilalaban (progressive)
lalaban (contemplative)
ᜎᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


uban

From Proto-Philippine *quban (cf. Cebuano uban, Ilocano uban, Tausug uban), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quban (cf. Balinese uban, Coastal Kadazan tuvan, Makasar uang, Malay uban, Nias huŵa, Wolio uwa), from Proto-Austronesian *qubaN (cf. Amis 'ofad, Sakizaya ubad).


apid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apid (“stacked up; in layers; joined together”). Compare Aklanon apid (“enclose”), Cebuano apid (“stack up”), Hiligaynon apid (“combine; fit together”), Waray-Waray apid (“put in rows”). See also Kankanaey apid and Central Bontoc apid which came from a separate Proto-Austronesian *qapid (“braid; twine”).

ncog

concubinage; illicit cohabitation; illicit coitus


ulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudaŋ (cf. Chamorro uhang, Hawaiian ula, Hiligaynon urang, Ilocano udang, Javanese ꦲꦸꦫꦁ (urang), Malay udang, Maranao odang), from Proto-Austronesian *qudaŋ (cf. Paiwan quzang).


asenso

Borrowed from Spanish ascenso, from Latin ascēnsus.


Gapo

(slang) Olongapo (a city in Zambales province, Philippines)


apir

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.


tameme

[t̪ɐˈmɛː.mɛʔ]

(slang) stunned; dumbfounded; unable to talk due to shock


arap

Compare Javanese ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep), Malay harap, and Iban arap.


pinid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənəd (“stopped up, plugged”). Compare Ilocano penned and Tausug punud.


pinid

state or condition of being closed or locked


sulid

blue and gold fusilier (Caesio caerulaurea)


Tung

From Cantonese 董 (Dung²) or Hokkien 唐 (Tn̂g), via English Tung.


lipstik

ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


gisok

streak or markings of a different share in wood, marble, etc.


lalaki

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laki, with initial reduplication. Compare Aklanon eaki, Bikol Central lalaki, Cebuano lalaki, Casiguran Dumagat Agta lélake, Eastern Bontoc laraki, Kapampangan lalaki, Lindu laki, Madurese ꦭꦭꦏꦼ (lalake), Malay laki (“husband”), Malay lelaki (“male”), Sundanese ᮜᮜᮊᮤ (lalaki), Tetum la'en (“husband”), and Urak Lawoi' ลากี (laki, “husband”).

Tumakbo ang lalaki.

(electronics, mechanics) male connector; male fastener


Burgos

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
José Burgos

Borrowed from Spanish Burgos, from burgo.
* (surname): Spanish toponymic name. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .
* (municipalities in Ilocos Sur and La Union): Named after José Burgos, Filipino priest of the Gomburza movement.

sense

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Burgos, particularly widespread in Metro Manila, Bulacan, Laguna and Cavite

several municipalities in the Philippines

Burgos (a municipality of Ilocos Norte, Philippines)

Burgos (a municipality of La Union, Philippines)

Burgos (a municipality of Isabela, Philippines)

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Burgos (a city in Castile and León, Spain)


Zamora

Borrowed from Spanish Zamora, after the province in Spain.

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario (1835-1872), Filipino priest, a member of the Gomburza, executed in 1872


koyote

Borrowed from Spanish coyote, from Classical Nahuatl coyotl.

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual


raan

raan (canonical)
raán (canonical)
ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


raan

raán (canonical)
raan (canonical)
ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bulta

Early borrowing from Spanish vuelta, from Latin volūta. Doublet of buwelta.


beke

From earlier bayki, bayiki, from metathesis of Proto-Central Philippine *bayəʔək. Compare Bikol Central bayuko and Cebuano bayuok.


charing

From Charing (“female given name”), from Charito + -ng, where Charito itself is from Charo + -ito, originally Spanish. The retention of the ⟨Ch⟩ initial makes it also an unadapted borrowing from Spanish. The cultured sense is influenced by English charming.

(originally gay slang) expression by a speaker, playfully admitting to telling a joke or a lie: just kidding

(gay slang) expression of impatience or rejection towards one being spoken to: I've had enough!


charing

(gay slang) homosexual male; gay (especially one who is soft, cultured, or sophisticated)


igat

[ˈʔiː.ɣɐt̪̚]

Compare Aklanon igat, Kapampangan igat, Limos Kalinga igat, and Yogad igat.

Anhinga marmorata
Wikispecies:Anhinga marmorata


Tate

(slang) United States (a country in North America)


Arroyo

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 14th President of the Philippines


Salazar

Borrowed from Spanish, from sala (“hall”) + Basque zahar (“old”).


gagi

gagì (canonical)
gagi (canonical)
ᜄᜄᜒ (Baybayin)


gaseta

[ɡɐˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish gaseta (“gazette”).


halalan

From halal + -an. Compare Kapampangan alalan.


akay

(figurative) guided; led; trained (by someone)


hipokrito

tl-noun

hipókritó (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

hipókritó (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜉᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English hypocrite, and influenced by Spanish -o.


Estrada

[ʔɛsˈt̪ɾaː.d̪ɐ]


Camacho

Borrowed from Spanish Camacho. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Camacho, mostly concentrated in Metro Manila, Cavite, Rizal, Quezon and Laguna


Sanchez

Borrowed from Spanish Sánchez, from Sancho + -ez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a common surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Sánchez, most widespread in Metro Manila, Bulacan and Laguna


Chang

From Cantonese 曾 (Zang¹), via English Chang. Doublet of Chan.

a Chinese Filipino surname from English [in turn from Cantonese]


baksa

baksá (canonical)
baksâ (canonical)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)

shoulder-kerchief (a kind of neckerchief, usually made stiff by starching, and folded in the form of a triangle and usually worn with a baro't saya)


Yang

Borrowed from Mandarin 楊／杨 (yáng). Doublet of Yu, Young, and Yung.


mahal kita

mahál kitá (canonical)
ᜋᜑᜎ᜔ ᜃᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

Literally, “you are my precious”, or more loosely translated as “you are my love”.


Hashimoto

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 橋本 (Hashimoto).


lonta

Backslang formed from the final two syllables of pantalon (“pants”).


Ramirez

[ɾɐˈmiː.ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Ramírez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Ramirez, Ramírez: a common surname from Spanish


hapay

(figurative, finance) bankruptcy; business failure


Maynila

→ Kapampangan: Menila

→ Spanish: Manila

→ Cantonese: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (maa⁵ nei⁴ laai¹)

→ English: Manila

→ Korean: 마닐라 (manilla)

→ French: Manille

desc

→ Hokkien: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (Má-nî-la), 岷里拉 (Bîn-lí-la), 岷尼拉 (Bîn-nî-la)

→ Ibaloi: Manida

→ Japanese: マニラ (Manira)

→ Mandarin: 馬尼拉／马尼拉 (Mǎnílā)

→ Tagalog: Manila

From may- (“there is”) + nila (“true indigo”), where nila is derived from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “indigo”). The name Maynilà is more likely in reference to the abundance of indigo-yielding plants growing in the area surrounding the settlement, rather than Maynilà being known as a settlement that trades in indigo dye, as the settlement was founded several hundred years before indigo dye extraction became an important economic activity in the area in the 18th century.
See also Pangasinan Ibali, an archaic name for Manila.

prefix

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

Manila (the national capital of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila)


Agta

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀta (“outsiders, alien people”). Compare Tuwali Ifugao Alta, Kapampangan Eta, Remontado Agta ata, Bikol Central agta, Cebuano agta, Maranao agta' / Aita, and Tausug agta'. Doublet of Ayta.

inh

Aeta people (indigenous people of Negrito origin of the mountainous parts of Luzon)


lungsod

→ Bikol Central: lungsod

Learned borrowing from Cebuano lungsod (“town”). Said to be introduced by Eusebio T. Daluz in 1915, one of the founders of the Akademya ng Wikang Pilipino (Academy of the Filipino Language), one of the predecessors of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF) (Commission on the Filipino Language). See also Malay lungsur (“slide down”).

lbor+

Lungsod ng Maynila


habid

entangling obstacle; something that entangles on (especially on one's foot)


hagod

(figurative) careworn; tired in appearance


siping

From Proto-Philippine *sipiŋ (“next to, in close proximity”).

inh

sitting, lying, or sleeping next to each other or side by side


siping

act of sitting, lying, or sleeping next to each other or side by side

condition of being closely adjacent to each other

condition of being next to each other or side by side


suway

disobedience; refusal to obey (an order, command, etc.)


samay

mixed weave; mixture of material in woven textile


man-

man- + digma (“war”) → mandirigma (“warrior”)

man- + dalangin (“prayer”) → manalangin (“to pray”)

man- + loko (“trickery”) → manloko (“to trick”)

man- + nood (“view”) → manonood (“viewer”)

man- + silip (“peep”) → maninilip (“peeping tom”)

man- + Tagalog (“Tagalog language”) → managalog (“to speak Tagalog”)

Alternative form of mang-, if the root starts with alveolar consonants, such as ⟨d⟩, ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨r⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨t⟩, which gets nasally assimilated to the prefix ending when starts with voiceless alveolar consonants, ⟨s⟩ and ⟨t⟩ or sometimes ⟨d⟩.


Turko

tl-noun

Turko (feminine Turka, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜃᜓ)


Orense

[ʔoˈɾɛn̪.sɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from Galician Ourense.


Holandes

Holandés (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Holandes

Holandés (feminine Holandesa, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

Holandés (canonical)
Holandesa (feminine)
ᜑᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


turok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tə(n)duk. Doublet of tundok.

act of piercing with a pointed object (such as a pin or needle)

small puncture or hole (made with a pin or needle)

young stag with horns just beginning to sprout


Maribel

Borrowed from Spanish Maribel, from blend of Maria + Isabel.


Puig

tl-proper noun

Puíg (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ or ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜄ᜔)

Puíg (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


linga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləŋa. Compare Bikol Central lunga, Cebuano lunga, Ilocano lengnga, Ibanag langa, Maranao lenga, and Tausug lunga.


linga

lingâ (canonical)
lingà (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ (Baybayin)

looking sideways, from left to right (as in searching for something or someone)

(obsolete) act of swerving to the one side

(obsolete) wobbling from side to side (especially of a boat)


linga

Borrowed from Sanskrit लिङ्ग (liṅga, “sign, mark; phallus”). Compare Malay lingga (“stone memorial”). Doublet of linggam.


pampano

Borrowed from Spanish pámpano, from Latin pampinus.

pompano; pomfret (fish of the Carangidae family)


ulok

Gallinula chloropus
Gallinula chloropus#Translingual

act of inciting someone (to do vengeance or a reckless act)


aab

small hollow or hole, as in a ripe guava fruit, made by or as by biting


direktor

tl-noun

direktór (feminine direktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

direktór (canonical)
direktora (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪ.ɾɛkˈt̪oɾ]


bbq

Abbreviation of bebe ko (“my baby; my love”).


uli

From Proto-Philippine *ulíq (“return, restore”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq (“return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and from”). Doublet of uwi. Compare muli and ulit.

inh

Kakain uli ako.


uli

act of giving back or returning something borrowed or taken from some place

act of returning, reverting, or restoring to a former state

Nabali ang kamay ko ay iuli mo.

(by extension, obsolete) act of readjusting one's bones


uli

act of wandering about; act of vagabonding

(obsolete) act of reselling for the same price


pastil

pastil (Filipino packed rice dish made with steamed rice wrapped in banana leaves with dry shredded beef, chicken, or fish)


Kardo

a diminutive of the male given name Ricardo


uom

suffocation or death while sleeping (especially from a nightware)


Burnham

Named after American architect and urban designer Daniel Burnham.


Pola

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

Pola (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


sintomas

tl-noun

síntomás or sintomas (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜐ᜔)

síntomás (canonical)
sintomas (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish síntomas, plural of síntoma (“symptom”).


suportado

supported; held up (with a prop or support)


belat

[ˈbɛː.lɐt̪̚]

exclamation indicating how misfortune is well-deserved by the person spoken to: serves you right! you deserve it!


belen

Borrowed from Spanish belén, from Belén (“Bethlehem”).


iniba

inibà (canonical)
inibá (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒᜊ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪˈn̪iː.bɐʔ]


aminado

already confessed or admitted to one's fault


biton

Borrowed from Spanish betún, from Catalan betum, from Latin bitūmen.


apatita

[ʔɐ.pɐˈt̪iː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish apatita (“apatite”).


admiti

Borrowed from Spanish admitir, from Latin admittere.

act of admitting (allowing to enter; granting entrance)


bito

Borrowed from Sanskrit बिन्दु (bindu, “dot”), according to Potet (2016).

(obsolete) act of pointing or marking something

(obsolete) demarcation; marking off something as one's property

(obsolete) excess from what is inherited


duwende

→ English: duwende


Bernal

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Joyce E. Bernal, television and film director


habas

(pathology) a kind of horse disease (characterized by the callousness of the mouth)

prudence; wise thought before acting (usually in the negative)


gabinete

[ɡɐ.bɪˈn̪ɛː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish gabinete, from Old French gabinet. Doublet of kabinet.


imoral

(common) Alternative spelling of inmoral


instigador

tl-noun

instigadór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

instigadór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɪ.ɣɐˈd̪oɾ]


tampo

sulking; ill humor shown by a sullen, withdrawn behavior


tampa

bid; offer made by a prospective buyer (in an auction, etc.)


heto

From Proto-Central Philippine *ha-itu, from *ha- "existential prefix" + *itu "here". See also hi- (stative prefix), ito (“this”) and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.


kopo

Borrowed from Spanish copo, derived from copar (“to take”).

all taken or reserved; with all the prizes taken or won (as by a player or a team)


kopo

act of taking everything; sweep; winning of all the games or prizes (of a player or a team, especially in gambling)


rompida

(martial arts) rompida (a striking technique in Philippine martial arts wherein one strikes or slashes up and down repeatedly in the same line)


yero

Borrowed from Spanish hierro (“iron”), from Old Spanish fierro, from Latin ferrum.

galvanized iron sheets for roofing, etc.

tonic or other preparations containing iron


analisador

analisadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

analisadór (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish analizador. By surface analysis, analisa + -dor.


wilig

act of sprinkling water on clothes to be ironed


wilig

moistened by sprinkling with water (of clothes to be ironed)


swak

Onomatopoeic from a swish of basketball touching the net after scoring without touching the rim or the backboard.

(colloquial) suitable; fit; appropriate; proper (usually said as swak na swak)


butil

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butir (“grain, kernel”). Compare Malay butir.


Malabon

Uncertain, possibly from:
* malabong, from ma- + labong (“bamboo shoot”).
* malabon, from ma- + labon (“silt”).

Malabon (a city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


kimona

Borrowed from Spanish kimona, from kimono + -a, from Japanese 着物(きもの) (kimono). Doublet of kimono, a later borrowing. Potet (2016) remarks that the last vowel in 着物(きもの) (kimono) was mistaken for the masculine -o ending in Spanish, so the Spanish feminine -a ending was appended to this word.

traditional short-sleeved loose woman's blouse made of piña or jusi (usually with a wide neck and short, wide sleeves, and worn with a long, wide skirt)


likido

Isang pormula ang nakuha sa Inglaterra , para makayari ng isang likidong pangalis ng barnis, lakre, alkitran, at pintura.

1935, Marcial G. Mendiola, Kabuhayan at tagumpay, Carrsaco Press Company, page 34

A formula for making a liquid that can remove varnish, lacre, tar and paint was obtained from England.

likidong walang lasa

2005, Pananaw 6 Tm' 2005 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 74

Likidong sa di dalisay na kalagayan nito ay bumubuo sa ulan, dagat, karagatan, lawa, ilog, atbp.

2017, Curtis McFarland, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, Diksyunaryong Monolingwal sa Filipino: (Monolingual Dictionary in Filipino), Anvil Publishing, Inc.

Liquid that in its non-pure state is a component of rains, seas, oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.


gastadora

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]


gastadora

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of gastador: female spendthrift; female big spender


gastador

tl-adj

gastadór (feminine gastadora, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

gastadór (canonical)
gastadora (feminine)
ᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish gastador (“extravagant”).


gastador

[ɡɐs.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]


ibaba

[ʔɪˈbaː.bɐʔ]

base; foot (of a staircase, mountain, etc.)

southern part of a district or town; opposite of the uptown district


ibaba

tl-verb

ibabâ (complete ibinaba, progressive ibinababa, contemplative ibababa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜊ)

ibabâ (canonical)
ibinaba (completive)
ibinababa (progressive)
ibababa (contemplative)
ᜁᜊᜊ (Baybayin)
baba (root)
ibaba (infinitive)
ibinaba (completive root)
ibinababa (progressive root)
inababa (dialectal progressive root)
ibababa (contemplative objective)
ababa (contemplative dialectal objective)
ibaba (imperative objective)
babaan (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-i

ibaba

ibaba

[ʔɪˈbaː.bɐʔ]

to lower; to make lower (of the position of something)

(figurative) to bring down (of prices, rank, position, etc.)


ibaba

tl-verb

ibabà (complete ibinaba, progressive ibinababa, contemplative ibababa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜊ)

ibabà (canonical)
ibinaba (completive)
ibinababa (progressive)
ibababa (contemplative)
ᜁᜊᜊ (Baybayin)
baba (root)
ibaba (infinitive)
ibinaba (completive root)
ibinababa (progressive root)
inababa (dialectal progressive root)
ibababa (contemplative objective)
ababa (contemplative dialectal objective)
ibaba (imperative objective)
babaan (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-i

ibaba

ibaba

[ʔɪˈbaː.bɐʔ]


ibaba

tl-verb

ibabá (complete ibinaba, progressive ibinababa, contemplative ibababa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊᜊ)

ibabá (canonical)
ibinaba (completive)
ibinababa (progressive)
ibababa (contemplative)
ᜁᜊᜊ (Baybayin)
baba (root)
ibaba (infinitive)
ibinaba (completive root)
ibinababa (progressive root)
inababa (dialectal progressive root)
ibababa (contemplative objective)
ababa (contemplative dialectal objective)
ibaba (imperative objective)
babahan (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-i

ibaba

ibaba


sentinela

[sɛn̪.t̪ɪˈn̪ɛː.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish centinela, from Italian sentinella.


aerado

[ʔɐ.ɛˈɾaː.d̪o]


alaga

[ʔɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

Borrowed from Malay jaga, from Pali jagga, from Sanskrit जागर्ति (jāgarti, “watch over”), जागृ (jāgṛ, “awakening”).

der

ward (someone or something being cared for)


alaga

[ʔɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

under the care of someone (of a person, animal, plant, etc.)


alaga

[ʔɐˈlaː.ɣɐʔ]

well-kept; well-cared for; carefully tended


PDP

Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
w:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino

Initialism of Partido Demokratiko Pilipino.


benta

(colloquial) well-received (especially jokes)


Remigio

Borrowed from Spanish, from Latin Remigius.


Cuenca

Borrowed from Spanish Cuenca, from cuenca (“watershed”).

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the place name]


gising

Compare Kapampangan gising (“awakening”), Bikol Central gisong (“waking up”), Cebuano gisong (“shake into consciousness”), and Tausug gisung (“to wake up for a short time”).

cog

Gising na ang tatay mo.


layang-layang

tl-noun

layang-layang (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜌᜅ᜔ᜎᜌᜅ᜔)

swiftlet, a small bird that builds its nest on high rocks (genus Collocalia)

Aerodramus germani
Wikispecies:Aerodramus germani

Hirundo tahitica
Wikispecies:Hirundo tahitica

Pacific swallow, especially the Philippine subspecies (Hirundo tahitica)


UST

[jʊ ʔɛs t̪ɪ]

(vulgar) Initialism of utot, sabay tae (“shitting in one's pants”, literally “fart, (then) simultaneously shit”).

utot

Initialism of utang, sabay takbo (“dodging one's debts”, literally “borrow, (then) simultaneously run”).


tambo

Phragmites australis
Phragmites australis#Translingual

(colloquial) broom made from common reed


ugali

[ʔʊˈɣaː.lɪʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ugaliq (“custom, manner, way, habit”). Compare Pangasinan ogali, Kapampangan ugali, Bikol Central ugali.

inh

conduct; habit; personal behavior or conduct

tradition; long-established custom or practice


nganga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋaŋa (“open the mouth wide, gape; gaping; opening of a bubu fish trap, basket, etc.”), from Proto-Austronesian *ŋaŋa (“open the mouth”).


nganga

From Proto-Philippine *ŋaqŋaq (“to chew betel”).

combination of betel nut, chewing tobacco, and a little lime wrapped in a betel leaf prepared for chewing


nganga

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜅ, corresponding to "nga"


mamuti

tl-verb

mamutî (complete namuti, progressive namumuti, contemplative mamumuti, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜋᜓᜆᜒ)

mamutî (canonical)
namuti (completive)
namumuti (progressive)
mamumuti (contemplative)
ᜋᜋᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
mang- (affix)
ᜋᜅ᜔ (affix)
puti (root)
ᜉᜓᜆᜒ (root)
actor (focus)
kapamumuti (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜋᜓᜋᜓᜆᜒ (completive formal past past-recent)
pamuti (formal imperative)
ᜉ ᜋᜓᜆᜒ (formal imperative)
kakapamuti (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜋᜓᜆᜒ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapamuti (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜋᜓᜆᜒ (completive informal past past-recent)
pamuti (imperative informal)
ᜉ ᜋᜓᜆᜒ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

mamuti

pamuti¹
ᜉ ᜋᜓᜆᜒ

¹ Not used in Standard Tagalog. Dialectal use only.

Namuti ang kanyang buhok sa katandaan.


aspeto

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English aspect, and influenced by Spanish respeto (“respect”) by analogy.


kidlat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilat, from Proto-Austronesian *likaC. Compare Amis flat (“to flicker”), Bikol Central kikilat, Cebuano kilat, Javanese ꦏꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (kilat), Moru kilat, Malay kilat, Maranao kilat, Waray-Waray kikilat, Tausug kilat.


lindol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lindur, from Proto-Austronesian *linuʀ. Compare Aklanon linog, Bikol Central linog, Cebuano linog, Hiligaynon linog, Indonesian lindu, Javanese ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ (lindhu), Tausug linug, and Yakan linug.


kulog

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kudug (“thunder”). Cognate to Kapampangan kulug.


subtitulo

tl-noun

subtítuló (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜊ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜎᜓ)

subtítuló (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜊ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)


medyas

[ˈmɛː.d͡ʒɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish medias, plural of media.


nagsentimyento

nagsentimyento (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜈᜄ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


ritrato

[ɾɪt̪ˈɾaː.t̪o]


Hapones

Haponés (feminine Haponesa, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜉᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

Haponés (canonical)
Haponesa (feminine)
ᜑᜉᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


misyonaryo

misyonaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English missionary (with misionero as the corresponding Spanish word). Doublet of misyonero.

pseudo-loan

Sa tulong ng dalawang paring misyonaryo ay nakamtan ko ang aking pangarap. Ipinadala nila ako bilang isang scholar sa San Carlos Seminary sa Cebu.

1958, Filipinas: magasing tagapamansag ng katarungang panlipunan


representasyon

tl-noun

representasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

representasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛp.ɾɛ.sɛn̪.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


nagsasanhi

tl-head

nagsásanhî (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜈ᜔ᜑᜒ)

nagsásanhî (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜈ᜔ᜑᜒ (Baybayin)

From nag- + sanhi with the reduplication of first syllable of the root.


nagsasagawa

nagsásagawâ (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜐᜐᜄᜏ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɐɡˌsaː.sɐ.ɣɐˈwaʔ]

From nag- + sa- + gawa, with the reduplication of first syllable of the root.


nagsasaka

From nag- + saka with the reduplication of first syllable of the root.


henerasyon

tl-noun

henerasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

henerasyón (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[hɛ.n̪ɛ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish generación (“generation”), from Latin generātiō.


relihiyon

tl-noun

relihiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

relihiyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜒᜑᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish religión, from Latin religiō.


gagamba

Possibly from a partial reduplication of gamba.


heograpiko

tl-adj

heográpikó (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜃᜓ)

heográpikó (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish geográfico (“geographic”).


heograpiya

tl-noun

heograpiya (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ)

ᜑᜒᜌᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish geografía (“geography”).


negosyo

[n̪ɛˈɣoː.ʃo]

Borrowed from Spanish negocio (“business”).


sikologo

sikólogó (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


saranggola

[sɐ.ɾɐŋˈɡoː.lɐ]

Uncertain. Possibly related to Sinhalese සරුංගලය (saruṁgalaya), Javanese ꦭꦪꦁ (layang), and Malay layang.


minorya

tl-noun

minoryá or minorya (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜌ)

minoryá (canonical)
minorya (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


suklay

Compare Kapampangan sukle, Bikol Central sukray, Cebuano sudlay, and Waray-Waray sudlay.


rehiyon

Borrowed from Spanish región, from Latin regiōnem.


sikolohiya

sikolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

Layunin ng kasalukuyang pananaliksik na mapag-alaman ang mga batayan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino at matalunton ang kasaysayan ng sikolohiya sa iba’t ibang dako ng Pilipinas.

2015, Virgilio G. Enriquez, “Mga Batayan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino sa Kultura at Kasaysayan”, in Daluyan: Journal ng Wikang Filipino, page 35

The objective of current research is to know the foundations of Filipino Psychology and to trace the history of psychology in different points of the Philippines.


naglalakad

naglálakád (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜎᜎᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


niyebe

Borrowed from Spanish nieve, from Vulgar Latin *nĕvem, alteration of Latin nivem.


reputasyon

reputasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

reputasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.pʊ.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


reputasyon

[ɾɛ.pʊ.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]

refutation; disproof (of a claim, argument, or opinion)


sinkuwenta

tl-num

sinkuwenta (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


sinkuwenta

ᜐᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


rebolusyonaryo

tl-noun

rebolusyonaryo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


rebolusyonaryo

ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


syentipiko

syentípikó (Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜓ)

syentípikó (canonical)
ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


suspensyon

suspensyón (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

suspensyón (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


heneral

henerál (feminine henerala, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈᜒᜇᜎ᜔)

henerál (canonical)
henerala (feminine)
ᜑᜒᜈᜒᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish general (“general”), from Latin generālis. Compare Indonesian jenderal.


nagniningning

tl-adj

nagníningníng (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜈᜒᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜅ᜔)

nagníningníng (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜈᜒᜅ᜔ᜈᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɐɡˌn̪iː.n̪ɪŋˈn̪iŋ]

From nag- + ningning with initial reduplication.


nagniningning

[n̪ɐɡˌn̪iː.n̪ɪŋˈn̪iŋ]


administratibo

administratibo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish administrativo (“administrative”), from Latin administrātīvus.

bor+

atas administratibo


aktres

tl-noun

aktrés or aktres (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

aktrés (canonical)
aktres (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English actress, and influenced by Spanish actriz, especially with the stress on the final syllable.


gitarista

[ɡɪ.t̪ɐˈɾis.t̪ɐ]


nagkakaroon

tl-head

nagkakaroón (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜇᜓᜂᜈ᜔)

nagkakaroón (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜇᜓᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
magka- (affix)
roon (root)
actor (focus)
kakakaroon (formal imperative)
kapagkakaroon (formal imperative)
kakaroroon (completive informal past past-recent)
kakakaroon (imperative informal)
kapagkakaroon (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

nagkakaroon


repolyo

Borrowed from Spanish repollo (“cabbage”).

bor+

(colloquial) crowding; gathering around (in great numbers)

(colloquial) small group or crowd (of friends, admirers, etc.)


gobyerno

ᜄᜓᜊ᜔ᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


binagre

[bɪˈn̪aɡ.ɾɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish vinagre (“vinegar”).


nagkaroon

nagkaroón (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜇᜓᜂᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
magka- (affix)
roon (root)
actor (focus)
kakakaroon (formal imperative)
kapagkakaroon (formal imperative)
kakaroroon (completive informal past past-recent)
kakakaroon (imperative informal)
kapagkakaroon (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

nagkaroon

[n̪ɐɡ.kɐˈɾon̪]


malik

tl-verb

malík (complete nalik, progressive nanalik, contemplative babalik, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔)

malík (canonical)
nalik (completive)
nanalik (progressive)
babalik (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Apheretic form of bumalik (infinitive): to return


sorbetes

ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sorbetes, plural of sorbete (“sorbet”), from Italian sorbetto, from Turkish şerbet, from Arabic شَرْبَة (šarba, “drink”). Doublet of salabat.

sorbetes; dirty ice cream (Filipino traditional ice cream made of coconut or carabao milk)


Bulgaro

tl-noun

Bulgaró (feminine Bulgara, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜄᜇᜓ)

Bulgaró (canonical)
Bulgara (feminine)
ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜄᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


alyansa

Borrowed from Spanish alianza (“alliance”).


silopono

silóponó (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎᜓᜉᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


bertebrado

tl-noun

bertebrado (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜊ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


akwaryum

ᜀᜃ᜔ᜏᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English aquarium, from Latin aquārium.


aluminyo

Borrowed from Spanish aluminio (“aluminum”), from English aluminium, coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1812, from Latin alumen (“alum”).


aksyon

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of aksiyon.


rosaryo

Borrowed from Spanish rosario (“rosary”), from Medieval Latin rosārium (“rosary”), from Latin rosārium (“rose garden”).


nagkakaisa

tl-head

nagkakáisá or nagkákaisá (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜁᜐ)

nagkakáisá (canonical)
nagkákaisá (canonical)
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜃᜃᜁᜐ (Baybayin)
magka- (affix)
isa (root)
actor (focus)
kakakaisa (formal imperative)
kapagkakaisa (formal imperative)
kakaiisa (completive informal past past-recent)
kakakaisa (imperative informal)
kapagkakaisa (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

nagkakaisa


dusa

Borrowed from Malay dosa (“sin”), from Sanskrit दोष (doṣa, “deficiency, damage, harm”) with semantic shift.


beysbol

ᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish béisbol or from English baseball.


ubas

Borrowed from Spanish uvas, plural of uva (“grape”).


ubas

residue or bagasse of the St. Thomas bean after the juice has been pressed out (used for cleaning)

act of rubbing or cleaning something with the residue or bagasse of the St. Thomas bean

first bath after menstruation (of a woman)


deklarasyon

tl-noun

deklarasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

deklarasyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish declaración, from Latin dēclārātiō.


buhol

(figurative) obstacle; problem; entanglement

(figurative) unifying factor; bond; union


apelyido

Borrowed from Spanish apellido (“surname”).


yagit

rubbish of flotsam and jetsam carried by the current and left on banks of a river or canal

fallen dried twigs or small branches scattered around

(figuratively) tramp; vagrant; beggar; any useless individual


buhangin

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhaŋin (“sandbank, sand spit, shoal”). Possibly composed of *bu (“dust”) (c.f. abo and abok) + hangin (“wind”). Compare Sambali boyangin, Kapampangan buangin, Remontado Agta tabuhangin, and Tausug buhangin. See also Malay pasir bungin.


yanig

shaking; tremor; vibration; temblor (of buildings, mountains, earth, etc.)

(figurative) any sudden, emotional disturbance or agitation


yanig

strongly shaken (of the earth during an earthquake)


sentimyento

tl-noun

sentimyento (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜌᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

(by extension) grudge; dissatisfaction; ill will


botelya

Borrowed from Spanish botella. Doublet of botiha.


alahas

Borrowed from Spanish alhaja, alhajas, from حَاجَة (ḥāja, “necessary thing; valuable thing”) or حِلْيَة (ḥilya, “ornament”).


siguro

From Philippine Spanish seguro (“probably; maybe”), originally shifted from Standard Spanish seguro (“surely”), where Philippine Spanish instead uses segurado (“sure”, literally “assured”) for the same sense. Doublet of seguro.


siguro

certainty; assurance (especially in derived words)

security; safety (especially in derived words)


miyembro

ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish miembro (“member”), from Latin membrum.


almirol

almiról (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜇᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish almidón, from Vulgar Latin amidōnem, from Latin amylum, from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon); influenced by words of Arabic derivation beginning al-.


alipin

Borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Northern Luzon *alipən, from Proto-Philippine *qadipən (“slave”), doublet from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qudipən (“slave”), which is possibly a suffixed form of *qudip (“to live”). Compare Pamplona Atta ajjipan, Bikol Central uripon, Cebuano ulipon, Maguindanao ulipen, Maranao oripen, and Tausug īpun.

(historical) lowest class in ancient Tagalog society


alpabeto

Borrowed from Spanish alfabeto (“alphabet”), from Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos).


buwis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhis (“tribute”). Compare Bikol Central buwis, Cebuano buhis, Ilocano buis, Kapampangan buis, and Waray-Waray buhis.

(figurative) something given as a sacrifice


kamatis

desc

→ Hokkien: 柑仔得 (kam-á-tit), 柑仔蜜 (kam-á-bi̍t)

Borrowed from Spanish tomates, plural of tomate (“tomato”), from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”), with dissimilation of /t/ to /k/.


bukod

act of putting aside something for someone


silya

tl-noun

silya or silyá (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)

silya (canonical)
silyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish silla, from Old Spanish siella, from Latin sella. Doublet of siya.


bugnot

[bʊɡˈn̪ot̪̚]

Revival of earlier bognot (“(derogatory) highlander, especially the Aeta”), from their perceived attitude to lowlanders and the Spaniards.

exasperation; irascibility (especially from an unappreciated joke)


bugnot

[bʊɡˈn̪ot̪̚]


pamahalaan

pámahalaán (canonical)
ᜉᜋᜑᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From bahala + pam- -an, with total nasal assimilation. The noun is coined by Eusebio T. Daluz in 1915, but has been used prior to 1915.

Ang pag abuloy sa kailang̃an ng̃ bayan ay ang pagbibigay ng̃ baua't isa sa atin ng̃ kaukulang ambag ó saklolo, na nakagauian nating tauaguing̃ buis, na ito'y upang igugul sa mang̃agsisipang̃asiua sa kalahatan na magtatangol ng̃ buhay, pag-aari at kayamanan ng̃ tanang namamayan at ng̃ pamahalaan; gayon din naman sa pagpaparing̃al at pagpapabuti ng̃ ating mg̃a dadaanang lansang̃an ó ilog, tulay, bahay pamahalaan, sa ikatututo ng̃ ating mg̃a anak, sa pagpapadala sa Amerika ng̃ ating binata upang tayo'y magkaroon ng̃ marurunong at ibat iba pa na kagaling̃ang pinakikinabang̃an ng̃ kalahatan.

1905, Honorio Lopez, Mḡa katuiran n̄ḡ filipino maicling kasaysayan


pamahalaan

tl-verb

pamahalaan (complete pinamahalaan, progressive pinapamahalaan, contemplative papamahalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋᜑᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

pinamahalaan (completive)
pinapamahalaan (progressive)
papamahalaan (contemplative)
ᜉᜋᜑᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


bumalik

bumalík (complete bumalik, progressive bumabalik, contemplative babalik, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔)

bumalík (canonical)
bumalik (completive)
bumabalik (progressive)
babalik (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
balik (root)
bumalik (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumalik (completive root trigger-actor)
bumabalik (progressive trigger-actor)
nabalik (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
babalik (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabalik (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kababalik (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabalik (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
balikan (infinitive root trigger-object)
binalikan (completive root trigger-object)
binabalikan (progressive trigger-object)
inabalikan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
babalikan (contemplative trigger-object)
abalikan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagbalikan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbalikan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbabalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbabalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibalik (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinalik (benefactive completive root)
ibinabalik (benefactive progressive)
ibabalik (benefactive contemplative)
ipambalik (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambalik (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambalik (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambalik (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikabalik (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinabalik (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinababalik (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
ikababalik (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibalik (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinalik (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinabalik (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibabalik (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibalik (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinalik (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinabalik (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibabalik (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpabalik (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabalik (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabalik (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabalik (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapababalik (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabalik (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabalik (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabalik (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pabalikin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinabalik (actor-secondary completive)
pinababalik (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapabalik (actor-secondary progressive)
pababalikin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papabalikin (actor-secondary contemplative)
pabalikan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinabalikan (completive trigger-object)
pinapabalikan (progressive trigger-object)
pinababalikan (progressive trigger-object)
papabalikan (contemplative trigger-object)
pababalikan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpabalik (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabalik (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabalik (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabalik (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabalik (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabalik (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabalik (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabalik (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabalik (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabalik (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabalikan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabalikan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapababalikan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapababalikan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbalikan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbalikan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makabalik (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakabalik (completive trigger-actor)
nakababalik (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakabalik (progressive trigger-actor)
makababalik (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakabalik (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabalik (infinitive trigger-actor)
napabalik (completive trigger-actor)
napababalik (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapabalik (progressive trigger-actor)
mapababalik (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapabalik (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabalikan (infinitive trigger-object)
nabalikan (completive trigger-object)
nababalikan (progressive trigger-object)
mababalikan (contemplative trigger-object)
maibalik (benefactive infinitive)
naibalik (benefactive completive)
naibabalik (benefactive progressive)
maibabalik (benefactive contemplative)
maikabalik (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikabalik (completive trigger-causative)
naikababalik (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
naikababalik (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibalik (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibalik (completive trigger-causative)
naibabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
maibabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbalikan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbalikan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbabalikan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbabalikan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabalik (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabalik (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabalik (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabalik (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabalik (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabalik (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabalik (actor-secondary infinitive)
napabalik (actor-secondary completive)
napababalik (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapabalik (actor-secondary progressive)
mapababalik (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapabalik (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapabalikan (infinitive trigger-object)
napabalikan (completive trigger-object)
napababalikan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapabalikan (progressive trigger-object)
mapababalikan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapabalikan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpabalik (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabalik (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabalik (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabalik (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabalik (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabalik (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabalik (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabalik (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabalik (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabalik (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabalik (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabalik (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabalik (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabalik (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabalikan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabalikan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapababalikan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapababalikan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbalikan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbalikan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbalikan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbalikan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibalik (direct infinitive)
nakibalik (completive direct)
nakikibalik (direct progressive)
makikibalik (contemplative direct)
makipagpabalik (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabalik (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabalik (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabalik (contemplative indirect)

Babalik sila mamayang hapon.


alternatibo

tl-noun

alternatibo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊᜓ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alternativo (“alternative”), from French alternatif, from Latin alternātīvus.


alternatibo

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜆᜒᜊᜓ (Baybayin)


bentilador

tl-noun

bentiladór (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

bentiladór (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ventilador (“ventilator”).


yaman

Compare Bikol Central yaman and Masbatenyo yaman.

wealth; riches; fortune; valuable possessions

resource (something used to achieve an objective)


beynte

Borrowed from Spanish veinte, from Old Spanish veynte, from Latin vīgintī.


sayaw

From Proto-Philippine *sayaw (“to make movements”). Compare Bikol Central sayaw, Cebuano sayaw, Maranao sayaw, and Waray-Waray sayaw.


buwisit

Borrowed from Hokkien 無衣食／无衣食 (bô-ui-si̍t, “to be out of luck; to have bad luck”, literally “without clothes and food”). Compare Cebuano buysit and Tausug bulsit.

bor+

(vulgar, colloquial, offensive) annoying; vexing

Marami na ang naliligaw at nadidisgrasya dito . Tuloy, sinasabing ang balite ay buwisit na puno . Ngunit hindi ito pinuputol dahil masama raw sa halip ito'y sinusunog para umalis ang mga maligno .

2000, Joey A. Arrogante, Pagbasa at Pagsulat: Pangkolekiyo, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 147

There are already a lot of people who are lost or seriously injured here. Therefore, the balite is said to be an unlucky tree. But cutting it down is bad and it is rather burned for the evil spirits to leave.


buwisit

L Buwisit 'yang si David! B : (Nagulat) Ahah! Nagtungayaw ka na sa harapan ko! L E ano ngayon? Buwisit at doble buwisit! B : O (Natauhan) Ngayon, nakikilala na kita. L : Ah, buwisit ang pagkakilala mo sa akin, Laura. Magtigil ka ngayon din.

1990, Paulina F. Bautista, Kayumangging lupa: mga kuwento, mga dula, nobela, University of Philippines Press

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Dapat ay buwisit tayo sa buhay ng mga titser ng literatura. Kulitin natin sila kung hindi nila binibigyang-diin ang ating sariling literatura. Kulitin natin sila kung ayaw nilang aminin ang pagkabihag nila sa gahum ng Kanluran. Kulitin natin sila ...

2003, Isagani R. Cruz, David Jonathan Bayot, Bukod na bukod: mga piling sanaysay

Ikaw ang naghahanap ng trabaho diyan. PATIS: Magpasalamat ka't pinagtitiyagaan kitang pagsilbihan. (Babatuhin ni PATIS ng bote ang sasakyan ni LUIS.) LUIS: Buwisit! PATIS: Buwisit ka rin! Ikaw mag-isa ang magmaneho ng sasakyan mo!

1996, Emmanuel A. Reyes, Malikhaing pelikula

(vulgar, colloquial, offensive) nuisance; annoyance; vexation


buwisit

(vulgar, colloquial) used as an expression of annoyance


Figueroa

[fɪ.ɣɛˈɾoː.ɐ]

[pɪ.ɣɛˈɾoː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, of Galician origin.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Galician]


uliuli

[ʔʊ.lɪˈʔuː.lɪ]


apula

[ʔɐˈpuː.lɐʔ]

act of stopping the progress of something undesirable (such as fire, etc.)


apula

[ʔɐˈpuː.lɐʔ]

put to a stop (of the spread or progress of something undesirable)


Verano

Borrowed from Spanish, from Basque Berano.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


Tagbanwa

Tagbanwa (any of the languages spoken natively by the Tagbanwa)


aspekto

Borrowed from Spanish aspecto, from Latin aspectus. Doublet of aspek.


kuramos

Compare Bikol Central kuramos (“washing the face; wiping the face”).

cog

deep scratch with fingernails (usually of an animal) on one's face


Aranda

[ʔɐˈɾan̪.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, of toponymic origin.

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the place name]


Guerra

Borrowed from Spanish Guerra, from guerra.


baisan

relationship between the parents of a married couple


aduwa

aduwà (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜏ (Baybayin)
Quezon (dialectal)

[ʔɐˈd̪uː.ɐʔ]