putang ina

putang iná (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜅ᜔ ᜁᜈ (Baybayin)

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

From puta (“prostitute”) + -ng (enclitic suffix) + ina (“mother”) or a partial calque of Spanish puta madre.

compound

Nagtutungayaw na sinalubong ito ng kanyang ina. "Ang puta! Putang ina ka! Buwisit, salot ka sa lugal na ito!" Sinampal at sinabunutan ang nagugulumihanang si Aling Marta. Dumurugo ang labi at lumuha na lamang ito, hindi man lamang ...

2006, Ireneo Perez Catilo, Pandesal: at iba pang kuwento

His mother greeted him with a smile. "Damn it! You piece of shit! For god's sake, you're a plague on this place!" He slapped and beat the disturbed Mrs. Marta. Her lips were bleeding and she was merely weeping, not even ...

(idiomatic, derogatory) any contemptible person


putang ina

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

Umaasa ka pa sa putang inang ex mo, e mukhang wala na siyang pakialam sa'yo kahit humagulgol ka.

You're still hoping for that jerk ex of yours, but she doesn't seem to care about you even if you sob.

(derogatory) annoying; wretched; fucked up


putang ina

[ˌpuː.t̪ɐŋ ʔɪˈn̪a]

Putang ina, bagsak ako sa relihiyon at kimika!

Putang ina, ang galing niyang maggitara!

Holy fuck, he's really good at playing the guitar!

Putang ina, mumurahin kita diyan sa forum na iyan. Huwag mo akong ganunin.

2016 September 5, Rodrigo Duterte, 8:02 from the start, in Departure for the 28th and 29th ASEAN Summits

Fuck, I will cuss you out at that forum. Don't do that to me.


lukso

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(ə)suh. Compare Bikol Central lukso and Cebuano lukso. See also Tausug laksu.


beles

Derived from Spanish maravedís, plural of maravedí, ultimately from Arabic مُرَابِطِين (murābiṭīn, literally “holy men”), the name of the Almoravid rulers of Muslim Spain during the 12th century.

der

(historical) half-centavo coins (used during the Spanish occupation)


tropiko

Borrowed from Spanish trópico, from Latin tropicus, from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós).


elektrolito

tl-noun

elektrólitó (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ)

elektrólitó (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish electrólito, from English electrolyte, coined by Scientist Michael Faraday in 1834, from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron) + λυτός (lutós).


presinto

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English precinct, influenced by Spanish precinto (“seal”), recinto (“precinct; enclosure”), ultimately from Latin praecīnctum (“enclosure; boundary line”).


kamag-anak

[kɐ.mɐɡˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


kadugo

[kɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]


lunatiko

Borrowed from Spanish lunático, from Latin lūnāticus.


alikabok

alikabók (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜃᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *alik-qabuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabuk.


oleomargarina

tl-noun

oleomargarina (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜂᜎᜒᜌᜓᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


bakas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkas. Compare Javanese ꦧꦼꦏꦱ꧀ (bekas) and Malay bekas.


bakas

share of capital; money put in (in gambling or business)


timos

act of tasting or savoring any liquid food or broth (as by sipping a little of it)


danan

tl-verb

danan (complete dinanan, progressive dinaranan, contemplative daranan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜈᜈ᜔)

dinanan (completive)
dinaranan (progressive)
daranan (contemplative)
ᜇᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Syncopic form of daanan, from daan + -an.

Danan mo ang sulat sa kapitan.


tiris

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tədis. Compare Bikol Central tados.

inh+

act of crushing of lice between thumbnails

(by extension) act of popping one's pimples (especially with one's fingertips)


dami

Compare Hiligaynon damo and Waray-Waray damo.


ligis

grinding; milling; crushing; pulverizing


butiki

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual


abanderado

tl-noun

abanderado (feminine abanderada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

abanderada (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abanderado (“standard-bearer”).


abanderada

[ʔɐ.bɐn̪.d̪ɛˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


boton

Borrowed from Spanish botón. Doublet of butones.

(uncommon) button (fastener, especially a big one)


boton

tl-noun

boton or botón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

boton (canonical)
botón (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


buhawi

From Greater Central Philippine *buháwi(ʔ). Compare Waray-Waray buhawi and Maranao bohawi.


ahensya

[ʔɐˈhɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ahensiya.


ahedres

ahedrés or ahedres (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ahedrés (canonical)
ahedres (canonical)
ᜀᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.hɛˈd̪ɾɛs]

[ʔɐˈhɛː.d̪ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish ajedrez (“chess”), Old Spanish axedrez, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (cʾtlʾng /čatrang/), from Sanskrit चतुरङ्ग (caturaṅga). Doublet of satol.

der

الشَّطْرَنْج

Arabic الشَّطْرَنْج (aš-šaṭranj)

Datapwa't sahol sa kasanayang mapagitna sa dalawang babaing kapwa umiibig sa kanyá, át: mga sandaling yao'y sabay na nangangailangan at humihingi ng kanyang asik so at panáhon. Hindi bihasa si Mando sa ahedres ng mga puso.

1978, Amado V. Hernandez, Mga ibong mandaragit (nobelang sosyo-politiko)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

...na ang lantsa sa kalagitnaang bahagi ng ilog, sa loob-loob ni Mayor Sugay, “Mga mababa na piraso lamang kayo ng ahedres sa labanang ito. Hahahaha! Kung sa palagay ninyo'y kumikilos kayo upang proteksiyunan ang sari-sarili ninyong mga interes, diyan kayo nagkakamali!”

...the launch already in the middle part of the river, in the inner thoughts of Mayor Sugay, “You all are just lowly pieces of chess in this fight. Hahahaha! If you all think you were moving to protect your own interests, that's where you are wrong!”


akasya

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “a thorny Egyptian tree”).


bukol

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul. Compare Bikol Central bukol, Kapampangan bukul, and Pangasinan bokol.

swelling; bump; lump (as on one's head or body)


bagal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagal (“overgrown, clumsy, sluggish”). Cognate with Cebuano bagal, Kapampangan bagal, Maranao bagal, and Malay bagal.


Arevalo

[ʔɐˌɾɛː.vɐˈlo]

[ʔɐˌɾɛː.bɐˈlo]


piring

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəzəŋ (“to close the eyes”). Compare Bikol Central pirong.

blindfold (covering that blocks light to the eyes)


pamantasan

Malaki ang pamantasan namin.


pantas

Borrowed from Malay pantas, from Old Javanese pantĕs (modern Javanese ꦥꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦱ꧀ (pantes)).

Nagsasaliksik ang mga pantas upang malinang ang kanilang karunungan.

The wise men are researching to sharpen their knowledge.


sapi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sapiq (“contract, harmony, agreement”).

act of joining as a member (of an association, etc.)

(business) stock; share (of a corporation, partnership, etc.)

something attached or nailed to or against another (to reinforce or strengthen it)

(by extension) possession (by a spirit, demon, etc.)


mikroorganismo

tl-noun

mikroorganismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜂᜇ᜔ᜄᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish microorganismo, also analyzed as mikro- + organismo.


tekila

Borrowed from Spanish tequila, from Tequila, the town in Jalisco, Mexico where the drink was originally made. The place name is from Classical Nahuatl Tequillan, Tecuila (“place of tribute”).


tostador

tostadór (canonical)
ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


hamak

Compare Bikol Central hamak. See also Arabic حَمَاقَة (ḥamāqa).


barena

[bɐˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish barrena, from Mozarabic barrina, from Late Latin veruina (“long javelin”), from Latin veru (“javelin”). Doublet of balina.

drill; auger (instrument for creating holes)

(figurative) lapse of distemper; moment of unreasonable anger


sismometro

sismómetró (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

sismómetró (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


mamon

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish mamón (“sponge cake”), from Spanish mamón (“suckling child”). Compare Cebuano torta mamon and Thai มาม่อนเค้ก (maa-mɔ̂ɔn-kéek, “mamon cake”).

cog

mamon (traditional Filipino chiffon cake or sponge cake)


akustiko

akústikó (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acústico, from French acoustique, from Ancient Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós). Doublet of akustiks.


bual

Alternative form of buwal (“fall flat on the ground”)


bual

Alternative form of buwal (“fallen flat on the ground”)


Breslavia

tl-proper noun

Breslavia (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜊ᜔ᜌ)

ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜎᜊ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


Renato

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English René


kabaret

[ˌkaː.bɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish cabaret, variant of cabaré, from French cabaret.


asukal

Early borrowing from Spanish azúcar. Compare Bikol Central asukar, Cebuano asukar, Ilocano asukar, Tausug sukal, and Waray-Waray asukar.


adiposidad

tl-noun

adiposidád (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

adiposidád (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜉᜓᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


tinapay

From tapay + -in-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tapay. Compare Kapampangan tinape and Malay tempayan.


lunan

Syncopic form of lunaan from Cebuano luna (“canvas; space; place; area”) + -an. Coined by Isidro Abad, a former committee member representing Cebuano at the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (Institute of National Language) around late 1930s as a substitute for Spanish-loaned lugar.


nudels

Borrowed from English noodles, plural of noodle, from Dutch noedel, or from German Nudel. Compare Cebuano nodol.

noodles (strings or flat strips of pasta or other dough)


Felicidad

Felicidád (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


arkipelago

tl-noun

arkipélagó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ)

arkipélagó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜉᜒᜎᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪˌpɛː.lɐˈɣo]

Borrowed from English archipelago, from Italian arcipelago, from Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “leading”) + πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”). Doublet of artsipiyelago.


pusakal

Blend of pusa (“cat”) + kalye (“street”).


askal

Blend of aso + kalye, also short for asong kalye.

askal (a variety of mongrel dog breed in the Philippines)

Lumayo ka; may askal sa tabi, baka anuhin ka.

Stay away; there's a stray dog nearby, it might do something to you.


tangga

Borrowed from Spanish tanga (“hob, a boys game”), from Old Spanish tanga, first-person singular present subjunctive of tañer (“to touch”), from Latin tangere (“to touch”).

bor+

a gambling game in which coins at stake are placed one over another inside a circle then hit by players in turns with their cue pieces (similar to quoits)


glandula

glándulá (canonical)
ᜄ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish glándula, from Latin glandula.


Awstralya

tl-proper noun

Awstralya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜏ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

1980, Teodoro A. Agoncillo Ang Pilipinas at Ang Mga Pilipino: Noon at Ngayon, R.P. Garcia Pub.
Sa utos ng Pangulong Roosevelt, sina Quezon ay umalis sa Korehidor noong ika-20 ng Pebrero, 1942 at pinapunta nang lihim na lihim sa Awstralya upang dito kumuha ng bapor na magdadala sa kanila sa Estados Unidos.

Under the orders of President Roosevelt, Quezon left Corregidor on the 20th of February 1942 and was told to secretly go to Australia in order to board a ship there bringing them to the United States.


Bulgarya

Borrowed from Spanish Bulgaria (“Bulgaria”).

bor+

Pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang mga layuning ito ay isinanib sa mga kasunduan sa pakikipamayapa na nilagdaan noong 1947 ng Estados Unidos, Unyon Sobyet, at ibang magkakaanib na bansa sa isang dako at ng Rumanya, Bulgarya, Ungriya, at Pinlandiya. Nakapaloob sa mga kasunduang ito ang mga tadhanang nagkakaloob ng batayang karapatan at kalayaan sa mga mamamayan ng mga bansang ito.

1949, Sa kapakanaan ng kapayapaan at kaunlarang pandaigdig

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


puthaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 斧頭／斧头 (pú-thâu, “axe”).


gilas

elegance; refined grace (in manners or action)


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]

Di naman siya nagmaramot at noon din ay pinatigil niya ang aming sasakyan at kami ay nagpalit. — Saan ba ang ating tungo? — usisa ko' habang ikinakambiyo sa tersera ang lumalakad na naming sasakyan. — Sa Pansol, maligo tayo...

1947, Juan Rivera Lazaro, Kung umibig ang artista: nobela


tersera

[t̪ɛɾˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


akonito

[ʔɐˌxoː.n̪ɪˈt̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish acónito, from Ancient Greek ἀκόνιτον (akóniton).

(toxicology) aconite (extract or tincture used as a poison and medicinally)


huma

response to a surprising or unexpected comment from someone


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]

act of causing someone to be surprised, shocked, or frightened


gulat

[ˈɡuː.lɐt̪̚]


upuan

[ʔʊˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

[ʔʊ.pʊˈʔan̪]

act of sitting at the same time (of a number of people)


upuan

tl-verb

upuán (complete inupuan, progressive inuupuan, contemplative uupuan, Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

upuán (canonical)
inupuan (completive)
inuupuan (progressive)
uupuan (contemplative)
ᜂᜉᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
upo (root)
upuan (infinitive)
inupuan (completive root)
inuupuan (progressive root)
inaupuan (dialectal progressive root)
uupuan (contemplative objective)
aupuan (contemplative dialectal objective)
upui (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-in-an

upuan

upuan

[ʔʊˈpuː.ʔɐn̪]

[ʔʊ.pʊˈʔan̪]

Inupuan niya ang unan ko.


Kang

Borrowed from Hokkien 江 (Kang) or 康 (Khang).


yakap

(figurative) ready acceptance or taking in of a principle or doctrine

attachment to something to the side surface of another by nailing together (as a support or reinforcement)


halik

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajək (“smell, sniff, kiss”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək (“smell”). Compare Ilocano agek, Bikol Central hadok, Cebuano halok, and Waray-Waray harok.


hagikhik

hagikhík (canonical)
ᜑᜄᜒᜃ᜔ᜑᜒᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From *hikhik + *-ag-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hikhik (“snicker, giggle; high-pitched laughter”). Compare agik-ik.

outburst of suppressed laughter; snicker


madugo

tl-adj

madugô (plural madudugo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ)

madugô (canonical)
madudugo (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
madugo (positive singular)
madudugo (plural positive)
dugo (positive root)
mas madugo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madudugo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madugo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madudugo (comparative inferior plural)
kasindugo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadugo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadudugo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadugo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadudugo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadugo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadugo-dugo (absolute equal plural superlative)

[mɐ.d̪ʊˈɣoʔ]

Engineering ang kukunin mong kurso? Naku, madugo 'yan.

You're going to take Engineering as a course? My, that'd be tough.

(hyperbolic, colloquial) extremely difficult


halimaw

Borrowed from Brunei Malay harimau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qari-maquŋ. Possibly also from Tamil அரிமா (arimā, “lion”). Compare Ilocano ulimaw, Kapampangan ulimo, Cebuano halimaw, and Maranao arimaw.

(figurative) brutal person; beast-like person

Halimaw si Bryan, dahil marunong siya ng hindi kumulang sa limang wika.

Bryan is a brilliant person, since he knows no less than five languages.

(colloquial) very talented or intelligent person; beast (someone who is particularly impressive)


lakad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, from Proto-Austronesian *lakat. Compare Aklanon eakad (“step over”), Bikol Central lakad (“step”), Ibanag lakad, Ilocano lakad, Kapampangan lakad, and Waima'a laka.

May lakad ka ba ngayon? Gusto mong sumama sa'ming manood ng sine?

Do you have plans today? Want to watch a movie with us?

purpose in going to a certain place; mission; errand

act of approaching someone (as in seeking approval or favorable action on something)

(figurative) trend; progress (of a business, political campaign, etc.)

(figurative) running condition (of a machine, engine, motor, etc.)


tayo

Possibly from kata + *-yo (from kayo/ninyo), with omission of the initial ka. Compare Tausug taniyu (ta + niyu), Pangasinan tayo (ta + yo), and Kapampangan tamu (ta + mu). May also be borrowed from Ilocano -tayo with stress shift.

Kain tayo!

we; us (inclusive of the person spoken to)


tayo

act of erecting something (a building, statue, etc.)

status; condition (of one's project, health, etc.)


awtobus

awtobús (canonical)
ᜀᜏ᜔ᜆᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


maari

[mɐˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]

From ma- + ari, literally “to be able to have; to be able to get/possessed”.

prefix

(uncommon) rich; owning a lot of property


maari

tl-verb

maarì (complete naari, progressive naaari, contemplative maaari, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜇᜒ)

maarì (canonical)
naari (completive)
naaari (progressive)
maaari (contemplative)
ᜋᜀᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[mɐˈʔaː.ɾɪʔ]


natae

[n̪ɐ.t̪ɐˈʔɛ]


natae

[ˌn̪aːˈt̪aː.ɛ]


kc

From K, pronounced as ka + similarly pronounced English C.


Cayetano

Borrowed from Spanish Cayetano, a male given name from the Latin Caiētānus (“inhabitant of Gaeta”), re-Latinized from Italian Gaetano.


ka-

ka- + sama (“to accompany”) → kasama (“partner”)

ka- + opisina (“office”) → kaopisina (“coworker”)

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root

ka- + mukha (“face”) → kamukha (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

ka- + away (“fight”) → kaaway (“enemy”)

implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun

ka- + sigaw (“shout”) → kasisigaw (“repeatedly shouting”)

ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable

ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)

ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)

implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables

ka- + punta (“going”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)

ka- + luto (“cooking, cuisine”) → kaluluto (“recently cooked”)

implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang


reaksiyon

tl-noun

reaksiyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

reaksiyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ʔɐkˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish reacción, from Medieval Latin reāctiōnem.


Sanskrito

tl-proper noun

Sanskrito or Sánskritó (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ)

Sanskrito (canonical)
Sánskritó (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sánscrito (“Sanskrit”).


bagsak

From Proto-Philippine *bag(ə)sák (“fall to the ground, of something heavy”). Compare Bikol Central bagsak and Cebuano bagsak.

inh

May bagsak si Juan ngayong semestre.


bagsak

Nang ilabas ang resulta ng ibang exams, bagsak siya sa dalawa pang subject. Pumasa man siya sa sumunod na semestre'y di rin siya mabibilang sa graduates ng taong iyon.

1993, Tony Perez, Cubao pagkagat ng dilim: mga kuwentong kababalaghan

When the other exam results were released, he failed on two more subjects. Even where he passed in the following semester, he won't be able to graduate that year.

having a failing grade; having a failing mark

gusaling bagsak

bagsak na sistema


pulmon

Mahina kasi ang pulmon ni Flor.

2007, Joey A. Arrogante, Hangga't alat ang dagat at isang haliging asin: (dalawang novelang gay), page 34


lelang

Possibly from Spanish abuela + -ng or Hokkien 老人 (lāu-lâng). Compare ninang, ninong, nana, tata.


ubod

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubuj (“heart of palm, palm-cabbage”). Compare Ilocano ubog, Kapampangan ubud, Aklanon ubad, Cebuano ubod, and Malay umbut. Doublet of buod.

core; central part of certain fruits; pulp


tusok

From Proto-Austronesian *tusuk (“pierce, skewer or string together”). Compare Malay tusuk and Puyuma tusuk.

pierce; pricking; piercing (with a needle, stick, etc.)

puncture; perforation; prick (made by something pointed)


preparasyon

tl-noun

preparasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

preparasyón (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɾɛ.pɐ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]


ginto

From Hokkien, possibly:
* 金底 (kim-tóe, “gold base”) according to Manuel (1948)
* 金條／金条 (kim-tiâu, “gold bar”) according to Potet (2016)
* 金豆 (kim-tāu, “piloncitos, pea-sized pieces of gold once used as a currency”) hypothesized by Potet (2016)
See also Hokkien 鍍金／镀金 (tō͘-kim, “to gold-plate; to gild”). Cognate with Kapampangan gintu.


pokpok

Reduplication of pok (“bam; bang”), which is onomatopoeic.

(slang, derogatory) prostitute; whore; hoe; skank; hooker; nymphomaniac


pokpok

(slang, derogatory) skanky; sexually promiscuous


Matsumoto

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 松本 (Matsumoto).


galis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *garis (compare Indonesian garis, Malay garis).


Turkiya

[t̪ʊɾˈkiː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Turquía (“Türkiye”).

bor+

Turkey (a country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


matapobre

From Spanish matar (“to kill”) + Spanish pobre (“poor”). Compare matafuego (“fire extinguisher”, literally “fire killer”). Later folk-etymologized as Tagalog mata (“eye; to look”) and Tagalog pobre as borrowed from Spanish.


Hispanismo

tl-noun

Hispanismo (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Hispanismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon). Attested from the 1970s.

(common) Alternative form of Ispanismo: Hispanism


utang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qutaŋ. Compare Sambali otang, Bikol Central utang, Aklanon utang, Cebuano utang,
Tausug utang and Malay hutang.

debt; account; liability or obligation to pay; loan

act of borrowing money, or contracting a loan (as from a bank, etc.)


utang

borrowed; obtained as a loan or obligation to pay


tinik

From Proto-Philippine *tənək, from Proto-Austronesian *Cənək (“thorn”). Compare Ilocano tennek, Bikol Central tunok, Cebuano tunok, Hiligaynon tunok, Maranao tenek, and Tausug tunuk.

May mga tinik ang mga rosas.


parke

parke or parké (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ)

parke (canonical)
parké (canonical)
ᜉᜇ᜔ᜃᜒ (Baybayin)


husi

→ Spanish: jusi

Ultimately from Hokkien, possibly from:
* 富紗／富纱 (hù se, literally “rich yarn”) or 富絲／富丝 (hù si, literally “rich silk”), according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 互紗／互纱 (hō͘ se, literally “intertwining yarn”), according to Manuel (1948)
Compare English jusi, Bikol Central husi, Cebuano husi, and Hiligaynon husi.

jusi (fabric woven from the mixture of abaca, pineapple, and silk fibers)


Casanova

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Catalan]


palito

Borrowed from Spanish palito, from palo + -ito.


kesa

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


Bugarin

[bʊ.ɣɐˈɾin̪]


apuntador

apuntadór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

apuntadór (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.pʊn̪.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]


kural

Borrowed from Spanish corral, from Vulgar Latin *currale (“place for keeping a chariot”), from currus (“chariot”).

der

pen; corral; stockade (enclosure for animals)


ahas

From Proto-Central Philippine *hálas (“snake”) with elision of /l/ and metathesis. Compare Masbatenyo ahas, Bikol Central halas, Aklanon haeas, Cebuano halas, Hiligaynon halas, Waray-Waray halas, Surigaonon hayas, and Tausug hās.

(pathology) a kind of skin disease (eruption)

(by extension, colloquial) leading away someone's spouse or lover


kompresor

tl-noun

kompresor (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


papak

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 飽腹／饱腹 (pá-pak, “full; replete; gorged; stuffed (of rice grains or etc.)”), surmised as “pau-pák” according to Manuel (1948).

eaten without rice or bread (said of food usually eaten with rice or bread)


soltada

Borrowed from Spanish soltada, feminine singular past participle of soltar (“to release”).


bilar

bilár (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
Rizal (Batangas)


konde

konde (feminine kondesa, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish conde, from Latin comitem, accusative singular of comes.


lagas

Possibly related to Malay ragas (“pulling hair”).


lagas

falling off (of leaves, petals, or fruits)

(figurative) loss of lives (as among soldiers in combat)


lambi

small anatomical protrusion (such as an earlobe or earlap)


Inglesero

Inglesero (feminine Inglesera, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ)

Inglesera (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪŋ.ɡlɛˈsɛː.ɾo]

(sometimes derogatory or humorous) person who habitually speaks English (especially in an mostly non-English-speaking community)


-hin

tl-verb

-hin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

intindi (“to understand”) + -hin → intindihin (“(transitive) understand”)

basa (“to read”) + -hin → babasahin (“reading material”)

pang-una (“the first”) + -hin → pangunahin (“primary”)

Lucena (“city”) + -hin → Lucenahin (“a native of Lucena, Quezon”)

Infanta (“municipality”) + -hin → Infantahin (“a native of Infanta, Quezon”)

Aurora (“municipality of San Francisco”) + -hin → Aurorahin (“a native of San Francisco (Aurora), Quezon”)

ilaya (“upper part”) + -hin → ilayahin (“a native or local from northern or upper part of a town or community”)


hayag

condition of being known to people (of a secret)

place that is exposed for everyone to see


datu

[ˈd̪aː.t̪ʊʔ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *datu. Compare with Fijian ratu, Javanese ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu), and Malay datu. Doublet of dato.

datu (title denoting a ruler of various pre-colonial and modern indigenous peoples of the Philippines)


masamang-loob

tl-noun

masamáng-loób (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

masamáng-loób (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

From masama (“bad; evil”) + -ng- + loob (“will”).

af

Mag-ingat sa mga masasamang-loob.

bad guy; villain; people with bad intentions


pahot

the tonguefish species Cynoglossus lingua, Cynoglossus puncticeps, Cynoglossus suyeni, and Symphurus marmoratus, indigenous to southeast Asia


baat

metal ring or a split rattan hoop used to wound around and reinforce handles of knives, bolos, chisels, etc.

adjustable rattan headband inside certain native hats or helmets to fit the head of the wearer


waak

Waak na ang damit ko dahil kinalmot ako ng pusa kanina.

The clothes are torn because the cat scratched me a while ago.


waak

May malaking waak sa hinahabi kong tela.

There is a long rip on the fabric I am weaving.


Barein

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


pasok

From Proto-Austronesian *pasuk (“enter”). Compare Malay masuk.

(by extension) infiltration; trespassing

Walang pasok sa Bagong Taon.

Maaga ang pasok ko bukas kaya hindi ako dapat magpuyat.

I have work early tomorrow so I shouldn't stay up late.


pasok

Pasok sila sa magandang eskuwelahan.


hayon

The latter half of the word is possibly iyon/yaon. See also niyon/noon, gayon/ganoon, doon, heto, hayan/ayan, ayon/ayun, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.

over there! yonder! (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


hayon

act or ability to carry on until the end


luses

Borrowed from Spanish luces, plural of luz (“light”), from Latin lūcem.


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC (“skin”).

act of shaving the head close to the scalp


anit

[ˈʔaː.n̪ɪt̪̚]


balat-sibuyas

tl-adj

balát-sibuyas (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔)

balát-sibuyas (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From balat (“skin”) + sibuyas (“onion”), literally “onion-skinned”.

compound

Balat-sibuyas si Sam kaya palagi tuloy siyang inaasar.

Sam is thin-skinned, hence she is constantly taunted.


balat-sibuyas

Matindi ang trahedya sa pelikula; hindi ito para sa mga balat-sibuyas!

The tragedy in the film is intense; it is not for crybabies!

(idiomatic) someone who is easily bruised or cut


sibuyas

Early borrowing from Spanish cebollas, plural of cebolla (“onion”).


Maan

a diminutive of the female given name Mary Ann


adaptasyon

tl-noun

adaptasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adaptasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


kapal ng mukha

kapál ng mukhâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ)

kapál ng mukhâ (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

From kapal (“thickness”) + ng (“of”) + mukha (“face”).

compound

(idiomatic, derogatory) condition of shamelessness; obnoxiousness; being egotistical


kapal ng mukha

tl-head

kapál ng mukhâ! (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ)

kapál ng mukhâ! (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜎ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜑ (Baybayin)

(idiomatic, derogatory) said to someone lavishly praising themselves, when they may be exaggerating or being full of themselves

(idiomatic, derogatory) retort to one having gall, disrespect or shamelessness


mukha

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुख (múkha, “face; mouth”). Compare Malay muka.


mukha

Mukha kang paa.


tanan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tanan. Compare Cebuano tanan and Hiligaynon tanan.


tanan

escaped; ran away (of an escapee, fugitive, or deserter)


lealista

Borrowed from Spanish lealista. By surface analysis, leal + -ista.


kokaina

Borrowed from Spanish cocaína, from French cocaïne.


itim na butas

tl-noun

itím na butas (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔)

itím na butas (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ ᜈ ᜊᜓᜆᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


noor

noor (canonical)
noór (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜂᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)
Rizal (Batangas)


inda

conscious of the feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc. (usually in the negative)


inda

feeling of suffering from tiredness, pain, insults, etc.


inda

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inda (“mother”). Compare Kapampangan inda. See also inday.


restoran

restorán or réstorán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔)

restorán (canonical)
réstorán (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ultimately from French restaurant, either through Spanish restorán or English restaurant.


bilo

cylindrical roll (of paper, cloth, etc.)

act of shaping or making something into a small, cylindrical roll


bilo

act of shaping kneaded flour or rice flour into ball-shaped lumps


bilo

(obsolete) any ball-shaped object (such as lumps of wax, lard, etc.)


hina ng loob

hinà ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hinà ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜈ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)


sira ang loob

tl-adj

sirâ ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

sirâ ang loób (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜇ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɪˌɾaʔ ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

[sɪˌɾaː ˌʔan̪ loˈʔob̚]

Sira ang loob ko nang mapanood ang balita at malaman ang nangyari na disgrasya.

I feel disheartened upon watching the news and finding out about the tragedy that happened.


bangus

From Proto-Philippine *baŋús. Compare Bikol Central bangus, Cebuano bangus, Eastern Bontoc fiangos, and Kapampangan bangus.

Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos#Translingual


palay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pajay. Cognate with Kapampangan pale, Ilocano pagay, Malay padi, Javanese ꦥꦫꦶ (pari), Tetum hare.


nasyon

Borrowed from Spanish nación, from Latin nātiōnem.


ampalaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria (“bitter melon”). Compare Ilocano paria, Pangasinan palya, Kapampangan apalia, Masbatenyo ampalaya, Cebuano paliya, and Malay peria. Doublet of apalya.


Hesus

Hesús (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜐᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
Christianity (especially)

Borrowed from Spanish Jesús (“Jesus”), from Latin Iēsus, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Hebrew ישוע (yēšūaʿ). Doublet of Sisus.


bayan

Contraction of bahayan (“place of houses or buildings”), from bahay + -an. Compare Kapampangan balen.

contraction

(obsolete) space between the ground and the sky


bayan

(relational) folk; popular (usually in compounds)


baho

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahu, *bahuq. Compare Cebuano baho, Chamorro pao (“smell”), Hawaiian hauhau, Maranao bau (“smell”), Malay bau (“smell”), Palauan bau (“smell”), and Tausug bahu (“smell”). See also Spanish vaho.


baho

Borrowed from Spanish bajo, from Late Latin bassus.


kaha

Borrowed from Spanish caja, from Latin capsa possibly via Catalan caixa or Occitan caissa.


disgrasya

tl-noun

disgrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪsˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]


boykot

Borrowed from English boycott, first used during the Marcos era.

Dito pinasasagot sa tatlong tanong ang mga batang may isip na: Una, "Ano ang ibig, sabihin ng boykot para sa inyo"; pangalawa, "Naniniwala ba kayo na dapat magkaroon ng boykot? Bakit?"

Mahabang panahon ng rehimeng buktot, / Labingwalong taong liko at baluktot, / Umaalingasaw na gobyernong bulok. / Simulang lansagin sa bisa ng boykot!

2008, Poetika/politika: tinipong mga tula, UP Press, page 33


lampaso

Borrowed from Spanish lampazo, from the neuter of Latin lappāceus, from Latin lappa (“burdock”).


lampas

From earlier langpas with the /ŋ/ turning to /m/ before /p/ due to assimilation. Doublet of lagpas.


lampas

exceeding; surpassing; going past (of boundaries, standards, race, etc.)

amount, length, width, or distance exceeded


adya

adyâ (canonical)
adyá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

salvation; redemption or delivery, as from sin, danger, etc.


aduwana

[ʔɐˈd̪waː.n̪ɐ]


adwa

(pathology) nausea; feeling of sickness at the stomach with an impulse to vomit


Shimabukuro

tl-proper noun

Shimabukuro (Baybayin spelling ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜊᜓᜃᜓᜇᜓ)

ᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜋᜊᜓᜃᜓᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 島袋 (Shimabukuro).


Fujiwara

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 藤原 (Fujiwara).


Fujihara

[fʊ.d͡ʒɪˈhaː.ɾɐ]

[pʊ.d͡ʒɪˈhaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 藤原 (Fujihara).


Nakamura

Borrowed from Japanese 中村 (Nakamura) or 仲村 (Nakamura).


Takahashi

A transliteration of the Japanese surname 高橋 (Takahashi)


sedula

Borrowed from Spanish cédula, from Medieval Latin cedula, from Latin schedula. Doublet of iskedyul.

community tax certificate; residence certificate


istambay

Borrowed from English stand by. Compare Cebuano estambay.


demokrata

demókratá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜆ (Baybayin)


akselerasyon

tl-noun

akselerasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akselerasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜎᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English acceleration influenced by Spanish aceleración, from French accélération or directly from Latin accelerātiō.

pseudo-loan

(common) Alternative form of aselerasyon


pisil

From Proto-Austronesian *pisəl (“to pinch; to squeeze; to knead”).

inh

tight hold of the hand; hand pressure, as in holding something


impis

deflated; sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


impis

condition of being deflated or sunken (of punctured tires, balls, etc.)


martir

Borrowed from Spanish mártir (“martyr”), from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).


eks

Borrowed from English ex, the English name of the letter X/x.

the name of the Latin-script letter X/x, in the Filipino alphabet


Tsile

...na Kastila naman ang wikang ginagamit sa ibang mga bansang tulad ng Venezuela, Colombia, Ekuwador, Peru, Tsile, Bolibya, Paragway, Urugway, at Argentina. Katulad ng ating bansang Pilipinas, sinakop din ng mga Kastila ang mga bansang nabanggit.

1980, Yem klamangen benwu tekuy, Summer Institute of Linguistics


sabit

hanging of an object (on a nail, hook, etc.)

condition of being caught on a nail, hook, etc. while in a hurry

tear or rip caused by being caught on a nail, hook, etc.


absolutista

tl-noun

absolutista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


huwes

Borrowed from Spanish juez, from Latin iūdex.


kulintang

kulintáng (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulintaŋ. Compare Tboli klintang, Yakan kwintangan, Indonesian kolintang, Indonesian kelenteng, Javanese ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦤ꧀ꦛꦺꦁ (klénthéng).


hukom

Borrowed from Arabic حُكْم (ḥukm, “judgment”), possibly through Malay hukum. Compare Kapampangan ukum, Maranao kukum, Tausug hukum.

bor+

judge of a contest or a dispute settlement


ehe

Borrowed from Spanish eje, from Old Spanish exe, from Latin axem. Doublet of aksis.


paos

From Southern Proto-Philippine *paʔus (“hoarse”). Compare Bikol Central paas, Cebuano paas, Kinaray-a paus, Cuyunon paus, Hiligaynon paus/laus, Waray-Waray laus.


sosi

Clipping of sosyal, according to Zorc (1993), or possibly from English saucy.

Suwerte lang niya at masalapi siya. Minsan, nagiging maganda ang isang babae kung maganda ang kutis at ang damit niya. Class. Mukhang sosi, sopistikada. Kaya sabi ng iba, maganda. Maganda raw ang ganoong babae. Sabi mo noong ...

2017, Bebang Siy, It's Raining Mens, Anvil Publishing, Incorporated via PublishDrive

Iyon nga lang, sosi na talaga — nagpupulong sila sa pamamagitan ng teleeonferenee. ... Pero maraming nagsasabing masaya sila kung saan masaya si Nora; baka mas nais niya ang simpleng buhay pero napapaligiran ng mga tunay na ...

2005, Nestor De Guzman, Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat

(slang) posh; fancy (associated with the higher classes)


Zamboanga

Borrowed from Spanish Zamboanga, from Central Sama Samboangan (“mooring place”) from samboang (“mooring pole”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), as attested in the Velarde Map (1734). A popular folk etymology may also attribute it to either Indonesian jambangan (“flower garden”) or Malay jambangan (“flower garden”) or Tausug jambangan (“flower garden”) from jambang (“flower pot”) + -an (“place marker suffix”), but this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s with the place being attested usually instead as "Samboangan".

suffix

Zamboanga City (a city in the Philippines)

either of the three provinces of the Zamboanga Peninsula

Zamboanga peninsula
w:Zamboanga peninsula

Zamboanga peninsula (a peninsula in the Philippines)

Province of Zamboanga
w:Zamboanga (province)

Province of Zamboanga (a former province of the Philippines)


estereotipo

tl-noun

estereotipo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓᜆᜒᜉᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish estereotipo, ultimately from Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”) and τύπος (túpos, “mold, cast”).


halari

[hɐˈlaː.ɾɪʔ]


palabas

Pinalo nila nang palabas ang bola.


palabas

Palabas na sila.


lantana

[lɐn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Lantana camara
Lantana camara#Translingual


putat

something taken or eaten as appetizer or to prevent surfeit


tabi

act of staying or passing along the side or border (of a road, river, etc.)

condition of being adjacent or being close together

act of keeping something in a safe place

act of saving for the future (especially of money)


tabi

tabì (canonical)
tabí (canonical)
ᜆᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay tabik, ultimately from Sanskrit क्षन्तव्य (kṣantavya). Compare Kapampangan tabi. See also bati and Malay tabek.

used to tell or order people to get out of one's way: out of the way!; excuse me!; move aside!; step aside!


howe

Borrowed from Hokkien 好的 (hó--ê, “significant other; boyfriend; girlfriend; sweetheart; soulmate”, literally “the good one”).

bor+

significant other; romantic partner; boyfriend; girlfriend; lover; sweetheart; soulmate


balato

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish barato. Doublet of barat and barato.

Minsan, nilapitan niya ako at binigyan ng balato na kung ilang libong piso. Masayang masaya ako, hindi ako tumaya pero para akong nanalo, hinalikan ko siya sa batok kasabay ang biro kong, “Ito lang ba?”

2003, Ligaya Tiamson-Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Bukal ng sining

At one time, he approached me and gave me a consolation of around some thousand pesos. I'm very happy, I didn't made a bet but I felt like I won, that I kissed him on the neck along with a chuckle, "Is this it?"

(gambling) share of money or kind given away as goodwill by the winner (in gambling, a business deal, etc., especially in a game of balikutsa)


sumite

Borrowed from Spanish someter, from Latin summittere.

act of submission (of requirements, etc.)


lusero

(astronomy) any bright star; morningstar


sinat

Compare Kapampangan senat / sanat / sinat.


sinat

Schefflera caudata (a smooth woody vine, the leaves of which are given with wine to women after childbirth and with irregular menstruation)


angat

higher in rank, position, standard of living, etc.


angat

slight lifting (of an object from its position)

superiority (in rank, position, standard of living, etc.)


angas

boastfulness; arrogance (especially in one's words)


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suʀat (“wound”).

wound; cut (any open injury on the skin)

(figurative) any hurt or injury to one's feelings, reputation, etc.


sugat

[ˈsuː.ɣɐt̪̚]


ungis

(chiefly western Marinduque) dirt on one's face


panget

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]


pangat

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋat (“to cook fish in a rich, spicy sauce”). Compare Ilocano pangat, Pangasinan pangat, Bikol Central pangat, Minangkabau pangat, and Malay pengat.

inh

fish cooked in water and vinegar and salt added


pangat

(slang) food (usually leftovers) that has been reheated multiple times for eating


aseton

Borrowed from English acetone, from French acétone. Doublet of asetona.


suam

tl-noun

suam or suám (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ or ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔)

suam (canonical)
suám (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜀᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜐᜓᜏᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly from:
* From 醬／酱 (chiùⁿ, “viscous or thick liquid”) + 泔 (ám, “starch taken from cooked rice”), according to Manuel (1948).
* From 煮 (chú, “to cook”) + 泔 (ám, “rice broth”), according to Chan-Yap (1980).

sauteed fish or meat with garlic and ginger made into a broth with rice water


sagi

sideswipe; grazing or light touch made in passing

momentary recollection of something long-forgotten

(colloquial) momentary dropping in while passing by (in a certain place)


undas

Borrowed from Spanish honras (“honors”), earlier spelled as honrras, or variant ondras, plural of honra (“honor; respect”), corrupted by /d/~/ɾ/ allophony. In Spanish pronunciation, ⟨h⟩ is silent. Ultimately from Latin honōrāre. Compare honras fúnebres (“funeral honors”).

All Saints' Day; November 1st (with associations of visiting family's graves)


tinis

shrillness; sonorousness; quality of being high-pitched (of one's voice)


malis

tl-verb

malís (complete nalis, progressive nanalis, contemplative aalis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

malís (canonical)
nalis (completive)
nanalis (progressive)
aalis (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


pagitan

[pɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐn̪]

Possibly from syncopic form of pagiitan, from pa- + giit + -an.

space; gap; interval; distance between two points


bubuli

Lamprolepis smaragdina
Wikispecies:Lamprolepis smaragdina

emerald green skink (Lamprolepis smaragdina)


pabula

Borrowed from Spanish fábula, from Latin fābula. Doublet of abla and habla.


linis

From Proto-Philippine *linis (“clean”). Compare Bikol Central linig and Pangasinan linis.


linis

cleaned of garbage, dirt, etc. (of a place)


insulares

tl-noun

insulares (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish insulares, plural of insular.

(historical) Spaniard born in the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period)


satsat

Possibly from Spanish chacharear or Spanish cháchara.


satsat

tonsure; shaved bald patch (cut close to the scalp)


galit

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


galit

[ˈɡaː.lɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.lɛt̪̚]


ga-

Possibly related to gaya (“like; imitated”).

ga- + bahay (“house”) → gabahay (“as big as a house”)

ga- + bundok (“mountain”) → gabundok (“as big as a mountain”)

used to indicate of a similarly big size: as big as; as large as

ga- + nito (“this”) → ganito (“like this”)

ga- + niyan (“that”) → ganiyan (“like that”)

used to indicate similarity: like; similar to


dilim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dələm, with root *-ləm. Cognate with Ilocano lidem (“dim”), Asi ruyom (“dark”), Aklanon dueom (“dark”), Cebuano dulom (“moonless; gloomy weather”), Maranao delem (“moonless night; black”), and Tausug dūm (“night”).


kompyuter

tl-noun

kompyuter (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


sindikato

Borrowed from Spanish sindicato (“trade union”), influenced by English syndicate.


sisig

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of pig's face and belly)


pagtae

[pɐɡˈt̪aː.ʔɛ]


pinton

tall basket woven out of strips of bamboo for storing rice


seksismo

ᜐᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Attested since the 1990's. Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English sexism due to the late attestation.

pseudo-loan

Si Aida ang sangkalan. Taludturang may tatag-tibay ang aagapay, sasalo sa dugo ng seksismo.

1990, Ani Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines · Volume 4


direkta

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish directa, feminine singular of directo, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of deretso.


direkta

[d̪ɪˈɾɛk.t̪ɐ]


ulon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qulun (“rest the head on”). Compare ulo.


ulon

(geography, obsolete) small lake or puddle


dagis

From Proto-Philippine *daʀʔəs (“strain; physical effort”). Compare Pangasinan dages, Kapampangan dayas, Bikol Central dag-os.

(physiology) physical effort to eject or discharge the bowels or the womb as in defecation or childbirth


kampon

Compare Tausug kampung, Javanese ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁ (kampung), and Malay kampung.

brilliance or excellence of work or appearance


garil

defect in speech; difficulty in pronouncing words


tyane

[ˈt͡ʃaː.n̪ɛʔ]


ospital

Borrowed from Spanish hospital, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of otel and hotel.


Tsino

tl-noun

Tsino (feminine Tsina, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜈᜓ)


kuripot

→ Ilocano: kuripot

→ Pangasinan: kuripot

→ Tausug: kuriput


Tsekwa

Possibly from a univerbation of Cebuano Intsik wakang or a blend of Intsik + tokwa, according to Zorc (1993).

(colloquial, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) Chinaman; Chink (person)


Tsekwa

(colloquial, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) Chinese; Chink (pertaining to China and the Chinese culture)


Muzon

San Jose del Monte
San Jose del Monte#English

A former barangay of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, Philippines

A barangay of Taytay, Rizal, Philippines

A barangay of Malabon, Metro Manila, Philippines

A barangay of San Luis, Batangas, Philippines


abentura

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪ˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish aventura (“adventure”), from Vulgar Latin *adventura, from Late Latin adventurus, from Latin advenire, adventum (“to arrive”).


buson

From Spanish buzón, possibly connected to Boso II, king of Provence in the 10th century. From Frankish *bultjo, from Proto-Germanic *bultaz.


bulon

food that blocks the throat resulting to choking


sekreta

[sɛˈkɾɛː.t̪ɐ]

Clipping of pulis sekreta, calque of Spanish policía secreta. Doublet of sekreto.

secret police; secret service man; detective; plainclothesman


anghel

Borrowed from Spanish ángel, from Late Latin angelus, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos). Doublet of ansilis.


arkeologo

tl-noun

arkeólogó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ)

arkeólogó (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜌᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)


adorasyon

adorasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

adorasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪o.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish adoración, from Latin adorātiōnem.


nibel

Borrowed from Spanish nivel, ultimately from Latin libella. Doublet of lebel.


batak

Compare Cebuano batak, Hiligaynon batak, and Kapampangan batak.

pull towards oneself; drag towards oneself; haul towards oneself

object which one pulls or drags towards oneself

(slang) act of administering an illegal drug (such as methamphetamine, cannabis, etc.)


batak

(colloquial, figurative) well-exercised; muscular; well-trained (of one's body)


Ferrer

Borrowed from Spanish Ferrer, from Catalan Ferrer.


lagos

piercing and reaching to the opposite side in a continuous motion


lagos

penetration; piercing through (from side to side)

act of passing through and through (as through a tunnel)


senyal

Borrowed from Spanish señal. Doublet of senyales.


lukton

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *luk(e)tún (“young locust”).


balbas

Borrowed from Spanish barbas, plural of barba. Compare Bikol Central barabas.

Mahaba ang kanyang balbas.


Sta.

tl-noun

Sta. (masculine Sto., Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ)


kongreso

ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish congreso, from Latin congressus.


pulon

act of winding or coiling something on a spool or its equivalent


shabu

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese shabu, the Hepburn romaji of シャブ (shabu, “stimulant”) (cf. Indonesian sabu). From the 1980s.

Nakakaramdam siya ng pagnanasa. Mas masidhi ang sumpong ng isang taong bitin o kulang sa sex. Lalo na kung kargado sa gamot o bumatak ng shabu. Tulad ngayong solong nagmumukmok ang kanyang laman.

2000, Tomas F. Agulto, Sa. Ba. Tri: sa masaganang milenyo

He has sexual desire toward her. The temperament of a person lacking in sex is more intense, especially when he is high on [illegal] drugs or he sniffed shabu, like right now, when his body is sulking solo.

[The police] confiscated a .45-caliber pistol, three improvised shotguns and sachets of suspected methamphetamine, and marked money from the suspects.

2017 July 11, Jamil Santos, '"4 na drug suspect na nanlaban daw sa mga pulis, patay sa buy-bust operation", GMA News Nakuha sa mga suspek ang cal .45 baril, tatlong improvised shotgun at mga sachet ng hinihinalang shabu, at marked money [...]

(informal) methedrine; methamphetamine; crystal meth

(slang) ya ba (tablet containing a mix of methamphetamine and caffeine)


kaban

→ Spanish: caván

According to Blust (2010–), it is listed as a loan distributed among many Philippine languages, such as Ilocano kaban, Kankanaey kaban, Pangasinan kaban, Kasiguranin kaban, Bikol Central kaban, Cebuano kaban, Agutaynen kaban, and many more, which may possibly be from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaban (“dry measure for grain etc.”). Compare Japanese 鞄(かばん) (kaban, “bag”), Hokkien 合萬／合万 (kap-bān, “cashbox; till”), Teochew 合萬／合万 (kap buāng, “safebox”), Cantonese 夾萬／夹万 (gaap³ maan⁶, “safebox”)

cog

chest; trunk (especially one for clothes)

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


yeba

Borrowed from Spanish lleva, formerly used as a cheer in sporting events. It was popularized by former Manila mayor Antonio Villegas during his campaign and incumbency.

cry expressing joy, triumph, approval or support: hurrah


sapit

(colloquial) attainment (as of one'a ambition)


dilis

From Proto-Philippine *dilis (“long-jawed anchovy”). Compare Malay bilis.

inh

Stolephorus commersonnii
Wikispecies:Stolephorus commersonnii

Commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii)


dilis

From Proto-Austronesian *dələs (“bowstring”).


kima

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kima (“giant clam”). Cognate with Malay kima, Palauan kim (“kind of clam”).


hagis

throw; cast (towards someone or something)


singil

collection or demanding of payment (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)

fee; amount charged (for debt, taxes, purchases and services, etc.)


yayo

tl-noun

yayo (feminine yaya, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌᜓ)


ilat

[ˈʔiː.lɐt̪̚]

dry bed of rivulet (easily flooded during rainy season)

estuary; creek (especially when dry or having just a little water)


latik

latik (solid coconut curds, residue of coconut oil extraction by boiling)

latik (thick, syrupy, caramelized condiment from reducing coconut milk and sugar)


tutos

(sewing) act of sewing something with loose, temporary stitches


pekpek

(anatomy, colloquial, vulgar) vagina; pussy; female genital organ


lumbo

(neologism) beaker (used as a laboratory container)


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


abnegada

[ʔɐb.n̪ɛˈɣaː.d̪ɐ]


SPG

[ˌʔɛs pɪ ˈd͡ʒi]

Borrowed from English SPG; the meaning being a phono-semantic matching of English strong parental guidance. Coined by Movie and Television Review and Classification Board in 2012.

coinage

(television) Initialism of striktong patnubay at gabay: strong parental guidance (television content rating in the Philippines used for programs containing mature or disturbing graphic content and subject matter, and/or coarse language that are not suitable for children without parental supervision)


pundo

Early borrowing from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Doublet of pondo.


ekis

(figurative) staggering or tottering movement (as of a drunk)


ambon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ambun (“dew, mist, fog”). Compare Aklanon ambon (“fog; mist; haze”) and Malay embun (“dew”).


kaliwa

From Proto-Philippine *kali(n)wala with elision of the second /l/, from Southern Proto-Philippine *walah. Compare Bikol Central wala, Asi wala, Aklanon waea, Cebuano wala, Butuanon kawa, Surigaonon waya, and Tausug lawa.


klorin

Borrowed from English chlorine, from Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós). The stress shifted to the final syllable. Doublet of kloro.


pungas

confused and half-asleep after waking up


dinumero

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]

dinumero:


dinumero

[d̪ɪ.n̪ʊˈmɛː.ɾo]


halaman

Compare Tausug halaman (“garden; yard”) and Malay halaman (“courtyard”).

(figuratively, colloquial) a person incapable of feeling anything related to love


eskalera

[ʔɛs.kɐˈlɛː.ɾɐ]

(gambling) consecutive number of the same type of card or die


kornik

cornick (a Filipino deep-fried crunchy puffed corn nut snack)


lansa

From Proto-Philippine *laŋsa (“odor of fish, blood”), possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋ(ə)si (“fishy smell”), from Proto-Austronesian *laŋ(ə)si (“unpleasant odor”). Compare Bikol Central langsi, Aklanon eangsa, Cebuano langsa, and Maranao langensa.

characteristic smell of blood (perceived as similar to a fishy smell)


lansa

Borrowed from Spanish lanza, from Old Spanish lança, from Latin lancea, of Celtiberian origin.


motmot

Reduplication of clipping of motel, from English motel in the sense of short-stay hotel, in Philippine English.


adaptador

adaptadór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜉ᜔ᜆᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ɐp.t̪ɐˈd̪oɾ]

adapter (a device or application used to achieve operative compatibility between devices that otherwise are incompatible)


patis

Borrowed from Malay petis (“shrimp paste”), from Javanese ꦥꦼꦠꦶꦱ꧀ (petis, “fish or shrimp extract”).

der

fish sauce, a byproduct of making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines


senyales

Borrowed from Spanish señales, plural of señal. Doublet of senyal.

sign or indications of good or bad fortune


lakas

Borrowed from Malay lekas (“speed”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləkas (“quick, quickly”). Compare Kapampangan lakas (“strength”).

daringness; fearlessness (of one's will or spirit)


bolera

female equivalent of bolero: female flatterer


kupas

obsolete; out of date; no longer in use or popular


kupas

fading of color; discoloration (especially of clothes)

(figurative) loss; waning (of strength, beauty, popularity, etc.)


lungas

broken off; partly broken (said of teeth, but with root stumps still attached to the gums)


Menorca

Borrowed from Spanish Menorca, after the name of Minorca (one the Balearic Islands), from Late Latin Minorca, Minorica, from Latin Balearis Minor.


amatista

Borrowed from Spanish amatista (“amethyst”), Latin amethystus, from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos).


apostolado

tl-noun

apostolado (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ)

ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apostolado, from Late Latin apostolātus.


dalit

Antiaris toxicaria
Wikispecies:Antiaris toxicaria


saks

From clipping of sakto + -s (suffix used in Tagalog slang), from eksakto.


askad

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan askad. Compare also Bikol Central asgad.

bitterish acrid taste (as of orange peelings)


kupad

sluggishness; slowness (in moving or doing something)


lutad

worn-out, damaged, or softened by much use


pekas

Borrowed from Spanish pecas (“freckles”).

bor+

Na may mga pekas sa braso at mga pekas sa likod. Na may damit na asul at mga binti sa ilalim. Lumitaw sa pintuan si batang Lenin na nakapulang shorts na Stretchlon. Nakatayo siya sa isang payat na binti na parang isang tagak at pinilipit ...

2002, Arundhati Roy, Monico M. Atienza, Diyos ng maliliit na bagay

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Lumilitaw sa palibot ng lug ng halamang palay ang mga pekas (lesions) na pahaba, abuhin o krema na kulay-kape sa gilid. Unti-unting pagkamatay o pagkabali- ng hala mang palay sa may liig. Panahon ng Pagdapo ng Sakit Nabubulok ang ...

Naglalaro ang dila ni Nadera sa balag ng alanganin, sa kakatwa, sa mga lingid na puyo ng isip, sa mga singit ng lunggati, sa mga pekas, pasa, singa, at muta ng nakamihasnan nating kalagayan at katotohanan. Naglalandas ang dila ni ...

1993, Ariel Dim Borlongan, Pasintabi ng kayumanggi

lesions, especially on the skin, usually associated with melasma


lapad

From Proto-Philippine *lapad (“wide”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *də(m)paD (“flat and wide”). Compare Pangasinan lapar, Bikol Central lapat, Asi yapar, Cebuano lapad, Aklanon eapad, and Betawi dampar.


lapad

act of hitting someone with the broad side of a bolo

Sardinella albella
Wikispecies:Sardinella albella


tigas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀas (cf. Bikol Central tagas, Cebuano tugas (“molave”), Ibanag nategga (“hard”), Indonesian teras and Malay teras (“heart of wood”), Maranao tegas).

firmness; resolution; inflexibility (in one's decision)

heartwood (wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch)


takip

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *takəp (“cover”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta(ŋ)kəp, ultimately a meaning shift from Proto-Austronesian *takəp (“to double in layer”). Compare Kapampangan takap, Bikol Central takop, Hiligaynon takop, and Waray-Waray takop. See also Maranao tekep and Malay tekap.

inh

cover; covering; lid; cap; anything that covers


Atlantiko

tl-proper noun

Atlántikó (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ)

Atlántikó (canonical)
ᜀᜆ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish atlántico, from Latin ātlanticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀτλαντικός (Atlantikós, “Atlantean, of Atlas”).


Mediteraneo

tl-proper noun

Mediteráneó (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ)

Mediteráneó (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇᜈᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[mɛ.d̪ɪ.t̪ɛˌɾaː.n̪ɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish mediterráneo, from Latin mediterrāneus.

Dagat Mediteraneo
Dagat Mediteraneo#Tagalog

Ellipsis of Dagat Mediteraneo: Mediterranean Sea


Mediteraneo

[mɛ.d̪ɪ.t̪ɛˌɾaː.n̪ɛˈo]


sakramento

tl-noun

sakramento (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜐᜃ᜔ᜇᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sacramento, from Old Spanish sagramento, from Ecclesiastical Latin sacrāmentum.


katekismo

Most likely a pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English catechism, and influenced by Spanish -ismo. Although Spanish catecismo has an older variant, catequismo, it is less likely to be a Spanish loan due to it being attested only since the 1970's.

pseudo-loan

Dahil dito, nagkaroon ng malawakang pag-aaral ng mga etnikong wika. Sumulat ang mga misyonaryo ng mga katekismo at konpesyonal sa mga wikang ito. Ang layuning sumakop ang nagbunsod sa pag-aaral ng mga wika sa Pilipinas.

1978, Wika tungo sa pambansang pagkakakilanlan


praktiko

práktikó (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


arkitektura

tl-noun

arkitektura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.kɪ.t̪ɛkˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish arquitectura (“architecture”), from Latin architectūra.


kritiko

Borrowed from Spanish crítico. Sense 2, semantic loan from English critic.

critic (person who appraises the works of others)


tigas ng ulo

tl-noun

tigás ng ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

tigás ng ulo (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɪˌɣas n̪ɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]

Ba't 'di ka nakikinig? Ang tigas talaga ng ulo mo!
Why aren´t you listening? You´re so stubborn!


komunismo

komunismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish comunismo (“communism”).


tabako

Sinuma ni Antero ans kanyang pagkakagastahan : isang daang piso ang ipadadala niya sa kanyang inang sa probinsiya; isang daang ... Nakasubo pa rin ang tabako sa bibig ni Mr. Collas at gagalaw-galaw iyon habang uo ay nasuasalita.

Suot ni Minister Enrile ang isang long-sleeved fatigue jacket sa ibabaw ng bullet-proof vest, asul na pantalong denim at sapatos na canvas.m Si Ten, Hen. Ramos naman ay nakaterno ng ... Nakasubo ang tabako ng Heneral. Nasa likuran ng ...

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta


akto

Borrowed from Spanish acto, from Latin āctus.


kapitalismo

tl-noun

kapitalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


hampas

strike; blow (with an elongated object like a stick or club)

striking; hard blow (as of waves on the shore)


ekonomiko

Borrowed from Spanish económico (“economic”).


eksperimento

tl-noun

eksperimento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


katalogo

Borrowed from Spanish catálogo, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalog.


aplikante

aplikante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish aplicante. Doublet of aplikant.


konsento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English consent, influenced by Spanish suffix -o in most Spanish words, from Old French consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre. Doublet of konsenti.


kanibalismo

tl-noun

kanibalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish canibalismo. By surface analysis, kanibal + -ismo.


kompyuteran

kompyúterán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔)

kompyúterán (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜌᜓᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


lamon

From Proto-Philippine *lamun (“eat voraciously, gulp down, swallow whole”).

inh

voracious eating; gluttonous eating; gorging; devouring


Feliciano

Borrowed from Spanish Feliciano, from Latin Felicianus, a patronymic form of Felix.

a surname from Spanish deriving from the given name


Fidel

Borrowed from Spanish Fidel, from Latin Fidelis, from fidelis (“faithful”).


lugnas

detached; falling easily (as fruits on a tree, stem, etc.)


aresto

[ʔɐˈɾɛs.t̪o]

arrest; capture (by police or authorities)


aspalto

Borrowed from Spanish asfalto, from Late Latin asphaltum, from Ancient Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, “asphalt, bitumen”).


abolisyon

tl-noun

abolisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

abolisyón (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish abolición, from Latin abolitiōnem.


gilik

powdery substance covering rice husks, straws, and blades of some grass (usually causing irritation or itchiness on the skin)

mud eaten by milkfish, tilapia, etc. (causing them to taste and smell bad)


onse

Borrowed from Spanish once, from Old Spanish onze, ondze, from Latin ūndecim. According to Zorc (1993), the colloquial sense is said to be related to the double line visuals of the written number 11, possibly about double-dealing. The sense can also be possibly about having a one up (an advantage) above a common arbitrary number 10. See also maisahan (“to be able to get one-upped”).


onse

(colloquial) cheating; duping; swindling; fooling


gangsterismo

gangsterismo (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜄᜅ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


akustiks

akustiks (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English acoustics. Doublet of akustiko.


bisa

Borrowed from Malay bisa (“poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”). According to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1860), this is borrowed via Kapampangan. Compare Tausug bisa and Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa). Doublet of birus and virus.

(obsolete) invariable astonishment (used as admiration)

(obsolete, figurative) diligent and hardworking man

(obsolete, by extension) virtue of some herb


kibo

breaking of silence; start of talking (with someone who one has not been with speaking terms with for some time)


imis

From Proto-Southern Philippine *himəs (“put away”). Compare Hanunoo imus, Aklanon himos, Cebuano hipos, Waray-Waray himos, and Western Bukidnon Manobo himes.

act of cleaning or tidying up a place (by keeping things in their proper places)


imis

clean and orderly by having been cleared of unnecessary things (of a place)


BMP

Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino
w:Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino

Initialism of Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino.


palagi

[pɐˈlaː.ɣɪʔ]


alalahanin

tl-verb

alalahanin (complete inalalahan, progressive inaaalalahan, contemplative aalalahanin, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

inalalahan (completive)
inaaalalahan (progressive)
aalalahanin (contemplative)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
alalahan (root)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (root)
alalahanin (infinitive)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
inalalahan (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (completive root)
inaalalahan (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (progressive root)
inaalalahan (dialectal progressive root)
aalalahanin (contemplative objective)
ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
aalalahanin (contemplative dialectal objective)
alalahanin (imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
alalahan (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
alalahana (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

alalahanin

alalahanin

inaalalahan
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔
inaalalahan¹
ᜁᜈᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔

aalalahanin
ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔
aalalahanin¹
 ᜀᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔

alalahanin
 ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔
alalahan¹
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ᜔
alalahana¹
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈ

Alalahanin mo nung namamasyal kayo sa parke.

Remember when you guys strolled in the park.

Alalahanin mo na hindi lang ikaw ang kakain.

Consider that you're not the only one who will eat.


alalahanin

alalahanín (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


gaya-gaya

[ˌɡaː.jɐ ˈɡaː.jɐ]


baul

Borrowed from Spanish baúl, from Spanish bahut, from Old French bahur.


kerido

tl-noun

kerido (feminine kerida, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜇᜒᜇᜓ)


komunidad

komunidád (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


merkado

Borrowed from Spanish mercado, from Latin mercātus.


kamay

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kamay, from Proto-Austronesian *kamay (“hand”). Cognate with Amis kamay (“hand”).

something that resembles a human hand (such as hands on a watch)


kamay

accustomed; suited (in operating a tool or task)


miki

Borrowed from Hokkien 麵羹／面羹 (mī-kiⁿ, “noodle soup/broth”).


musika

Borrowed from Spanish música, from Latin mūsica, from Ancient Greek μουσική (τέχνη) (mousikḗ (tékhnē), “(art) of the Muses”).

der

μουσική (τέχνη)


inso

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien [Term?], possibly 引嫂 (ín-só), 姻嫂 (in-só), or 𪜶嫂 (in-só).

sister-in-law (wife of an elder brother)


tansan

tl-noun

tansan or tansán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔)

tansan (canonical)
tansán (canonical)
ᜆᜈ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Japanese 炭酸(たんさん) (tansan, “carbonated; carbonic acid”), an ellipsis of 炭酸飲料(たんさんいんりょう) (tansan inryō, “carbonated drink”), a genericized trademark by Clifford-Wilkinson Tansan Mineral Water Co., Ltd. popular in the Philippines in the early 20th century, initially romanized and introduced as "TANSAN" on metal bottlecaps and on English marketing material.

ja-r

bottlecap (especially of soft drink bottles)


awak

overflow or gush of large volumes of water from a container, river or a body of water


Segovia

a surname from Spanish deriving from the city and province in Spain


takas

Pinaalahanan ang nga tao na mag-ingat sa mga takas na preso.

The people are notified to be beware of the escaped prisoners.

escaped (from prison, confinement, etc.)


sesante

"Pag ginawa mo yan, Sigurado, sisante ako.” “Yon naman pala. E, ano pa'ng ginagawa mo rito?" “Wala lang. Gusto ko lang makita ang magiging reaksiyon mosa ibabalita ko.” "Ano naman yon?" “Wala lang, balita ko, ilang araw ka na lang dito ...

fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)

jobless; unemployed (due to being dismissed)


walis

manner in which a place was swept (with a broom)

Sida rhombifolia
Wikispecies:Sida rhombifolia


walis

(obsolete) act of taking a different path (due to not being able to pass through the other path)


budin

Borrowed from Spanish budín, from English pudding, ultimately from Latin botellus. Doublet of puding.

(chiefly Quezon) cassava cake with pudding-like consistency


ubaya

ubayà (canonical)
ubaya (canonical)
ᜂᜊᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔʊˈbaː.jɐʔ]

Borrowed from Sanskrit उभय (ubháya). Compare baya, Cebuano baya, Malay bahaya, Sanskrit भय (bhayá).

(obsolete) tolerance; respect for another's opinion (no longer used on its own except in derived terms)


plantito

tl-noun

plantito (feminine plantita, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

plantita (feminine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult man who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic


plantita

plantita (masculine plantito, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ)

plantito (masculine)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ (Baybayin)

(slang, neologism) adult woman who have developed interest in plants, esp. during the COVID-19 pandemic [from 2020]


diyamante

Borrowed from Spanish diamante, from Old French diamant, from Latin adamantem (“hardest steel; diamond”), influenced by δια- (dia-); from Ancient Greek ἀδάμᾱς (adámās, “unconquerable, invincible”).

der

diamond (especially of second-class quality)


inat

inat (canonical)
inát (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈʔiː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


sabo

large group; large flock (of birds or other animals, especially those attracted by a decoy)

attraction of a large group (towards a woman, decoy, etc.)


dungon

tl-noun

dungon or dungón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔)

dungon (canonical)
dungón (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜅᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Heritiera littoralis
Wikispecies:Heritiera littoralis

looking-glass mangrove (Heritiera littoralis)


edukado

tl-adj

edukado (feminine edukada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜇᜓ)


alaska

Root word of alaskador (“one who loves to tease people”), with the etymology uncertain. The old meaning may have referred to “someone who always wants to be above others”, coined from the catchphrase of the milk-producing company Alaska, with tagline “Wala pa ring tatalo sa Alaska”, literally, “Still, no one can beat Alaska”. This meaning being associated with boastfulness and condescension made its sense shift to the current meaning.

lit

act of teasing, making fun of, riduculing, or vexing


terorismo

tl-noun

terorismo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜆᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


banato

Mallotus philippensis
Wikispecies:Mallotus philippensis


amerikana

[ʔɐ.mɛ.ɾɪˈxaː.n̪ɐ]


anyo

(philosophy) form (primary essence or nature of things)


anyo

Borrowed from Spanish año (“year”), from Old Spanish anno, from Latin annus.


salanta

Possibly from the following:
* From Sanskrit श्रान्त (śrāntá, “fatigued”).
* From sa- + Sanskrit रण्ड (raṇḍa, “maimed; crippled”).

prefix

condition of being badly damaged or ruined (as by a typhoon)

cripple; infirm; physically disabled person

condition of being physically disabled (of a person)


salanta

badly damaged; completely ruined; devastated (as by a typhoon)


salatan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan (“south, south wind”). Compare Cebuano salatan, Maranao salatan, Waray-Waray salatan, Malay selatan, Indonesian selatan.


Zapatero

Borrowed from Spanish Zapatero, from zapatero.


Contreras

tl-proper noun

Contreras (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kon̪ˈt̪ɾɛː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish Contreras. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, principally found in Batangas, Bulacan and Quezon


Navarro

Borrowed from Spanish Navarro, from Basque Nafarroa.


nihilismo

tl-noun

nihilismo (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜈᜒᜑᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish nihilismo, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, rehabilitasyon), derived from Latin nihil + -ismo.


Sosa

Borrowed from Spanish Sosa, from Portuguese Sousa.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Portuguese]


Muñoz

Muñoz (a city in Nueva Ecija, Philippines)

a surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic]


Montoya

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


Bustamante

tl-proper noun

Bustamante (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, derived from the town in Cantabria, Spain.

Bustamante: a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Francisco "Django" Bustamante, Filipino billiard player


Villalobos

Villalobos (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜎᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜎᜓᜊᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Villalobos. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, common in Batangas


Romero

Borrowed from Spanish Romero, from Late Latin Rōmaeus, adapted to the suffix -ero; from Byzantine Greek ῥωμαῖος (rhōmaîos, literally “Roman”), name used in the Byzantine Empire for Westerners who crossed to the east on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and on to Rome.
Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

der

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Romero


Ochoa

[ʔoˈt͡ʃoː.ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Ochoa, from Basque Otxoa, from otso (“wolf”). Old surname originating in the Basque Country.
Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], equivalent to Spanish Ochoa, mostly concentrated in Metro Manila and Laguna


Vargas

Borrowed from Spanish Vargas, from varga. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Cavite, Quezon, Rizal and Laguna


Fuentes

ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Fuentes. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Cavite and Rizal


Torres

Borrowed from Spanish Torres. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a common surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila and surrounding provinces (Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal


Ortega

[ʔoɾˈt̪ɛː.ɣɐ]

From Spanish Ortega. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Ortega, most concentrated in Metro Manila, Bulacan, Laguna, Cavite and Batangas


Reyes

Borrowed from Spanish Reyes, from reyes, plural of rey (“king”).


Flores

Borrowed from Spanish Flores. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .


Castillo

Borrowed from Spanish Castillo, from castillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos . Doublet of kastilyo.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Castillo, common in the Philippines, widespread across Tagalog-speaking areas but most concentrated around Metro Manila, Batangas, Laguna, Bulacan and Cavite.

A barangay of Padre Garcia, Batangas, Philippines


Ramos

Borrowed from Spanish Ramos, from ramos, plural of ramo (“branch”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Fidel Valdez Ramos

Fidel Ramos (11th President of the Philippines)

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Ramos

Ramos (a municipality of Tarlac, Philippines)


Villanueva

tl-proper noun

Villanueva (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜏᜒᜊ)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜏᜒᜊ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Villanueva.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .
* (municipality): Named after a Mexican general with the surname (full name unknown).

Misamis Oriental
Misamis Oriental#English

Villanueva (a municipality of Misamis Oriental, Philippines)


Aguilar

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León

Borrowed from Spanish Aguilar.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .
* (municipality): Named after Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León, 56th Governor-General of the Philippines.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aguilar, common in Metro Manila, Cavite and Nueva Ecija

Aguilar (a municipality of Pangasinan, Philippines)


Mendoza

Borrowed from Spanish Mendoza, from Basque Mendoza. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Mendoza, the 5th commonest in the Philippines, widespread across the Tagalog-speaking regions, but most widely concentrated in Batangas, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro provinces


Blanco

Borrowed from Spanish Blanco, from blanco (“white”), originally a nickname for a light-skinned man. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the nickname], common in Metro Manila, Rizal and Cavite


kulto

tl-noun

kulto or kultó (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

kulto (canonical)
kultó (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

religious worship, ceremony, or service (especially non-Catholic services)


bonete

Borrowed from Spanish bonete, from French bonnet.

(colloquial) anything resembling a bonnet (hat) in shape or use


biko

Borrowed from Hokkien 米糕 (bí-ko, “rice cake”).


alulod

rain gutter; water trough (usually under an eave or along the lower edge of a roof)


sentral

sentrál (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


dukado

Sa isang dukado ng Albanyang s'yudad, doon ko nakita ang unang liwanag, yaring katauha'y utang kong tinanggap, sa Duke Briseo na ama kong liyag!

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Pinagdaanang Buhay ni Florante at ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya


Kenji

tl-proper noun

Kenji or Kenjì (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)

Kenji (canonical)
Kenjì (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˈkɛn̪.d͡ʒɪ]

[ˈkɛn̪.d͡ʒɪʔ]

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese けんじ (Kenji).


Hong

Borrowed from Mandarin 洪 (Hóng). Doublet of Ang and Hung.

a Chinese Filipino surname from Mandarin


Hisashi

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese ひさし (Hisashi).


laang

ᜎᜀᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
Bataan (dialectal)
Bulacan (dialectal)
Rizal (dialectal)
Tagalog (Southern dialectal)


moryon

someone who makes a vow during Holy Week in Marinduque who wears a painted mask and a Roman costume

(mineralogy) morion (mineral); smoky quartz


sugal

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish jugar (“to play”). Doublet of huwego.


Zenaida

[zɛˈn̪aɪ̯.d̪ɐ]

[sɛˈn̪aɪ̯.d̪ɐ]


baang

Mahabang lubha ang baang mo.


suro

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *suduq (“spoon; ladle”). Compare Bikol Central suro, Tausug suru', and Malay sudu.


Midori

[mɪˈd̪oː.ɾɪ]


Magno

Borrowed from Spanish Magno, from magno (“great”), from Latin magnus.

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by


korse

Borrowed from Spanish corsé (“corset”), from French corset.


Cadiz

Borrowed from Spanish Cádiz. The city in Negros Occidental is named after the city in Andalusia, Spain.

Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental#English

Cadiz (a city in Negros Occidental, Philippines)

Cadiz (a city, the provincial capital of Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain)


anasan

[ˌʔaːˈn̪aː.sɐn̪]


Wee

Borrowed from English Wee, from Hokkien 黃／黄 (Ûiⁿ) or 魏 (Gūi). Doublet of Ng, Uy, Wong, Hwang, and Huang.


siki

in a tight or embarrassing situation; driven into a corner


siki

overcrowdedness; lack of space (causing inability to move freely)

inability to move freely due to getting close to someone


eskrima

Borrowed from Spanish esgrima (“fencing”), with the /ɡ/ devoiced following an unvoiced consonant /s/, from Italian scrima, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmijan.

bor+

eskrima (national martial art of the Philippines)


pinakbet

pinakbét (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜃ᜔ᜊᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Ilocano pinakbet (“vegetable dish”), contracted form of pinakebbet (“shrunk; shriveled”), from pa- + kebbet + -in-. The dish is made of vegetables that shrink and wrinkle when cooked.


Ma

a Chinese Filipino surname from Cantonese


kompromiso

tl-noun

kompromiso (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

obligation; responsibility; pledge; commitment


arkitekto

arkitekto (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish arquitecto (“architect”), from Latin architectus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn).


anakronismo

tl-noun

anakronismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish anacronismo, from New Latin anachronismus, from Ancient Greek ἀναχρονισμός (anakhronismós).

der

ἀναχρονισμός


-nin

tl-verb

-nin (verb-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

talo (“defeat”) + -nin → talunin (“(transitive) to defeat”)

kuha (“take”) + -nin → kunin (“(transitive) to get”)


nuno

Compare Kapampangan nunu and Malay nenek.


nuno

(folklore, mythology) goblin in Philippine folklore believed to live in anthills


yasak

crushed or destroyed by passersby (of plants in a field or farm)


yasak

act or manner of destroying plants in a field or farm by trampling or passing through it


katsot

[kɐˈt͡ʃot̪̚]


tabletas

Borrowed from Spanish tabletas, plural of tableta (“tablet”).


Isa

Borrowed from Arabic عِيسَى (ʕīsā). Compare Tausug Īsa and Malay Isa.


kaagaw

[kɐˈʔaː.ɣaʊ̯]

Si Pedro ang kaagaw niya.


lablab

noisy manner of hurried eating (as of dogs and pigs)


lablab

roasting on an open fire (of meat, fish, etc.)


lablab

roasted over an open fire (of meat, fish, etc.)


tanim

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tanəm (“to plant”), from Proto-Austronesian *CaNəm (“to plant, to bury”). Compare Aklanon tanom, Bikol Central tanom, Cebuano tanom, Chamorro tanom, Hawaiian kanu (“to bury; to plant”), Kapampangan tanam, Malay tanam, Samoan tanu (“to bury”), and Tausug tanum.
Compare Japanese 種(たね) (tane, “seed”).

inh

(figurative) act of harboring a grudge or ill feeling


tanim

planted by someone (of a plant, as opposed to a plant that sprouted on its own)


Bong

From Spanish Bonito + -ng. Spanish bonito is a diminutive of Spanish bueno (“good”).

a diminutive of the male given names Bonito or Bonifacio


giba

From Proto-Philippine *ʀəbaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀəbaq. Compare Ilocano rebba, Pangasinan geba, Bikol Central gaba, Cebuano guba, Waray-Waray guba, Agusan Manobo goba, and Malay rebah.


giba

demolished; fallen down; destroyed; wrecked


sapatos

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”). Doublet of patos.

Ano ang kulay ng iyong sapatos?


hunos

tl-noun

hunos or hunós (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

hunos (canonical)
hunós (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hunus / *huñus, from Proto-Austronesian *SuNus. Compare Malay hunus.

shedding; molting (of reptiles and crustaceans)

(obsolete) act of picking out something placed among other


hunos

From Proto-Philippine *húnus. Compare Ilocano unos.

contribution or levy for support (of an institution)


suporta

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English support. See also Spanish soporte.

pseudo-loan

support for someone's stand or proposition


sibo

attack by a large fish on a shoal of small fish


operasyon

tl-noun

operasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

operasyón (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish operación, from Latin operātiō.

operation (manner of functioning of a machine)

state of being operative, predominant, or prevalent

management; administration (of business)

(surgery) operation (surgical procedure)

(computing, logic, mathematics) operation (generating a value from one or more other values)

(military) operation (military campaign)


imik

act of starting conversation with whom one has not been on speaking terms for sometime


ingkong

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引公 (ín-kong), recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as "ìncóng", or 咉公 (ńg-kong). Compare Indonesian engkong.


neutralidad

neutralidád (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

neutralidád (canonical)
ᜈᜒᜌᜓᜆ᜔ᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[n̪ɛ.ʊ.t̪ɾɐ.lɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


sepulturero

sepulturero (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜉᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


Mahoma

Borrowed from Spanish Mahoma, from Andalusian Arabic مَحُمَّدْ (“Maḥummad”), ultimately deriving from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad, “praised, commendable, laudable”).


tsugi

Supposedly onomatopoeic from the sound of a knife stab. See also Japanese 次(つぎ) (tsugi, literally “next”).

(slang) fired; dismissed (from a job, office, etc.)


pinya

tl-noun

pinyá or pinya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ)

pinyá (canonical)
pinya (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish piña, from Latin pīnea.


mema

From blend of may + ma-, as in may masabi lang (“just to say something”) or may magawa lang (“just to do something”).

Magpasa ka ng sanaysay kahit mema lang.

having a quality barely thought or efforted upon; so-so


insidente

insidente (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.sɪˈd̪ɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


lababo

Borrowed from Spanish lavabo (“washbasin”), from Latin lavābō.


senyora

tl-noun

senyora (masculine senyor, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ)

(archaic) term of endearment for one's wife

(derogatory, colloquial) woman that hates work; undesirable mistress


pumili

ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
pili (root)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (root)
actor (focus)
kapipili (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ (completive formal past past-recent)
pumili (formal imperative)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (formal imperative)
pili (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (formal imperative)
kakapili (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜒᜎᜒ (completive informal past past-recent)
pumili (imperative informal)
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ (imperative informal)
pili (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

pumili

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ
pungmili¹
ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜎᜒ

pumipili
ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
pungmipili¹
 ᜉᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
napili²
ᜈ ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

pipili
 ᜉᜒᜉᜒᜎᜒ
mapili²
ᜋ ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

pumili
 ᜉᜓᜋᜒᜎᜒ
pili²
ᜉᜒᜎᜒ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


senyor

tl-noun

senyór (feminine senyora, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔)

senyór (canonical)
senyora (feminine)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish señor, from Old Spanish sennor (“lord”), from Vulgar Latin *senjor (“master, elder, lord, nobleman”), from Latin seniōrem (“elder”).

der

(derogatory, colloquial) false gentleman


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


dangan

[ˈd̪aː.ŋɐn̪]


Kano

tl-noun

Kanô (feminine Kana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜓ)

Kanô (canonical)
Kana (feminine)
ᜃᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

... SA CLARK HELD" Kakailanganing mahigit na 30 "bababuyingdamo" sapaligid ng mga kampo rito ng mga Kano upang magi- sing sa katotohanang ang mga Pilipino na may nalalabi pang pagkamakabay an sa kanilang diwa't damdamin.

Nang masakop daw ng Amerika ang Pilipinas, sabi ni Judge Proto, ang pagtatag ng mga eskwela publika* ang isa sa mga unang bagay na sinikap ng mga Kano. Sa Maynila unang nagbu— kas ng mga paaralan ang mga Aınerikano at saka ...

1968, Jean Donald Bowen, Babasahing Panggitnang Baytang Sa Tagalog, University of California Press, page 171

Ang panahon ay nagsisimula sa World War II, sa pakikipagtulungan ng mga Kano sa mga kaalyado nito laban sa mga pasistang Aleman at Hapon ( nabanggit ang Philippines). Magpapatuloy ang kuwento sa iba't ibang lugar ng giyera — sa ...

A male American; a male person from the United States

an ethnic white or caucasian-looking foreigner, usually of European descent with light-coloured skin, especially from the United States or by extension, Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or etc.


hawi

act of pushing away to clear up a passage (of tall grass, weeds, people, etc.)

path made by pushing away to clear up a passage

line formed by combing hair in opposite directions

act of opening curtains by pushing or pulling them to one side


hawi

pushed aside to clear up a passage (of tall grass, weeds, people, etc.)


bida

Borrowed from Spanish vida (“life”) with semantic shift. Doublet of bira.

protagonist; main character (of a story)


hita

Compare Bikol Central hita (“groin”), Cebuano hita (“groin”), and Kapampangan ita.


hita

unsatisfactory result; disappointing gain or advantage (from a well-intentioned act)


pornograpiya

pornograpiya (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ)

ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜓᜄ᜔ᜇᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Tatalakayin ng sanaysay na ito ang inaakala kong di-pantay na pagtutumbas sa konsepto ng sining at konsepto ng pornograpiya — na ang mga ito ay nagkakaroon lamang ng katumbasan kung pumapaloob sa diskusyon ngburgis na civil ...

2001, Roland B. Tolentino, Sa loob at labas ng mall kong sawi kaliluha'y siyang nangyayaring hari: ang pagkatuto at pagtatanghal ng kulturang popular

mga bagay tulad ng pornograpiya sa isang nag-iisip o thinking soeiety. Kaya nga , sa aking palagay, hindi makatarungan ang pagpoposisyon sa sining bilang kabiyak ng pornograpiya. Ang usapin ng produksyon ng sining ay usapin ng ...

2004, Rolando B. Tolentino, Si Darna, ang mahal na Birhen ng Peñafrancia, at si Pepsi Paloma

Sa bill ni Nikki laban sa pornograpiya, ang porno ay krimen sa karapatang-tao ng kababaihan. Si Nikki rin ang nagsampa ng dalawang panukalang-batas para ikonscrba ang kalikasan o pagbabalanse ng mundo. Iminungkahi niya ang ...


daig

From Proto-Philippine *daʔəg (“to win/defeat”). Compare Ilocano daeg, Pangasinan daeg, Kapampangan deg, Asi raog, Bikol Central daog, Cebuano daog, Western Bukidnon Manobo daag, Maranao rag, and Tausug daug.


daig

surpassing; excelling (over something or someone)


daig

[ˈd̪aː.ʔɪɡ̚]

live embers covered with ash or rice husk (to prevent them from dying out)


namnam

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamñam, from Proto-Austronesian *ñamñam (“tasty, delicious”). Compare Ilocano nanam, Maranao ta'am, Tausug namnam, and Malay nyamnyam.


kibla

Ang kibla ng mga Muslim ay ang Kaaba na itinayo ng ama ng mga Propeta na si Ibrahim.

The qibla of the Muslims is the Kaaba which was built by the father of Prophets who is Ibrahim.

qibla (direction in which Muslims face while praying)


Zhang

Borrowed from Mandarin 張／张 (Zhāng). Doublet of Tiu.


untos

decrease; diminution; lessening (of intensity)


araro

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish arado. Compare Cebuano daro.


loob

now dialectal, Batangas, Mindoro, Quezon, alternative

From Proto-Philippine *luqub (“inside area, estuary”). Compare Ilocano luob, Pangasinan loob, Sambali loob, Kapampangan lub, Bikol Central luob, and Cebuano luob.

inh

ang taong walang kibo, nasa loob ang kulo

(obsolete) bowels; core; essence (used in expressions)

Magloloob ka ng gayon?

Hindi ko loob iyan.


adorador

adoradór (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜓᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪o.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish adorador (“adorer”), from Latin adōrātōrem.


inay

Pupunta po ako sa simbahan, Inay.


katekista

Borrowed from Spanish catequista, from Late Latin catēchista, from Ancient Greek κατηχιστής (katēkhistḗs, “oral instructor”).


krisma

Borrowed from Spanish crisma, from Late Latin chrisma, from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “anointing; unction”).


tse

tse! (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
LGBT (slang)

Onomatopoeic from the sound of spitting. See also English ptui. Also possibly from clipping of letse, from Spanish leche (“milk; semen (euphemism)”), according to Zorc (1993).

exclamation of irritation, disgust, contempt, or rejection


tse

(historical) Alternative spelling of che


hambo

hambó (canonical)
ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊᜓ (Baybayin)
Marinduque (Batangas)

Possibly related to Sanskrit अम्बु (ambu, “water”).


lamesa

Borrowed from Spanish la mesa (“the table”). Compare lagwerta, lakwatsa, lamyerda, and lawulta.

bor+

¿Saán itinatágo mo yaóng librong ibinigáy co sa iyo? iniuan co sa báhay, doón inilagay co sa ibábao nang lamesa;

1878, Toribio Minguella y Arnedo, Ensayo de gramatica hispano-tagala, page 119

Where did you hide that book that I gave you? I left it at home, there I put it on the table.


matso

Borrowed from Spanish macho, from Vulgar Latin masclus, contracted form of Latin masculus (“male”).

(mechanics) male part of any mechanical or electrical contrivance


-ay

tl-noun

-ay (noun-forming suffix, proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜌ᜔)

female equivalent of -oy: used to form diminutive forms of feminine nouns and female given names


moske

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English mosque, from French mosquée, from Italian moschea, from Spanish mezquita. Doublet of meskita.


barera

Borrowed from Spanish barrera (“barrier”).


hira

Borrowed from Spanish girar (“to turn”).

confused; puzzled; perplexed; distracted


hira

sudden distraction or confusion of the mind


hira

(meteorology) decrease in water; subsidence of a flood


Henson

Possibly from Hokkien 玄孫／玄孙 (hiân-sun, “great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Henson. Compare Tagalog Guanzon.

der

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


tamburin

tamburín (canonical)
ᜆᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English tambourine, but several source indicate it to be from Spanish tamborín.


eskolar

Borrowed from Spanish escolar, from Late Latin scholāris, from Latin schola. Doublet of iskolar.

scholar (learned or knowledgeable person)


hilis

act of pressing out with the fingers (as of the contents of a tube, intestine, etc.)

small cut or slice shaped like a parallelogram (or with two slanting sides)


inuman

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.mɐn̪]

From inom + -an. Compare Cebuano imnan and Tausug inuman.

place for drinking alcoholic drinks (such as a bar)