Leo

Borrowed from Spanish Leo, from Latin leō (“lion”), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn).


poon

Possibly from either of the following:
* From Proto-Philippine *puqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun. Compare Ilocano puon (“tree; source”), Kapampangan pun (“tree; leader”), Bikol Central puon (“tree; leader”), Western Subanon poon (“leader”), and its possible metathesis and doublet puno (“tree; leader”).
* From contraction of panginoon.


Ñ

tl-letter

Ñ (upper case, lower case ñ, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜌᜒ)

The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called enye and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called eñe and written in the Latin script.


C

C (upper case, lower case c, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish C. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English C.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish C.

The third letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called si and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The third letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ce and written in the Latin script.


adonis

[ʔɐˈd̪oː.n̪ɪs]

Borrowed from Spanish adonis. See more at Adonis.


trinidad

trinidád (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɾɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish trinidad, from Latin trinitās.


F

F (upper case, lower case f, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜉ᜔)

(more native-sounding) -ep (letter name, Filipino alphabet)

(more native-sounding) -epe (letter name, Abecedario)

Borrowed from Spanish F. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English F.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish F.

The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ef and written in the Latin script.


F

F (upper case, lower case f, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜉᜒ)

(historical) The seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called efe and written in the Latin script.


Vera

Borrowed from English Vera, from Russian Ве́ра (Véra).


(obsolete) Used to indicate that a vowel must be pronounced separately from the previous consonant such as in gabï (gab-i), butö (but-o)


korea

Borrowed from Spanish correa, from Latin corrigia (“shoelace”).

belt (strap or band in a machine used to transfer power or motion)

rope in the pulley of a sewing machine and other machines; machine belting


sinamay

coarse abaca fabric used for lining and stiffening clothes (especially women's skirts)


B

B (upper case, lower case b, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish B. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English B.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish B.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜊ (ba).

The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called bi and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called be and written in the Latin script.


B

B (upper case, lower case b, Baybayin spelling ᜊ)

The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ba and written in the Latin script.


prend

Borrowed from English friend, from Middle English frend, freend, from Old English frēond.

Hoy prend! Kumusta?


D

D (upper case, lower case d, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish D. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English D.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish D.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).

The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called di and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called de and written in the Latin script.


D

D (upper case, lower case d, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called da and written in the Latin script.


E

E (upper case, lower case e, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

Borrowed from Spanish E. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English E.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish E.

The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.

The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called e and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called e and written in the Latin script.


cu

Borrowed from Spanish cu, the Spanish name of the letter Q/q.

the name of the Latin-script letter Q/q, in the Abecedario


hilo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hilu (“poison”).


mali

Compare Malay mali (“Leea indica”) and Malay mali-mali (“Leea angulata”).


L

tl-letter

L (upper case, lower case l, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish L. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English L.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜎ (la).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish L.

The twelfth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called el and written in the Latin script.


L

L (upper case, lower case l, Baybayin spelling ᜎ)

The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called la and written in the Latin script.


L

L (upper case, lower case l, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒ)

(historical) The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ele and written in the Latin script.


Sun

From Hokkien 孫／孙 (Sun) and Mandarin 孫／孙 (Sūn).


Latin

(colloquial) any incomprehensible language


paki

Ano'ng paki mo?


oleo

Borrowed from Spanish óleo, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”).


Lunes

Borrowed from Spanish lunes (“Monday”), from Latin dīēs Lūnae (“day of the Moon”).


ipa

chaff of rice grain (obtained by pounding)


usa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀsa (cf. Dupaningan Agta ogsa, Eastern Bontoc ogsa, Ilocano ugsa, Malay rusa, Mansaka osa, Toba Batak ursa, Yogad utta). Also possibly from Sanskrit ऋश्य (ṛśya, “antelope”), via Malay rusa.


chola

tl-noun

chola (masculine cholo, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ)

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish chola, feminine of cholo. Possibly popularized via Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories where cholos were featured.

female hipster, street gang member, or somebody with similar characteristics


linggo

(obsolete) attendance of a mass (every Sunday)


tupi

From Proto-Philippine *tupiq. Compare lupi and yupi.


San

San (feminine Santa, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish San, an apocopic form of Santo.

title used with the name of the male saints aside from Tomas, Tome, Domingo, and Toribio: Saint; St.


Emily

[ˌʔɛː.mɪˈli]


G

tl-letter

G (upper case, lower case g, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish G. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English G.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜄ (ga).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish G.

The seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dyi and written in the Latin script.


G

G (upper case, lower case g, Baybayin spelling ᜄ)

The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ga and written in the Latin script.


G

G (upper case, lower case g, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)

(historical) The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ge and written in the Latin script.


G

Pupunta kami sa Intramuros ngayon. G?

We'll be going to Intramuros today. You in?

Pupunta kayo sa Intramuros ngayon? G! Sama ako!

You'll be going to Intramuros today? Game! I'll join.

(slang) a signal that the speaker is interested or ready to be part of an activity: game!; ready!


preso

Borrowed from Spanish preso, from Vulgar Latin prēnsus, from Latin prehēnsus.


Samantha

Borrowed from English, of uncertain origin.

a female given name from English, popular in the Philippines since the 1990s or 2000s


kina

Ang awiting ito ay para kina papa at mama.

This song is for (my) father and (my) mother.

Used to mark oblique cases of personal nouns


H

H (upper case, lower case h, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish H. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English H.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜑ (ha).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish H.

The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called eyts and written in the Latin script.


H

H (upper case, lower case h, Baybayin spelling ᜑ)

The seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ha and written in the Latin script.


H

H (upper case, lower case h, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)

(historical) The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called hache and written in the Latin script.


J

J (upper case, lower case j, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜌ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish J. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English J.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish J.

The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dyey and written in the Latin script.


J

J (upper case, lower case j, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜆ)

(historical) The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called jota and written in the Latin script.


bali

Compare Bikol Central bari, Cebuano bali, and Hiligaynon bali.

break of an elongated object (such as pencils, sticks, etc.)


bali

broken (of elongated objects such as pencils, sticks, etc.)


bali

medium-sized granary basket made of woven bamboo splits


nais

Ang nais ko ay ang pag-ibig mo.


N

N (upper case, lower case n, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish N. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English N.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish N.

The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called en and written in the Latin script.


N

N (upper case, lower case n, Baybayin spelling ᜈ)

The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called na and written in the Latin script.


N

N (upper case, lower case n, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜒ)

(historical) The sixteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ene and written in the Latin script.


badminton

tl-noun

bádmintón or badmintón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

bádmintón (canonical)
badmintón (canonical)
ᜊᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


mo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu (2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb).

inh

second person singular possessive adjective; your


R

tl-letter

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish R. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English R.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜇ (da/ra).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish R.

The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ar and written in the Latin script.


R

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜇ)

The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ra and written in the Latin script.


R

R (upper case, lower case r, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒ)

(historical) The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ere and written in the Latin script.


K

K (upper case, lower case k, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜌ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish K. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English K.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish K.
The use of ⟨K⟩ instead of using the Spanish-based ⟨C⟩ and ⟨Q⟩ was promoted in the late 19th century primarily by the educated (such as José Rizal and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera) because of the Baybayin character primarily being applicable to all vowels, as well as the ease of usage with Tagalog grammar rules. Its order in the Abakada alphabet was due to the order of the similar sounding ⟨C⟩ in the Spanish alphabet.

The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called key and written in the Latin script.


K

K (upper case, lower case k, Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

The third letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ka and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The twelfth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ka and written in the Latin script.


Y

Y (upper case, lower case y, Baybayin spelling ᜏᜌ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish Y. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English Y.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜌ (ya).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish Y.

The twenty-seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called way and written in the Latin script.


Y

Y (upper case, lower case y, Baybayin spelling ᜌ)

The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ya and written in the Latin script.


Y

Y (upper case, lower case y, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜒ)

(historical) The twenty-seventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ye and written in the Latin script.


W

W (upper case, lower case w, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜊᜓᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from English W. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English W.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜏ (wa).
Formerly, the letter U was used to represent /w/ in the Spanish-based orthography.

The twenty-fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dobolyu and written in the Latin script.


W

W (upper case, lower case w, Baybayin spelling ᜏ)

The nineteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called wa and written in the Latin script.


V

V (upper case, lower case v, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish V. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English V.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish V.

The twenty-fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called vi and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The twenty-fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ve and written in the Latin script.


M

M (upper case, lower case m, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish M. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English M.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜋ (ma).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish M.

The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called em and written in the Latin script.


M

M (upper case, lower case m, Baybayin spelling ᜋ)

The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ma and written in the Latin script.


M

M (upper case, lower case m, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋᜒ)

(historical) The fifteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called eme and written in the Latin script.


O

O (upper case, lower case o, Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

Borrowed from Spanish O. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English O.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (u).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish O.

The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.

The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called o and written in the Latin script.


P

P (upper case, lower case p, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish P. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English P.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜉ (pa).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish P.

The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called pi and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The nineteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called pe and written in the Latin script.


P

P (upper case, lower case p, Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called pa and written in the Latin script.


T

T (upper case, lower case t, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish T. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English T.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish T.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜆ (ta).

The twenty-second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ti and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The twenty-third letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called te and written in the Latin script.


T

T (upper case, lower case t, Baybayin spelling ᜆ)

The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ta and written in the Latin script.


Z

Z (upper case, lower case z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish Z. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English Z.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish Z.

The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called zi and written in the Latin script.


Z

Z (upper case, lower case z, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜆ)

(historical) The twenty-eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called zeta and written in the Latin script.


Abel

Borrowed from Spanish Abel, from Latin Abel, from Ancient Greek Ἅβελ (Hábel), from Biblical Hebrew הֶבֶל (heḇel, “breath, vapor; vanity”).

der

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Abel


Hongkong

Hongkóng (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


saksa

very abundant; plentiful; more than enough (as of goods in a market)


U

tl-letter

U (upper case, lower case u, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish U. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English U.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜂ (u).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish U.

The twenty-third letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called yu and written in the Latin script.


U

U (upper case, lower case u, Baybayin spelling ᜂ)

The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called u and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The twenty-fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called u and written in the Latin script.


barker

public transportation
public transportation

barker that calls out passengers at a public transportation terminal


taas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *atas (compare Aklanon taas, Cebuano taas, Hiligaynon taas, and Malay atas), from Proto-Austronesian *aCas.

height (distance from the base of something to the top)

height; stature (of a standing person, animal, etc.)

(figurative) aloftness; highness (of a person when dealing with others)

Nasa taas pa siya.


planeta

[plɐˈn̪ɛː.t̪ɐ]

Paano naglalakbay ang mga planeta sa kalawakan?

1998, Batayang Heograpiya, Goodwill Trading Co., Inc., page 9


Geraldine

tl-proper noun

Géraldíne (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜇᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔)

Géraldíne (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜇᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd͡ʒɛː.ɾɐlˈd̪in̪]


S

tl-letter

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish S. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English S.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish S.

The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called es and written in the Latin script.


S

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

The sixteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called sa and written in the Latin script.


S

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐᜒ)

(historical) The twenty-second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ese and written in the Latin script.


hindi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hədiq, also may be analyzed as hin- + di. Compare Tagalog di, Hiligaynon indi, Ilocano di, Isnag addi, Maranao di', Northern Subanen ndi, Tausug di' and Cebuano di/dili.

inh+

“Gumagawa kayo ng istorya. Nao-offend ako for Frankie. Hindi man siya kasingganda ng ate KC niya, natural hindi naman matinee idol ang tatay niya. Pero iba naman ang ganda niya,” she added.

2020, “‘WAG NIYO SILANG PAG-AWAYIN: Sharon Cuneta breaks down after bashers compared physical looks of daughters KC, Frankie”, in The Filipino Times

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tawhid

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic تَوْحِيد (tawḥīd).

ubor

tawhid (central Islamic doctrine of God's divine unity)


nene

[ˈn̪ɛː.n̪ɛʔ]

Possibly a native word or borrowed from Spanish nene (“young child; kid; kiddo; baby; babe”). See also Japanese ねんね (nenne, “childish person (esp. a young woman); baby”).

ncog

(endearing) appellation for a little girl


suhur

suhur (predawn meal before Islamic fasting)


masjid

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid). Doublet of mansigit and meskita.


shahada

[ʃɐˈhaː.d̪ɐ]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic شَهَادَة (šahāda, “witnessing”).


hadith

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “prophetic tradition”).


Q

tl-letter

Q (upper case, lower case q, Baybayin spelling ᜃ᜔ᜌᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish Q. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English Q.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish Q.

The nineteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called kyu and written in the Latin script.


Q

Q (upper case, lower case q, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓ)

(historical) The twentieth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called cu and written in the Latin script.


iftar

Borrowed from Arabic إِفْطَار (ʔifṭār, “breaking of fasting”).


Allahu akbar

tl-head

Allahu akbár (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜑᜓ ᜀᜃ᜔ᜊᜇ᜔)

Allahu akbár (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜑᜓ ᜀᜃ᜔ᜊᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌlaː.hʊ ʔɐkˈbaɾ]

Borrowed from Arabic اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر (allāhu ʔakbar).

bor+

اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر


ummah

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic أُمَّة (ʔumma), possibly via English ummah.


adhan

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic أَذَان (ʔaḏān).


sira

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siraq (“to split open”). Compare Kapampangan sira. Possibly also from Sanskrit छिद्र (chidra, “hole, opening, defect, flaw”). Compare Malay cedera.


hijab

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic حِجَاب (ḥijāb, “veil”).


NPA

[ˌʔɛm pɪ ˈʔeɪ̯]


Ramadan

Borrowed from Arabic رَمَضَان (ramaḍān).

Ramadan (holy ninth month of Islamic calendar)


GI

[ˈd͡ʒi ʔaɪ̯]

Initialism originally from English GI (“nickname for U.S. military personnel”). The words to the initialism was later jokingly perceived as "Genuine Intsik", from English genuine + Tagalog Intsik (“Chinese”).

compound

Ang lalim ng Chinese (vocabulary) ng GI na nakilala ko, at di kami nagkaintindihan kahit sabay kaming gumagamit ng Mandarin.

The Chinese (vocabulary), used by the GI I met, was quite deep, and we couldn't understand each other even though we were both using Mandarin.

Initialism of Genuine Intsik (Chinese) (any ethnic Chinese person in the Philippines described to be profoundly Chinese in behavior, speech, demeanor, or likeness, especially those born and raised in China or Taiwan.)


Guillermo

tl-proper noun

Guillermo (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


zakat

zakat (almsgiving in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property, which is used for charitable purposes)


Arabia

Borrowed from Spanish Arabia, from Latin Arabia, from Ancient Greek Ἀραβία (Arabía).

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (The region within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


Ashley

a female given name from English, of 2000s and later Philippines usage


Andora

[ʔɐn̪ˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


LL

tl-letter

LL (upper case, lower case ll, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎ᜔ᜌᜒ)

(historical) The fourteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called elle and written in the Latin script.


emir

Borrowed from Spanish emir (“emir”), from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr).


Ma.

Abbreviation of Maria, usually where used with another given name (in both male and female names)


binibini

Borrowed from Brunei Malay bini-bini (“woman”). Compare Cebuano binibini, Old Cebuano beni beni, and Malay bini.

bor+

Bigay sa akin ng isang binibini doon.


I

tl-letter

I (upper case, lower case i, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish I. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English I.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish I.

The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ay and written in the Latin script.


I

I (upper case, lower case i, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called i and written in the Latin script.


salat

running of one's hand or fingers lightly over a surface (as in searching for something)

(figurative) personal opinion or judgement (on someone's ability, character, etc.)


Medina

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)

Misamis Oriental
Misamis Oriental#English

Medina (a municipality of Misamis Oriental, Philippines)


amas

From Classical Malay emas (“a masha of gold”), from Sanskrit माष (māṣa, “bean, the weight of a bean's size of gold”).

der

a weight of gold that is 1/16th of a tael, approximately 2.5 grams


Andrade

[ʔɐn̪ˈd̪ɾaː.d̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish Andrade, from Galician Andrade.


Aristoteles

tl-proper noun

Aristótelés (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Aristótelés (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜆᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɾɪsˌt̪oː.t̪ɛˈlɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Aristóteles, from Latin Aristotelēs from Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).

a male given name, equivalent to English Aristotle


talon

Compare Malay terjun (“to dive, to jump from a high place”) and Malay turun (“descend; fall”).

cog

(gambling) a kind of bet in the game sakla


talon

Borrowed from Spanish talón (“heel; check”), from Latin talo, from talus (“ankle; heel”).

bor+

stub (of a check, receipt, voucher, etc.)


ch

tl-letter

ch (lower case, upper case CH, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒ)

The fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called che and written in the Latin script.


haya

sheaf of cut stalks of grain laid temporarily on the ground after harvesting


gets

From English get + -s, an ellipsis of English get it, which usage may have been influenced or reinforced by Tagalog kuha (“get; grab; take”).

Hindi nila gets.


gets

Ah, Oo nga. Gets!

(slang) Used by the speaker to indicate comprehension: understood!


domino

tl-noun

dominó or dóminó (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜓ)

dominó (canonical)
dóminó (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish dominó, from French domino, from Medieval Latin domino, oblique case of dominus (“lord, master”).

a kind of cloak with wide sleeves, hood, and mask (worn at masquerades)


Nihongo

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese Nihongo, the romaji of 日本語(にほんご) (nihongo).


iho

tl-noun

iho (feminine iha, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish hijo (“son”), from Old Spanish fijo, from Latin filius.

(endearing) term of endearment for a boy by an older person


iki

(folklore) nocturnal, winged creature of a batlike appearance with a long thread-like sucker tongue (said to suck blood from the soles of the feet of women in childbirth)


lundo

condition of being slack (of tightropes, etc.)


malware

Unadapted borrowing from English malware. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

(computing) malware (software developed to harm a computer system)


sabat

design interwoven crosswise on mats, fabrics, cloth, and the like


sabat

Compare Cebuano sabat and Hiligaynon sabat.

butting in; meddling (into someone talking in a conversation)

sudden interruption or cutting across someone's way

small wooden or metal pin, bar, or stick (used as a bolt for securing joints, gates, doors, windows, etc.)

dowel; peg or a piece of wood, etc., to fit into a corresponding hole on another piece of wood


saat

hook-like projection attached at one end of a pole, used for pulling or hooking something

barb (as of a hook, harpoon, arrow, etc.)


talas

perceptiveness; keenness; sharpness (of one's sight, hearing, etc.)


talas

cutting off of palm leaves from the palm rib, fronds from the palm leaf, or thorns or small twigs from a branch


talas

removed; cut off (of fronds, thorns, twigs, etc.)


arpa

arpa (canonical)
arpá (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish arpa (“harp”), from Late Latin harpa.


lato

lató (canonical)
latô (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *latuq (“edible seaweed sp.”). Compare Cebuano lato, Waray-Waray lato, and Malay latuh.

inh+

Caulerpa lentillifera
Wikispecies:Caulerpa lentillifera

Caulerpa racemosa
Wikispecies:Caulerpa racemosa

sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera or Caulerpa racemosa)


bote

Clipping of botelya, from Spanish botella, from French bouteille, from Late Latin butticula.


bote

Borrowed from Spanish bote, from Middle English bot, from Old English bāt (“boat”).


muna

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *um-unah (“go first”). Equivalent to apheresis of um- + una. Alternatively, possibly from ma- + una.

inh

Puwede bang tumayo ka muna?

Teka muna.

for a while; for a moment; for the time being; a minute (when the nature of the anticipated change is not expressed)

Bago siya mag-aral ng leksiyon, nagbabasa muna siya ng diyaryo.

Before he studies his lessons, he reads newspapers first.

first (when the nature of the anticipated change is expressed or clearly implied)

Huwag ka munang kumain.

Huwag muna tayong umalis.

yet (used after negative imperatives and hortatives)


muna

tl-verb

muna (complete nuna, progressive nununa, contemplative uuna, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ)

nuna (completive)
nununa (progressive)
uuna (contemplative)
ᜋᜓᜈ (Baybayin)

Muna ka na.

Alternative form of umuna: to go first; to go ahead


lagom

gathering of things together; collection


bodega

→ Tausug: buriga

[boˈd̪ɛː.ɣɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish bodega, from Latin apothēca, from Ancient Greek ἀποθήκη (apothḗkē, “storehouse”). Doublet of botika.


tae

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Compare Ilocano takki, Malagasy tay, Malay tahi, Palauan dach, and Samoan tae.

(vulgar, offensive) shit; objectionable person


tae

(vulgar) expression of worry, failure, shock, displeasure, surprise, etc.: shit!


tae

prone to frequent defecation (of a person)


ef

Borrowed from English ef, the English name of the letter F/f.

the name of the Latin-script letter F/f, in the Filipino alphabet


aktor

Borrowed from Spanish actor, from Latin āctor.


Kolombiya

Kolómbiyá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Colombia (“Colombia”).


tagal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tagal (“duration of time, time period”). Compare Brunei Malay setagal.

inh

Sa tagal niyon, hindi na tayo makakakain!

Because of how long he's taking, we're never gonna eat anything!


miso

Borrowed from Japanese 味噌(みそ) (miso). Manuel (1948) surmises Hokkien though. Compare Taiwanese Hokkien 味噌 (mí-soh) which is also from Japanese. See also Taiwanese Hokkien 味素 (bī-sò͘, “monosodium glutamate”).

ncog

miso (usually for thickening soups and sauces or mixed with sinigang or pesa)


kato

blood-sucking mite or tick that commonly infects animals like horses or cows

(figurative) spurt of mischief or naughtiness


bigote

[bɪˈɣoː.t̪ɛ]

Mahaba ang kanyang bigote.


pitsa

Borrowed from English pizza, from Neapolitan pizza (1590), the Neapolitan dialectal form of Byzantine Greek πίτα (píta, “cake, pie”).


damit

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *damít (“cloth; clothing”). Compare Ivatan lamit, Hanunoo ramit, Asi yamit, Masbatenyo yamit, and Mansaka damit.

inh+

Bumili ni Jose ng bagong damit.


puta

(derogatory, vulgar) term of abuse: bitch


puta

(vulgar, derogatory, colloquial) said in dismay or discontent.


magna

Ellipsis of Latin magna cum laude (“with great praise”).


abandona

Borrowed from Spanish abandonar, from French abandonner.


setenta

[sɛˈt̪ɛn̪.t̪ɐ]


setenta

[sɛˈt̪ɛn̪.t̪ɐ]


sina

siná (canonical)
sina (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

Nandiyan na sina Pedro at Juan.

(colloquial) plural direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people


iri

push (act of tensing the muscles of the abdomen in order to expel its contents such as when giving childbirth or defecating)


iri

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-di (“that, there”).

inh

Ano ba iri?


koro

Borrowed from Spanish coro, from Latin chorus, from Ancient Greek χορός (khorós).

choir; chorus (group of singers performing together)

(music) chorus (part of a song repeated between verses)

(architecture) choir (part of a church for choir assembly)


Ethel

a female given name from English [in turn from Old English]


lugar

Borrowed from Spanish lugar. Doublet of lokal.


ey

Borrowed from English ay, the English name of the letter A/a.

the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Filipino alphabet


pako

Athyrium esculentum
Wikispecies:Athyrium esculentum

type of fern, can be served as vegetable and often found near rivers or creeks (Athyrium esculentum)


kosta

Borrowed from Spanish costa, from Galician costa or Catalan costa.


gera

Borrowed from Spanish guierra, from Early Medieval Latin werra, from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).


helikopter

tl-noun

helikopter (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔)

ᜑᜒᜎᜒᜃᜓᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


tuta

[ˈt̪uː.t̪ɐʔ]

(colloquial, derogatory) lackey; lap dog


reyna

Borrowed from Spanish reina (“queen”), from Old Spanish reyna, from Latin rēgīna.

(by extension) important woman in an event (such as in a festival, party, etc.)

(biology) queen (reproductive female insect in a hive)


tribunal

tribunál (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


hali

halî (canonical)
halí (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ari (“come”). Compare Ilocano ay, Tuwali Ifugao ali, Bikol Central hali, Hiligaynon ari, Tausug kari, and Malay mari.

Hali ka dini.


bara

From Spanish barrar (“to mud”) or Spanish varar (“to strand”).


bara

unit of length measuring about 33 inches

measuring stick or tape measure of such a length


kultura

Borrowed from Spanish cultura (“culture”).


a

tl-letter

a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜌ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish a. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English a.
* Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜀ (a).
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish a.

The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ey and written in the Latin script.


a

a (lower case, upper case A, Baybayin spelling ᜀ)

The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called a and written in the Latin script.

(historical) The first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called a and written in the Latin script.


a

the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abakada alphabet

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter A/a, in the Abecedario


a

A! Kailan namatay ang iyong ina?

ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise

oh (expression of understanding or realization)


a

Alternative form of ha (sentence-ending particle)


Palestina

Borrowed from Spanish Palestina, from Latin Palaestīna, from Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē), from Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (p'léshet, “Philistia, land of the Philistines”).

der

...mayaman, ay namatay sa Habana nang nakaraang tagaraw, sa sakit na dibdib. Ang mamumuhunang ito'y iniwang magmamana sa kanya ang binatang konde ng Sokoro, na dumating kagabi sa Londres, matapos makapaglibot sa Palestina at doon tutuloy sa kanyang palasyo sa Rusell Square.

1919, M. Ibo Alfaro, Rosendo Ignacio, Ang Búhay ay pagibig Volume 6


Palestina

female equivalent of Palestino: female Palestinian


haro

Borrowed from Spanish jarro. Compare English jar. Doublet of saro.


ramen

Borrowed from Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), from Mandarin 拉麵／拉面 (lāmiàn, “pulled noodles”).


tinta

tl-noun

tinta or tintá (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ)

tinta (canonical)
tintá (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tinta, from Latin tincta. Compare English tint. Doublet of tina.

ink (used in writing, drawing, printing, etc.)


goto

Borrowed from Hokkien 牛肚 (gû-tǒ͘, “beef tripe”). The sense “beef tripe and rice gruel” is an ellipsis of Spanish arroz caldo con goto (“broth rice with beef tripes”). Compare Indonesian soto.

bor+

goto (Filipino beef tripe and rice gruel)


konsenti

konsentí (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish consentir, from Latin cōnsentīre. Doublet of konsento.

act of tolerating or condoning acts that are not supposed to be done


taka

feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


taka

having a feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


taka

imprint; stamped impression (from a seal or stamp)


taka

bamboo sticks placed at angles over green sprouts of the rice plant


Madagaskar

Madagaskár (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜄᜐ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Madagascar (“Madagascar”).

Ito'y itlog ng isang ibon na kilala sa tawag na epyornis na namumugad sa Madagaskar. Ang ibong ito'y unti-unti nang nawala buhat nang ang Madagaskar ay pamayanan ng mga tao.

1962, José Rizal, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


SB

Batsilyer sa Siyensiya
Batsilyer sa Siyensiya#Tagalog

Initialism of Batsilyer sa Siyensiya. BS; BSc


puto bumbong

tl-noun

puto bumbóng (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜆᜓ ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜅ᜔)

puto bumbóng (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜆᜓ ᜊᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From puto (“steamed rice cake”) + bumbong (“bamboo cylindrical container”). Compare Indonesian putu bumbung.

compound

puto bumbong (Filipino purple rice cake steamed in bamboo tubes)


galapong

Compare Bikol Central ginalpong and Ilocano galapon.


pares

Borrowed from Spanish pares, plural of par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”).


kingpin

(transport) axis where which steered wheels pivot; bolt that holds the pivot in place

most important person in an undertaking or organization


daw

Marunong daw siya.

indicates something said by another person or group: so they say; according to people; according to an aforementioned person


halo-halo

tl-noun

halò-halò or haló-halò (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ)

halò-halò (canonical)
haló-halò (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜓᜑᜎᜓ (Baybayin)


sus

From a minced oath clipping of Hesus, from Spanish Jesús.


ligo

From Proto-Austronesian *diʀus (“bathe”). Compare Ilocano digos, Ibanag zigu, Bikol Central karigos, Cebuano digo / ligo, Tausug ligu', Malay dirus / irus, and Javanese ꦲꦢꦸꦱ꧀ (adus).


ligo

having the habit of taking a bath very often


sandal

Borrowed from Malay sandar, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sandəʀ (“lean on or against”). Doublet of salig and sandig. See also sunday.

inh

leaning position; reclining position (on something)

something placed in a reclining or leaning position against something

(figurative) dependence; reliance (on someone for support)


Nando

Clipping of Fernando or Hernando, from Spanish.

a diminutive of the male given names Fernando or Hernando


Fernando

a surname originating as a patronymic deriving from the given name, or from


puri

From Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā, “worship”) via Old Javanese or Malay puji.


amoy

(figurative) act of finding out something by secret means


bibimbap

bíbimbáp (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


BI

From Philippine English BI, from an initialism of bad influence.

Gaya ng sabi ko last time. Maganda 'yong may accountability partner ka or writing buddy para may magre-remind sa iyo sa goals mo as a writer. Someone na hindi ka ibi-BI (bad influence)

2021, Emerald Blake, Tara, Sulat Tayo Volume 1, Ukiyoto Publishing, page 93

Like I said last time. It will be great if you have an accountability partner or writing buddy so that someone can remind you of your goals as a writer. Someone who will not BI (bad influence) you.

"No! Hindi kita kaibigan. Pahamak ka, eh. Ikaw ang totoong BI." Bad Influence. "Ikaw ang nagpapahamak sa'kin. Hindi ko alam kung bakit ka ganyan pero ayoko nang alamin. Just... stay away from me."

2022, Rose Tan, Time After Time, Precious Pages Corporation

"No! You're not my friend. You're a danger, eh. You are the true BI." Bad Influence. "You are the one endangering me. I don't know why you are like that but I don't want to know. Just... stay away from me."

bad influence (something or someone that teaches others to do wrong or encourages wrong actions and thoughts by example)


watashi

Borrowed from Japanese 私(わたし) (watashi).

Maganda si watashi.


demanda

Borrowed from Spanish demanda, from demandar.


basilika

Borrowed from Spanish basílica (“basilica”).


semestre

ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish semestre, from Latin semestris (“six months”), from sex (“six”) + mensis (“month”).


maya

From Proto-Philippine *máya (“rice bird, small bird found in rice fields”). Alternatively, from Sanskrit माया (māyā, “illusion”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).

inh

Eurasian tree sparrow
Eurasian tree sparrow

Passer montanus
Passer montanus#Translingual


maya

The original term has become obsolete. However recent usage is due to clipping of mamaya.
Pardo de Tavera (1887) posits it to come from Sanskrit समय (samaya, “appointed or proper time, right moment for doing anything, opportunity, occasion, time, season”) with the first syllable mistaken as the sa- prefix, hence later elided. Compare Javanese ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone; to delay”), Old Javanese samaya, Indonesian semaya. See also samaya.


naku

Univerbation of ina (“mother”) + ko (“my”).

univ

an exclamation expressing surprise, wonder, fear, pain, etc.: oh my; my goodness


oportunidad

tl-noun

oportunidád (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

oportunidád (canonical)
ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish oportunidad, from Latin opportūnitātem.


identidad

identidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

identidád (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.d̪ɛn̪.t̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish identidad, from Latin identitās.


edad

Borrowed from Spanish edad, from Old Spanish edat, from Latin aetātem, accusative singular of aetās, from syncope of earlier aevitās.

Beynte anyos ang edad ko.

Bakit ayaw nating umamin ng edad natin?


parola

Borrowed from Spanish farola (“lamppost”), with semantic shift to lighthouse by conflation with faro.


seguridad

seguridád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄᜓᜇᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[sɛ.ɣʊ.ɾɪˈd̪ad̪̚]


bombero

(colloquial, vulgar) actor of an X-rated film


tratado

Tratado ng Paris


pasado

Borrowed from Spanish pasado, past participle of pasar. By surface analysis, pasa + -ado.

passed; qualified (successfully reaching or exceeding a set score, grade, or requirement in an examination or similar ordeal)


kometa

Borrowed from Spanish cometa, Latin comēta, from Ancient Greek κομήτης (komḗtēs, “longhaired”), referring to the tail of a comet, from κόμη (kómē, “hair”).


salida

rushing down a slope (of a vehicle, especially without the aid of an engine)

professional call (especially of a doctor)

(by extension) fee for a professional call

(gambling) money paid out to winners in excess of the winnings after each game


representante

tl-noun

representante (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


obispo

Borrowed from Spanish obispo (“bishop”).


maleta

[mɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish maleta (“suitcase”).


taburete

[t̪ɐ.bʊˈɾɛː.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish taburete, from French tabouret.

stool (seat without a backrest and armrest)


sirena

[sɪˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sirena, from Late Latin Sirēna, from Latin Sīrēn, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The third sense is an extension of the original, further popularized by the rap song Sirena.

Ligaya Tiamson Rubin, may mga kuwento ang mga taga- Angono tungkol sa mga sirena na siyang nakikita sa isang malaking bato na umaawit at may mahabang gintong buhok. Kapag may dumarating na tao ay agad itong nawawala.

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, (Es) kultura ng bayan: Kakambal ng ibang mga bayan

Diego: 'Yun pong bahagi ng dagat ditong nilalabasan ng mga sirena. Galit daw po ang mga sirena sa mga tagarito. Ayon po kasi sa kuwentu-kuwento, noong unang panahon daw e pinakialaman ng mga mangingisda dito ang mga sirena ...

1993, Ricardo Lee, Salome: a Filipino filmscript, Univ of Wisconsin Center for

Sa kaharian nila Amelita... Sa kaharian ng mga Sirena...Nakaramdam ako ng kasiyahan. Si Lagrimas... Sana ay masaya siya saan man siya naroon.... Katapusan Si Robinson Mago ay isang Electronics and Communication Engineer na ...

2014, Robin Mago, Amelita, Robinson Mago

Natutuklasan nila sa mga libro ni Gaying na lahat ng mga taga-Angono ay nagiging bida, walang bandido, nagiging mga diwata, higante at mga sirena sa kanilang mahal na Angono. Nagkakaroon tuloy sila ng pakiramdam na sila man ay ...

2005, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Pagtatala ng gunita, panimulang dokumentasyon ng mga bayan sa Pilipinas

Darating na ang mga pulis sa ilang saglit.' Tama namang umalingawngaw ang mga sirena at dumating ang mga pulis. Binuksan ulit ng malaking lalaki ang pinto . Hinubad niya ang kanyang damit at kaswal na naglakad papunta sa harapan.

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation

(slang, derogatory) effeminate man; gay; male homosexual


asunto

Borrowed from Spanish asunto, from Latin assūmptus.


entrega

[ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɾɛː.ɣɐ]

delivery for safekeeping; handing over; conveyance

money received, earned or paid to as interest

(colloquial) rental money paid daily to the owner of a jeepney or taxi


hilera

Borrowed from Spanish hilera, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/.


aparador

[ʔɐ.pɐ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish aparador, from Late Latin apparātor (literally “preparer”).


estante

Borrowed from Spanish estante, from Latin stantem.


ministro

ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ministro, from Latin minister.

(Christianity) person trained to perform religious ceremonies

(government) politician who heads a ministry

minister
politician who heads a ministry


asa

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā). Compare Bikol Central asa, Malay asa, and Tamil ஆசை (ācai).


awa

Said to be from Sanskrit आवह् (āvah, “favor”).


ine

inê (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒ (Baybayin)
Bulacan (dialectal)


ihan

tl-verb

ihan (complete inihan, progressive iniihan, contemplative iihan, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜈ᜔)

inihan (completive)
iniihan (progressive)
iihan (contemplative)
ᜁᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


parlamento

tl-noun

párlaménto (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

párlaménto (canonical)
ᜉᜇ᜔ᜎᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


balda

baldá (canonical)
balda (canonical)
ᜊᜎ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)


realidad

realidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜌᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.ɐ.lɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish realidad, from Latin reālitās.


parada

[pɐˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


parada

Siyokoy word or pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English parade, from French parade, from Spanish parada. False friend of Spanish parada (“stop”). For the sense of "parade; organized procession", the correct Spanish is desfile.

tl-siyokoy word

[pɐˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


sorpresa

Borrowed from Spanish sorpresa, from French surprise.


ops

used to tell someone to refrain from doing something or continuing to do something: not so fast!


legalidad

legalidád (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜄᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


tenis

[ˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɪs]

Ultimately borrowed from English tennis.


empleado

tl-noun

empleado (feminine empleada, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ)

empleada (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜌᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish empleado (“employee”).


entrada

[ʔɛn̪ˈt̪ɾaː.d̪ɐ]

(colloquial) uncalled-for entry into a conversation


optimismo

tl-noun

optimismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


senado

Borrowed from Spanish senado, from Latin senātus.


mandato

Borrowed from Spanish mandato, from Latin mandātum.


Londres

ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


respeto

Borrowed from Spanish respeto (“respect”).


absolutismo

tl-noun

absolutismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


Eden

Borrowed from Spanish Edén, from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (éden).


ito

From Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu (“that”). Compare Bikol Central ito (“that”), Malagasy ito, Yami uitu, Malay itu (“that”).

this (near the speaker and the listener)


adepto

Borrowed from Spanish adepto, from Latin adeptus. The senses “adept” were semantic loans from English adept.


adepto

adept (one fully skilled or well versed in anything); expert; specialist


retirada

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


retirada

[ɾɛ.t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]

female equivalent of retirado: female retiree


pati

From Proto-Philippine *pati (“also, including”).


turista

Borrowed from Spanish turista (“tourist”), from English tourist.


milagro

Borrowed from Spanish milagro, from Old Spanish miraglo, miráclo, from Latin mīrāculum.


tono

accent; tone (in one's speech or dialect)

(literature) tone (manner in which speech or writing is expressed)

(linguistics) tone (pitch of a word that distinguishes meaning)

(photography) tone (favorable combination of lights in a picture)

(physiology) tone (definition and firmness of a muscle)

(colloquial) act of making an effort to be compatible with someone


luto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuq. Compare Ilocano luto, Mayoyao Ifugao lutu, Bikol Central luto, Cebuano luto, and Ngaju luntoh. The slang senses are an ellipsis of lutong makaw.

(slang) cheating; rigging (of a game, competition, election, etc.)


luto

(slang) rigged (of a game, competition, election, etc.)


luto

Borrowed from Spanish luto (“mourning”), from Latin lūctus.


dignidad

dignidád (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɪɡ.n̪ɪˈd̪ad̪̚]

Borrowed from Spanish dignidad (“dignity”).


argumento

tl-noun

argumento (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜄᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜄᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾ.ɡʊˈmɛn̪.t̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish argumento, from Latin argūmentum.


traidor

traidór (feminine traidora, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

traidór (canonical)
traidora (feminine)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish traidor (“traitor”).


traidor

[t̪ɾaɪ̯ˈd̪oɾ]


uo

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜂ, corresponding to "u" or "o"


postura

(colloquial) way of dress too formal or elaborate for the occasion


postura

(colloquial) dressed in a way too elaborate or formal for the occasion


golpe

Borrowed from Spanish golpe, from Old Spanish colpe, from Late Latin colpus, syncopation of *colŭpus, alteration of Latin colaphus, from Ancient Greek κόλαφος (kólaphos). Doublet of gulpi.

(gambling) first prize of money given to the owner of a gambling place


tumba

Borrowed from Spanish tumbar. Compare Cebuano tumba.


tumba

condition of having fallen down (from an upright position)


labi

Compare Kapampangan labi and Sambali labi, and possibly related to Bikol Central ngabil and Cebuano ngabil. Possibly derived from Spanish labio (“lips”), according to Lopez (1965). See also Persian لبی (labi, “labial”).

rim; edge of a container (as of a bowl, glass, cup, pitcher, etc.)


labi

labî (canonical)
labí (canonical)
ᜎᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *labiq. Compare Ilocano labi (“remnant”), Kapampangan labi (“excess”), and Malay lebih (“excess”).


inodoro

Borrowed from Spanish inodoro (“odorless”), from Latin inodōrus.


masa

Borrowed from Spanish masa, from Latin massa, from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza, “bread”).


masa

Borrowed from Malay masa, from Old Javanese masa, māsa (“time, time of day; season”, literally “month”), ultimately borrowed from Sanskrit मास (māsa). Compare Tausug masa.


masa

tl-verb

masa (complete nasa, progressive nanasa, contemplative babasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐ)

nasa (completive)
nanasa (progressive)
babasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜐ (Baybayin)

Apheretic form of bumasa (infinitive): to read


masa

masâ (complete nasa, progressive nanasa, contemplative babasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐ)

masâ (canonical)
nasa (completive)
nanasa (progressive)
babasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜐ (Baybayin)

Apheretic form of bumasa (infinitive): to make something wet


trono

Borrowed from Spanish trono, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos).


departamento

tl-noun

departamento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜇ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜉᜇ᜔ᜆᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


juts

From a clipping of jutay + -s (-suffix used in Tagalog slang), from Cebuano diyotay.

suffix

(slang, gay slang) not hung; having a small penis; not well-endowed


signo

Borrowed from Spanish signo. Doublet of signos.


turismo

Borrowed from Spanish turismo (“tourism”).


sagrado

tl-adj

sagrado (feminine sagrada, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜄ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish sagrado, from Latin sacrātus.


basar

Borrowed from Spanish bazar, from Persian بازار (bâzâr).


modelo

Borrowed from Spanish modelo. Doublet of model.


haba

From Greater Central Philippine *habaʔ (“long (object)”). Compare Ilocano akaba, Kapampangan kaba / aba, Hanunoo aba, Bikol Central laba, Aklanon haba, Hiligaynon laba, Tausug haba'. See also the coincidentally similar Japanese 幅(はば) (haba).


pintor

Borrowed from Spanish pintor, from Vulgar Latin *pinctor *pinctōrem, from Latin pictor.


ve

Borrowed from Spanish ve, the Spanish name of the letter V/v.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter V/v, in the Abecedario


instrumento

tl-noun

instrumento (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


mauna

tl-verb

mauna (complete nauna, progressive nauuna, contemplative mauuna, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜂᜈ)

nauna (completive)
nauuna (progressive)
mauuna (contemplative)
ᜋᜂᜈ (Baybayin)

[mɐˈʔuː.n̪ɐ]


gambol

condition of being badly bruised (as of fruits, a person, etc.)


trenta

[ˈt̪ɾɛn̪.t̪ɐ]

(colloquial) Alternative form of treynta


bala

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bajaq (“tell, inform; ask, inquire”).


bala

Possibly from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bala, *bara (“whatever, whichever”).


Miguel

Borrowed from Spanish Miguel, from Latin Michāēlem, from Ancient Greek Μῐχᾱήλ (Mikhāḗl), from the Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mikha'él, “Michael”, literally “Who is like God?”).


bomba

Borrowed from Spanish bomba. Compare English bombshell.

pump (device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas)

(colloquial, figurative) verbal attack; revelatory attack (usually in political speeches)

(colloquial, figurative) nude scene (of a show)

(colloquial, figurative) garden hose; water hose


bomba

(colloquial, figurative, vulgar) X-rated (of a film)


transporte

tl-noun

transporte (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

(uncommon) transport (ship or airplane used to carry men and supplies)


laot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Compare Aklanon eawod (“sea”), Bikol Central lawod, Cebuano lawod, Ilocano laud, Kapampangan laut, Sundanese ᮜᮅᮒ᮪ (laut), Urak Lawoi' ลาโวยจ (lawoc, “sea”), and Waray-Waray lawod.


mas

Borrowed from Spanish más, from Latin magis.

Mas malaki ako kumpara sa kaniya.

Mas mahal ang talong dito kumpara sa kabilang palengke.

The eggplant here is more expensive than the one on the other market.


ari

(possibly obsolete) act of having; possession

(obsolete) act of taking for oneself what is not owned

(obsolete) taking or considering something as good or bad

(obsolete) acceptability; possibility (no longer used on its own except in derived terms)


ari

Ari baga sa paa mo?


ari

arí (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
Mindoro (Batangas)
Marinduque (Batangas)

Ano ga ari?


ari

admiration of something in a mocking, frolicking, or taunting way


tasa

(cooking) cup; cupful (unit of measurement)


tasa

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish tajar (“to cut”).

bor+

act of sharpening (of something blunt, such as a blade, pencil, etc.)

sharpened point (of something previously blunt, such as a blade, pencil, etc.)


tasa

sharpened (of a pointed object that has become blunt)


tasa

act of assessing or appraising (the value for taxation purposes)

assessed value of a property; assessment

act of limiting to the minimum (as of expenses, supplies, etc.)

price fixed (for a certain product, commodity, etc.)


militar

Borrowed from Spanish militar, from Latin mīlitāris, from mīles (“soldier”).


bulgar

(colloquial) disclosure of something bad or irregular


gumi

weed that grows in cultivated fields and seedbeds


gumi

gumi (canonical)
gumí (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜋᜒ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gumi (“moustache, beard”). Compare Malay kumis.


pots

From clipping of English potassium + -s. Potassium has the symbol K after New Latin kalium. K is reinterpreted as English k, short for okay.

Pots! Pots! Papunta na ako!


santa

Borrowed from Spanish santa, feminine of santo.

feminine of santo: referring to an important figure, item, or event which had a feminine gender in Spanish: holy; sacred (used in certain expressions)


santa

feminine of santo: image or statue of a female saint


di-pangkaraniwan

tl-adj

dî-pangkaraniwan (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜇᜈᜒᜏᜈ᜔)

dî-pangkaraniwan (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜅ᜔ᜃᜇᜈᜒᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd̪iʔ pɐŋ.kɐ.ɾɐˈn̪iː.wɐn̪]

[ˌd̪iː pɐŋ.kɐ.ɾɐˈn̪iː.wɐn̪]


tama

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamaq (“appropriate, suitable; fit together; hit the mark”). Also possibly from Malay utama (“perfect”), ultimately from Sanskrit उत्तम (uttama, “excellent”).

inh

bato-bato sa langit, ang tamaan huwag magalit

fit; proper (of one's actions, decisions, etc.)


tama

right thing to do; morally good or proper act

wound caused by a hit or shot (of a bullet, arrow, etc.)


dama

Borrowed from Spanish dama (“lady, dame”).


doktor

tl-noun

doktór (feminine doktora, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

doktór (canonical)
doktora (feminine)
ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish doctor (“doctor”), from Latin doctor (“teacher”).


lodi

Backslang of English idol, coined in 2018.

“Lodi kita.” Natawa ako. “Nakita naman namin kung gaano mo siya kamahal, e,” dagdag ng babae.

idol; person that one reveres or respects; a respected individual


hala

used to express warning or threat for a wrongdoing: you're in trouble!


hala

referring to something based on what it looks like (while adding what it is)


kendo

Borrowed from Japanese 剣道(けんどー) (kendō), from Middle Chinese 劍 (kjæ̀m, “sword”) + 道 (dáu, “way”).


saray

shelf; compartment (of a bookcase, etc.)


imposible

tl-adj

imposible (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish imposible (“impossible”).


ipod

moving to the side a little (to give more space to the person sitting beside)


pinto

Borrowed from Brunei Malay pintu (cf. Bikol Central pinto).


tiramisu

Borrowed from Italian tiramisù (literally “pick-me-up”).


mago

Borrowed from Spanish mago, from Latin magus, from Ancient Greek μάγος (mágos).


menor

Borrowed from Spanish menor, from Latin minōrem.


menor

medium-rate acceleration (while driving a vehicle)


hache

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish hache, the Spanish name of the letter H/h. Doublet of eyts.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter H/h, in the Abecedario


ang

From Proto-Central Philippine *aŋ. Cognate with Bikol Central an, Cebuano ang, Hiligaynon ang, Waray-Waray an. See also Kapampangan ing and Tausug in.

Tumakbo ang lalaki.

Kinain ng pusa ang isda.

Ang kidlat ay gumuguhit ng mga ugat sa taniman ng langit.

(The) lightning sketches roots under the soil of the sky.

direct marker for all nouns other than personal proper nouns

Ang ganda!

Ang tapang!

How audacious! (literally, “The audacity!”)

used with a quality for emphasis and to give it an adjectival meaning


sharks

From English shark + -s. The Tagalog word for shark, pating, is then a clipping of patingin.


harmonika

harmóniká (canonical)
ᜑᜇ᜔ᜋᜓᜈᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish armónica, from English harmonica. The /h/ has been repronounced due to spelling and English influence.


elegante

[ʔɛ.lɛˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


salvage

ᜐᜎ᜔ᜊᜒᜌ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English salvage. Possibly semantically influenced by Spanish salvaje (“savage”). Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

unadapted borrowing

(colloquial, euphemistic) summary execution, extrajudicial killing


prostituta

tl-noun

prostituta (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜆᜓᜆ (Baybayin)


satin

Borrowed from Spanish satén, from French satin, from Arabic زَيْتُون (zaytūn, “Zayton; olive”). Doublet of aseytuna and aseytuno.


x

tl-letter

x (lower case, upper case X, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish x. Each pronunciation has a different source:
* Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English x.
* Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish x.

The twenty-sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called eks and written in the Latin script.


x

x (lower case, upper case X, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔)

(historical) The twenty-sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called equis or ekis and written in the Latin script.


ata

Alternative form of yata: may; perhaps; I think


kubo

From Proto-Philippine *kubu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kubu. Cognate with Ilocano kubo, Indonesian kubu and Malay kubu. Etymologically unrelated to Spanish cubo (“cube”), but the "cube" sense has mixed into the original meaning.

hut; shack; shanty (especially a cube-shaped, one-room, rural hut with a nipa or cogon grass roof and bamboo walls)


kubo

Borrowed from Spanish cubo (“cube”), from Latin cubus, from Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos).

cube (solid with six equal square sides)


Tiu

Borrowed from Hokkien 張／张 (Tiuⁿ). Doublet of Zhang and Tio. Compare Malaysian & Singaporean English Teo / Teoh.

Chris Tiu, basketball player and actor

a Chinese Filipino surname from Hokkien, most notably borne by:


magdala

tl-verb

magdalá (complete nagdala, progressive nagdadala, contemplative magdadala, 2nd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ)

magdalá (canonical)
nagdala (completive)
nagdadala (progressive)
magdadala (contemplative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ (Baybayin)
mag- (affix)
ᜋᜄ᜔ (affix)
dala (root)
ᜇᜎ (root)
actor (focus)
kadadala (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜇᜇᜎ (completive formal past past-recent)
kapagdadala (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜇᜎ (completive formal past past-recent)
magdala (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ (formal imperative)
kakadala (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜇᜎ (completive informal past past-recent)
kakapagdala (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapagdala (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ (completive informal past past-recent)
magdala (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

magdala

magdadala
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜇᜇᜎ
magadala¹
ᜋᜄᜇᜎ
gadala¹
ᜄᜇᜎ

kakadala
ᜃᜃᜇᜎ
kakapagdala
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ
kapapagdala
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜎ

Magdala ka ng pera.


bakla

effeminate man; womanish man; homosexual male


bakla

alarm; fear caused by sudden realization of danger


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish cazar (“to hunt”), from Late Latin captiāre (“to catch”).

(gambling) covering bet or acceptance of a bet


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish caza (“hunting; hunt”).


kasa

Borrowed from Spanish casa (“house”), from Latin casa (“cottage”).

auto shop; dealership; establishment; firm; commercial house


kasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit काच (kāca, “glass; crystal; quartz”). Compare Malay kaca.

bracelet of blue and green stones (commonly worn by women)


kasa

jumping of caught fish to get out of the net


tara

Tara, alisan na.


tara

tare (empty weight of a container, used to determine the weight of its contents)


tara

wedding gift given to equal the gift given by the other side to the newlyweds (either from the bride's or the groom's side)


Sugboanon

tl-noun

Sugboanon (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔)

ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Cebuano Sugboanon. Doublet of Sugbuhanin.


Sugboanon

ᜐᜓᜄ᜔ᜊᜓᜀᜈᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

pertaining to the people and culture of Cebu

pertaining to being a speaker of the Cebuano language


payong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ. Compare Malay payung. Also possibly from Hokkien 敗陽／败阳 (pāi-iông, “shade for the sun”), according to Manuel (1948).

cog

(by extension) swimming bell (of a jellyfish)


tuod

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *tuqəd (“tree stump; stubble”). Compare Isnag attud, Cebuano tuod, Waray-Waray tugod, Tboli tuhod, Balinese tuhed, and Gorontalo tuwodu.

inh+

stump; stub; large root (of a tree, tooth, etc.)


tuod

(obsolete) act of expressing something difficult to say

(obsolete) act of saying something unseen or alluding


Bisaya

tl-adj

Bisayà or Bisayâ (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜐᜌ)

Bisayà (canonical)
Bisayâ (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Cebuano Bisaya, of uncertain origin, possibly Sanskrit. Possibly related to Sanskrit विषय (viṣaya, “kingdom; dominion; region; territory; domain; realm”), according to Potet (2016). Compare Khmer វិស័យ (visay), Thai วิสัย (wí-sǎi), Pali visaya, Sabah Bisaya Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya Bisaya, Tatana Bisaya. Other theories include:
* From Old Malay Sri Vijaya (“Sri Vijaya”), from Sanskrit श्री विजय (śrī vijayá). During the 1950s to the 1960s, various authors have claimed that Bisaya is derived from Sri Vijaya, claiming the early settlers of Panay were either from Sri Vijaya or subjects of Sri Vijaya. However, linguist Eugene Verstraelen refutes these claims by pointing out that Vijaya would have been "Bidaya" or "Biraya". Compare Malay bisai, from Tamil விசை (vicai).
* From Sanskrit वैश्य (vaíśya) which would have been what Indian traders and/or pirates might have described the settlers of Panay.


Bisaya

Bisayan languages
Butuanon people
Cebu
Cebuano language
Cebuano people
Hiligaynon language
Hiligaynon people
Mindanao
Srivijaya
Surigaonon people
Tagalog language
Visayans
Visayas
Waray language
Waray people

Visayan (person from the Visayan region)


bandera

[bɐn̪ˈd̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish bandera. Doublet of bandila, an earlier borrowing. Compare Malay bendera.


buot

From Proto-Austronesian *buhət. Sense 1 is from a Cordilleran language. Compare Ilocano bukat (“rat”), Limos Kalinga buwot (“rat”), Batad Ifugao bu'at (“rat”), and Cebuano buot (“squirrel”) / puot (“cloud rat”).

cloud rat (especially the Northern Luzon giant cloud rat, Phloeomys pallidus)


dhikr

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic ذِكْر (ḏikr).

ubor

dhikr (an Islamic prayer whereby a phrase or expression of praise is repeated continually)


leeg

From Proto-Philippine *liqəʀ (cf. Bikol Central liog, Bolinao liey, Cebuano liog, Maguindanao lig, Maranao lig, Tausug liug), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *liqəʀ (cf. Malay leher, Hawaiian leo (“voice”), Maori reo (“voice; language”), Tetum lian (“voice; language”)), from Proto-Austronesian *liqəʀ (cf. Amis li'el).

part of a garment that covers or encircles the neck


kampang

characteristic swaying motion in walking


lilo

disloyal; unfaithful; traitorous; treacherous


cha

From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.


pari

From obsolescent variant pare, from Spanish padre, from Latin pater. Doublet of padre.


pari

Compare Kapampangan pari, Malay baji, Old Javanese paji, and Tamil வசி (vaci).

(obsolete) act of splitting wood with wedges


dara

angry shout (usually accompanied with the stamping of feet)


dara

name of the Baybayin letter ᜇ, corresponding to "da" or "ra"


sambal

crossing; junction of two roads or rivers


latigo

Dendrobium anosmum
Wikispecies:Dendrobium anosmum

purple rain, a species of orchid (Dendrobium anosmum)


adorable

Borrowed from Spanish adorable, from Latin adōrābilis.


tako

(sports, billiards, pool) cue; billiard stick


tabo

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tabuq. Compare Bikol Central tabo, Cebuano kabo, Malay cebok (“water dipper”), and Urak Lawoi' เจอบุ (cebuq, “to dip out water”).

cog

tabo (traditional hygiene tool shaped like a dipper or scoop usually made of plastic)

act of scooping water or liquid with such a tool

(historical) tabo (dipper made of coconut shell and bamboo)


ayuda

[ʔɐˈjuː.d̪ɐ]

aid; assistance; relief (usually relief aid)

welfare (financial aid given by the government to those in need of it)

something supplementing the lack of (such as powdered milk for babies besides mother's milk)


adenoma

[ʔɐ.d̪ɛˈn̪oː.mɐ]


-ista

tl-noun

-ista (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish -ista, from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

basketbol (“basketball”) + -ista → basketbolista (“basketball player”)

indicates one who practices a profession of the noun stem

seguro (“certainty”) + -ista → segurista (“cautious person; perfectionist”)

indicates one who follows certain principles or values


garing

Borrowed from Malay gading. Compare Tausug garing and Yakan garing.

garing:


obrero

[ʔobˈɾɛː.ɾo]


gana

inclination; liking; willingness to do something


sawing

small, wide-brimmed native straw hat usually made of palm leaves and the like (used especially by harvesters against the sun)


obra

Borrowed from Spanish obra. Doublet of ubra.


obra

Alternative form of ubrá (“bowel discharge after taking a laxative, purgative or enema”)


obra

Borrowed from Spanish obrar (“to work, to function”).


esgrima

[ʔɛsˈɡɾiː.mɐ]


babaylan

Borrowed from Cebuano babaylan, from Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balian (“shaman”). Compare Ilocano baglan, Kapampangan mamalian, Bikol Central balyan, Maranao waliyan, Malay belian, Central Dusun bobohizan, and Balinese ᬩᬮ᭄ᬬᬦ᭄ (balian).


Garcia

Borrowed from Spanish García, possibly of Basque origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish García, one of the commonest surnames in the Philippines


yapa

tastelessness; insipidity (of solid food)


pobre

Borrowed from Spanish pobre, from Latin pauper. Doublet of pulubi.


abrigo

[ʔɐˈbɾiː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigo (“overcoat”).


Gabrielle

Gabriélle (canonical)
ᜄᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English Gabrielle, from French Gabrielle.

a female given name from English [in turn from French]


Singh

From Hindi सिंघ (siṅgh, “lion”) or Punjabi ਸਿੰਘ (siṅgh, “lion”).

an Indian Filipino surname from Sanskrit, common among Sikhs and Punjabis


iwi

taking care of a domestic animal in behalf of the owner (while possibly getting half of its offspring as his share)

domestic animal taken care of in behalf of the owner

(by extension) rearing of a child; bringing up of children

(figurative) possession of talent, beauty, etc.


Chen

Borrowed from Mandarin 陳／陈 (Chén). Doublet of Tan and Chan.


Estonya

[ʔɛsˈt̪oː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Estonia (“Estonia”).

Ang Rusyang Sobyet ay langaw ring nangitlog sa Pinlandiya, sa Besasabya at sa tatlong bayang Baltiko: Litwanya, Latbia, at Estonya.

1998, Teodoro A. Agoncillo, Bahaghari't bulalakaw: katipunan ng mga sanaysay at mga pag-aaral


sultan

Either from Malay sultan or from Spanish sultán, ultimately from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).

sultan (hereditary ruler in various Muslim states)


Tausug

[t̪ɐ.ʔʊˈsuɡ̚]

Borrowed from Tausug Tausūg, from tau sūg (literally “people of the current”).


Yoshida

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 吉田 (Yoshida).

a Filipino-Japanese surname from Japanese


hiya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həyaq (c.f. Aklanon huya', Hiligaynon huya), from Proto-Austronesian *Səyaq (c.f. Paiwan siaq). Unrelated to Arabic حَيَاء (ḥayāʔ, “shame”).

Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa.

To a person that knows shame, a word is a vow.


hiya

Compare Cebuano hiya and English hiya/hi-yah.

used to get a horse or work animal to go faster: giddyup!


suga

fastening with a halter or tether (of an animal)


gora

Possibly from Basque gora, through colloquial Spanish.

(slang) to go (to a certain place or person)


okey

okey (canonical)
okéy (canonical)
ᜂᜃᜒᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


dolar

Alternative form of dolyar: dollar (currency)


habla

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish hablar. Attested in Fr. San Buenaventura's Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613). Doublet of abla and pabula, later borrowings.


sindi

Borrowed from Spanish encender, from Latin incendere.

lighting with fire (of candles, cigars, cigarettes, lamps, etc.)

(by extension) powering on some device or appliance


grasa

Borrowed from Spanish grasa, from Vulgar Latin *grassa, from Latin crassus.


tordo

thrush (a kind of bird, family Turdidae)


vigilante

tl-noun

vigilante (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English vigilante, from Spanish vigilante, from Latin vigilāns. Doublet of bihilante. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

ubor

a person suspected to be involved in extrajudicial killings in the drug war in the Philippines from 2016


Virgilio

ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜑᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Virgil


administrador

tl-noun

administradór (feminine administradora, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

administradór (canonical)
administradora (feminine)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish administrador, from Latin administrātōrem.


modus

Ellipsis of English modus operandi, from New Latin.


kailan

tl-pron

kailán (plural kai-kailan, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜁᜎᜈ᜔)

kailán (canonical)
kai-kailan (plural)
ᜃᜁᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


letra

style by which letters were made by hands


alat

From Proto-Philippine *aDat. Compare Ilocano adat (“bad taste”), Kapampangan alat (“saltiness”), Masbatenyo arat (“saltiness”), Aklanon aeat (“salty”), and Hiligaynon alat (“saltiness”). For the "unlucky" sense, compare Spanish salado (“unlucky (of a person)”, literally “salty”).

noncog

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


alat

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


alat

Backslang from tala (“star”), a reference to the star badges worn by police officers.

[ˈʔaː.lɐt̪̚]


dorado

Oligoplites saurus
Wikispecies:Oligoplites saurus

(zoology) leatherjacket fish (Oligoplites saurus)

Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus#Translingual

(zoology) dolphinfish; mahi-mahi fish (Coryphaena hippurus)


wa

shoo; used to drive away pigs and other animals

used to express surprise, dismay, or sometimes a joke


wa

said to make small children and babies laugh (usually said when playing peekaboo)


wa

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜏ (wa).

the name of the Latin-script letter W/w, in the Abakada alphabet


paso

From Proto-Philippine *pásuq (“to roast, broil; scald, sear, burn”). Compare Ivatan paso, Casiguran Dumagat Agta pasi, Itawit patu, Bikol Central paso, Agutaynen paso, and Tausug pasu'.


paso

act of being scalded or burned by any hot object


paso

Borrowed from Malay pasu, from Portuguese vaso, from Old Galician-Portuguese vaso, from Latin vāsum (“vessel; vase”).

pot, usually made of clay or porcelain, used for containing plants, food, or water


paso

Borrowed from Spanish paso, from Latin passus.


paso

sound to shoo (like for shooing chickens)


-ana

tl-noun

-ana (noun-forming suffix, adjective-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ◌ᜈ)

probinsiya (“province”) + -ana → probinsiyana (“female provincial”)

Korea (“Korea”) + -ana → Koreana (“female Korean”)

Amerika (“America”) + -ana → Amerikana (“female American”)

Italya (“Italy”) + -ana → Italyana (“female Italian”)

Cebu (“Cebu”) + -ana → Cebuana (“female person from Cebu”)

Bikol (“Bicol”) + -ana → Bikolana (“female person from Bikol region”)

Ilokos (“Ilocos”) + -ana → Ilokana (“female person from Ilocos region”)


tipo

Borrowed from Spanish tipo, from Latin typus (“figure; type”), from Ancient Greek τύπος (túpos, “mark”).

features; physical appearance; shape; form


tipo

broken at the base (of a tooth, branch, horn, etc.)

notched; dented (in the edge or rim of bladed tools, cups, plates, etc.)


tipo

notch; indentation (in the edge or rim of bladed tools, cups, plates, etc.)

breaking of the base (of a tooth, branch, horn, etc.)


toto

informal term of address for a small boy: boy; kid


toto

act of continuing the search for another

act of bringing something to another part

act of determining the origin or lineage


sapid

thick or sticky substance left adhering to the mouth of a container while pouring

sticking of a thick substance on the mouth of a container


tato

Borrowed from English tattoo, from a Polynesian language.


Amos

Borrowed from Spanish Amós, from Latin Amos, from Biblical Hebrew עמוס (Amos, “to carry; a burden”).


hito

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hituq. Compare Pangasinan ito, Kapampangan itu, Bikol Central hito, Cebuano hito, and Maranao ito.

inh+

Clarias batrachus
Wikispecies:Clarias batrachus

(ichthyology, specifically) walking catfish (Clarias batrachus)


pistola

Borrowed from Spanish pistola, from German Pistole, from Czech píšťala.


republika

repúbliká (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜊ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish república, from Latin rēspūblica, from rēs pūblica (“republic”, literally “[the] public thing”).


loka

(mildly derogatory) feminine of loko: insane; crazy; demented


loka

(mildly derogatory) female equivalent of loko: madwoman

(informal, colloquial, offensive) foolish or stupid person, especially one who is a female, effeminate man, or homosexual


patos

Early borrowing from Spanish zapatos, plural of zapato (“shoe”), with clipping. The first syllable may have been misinterpreted as the preposition sa (“in; on; at”). Doublet of sapatos.

Patusin mo itong patos.


peregrino

tl-noun

peregrino (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜓ)

ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

[pɛ.ɾɛɡˈɾiː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish peregrino (“pilgrim”).


trato

Masama ang trato ng ilang mga tao sa mga babae.

The treatment of some people towards women is bad.

treatment; regard (for someone, especially of a lower rank in society)

(colloquial) act of making an offer (to buy something)


papaya

Borrowed from Spanish papaya, from Lokono papáia. Compare Pangasinan apayas and Kapampangan kapaya.


Meka

Borrowed from Spanish La Meca, later on from English Mecca, ultimately from Arabic مَكَّة (makka). Possible doublet of Maka.

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


torpe

(colloquial) too shy to express one's romantic feelings


lana

Borrowed from Spanish lana (“wool”), from Latin lāna.


parang

From Proto-Philippine *padaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *padaŋ (“uncultivated field, open grassland”).


importante

tl-adj

importante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


basted

Borrowed from English busted. First attested in late 1960s.

Minsan ay walang shorts / tulo pa ang sipon / Masarap isiping / sana laging bata / Masaklap isipin / kung pigil ang laya, / Nang ikaw'y lumaki / bihis ka nang bihis / At pasok nang pasok / pero laging basted

1997, Roberto Ofanda Umil, Oda sa kaldero at iba pang tula

Parang kagat ni Drakula. 'Pag kinagat ka, Drakula ka na rin. At least, ikaw, basted ka ke Sylvia. Me pag-asa ka pa. CYRIL. ...Pag-asa..? CHERRY. Puwede ka pang makatakas. Lumayo. Ma'ligtas... (Hahagikhik sa sarili.) CLARITA. (Kay NONA.) ...

Baka wala ka pa sa first base, basted ka na. Sabik ang maraming dalaga na magpaligaw dahil naaaffirm ang pagkababae nila. Humahaba ang hair. Tumataas ang self-esteem. Feeling Disney princess dahil may prince charming na nakapansin ...

2014, Ronald Molmisa, Lovestruck: Sakit Edition, OMF Literature

(slang) turned down in a romantic relationship; rejected by a romantic interest (especially in unrequited love)

(slang) flat broke (especially after gambling)


penge

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


golpe de estado

tl-noun

golpe de estado (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ)

ᜄᜓᜎ᜔ᜉᜒ ᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


pana

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq. Compare Malay panah.


pantalon

pantalón (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜎᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish pantalón, from French pantalon, from Italian Pantalone; a character from the commedia dell'arte whose hose were portrayed as being down around his feet.


lugas

fallen off (of hair, teeth, feathers, etc.)

threshed; beaten out from stalks (of grain)


lugas

falling off (of hair, teeth, feathers, etc.)

pounding, grinding, or milling into grits (of grain)


arat

[ˈʔaː.ɾɐt̪̚]


baston

Borrowed from Spanish bastón, from Old French baston, probably from Vulgar Latin *bastō, *bastōnis. Doublet of baton.

(colloquial) act of hitting someone with a cane

a style of trouser cut in which the legs gradually narrow at the lower end


baston

with the legs tapering down the lower end (of trousers)


kundi

Univerbation of kung (“if”) + di (“not”).

univerbation

Walang natira kundi siya.


kundi

(Marinduque, conjunctive) so; then; in that case


piga

→ Kapampangan: piga

From Proto-Philippine *pəʀəq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pəʀəq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəʀəq (“to squeeze out juice”). Compare Kapampangan apia, Bikol Central puga, Cebuano puga, Malay perah, and Chamorro fugo'.

inh

squeezing out of fluid from an object (such as squeezing out juice from fruit, or wringing out water from clothes)


hari

Borrowed from Old Javanese haji. Compare Bikol Central hadi, Cebuano hari, Cuyunon adi, Ilocano ari, Mansaka ari, Waray-Waray hadi, and Malay aji; and distantly Maori ariki.

(colloquial) champion (in a sport, etc.)


busa

continuous popping or bursting sound (as caused by continuous, rapid gunfire)

act of roasting cereals to make them pop or burst (such as corn, rice, etc.)


busa

loud disputation with mild reproach; angry quarrel with abusive words


taga

Possibly from Proto-Austronesian *taʀaq (“hewing with an adze”). Compare Cebuano taga and Malay tarah.

big cut or wound inflicted by a large knife, bolo, cutlass, etc.; slash; gash

act of hacking or stabbing (with a large knife, bolo, cutlass, etc.)

(figurative, colloquial) overpriced price

(figurative, colloquial) commission; fee on merchandise

(figurative, colloquial) exploitation of someone else's money


harap

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)

actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)


tanda

[t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aʔ]

Possibly a borrowing from Old Javanese taṇḍa or Modern Javanese ꦠꦤ꧀ꦝ (tandha), where it referred to a military ensign. Compare Bikol Central tanda, Cebuano tanda, and Malay tanda.

act of remembering; act of retaining one's memory


tanda

shift; turn; rotation (in one's work, performance, etc.)


tatu

tatú (canonical)
tatû (canonical)
ᜆᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tenedor

[t̪ɛ.n̪ɛˈd̪oɾ]

[t̪ɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tenedor (“fork; holder”).


pasa

Borrowed from Spanish pasa, an inflection of pasar.

passed; qualified (successfully reaching or exceeding a set score, grade, or requirement in an examination or similar ordeal)


pasa

pass (a single movement, especially of a hand, at, over or along anything)

(medicine) bellyband; abdominal band; girdle (worn by babies to protect the navel)


kuha

kuha (canonical)
kuhà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜑ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central Philippine *kúha(ʔ) (“to get; to take”). Compare Bikol Central kua, Cebuano kuha, Kapampangan kua, Maranao kowa, and Tausug kawaꞌ. According to Zorc (2021), it might be from Proto-Austronesian *kuSa (“work”) with semantic reassignment. Compare Kavalan kuway (“to work in the field”) and Isnag kuwa (“to work”).

take; grab; act of getting (as with one's hand)

Maganda ang kuha mo sa akin.

capture; shot; snap; taking (of a picture)

(by extension) act of stealing something


kuha

gotten the hang of something; managed to learn to handle something

having inherited certain features (as from one's parents)


kuha

similar to the original (as of a picture or drawing)


kanto

Borrowed from Spanish canto, from Latin cantus (“metal rim of a wheel”), of Celtic origin.

corner, especially the intersection of two streets


muta

From Proto-Philippine *mutaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mutəq (“gummy secretion of the eyes”). Compare Ilocano muta, Bikol Central muta, Agutaynen metek, Cebuano muta, Hiligaynon muta, Northern Kankanay bota, Tboli mutok, Malagasy moty, and Nias mutõ.

inh

gound; mote; rheum or gummy secretion in the eyes


muta

Alternative spelling of mutha (“a kind of grass”)


toka

Borrowed from Spanish toca, third-person singular of tocar (“to be someone's time or turn”).

act of assigning a kind of work or duty to someone


San Diego

tl-proper noun

San Diego (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜄᜓ)

[ˌsan̪ ˈd͡ʒɛː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish San Diego (“St. James”).

bor+

several locations in the Philippines named after St. James


kar

Borrowed from English car, from Middle English carre, from Anglo-Norman carre, from Old Northern French, from Latin carrus. Doublet of karo.


kari

Borrowed from English curry, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi). Doublet of karí (“cafeteria food”).


kari

Borrowed from Malay kari, from Tamil கறி (kaṟi). Doublet of kari (“curry”).

any ready-cooked dish served in a restaurant or eatery


bura

Borrowed from Spanish borrar (“to erase”).

vociferous outburst of anger or displeasure


bura

(dialectal, Batangas) Alternative form of boda


mulat

From Proto-Central Philippine *muklat (“to open eyes”). Compare Ilocano buragat (“eyes opened wide”) / mulagat (“wide-eyed”), Kapampangan mulikat (“open one's eyes”), Kapampangan mulat (“open the eyes”), Asi mukyat (“to open eyes”), Masbatenyo muklat (“open the eyes”), Bikol Central buklat (“opening one's eyes”), Aklanon mukeat (“to realize”), Cebuano buklat (“for the eyes to open”), Hiligaynon muklat (“to open the eyes”), Maranao borarat (“open eyes wide”), Tausug bulat (“eyes open”), and Javanese ꦩꦸꦭꦠ꧀ (mulat, “to look at; to see”).

cog

(figuratively) act of enlightening or educating someone


mulat

(figurative) enlightened; educated; trained; conscious; awakened


mulat

Aking mumulat-mulat, at kinuha mo.

act of owning something to be one's property


kusi

Borrowed from Spanish cocer, from Late Latin cocere, from Latin coquere.

engagement in a special culinary activity


tupa

Unknown. Possibly from Tamil ஆட்டுப்பட்டி (āṭṭuppaṭṭi, “flock of sheep”).

der

ஆட்டுப்பட்டி


tupa

press of the keys (of a typewriter, piano, etc.)


bila

bilâ (canonical)
bilà (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilaq (“part split off”). Compare Maranao bila' (“brittleness; crispness”), Malay bilah (“thin strip or lath”) and Javanese ꦮꦶꦭꦃ (wilah, “long thin stick”).

cog

bamboo splits fastened horizontally along the length of a bamboo fence to reinforce it


Gemma

Borrowed from English Gemma, from Latin gemma.


hanga

Hanga ako sa kanyang pagpapakumbaba.

(literally, “I am filled with admiration to his humility.”)


hanga

Pittosporum resiniferum
w:Pittosporum resiniferum


pili

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pili(h). Compare Hiligaynon pili, Waray-Waray pili, Cebuano pili, Bikol Central pili, Hanunoo pili, Ibanag pili, and Iban empili.


pili

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *piliq. Compare Tausug pī' and Malay pilih.


tribu

Borrowed from Spanish tribu, from Latin tribus.

(anthropology) tribe (society larger than a band)


pesa

Clipping of Hokkien 白煠魚／白煠鱼 (pe̍h-sa̍h hî, literally “blanched / boiled fish”).

bor

fish boiled in rice with ginger and vegetables


sula

Ultimately from Sanskrit चूड (cūḍa, “crest; diadem”).

carbuncle; shiny, bright deep red gem (especially a garnet with a smooth, convex surface)

(pathology) carbuncle (inflamed swelling like a boil)

glow at the tip of the tongue of some nocturnal reptiles


sula

Ultimately from Sanskrit शूल (śūla, “lance; pike”). Compare Malay sula (“pointed stick”).


siga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siga (“spark, bright light”).

inh

fire made by burning garbage, weeds, etc.


okupa

act of occupying or residing (in a place)

act of occupying or filling (a space, container, mind, etc.)


Pangasinan

tl-proper noun

Pangasinán (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔)

Pangasinán (canonical)
ᜉᜅ᜔ᜄᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Pangasinán, from Pangasinan Pangasinan, from panag-asinan, from asin.

Pangasinan (a province of the Ilocos Region, Luzon, Philippines; capital: Lingayen; largest city: San Carlos)

the Pangasinense people predominant in Pangasinan and Tarlac


satay

Borrowed from English satay, from Malay sate, from Tamil சதை (catai, “flesh”). Compare Tausug satti.


litas

short cut on each lower side of a shirt, barong Tagalog, etc.

placket (small slits on a sewn material)


siil

oppressed; maltreated (by a ruler, superior, etc.)


siil

oppression; maltreatment (by a ruler, superior, etc.)

suppression; crushing (of people's rights, etc.)


kiri

siren (women who lures, tempts, or entices)


suki

Borrowed from Hokkien 主客 (chú-kheh, “regular customer or dealer”), as per Chan-Yap (1980). Cognates to Ilocano suki, Pangasinan suki, Bikol Central suki, Cebuano suki, and Tausug sukiꞌ. Compare Tagalog singki~Hokkien 新客 (sin-kheh), Tagalog Singson~Hokkien 曾孫／曾孙 (cheng-sun/tsing-sun), Tagalog sili~Spanish chili, Tagalog sitsirya~tsitsirya, Tagalog sinelas~tsinelas.

bor+

regular and long-standing customer or client (who may receive special treatment due to patronage)

(dialectal) regular vendor or dealer (which one buys from)


suki

cross-like support or prop placed inside houses

act of propping up or shoring up (something)


peseta

[pɛˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

(historical) former coin worth twenty centavos


sakal

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *cəkəl. Compare Malay cekal (“to seize; to clutch”).


Ignacio

[ʔɪɡˈn̪aː.ʃo]

Arnell Ignacio, Filipino game show host, comedian, actor, news anchor, and singer-songwriter.

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:


Jefferson

tl-proper noun

Jéffersón (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔)

Jéffersón (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜉᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd͡ʒɛː.fɛɾˈson̪]

[ˌd͡ʒɛː.pɛɾˈson̪]

a male given name from English [in turn transferred from the surname]


biga

bigà (canonical)
biga (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜄ (Baybayin)


biga

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual


biga

root of words meaning "glibness of the tongue", such as malabiga

root of words meaning "fault-finding habit", such as malabiga


eme

Borrowed from Spanish eme, the Spanish name of the letter M/m.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter M/m, in the Abecedario


eme

Possibly from Spanish eme (“M”), euphemism of mierda (“shit; crap”) by taking its first letter. Compare kiyeme. See also lamyerda, lakwatsa.

term used for any object whose actual name the speaker does not know or cannot remember: thingamajig; whatchamacallit; thingy; dingus


Asuncion

Asunción (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

Asunción (canonical)
ᜀᜐᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.sʊn̪ˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish Asunción, from asunción (“assumption (of Mary to heaven)”), in reference to the Our Lady of the Assumption (Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), a religious epithet for Mary.

a surname from Spanish, the 81st most common in the Philippines

A municipality of Davao del Norte, Philippines


aho

Borrowed from Spanish ajo, from Latin allium. Compare Cebuano ahos.


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”). Compare Kapampangan apu, Malayalam അപ്പൂപ്പൻ (appūppaṉ, “grandfather”), and Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).


Arabe

Arabé (canonical)
Arabe (canonical)
ᜀᜇᜊᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish árabe, from Latin Arabs, from Ancient Greek Ἄραψ (Áraps), from Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab).


Arabe

Arab (of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations)


San Jose

San José (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ ᜑᜓᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

several locations in the Philippines named after St. Joseph:

San Jose (a city in Nueva Ecija, Philippines)

San Jose (a municipality, the provincial capital of Antique, Philippines)

San Jose (a municipality of Batangas, Philippines)

San Jose (a municipality of Tarlac, Philippines)

San Jose (a municipality, the capital of the Dinagat Islands, Caraga, Philippines)

a Christian surname from Spanish, taken from the saint


bundok

→ English: boondock

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk. Compare Kapampangan bunduk.

(figurative) large pile; large heap (of something)


UNA

United Nationalist Alliance
w:United Nationalist Alliance


danas

experiencing; actual living through of an event


hubo

From Proto-Central Philippine *hubuʔ. Compare Cebuano hubo (“undress”), Hiligaynon hubu (“naked”), and Tausug hubu' (“bare; naked”).


hubo

state of being naked from the waist down


alak

Borrowed from Malay arak (“liquor”), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “arak”). Compare Bikol Central arak, Chamorro arak, and Ilocano arak.


i-

i- + bili (“buy”) → ibili (“to buy something for someone”)

Ibili mo ako ng saging.

benefactive trigger: to perform the action of the verb for someone or something (expresses various kinds of actions)

i- + tapon (“throw”) → itapon (“to throw”)

Itapon mo iyan sa basurahan.

object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing (expresses various kinds of actions)

i- + sulat (“write”) → isulat (“to use something for writing”)

Isulat mo ng listahan ang lapis.

instrumental trigger: to use something for a certain purpose (expresses various kinds of actions)


binti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bintiq (“calf-kicking contest”). Compare Isnag bitti (“smallest part of leg”), Maranao binti' (“kick; game”), Tausug binti' (“knee-bending game”), and Malay benteh (“kicking with calf-bone”).

inh

part of the leg between the knee and the ankle


kapal

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapal or Proto-Austronesian *kaS(ə)pal. Compare Indonesian kapal and Malay kapal.

Ang kapal talaga ng hayop na yun!

(colloquial, derogatory) Ellipsis of kapal ng mukha.


kapal

Unknown. Possibly related to etymology 1 or an apocope from Malay kepala (“head, source (metaphorical)”), from Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “head”).

bor

kapal na tinapay

kapal na pagkit


taon

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqun. Compare Ilocano tawen, Agutaynen takon, Maranao tahon / ta'on, Tausug tahun, Malay tahun, Malagasy taona, Maori tau, and Hawaiian kau (“season”). See also Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”).

chance happening; coincidence (especially in mataon and kataon)

act of doing something to coincide with another

(obsolete) act of being a go-between for admitting guests in one's house

Dili kita nagtaon niyong kamakailan.

The two of us did not come across each other recently.

(obsolete) encounter of two people at some place (especially by chance)

Saan mo nataunan siya? Nataunan ko sa bahay niya.

Where did you happen to find him? I found him at his home.

(obsolete) finding someone being looked for by chance


taon

(attack of) convulsion (especially in children and infants)


tawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tawa, from Proto-Austronesian *Cawa. Compare Malay tawa.


tinda

tl-noun

tindá or tinda (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ)

tindá (canonical)
tinda (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tienda, from Latin tendō. Compare English tent.

sale (act of selling goods or articles, as in a store or stall, especially by retail)


puno

From Proto-Philippine *pənuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pənuq, from Proto-Austronesian *pəNuq. Akin to Malay penuh.


puno

From Greater Central Philippine *punuq, metathesis of Proto-Philippine *puqun, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun (“base of a tree; cause; source, origin”). Compare Cebuano puno, Maranao pono'an, Tausug puun, and Malay pohon. Doublet of puhunan. See also poon. Possibly related to Hokkien 本 (pún, “source; origin; root; foundation”).


Santiago

Chinese Filipino
Guan Yu
James, brother of Jesus
Jose Rizal
St. James

Borrowed from Spanish Santiago (“St. James”).
The Guan Yu sense among Chinese Filipinos is due to a syncretic association of the said deified Chinese general with St. James, who are both known for their assertiveness and heroism, which non-Chinese and people like Jose Rizal during the 19th century first associated with and/or surmised the Chinese folk deities venerated by Chinese Filipinos on Chinese altars and prints with popular Christian or Muslim figures.

bor+

(biblical) James (book of the New Testament)

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English James

Several places in the Philippines named after St. James:

Santiago (a city in Isabela, Philippines)

Santiago (a municipality of Ilocos Sur, Philippines)

Santiago (a municipality of Surigao del Sur, Philippines)

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)

(Chinese Filipino, Chinese folk religion, Taoism) Guan Yu (160-220 AD)

Chinese Filipino; Chinese folk religion; Taoism; Chinese Filipino; Chinese folk religion; Taoism


nina

mga bisikleta nina Juan at Juana

possessive particle, used only with personal names

ergative marker used with personal names, equivalent of ng mga used with common nouns.


guya

Borrowed from Hokkien 牛仔 (gû-iá, “young calf”), with an obsolete form of the suffix. Compare kuya.

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


nangingitlog

tl-head

nangingitlóg (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜅᜒᜅᜒᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔)

nangingitlóg (canonical)
ᜈᜅᜒᜅᜒᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


nangitlog

nangitlóg (canonical)
ᜈᜅᜒᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


anislag

[ʔɐˈn̪is.lɐɡ̚]

Flueggea flexuosa, a tree endemic to the Philippines


bakal

From Proto-Philippine *bakal (“spear used in warfare,throw a spear at someone”). Compare Malay bakal (“raw material”).

inh

(slang) act of cheating money from someone


bakal

stave tipped with iron used in planting seed or seedlings

act of digging small holes in the ground with a stave for planting


bakal

planted in the manner of digging small holes in the ground (of seeds or seedlings)


boso

Borrowed from Spanish buzo (“diver”), from Portuguese búzio (“snail”), from Latin būcinum (“curved war trumpet”).