Avendaño

ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Avendaño, variant of Abendaño, of Basque origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Abendaño; later changed to Avendaño due to Spanish betacism.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Avendaño, mostly found in Bulacan


bangkilas

glimmer of the rays of the sun or moon on the sea (especially at dawn and at sunset)


Peñaflor

tl-proper noun

Peñaflór (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔)

Peñaflór (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Peñaflor, a after the municipality in Seville. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Rizal, and Laguna


mabantot

tl-adj

mabantót (plural mababantot, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜆ᜔)

mabantót (canonical)
mababantot (plural)
ᜋᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mabantot (positive singular)
mababantot (plural positive)
bantot (positive root)
mas mabantot (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababantot (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabantot (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababantot (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbantot (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabantot (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababantot (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabantot (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababantot (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabantot (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabantot-bantot (absolute equal plural superlative)

fetid; with repulsive odor (of putrid water or spoiled meat)

(colloquial, figurative) awful; very bad


Garchitorena

tl-proper noun

Garchitorena (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜓᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜄᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜓᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐɾ.t͡ʃɪ.t̪oˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from Basque Gartxitorena.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


Garchitorena

ᜄᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜓᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

[ɡɐɾ.t͡ʃɪ.t̪oˈɾɛː.n̪ɐ]

A municipality of Camarines Sur, Philippines


de Castro

de Castro (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

Noli de Castro, journalist, politician, and the 12th Vice President of the Philippines

Glaiza de Castro, actress and singer

a surname from Spanish, notably the surname of:


bantulot

bantulót (canonical)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


Isagani

[ʔɪ.sɐˈɣaː.n̪ɪ]


Acorda

[ʔɐˈxoɾ.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from Basque Akorda.


kapitbahayan

tl-noun

kápitbaháyan (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜊᜑᜌᜈ᜔)

kápitbaháyan (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ᜊᜑᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Minviluz

Minvilúz (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜊᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blend of Mindanao + Visayas + Luzon. Compare Luzviminda.

... CENRO, Land Management Sector, all in Legazpi City; the Municipal Mayor, the Municipal Council, Guinobatan, Albay; Sps. Federico and Minviluz Tiamson, Roame M. Onato, Sps. Jaime and Maria Tablate, Sps. Melva and Vergilio Ocfemia, ...

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

He sent in his stead his eldest granddaughter named Minviluz. She spoke good Japanese, since she had resided in Yokohama for ten years. Ricarte coached his granddaughter on which topics she should expound. She should emphasize ...

He lived quietly with his second wife, Agueda Esteban, his daughters Adriana Ricarte-Dominguez, and grandchildren Luzviminda Romero, Minviluz Dominguez, Rose Dominguez, Bislumino Romero and Lourdes Dominguez. Two other ...

1999, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal: APMJ.


kapatiran

kápatíran (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tigil-putukan

tigil-putukan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜉᜓᜆᜓᜃᜈ᜔)

ᜆᜒᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜉᜓᜆᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From tigil + putukan, a calque of English ceasefire.


dela Paz

Borrowed from Spanish de la Paz, after the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (Nuestra Señora de la Paz y del Buen Viaje).

a Christian surname from Spanish, a reference to the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage

Delapaz

Anglicized form used by migrants to the US


dela Paz

any of several place in the Philippines named after the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage


katiwalian

katiwalián (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜒᜏᜎᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

katiwalián (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜏᜎᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


prangkisa

Borrowed from Spanish franquicia, from franco. The spelling reflects a sound shift of Spanish /sj/ to /s/, which affected some Spanish borrowings, especially those containing two consecutive syllables containing /sj/.

Simpleng sagot lang: Ito ang itinakda ng mga nasa likod ng marketing ng pelikulang unti-unti na ring nagiging prangkisa.

2014, Danilo Arana Arao, Hay, Naku! 2013, Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.

Just a simple answer: This is set by those behind the marketing of a movie that is now also slowly becoming a franchise.


Kawanihan ng Adwana

tl-proper noun

Káwanihán ng Adwana (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜏᜈᜒᜑᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜀᜇ᜔ᜏᜈ)

Káwanihán ng Adwana (canonical)
ᜃᜏᜈᜒᜑᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜀᜇ᜔ᜏᜈ (Baybayin)

[ˌkaː.wɐ.n̪ɪˌhan̪ n̪ɐŋ ʔɐd̪ˈwaː.n̪ɐ]

API KAWANIHAN NG ADWANA MAYNILA October 6, 1971 CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 6–71 SUBJECT: SEPARATE LISTING OF FOB VALUES FROM C & F OR CIF VALUES OF IMPORTATIONS IN THE CONSULAR INVOICE ...

... Tanggapan ng Komisyonado Komisyonado ng Pananalapi Tanggapan ng Pangalawang Komisyonado Panagalawang Komisyonado ng Pananalapi Kawanihan ng Ingatang-Yaman Tagaingat-Yamang Pambansa Kawanihan ng Adwana at ...

1942, The Official Journal of the Japanese Military Administration, Philippines

... Kawanihan ng Pagpapaunlad sa Pamayanan Kawanihan ng Konstruksiyon at Pangangalaga Kawanihan ng Pagpapaunlad sa Kooperatiba Kawanihan ng Adwana Kawanihan ng Lingkuran sa Kalusugang Dental Kawanihan ng Pagsugpo ...

1977, Patnubay sa korespondensiya opisyal


Virata

[vɪˈɾaː.t̪ɐ]

[bɪˈɾaː.t̪ɐ]

Cesar Virata, Filipino politician and businessman


butanding

butandíng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Rhincodon typus
Rhincodon typus#Translingual


panukala

A variant of punukala, from a blend of puno + akala.

proposal; proposition; formal expression of opinion


sapantaha

Pero, me sapantaha ako na balak gawing pataniman ang sakop ng lupa ni Moises. Maaaring patamnan 'yon ng tubo. Maaaring n'yog, o kaya'y kape... Sapantaha lang ito, mga kasama.

1998, Dominador B. Mirasol, Ginto Ang Kayumangging Lupa, University of Philippines Press

Wala siyang sinabi sa akin natotoo ang kanyang sapantaha. Dito na pumapasok ang mas malaking problema. Asa nang asa kahit hindi pa nakukumpirma. Pwede rin nating itanong: Nananatili ba siya sa ministry dahil kaya niyang tiisin ang ...

2014, Ronald Molmisa, Lovestruck: Sakit Edition, OMF Literature

conjecture; presumption; guess; prediction; supposition

At tungkol sa mga sapantahang may kinalaman sa mga pulis at sa ulat nito, pakatandaan na ang sapantaha ay mapagtatalunan at sa usaping ito (at gaya ng sinabi ng tagadinig na Hukom), may mga elementong malinaw na sagabal sa ...


Batallones

Batallones (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜆᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜊᜆᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish batallones. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the common noun]


Katigbak

Katigbák (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜊᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ka- + tigbak. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Catigbag. The spelling is a late 19th-century respelling mostly adapted by Filipino revolutionaries, especially those who joined the Katipunan (which made wide use of K in writing).

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas


Romualdez

tl-proper noun

Romualdez (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋ᜔ᜏᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜇᜓᜋ᜔ᜏᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Romualdo (“Romuald”) + -ez (“patronymic suffix”). (Though of patronymic origin, it only exists in the Philippines and not in the Hispanic world.)

Romualdez family from Leyte, the family on the maternal side of Imelda Marcos

a surname from Spanish, mostly associated with the:


bantiti

[bɐn̪ˈt̪iː.t̪ɪʔ]

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 慢遲遲／慢迟迟 (bān tî-tî, “sluggishly slow”).


bantiti

[bɐn̪ˈt̪iː.t̪ɪʔ]


bantiti

Borrowed from Hokkien, according to the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (1860). Possibly related to etymology 1.


lagayan

Inatasan ang pulis, ang People's Patrol, at ang mga opisyal ng barangay na magpatupad ng ordinansa. Ilan naman kaya sa ... Dahil buhay na ang pinag- uusapan, sana'y hindi mauso ang lagayan para lang malibre sa piitan. (Ano kaya ang ...

Hindi kasi nila kabisado ang lagayan sa mga pulis. Siyempre shabu rin ang pansilaw sa mga parak, kanta mo lang sa kanila kung saan may magandang tulak ay siguradong aalagaan ka pa nila.

2006, Carla M. Pacis, Eugene Y. Evasco, Bagets: an anthology of Filipino young adult fiction, UP Press, page 76


lagayan

tl-verb

lagayán (complete nilagayan, progressive nilalagayan, contemplative lalagayan, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜄᜌᜈ᜔)

lagayán (canonical)
nilagayan (completive)
nilalagayan (progressive)
lalagayan (contemplative)
ᜎᜄᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


pusang gala

tl-noun

pusang galâ (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜐᜅ᜔ ᜄᜎ)

pusang galâ (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜐᜅ᜔ ᜄᜎ (Baybayin)

[ˌpuː.sɐŋ ɡɐˈlaʔ]

From pusa + -ng + gala. The colloquial terms are minced oaths of putang ina.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pusa, -ng, gala.

H'wag ka nang maraming tanong, pusang gala. Basta sinabi ko, sinabi ko, sundin mo!

2003, Tomás: The Literary Journal of the UST Center for Creative Writing and Studies

(euphemistic, slightly vulgar, colloquial) dickhead; motherfucker


pusang gala

[ˌpuː.sɐŋ ɡɐˈlaʔ]


kooperatiba

kooperatiba (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜂᜉᜒᜇᜆᜒᜊ)

Borrowed from Spanish cooperativa, from Late Latin cooperātīva.

Ngayon nagtitinda ng ganyan, walang ano-ano nagtayo ng kooperatiba. Noong matayo na ang kooperatiba, komo ako e bata pa noon, bata pa, na-appoint akong manedyer ng kooperatiba. Mayroon silang, hindi lang 17 ang miyembro ng ...

2006, Kuwentong Bayan: Noong Panahon Ng Hapon : Everyday Life in a Time of War, UP Press, page 289

Ang dahilan kung bakit napakaraming kooperatiba ang bumabagsak o nalulugi ay ang kakulangan ng mga namumuno sa management o matinong pamamalakad. Dr. Romeo Gutierrez with some of his collection of Aglaonemas ...

Ano ang kooperatlba sa pabahay? Ang kooperatiba sa pabahay ay isang boluntaryong organisasyon ng mga mamamayan na binuo upang masagot ang kanilang pan- gangailangan sa pabahay sa pamamagitan ng sama-samang pagkilos, ...

1990, V. A. T. Teodosio, Melisa R. Serrano, Girlie L. Labastilla, Labor and the Construction Industry in the Philippines

Ang pamahalaang kolonyal ng Inglatera ang nagdala ng kooperatiba sa India sa pagpasok ng ikadalawampung siglo na minana ang mga katangiang kooperatiba ng Alemanya at Italya. Buhat sa India kumalat ito sa iba't ibang panig ng Asia ...

2003, Ligaya Tiamson- Rubin, Angono, Rizal: Mga talang pangwika at pangkasaysayan


tinig

[ˈt̪iː.n̪ɪɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tənəʀ (“sound, voice”). Cognate with Bikol Central tingog, Cebuano tunog (“resonant, audible”), and Malagasy teni (“word, speech”). Compare tunog.

inh

expression; right to express (of one's opinion, choice, or request)


Adlawan

[ʔɐd̪ˈl̪aː.wɐn̪]


Salud

Borrowed from Spanish, from salud (“health”).


Avanceña

[ʔɐ.vɐn̪ˈsɛː.ɲɐ]

[ʔɐ.bɐn̪ˈsɛː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Avanceña, from Arabic اِبْن سِينَا (ibn sīnā, “Avicenna”).

der

اِبْن سِينَا

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Arabic]


Quisumbing

tl-proper noun

Quisumbíng (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜐᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔)

Quisumbíng (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜐᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


Olayvar

From a Basque place name (see Olaibar (“Oláibar”), a municipality of Navarre). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Olaivar. The spelling reflects archaic use of Y for initial I.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Basque, mostly concentrated in Rizal

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Oláibar


ketongin

[kɛˈt̪oː.ŋɪn̪]


ketongin

[kɛˈt̪oː.ŋɪn̪]


ketongin

tl-verb

ketongin (complete kinetong, progressive kineketong, contemplative keketongin, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔)

kinetong (completive)
kineketong (progressive)
keketongin (contemplative)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
ketong (root)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (root)
ketongin (infinitive)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
kinetong (completive root)
ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (completive root)
kineketong (progressive root)
ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (progressive root)
inaketong (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (progressive root)
keketongin (contemplative objective)
ᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
aketongin (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
ketongin (imperative objective)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
ketong (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (imperative objective)
ketonga (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

ketongin

ketongin

ketongin
 ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔

kinetong
 ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔

kineketong
ᜃᜒᜈᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔
inaketong¹
ᜁᜈᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔

keketongin
ᜃᜒᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔
aketongin¹
 ᜀᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔

ketongin
 ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅᜒᜈ᜔
ketong¹
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔
ketonga¹
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ

ketong
ᜃᜒᜆᜓᜅ᜔

[kɛˈt̪oː.ŋɪn̪]


Obrero

[ʔobˈɾɛː.ɾo]


Gorriceta

[ɡo.ɾɪˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

Of Basque origin, from gorri + haitz + -eta, literally “place of red rocks”. Though of Basque origin, it does not appear elsewhere, even in the Hispanic world and the Basque Country.


lumabag

tl-verb

lumabág (complete lumabag, progressive lumalabag, contemplative lalabag, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜄ᜔)

lumabág (canonical)
lumabag (completive)
lumalabag (progressive)
lalabag (contemplative)
ᜎᜓᜋᜊᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)
labag (root)
lumabag (infinitive root trigger-actor)
lumabag (completive root trigger-actor)
lumalabag (progressive trigger-actor)
nalabag (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
lalabag (contemplative trigger-actor)
malabag (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kalalabag (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakalabag (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
labagin (infinitive root trigger-object)
nilabag (completive root trigger-object)
nilalabag (progressive trigger-object)
inalabag (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
lalabagin (contemplative trigger-object)
alabagin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
paglabagan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinaglabagan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapaglabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinaglalabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
papaglabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
paglalabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ilabag (benefactive infinitive root)
inilabag (benefactive completive root)
inilalabag (benefactive progressive)
ilalabag (benefactive contemplative)
ipanlabag (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinanlabag (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapanlabag (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapanlabag (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikalabag (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinalabag (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinalalabag (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
ikalalabag (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
ilabag (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
inilabag (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
inilalabag (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ilalabag (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ilabag (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
inilabag (completive root trigger-measurement)
inilalabag (progressive trigger-measurement)
ilalabag (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpalabag (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpalabag (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapalabag (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapalabag (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapalalabag (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapalabag (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapalabag (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapalabag (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
palabagin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinalabag (actor-secondary completive)
pinalalabag (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapalabag (actor-secondary progressive)
palalabagin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papalabagin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipalabag (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinalabag (completive trigger-object)
ipinalalabag (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapalabag (progressive trigger-object)
ipalalabag (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapalabag (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpalabag (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpalabag (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapalabag (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpalabag (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapalabag (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpalabag (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpalabag (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpalabag (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapalabag (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapalabag (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpalabagan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpalabagan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapalalabagan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpalabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapalalabagan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpalabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papaglabagan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapaglabagan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapaglabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapaglabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makalabag (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakalabag (completive trigger-actor)
nakalalabag (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakalabag (progressive trigger-actor)
makalalabag (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakalabag (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapalabag (infinitive trigger-actor)
napalabag (completive trigger-actor)
napalalabag (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapalabag (progressive trigger-actor)
mapalalabag (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapalabag (contemplative trigger-actor)
malabag (infinitive trigger-object)
nalabag (completive trigger-object)
nalalabag (progressive trigger-object)
malalabag (contemplative trigger-object)
mailabag (benefactive infinitive)
nailabag (benefactive completive)
nailalabag (benefactive progressive)
mailalabag (benefactive contemplative)
maikalabag (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikalabag (completive trigger-causative)
naikalalabag (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
naikalalabag (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
mailabag (infinitive trigger-causative)
nailabag (completive trigger-causative)
nailalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
mailalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapaglabagan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napaglabagan (completive trigger-locative)
napaglalabagan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapaglabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapaglalabagan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapaglabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpalabag (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpalabag (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapalabag (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpalabag (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapalabag (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpalabag (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapalabag (actor-secondary infinitive)
napalabag (actor-secondary completive)
napalalabag (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapalabag (actor-secondary progressive)
mapalalabag (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapalabag (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipalabag (infinitive trigger-object)
naipalabag (completive trigger-object)
naipalalabag (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapalabag (progressive trigger-object)
naiipalabag (progressive trigger-object)
maipalalabag (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapalabag (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipalabag (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpalabag (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpalabag (benefactive completive)
naipagpapalabag (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpalabag (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpalabag (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapalabag (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpalabag (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpalabag (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpalabag (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpalabag (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapalabag (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpalabag (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapalabag (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpalabag (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpalabagan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpalabagan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapalalabagan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpalabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapalalabagan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpalabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapaglabagan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapaglabagan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapaglabagan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapaglabagan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makilabag (direct infinitive)
nakilabag (completive direct)
nakikilabag (direct progressive)
makikilabag (contemplative direct)
makipagpalabag (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpalabag (completive indirect)
nakikipagpalabag (indirect progressive)
makikipagpalabag (contemplative indirect)

to violate; to disobey (a rule, ordinance, law, etc.)

to break; to fail to follow (one's promise, agreement, etc)


Romualdo

Borrowed from Spanish, of Germanic origin.


Ocampo

Borrowed from Spanish Ocampo, toponymic surname from Galician O Campo, common place name across Galicia, Spain. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish [in turn from Galician], prevalent in Metro Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Laguna and Batangas

Ocampo (a municipality of Camarines Sur, Philippines)


bahay pamahalaan

tl-noun

bahay pámahalaán (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ ᜉᜋᜑᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

bahay pámahalaán (canonical)
ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ ᜉᜋᜑᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Alternative spelling of bahay-pamahalaan


Godiñez

ᜄᜓᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Abadilla

Borrowed from Spanish, after La Abadilla, village in Cantabria, Spain.


kapulisan

kapulisán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜓᜎᜒᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

pulis + ka- -an. Compare Cebuano kapolisan.


mamamayan

From mam- + bayan with initial reduplication.


Ceniza

Borrowed from Spanish, from ceniza (“ash”).


apostoles

apóstolés (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

apóstolés (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apóstoles, plural of apóstol (compare botas, opisyales, rekisitos, and sentimos).


Marichu

[ˌmaː.ɾɪˈt͡ʃu]

Blend of Maria (“María; Mary”) + Chu (“diminutive of Jesús”), from Maria Jesus, from Spanish María Jesús.

blend

a diminutive of the female given name Maria Jesus, from Spanish


Dimalanta

From di malanta (literally “unwithering”).

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas and Quezon


pilapil

"Asahan mo, daraan at daraan ka sa pilapil na matuwid," ang tiyak na sagot ng binata at noon di'y nanaog. Ang dalaga ay natulog nang gabing iyong nagsisisi rin naman sa birong nagawa sa binata. Datapuwa't dahil sa isang panagimp na ...

1951, Rufino Alejandro, Antonia F. Villanueva, Antonio D. G. Mariano, Pánitikán pará sa mataás na páaralán

Umahon ako sa pilapil at muling lumusong sa tubig ng dagat-dagatan, na lubog din ang buong katawan, matangi ang mga mata ko at ilong na siya lamang nakalitaw, hanggan sa ako'y sumapit naman sa tapat ng Maypaho, at doon umahon.

1992, Santiago V. Alvarez, The katipunan and the revolution: memoirs of a general; with the original Tagalog text

Dumaan muna ako sa isang tindahan at bumili ng limang pisong Marlboro diretso sa dating puwesto, sa prinsa. Sa paglalakad ko sa pilapil, apat ang naaninaw kong nakaupo sa batong paraanan ng tubig na naiilawan ng liwanag ng buwan.

2003, Ani: Literary Journal of the Cultural Center of the Philippines


magpaskil

tl-verb

magpaskíl (complete nagpaskil, progressive nagpapaskil, contemplative magpapaskil, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔)

magpaskíl (canonical)
nagpaskil (completive)
nagpapaskil (progressive)
magpapaskil (contemplative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)
mag- (affix)
ᜋᜄ᜔ (affix)
paskil (root)
ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kapapaskil (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
kapagpapaskil (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
magpaskil (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakapaskil (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kakapagpaskil (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapagpaskil (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
magpaskil (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

magpaskil

magpaskil
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

nagpaskil
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

nagpapaskil
ᜈᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
nagapaskil¹
ᜈᜄᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

magpapaskil
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
magapaskil¹
ᜋᜄᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
gapaskil¹
ᜄᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

kapapaskil
ᜃᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
kapagpapaskil
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

kakapaskil
ᜃᜃᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
kakapagpaskil
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔
kapapagpaskil
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

magpaskil¹
 ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

paskil
 ᜉᜐ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔

Bawal magpaskil dito

... "Bawal ang Mamitas ng Bulaklak" "Dito Maaaring Maglaro" "Lumakad Nang Tahimik" "Bawal Ang Magpaskil" "Bawal Ang Dumaan" 10. Anyayahan ang mga dentista, manggagamot, narses at "Guidance Counsellor" upang sumang- guni ...

Lalo na si Glen, dahil iiwan na nga rin naman nila itong bayan nilang inaangkin at pinag-aagawan ng kung sino-sinong politiko. Minsan, may nagbayad lang sa kanila nina Erik para magpaskil ng mga poster sa pader sa paligid ng basketball ...

2009, Edgar Calabia Samar, Walong diwata ng pagkahulog

... at ibalik pagkatapos pagunita/nota nabatid/natalos natalos ang nilalaman paunawa paunawang hudisyal paunawa sa madla paunawa sa mundo paunawang opisyal (ipinalalagay na) nababatid ng hukuman magpaskil ng paunawa walang ...

to post (to hang a notice in a conspicuous manner)


anarkismo

tl-noun

anarkismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜈᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


mangisda

tl-verb

mangisdâ (complete nangisda, progressive nangingisda, contemplative mangingisda, 3rd actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ)

mangisdâ (canonical)
nangisda (completive)
nangingisda (progressive)
mangingisda (contemplative)
ᜋᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
mang- (affix)
ᜋᜅ᜔ (affix)
isda (root)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ (root)
actor (focus)
kapangingisda (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜅᜒᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (completive formal past past-recent)
pangisda (formal imperative)
ᜉ ᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (formal imperative)
kakapangisda (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapangisda (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (completive informal past past-recent)
pangisda (imperative informal)
ᜉ ᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

mangisda

kakapangisda
 ᜃᜃᜉᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ
kapapangisda
 ᜃᜉᜉᜅᜒᜐ᜔ᜇ

¹ Not used in Standard Tagalog. Dialectal use only.


siomai

(common) Alternative spelling of siyomay


Lanting

a surname from Tagalog of native origin, most prevalent in Batangas


Tinio

Manuel Tinio y Bundoc

Manuel Tinio (Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution.)


Misalucha

a surname, most notably borne by:
Lani Misalucha, Filipina singer


Manatad

[mɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɐd̪̚]


Locsin

From Hokkien [Term?], via Spanish Locsin.

a surname from Hokkien, most notably borne by:

Teodoro Locsin Jr., Filipino politician and diplomat


habhab

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *habhab (“to gulp; to devour; to eat like a pig”), according to Blust (2010–). Compare Cebuano habhab, Western Bukidnon Manobo habhab, Hiligaynon ab-ab, Ibaloi abab-en, Ilocano ab-ab.

inh+

voracious and noisy eating peculiar to pigs, dogs, etc.

biting in the manner of a toothless person (as if with one's lips)

violent attack by a quadruped animal (snout first, especially of pigs or dogs)

unpolished rice; husked rice not yet cleaned


Viceral

Jose Maria Viceral, real name of Vice Ganda


Guingona

[ɡɪŋˈɡoː.n̪ɐ]

Teofisto Guingona Jr., 11th Vice-President of the Philippines


Triviño

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, variant of Treviño.


sagansan

row of persons, animals, or things arranged one after another

arranging close together on one side or end of a row or ling (of persons, animals, or things)


Trangia

tl-proper noun

Trangia or Trángiá (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜌ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜌ or ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ)

Trangia (canonical)
Trángiá (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜄᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɾɐŋˈɡiː.ɐ]

[t̪ɾɐŋˈhiː.ɐ]

[ˈt̪ɾan̪.d͡ʒɐ]


ginaw

From Proto-Southern Philippine *gənaw. Compare Bikol Central agnaw, Cebuano bugnaw, Waray-Waray tugnaw, Maranao tenggaw, and Maguindanao tenggaw.

coldness of weather; cold temperature (of one's environment)

chill (such as from malaria or other fever)


gipos

reduced to a stub or stump; extinguished (of cigars, cigarettes, candles, etc.)


gipo

broken off due to decay or rot (of branches of a tree, posts, teeth, etc.)


gipo

breaking off due to decay or rot (of branches of a tree, posts, teeth, etc.)


Elizaga

[ʔɛ.lɪˈzaː.ɣɐ]

[ʔɛ.lɪˈsaː.ɣɐ]


Dueñas

[ˈd̪wɛː.ɲɐs]


Dueñas

[ˈd̪wɛː.ɲɐs]


Quiapo

Borrowed from Spanish Quiapo, from Tagalog kiyapo (“Nile cabbage”), from Tamil கயப்பூ (kayappū, “aquatic flower”). See also Cuyapo.

der

Quiapo (a district of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines)


Bukal

A barangay of Lemery, Batangas, Philippines

A barangay of Padre Garcia, Batangas, Philippines

A barangay of Taysan, Batangas, Philippines

A barangay of Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines

A barangay of Tanza, Cavite, Philippines

A barangay of Mendez, Cavite, Philippines

A barangay of Cavinti, Laguna, Philippines


Tanyag

Occidental Mindoro
Occidental Mindoro#English

A barangay of Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro

a surname from Tagalog, most common in Metro Manila, Laguna and Quezon


Gaffud

[ˈɡaː.fʊd̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.pʊd̪̚]


Ursua

Borrowed from Spanish Ursúa. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque], equivalent to Spanish Ursúa, mostly found in people of Pangasinan origin


Orendain

Orendaín (canonical)
ᜂᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔo.ɾɛn̪.d̪ɐˈʔin̪]

Borrowed from Spanish Orendáin, from Basque Orendain.


Magpantay

Magpantáy (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐɡ.pɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

From magpantay. Old surname originating in Batangas.

a surname from Tagalog, common in Batangas


Cabangon

From ka- + bangon. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, common in Quezon


Ylagan

[ʔɪˈlaː.ɣɐn̪]

From ilagan. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, common in Mindoro, otherwise displaced by Ilagan.


Malicdem

Malicdém (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Pangasinan Malicdem. See also Malikdim.


Quizon

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 雞孫／鸡孙 (koe-sun / ke-sun).

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien], most associated with Dolphy, which bears the real name of Rudolf Quizon


Quimpo

From Hokkien, via Spanish Quimpo. See also 妗婆 (kǐm-pô, “grandaunt”) or 金鋪／金铺 (kim-phò͘, “goldsmith store”).


siyete

Borrowed from Spanish siete, from Latin septem. The “gossip” sense may possibly be from the following:
* From ellipsis of siyete pekados, gay slang meaning “gossipmonger”, from Spanish siete pecados capitales (“seven deadly sins”).
* From Spanish hablar más que siete (“talking excessively”, literally “talking more than seven”)
* Some controversy in the 1980s involving Student Canteen under the GMA Network's channel 7.


siyete

(colloquial, euphemistic) used to express anger, irritation, disappointment, annoyance, contempt, surprise, etc.: damn!; shit!


nuwebe

Borrowed from Spanish nueve, from Old Spanish nueve~nuef, from Latin novem.


Osias

a surname, notably borne by:
Camilo Osias, Filipino politician


Millares

Borrowed from Spanish Millares. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Laguna and Quezon


kuwatro

Borrowed from Spanish cuatro (“four”), from Old Spanish quatro, from Latin quattuor (“four”).


ᜀ

Compare Buhid ᝀ (a), Hanunoo ᜠ (a), and Tagbanwa ᝠ (a).

aa, the first character and independent vowel in the Tagalog Baybayin script


magmana

tl-verb

magmana (complete nagmana, progressive nagmamana, contemplative magmamana, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ)

nagmana (completive)
nagmamana (progressive)
magmamana (contemplative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (Baybayin)
mag- (affix)
ᜋᜄ᜔ (affix)
mana (root)
ᜋᜈ (root)
actor (focus)
kamamana (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜋᜋᜈ (completive formal past past-recent)
kapagmamana (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜋᜈ (completive formal past past-recent)
magmana (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (formal imperative)
kakamana (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜋᜈ (completive informal past past-recent)
kakapagmana (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapagmana (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (completive informal past past-recent)
magmana (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

magmana

magmamana
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜋᜋᜈ
magamana¹
ᜋᜄᜋᜈ
gamana¹
ᜄᜋᜈ

kakamana
ᜃᜃᜋᜈ
kakapagmana
ᜃᜃᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ
kapapagmana
ᜃᜉᜉᜄ᜔ᜋᜈ

to inherit, receive as an heir from ones ancestor


Versoza

a surname, most associated with actor Gardo Versoza


Masangkay

Masangkáy (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜅ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Masangcay; the spelling with K introduced as indigenization, mostly adapted by nationalists and revolutionaries before the Philippine Revolution.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas and Mindoro


Lukban

Vicente Lukban, Filipino general during the Philippine-American War, notable for leading the Balangiga massacre


Tiongco

Possibly from Hokkien 中哥 (tiong-ko, “middle brother”).


Bulan

Borrowed from Cebuano Bulan, from bulan.


Hizon

Possibly from Hokkien 耳孫／耳孙 (hī-sun, “great-great-great-great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Hizon.

der

Maximino Hizon, Filipino revolutionary general

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry, most notably descendants of migrants from Macau to Parián, Mexico, Pampanga


Guanzon

Guanzón (canonical)
ᜄᜓᜏᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Possibly from Hokkien 玄孫／玄孙 (goân-sun, “great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”) or Hokkien 阮孫／阮孙 (goán sun, “our (exclusive) grandson”), via Spanish Guanzon. Compare Tagalog Henson.

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives


kubrador

kubradór (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜊ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Leynes

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

A barangay of Talisay, Batangas, Philippines


Fonacier

Fonaciér (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[fo.n̪ɐˈʃɛɾ]

[po.n̪ɐˈʃɛɾ]


Resurreccion

tl-proper noun

Resurrección (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

Resurrección (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜐᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɾɛ.sʊ.ɾɛkˈʃon̪]


Macapagal

Either of Tagalog or Kapampangan origin.

a surname from Kapampangan, most associated with Diosdado Macapagal, the 9th President of the Philippines


Gitnang Panahon

Gitnáng Panahón (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈᜑᜓᜈ᜔)

Gitnáng Panahón (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜈᜑᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ipinakita ito sa Gitnang Panahon sa pamamagitan ng mga imaheng Kristiyano, mural na pagguhit sa mga dingding at mga obrang pansining. Ang mga ito mismo ay mga napakagagandang mga obra. Sinubukan nilang isalin ang mga senaryo ...

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation

May paniniwala noong mga Gitnang Panahon (Middle Ages) na may mga paksa at larangan ng mga siyensiya at sining na natatangi para sa tao sapagkat walang ibang nilalang na magkakainteres sa mga bagay na iyon maliban sa tao.

2004, Florentino H. Hornedo, Literatura, guro, bansa: mga kuwadrong konseptwal para sa pagtuturo ng literatura at ilang panayam tungkol sa kalinangan at wika

Es. Ang simbahan ay naging makapangyarihan sa Gitnang Panahon. Maraming katiwalian. 2. T. Sino ang pangunahing reformists, sa mga panahong ito? Es. Si Martin Luther. Siya ay isang Protestante. Walang binyag sa mga Protestante.

1994, Ernesto H. Cubar, Nelly Iligan Cubar, Writing Filipino Grammar: Traditions & Trends, Cellar Book Shop


Bituin

From bituin (“star”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas, Laguna and Quezon


abstrak

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English abstract, from Middle English abstract, from Latin abstractus. Doublet of abstrakto.

(art) abstract (free from representational qualities)


abstrak

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


Echano

[ʔɛˈt͡ʃaː.n̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish, from Basque Etxano.


lintang-kati

tl-noun

lintáng-kati (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜆᜒ)

lintáng-kati (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


Ybañez

[ʔɪˈbaː.ɲɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Ybáñez, variant of Ibáñez. Doublet of Ibañez.

a surname from Spanish, mostly common in people of Cebuano or Visayan ancestry


ikalawa

From ika- + dalawa (“two”). Compare Cebuano ikaduha.


Munsayac

Munsayác (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜌᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


batas militar

batás militár (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜆᜐ᜔ ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇ᜔)

batás militár (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜐ᜔ ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

From batas + militar, literally “military law”.


dela Rosa

delá Rosa (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎ ᜇᜓᜐ (Baybayin)


Salamat

After Magat Salamat, datu who participated on the Conspiracy of the Maharlikas

Conspiracy of the Maharlikas
Magat Salamat


de Ocampo

Borrowed from Spanish de Ocampo, of Galician origin (see Ocampo).

a surname from Spanish, common in Batangas


kaakit-akit

tl-adj

kaakit-akit (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜀᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜀᜃᜒᜆ᜔)

ᜃᜀᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜀᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kɐˌʔaː.xɪt̪ ˈʔaː.xɪt̪̚]

From ka- + akit, with reduplication of the root.


ditse

Borrowed from Hokkien 二姊 (jī-chí / jī-ché).

bor+

Coordinate term: diko

term of address for the second eldest sister

(Bulacan) term of address for the second eldest female cousin


Lontoc

tl-proper noun

Lontoc or Lontóc (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔)

Lontoc (canonical)
Lontóc (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


Brosas

From earlier Brozas, from Spanish broza, brozas (“brushwood”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Brozas. The surname came to be written with S due to seseo and eventually displacing the former in Tagalog areas. Compare Waray-Waray Brozas, from the same Spanish source.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the common noun], common in Laguna


ponda

a temporary shed where light meals and refreshments are sold during a feast or a celebration


Basilan

Sulu Archipelago
Sulu Archipelago#English

Basilan (an island in Sulu Archipelago, Mindanao, Philippines)

Basilan (a province of Mindanao, Philippines; capital: Lamitan; largest city: Isabela)


dalya

Borrowed from Spanish dalia (“dahlia”), named 1791 after Anders Dahl.


Aglipay

[ʔɐɡˈliː.paɪ̯]

Borrowed from Ilocano Aglipay, from aglipay.


Aglipay

[ʔɐɡˈliː.paɪ̯]

member of the Philippine Independent Church


gayon

From variant gay-on, syncopic form of obsolete variant gayaon, from ga- + yaon. Compare ganoon.

(chiefly formal) like that; in that particular manner (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


Malicsi

From maliksi. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Occidental Mindoro


Saguinsin

Saguinsín (canonical)
ᜐᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Laviña

Borrowed from Spanish. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, mostly concentrated in Laguna and Quezon


Manlangit

[mɐn̪ˈlaː.ŋɪt̪̚]


Libunao

a surname, common in Bulacan and Nueva Ecija


langis ng oliba

tl-noun

langís ng oliba (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜅᜒᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜒᜊ)

langís ng oliba (canonical)
ᜎᜅᜒᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜒᜊ (Baybayin)


letsugas

[lɛˈt͡ʃuː.ɣɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish lechugas, plural of lechuga (“lettuce”), from Latin lactūca.


del Prado

tl-proper noun

del Prado (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ ᜉ᜔ᜇᜇᜓ)


Magbojos

From magbuhos (“to pour”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas


Paras

Borrowed from Kapampangan Paras, from paras (“spiciness”).


Zosimo

Borrowed from Spanish Zosimo, from Ancient Greek Ζώσιμος (Zṓsimos). Upon borrowing, stress is shifted to the antepenult.


dikya

tl-noun

dikyà or dikyâ (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜌ)

dikyà (canonical)
dikyâ (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


Villapando

tl-proper noun

Villapando (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜉᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


Arzadon

[ʔɐɾ.zɐˈd̪on̪]

[ʔɐɾ.sɐˈd̪on̪]

Localized variant of Spanish Arzadun, of Basque origin.


Amurao

[ʔɐ.mʊˈɾaʊ̯]


Malaluan

From malaluan. Old surname originating in Batangas.


Pamintuan

Pamintuan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜀᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Cabungcal

Cabungcál (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜓᜅ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ka- + bungkal. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, common in Batangas and Nueva Ecija


Makalintal

Makalintál (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔)

Makalintál (canonical)
ᜋᜃᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


Figueras

[fɪˈɣɛː.ɾɐs]

[pɪˈɣɛː.ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish, of toponymic origin, from Catalan Figueres.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Catalan]


albarikoke

tl-noun

albarikoke (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜇᜒᜃᜓᜃᜒ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜇᜒᜃᜓᜃᜒ (Baybayin)

Isang manlalakbay na nakasakay sa isang kamelyo at dalawang makisig na kabayong Arabe. Ang isa sa mga ito, na sinasakyan ng isang tauhan ng Aduwana ay nakatatawag ng pansin ng lahat. Dito'y nakatikim ako ng sereso, albarikoke, at almendras.

1962, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896

One traveler riding a camel and two robust Arabic horses. One of these, which was ridden by a Customs worker, was catching everyone's attention. Here I was able to taste cherry, apricot, and almond.


Brillantes

tl-proper noun

Brillantes (Baybayin spelling ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:

Anndrew Blythe Daguio Gorostiza, child actress (on her screen name, Andrea Brillantes)


Mandigma

Mandigmâ (canonical)
ᜋᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜋ (Baybayin)


Dinglasan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


Veneracion

tl-proper noun

Veneración (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

Veneración (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[vɛ.n̪ɛ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

[bɛ.n̪ɛ.ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Ian Veneracion, actor


Peñaflorida

Peñaflorida (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜒᜇ)

ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜒᜇ (Baybayin)

a surname, most associated with Efren Peñaflorida, teavher and winner of the CNN Hero award in 2009


Tuason

Borrowed from Spanish Tuason/Tuazon/Tuasun, from Hokkien 大孫／大孙 (tōa-sun, “eldest son's eldest son; eldest grandson”).

der

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien] common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


esparago

[ʔɛsˌpaː.ɾɐˈɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish espárrago (“asparagus”).


inggo

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu). Compare Malay inggu, Chinese 形虞 (xíngyú).


remolatsa

Borrowed from Spanish remolacha (“beet”).


koliplor

kóliplór (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish coliflor (“cauliflower”).


sirwelas

Borrowed from Spanish ciruelas, plural of ciruela (“plum”). Doublet of sinigwelas.


Soliven

a surname from Ilocano, most associated with Benito Soliven, namesake of a eponymous town in Isabela


kamoteng-kahoy

tl-noun

kamoteng-kahoy (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜓᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔)

ᜃᜋᜓᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual


kabute

kabuté or kábuté (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜓᜆᜒ)

kabuté (canonical)
kábuté (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


de Gracia

[d̪ɛ ˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]


Tio

Borrowed from Hokkien 趙／赵 (Tiǒ) or 張／张 (Tioⁿ). Doublet of Tiu. Compare Malaysian & Singaporean English Teo / Teoh.


Mabini

From mabini. The places in the Philippines are named after Apolinario Mabini.

Apolinario Mabini (Filipino revolutionary)

several locations in the Philippines:
A municipality of Batangas, Philippines

several locations in the Philippines:
A municipality of Bohol, Philippines

A municipality of Davao de Oro, Philippines

A municipality of Pangasinan, Philippines

2008, Rodolfo Meim Acebes, National Commission on Culture and the Arts (Philippines), Mindoro sa panahon ng digmaan, 1941-1945

Isabelo immediately took them on bus of BLTCo and brought to Batangas, on the end of the town of Mabini where one of his boats is waiting. Here, the father and son drove to Mindoro. But it is far from the shore of Abra de Ilog.

Isinakay agad sila ni Isabelo sa bus ng BLTCo at dinala sa Batangas, sa dulong bayan ng Mabini kung saan isa sa mga bangka niya ay naghihintay. Dito sumakay ang mag-aama pauwing Mindoro. Ngunit malayo pa ito sa baybayin ng Abra de Ilog.


Jusay

Transcription of husay into Spanish orthography.


Dalangin

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ŋɪn̪]

From dalangin (“prayer”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .


Ganzon

Borrowed from Hokkien 顏孫／颜孙 (Gân-sun) (compare Gan).


Vizconde

ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish vizconde (“viscount”).

bor+

a surname from Spanish, most associated with the family of the victims of the Vizconde massacre


dalangin

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ŋɪn̪]


Patiño

Borrowed from Spanish, hispanicization of Portuguese Patinho, from patinho (“duckling”).

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Portuguese]


bakay

watcher; ambusher; waylayer (especially those watching for anyone passing by from a vantage point)


husay

good quality (especially of workmanship)


Taguinod

[t̪ɐˈɣiː.n̪od̪̚]


Quiñones

ᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Quiñones. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Quiñones, common in Occidental Mindoro


Fortich

ᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜆ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Dela Cruz

tl-proper noun

Delá Cruz (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

Delá Cruz (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Alternative letter-case form of dela Cruz


Fabregas

Fábregás (canonical)
ᜉᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Fábregas, from Catalan Fàbregues.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Catalan], most associated with Jaime Fabregas


Delos Santos

Delós Santos (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔)

Delós Santos (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎᜓᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Alternative letter-case form of delos Santos


aplay

Borrowed from English apply, from Middle English aplien, applien, from Old French applier, from Latin applicō.

act of applying (for a position, candidacy, etc.)

act of putting one thing on another (of cream, lotion, etc.)


Plaridel

Pláridél (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜎᜇᜒᜇᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Plaridel, anagram of the surname del Pilar, the nom de guerre of Marcelo H. del Pilar.

Plaridel (a municipality of Bulacan, Philippines)

Misamis Occidental
Misamis Occidental#English

Plaridel (a municipality of Misamis Occidental, Philippines)


supsop

From Proto-Austronesian *supsup. Compare Aklanon supsup, Cebuano supsop, and Tausug supsup.


Bolaños

Borrowed from Spanish Bolaños. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, mostly found on people of Bicolano heritage


kontrabando

tl-noun

kontrabando (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


linaw

From Proto-Philippine *linaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *linaw. Compare Tausug linaw.

clearness; clarity (of liquids, mirrors, vision, speech, explanation, etc.)


Tugade

[t̪ʊˈɣaː.d̪ɛ]


Capinpin

Capinpín (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Pecson

From Hokkien [Term?], via Spanish Pecson. Compare Hokkien 伯 (pek) & 孫／孙 (sun). See also Hokkien 仲孫／仲孙 (Tiōng-sun), Tagalog Tiongson, Tagalog Cuizon, Hokkien 伯仲叔季 (“order of seniority among brothers from eldest to youngest”).


mananahi

From man- + tahi, with initial reduplication of the root.


Biscocho

ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


Almarez

[ʔɐl.mɐˈɾɛs]


tuwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuaq (“luck”). Compare Malay tuah (“luck”).


Peñaranda

[pɛ.ɲɐˈɾan̪.d̪ɐ]

A municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines


Montealegre

tl-proper noun

Montealegre (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒ)

ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[mon̪.t̪ɛ.ʔɐˈlɛː.ɡɾɛ]


Arenas

[ʔɐˈɾɛː.n̪ɐs]


Calingasan

Hispanized spelling of kalingasan, from lingas (“flame”) + ka- -an. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas


Matibag

[mɐˈt̪iː.bɐɡ̚]

From matibag. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


Maceda

[mɐˈsɛː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, of Galician origin.

a surname from Spanish, most notably borne by:


Arañas

[ʔɐˈɾaː.ɲɐs]


Siason

Borrowed from Hokkien 謝孫／谢孙 (siā-sun) (compare Siazon and Sia).


Tiozon

Borrowed from Hokkien [Term?]. Compare Hokkien 張／张 (Tioⁿ) & 孫／孙 (sun). Akin to Tecson/Ticzon.


Sinco

Ultimately, an alternative spelling of Cinco, originally from Hokkien 吳／吴 (Gô͘), via Hispanicization of Chinese surname 吳／吴 (Gô͘) by similar sounding Calque of Hokkien 五 (gǒ͘, “five”) to Spanish cinco (“five”), and then later Filipinized through Filipino orthography.


Arcega

[ʔɐɾˈsɛː.ɣɐ]


Zaide

a surname, most associated with historian Gregorio Zaide


Fabros

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .


Iñigo

Íñigó or Iñigo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜄᜓ)

Íñigó (canonical)
Iñigo (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜌᜒᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔiː.ɲɪˈɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish Íñigo, from Basque Eneko.


Morato

a surname from Spanish, most associated with:

Tomas Morato, first mayor of Quezon City


Manarang

[mɐˈn̪aː.ɾɐŋ]


de Dios

de Diós (canonical)
ᜇᜒ ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Mayuga

From mayuga. Probably originating among the principalía of Kumintang (present Batangas).

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found across Batangas and Quezon


Elamparo

Borrowed from Spanish Elámparo, a contraction of el amparo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Zambales


Liwag

From liwag (“slowness in movement”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Liuag. The spelling is an indigenization, from around the late 19th century, with U changed to W. Largely displaced the original spelling.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tl">Liuag</i>

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Nueva Ecija and Batangas


de Belen

de Belén (canonical)
ᜇᜒ ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛ bɛˈlɛn̪]


Babao

a surname, most associated with news anchor Julius Babao


Tañada

[t̪ɐˈɲaː.d̪ɐ]

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname, mostly concentrated in Quezon


Ulep

Ulep (canonical)
Ulëp (canonical)
ᜂᜎᜒᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


Parilla

Borrowed from Spanish, from parilla, a misspelling of parrilla.


Catmon

A barangay of Malabon, Metro Manila, Philippines

several places in the Philippines:
A municipality of Cebu, Philippines

A barangay of Santa Maria, Bulacan, Philippines


Unson

From Hokkien, possibly 雲孫／云孙 (ûn-sun, “great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Unson. Compare Tagalog Inson.

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


Llanera

[ljɐˈn̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
Mariano Llanera

Borrowed from Spanish Llanera, from llanera. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .
The municipality is named after Filipino general and revolutionary Mariano Llanera.

named-after

Llanera (a municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


dunggol

jab; short, straight blow with one's fist


lumanay

mildness; gentleness (in voice or speech)


hugasan

tl-verb

hugasan (complete hinugasan, progressive hinuhugasan, contemplative huhugasan, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜄᜐᜈ᜔)

hinugasan (completive)
hinuhugasan (progressive)
huhugasan (contemplative)
ᜑᜓᜄᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
hugas (root)
maghugas (infinitive root trigger-actor)
naghugas (completive root trigger-actor)
naghuhugas (progressive trigger-actor)
nagahugas (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
maghuhugas (contemplative trigger-actor)
magahugas (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gahugas (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kahuhugas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapaghuhugas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakahugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapaghugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapaghugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
huhasan (infinitive root trigger-object)
hinuhasan (completive root trigger-object)
hinuhuhasan (progressive trigger-object)
inahuhasan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
huhuhasan (contemplative trigger-object)
ahuhasan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
paghuhasan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinaghuhasan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinaghuhuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
papaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
paghuhuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipaghugas (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinaghugas (benefactive completive root)
ipinapaghugas (benefactive progressive)
ipapaghugas (benefactive contemplative)
ipanghugas (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinanghugas (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapanghugas (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapanghugas (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapaghugas (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapaghugas (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapaghuhugas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapaghugas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapaghuhugas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapaghugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
paghuhasan (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinaghuhasan (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-referential)
pinaghuhuhasan (progressive trigger-referential)
papaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-referential)
paghuhuhasan (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpahugas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpahugas (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapahugas (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapahugas (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapahuhugas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapahugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapahugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapahugas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papaghuhasin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapaghugas (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapaghugas (actor-secondary progressive)
papapaghuhasin (actor-secondary contemplative)
pahuhasan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinahuhasan (completive trigger-object)
pinapahuhasan (progressive trigger-object)
pinahuhuhasan (progressive trigger-object)
papahuhasan (contemplative trigger-object)
pahuhuhasan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpahugas (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpahugas (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapahugas (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpahugas (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapahugas (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpahugas (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpahugas (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpahugas (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapahugas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpahugas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapahugas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpahugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpahuhasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpahuhasan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapahuhuhasan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpahuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapahuhuhasan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpahuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papaghuhasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapaghuhasan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papaghuhasan (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapaghuhasan (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-referential)
papapaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapaghugas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapaghugas (completive trigger-actor)
nakapaghuhugas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapaghugas (progressive trigger-actor)
makapaghuhugas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapaghugas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mahuhasan (infinitive trigger-object)
nahuhasan (completive trigger-object)
nahuhuhasan (progressive trigger-object)
mahuhuhasan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipaghugas (benefactive infinitive)
naipaghugas (benefactive completive)
naipaghuhugas (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapaghugas (benefactive progressive)
naiipaghugas (benefactive progressive)
maipaghuhugas (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapaghugas (benefactive contemplative)
maiipaghugas (benefactive contemplative)
maikapaghugas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapaghugas (completive trigger-causative)
naikapaghuhugas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapaghugas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapaghugas (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapaghuhugas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapaghugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapaghugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipaghugas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipaghugas (completive trigger-causative)
naipaghuhugas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapaghugas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipaghugas (progressive trigger-causative)
maipaghuhugas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapaghugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipaghugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapaghugasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napaghugasan (completive trigger-locative)
napaghuhugasan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapaghugasan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapaghuhugasan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapaghugasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpahugas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpahugas (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapahugas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpahugas (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapahugas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpahugas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapaghugas (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapaghugas (actor-secondary completive)
napapapaghugas (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapaghugas (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapahuhasan (infinitive trigger-object)
napahuhasan (completive trigger-object)
napahuhuhasan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapahuhasan (progressive trigger-object)
mapahuhuhasan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapahuhasan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpahugas (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpahugas (benefactive completive)
naipagpapahugas (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpahugas (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpahugas (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapahugas (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpahugas (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpahugas (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpahugas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpahugas (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapahugas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpahugas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpahugas (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapahugas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpahugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpahugas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpahuhasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpahuhasan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapahuhuhasan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpahuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapahuhuhasan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpahuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapaghuhasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapaghuhasan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapaghuhasan (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapaghuhasan (completive trigger-referential)
napapapaghuhasan (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapaghuhasan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipaghugas (direct infinitive)
nakipaghugas (completive direct)
nakikipaghugas (direct progressive)
makikipaghugas (contemplative direct)
makihugas (direct infinitive)
nakihugas (completive direct)
nakikihugas (direct progressive)
makikihugas (contemplative direct)
makipagpahugas (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpahugas (completive indirect)
nakikipagpahugas (indirect progressive)
makikipagpahugas (contemplative indirect)

Hinugasan ko ang mga plato.


hugasan

(colloquial) crockery or dishes that needs to be washed


liko

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *likuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *likuq. Doublet of likaw.

turning; bending; deviation (in walking, driving, etc.)

erroneousness; improperness (in treating one's children)


liko

erroneous; improper (in treating one's children)


jak-en-poy

tl-noun

jak-en-poy (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜃ᜔ᜁᜈ᜔ᜉᜓᜌ᜔)

ᜇ᜔ᜌᜃ᜔ᜁᜈ᜔ᜉᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


sabwatan

conspiracy; secret plot or agreement (for doing something wrong or unlawful)


paghahambing

paghahambíng (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜑᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔)

paghahambíng (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜑᜑᜋ᜔ᜊᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pag- + hambing, with reduplication on the first syllable of the root word.


lunggati

[lʊŋ.ɡɐˈt̪iʔ]

From *lung (“grief”) (cf. lungkot, lungayi, and lumbay) + Malay hati (“emotions”, literally “liver”), cf. dalamhati, pighati, ulohati, luwalhati, and salaghati).

der

earnest desire; fervent wish or ambition


kasabwat

(law) accessory; accomplice; conspirator


duhagi

[d̪ʊˈhaː.ɣɪ]


duhagi

[d̪ʊˈhaː.ɣɪ]


Baguio

Borrowed from Spanish Baguió, from Ibaloi bagiw (“moss”).

Baguio (an independent city in Benguet, Philippines)

central business district
central business district

(uncommon) the central business district of Baguio City


lunot

softened due to being overripe (of fruit)


lunot

condition of fruit being softened due to being overripe


natutulog sa pansitan

tl-adj

natutulog sa pansitan (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜆᜓᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜈ᜔)

ᜈᜆᜓᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “sleeping in a panciteria" (restaurant or canteen selling pancit)”.

lit

Kailanman at sa anumang uri ng komunikasyon, laging mabuti ang paggamit ng maiikli at karaniwang salita. ILANG SAWIKAIN — Narito ang ilang sawikain: * natutulog sa pansitan - walang nalalaman sa mga nangyayari sa paligid. Paano ...

Eight, nine, ten... Siniko ng isa si Angela. "Hoy!' Babagsak na si Angela. "Ano ba? " Hiyaw ni Ma'am. "...ina mo, para kang natutulog sa pansitan!" Imbis na makasagot, hinila ng tuhod niya si Angela. Reflex aetion, nasalo siya ng isang bilanggo ...

2006, Lualhati Bautista, Bulaklak sa city jail

Kakantiyawan nila kayong ugaling paniki o natutulog sa pansitan bagaman ipapangaral ni Giedd na sadyang mabagal lamang magdulot ng melatonin ang inyong pineal gland. Nababawasan ang inyong kalayaan habang kayo'y namumulat.

2005, Rio Alma, Memo mulang Gimokudan: aklat ng tulang tuluyan

(idiomatic) unaware of those happening in the surroundings


Simbulan

Borrowed from Kapampangan Simbulan. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .


Fuentebella

tl-proper noun

Fuentebella (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ)

ᜉᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Fuentebella family, one of the dominant political families in Camarines Sur


Cuizon

Borrowed from Hokkien [Term?], via Spanish Cuizon. Compare Hokkien 季 (kùi) & 孫／孙 (sun). See also Hokkien 仲孫／仲孙 (Tiōng-sun), Tagalog Tiongson, Tagalog Pecson, Tagalog Siocson, Hokkien 伯仲叔季 (“order of seniority among brothers from eldest to youngest”).


bitaog

[bɪˈt̪aː.ʔoɡ̚]

Borrowed from Cebuano bitaog, from Proto-Bisayan *bitaqug, from Proto-Central Philippine *bitaqug, from Proto-Philippine *bitaquʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bitaquʀ (“a shore tree: Calophyllum inophyllum”). Compare Malay bentangur.

der

Calophyllum blancoi
Wikispecies:Calophyllum blancoi

Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum#Translingual

Alexandrian laurel (Calophyllum inophyllum)


kumapit sa patalim

tl-verb

kumapit sa patalím (complete kumapit sa patalim, progressive kumakapit sa patalim, contemplative kakapit sa patalim, 1st actor trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔)

kumapit sa patalím (canonical)
kumapit sa patalim (completive)
kumakapit sa patalim (progressive)
kakapit sa patalim (contemplative)
ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
kapit sa patalim (root)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kakakapit sa patalim (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
kumapit sa patalim (formal imperative)
ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (formal imperative)
kapit sa patalim (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakakapit sa patalim (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kumapit sa patalim (imperative informal)
ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (imperative informal)
kapit sa patalim (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

kumapit sa patalim

kumapit sa patalim
 ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔
kungmapit sa patalim¹
ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔

kumakapit sa patalim
ᜃᜓᜋᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔
kungmakapit sa patalim¹
 ᜃᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔
nakapit sa patalim²
ᜈ ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔

kakapit sa patalim
 ᜃᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔
makapit sa patalim²
ᜋ ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔

kumapit sa patalim
 ᜃᜓᜋᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔
kapit sa patalim²
ᜃᜉᜒᜆ᜔ ᜐ ᜉᜆᜎᜒᜋ᜔

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.

Literally, “to clutch onto a blade”, from the proverb ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit.

(idiomatic) to live in a dangerous or precarious situation; to live on the razor's edge

Napilitang kumapit sa patalim ng pagsasamantala ang mag-amang Itoy at Clemenia sa pag-babaka-sakaling maagaw sa kuko ng kamatayan ang asawa't inang may sakit kahit ang kanilang sarili ang maging kabayaran.

The father Itoy, and daughter Clemenia, were forced to hold on a blade (to exploit) in hopes of stealing his ill wife from the brink of death even if the payment was himself.

Biniro ko pa si Lino Brocka na kung meron siyang gagawing pelikulang Kapit sa Patalim, mas nauna akong kumapit sa patalim sa pagtatrabaho sa UL. Sinabi niyang sana raw ay hindi ako masugatan sa aking gagawin.

2004, Frank G. Rivera, Oyayi: sarswela ng pamilyang Pinoy

I even made a joke to Lino Brocka that if he would make a film titled Kapit sa Patalim (“A Hold on a Blade”), I was first in holding on a blade (resorting to a strenous activity) by working at the [University of Life]. He said that he hopes I do not get wounded in what I would do.

Ilan ba sa mga iyon ang hindi natanggap at kumapit sa patalim para makakain? Lahat pinaiikot nga ng pera at kung wala ka nito ay kawawa ka.

2014, Taga Imus, Ang Mga Lihim ng Pulang Diary: Tagalog Gay Stories, Taga Imus M2M Books - TGIMS Publishing Services, page 69

How many of them were rejected and held onto a blade (ditched to last resort) in order to eat? Everything really revolves about money, and if you don't have it, you'll be suffering.

(idiomatic) to resort to any activity, especially crime, to survive or earn a living

kumapit sa patalim
kumapit sa patalim#Tagalog


Abrenica

Abrénicá (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜈᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbɾɛː.n̪ɪˈxa]


dagang puti

tl-noun

dagáng putî (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜄᜅ᜔ ᜉᜓᜆᜒ)

dagáng putî (canonical)
ᜇᜄᜅ᜔ ᜉᜓᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


Traqueña

[t̪ɾɐˈxɛː.ɲɐ]


tawilis

tawilis or tawilís (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜏᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

tawilis (canonical)
tawilís (canonical)
ᜆᜏᜒᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Sardinella tawilis
Wikispecies:Sardinella tawilis

freshwater sardinella (Sardinella tawilis)


Dimapilis

From di mapilis (literally “untwistable”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, generally found in Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan and Oriental Mindoro


dayukdok

dayukdók (canonical)
ᜇᜌᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


tapang

strength; potency (of wine, coffee, vinegar, etc.)


dawi

bite of a fish on the bait attached to the hook


dalubhasaan

dalubhasaán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜓᜊ᜔ᜑᜐᜀᜈ᜔)

dalubhasaán (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜓᜊ᜔ᜑᜐᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


dalub-agham

dalúb-aghám (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜎᜓᜊ᜔ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜋ᜔)

dalúb-aghám (canonical)
ᜇᜎᜓᜊ᜔ᜀᜄ᜔ᜑᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)


tarang

rapid stamping of feet (as in anger, tantrum, pain, etc.)


kukis

...KUKIS NAKU, NAG-ABALA KA PA NAMAN!

Ipinatong ng marurusing na bata ang kanilang mga baba sa gilid ng mesa, inamoy ang mga kukis at biskuwit, nagkakahiyaang nagtinginan at nagngitian.

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Lagablab sa utak ni Damian Rosa at iba pang kuwento


kulugo

wart (especially an irregularly shaped one)

tender feather in birdlings (with still sanguinolent quill)

act of shaking fruits or berries with salt within a closed container


dambana

Borrowed from Sanskrit आलम्भन (ālambhana, “touching (the heart); sacrificing; killing”).


dapal

measure equal to the breadth of the palm or open hand (with fingers together)


dagatan

[d̪ɐˈɣaː.t̪ɐn̪]


taray

[ˈt̪aː.ɾaɪ̯]

arrogance or contemptuousness in speech (especially of a woman)


ektarya

Borrowed from Spanish hectárea (“hectare”).


dulaan

[d̪ʊˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


Balite

From balite, variant of balete (“banyan”).


diitan

[ˌd̪iːˈʔiː.t̪ɐn̪]

[d̪ɪ.ʔɪˈt̪an̪]


diitan

tl-verb

diitán (complete diniitan, progressive dinidiitan, contemplative didiitan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜁᜆᜈ᜔)

diitán (canonical)
diniitan (completive)
dinidiitan (progressive)
didiitan (contemplative)
ᜇᜒᜁᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
diit (root)
diitan (infinitive)
diniitan (completive root)
dinidiitan (progressive root)
inadiitan (dialectal progressive root)
didiitan (contemplative objective)
adiitan (contemplative dialectal objective)
diiti (dialectal imperative objective)

diitan

[ˌd̪iːˈʔiː.t̪ɐn̪]

[d̪ɪ.ʔɪˈt̪an̪]

to place one's fingerprints on something


kulabo

hazy; somewhat dark; not clear (of glass, water, liquids, atmosphere, etc.)


Magboo

From magbuo. Originated among the principalía (local nobility) of Batangas.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


dukha

Ultimately from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkhá). Compare Malay duka.


pakinggan

pakinggán (complete pinakinggan, progressive pinapakinggan, contemplative papakinggan, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜈ᜔)

pakinggán (canonical)
pinakinggan (completive)
pinapakinggan (progressive)
papakinggan (contemplative)
ᜉᜃᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pa- -an (affix)
kinig (root)
pakinggan (infinitive)
pinakinggan (completive root)
pinapakinggan (progressive root)
pinakikinggan (progressive root)
papakinggan (contemplative)
pakikinggan (contemplative)

pakinggan

Syncopic form of pakinigan, from kinig + pa- -an.


Quimson

Borrowed from Hokkien 金孫／金孙 (kim-sun). Compare Tagalog Quimpo.


Quitain

[kɪˈt̪aː.ʔɪn̪]

From kitain. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, originating in Batangas


Sobrepeña

tl-proper noun

Sobrepeña (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ)

ᜐᜓᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


diwata

[d̪ɪˈwaː.t̪ɐʔ]

Borrowed from Cebuano diwata, from Proto-Visayan *diwata, from Malay dewata, from Sanskrit देवता (devátā, “god, deity”). Compare Kapampangan diuata.

(mythology, folklore, obsolete) universal supreme being


diwata

Possibly from di + *wata, or directly from Sanskrit देवता (devátā).


Ilao

From ilaw. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Ylao.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, common in Batangas, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro


Mangilit

[mɐˈŋiː.lɪt̪̚]


Nakpil

a surname, most associated with Julio Nakpil and his son, Juan Nakpil


Dimagiba

From di magiba (“cannot be destroyed, indestructible”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Bulacan


Pantig

[pɐn̪ˈt̪iɡ̚]


Cantiveros

tl-proper noun

Cantiveros (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜃᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜊᜒᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Malimban

Malimbán (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Cavite


Tarnate

[t̪ɐɾˈn̪aː.t̪ɛ]


Cabrillos

Cabrillos (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜃᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Mapalad

From mapalad (“fortunate; lucky”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Quezon and Oriental Mindoro


Tullao

Compare Hokkien 張廖／张廖 (Tiuⁿ-Liāu, “a surname, also present in Zhao'an (詔安), Fujian (福建) and Taichung (臺中), Taiwan (臺灣)”).


boodle fight

tl-noun

boodle fight (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜎ᜔ ᜉᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜊᜓᜇᜒᜎ᜔ ᜉᜌ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English boodle fight. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).


Sioson

Borrowed from Spanish Sioson, from Hokkien 小孫／小孙 (siáu-sun, “modest term of address for one's grandson”).


pagtumpa

pagtumpá (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ᜉ (Baybayin)


tunggak

(colloquial, offensive) doltish; stupid; foolish; incompetent (of a woman)


katunggakan

tl-noun

katunggakán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜃᜈ᜔)

katunggakán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜓᜅ᜔ᜄᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


tumal

dullness; slowness; sluggishness; inactivity (of a business or market sales)


tumpa

route; course; direction (of wind, etc.)


Tagala

[t̪ɐˈɣaː.lɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tagala, feminine form of tagalo (“Tagalog”).

feminine of Tagalog: female Tagalog (person)


Almendrala

tl-proper noun

Almendrala (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜎ)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜎ (Baybayin)


Macapugay

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Bulacan


palag

(figuratively) act of resistance; fighting back; retaliation


Cuasay

a surname, mostly concentrated in Batangas


de Sagun

[d̪ɛ ˈsaː.ɣʊn̪]


Abulencia

Abulénciá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

Abulénciá (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bʊˈlɛn̪.ʃɐ]


anak-araw

anák-araw (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌn̪ak ˈʔaː.ɾaʊ̯]


Pagcaliwagan

Pagcaliwagan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜎᜒᜏᜄᜈ᜔)

ᜉᜄ᜔ᜃᜎᜒᜏᜄᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From pagkaliwagan. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Pagcaliuagan. The spelling is an partial indigenization, influenced by Liwag (from earlier Liuag), largely displacing the original spelling.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tl">Pagcaliuagan</i>


anayad

[ʔɐˈn̪aː.jɐd̪̚]


Calalo

From kalalo. Old surname originating in Batangas.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas


banayad

(linguistics) penultimate (in syllable stress)


lingawngaw

lingawngáw (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅᜏ᜔ᜅᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lɪ.ŋaʊ̯ˈŋaʊ̯]

unintelligible murmur of a crowd (especially heard from a far distance)


kalinggalan

tl-noun

kalinggalán (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜈ᜔)

kalinggalán (canonical)
ᜃᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


maanak

[mɐˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


maanak

[mɐˈʔaː.n̪ɐk̚]


espiya

espiya or espiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜌ)

espiya (canonical)
espiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜌ (Baybayin)


anlaw

rinsed as the last process of washing (of clothes)


Dayanghirang

tl-proper noun

Dayanghirang (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜌᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜇᜅ᜔)

[d̪ɐ.jɐŋˈhiː.ɾɐŋ]

From Dayang Hirang (“the Chosen Lady”), the title and name of a noblewoman from Batangas, which became a cognomen after conversion to Christianity and was adopted as hereditary surname thereafter during Spanish rule.

a surname from Tagalog, most common in Batangas


anayo

anayo (canonical)
anayò (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


sukol

cornered; driven into a corner (thus unable to escape)


sukol

catching by cornering (of a criminal, fugitive, etc.)


anak-pawis

tl-noun

anák-pawis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜉᜏᜒᜐ᜔)

anák-pawis (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜃ᜔ᜉᜏᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From anak + pawis, literally “child of sweat”.


masurka

Borrowed from Spanish mazurca (“mazurka”).


Taguba

[t̪ɐˈɣuː.bɐ]


Dimailig

[d̪ɪ.mɐˈʔiː.lɪɡ̚]


Masangcay

Masangcáy (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜅ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


Torrecampo

tl-proper noun

Torrecampo (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜃᜋ᜔ᜉᜓ)


de Veyra

[d̪ɛ ˈveɪ̯.ɾɐ]

[d̪ɛ ˈbeɪ̯.ɾɐ]


litang

pried loose; dislodged (as of steps of stairs loosened or falling off)


Lingad

[ˈliː.ŋɐd̪̚]


Manguiat

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, most concentrated in Batangas


Exconde

ᜁᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)


Gatbonton

tl-proper noun

Gatbontón (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜆ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔)

Gatbontón (canonical)
ᜄᜆ᜔ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


linggi

(carpentry) narrow, deep, and long mortise on wood


Punongbayan

Púnongbáyan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ᜊᜌᜈ᜔)

Púnongbáyan (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜈᜓᜅ᜔ᜊᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From punong-bayan (modern pinunong-bayan), probably originating as a title adapted into surname by the principalía.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Cavite, Bulacan, Batangas and Laguna


Castrence

Castrence (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ)

ᜃᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, from castrense with spelling influenced by seseo.


Domantay

Domantáy (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


Manglicmot

Manglicmót (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜆ᜔)

Manglicmót (canonical)
ᜋᜅ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜋᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Of Ilocano origin, possibly from Ilocano manglikmut.


Armamento

Armamento (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish armamento (“armament”).


Pagtakhan

Pagtakhán (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜆᜃ᜔ᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From taka + pag- -han. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Pagtachan; spelling is an indigenization of the original, dating from around the late 19th century.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Cavite


Villagracia

tl-proper noun

Villagracia (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜄ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

[vɪl.jɐˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]

[bɪl.jɐˈɡɾaː.ʃɐ]


dela Calzada

tl-head

delá Calzada (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜎ ᜃᜎ᜔ᜐᜇ)

delá Calzada (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎ ᜃᜎ᜔ᜐᜇ (Baybayin)


Arrogante

[ʔɐ.ɾoˈɣan̪.t̪ɛ]


Villaruz

Villarúz (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Caluag

tl-proper noun

Caluag (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎᜓᜏᜄ᜔ or ᜃᜎᜓᜀᜄ᜔)

[kɐˈluː.ɐɡ̚]

[kɐˈluː.ʔɐɡ̚]

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Bulacan


Venturina

[vɛn̪.t̪ʊˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

[bɛn̪.t̪ʊˈɾiː.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from venturina (“aventurine”).


Macapinlac

Macapinlác (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔)

Macapinlác (canonical)
ᜋᜃᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜎᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


lingming

lingmíng (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


Narag

[ˈn̪aː.ɾɐɡ̚]


lipya

tl-noun

lipyà or lipyâ (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜌ)

lipyà (canonical)
lipyâ (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Hokkien 犁壁 (lê-piah, “moldboard”, literally “plow wall”) as per Manuel (1948).


Herradura

tl-proper noun

Herradura (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜇᜓᜇ or ᜑᜒᜇᜇᜓᜇ)

[ʔɛ.ɾɐˈd̪uː.ɾɐ]

[hɛ.ɾɐˈd̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish, from herradura (“horseshoe”).


de Borja

Originally a noble form of Borja (from Spanish), or a toponymic surname, after Borja (town in Spain)


Mangaoang

[mɐˈŋaː.wɐŋ]

Borrowed from Pangasinan Mangaoang, from mangawang.


de Chavez

de Chavez (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ ᜆ᜔ᜐᜊᜒᜐ᜔)

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Dechavez, since reinterpreted as the particle de and the surname Chavez (from earlier Chaves) by rebracketing. Compare the Cebuano surnames Echavez and Luchavez.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, common in Batangas


padpo

dish mixture of vegetables and nuts with thick sauce


lingindayat

tl-noun

lingindayat or lingindayát (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜅᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜌᜆ᜔)

lingindayat (canonical)
lingindayát (canonical)
ᜎᜒᜅᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜌᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lɪ.ŋɪn̪ˈd̪aː.jɐt̪̚]

From lingi (“a type of grass”) + -n- + *dayat. Compare Kapampangan dayat (“rice field”).


Paragas

[pɐˈɾaː.ɣɐs]


Ricafort

Ricafórt (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜃᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Catalan Ricafort, probably from earlier Rocafort. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Catalan, mostly found in Quezon


Segismundo

tl-proper noun

Segismundo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ or ᜐᜒᜄᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜑᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)
ᜐᜒᜄᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


Tatlonghari

Tatlongharì (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜑᜇᜒ)

Tatlongharì (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜅ᜔ᜑᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐt̪.l̪oŋˈhaː.ɾɪʔ]

From Tatlong Hari (“Magi”, literally “three kings”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas, Laguna and Quezon


matabang isda

tl-noun

matabáng isdâ (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜊᜅ᜔ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ)

matabáng isdâ (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜊᜅ᜔ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.t̪ɐˌbaŋ ʔɪsˈd̪aʔ]


sapnit

(medicine) wound obtained by a slanting graze or stroke or something sharp (such as blade, bullet, etc.)


sangod

running into a protrusion on a surface that causes interruption (as in planing a piece of lumber)


Sto. Domingo

tl-proper noun

Sto. Domingo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ)

ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ ᜇᜓᜋᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Shorthand form of Santo Domingo, from Spanish.


sandakati

sandakatì (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜃᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


masamang damo

tl-noun

masamáng damó (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ ᜇᜋᜓ)

masamáng damó (canonical)
ᜋᜐᜋᜅ᜔ ᜇᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Ang masamang damo matagal mamatay.

(literally, “The bad grass takes long to die.”)


sanghid

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səŋ(ə)hij. Compare Malay sengit.


Sangalang

[sɐŋˈɡaː.lɐŋ]

From sanggalang (“to defend”). Can be loosely translated as "defender". Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Sangalan, respelled to match etymology.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Batangas


Tanglao

[t̪ɐn̪ˈlaʊ̯]


matamis ang dila

tl-adj

matamís ang dilà (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜇᜒᜎ)

matamís ang dilà (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜇᜒᜎ (Baybayin)


sangmukti

sangmuktî (canonical)
ᜐᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


sikwan

threaded, spindle-like tool for net-weaving


Maligaya

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


matigas ang ulo

matigás ang ulo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ)

matigás ang ulo (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜂᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.t̪ɪˌɣas ʔɐŋ ˈʔuː.lo]


monay

From Spanish monja + -ay, from Spanish pan de monja (literally “cloistered nun's bread”).

der

(colloquial, euphemistic) female sex organ


Bauzon

From Hokkien [Term?], via Spanish Bauzon.


lipana

extensive wandering looking for targets or victims (of pickpockets, government agents, etc.)


Tirona

[t̪ɪˈɾoː.n̪ɐ]


Menchavez

tl-proper noun

Menchavez (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜊᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐᜊᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Fontillas

Fontillas (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔)

ᜉᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Laquindanum

Laquindanum (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈᜓᜋ᜔)

ᜎᜃᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

a surname from Kapampangan, mostly concentrated in Pampanga


Remulla

a surname, most associated with the:
Remulla family of Cavite
Jonvic Remulla, Governor of Cavite


maygulang

[maɪ̯ˈɣuː.lɐŋ]


Magpayo

From magpayo (“to give advice”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Metro Manila, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija


Sta. Cruz

Sta. Cruz (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Shorthand form of Santa Cruz, from Spanish


sanggi

unintentional mention of something that brings up a painful memory


Polintan

Polintán (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Patiag

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Nueva Ecija and Quezon


Maghirang

[mɐɡˈhiː.ɾɐŋ]


Villamin

Víllamín (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜋᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Macasieb

Macasiéb (canonical)
ᜋᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.xɐˈʃɛb̚]


Pagdilao

Pagdiláo (canonical)
ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[pɐɡ.d̪ɪˈlaʊ̯]


Cabuhat

From kabuhat. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna and Nueva Ecija


Dumaguing

[d̪ʊˈmaː.ɣɪŋ]


Antiporda

Antiporda (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ)

ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐn̪.t̪ɪˈpoɾ.d̪ɐ]


Laxamana

Borrowed from Kapampangan Laxamana, American-era respelling of Lacsamana, from Sanskrit. Originated among the Kapampangan principalía.


Arquiza

[ʔɐɾˈkiː.zɐ]

[ʔɐɾˈkiː.sɐ]


Dijamco

Dijamco (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜑᜋ᜔ᜃᜓ or ᜇᜒᜇ᜔ᜌᜋ᜔ᜃᜓ)


Buenviaje

Buenviaje (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜑᜒ)

ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜑᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, taken from the name of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje).


Sta. Maria

Sta. Maria (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆ ᜋᜇᜒᜌ)

a Christian surname from Spanish, an abbreviated form of Santa Maria


Pinlac

Of Kapampangan origin. See also Macapinlac.


sanggano

Borrowed from Spanish zángano (“idler”).

idler; loafer; sponger; good-for-nothing fellow


Labastida

Borrowed from Spanish Labastida, from Basque Bastida.


salwa

many tasks accumulated unbegun, undone, and unfinished


Ticzon

Borrowed from Spanish Ticzon, from Hokkien 德孫／德孙 (tek-sun). See also Hokkien 叔孫／叔孙 (chek-sun).

Candaba
Pampanga
San Andres Apostol Church (Candaba)


panay

of one kind; pure; unmixed; all inclusive


panay

(obsolete) a type of rice planted in high places


Mangulabnan

Mangulabnán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅᜓᜎᜊ᜔ᜈᜈ᜔)

Mangulabnán (canonical)
ᜋᜅᜓᜎᜊ᜔ᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From mangulabnan, from kulaba. Old surname originating in Nueva Ecija.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Nueva Ecija


Cedeño

[sɛˈd̪ɛː.ɲo]


Magbitang

[mɐɡˈbiː.t̪ɐŋ]

Old surname originating in Nueva Ecija (them Upper Pampanga).

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Nueva Ecija and Bulacan


Kabigting

Kabigtíng (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜒᜄ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


Villasin

Villasín (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Barayuga

[bɐ.ɾɐˈjuː.ɣɐ]


Magadia

[mɐˈɣaː.d͡ʒɐ]

From mag-adya (“to deliver; to salvage; to redeem”). Originated among the principalía (local nobility) of Batangas.


Cabangbang

Cabangbáng (canonical)
ᜃᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


Mananquil

Mananquíl (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜅ᜔ᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


Talag

[ˈt̪aː.lɐɡ̚]


Mangalindan

Mangalindán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜅᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔)

Mangalindán (canonical)
ᜋᜅᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Abenojar

Abenojár (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜒᜈᜓᜑᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Jovellanos

Jovellanos (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜑᜓᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, originally a compound surname (Jove y Llanos).


Villaseñor

Villaseñór (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔)

Villaseñór (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Monsalud

Monsalúd (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Sacdalan

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Bulacan


Ebreo

Ebreo or Ébreó (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓ)

Ebreo (canonical)
Ébreó (canonical)
ᜁᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


Cudiamat

Cudiamat or Cudiamát (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜋᜆ᜔)

Cudiamat (canonical)
Cudiamát (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜋᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[kʊˈd͡ʒaː.mɐt̪̚]


Sabangan

Mountain Province
Mountain Province#English

A municipality of Mountain Province, Philippines.


Nicdao

[n̪ɪkˈd̪aʊ̯]

A barangay of Baungon, Bukidnon, Philippines


Southern Leyte

Southern Leyte (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜂᜆ᜔ᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜈ᜔ ᜎᜒᜌ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜐᜓᜂᜆ᜔ᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜈ᜔ ᜎᜒᜌ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ˌsaʊ̯.t̪əɹn̪ ˈleɪ̯.t̪ɛ]

Borrowed from English Southern Leyte, from southern + Leyte.

Southern Leyte (a province of Eastern Visayas, Visayas, Philippines; capital and largest city: Maasin)


Cachuela

[kɐˈt͡ʃwɛː.lɐ]


Abrera

[ʔɐˈbɾɛː.ɾɐ]


Bulaong

Borrowed from Kapampangan, from bulaun (“molave”).


Yuvienco

ᜌᜓᜊ᜔ᜌᜒᜅ᜔ᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


Agregado

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɛˈɣaː.d̪o]


Lagunday

Lagundáy (canonical)
ᜎᜄᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lɐ.ɣʊn̪ˈd̪aɪ̯]


Caraan

[kɐˈɾaː.ʔɐn̪]

From kadaan. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


Ramiscal

Ramiscál (canonical)
ᜇᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


Salvanera

[sɐl.vɐˈn̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

[sɐl.bɐˈn̪ɛː.ɾɐ]

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .


Edrada

[ʔɛd̪ˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]


Resuello

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜏᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)


Buenaflor

tl-proper noun

Buenaflór (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔)

Buenaflór (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Oconer

[ˌʔoː.xoˈn̪ɛɾ]


Buencamino

Buencamino (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜃᜋᜒᜈᜓ)

ᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ᜔ᜃᜋᜒᜈᜓ (Baybayin)


Montealto

Montealto (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜎ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


Gerodias

Geródiás or Gerodias (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ or ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜌᜐ᜔)

Geródiás (canonical)
Gerodias (canonical)
ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜑᜒᜇᜓᜇᜒᜌᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[hɛˈɾoː.d͡ʒɐs]


Bantugan

[bɐn̪ˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]

Borrowed from Cebuano Bantugan. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

a surname from Cebuano, common in Bataan


Sumibcay

Sumibcáy (canonical)
ᜐᜓᜋᜒᜊ᜔ᜃᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


Tamondong

Tamondóng (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


Alfeche

[ʔɐlˈfɛː.t͡ʃɛ]

[ʔɐlˈpɛː.t͡ʃɛ]


Recto

a surname, most associated with the:
Recto political family of Batangas
Claro M. Recto

a surname, most associated with the:
Recto political family of Batangas
Ralph Recto


Monteclaro

Monteclaro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ᜔ᜎᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


parokyano

(business) patron; regular customer, as of a certain store or restaurant


Ranada

[ɾɐˈn̪aː.d̪ɐ]


de Guzman

de Guzmán (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔)

de Guzmán (canonical)
ᜇᜒ ᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

a common surname from Spanish, most concentrated in Metro Manila, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija


Bumanlag

Bumanlág (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


Magallanes

Magallanes (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from Spanish Magallanes, from Portuguese Magalhães.
The places are named after Ferdinand Magellan (Spanish: Fernando de Magallanes); the place in Agusan del Norte claimed to be the location of the first Mass in the Philippines.

Several municipalities in the Philippines

Agusan del Norte
Agusan del Norte#English

A municipality of Agusan del Norte, Philippines

A barangay of Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines


gitnang pangalan

tl-noun

gitnáng pangalan (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅᜎᜈ᜔)

gitnáng pangalan (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜆ᜔ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜉᜅᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ɡɪt̪ˌn̪am pɐˈŋaː.lɐn̪]


nguya

Uncertain. Blust 2010- tentatively posits this is from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋuyaq, and is cognate with Malay kunyah, but this comparison is phonologically problematic, and the most likely origin of the word being a back-formation from hypothetical *manguyà (mang- + *kuyà), *kuyà being from the tentative reconstruction *kuyaq.


paktor

paktor or paktór (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

paktor (canonical)
paktór (canonical)
ᜉᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English factor or from Spanish factor.


Leyte

A province of Eastern Visayas, Visayas, Philippines. Capital and largest city: Tacloban

An island in Eastern Visayas, Visayas, Philippines

A municipality of Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Visayas, Philippines


Cendaña

[sɛn̪ˈd̪aː.ɲɐ]


Caraig

[kɐˈɾaː.ʔɪɡ̚]


Manalaysay

Manalaysáy (canonical)
ᜋᜈᜎᜌ᜔ᜐᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

From manalaysay. Compare Kapampangan Manalese.


Lumanlan

Lumanlán (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋᜈ᜔ᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Suguitan

[sʊˈɣiː.t̪ɐn̪]


kilaw

prepared by cutting into small pieces and marinated (in vinegar with salt, onion, black pepper, and other condiments, of a fish or meat dish)

young; juvenile; youthful; inexperienced


kilaw

act of preparing by cutting into small pieces and marinated (in vinegar with salt, onion, black pepper, and other condiments, of a fish or meat dish, eaten half-cooked or raw)

kinilaw (Filipino ceviche dish consisting of cubed raw fish marinated in vinegar or calamondin juice along with vegetables and spices)

green fruit (especially mango) sliced and marinated with salt, onion, and black pepper


Medenilla

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Medinilla. Spelling reflects a change of unstressed /i/ to ⟨e⟩.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, mostly concentrated in Quezon


Pagdanganan

tl-proper noun

Pagdanganan (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜄ᜔ᜇᜅᜈᜈ᜔)

[pɐɡ.d̪ɐˈŋaː.n̪ɐn̪]

From dangan + pag- -an. Old surname originating in Bulacan.

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Bulacan


Benipayo

a surname from Tagalog, common in Cavite and Laguna


Cadapan

a surname from Tagalog, mostly concentrated in Laguna and Occidental Mindoro


Cagalingan

[kɐ.ɣɐˈliː.ŋɐn̪]


tulad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tulad. Also possibly borrowed from Malay teladan, ultimately from Sanskrit तुला (tulā, “likeness, balance”).

der

likeness; something similar or alike to another


akolito

Borrowed from Spanish acólito, from Late Latin acolythus, from Ancient Greek ἀκόλουθος (akólouthos, “follower, attendant”).


bakong

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bakuŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *bakuŋ.


Almaden

[ʔɐl.mɐˈd̪ɛn̪]

Borrowed from Spanish Almadén, from Arabic اَلْمَعْدِن (al-maʕdin, “the mine”).


Zavalla

Variant of Spanish Zavala, alternative spelling of Zabala, from Basque


dela Vega

delá Vega (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎ ᜊᜒᜄ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛˌla ˈvɛː.ɣɐ]

[d̪ɛˌla ˈbɛː.ɣɐ]


gawak

wasting of funds; misappropriation of money or property


pamalo

spanker (instrument for spanking, usually a stick)


inip

From Proto-Austronesian *qinəp (“lie down to sleep”), according to Zorc (1985). Compare Javanese ꦲꦶꦤꦼꦥ꧀ (inep) and Malay inep.


demonyo

Borrowed from Spanish demonio, from Latin daemonium, from Ancient Greek δαιμόνιον (daimónion).


demonyo

(vulgar) said in anger, annoyance or other strong emotion


Bulanhagui

a surname from Tagalog, most common in Batangas


kapatawaran

kapatawarán (canonical)
ᜃᜉᜆᜏᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


pantiyon

pantiyón (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Corpus

Borrowed from Latin, likely a reference to the Corpus Christi.


kinatawan

kinatawán (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜈᜆᜏᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From katawan + -in-, literally “embodied”.

(politics) congressman; congresswoman; delegate; representative


kinatawan

representing someone (in a certain capacity or responsibility)


indulhensiya

tl-noun

indulhénsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

indulhénsiyá (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.d̪ʊlˈhɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Sapagkat iniisip nilang ipatatawag sila'y naghintay ang mga nabanggit sa pamamagitan ng pagtatalu-talo ukol sa pagpaparami ng indulhensiya plenarya at sa pagkakasunud-sunod ng mga dasal. Nauwi ang usapan sa pagpaparunggitan na ...

year unknown, Noli Me Tangere Ni Jose Rizal 1999 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 90

Pinupuna, halimbawa, ang mangmang at kakatwang pagpapalalo ng mga taong nagsasabing sila'y deboto, na walang katuturang nagtatalo kung sino sa kanila ang nagkaroon ng higit na indulhensiya para makapagligtas ng mga kaluluwang ...

1991, José Rizal, Patricia Melendrez- Cruz, Apolonio Bayani Chua, Himalay: Kalipunan ng mga pag-aaral kay José Rizal

Sa pagsusumanga ni J. de Man, “Pinagsasamantalahan itong [panahon] ng mga Indio para makarami ng indulhensiya at mga sagradong medalyon." Ngunit sa mundong temporal mayroong madalas napagkakanyaw, wika nga, isang ...

1995, Arnold Molina Azurin, Reinventing the Filipino Sense of Being & Becoming: Critical Analyses of the Orthodox Views in Anthropology, History, Folklore & Letters, University of the Philippines Press


kislap

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *kis(ə)láp. Compare Ilocano kislap and Cebuano kislap.


reseta

[ɾɛˈsɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish receta, from Latin recepta.


Bool

From buol (“ankle”) or Bikol Central buol (“heel”).

a surname of southern Tagalog or Bicolano origin


Aldover

Aldovér (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


Malihan

a surname from Tagalog, common in Batangas and variant of Malijan based on abakada spelling


Palacol

Hispanicized spelling of palakol (“axe”).

a surname from Tagalog, most common in Cavite and Laguna


Ragudo

[ɾɐˈɣuː.d̪o]


Dimatatac

Dimatatác (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜋᜆᜆᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


pasukan

tl-verb

pasukan (complete pinasukan, progressive pinapasukan, contemplative papasukan, 1st directional trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜐᜓᜃᜈ᜔)

pinasukan (completive)
pinapasukan (progressive)
papasukan (contemplative)
trigger (directional first-person)
ᜉᜐᜓᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
pasok (root)
object (focus)
benefactive (focus)
directional (focus)
pasukan (infinitive)
pinasukan (completive root)
pinapasukan (progressive root)
inapasukan (dialectal progressive root)
papasukan (contemplative)
apasukan (contemplative dialectal)
pasuki (dialectal imperative)

pasukan

to serve as the entrance or the way of entry of something


Banawa

From Cebuano Banawa, from banawa (“rice paddy”).


Aguda

[ʔɐˈɣuː.d̪ɐ]

Ultimately from Spanish aguda, feminine form of agudo (“sharp, keen”).


Arcinas

[ʔɐɾˈsiː.n̪ɐs]


Calinisan

From kalinisan (“cleanliness”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, common in Batangas


Endaya

[ʔɛn̪ˈd̪aː.jɐ]

Alternate Spanish transcription of Basque Hendaia (“Hendaye; town in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France”), usually transcribed as Hendaya.

der

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


de la Cruz

tl-proper noun

de la Cruz (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ ᜎ ᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜐ᜔)


dela Torre

delá Torre (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜎ ᜆᜓᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛˌla ˈt̪oː.ɾɛ]

Borrowed from Spanish de la Torre. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as de la Torre.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, common in Metro Manila, Bulacan and Laguna


Trillanes

tl-proper noun

Trillanes (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

a surname, most associated with Antonio Trillanes IV


Boongaling

Boongalíng (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜂᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜒᜅ᜔)

Boongalíng (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜂᜅ᜔ᜄᜎᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos then as Boongalin, eventually respelled Boongaling.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Tagalog, mostly found in Batangas


kolonyalismo

tl-noun

kolonyalismo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜌᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish colonialismo. By surface analysis, kolonyal + -ismo.


panyakit

panyakít (canonical)
ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌᜃᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)


laskuta

Borrowed from Spanish la escota (“the sailing sheet”).


laganas

slashing noise of falling timber (produced from break at trunk)


laguslos

laguslós (canonical)
ᜎᜄᜓᜐ᜔ᜎᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

sound of trickling water over a rough surface

fast current of water passing through a rough surface or through rapids


hirol

squirming or writhing pain (as when one's finger is hit with a hammer)


lanlan

singing without the proper lyrics (especially with the syllables lan)


lapig

(nautical) a type of sea vessel (similar to a biray)


langyot

caressing expression in a baby-talk manner accompanied by fondling (usually from child to parent)


langkaw

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋkaw.


silay

glimpse; brief, quick look; passing look


hugpong

juncture; point of connection between two things

addition to the side of something (to enlarge or lengthen it further)


tiyong

tl-noun

tiyóng (feminine tiyang, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜅ᜔)

tiyóng (canonical)
tiyang (feminine)
ᜆᜒᜌᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


luwang

From Proto-Philippine *luaŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luaŋ (“wide open space”), from Proto-Austronesian *luaŋ (“hole in the ground, wide open space”).

inh

(by extension) size; measurement (of clothing apparel, etc.)


idaw

Compare Ilocano idaw, Limos Kalinga idaw, Central Bontoc idew / ichew, Batad Ifugao īdaw, Tuwali Ifugao ido.

[ˈʔiː.d̪aʊ̯]

(zoology) rooster with black and white plumage and black legs


idaw

[ˈʔiː.d̪aʊ̯]

Idaw nga kung may alahas ka?

(literally, “How about a display if you have jewelries?”)

dare to display or demonstrate something (usually said with nga)


lubay

cessation; relaxation; easing up (of jokes, insults, reproaches, etc.)

looseness (state of not being stretched)


piho

Borrowed from Spanish fijo, from Latin fīxus.

Pihong ikaw ay mapapatay.

1917, Leonard Bloomfield, Tagalog texts with grammatical analysis, page 24


layanglayang

tl-noun

láyangláyang (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜌᜅ᜔ᜎᜌᜅ᜔)

láyangláyang (canonical)
ᜎᜌᜅ᜔ᜎᜌᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


balatok

balatok or balatók (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜆᜓᜃ᜔)

balatok (canonical)
balatók (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


balatok

act of hitting or striking with a piece of short and slender object


gitgit

[ɡɪt̪ˈɡit̪̚]

jostling; act of elbowing one's way into a thick crowd

small nick; small cut (made by a bladed instrument)

cutting of a small nick (by pressing backward and forward a bladed instrument)

welt left by tight binding material (such as string, wire, cord, etc.)