sero

Borrowed from Spanish cero, from New Latin zerum, from Medieval Latin zephirum, from Andalusian Arabic صِفْر (ṣífr), from Classical Arabic صِفْر (ṣifr, “zero, nothing, empty, void”). Doublet of sipra.


Aleman

tl-noun

Alemán (feminine Alemana, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔)

Alemán (canonical)
Alemana (feminine)
ᜀᜎᜒᜋᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alemán, from French allemand, from Late Latin Alemannus.

German (inhabitant of Germany or person from German descent)


Ginoo

[ɡɪˈn̪oː.ʔo]

Ginoong (G.) Juan Dela Cruz

Ginoong (G.) Dela Cruz

(formal) honorific used before the name of a gentleman: Mister; Mr.

Ginoong Maria

(archaic) honorific used before a name of a lady of rank: Madam; Lady


Hudyo

Borrowed from Spanish judío (“Jew”), from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (Yehudi).


Mang

Mang Tomas

(colloquial) honorific used before the name of an elderly man: Mister


Kurisma

Early borrowing from Spanish Cuaresma, from Old Spanish quaraesma, from Latin quadrāgēsima (“the fortieth part; Lent”), substantive of quadrāgēsimus (“fortieth”).


kumpil

Clipping of earlier variant kumpilma, attested in Vocabulario de lengua tagala (1613), from Early Modern Spanish confirmar. Doublet of kumpirma and kumpilma. Also possibly from Spanish cumplir.


Koreano

tl-noun

Koreano (feminine Koreana, Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜇᜒᜌᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish coreano. By surface analysis, Korea + -ano.


Notsebuwena

tl-proper noun

Nótsebuwéna (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ)

Nótsebuwéna (canonical)
ᜈᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜓᜏᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

[ˌn̪oː.t͡ʃɛˈbwɛː.n̪ɐ]


pasasalamat

From pa- + salamat with initial reduplication.


Kastila

From Classical Malay كستيل (Kastila, “Castile, Castilian, Spaniard”), possibly either:
* Portuguese Castela (“Castile”)
* Arabic قَسَاطِلَة (qasāṭila, “Castilians”), as in Arabic قَشْتَالَة (qaštāla, “Castille”) and بِلَاد الْقَسَاطِلَة (bilād al-qasāṭila, “the country of Castilians”) as per Potet (2013, 2016).
Both ultimately from Latin castella (“little forts, castles”), plural diminutive of castrum (“fort”). Cognate with Cebuano Katsila, Maranao Kastila, Maguindanao Kastila, and Tausug Kastila'. Doublet of Kastilya.


Ingles

tl-noun

Inglés (feminine Inglesa, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Inglés (canonical)
Inglesa (feminine)
ᜁᜅ᜔ᜄ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish inglés, from Old French angleis, from Old English Englisc.


pariugat

[pɐ.ɾɪ.ʔʊˈɣat̪̚]

Blend of parisukat (“square”) + ugat (“root”). Calque of English square root.


sipnayan

Blend of isip (“to think; mind”) + hanayan.


Miyerkoles

tl-noun

Miyérkolés (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

Miyérkolés (canonical)
ᜋᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish miércoles, from Latin diēs Mercuriī (“day of Mercury”).


Todos los Santos

tl-proper noun

Todos los Santos (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔ ᜎᜓᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔ ᜎᜓᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ellipsis of Spanish Día de Todos los Santos (“All Saints' Day”).


abakada

From the names of the first four letters in the Abakada alphabet. Compare Cebuano abakadhan.

Ang mga bata ay nag-aral ng abakada sa paaralan.

The children studied the alphabet in school.


Septiyembre

tl-proper noun

Septiyembre (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ)

ᜐᜒᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜌᜒᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)


palaulatan

paláulátan (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜂᜎᜆᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Tsina

Borrowed from Spanish China (“China”), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna), possibly ultimately from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin).

[ˈt͡ʃiː.n̪ɐ]


Tsina

Borrowed from Spanish china (“Chinese woman”).

bor+

[ˈt͡ʃiː.n̪ɐ]

(literary) female equivalent of Tsino: female Chinese (person)


silangan

From silang + -an, literally “place of rising (of the sun)”. See also Latin oriens.

suffix

Sumisikat ang araw sa silangan at lumulubog sa kanluran.

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.


silangan

tl-verb

silangan (complete sinilangan, progressive sinisilangan, contemplative sisilangan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔)

sinilangan (completive)
sinisilangan (progressive)
sisilangan (contemplative)
ᜐᜒᜎᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
lang (root)
silangan (infinitive)
sinilangan (completive root)
sinisilangan (progressive root)
inasilangan (dialectal progressive root)
sisilangan (contemplative objective)
asilangan (contemplative dialectal objective)
silangi (dialectal imperative objective)

silangan

to be born in; to have as one's birthplace


Intsik

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡ʃik̚]

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien, possibly 引叔 (ín-chek, “uncle”) or 𪜶叔 (in chek, literally “his/her/their uncle”). Compare Cebuano Insik, Malay encik, Indonesian encek, Thai เจ๊ก (jék).

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory or vulgar) Chinaman; Chinese (person)

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory or vulgar) Chinese language


Intsik

[ʔɪn̪ˈt͡ʃik̚]

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory or vulgar) Chinese (pertaining to China and the Chinese culture)


tayahan

tayahan (complete tinayahan, progressive tinatayahan, contemplative tatayahan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔)

tinayahan (completive)
tinatayahan (progressive)
tatayahan (contemplative)
ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
taya (root)
tayahan (infinitive)
tinayahan (completive root)
tinatayahan (progressive root)
inatayahan (dialectal progressive root)
tatayahan (contemplative objective)
atayahan (contemplative dialectal objective)
tayahi (dialectal imperative objective)

tayahan


tayahan

tl-noun

tayahán or táyáhan (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔)

tayahán (canonical)
táyáhan (canonical)
ᜆᜌᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

calculator (instrument or machine for calculating or estimating)

calculation; act of calculating or estimating


Euklides

tl-proper noun

Euklides (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ or ᜁᜏ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜌᜓᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)
ᜁᜏ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Euclides, from Ancient Greek Εὐκλείδης (Eukleídēs).


tonsura

act of shaving the crown of the head into a tonsure


Isidro

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Isidore

a surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], notably borne by:

Agot Isidro, Filipina recording personality


tagok

movement of the throat when one gulps or swallows something (and the sound made)


rayos X

ᜇᜌᜓᜐ᜔ ᜁᜃᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

radiograph (photograph made with X-rays)


pupo

(obsolete) act of cutting a tree at the foot of it

(childish, slang) Alternative spelling of pupu (“feces; poop”)


pupo

broken or chopped off near the base or root


pupo

(obsolete) removal of inedible parts of food to separate the edible part (of chicken, fish, crab, shrimp, corn, beans, etc.)

(obsolete) stringing and cutting into small pieces of beans (in preparation for cooking)


meron

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


kulas

banker's share or commission in gambling bets


kulas

nickname for a boy (especially a servant)


bisagra

hinge (jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.)


pulgas

Borrowed from Spanish pulgas, plural of pulga.


militarismo

tl-noun

militarismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜆᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish militarismo. By surface analysis, militar + -ismo.


galon

chevron (insignia of military or police rank on the sleeve)


perlas

Borrowed from Spanish perlas, plural of perla (“pearl”).


roon

there (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


ikaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i-kahu (compare Bikol Central ika, Cebuano ikaw, Chamorro hao, Hawaiian ʻoe, Hiligaynon ikaw, Malay engkau, Maori koe, Rapa Nui koe, and Waray-Waray ikaw), from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kaSu (compare Atayal isu', Amis kiso, Bunun kasu, and Rukai kusu).


ikaw

Ikaw, kung gusto mo.


tornilyo

ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜎ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish tornillo, from Latin tornus, from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos).


sabila

Borrowed from Spanish sábila, zábila, from Andalusian Arabic صَبِيرَ (ṣabíra), from Arabic صِبَر (ṣibar), from Aramaic, from Akkadian. Doublet of aksibal.


salapi

From salap (“judge's fees”) + -i, from Arabic صَرْف (ṣarf, “money exchange; change; money”) and possibly confused with Arabic أَشْرَفِيّ (ʔašrafiyy, “gold coin; ducat”), according to Potet (2013). Another etymology suggested is from Malay se- + Malay rupiah, according to Panganiban (1972).

der

(historical) tostón (coin worth four Spanish reales)


sebo

Borrowed from Spanish sebo, from Latin sēbum.


cholla

tl-noun

cholla (masculine chollo, Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎ)


kabo

Borrowed from Spanish cabo, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput. Doublet of hepe and tsip.


Diyos ko

Diyós ko! (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ ᜃᜓ (Baybayin)


diyos

diyós (feminine diyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔)

diyós (canonical)
diyosa (feminine)
ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish dios, from Latin deus (“god, deity”). Doublet of dia, Hupiter, and Zeus.


Diyos

Borrowed from Spanish Dios, from Latin Deus. See diyos.


sidras

Borrowed from Spanish sidras, plural of sidra (“cider”).

Babawalan niya ang kaniyang sarili pag inom ng alak pagkain ng karne masarap na sidras kusang itatangi't sa gracia ng Dios puso'y mawiwili.

1898, Joaquin Mañibo, Mga dakilang Kababalaghan likha ng̃ Martir sa Kalvario

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


wika

Said to be borrowed from Sanskrit, possibilities are:
* Sanskrit जिह्विका (jihvikā), feminine of जिह्वक (jihvaka, “tongue”), derived from जिह्वा (jihvā́, “tongue”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s and a possible doublet of lengguwahe.
* Sanskrit वाक (vāka, “sounding; speaking; chattering; murmuring”) or Sanskrit वाक्य (vākya, “speech; saying; assertion; statement; command; words”), according to Juan Francisco (1963, 1973). Related to basa.
* Sanskrit विवेक (viveka, “consideration; discussion; investigation”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).
Compare also Malay beka.

cog

Ang wika ng mga Amerikano

Ang wikang Tagalog

Wika ko'y malayo pa ay narito na tayo.

My thoughts are it's still far but we're already here.

Maiging wika iyan.


itali

tl-verb

italì (complete itinali, progressive itinatali, contemplative itatali, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜆᜎᜒ)

italì (canonical)
itinali (completive)
itinatali (progressive)
itatali (contemplative)
ᜁᜆᜎᜒ (Baybayin)
tali (root)
itali (infinitive)
itinali (completive root)
itinatali (progressive root)
inatali (dialectal progressive root)
itatali (contemplative objective)
atali (contemplative dialectal objective)
itali (imperative objective)
talian (dialectal imperative objective)

tl-infl-i

itali

itali

[ʔɪˈt̪aː.lɪʔ]

to tie the arms and legs together (with a rope, wire, etc.)

to tie the person or thing to a post, tree, etc.


shunga

From tanga, with the first syllable replaced with shu-. Compare shuta (from puta) and shupatid (from kapatid).

(gay slang, colloquial) foolish; idiotic


separatista

tl-noun

separatista (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

separatist (someone advocating or seeking the separation of one country or territory into two politically independent countries or territories)


moralidad

moralidád (canonical)
ᜋᜓᜇᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish moralidad, from Latin mōrālitās, from moral + -idad.


damuhan

Ang berde ng damuhan. Ang sarap takbuhan.

The field is so green. Running through it is enticing.


damuhan

tl-verb

damuhán (complete dinamuhan, progressive dinadamuhan, contemplative dadamuhan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜋᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

damuhán (canonical)
dinamuhan (completive)
dinadamuhan (progressive)
dadamuhan (contemplative)
ᜇᜋᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
damo (root)
damuhan (infinitive)
dinamuhan (completive root)
dinadamuhan (progressive root)
inadamuhan (dialectal progressive root)
dadamuhan (contemplative directional)
adamuhan (contemplative dialectal directional)
damuhi (dialectal directional imperative)

damuhan


manong

tl-noun

manong (feminine manang, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜓᜅ᜔)

desctree

→ Ilocano: manong, nong — casual, informal (or directly from Spanish)
→ Hawaiian Creole: manong

From a clipping of Spanish hermano (“brother”) + -ng.

(colloquial) term of address for an elderly man; mister


krus

cross marks or lines (as of a plus sign)


pa-

From Proto-Philippine *pa-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pa-, from Proto-Austronesian *pa-.

pa- + punta (“destination”) → papunta (“be coming/ be going/ be arriving/ be on the way”)

pa- + tapos (“end”) → patapos (“be about to end”)

Patapos na ang pelikula.

adverbial prefix - indicates process of performing the action of the verb

Patapon naman 'to sa basurahan.

Could you please throw this to the trash can?

pa- + dala (“carry”) → padala (“remittance/ package [an object that is requested to be brought or sent]”)

pa- + piging (“a banquet”) → papiging (“a banquet that is organized by someone [usually followed by "ng organization" or "ni name of person"]”)

noun prefix - indicates an object that is ordered or requested to be processed according to the root word

Pa-Espanya ako.


Nene

[ˈn̪ɛː.n̪ɛʔ]

"Nene" ang tawag namin kay Ederlyn.
"Nene" is what we call Ederlyn.

a common nickname given to a young Filipina


manang

tl-noun

manang (masculine manong, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜅ᜔)

From a clipping of Spanish hermana (“sister”) + -ng.

(colloquial) term of address for an elderly woman; madam


sopas

Borrowed from Spanish sopas, plural of sopa (“soup”).

sopas (Filipino macaroni soup with evaporated milk)


hukot

Borrowed from Hokkien 負骨／负骨 (hù-kut), according to Manuel (1948).

(figurative) surrender; admission of one's defeat or inferiority


hukot

bent-backed; stooped; round-shouldered; hunchbacked


aretes

[ʔɐˈɾɛː.t̪ɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish aretes, plural of arete. Compare Cebuano aritis, Hiligaynon aritos, Ilocano aritos.


letrina

[lɛˈt̪ɾiː.n̪ɐ]


aders

[ˈʔaː.d̪əɹs]

Makikain ka naman kaya sa aming kaibigan mo? Para ka namang aders.

Can you eat with us, your friends? You seem to be [acting as if] not belonging.


lapuyot

Possibly borrowed from Hiligaynon lapuyot (“thickness; viscosity”).

bor+

fluid (any state of matter which can flow)


laplap

From Proto-Philippine *lapláp. Compare Hiligaynon laplap.

excoriation; skinning; flaying with a knife (of skin, meat, hide, etc.)

(colloquial, vulgar) passionate kissing; torrid kissing


latok

From Chinese [Term?], possibly Hokkien 六仙桌 (la̍k-sian-toh, “a kind of table”). Compare Bikol Central latok and Hiligaynon latok.

der

provisional, low table for kitchen use (crudely made of cheap wood such as tangile)


latok

Telosma procumbens (woody vine with slender branches)


serip

Borrowed from English sheriff, from Middle English shirreve, from Old English sċīrġerēfa.


kabesera

[kɐ.bɛˈsɛː.ɾɐ]


hiyas

Possibly related to Malay hias (“embellishment; decorate”). Some theorize it to be from Spanish joyas, but unlikely according to Potet (2016) as it was pronounced /ˈʃoʝas/ (expected *suyas if borrowed) until around the 17th century.


sibat

(figurative) sudden flight or escape (as of a wanted criminal)


tindak

recoil (of a spring, rubber band, gum, etc.)


tikling

Gallirallus striatus
Gallirallus striatus#Translingual

rail (any member of the family Rallidae)

slaty-breasted rail (Gallirallus striatus)

Gallirallus philippensis
Gallirallus philippensis#Translingual

buff-banded rail (Gallirallus philippensis)

Gallirallus torquatus
Gallirallus torquatus#Translingual


kabalyero

Borrowed from Spanish caballero, from Late Latin caballārius.

Delonix regia
Delonix regia#Translingual

(botany) royal poinciana (Delonix regia)

(botany) peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima)


tesorero

tl-noun

tesorero (feminine tesorera, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜐᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)


telepono

teléponó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜎᜒᜉᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

(by extension) cellular phone; mobile phone


salakay

Compare Bikol Central salakay, Hiligaynon salakay, Kapampangan salake, and Sambali salakay.

raid (such as police raids, air raids, etc.)


sabak

blind involvement (in something one hardly expects to be able to do)

notch or mortise on a post to hold a beam or rafter

notch at the end of the arrow shaft for setting on the cord of the bow

unusual and unauthorized use for self advantage of food supplies


sagad

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sagád (“to reach the limit”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saʀad (“heavily loaded”).

inh

penetrating; reaching through and through; reaching to the other side

(figurative) having reached the limit (of one's self-control)

sunk to the hilt (of blades in their sheaths)

having reached the end (of a kite's string)


sagad

snare for catching birds, chickens, and other fowl (composed of a series of running nooses)

catching of birds, chickens, and other fowl with such a snare


sagad

[ˈsaː.ɣɐd̪̚]

at the height of fame, success, impressive activity, grandeur, greatness, etc.


sablay

Possibly from Proto-Philippine *sab(ə)láy (“to hang, drape over something”). Compare Ibatan sabhay, Batad Ifugao habluy, Tuwali Ifugao hable, Kapampangan sable, Bikol Central sablay, Aklanon sabeay, Cebuano sablay, Maranao sablay, and Tausug sablay.
The “sash” sense is from the sablay garment used by the University of the Philippines created by six professors from UP Diliman, as inspired by the malong of Muslim Mindanao, to be worn diagonally across the chest on formal occasions, perhaps named as such due to the sense of “to hang over” in other Philippine languages like Cebuano.

wide of the mark; not striking the target aimed at


sablay

miss; failure (to hit, guess, answer, etc.)

oblique or indirect hint; insinuation; innuendo

hard, quick but indirect blow with the fist

swiftness due to lightness (such as of a small boat)

University of the Philippines
w:University of the Philippines

academic regalia sash worn across the chest (especially used during graduations of the University of the Philippines)

(by extension) any garment hung over the shoulder for formal wear

(obsolete) hit to the side (with a fist or with a weapon)

(obsolete, by extension) act of affronting or insulting another with words as if one does not speak to the other

(obsolete, by extension) act of saying something to another so that the person who did something would understand it


timawa

Possibly related to Classical Malay istimewa (“special; privilege”), which is said to have come from Sanskrit आस्तामेव (āstāmeva, literally “May it keep on being so.”).
Compare Kapampangan timaua, Cebuano timawa, Hiligaynon timawa, and Ilocano timmawa.

noncog

(colloquial, rare) poor or destitute person

(historical) privileged intermediate class

(obsolete) act of freeing oneself from danger or calamity


timawa

(obsolete) free; emancipated (of a former slave)


hubog

act of forming or shaping into certain forms (especially by bending)

act of shaping or bending something (in the form of an arc, arch, bow, or curve)

(figurative) act of training someone to develop a certain character or trait


hubog

(figurative) trained; well-disciplined; well-trained


timbangan

time or schedule of weighing (of boxers, etc.)

Aristolochia tagala
Wikispecies:Aristolochia tagala

(botany) Indian birthwort (Aristolochia tagala)


timbangan

tl-verb

timbangán (complete tinimbangan, progressive tinitimbangan, contemplative titimbangan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜅᜈ᜔)

timbangán (canonical)
tinimbangan (completive)
tinitimbangan (progressive)
titimbangan (contemplative)
ᜆᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
timbang (root)
timbangan (infinitive)
tinimbangan (completive root)
tinitimbangan (progressive root)
inatimbangan (dialectal progressive root)
titimbangan (contemplative objective)
atimbangan (contemplative dialectal objective)
timbangi (dialectal imperative objective)

timbangan

to provide something with a suitable pair

to give in return for something received


hugot

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huʀut, from Proto-Austronesian *Suʀut. Compare Bikol Central hugot and Cebuano hugot.

pulling out; drawing (as from a hole such as a container, finger, etc.)

picking; selection (from a selection of candidates)

adaptation (in art, literature, conduct, etc.)

(slang, sometimes humorous) drawn-up, negative emotions (usually of emotional heartbreak)


hugot

(slang, sometimes humorous) drawn up; pulled out (of negative emotions, usually of emotional heartbreak)


babaan

Maaari lamang na sumakay at bumaba sa EDSA Carousel sa mga lugar ng tamang sakayan at babaan.

You can only board and disembark on the EDSA Carousel at the correct areas for loading and unloading.

act of alighting (from a vehicle or animal)


babaan

babaán (complete binabaan, progressive binababaan, contemplative bababaan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜊᜀᜈ᜔)

babaán (canonical)
binabaan (completive)
binababaan (progressive)
bababaan (contemplative)
ᜊᜊᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
baba (root)
bumaba (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumaba (completive root trigger-actor)
bumababa (progressive trigger-actor)
nababa (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
bababa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mababa (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kabababa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakababa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
babaan (directional infinitive root)
binabaan (completive directional root)
binababaan (directional progressive)
inababaan (dialectal directional progressive)
bababaan (contemplative directional)
ababaan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagbabaan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbabaan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbabaan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbababaan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbabaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbababaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibaba (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinaba (benefactive completive root)
ibinababa (benefactive progressive)
ibababa (benefactive contemplative)
ipambaba (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambaba (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambaba (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambaba (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikababa (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinababa (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinabababa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakababa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikabababa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibaba (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinaba (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinababa (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibababa (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibaba (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinaba (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinababa (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibababa (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpababa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpababa (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapababa (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapababa (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapabababa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapababa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapababa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapababa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pababain (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinababa (actor-secondary completive)
pinabababa (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapababa (actor-secondary progressive)
pabababain (actor-secondary contemplative)
papababain (actor-secondary contemplative)
pababaan (directional infinitive)
pinababaan (completive directional)
pinapababaan (directional progressive)
pinabababaan (directional progressive)
papababaan (contemplative directional)
pabababaan (contemplative directional)
ipagpababa (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpababa (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapababa (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpababa (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapababa (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpababa (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpababa (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpababa (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapababa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpababa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapababa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpababaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpababaan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapabababaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpababaan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapabababaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpababaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbabaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbabaan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbabaan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbabaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makababa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakababa (completive trigger-actor)
nakabababa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakababa (progressive trigger-actor)
makabababa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakababa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapababa (infinitive trigger-actor)
napababa (completive trigger-actor)
napabababa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapababa (progressive trigger-actor)
mapabababa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapababa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mababaan (directional infinitive)
nababaan (completive directional)
nabababaan (directional progressive)
mabababaan (contemplative directional)
maibaba (benefactive infinitive)
naibaba (benefactive completive)
naibababa (benefactive progressive)
maibababa (benefactive contemplative)
maikababa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikababa (completive trigger-causative)
naikabababa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakababa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikababa (progressive trigger-causative)
naikabababa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibaba (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibaba (completive trigger-causative)
naibababa (progressive trigger-causative)
maibababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbabaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbabaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbababaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbabaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbababaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbabaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpababa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpababa (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapababa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpababa (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapababa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpababa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapababa (actor-secondary infinitive)
napababa (actor-secondary completive)
napabababa (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapababa (actor-secondary progressive)
mapabababa (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapababa (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapababaan (directional infinitive)
napababaan (completive directional)
napabababaan (directional formal progressive)
napapababaan (directional progressive)
mapabababaan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapababaan (contemplative directional)
maipagpababa (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpababa (benefactive completive)
naipagpapababa (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpababa (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpababa (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapababa (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpababa (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpababa (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpababa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpababa (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapababa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpababa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpababa (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapababa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpababa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpababaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpababaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapabababaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpababaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapabababaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpababaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbabaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbabaan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbabaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbabaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibaba (direct infinitive)
nakibaba (completive direct)
nakikibaba (direct progressive)
makikibaba (contemplative direct)
makipagpababa (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpababa (completive indirect)
nakikipagpababa (indirect progressive)
makikipagpababa (contemplative indirect)

to bring something downstairs for someone

to make a landing on; to use as landing (of a place)

to unload cargo or passengers for someone


taya

Compare Hiligaynon taya and Sambali taya.


taya

taya (canonical)
tayá (canonical)
ᜆᜌ (Baybayin)


taya

(medicine, obsolete) act of curing boils by immersion in hot water


mabasa

mabasa (complete nabasa, progressive nababasa, contemplative mababasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜐ)

nabasa (completive)
nababasa (progressive)
mababasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜊᜐ (Baybayin)
basa (root)
bumasa (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumasa (completive root trigger-actor)
bumabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
nabasa (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
babasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabasa (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kababasa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
basahin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binasa (completive root trigger-object)
binabasa (progressive trigger-object)
inabasa (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
babasahin (contemplative trigger-object)
abasahin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
basahan (directional infinitive root)
binasahan (completive directional root)
binabasahan (directional progressive)
inabasahan (dialectal directional progressive)
babasahan (contemplative directional)
abasahan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagbasahan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbasahan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibasa (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinasa (benefactive completive root)
ibinabasa (benefactive progressive)
ibabasa (benefactive contemplative)
ipambasa (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambasa (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambasa (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambasa (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikabasa (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinabasa (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinababasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikababasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibasa (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinasa (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinabasa (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibabasa (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibasa (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinasa (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinabasa (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibabasa (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapababasa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pabasahin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinabasa (actor-secondary completive)
pinababasa (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapabasa (actor-secondary progressive)
pababasahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papabasahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabasa (completive trigger-object)
ipinababasa (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabasa (progressive trigger-object)
ipababasa (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
pabasahan (directional infinitive)
pinabasahan (completive directional)
pinapabasahan (directional progressive)
pinababasahan (directional progressive)
papabasahan (contemplative directional)
pababasahan (contemplative directional)
ipagpabasa (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabasa (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabasa (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabasa (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabasa (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabasahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapababasahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapababasahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbasahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nakababasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
makababasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
napabasa (completive trigger-actor)
napababasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
mapababasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
nabasa (completive trigger-object)
nababasa (progressive trigger-object)
mababasa (contemplative trigger-object)
mabasahan (directional infinitive)
nabasahan (completive directional)
nababasahan (directional progressive)
mababasahan (contemplative directional)
maibasa (benefactive infinitive)
naibasa (benefactive completive)
naibabasa (benefactive progressive)
maibabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maikabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikabasa (completive trigger-causative)
naikababasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naikababasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibasa (completive trigger-causative)
naibabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
maibabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbasaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbasaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbabasaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbasaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbabasaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbasaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabasa (actor-secondary infinitive)
napabasa (actor-secondary completive)
napababasa (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapabasa (actor-secondary progressive)
mapababasa (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapabasa (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabasa (completive trigger-object)
naipababasa (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabasa (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabasa (progressive trigger-object)
maipababasa (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
mapabasahan (directional infinitive)
napabasahan (completive directional)
napababasahan (directional formal progressive)
napapabasahan (directional progressive)
mapababasahan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapabasahan (contemplative directional)
maipagpabasa (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabasa (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabasa (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabasa (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabasa (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabasahan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapababasahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapababasahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbasahan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibasa (direct infinitive)
nakibasa (completive direct)
nakikibasa (direct progressive)
makikibasa (contemplative direct)
makipagpabasa (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabasa (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabasa (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabasa (contemplative indirect)

Kaya kung gusto ni Agot na mabasa at pati na rin ang reactions ng netizens ay kanyang mabasa, visit niya ang FB ni Isabel. “For ur perusal aggot maggot isidro!!! bawal mainggit sa gitna ng pandemia. Bawal pakialaman post ng iba sa wall nila, bawal din hindi ipost regalo ng kaibigang bisekleta para malaman nilang grateful sila. Bawal kang hindi uminom ng medicines mo para sa aggressive anti-social behaviours mo!!!”

2020, Nitz Miralles, “Agot tinawag ding anti-social, pakialamera”, in Pang-Masa


mabasa

mábása (complete nabasa, progressive nababasa, contemplative mababasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜐ)

mábása (canonical)
nabasa (completive)
nababasa (progressive)
mababasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜊᜐ (Baybayin)
basa (root)
bumasa (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumasa (completive root trigger-actor)
bumabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
nabasa (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
babasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabasa (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kababasa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
basahin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binasa (completive root trigger-object)
binabasa (progressive trigger-object)
inabasa (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
babasahin (contemplative trigger-object)
abasahin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
basahan (directional infinitive root)
binasahan (completive directional root)
binabasahan (directional progressive)
inabasahan (dialectal directional progressive)
babasahan (contemplative directional)
abasahan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagbasahan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbasahan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibasa (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinasa (benefactive completive root)
ibinabasa (benefactive progressive)
ibabasa (benefactive contemplative)
ipambasa (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambasa (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambasa (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambasa (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikabasa (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinabasa (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinababasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikababasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibasa (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinasa (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinabasa (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibabasa (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibasa (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinasa (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinabasa (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibabasa (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapababasa (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabasa (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pabasahin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinabasa (actor-secondary completive)
pinababasa (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapabasa (actor-secondary progressive)
pababasahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papabasahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabasa (completive trigger-object)
ipinababasa (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabasa (progressive trigger-object)
ipababasa (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
pabasahan (directional infinitive)
pinabasahan (completive directional)
pinapabasahan (directional progressive)
pinababasahan (directional progressive)
papabasahan (contemplative directional)
pababasahan (contemplative directional)
ipagpabasa (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabasa (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabasa (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabasa (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabasa (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabasahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapababasahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapababasahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbasahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nakababasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
makababasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
napabasa (completive trigger-actor)
napababasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
mapababasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
nabasa (completive trigger-object)
nababasa (progressive trigger-object)
mababasa (contemplative trigger-object)
mabasahan (directional infinitive)
nabasahan (completive directional)
nababasahan (directional progressive)
mababasahan (contemplative directional)
maibasa (benefactive infinitive)
naibasa (benefactive completive)
naibabasa (benefactive progressive)
maibabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maikabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikabasa (completive trigger-causative)
naikababasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naikababasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibasa (completive trigger-causative)
naibabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
maibabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbasaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbasaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbabasaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbasaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbabasaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbasaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabasa (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabasa (actor-secondary infinitive)
napabasa (actor-secondary completive)
napababasa (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapabasa (actor-secondary progressive)
mapababasa (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapabasa (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabasa (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabasa (completive trigger-object)
naipababasa (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabasa (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabasa (progressive trigger-object)
maipababasa (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabasa (contemplative trigger-object)
mapabasahan (directional infinitive)
napabasahan (completive directional)
napababasahan (directional formal progressive)
napapabasahan (directional progressive)
mapababasahan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapabasahan (contemplative directional)
maipagpabasa (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabasa (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabasa (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabasa (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabasa (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabasa (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabasa (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabasa (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabasa (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabasa (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabasa (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabasa (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabasahan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapababasahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapababasahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbasahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbasahan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbasahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbasahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibasa (direct infinitive)
nakibasa (completive direct)
nakikibasa (direct progressive)
makikibasa (contemplative direct)
makipagpabasa (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabasa (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabasa (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabasa (contemplative indirect)


mabasa

mabasâ (complete nabasa, progressive nababasa, contemplative mababasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜐ)

mabasâ (canonical)
nabasa (completive)
nababasa (progressive)
mababasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜊᜐ (Baybayin)
basa (root)
mabasa (infinitive)
nabasa (completive root)
nababasa (progressive root)
mababasa (contemplative)

tl-infl-ma

mabasa

mabasa

to be able to get wet; to be susceptible to get wet


mabasa

tl-verb

mábasâ (complete nabasa, progressive nababasa, contemplative mababasa, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜐ)

mábasâ (canonical)
nabasa (completive)
nababasa (progressive)
mababasa (contemplative)
ᜋᜊᜐ (Baybayin)
basa (root)
mabasa (infinitive)
nabasa (completive root)
nababasa (progressive root)
mababasa (contemplative)

tl-infl-ma

mabasa

mabasa


paleta

[pɐˈlɛː.t̪ɐ]


gili

rolling with the hand or fingers (such as rolling dough, grinding pills, etc.)

cutting in a seesaw manner without violent pressure


gili

rolled with the hand or fingers (such as rolling dough, grinding pills, etc.)


bakulod

From Proto-Philippine *bakúlud (“stoney plateau”). Compare Ilocano bakulod, Kapampangan bakulud, Hanunoo bakulod, Bikol Central bakulod, Aklanon bakueod, Cebuano bakulod, Hiligaynon bakolod, Maranao bakolod, and Tausug bakūd.


ayos

From Proto-Philippine *áyus (“to arrange, make something neat or proper”).


ayos

Ang ganda ng pagkakapinta mo! Ayos!

(colloquial) expression of gladness and content about something: great!; alright!


sanidad

Borrowed from Spanish sanidad. The fourth sense is a pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English sanity.

pseudo-loan

gusto ko din i-extend ang sanidad ko. ang daming gawain nkklk -not so witty howitzer, CP20boom-boom

2017, The Manila Collegian Vol. 31 Issue No. 6, Page 8

I also want to extend my sanity, there's so much work, it's making me crazy. -not so witty howitzer, CP20boom-boom


hamos

Possibly derived from bamos. Compare Masbatenyo hamos.


Fukuoka

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福岡 (Fukuoka).


narkotiko

narkótikó (canonical)
ᜈᜇ᜔ᜃᜓᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish narcótico, from Ancient Greek ναρκωτικός (narkōtikós).


Marcial

Borrowed from Spanish Marcial.
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, mostly concentrated in Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite and Laguna


bangis

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəŋis. Compare Malay bengis.


abuy-aboy

tl-adj

abúy-abóy (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

abúy-abóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbuɪ̯ ʔɐˈboɪ̯]


aboy

act of driving away or leading (to a certain place)

person or animal being led or driven (to a certain place)


abaloryo

Borrowed from Spanish abalorio (“glass bead”), from Arabic بِلَّوْرِيّ (billawriyy, “crystalline”), from بِلَّوْر (billawr, “crystal”).

der

decorative glass bead (on a dress, handbags, etc.)

Dasylophus cumingi
Dasylophus cumingi#Translingual

(ornithology) scale-feathered malkoha (Dasylophus cumingi)


patani

[pɐˈt̪aː.n̪ɪʔ]


abang-abang

tl-noun

abang-abang or abáng-abáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜅ᜔)

abang-abang (canonical)
abáng-abáng (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ᜀᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔaː.bɐŋ ˈʔaː.bɐŋ]

[ʔɐˌbaŋ ʔɐˈbaŋ]

Leea guineensis
Wikispecies:Leea guineensis

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual


kagab-i

[kɐ.ɣɐbˈʔeɪ̯]


milenyum

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɪˈlɛː.ɲʊm]

Borrowed from English millennium, from Late Latin mīllennium. Doublet of milenyo.


abaniko

Gamitin mo ang abaniko kung gusto mong magpalamig.

Use the folding fan if you want to have some fresh air.

Iris domestica
Iris domestica#Translingual


tamaraw

tamaráw or támaráw (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜋᜇᜏ᜔)

tamaráw (canonical)
támaráw (canonical)
ᜆᜋᜇᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[t̪ɐ.mɐˈɾaʊ̯]

[ˌt̪aː.mɐˈɾaʊ̯]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamadaw (“kind of wild ruminant”). Compare Aklanon tamaraw, Cebuano tamaraw, Iban temadau, and Malay tembadau.

inh

Bubalus mindorensis
Wikispecies:Bubalus mindorensis


sakote

(colloquial) act of catching red-handed (of a criminal, etc.)


maanghit

tl-adj

maanghít (plural maaanghit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆ᜔)

maanghít (canonical)
maaanghit (plural)
ᜋᜀᜅ᜔ᜑᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.ʔɐŋˈhit̪̚]

having a repellent body odor (especially from armpits)


cariñosa

[kɐ.ɾɪˈɲoː.sɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish cariñosa (“affectionate”), feminine form of cariñoso.

bor+

cariñosa (Philippine dance of Hispanic-era origin)


Matsuyama

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 松山 (Matsuyama).


kawing

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kawiŋ (“link in a chain; joined together, as links in a chain, people in sexual intercourse or marriage; hands joined in crossing pattern in circle dance”). See also Malay kahwin.

inh

act of linking one thing to another (with a hook or link)

state of being linked together (as parts of a chain)


halang

Possibly from Malay halang, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalaŋ (“obstruct, lie across or athwart”).

der

encircling gill net or drag seine fishing gear

(dialectal, Batangas) substitute; alternate

(now dialectal, Quezon, Mindoro) spiciness


halang

passing; transverse; traverse; extending across


ngalan

From Proto-Philippine *ŋájan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan. Tausug ngān.


takuri

[t̪ɐ.xʊˈɾiʔ]

[t̪ɐ.xʊˈɾɛʔ]

Compare Bikol Central takuri, Hiligaynon takuri, and Ilocano takuri.


kendi

Borrowed from English candy, from Arabic سُكَّر قَنْدِي (sukkar qandī), from Arabic قَنْد (qand, “rock candy”), from Persian کند (kand), from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “scrap, broken piece, candied sugar, dried molasses”).

سُكَّر قَنْدِي


joga

jogà (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜄ (Baybayin)
LGBT (slang)

[ˈd͡ʒoː.ɣɐʔ]

From gay slang prefix jo- + yugyog (“shake up and down”) + a.


Tsinoy

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

Coined by Kaisa Para sa Kaunlaran in the 1990's from a blend of Tsino + Pinoy, first attested in their publication The Chinese in the Philippines: Problems and Perspectives, Volume 2. See also Indonesian chindo.

Chinese Filipino (Filipinos of Chinese descent)


Tsinoy

[t͡ʃɪˈn̪oɪ̯]

Chinese-Filipino; Filipino-Chinese (pertaining to Filipinos of Chinese descent)


abenida

[ʔɐ.bɛˈn̪iː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish avenida (“avenue”), calque of French avenue.


abnoy

Clipping of abnormal + -oy, from English abnormal.


abnoy

pancake made with unhatched, incubated duck egg


abiso

Borrowed from Spanish aviso (“announcement”).


bebot

Possibly a play on babae or English babe.

Huy pare, tingnan mo 'yung bebot sumayaw. Hataw kung gumalaw!

Hey dude, check out that hottie dancing. She can move!


kalesa

Borrowed from Spanish calesa, from French calèche, from Czech kolesa.

Masayang sumakay ng kalesa sa mataong Binondo, ang katabi n'yo sa daan puro kotse.

It's fun to ride in a horse carriage at the populous Binondo, surrounded on the streets exclusively by cars.


yelo

Borrowed from Spanish hielo (“ice”), from Latin gelu (“frost”).


salamin

Borrowed from Malay cermin. Compare Ilocano sarming, Kapampangan salamin, Bikol Central salming, Cebuano samin, Hiligaynon salaming, Waray-Waray saraming, Maranao salamin, Tausug samin.


latiti

latitî (canonical)
ᜎᜆᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)
Cavite (dialectal)
Laguna (dialectal)
Rizal (dialectal)
Mindoro (Batangas)
Quezon (Batangas)

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɛʔ]

Nadulas ang bata nang matapakan ang latiting sahig.

The child slipped upon stepping over the very wet floor.

Bumuhos ang ulan at ako'y latiti dahil wala akong dalang payong.

The rain poured and I am dripping wet because I have no umbrella carried.

Takbo ka nang takbo, mamaya'y latiti ka na sa pawis.

You keep on running, later you'll be soaking wet with sweat.

extremely wet; soaking wet; dripping wet


latiti

[lɐ.t̪ɪˈt̪ɛʔ]

playing of water or any liquid causing spillage


bawang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”). Cognate with Ilocano bawang, Bikol Central bawang, and Malay bawang (“onion”).


bawang

From Proto-Philippine *bawáŋ (“ravine”). Cognate with Ilocano bawang (“gorge”).

thickly forested mountain region with uneven terrain


estereo

estéreó (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛsˌt̪ɛː.ɾɛˈo]

Borrowed from Spanish estéreo, short for estereofónico, ultimately from Ancient Greek στερεός (stereós, “solid”) + Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


tomador

Borrowed from Spanish tomador, or analytically toma + -dor.

1983, Virgilio S. Almario, Mike L. Bigornia, Galian sa Arte at Tula (Philippines), Rene O. Villanueva, Galian: mga akda sa panahon ng krisis
Hindi rin totoong samahan lamang ito ng mga tomador. Nanatiling ipat sa tuntuning "uminom ng katamtaman lamang" sina Herminio Leltran Jr. at Jun Cruz Reyes, Dong de los Reyes (na noo'y iba yata ang pangalan), at Boy Leuterio Nicolas. Hindi rin totoong mga babaeng maeho" lamang ang makatatagal sa humahalimuyak na pulungan dahil angal sina Diwata Reyes, Vicky Epitacio, Ceeile Caguingin, Leonila Landrup, Flor Zabala, at Mariehu Bellarmino bagama't maaaring higit ia ...

Iniwan ko ang misis ko sa apartment para estimahin ang mga tomador. Dahil kargado, ni wala akong matandaan sa buong seremonya. Nakatulog lang yata ako at nagising nang pumipila na ang mga gradweyt para tumanggap ng diploma. Pagkatapos ng lahat, deretso uli ako sa apartment at ipinagpatuloy ang inuman. SA maikling salita, nagpilit ako ng handaan sa bahay para kay Ani. Gumawa pa ako ng ibang dahilan kung sakaling tumanggi siya. Nagkataong nagbalikbayan ang ...

1998, Virgilio S. Almario, Kalahating Siglo Sa Ibabaw Ng Mundo at MGA Kataka-Takang: Alaala't Engkuwentro, Inilathala


morge

Borrowed from Spanish morgue, from French morgue.

Samantala, ilang agwat mula sa nakapinid na pinto ng morge, si Apong Miguel na bahagya lamang nakatitighaw sa pag- wawating-wating ng paningin— nang ilabas sa morge— ay pagulapay na nagsisikap tu- mayo. Dalawang guwardiya ...

Tatak-Pinoy iyon, di kamukha nina Charice Pempengco at kung sinu-sino pang nagtitinda sa sarili sa Las Vegas at mga putahang pangkultural sa Kanluran ( parunggit ni Freddie). Samantala, sa morge sa Los Angeles, mapapansing may ...

2011, E. San Juan, Jr., MAHAL MAGPAKAILANMAN, Lulu.com, page 97


landas

tl-noun

landás or landas (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

landás (canonical)
landas (canonical)
ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Compare Malay landas (“solid surface on which heavy work can be done”).


laos

From Proto-Philippine *laqus (“past one’s prime, outdated, obsolete”). Compare Ilocano laus, Bikol Central laos, and Cebuano laos.

inh

outdated; old-fashioned; antiquated; obsolete

sour or fermented due to being overripe (of fruits)

no longer productive; exhausted of potency (due to continued use or old age)


lunas

bottom (of rivers and vases, jars, glasses, pitchers, etc.)

Oleandra neriiformis (terrestrial epiphytic fern growing on treetops)

Bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris#Translingual

Lunasia amara (erect flowering shrub with smooth twigs)


lunas

Gonocaryum calleryanum (small erect flowering tree with long slender branches, used to cure stomach troubles)


peras

Borrowed from Spanish peras, plural of pera.


lapas

Borrowed from Spanish la paz (“the peace”).

bor+

three days of carnival before Ash Wednesday

(Batangas) settlement of accounts or disagreements all around


madrasta

Lumaki ako sa piling ng aking madrasta at ibang mga kapatid. May tindahan kami sa Tanauan. Madalas akong tumatao roon kapag walang pasok sa eskuwela. Sa mga oras na walang bumibili, nagbabasa ako ng mga inarkilang komiks.

2005, Nestor De Guzman, Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat

Alternative form of madrastra: stepmother


kupo

act of covering oneself when bathing (especially the private parts)


pipino

Borrowed from Spanish pepino (“cucumber”).


Rosario

Borrowed from Spanish Rosario, from rosario.

Name of several places in the Philippines named after the rosary or Our Lady of the Rosary

Rosario (a municipality of Cavite, Philippines)

Rosario (a municipality of Batangas, Philippines)

Rosario (a municipality of La Union, Philippines)

Rosario (a municipality of Agusan del Sur, Philippines)

A barangay of Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines


pakialam

May pakialam ako sa'yo dahil kaibigan kita.

I have concern for you because you're my friend.

right to encourage or pressure someone to do something

Ang kapal minsan ng pagpapakialam ng mga korporasyon sa news natin.

The meddling of corporations on our news can be shrewd.


g̃

tl-letter

g̃ (lower case, upper case G̃, Baybayin spelling ᜅ)


kyut

Borrowed from English cute, apheretic form of acute, from Late Middle English acute, from Latin acūta. Doublet of agudo.


Lim

Borrowed from Hokkien 林 (Lîm). Doublet of Lam. Compare Indonesian Liem.


Suan

Borrowed from Hokkien 范 (Hoān), via Early Modern Spanish.


Cua

From Hokkien 柯 (Koa), via Spanish Cua. Doublet of Kua and Koa.


Ang

Borrowed from Hokkien 洪 (Âng). Doublet of Hong and Hung.


donat

[ˈd̪oː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


Wong

From Cantonese 黃／黄 (wong⁴) or 王 (wong⁴), via English Wong. Doublet of Ng, Uy, Wee, Hwang, Huang, Ong, Wang, and Heng.

doublet

a Chinese Filipino surname from Cantonese


Kwok

From Cantonese 郭 (gwok³), via English Kwok. Doublet of Que and Guo.


Ong

Borrowed from Hokkien 王 (Ông) or 汪 (Ong). Doublet of Wong, Wang, and Heng.


Chiong

From Cantonese 蔣／蒋 (zoeng²), via English Chiong.


Chua

Borrowed from Spanish Chua, from Hokkien 蔡 (Chhòa). Doublet of Choi.


Khoo

From Hokkien 邱／丘 (Khu) or Cantonese 顧／顾 (gu³), via English Khoo. Doublet of Cu and Coo.


Cheng

Borrowed from Hokkien 莊／庄 (Chng) and Cantonese 鄭／郑 (Zeng⁶).


Pua

Borrowed from Spanish Pua, from Hokkien 潘 (Phoaⁿ). Doublet of Pan and Poon.


Uy

Borrowed from Spanish Uy, from Hokkien 黃／黄 (Ûiⁿ). Doublet of Ng, Wee, Wong, Hwang, and Huang.


Ching

From Hokkien 莊／庄 (Chng), via English Ching.


Mariano

Borrowed from Spanish, from Latin Mariānus, from Marius. The surname is of religious origin, after the Virgin Mary, through mariano (“Marian”).

a surname from Spanish, usually of religious origin


balisong

tl-noun

balisong or balisóng (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔)

balisong (canonical)
balisóng (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜒᜐᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

Popularly believed to derive from the phrase baling sungay (literally “broken horn”), since the original balisongs were made from carved animal horns.

balisong; butterfly knife (fan knife with foldable blade protection)


plektro

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish plectro (“plectrum”), from Latin plēctrum, from Ancient Greek πλῆκτρον (plêktron).


batuta

[bɐˈt̪uː.t̪ɐʔ]


Jacinto

a male given name from Spanish. Female form: Jacinta

a surname from Spanish, ultimately derived from the given name


katedral

katedrál (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish catedral (“cathedral”), from Late Latin cathedrālis.


daos

holding of an meeting, program, event, game, etc.


layak

flotsam; rubbish left by receding waters

fallen, dried leaves (scattered around a place)


Imelda

[ʔɪˈmɛl.d̪ɐ]

From Spanish Imelda, from Italian Imelda, name of a saint (Imelda Lambertini).


ekinoks

ékinóks (canonical)
ᜁᜃᜒᜈᜓᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English equinox with Spanish pronunciation especially with the reading of ⟨qui⟩.


talos

knowledge; understanding (about something)


kontes

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of kontest.


gobernadora

tl-noun

gobernadora (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ)

ᜄᜓᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ɡo.bɛɾ.n̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of gobernador: female governor


bayoneta

Borrowed from Spanish bayoneta, from French baïonnette.


Lilia

a female given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Lilia or Lily


Bonifacio

Borrowed from Spanish Bonifacio, from Late Latin Bonifātius (literally “the one with a good fate”).

der

a surname from Spanish [in turn transferred from the given name]

Andrés Bonifacio (1863–1897, Filipino revolutionary and politician)

(usually dated) a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Boniface


palapa

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *palaqpaq (“midrib of a coconut frond”). Compare Kapampangan palapa, Bikol Central palapa, Pangasinan palapa, Maguindanao palapa, Malay pelepah, Iban pelepah, Tongan palalafa.

inh+

(botany) the pulpy midrib or petiole of a banana leaf or coconut palm frond or leaf of a similar tree


propagandista

tl-noun

propagandista (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜉᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

(historical, specifically) member of the Propaganda movement in colonial Philippines


Koa

From Hokkien 柯 (Koa), via English Koa. Doublet of Cua and Kua.


otel

Borrowed from Spanish hotel, from French hôtel, from Middle French hostel from Old French ostel, from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”). Doublet of hotel and ospital.


yaya

tl-noun

yaya (masculine yayo, Baybayin spelling ᜌᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish yaya (“granny”). Compare with Cebuano yaya, Catalan iaia.

nanny; nursemaid; amah; girl or woman employed to take care of children


yaya

invitation; request; persuasion; inducement

person invited (to come to a certain place or to help do something)


yaya

invited personally to help do certain work


yaya

name of the Baybayin letter ᜌ, corresponding to "ya"


ilan

tl-pron

ilán (plural ilan-ilan, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜈ᜔)

ilán (canonical)
ilan-ilan (plural)
ᜁᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From an irregular elision of /p/ and an addition of /n/ from Proto-Philippine *pijah (“how many”), from Proto-Austronesian *pijax (“how many”). Compare Pangasinan piga, Kapampangan pilan, Masbatenyo pira, Cebuano pila, Javanese ꦥꦶꦫ (pira), Hawaiian -hia, Paiwan pida, and Thao piza.


premyo

Nakuha ko naman ang premyo ko. Pakiramdam ko'y ako ang Dakilang Alexander. Kinailangan ko lang ng tatlong minuto, isang mabagal at malambing na boses at ang nakatutunaw na kislap ng aking mga mata para makakuha ng positibong ...

2015, Marshall E Gass, Maririlag na mga Hagod ng Brotsa, Xlibris Corporation

Ang premyo'y ang pagtulong mo't pag-ibig, at ang kaligayahan ko." "Nagbibilang ka na ng sisiw." "Ang gusto kong sabihin, Pina, ito'y dalahing lalong magpapagaan. Hindi ba, kung magkatuwang tayo't magkahati? Ang dalawa'y magiging isa ...

1974, Amado V. Hernandez, Luha ng buwaya, Ateneo University Press, page 10

Siya lamang ang mayroon nito, tulugan niya kung siya'y inaantok o naghihintay ng malaking balita. Sinalubong niya ako sa may pinto ng silid. "Narito ang premyo mo," aniya, nakatawa ng tawang nanghaharot. "Maganda, 14 Keso De- bola.

2003, Landas sa bahaghari at iba pang kuwento, Ateneo University Press, page 14


misal

Borrowed from Spanish misal, from Medieval Latin missālis.


Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo (president of the first Philippine republic)


kyu

Borrowed from English cue, the English name of the letter Q/q.

the name of the Latin-script letter Q/q, in the Filipino alphabet


Alvaro

a surname from Spanish deriving from the given name


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɡɐˈwaʔ]

Puro kathang-isip at gawa-gawa ang mga isinusulat niyang kuwento.

His writing comprises of fiction and fabricated stories.


gawa-gawa

[ɡɐˌwaʔ ɡɐˈwaʔ]

[ɡɐˌwaː ɡɐˈwaʔ]


esmeralda

Borrowed from Spanish esmeralda, from Old Spanish esmeralda, possibly through the intermediate of Old French esmeralde (Modern French émeraude), from Vulgar Latin *smeralda, *smaraldus, alteration of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), of Semitic origin.

esmeralda:


inggit

From Proto-Philippine *iŋgit (“envy; envious”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *i(ŋ)git (“anger; resentment”).

inh

Matapos mag-trending si Agot at tirahin din ng ilang netizen na nagsabing “inggit” lang siya, muling nag-tweet ang aktres para linawin ang kanyang pahayag.

2020, Mary Rose Garzon, “Kampo ni Jinkee Pacquiao, pumalag sa pambabatikos ni Agot Isidro sa luxury bikes”, in RMN

envy (resentful dislike of another who has something desirable)


gawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”). Compare Pangasinan gawa, Sambali gawa, Kapampangan gaua, and Iban gawa. See also Cebuano gama, Iban gawai, Malay gawai, and Javanese ꦒꦮꦺ (gawé, “to do; to work”).

work; opus (such as literary works, musical works, etc.)


gawa

Saan ito gawa? Gawa sa papel ang belen na gawa ni Lourdes.

What is it made of? It's made of paper, the belen that Lourdes has made.


bagay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). See also Tamil வகை (vakai).


plastik

(figurative, informal, of a person) insincere; fake


Arsenio

[ʔɐɾˈsɛː.ɲo]


kodak

Borrowed from English kodak, genericized trademark from Kodak.

(broadly) camera (device for taking photographs)

(strictly) small portable camera (especially from Kodak)


-n-

isa + -n- + daan → sandaan

labi + -n- + lima → labinlima

bago + -n- + sakop + -in → bagunsakupin

libo + -n- + taon → libuntaon

-ng-

Default interfix for compound with preceding stem ending in a vowel.

-g-

for compound with preceding stem ending with letter

-m-

Compound interfix, connecting the adjective stem to the noun stem, after the preceding stem ends in a vowel, but next stem starts with the letter (d), (l), (r), (s), or (t).


unggoy

From unggo + -oy. Compare Cebuano unggoy. See also tsonggo.


simi

small particles or remnants of food, especially fish (fallen from or left on the table after eating)


kalabaw

Borrowed from Spanish carabao, from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Malay kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Tausug kābaw, and Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ). Before the coming of the Spaniards, the native Tagalog term used to refer to the animal is anwang. The word kalabaw itself does not appear in the earliest Tagalog dictionaries.

der

(colloquial) neckerchief slide in the Philippine Boy Scout uniform, which is the likeness of the head of a carabao


mirasol

Borrowed from Spanish mirasol (“sunflower”, literally “sun-watcher”).


tokwa

Borrowed from Hokkien 豆乾／豆干 (tāu-koaⁿ, “dried tofu”).


kulantro

tl-noun

kulantro or kulantró (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

kulantro (canonical)
kulantró (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish culantro, from Late Latin coliandrum, from Latin coriandrum (“coriander”), from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron). Doublet of koriyandro.

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

cilantro (US); coriander (UK; also used for the plant itself across English dialects) (Coriandrum sativum)


puwersa

Borrowed from Spanish fuerza, from Old Spanish fuerça, from Late Latin fortia.


asawa

From Proto-Austronesian *qasawa (cf. Sakizaya acawa). An alternate etymology posits it to be from Arabic زَوْج (zawj, “spouse”) according to Lendoyro (1902), but Potet (2014) disagrees.


kalsada

Borrowed from Spanish calzada, from Vulgar Latin *calciāta (“paved road”), ultimately from Latin calx (“pebble”).


separatismo

separatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜉᜇᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish separatismo, from English separatism.

separatism (advocacy for the political separation of a region)


lagwerta

[lɐˈɡwɛɾ.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish la güerta, obsolete variant of la huerta (“the orchard”). Compare lakwatsa, lamesa, lamesita, and lamyerda. Doublet of lawulta.


kwadra

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of kuwadra.


maalam

tl-adj

maalam or maalám (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔)

maalam (canonical)
maalám (canonical)
ᜋᜀᜎᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)

(obsolete) kindhearted; goodwilled; well-conditioned


kapatid

From ka- + patid. Compare Kapampangan kapatad.


kape

→ Hokkien: 咖啡 (ka-pé)

Borrowed from Spanish café, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”). Compare Tausug kahawa.

kape:


bandeha

[bɐn̪ˈd̪ɛː.hɐ]


hipnosis

ᜑᜒᜉ᜔ᜈᜓᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Either a direct borrowing from Spanish hipnosis with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence, or a direct borrowing from English hypnosis.


tintero

[t̪ɪn̪ˈt̪ɛː.ɾo]

inkwell (container for ink used to refill a quill or a pen)


rabis

Borrowed from English rabies. Doublet of rabya.


karne

Borrowed from Spanish carne (“meat”), from Latin carnem.


adube

[ʔɐˈd̪uː.bɛ]


Maka

Possibly from Malay Mekah, from Arabic مَكَّة (makka, “Mecca”). Compare Maranao Maka and Tausug Makka. Possible doublet of Meka.


ube

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qubi. Compare Hawaiian uhi (“yam”), Malagasy ovy (“potato”), Malay ubi (“yam”), and Maori uwhi (“yam”).

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

ube:


ube

ube:


ayam

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qayam, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qayam.

(archaic) guard dog (differentiating it from the ganid (“hunting dog”))


tilos

Compare tulis and talas. See also Malay tirus (“acute”).

sharp point; sharpness at the pointed end


Satanas

Borrowed from Spanish Satanás, from Ancient Greek Σατανᾶς (Satanâs), from Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (śāṭān, “adversary, accuser”).


Kabayan

countryman or someone from the same town


sabal

embankment built to change the direction of a creek, stream, or small river


abokado

Borrowed from Spanish avocado (“avocado”), from earlier Spanish aguacate, from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl.


abrasyete

tl-adj

abrasyete (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐˈʃɛː.t̪ɛ]


abenturero

tl-noun

abenturero (feminine abenturera, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

abenturera (feminine)
ᜀᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɛn̪.t̪ʊˈɾɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish aventurero (“adventurer”).


abubot

Kung ano-anong abubot ang nasa silid niya, wala na tuloy malakaran kundi ang kama.

His room has so much junk, there isn't a spot to walk on but the bed.


abrelata

[ʔɐ.bɾɛˈlaː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrelatas (“can opener”).


abuhan

Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans
w:Calamus (palm)

(botany) a species of rattan (Calamus diepenhorstii var. exulans)


abuhan

tl-verb

abuhán (complete inabuhan, progressive inaabuhan, contemplative aabuhan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜑᜈ᜔)

abuhán (canonical)
inabuhan (completive)
inaabuhan (progressive)
aabuhan (contemplative)
ᜀᜊᜓᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
abo (root)
abuhan (infinitive)
inabuhan (completive root)
inaabuhan (progressive root)
inaabuhan (dialectal progressive root)
aabuhan (contemplative objective)
aabuhan (contemplative dialectal objective)
abuhi (dialectal imperative objective)

abuhan


adhika

Borrowed from Sanskrit अधिक (adhika, “subsequent, additional”) with semantic shift.

bor+

Ano ang inyong adhika sa buhay?


abuloy

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *abúluy (“assistance given to someone in need”). Compare Bikol Central abuloy, Pangasinan aboloy, and Agutaynen aboloy.

inh+

subsidy; aid; contribution; offering; charity


administradora

tl-noun

administradora (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜇᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of administrador: female administrator


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

worry; restlessness; confused mental state


aburido

[ʔɐ.bʊ.ɾɪˈd̪o]

aburido sa sugal


abukay

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

(obsolete, specifically) Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


abukay

[ʔɐ.bʊˈxaɪ̯]

Coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi#Translingual


abot-tanaw

tl-adj

abót-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abót-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]


abot-tanaw

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

farthest distance that can be seen; horizon


abot-tanaw

abot-tanáw (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔)

abot-tanáw (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜆ᜔ᜆᜈᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


abot-tanaw

[ʔɐˌbot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

[ˌʔaː.bot̪ t̪ɐˈn̪aʊ̯]

act of glancing very often at a distance (at something or someone)


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


kontento

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


kuno

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunu. Compare Hiligaynon kuno, Pangasinan kuno, Bikol Central kono, Cebuano kono, Waray-Waray kono, Kapampangan kanu, Ibanag kanu, Ilocano kano, Indonesian konon, Malay konon, Ivatan kunu.

so they say; according to someone; it is said


pispis

particles or scraps of food left over on the dining table

act of dusting lightly to clean a surface


sekreto

Borrowed from Spanish secreto. The alternate pronunciation was influenced by English secret. Doublet of sekreta.


katoliko

Borrowed from Spanish católico (“Catholic”), from Late Latin catholicus, from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “universal”).


katoliko

Alternative letter-case form of Katoliko


tuko

From Proto-Austronesian *təktək (“gecko, house lizard”), onomatopoeic, imitative of its mating call approximated as “tuk-o”. Compare Ilocano tekka, Bikol Central tuko, Cebuano tiki, Maranao tagetek, Tausug tukki', and Malay tokek. See also Malay cecak.


tuko

act of cleaning tiny apertures with something pointed (to facilitate functioning)


adhikain

[ʔɐd̪.hɪˈxaː.ʔɪn̪]


administrasyon

tl-noun

administrasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

administrasyón (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐd̪.mɪ.n̪ɪs.t̪ɾɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish administración (“administration”), from Latin administrātiōnem.

bor+

Ilang administrasyon na ang dumaan, pero malaking problema pa rin ang katiwalian.

Many administrations have past, but corruption remains a major problem.

(government, politics) executive part of government

administration
executive part of government

administrasyong Marcos

(government, politics) country's government under a particular leader


sayari

[sɐˈjaː.ɾɪʔ]


manulat

tl-verb

manulat (complete nanulat, progressive nanunulat, contemplative manunulat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔)

nanulat (completive)
nanunulat (progressive)
manunulat (contemplative)
ᜋᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mang- (affix)
ᜋᜅ᜔ (affix)
sulat (root)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kapanunulat (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜈᜓᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
panulat (formal imperative)
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakapanulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
kapapanulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜉᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
panulat (imperative informal)
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

manulat

kakapanulat
 ᜃᜃᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔
kapapanulat
 ᜃᜉᜉᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔

panulat¹
ᜉ ᜈᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sulat
 ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

¹ Not used in Standard Tagalog. Dialectal use only.

(transitive, external/agent focus) to write for someone


sumulat

tl-verb

sumulat (complete sumulat, progressive sumusulat, contemplative susulat, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔)

sumulat (completive)
sumusulat (progressive)
susulat (contemplative)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
sulat (root)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (root)
actor (focus)
kasusulat (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive formal past past-recent)
sumulat (formal imperative)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
sulat (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (formal imperative)
kakasulat (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (completive informal past past-recent)
sumulat (imperative informal)
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)
sulat (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

sumulat

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sungmulat¹
ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumusulat
ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sungmusulat¹
 ᜐᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
nasulat²
ᜈ ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

susulat
 ᜐᜓᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔
masulat²
ᜋ ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

sumulat
 ᜐᜓᜋᜓᜎᜆ᜔
sulat²
ᜐᜓᜎᜆ᜔

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.


kiti

Borrowed from Hokkien, the first syllable of which most likely is from 雞／鸡 (ke, “chicken”), as noted by Chan-Yap (1980). The second syllable is proposed by Chan-Yap (1980) to mean “young; tender”, proposing the character 弟 (tī), which has no such meaning, but a similar sounding character 稚 (tī, “young; immature”) does.


kiti

start of ebullition; appearance of small bubbles before boiling; effervescence


dawa

From Proto-Austronesian *zawa. Compare Hiligaynon dawa, Cebuano dawa, Puyuma dawa, Waray-Waray dawa, and Tausug dawa. Theorized also to be from Sanskrit यव (yava, “barley; grain; cereal”). See also Diyawa.

cog

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual


malaika

Borrowed from Arabic مَلَائِكَة (malāʔika), plural of مَلْأَك (malʔak). Compare Maranao mala'ikat, Tausug malāikat, and Malay malaikat.


tisa

Borrowed from Spanish tiza (“chalk”), from Classical Nahuatl tizatl (“white earth, chalk”). Compare Cebuano tisas and Maranao tisas.


kabila

From ka- + *bila (“half”). Compare Malay belah (“split”). See also bila.

opposite side (of a street, river, etc.)

other one (referring to two opposing sides)


balasto

Borrowed from Spanish balasto, from English ballast.


anatomista

tl-noun

anatomista (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜆᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish anatomista, also analyzed as anatomiya + -ista.

anatomist (one involved in the science of anatomical structures)


sunat

Borrowed from Classical Persian سُنَّت (sunnat), from Arabic سُنَّة (sunna). Compare Maranao sonat (“clean”), Tausug sunnat (“circumcise by lightly scraping the clitoris”), and Malay sunat (“circumcision”). Doublet of sunna.

cog

female circumcision; excision of a woman's clitoris as part of Brunei custom


nga

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜅ (nga).

the name of the Latin-script letter Ng/ng, in the Abakada alphabet


nga

Tama nga 'to.


praktika

práktiká (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish práctica, from Latin prāctica (“practical affairs", "business”), from Ancient Greek πρᾱκτική (prāktikḗ), from πρᾱκτικός (prāktikós, “practical”). Doublet of praktis.

der

practice (an ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession)

practice (an observance of religious duties)

practice (customary action, habit, or behaviour)

practice (actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory)


diplomasia

tl-noun

diplomasia (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)


astronomiya

astronomiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish astronomía (“astronomy”), from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía).


tegi

"I vote yes sa idea ng younger brother mo na ipa-Spirit of the Glass ang ate mong tegi," sabi ni Alexia matapos kaming mag-catch up sa mga latest na ganap sa aking magulong buhay.

2020, MISSFLIMSY, My Boyfriend is a Freak

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


politiko

polítikó (canonical)
ᜉᜓᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish político, from Latin polīticus, from Ancient Greek πολιτικός (politikós).


heko

Borrowed from Hokkien, either:
* 蝦膏／虾膏 (hê ko, literally “shrimp paste”) according to Chan-Yap (1980)
* 蝦膎／虾膎 (hê-kê, “shrimp paste”, literally “pickled/salted shrimp”) according to Manuel (1948)

thick, dark sauce from the residue of salted shrimp paste


tatas

ability to speak intelligently and fluently

fluency of speech; clearness of diction or pronunciation


konsistent

tl-adj

konsistent (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from English consistent, from Latin consistens.


agrikultura

tl-noun

agrikultura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ)

ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.xʊlˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish agricultura (“agriculture”), from Latin agricultūra.


nikel

Borrowed from Spanish níquel (“nickel”), from German Nickel, a pet form of the proper masculine name Nikolaus, see also Old Nick "the devil" and Nicholas.


balakid

tl-noun

balakíd or balakid (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔)

balakíd (canonical)
balakid (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜃᜒᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


inahing manok

inahíng manók (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔)

inahíng manók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜑᜒᜅ᜔ ᜋᜈᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐˌhiŋ mɐˈn̪ok̚]

From inahin (“mother”) + manok (“chicken”).


kabaong

→ Aklanon: kabaong

→ Bikol Central: kabaong

→ Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kabaong

→ Kapampangan: kabaung


libingan

tl-verb

libingán (complete nilibingan, progressive nililibingan, contemplative lilibingan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜎᜒᜊᜒᜅᜈ᜔)

libingán (canonical)
nilibingan (completive)
nililibingan (progressive)
lilibingan (contemplative)
ᜎᜒᜊᜒᜅᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
libing (root)
libingan (infinitive)
nilibingan (completive root)
nililibingan (progressive root)
inalibingan (dialectal progressive root)
lilibingan (contemplative objective)
alibingan (contemplative dialectal objective)
libingi (dialectal imperative objective)

libingan


nawa

(formal) Said in hope that something will happen: may it be so!; so be it!; let it be so!; indeed


kahel

Borrowed from Spanish cajel, from Arabic قَمْحِيّ (qamḥiyy), nisba of قَمْح (qamḥ, “wheat”).

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

kahel:


tandang

→ Kapampangan: tandang

[t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aŋ]

Compare Old Javanese tandaṅ (“attack”) and Sundanese ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓᮀ (tandang, “to fight”).


astrolohiya

tl-noun

astrolohiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜓᜑᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish astrología (“astrology”), from Latin astrologia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρολογία (astrología, “astrology”).


pulseras

Borrowed from Spanish pulseras, plural of pulsera.


tripulante

tl-noun

tripulante (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜉᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


utang na loob

utang na loób (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

utang na loób (canonical)
ᜂᜆᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌʔuː.t̪ɐŋ n̪ɐ loˈʔob̚]

May utang na loob ako sa pagtulong niya sa akin.

(idiomatic) sense of gratitude; debt of gratitude


utang na loob

[ˌʔuː.t̪ɐŋ n̪ɐ loˈʔob̚]

Utang na loob, maglaan ka ng kaunti para may sapat tayong makain.

I beg of you, share a little so we'd have enough to eat.

Utang na loob, umalis ka diyan!


taban

held or grasped to maintain equilibrium or to avoid falling


taban

act of holding onto something (to keep oneself or something from falling)

something held onto (to keep oneself or something from falling)


magandang hapon

tl-head

magandáng hapon (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜑᜉᜓᜈ᜔)

magandáng hapon (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇᜅ᜔ ᜑᜉᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


Gonzales

Borrowed from Spanish Gonzales, spelling variant of González. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos . Doublet of Gonzalez, the less prevalent spelling.
The barangay in Tanauan, Batangas is named after Nicolas Gonzales, governor of Batangas from 1916 to 1919.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

A barangay of Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines


tarak

[ˈt̪aː.ɾɐk̚]

act of stabbing and leaving it embedded in the flesh (with a knife, dagger, etc.)

act of driving into the ground (with a stake, wooden peg or pin, etc.)

stake or the like driven into the ground (to mark a place or boundary)


bilang

From Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”). Compare Old Javanese wilaṅ, Maranao bilang, and Malay bilang.

inh

Malaki ang bilang ng mga nakiluksa para kay Dating Pangulong Cory Aquino.

There was a large number of people who mourned for Former President Cory Aquino.

Hindi ka nabibilang sa pangkat.

(literally, “You don't count on the group.”)

condition of belonging or being part of something


bilang

From Proto-Philippine *bilaŋ (“supposing that; as if; to consider, treat as”). May be identical to etymology 1.


huni

From Proto-Philippine *huni, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huni, from Proto-Austronesian *Suni.


ekonomista

tl-noun

ekonomista (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜁᜃᜓᜈᜓᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


paa

now chiefly Rizal, Batangas, Quezon, Marinduque

From Proto-Austronesian *paqa (“thigh”). Compare Malay paha.


kalibre

calibre (diameter of the bore of a firearm)


balisa

Borrowed from Malay belisah. See also Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa).


menora

[mɛˈn̪oː.ɾɐ]

Ultimately from Hebrew מנורה (m'norá, “light, lamp, menorah”). Doublet of minarete.


kodigo

Borrowed from Spanish código, from Vulgar Latin *codicus, from Latin caudex.

Ang halata naman ng kodigo mo! Mahuhuli ka n'yan sa exam.

Your cheat sheet is so obvious! You'll get caught in the exam.

(colloquial) cheat sheet (sheet of paper containing notes to cheat on a test)


kapitalista

tl-noun

kapitalista (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜆᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish capitalista. By surface analysis, kapital + -ista.


entremetido

entremetido (feminine entremetida, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

entremetida (feminine)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


sangla

Possibly either from the following:
* From Malay sanda (“to pledge; to pawn”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanda (“pawned; pledged in place of something else”) as per Blust (2010-).
* From Chinese origin, possibly Hokkien 送禮／送礼 (sàng-lé, “to send a gift”) as per Manuel (1948).


pabrika

Borrowed from Spanish fábrica (“factory”), from Latin fabrica (“workshop”).


bato-balani

bató-balanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


kumusta

Derived from Spanish cómo está. Compare Ilocano kumosta, Kapampangan komusta, Bikol Central komusta, Cebuano kumusta, and Maranao komosta.

Uy, kumusta? Ang tagal na nating 'di nagkikita a!


kumusta

Kumusta yung pagtatanghal ninyo kanina?

Kumusta ang pakiramdam mo ngayon?


kumusta

best regards; respects; complimentary greeting (such as expressing one's concern for another's health)


probinsya

tl-noun

probinsya (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of probinsiya.


tibo

sting or a small painful wound inflicted by some species of fish (such as kanduli, hito, pagi, liwalo, sumbilang, etc.) and also by bees

external spine, thorn, or excrescence of certain kinds of fish and insects that does the stinging


hene

Ang mga hene na may komersyal na potensyal ay inililipat mula sa isang organismo patungo sa isang organismo.

2000, Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Los Baños, “Q&A: Mga Tanong at Sagot tungkol sa mga Genetically Modified na Pananim”, in Pocket K.pdf), number 1, archived from the original on 2019-12-31

The genes with commercial potential are transferred from one organism to another organism.

Naniniwala ang mga sikolohista sa ideya na ang mga hene ay may kinalaman sa ating pagkilos sa lipunan, ngunit mariin nilang kinukwestyon ang mga batayang palagay ng ganitong pananaw.

2004, Raymond Charles Anicete, Sikolohiyang panlipunan at kalinangan: panimulang pagbabalangkas ng isang larangan, page 56

Psychologists believe in the idea that genes are involved in our actions in society, but they also strongly question the basic assumptions of this perspective.


paisano

paisano (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜁᜐᜈᜓ or ᜉᜌ᜔ᜐᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish paisano, from Old French païsan. Doublet of pesante.


Fukushima

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福島 (Fukushima).


consuelo de bobo

consuelo de bobo (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ)

ᜃᜓᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜏᜒᜎᜓ ᜇᜒ ᜊᜓᜊᜓ (Baybayin)

konsuwelo de-bobo
konsuwelo de-bobo#Tagalog

Alternative spelling of konsuwelo de-bobo


nakabobobo

From naka- + bobo with partial reduplication.

Nakakabobo manood ng slapstick comedy minsan.

Watching slapstick comedy is brain-killing sometimes.

capable of making one stupid, airheaded, dull, or have no useful thoughts


almendras

almendras (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐlˈmɛn̪.d̪ɾɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish almendras, plural of almendra.

Isang manlalakbay na nakasakay sa isang kamelyo at dalawang makisig na kabayong Arabe. Ang isa sa mga ito, na sinasakyan ng isang tauhan ng Aduwana ay nakatatawag ng pansin ng lahat. Dito'y nakatikim ako ng sereso, albarikoke, at almendras.

1962, Pakikipagsulatan ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasambahay, 1876-1896

One traveler riding a camel and two robust Arabic horses. One of these, which was ridden by a Customs worker, was catching everyone's attention. Here I was able to taste cherry, apricot, and almond.


kanton

From ellipsis of pansit kanton, from Philippine Spanish pancit cantón, where the latter word is from Spanish Cantón, from Portuguese Cantão, from an old romanization of Mandarin 廣東／广东 (Guǎngdōng).


yurak

act of treading heavily on something in order to crush or destroy; trampling on something

violation or infringement (as of someone's right, etc.)


hikmat

Borrowed from Malay hikmat, from Arabic حِكْمَة (ḥikma).


hulog ang loob

tl-adj

hulóg ang loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulóg ang loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “one's insides fallen”, or more loosely translated as “fallen will”.


hulog ng loob

tl-noun

hulog ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

hulog ng loób (canonical)
ᜑᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “having one's will fallen into”.


tibay ng loob

tl-noun

tibay ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

tibay ng loób (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “material strength of one's insides”.

lit

Ang mga nagmamahal sa atin ang nagbibigay ng tibay ng loob upang maharap natin ang mga problema.

Those who love us give us strength of will to face problems.

Ang tibay ng loob niya; hindi siya nagpadala sa mga paninira at naniwala siya sa sariling kakayahang maging matagumpay.

His will is strong; he wasn't let down by what others may say and he believed in his ability to succeed.


lakas ng loob

tl-noun

lakás ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

lakás ng loób (canonical)
ᜎᜃᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Literally, “strength of one's insides”, or more loosely translated as “inner strength”.

lit

Kasabwat ng kanyang walang humpay na lakas ng loob, isinaksak niya ang manlulupig sa dibdib.

Alongside his unwavering courage, he stabbed the conquistador in his heart.

Ang lakas ng loob mong sigawan ang nanay mo; bigyan mo naman ng respeto.

You sure have the guts to shout back to your mother; show her some respect.


brokoli

Borrowed from Spanish brócoli, or from English broccoli, from Italian broccoli.


silaba

Borrowed from Spanish sílaba, from Latin syllaba, from Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ).


sukdulan

terminal; end (of a transportation line)


sukdulan

tl-verb

sukdulán (complete sinukdulan, progressive sinusukdulan, contemplative susukdulan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜈ᜔)

sukdulán (canonical)
sinukdulan (completive)
sinusukdulan (progressive)
susukdulan (contemplative)
ᜐᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜓᜎᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sukdol (root)
sukdulan (infinitive)
sinukdulan (completive root)
sinusukdulan (progressive root)
inasukdulan (dialectal progressive root)
susukdulan (contemplative objective)
asukdulan (contemplative dialectal objective)
sukduli (dialectal imperative objective)

sukdulan

to finish; to put an end to (a process, etc.)


topak

Uncertain. Possibly from katok or a backslang from impakto (“evil spirit causing temporary madness”): im-pak-to → to-pak.

(colloquial) tantrum; moodiness (especially of a child)

(colloquial) something wrong (with a device, system, etc.)


imposibilidad

tl-noun

imposibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

imposibilidád (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜉᜓᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


kriminal

kriminál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


Bretanya

[bɾɛˈt̪aː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Bretaña and Spanish Gran Bretaña.

administrative region
administrative region

Brittany (an administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France)


sasa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sasah (“cut or collect palm leaves for roofing”). Compare Cebuano salasa.

inh

Nypa fruticans
Nypa fruticans#Translingual


sasa

feeling of having had too much of something


sasa

(obsolete) name of the Baybayin letter ᜐ, corresponding to "sa"


amor

Borrowed from Spanish amor. Doublet of amores.


lambot ng buto

tl-noun

lambót ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

lambót ng butó (canonical)
ᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


tigas ng buto

tigás ng butó (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ)

tigás ng butó (canonical)
ᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜊᜓᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

'Di ko yata kayang gayahin ang pagsayaw nila; ang tigas ng buto ko e!

I don't think I can copy their dancing; my body isn't flexible!


pabo

Borrowed from Spanish pavo (“turkey”), from Latin pāvō.


sama ng loob

samâ ng loób (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔)

samâ ng loób (canonical)
ᜐᜋ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜎᜓᜂᜊ᜔ (Baybayin)

Matagal na niyang kinikimkim ang sama ng loob niya na sa pagkakataong naubos ang pasensiya niya, sumabog siya na parang bulkan.

He had been keeping his resentment for so long that the moment his patience ran out, he blew up like a volcano.

(idiomatic) ill will; hurt feeling; displeasure; resentment


rebolusyon

rebolusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

rebolusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜎᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish revolución, from Late Latin revolūtiōnem.


-g

Alternative form of -ng, after words ending in n.


muson

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish mojón. Doublet of mohon, a later borrowing.


Salinas

Borrowed from Spanish Salinas, from salina, salinas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, mostly found in Cavite

Two connected barangays in Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines (see Salinas I and Salinas II)


istasyon

istasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪs.t̪ɐˈʃon̪]


lumon

in an advanced stage of ripeness but not yet rotten (of fruit)


desodorante

tl-noun

desodorante (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜓᜇᜓᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


doktora

Borrowed from Spanish doctora (“female doctor”).

bor+

female equivalent of doktor: female doctor


ganta

Borrowed from Spanish ganta, from Cebuano gantang, from Malay gantang.

ganta (unit of grain measure of approximately three liters)


etimologo

etimólogó (canonical)
ᜁᜆᜒᜋᜓᜎᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish etimólogo (“etymologist”).


butas

perforated; punctured; with hole or holes

(figurative, slang) deflowered; devirginized (no longer a virgin)


balada

Borrowed from Spanish balada, from French ballade, from Old Occitan ballada, from Late Latin ballāre.


Andres

[ʔɐn̪ˈd̪ɾɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Andrés, from Latin Andreās, from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέας (Andréas).

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Andrew


interes

interés (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛˈɾɛs]


milimetro

tl-noun

milimetro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


barok

From comic character created by Filipino cartoonist Bert Sarile in 1973, Barok, who was depicted as a “pre-historic caveman”. Possibly influenced by English baroque.

Ang barok ng Tagalog mo!

Halatang tinamad sapagkat hindi idinulot ang iba pang makulay na kahulugan sa Ingles na "joker." Ang totoo, kung may sobra ... Ngunit ang mas mabigat na pagkaligta ay ang hindi pagpapasok sa katu- tubong "barok." Ni hindi man lamang ...

1997, Virgilio S. Almario, Tradisyon at Wikang Filipino, Sentro Ng Wikang Filipino Sistemang Unibersidad Ng Pilipinas

At inilibing namin ang mga buto ni Apong Ibang sa hukay sa isang sulok ng bakuran ni Apong Isis na walang tinawag na ... May Tagalog, may Sebuwano, may Kapampangan, may Iluko, may Ingles, may Espanyol, may Pangasinense. ... 'Yan ang bilin niya, barok, paliwanag ng Amang nang magtanong ako sa kanya.

1982, Reynaldo Arquero Duque, Bagani Ubbog

Like Mel, Grace no longer has plans of working abroad since she has vowed to " prioritize my child and my family. ... naging problema ko pa ay yung salita, kasi bibihira naman ang Hapon na marunong mag-Ingles. So, nag-aral kami ng konting Niponggo at medyo kahit barok na barok kaming magsalita ay nagka- kaintindihan na naman kaming mga Hapon [Perhaps, another problem I faced (at the start) ...

2000, Riza Faith C. Ybañez, Labor Migration & HIV/AIDS: Vulnerability of Filipino Migrant Workers

speaking a language in a broken or unfluent manner (especially by a non-native speaker or someone with a speech disorder)


barok

Borrowed from English baroque, from French baroque, from Portuguese barroco (“irregular pearl”).


panlapi

From pan- + lapi. Coined by grammarian Lope K. Santos in 1940 in the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa (Grammar of the National Language).


koton

Borrowed from English cotton. Doublet of algodon.


aklatan

Magbabasa lang ako sa aklatan. Ang sipag ko 'no?

I'll just be reading at the library. Aren't I diligent?


silid

From Proto-Southern-Philippine *sələd (“interior; inside; within”). Compare Aklanon sueod, Cebuano sulod, Hiligaynon sulod, and Waray-Waray sulod.

Mukhang pagod ka. Ba't 'di ka muna magpahinga sa silid namin?

You look tired. Why don't you rest in our room?

closet or small room for storage (especially in a rural native house)


aklat

Nakalulula ang dami ng mga aklat na inilalathala bawat taon. Mababasa pa ba natin itong lahat?

The amount of books published each year is staggering. Can we still read all of these?

(obsolete) the act of flipping the pages of a book


jilbab

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِلْبَاب (jilbāb).


dungis

(figurative) moral blemish; stain on one's character