asinan

tl-verb

asinán (complete inasinan, progressive inaasinan, contemplative aasinan, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔)

asinán (canonical)
inasinan (completive)
inaasinan (progressive)
aasinan (contemplative)
ᜀᜐᜒᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
asin (root)
mag-asin (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nag-asin (completive root trigger-actor)
nag-aasin (progressive trigger-actor)
nagaasin (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
mag-aasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
magaasin (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gaasin (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kaaasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapag-aasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapag-asin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapag-asin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
asinan (infinitive root trigger-object)
inasinan (completive root trigger-object)
inaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
inaasinan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
aasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
aasinan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pag-asinan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinag-asinan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinag-aasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pag-aasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipag-asin (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinag-asin (benefactive completive root)
ipinapag-asin (benefactive progressive)
ipapag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
ipang-asin (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinang-asin (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapang-asin (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapang-asin (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapag-asin (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapag-asin (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
pag-asinan (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinag-asinan (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
pinag-aasinan (progressive trigger-referential)
papag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
pag-aasinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpaasin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpaasin (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapaasin (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapaasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapaaasin (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapaasin (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papag-asinin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapag-asin (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapag-asin (actor-secondary progressive)
papapag-asinin (actor-secondary contemplative)
paasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinaasinan (completive trigger-object)
pinapaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
pinaaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
papaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
paaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpaasin (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpaasin (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapaasin (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapaasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpaasin (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpaasinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpaasinan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpaasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpaasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papag-asinan (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapag-asinan (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
papapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapag-asin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapag-asin (completive trigger-actor)
nakapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapag-asin (progressive trigger-actor)
makapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapag-asin (contemplative trigger-actor)
maasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
naasinan (completive trigger-object)
naaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
maaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipag-asin (benefactive infinitive)
naipag-asin (benefactive completive)
naipag-aasin (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapag-asin (benefactive progressive)
naiipag-asin (benefactive progressive)
maipag-aasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
maiipag-asin (benefactive contemplative)
maikapag-asin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapag-asin (completive trigger-causative)
naikapag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipag-asin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipag-asin (completive trigger-causative)
naipag-aasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipag-asin (progressive trigger-causative)
maipag-aasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipag-asin (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
napag-aasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapag-aasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpaasin (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapag-asin (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapag-asin (actor-secondary completive)
napapapag-asin (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapag-asin (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapaasinan (infinitive trigger-object)
napaasinan (completive trigger-object)
napaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapaasinan (progressive trigger-object)
mapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapaasinan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpaasin (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpaasin (benefactive completive)
naipagpapaasin (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpaasin (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapaasin (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpaasin (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpaasin (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpaasin (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapaasin (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpaasin (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapaasin (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpaasin (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpaasinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpaasinan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapaaasinan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpaasinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapaaasinan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpaasinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapag-asinan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapag-asinan (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapag-asinan (completive trigger-referential)
napapapag-asinan (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapag-asinan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipag-asin (direct infinitive)
nakipag-asin (completive direct)
nakikipag-asin (direct progressive)
makikipag-asin (contemplative direct)
makiasin (direct infinitive)
nakiasin (completive direct)
nakikiasin (direct progressive)
makikiasin (contemplative direct)
makipagpaasin (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpaasin (completive indirect)
nakikipagpaasin (indirect progressive)
makikipagpaasin (contemplative indirect)

[ʔɐˈsiː.n̪ɐn̪]

to be put salt on; to be sprinkled with salt


bakalaw

Borrowed from Spanish bacalao, from Dutch bakaliaw.


awat

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: awat

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]

reducing or putting out a fire in a stove


awat

[ˈʔaː.wɐt̪̚]


balaan

balaan (complete binalaan, progressive binabalaan, contemplative babalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

binalaan (completive)
binabalaan (progressive)
babalaan (contemplative)
ᜊᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
la (root)
balaan (infinitive)
binalaan (completive root)
binabalaan (progressive root)
inabalaan (dialectal progressive root)
babalaan (contemplative objective)
abalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
balai (dialectal imperative objective)

balaan


bagoong

[bɐˈɣoː.ʔoŋ]

From Proto-Northern Philippine *bagúʔung (“salted/picked shrimps or fish”). Compare Ilocano bugguong and Ibanag bagong. Unrelated to Thai กุ้ง (gûng).

bagoong (Philippine condiment made from fermented fish or shrimp with salt)


balahibo

From Southern Proto-Philippine *barahibu (“body hair”). Compare Bikol Central barahibo and Hiligaynon balahibo.


babae

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi. Cognate with Cebuano babaye, Kapampangan babai, Ilocano babai, Mansaka bobay, Maranao bebay, Paiwan vavayan, and Yogad bebay.

Nahuli ko si Tatay na may kasamang babae noong isang gabi sa sa hotel.

I caught Father with her mistress one night in a hotel.

Ipaghalimbawa natin na ang maybahay ay may isang kaibigan na nagsabi sa kaniya na ang kaniyang asawa ay may kasamang babae.

1981, Tomas Quintin D. Andres, Lohika sa kaisipang Pilipino

Let's use as an example of a wife who has a friend that told her that her husband is out with his mistress.

(electronics, mechanics) female connector; female fastener


balangaw

[bɐ.lɐˈŋaʊ̯]

From Proto-Central Philippine *balaŋaw (“rainbow”). Compare Bikol Central balangaw, Cebuano bangaw, Hiligaynon balangaw, Waray-Waray balangaw, and Tausug bāngaw. The senses “triumphal arch” and “congratulation” may be related to the Noahic Covenant.


bagon

Borrowed from Spanish vagón, from French wagon.

(rail transport) railroad car (US); railway carriage (UK)

(dialectal, Boac-Mogpog Marinduque) five-centavo coin


bagting

Compare Cebuano bagting, Waray-Waray bagting, and Tausug bagting.

rope or wire as an obstacle to prevent entry


balani

Ellipsis of batubalani (“magnet”), from Malay batu berani (“magnet”, literally “brave stone”). Doublet of bayani.


bangketa

[bɐŋˈkɛː.t̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish banqueta (“sidewalk”, literally “little bench”).


bandehado

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish bandejado (“tray, platter”).


atay

From Proto-Philippine *qatay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay. Compare Amis 'atay, Bikol Central katoy, Fijian yate, Hawaiian ake, Kapampangan ate, Maori ate, Malagasy aty, Malay hati, Rukai athai, Saaroa 'aci'i, and Tetum aten.

(colloquial) arch of the sole of the foot


atay

[ˈʔaː.t̪aɪ̯]

(uncommon) act of slowly doing something


atay

[ˈʔaː.t̪aɪ̯]


basag-ulo

From basag + ulo, literally “breaking up of heads”. From the 1930s.


balota

Borrowed from Spanish balota, from French ballotte, from Italian ballotta.


batad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batad (“millet or sorghum sp.”). Compare Hiligaynon batad, Cebuano batad, and Maranao bantad.

inh

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual


bagyo

→ Spanish: baguio

→ Tausug: badju

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀiuh (compare Bikol Central bagyo, Cebuano bagyo, Chamorro påkyo, and Ilocano bagio), from Proto-Austronesian *baʀiuS (“typhoon”) (compare Amis faliyos, Bunun balivus, and Sakizaya baliyus).

(meteorology) typhoon; tropical cyclone; storm; tempest

(figurative, colloquial) bad circumstance that befalls someone


balasubas

someone who fails to pay obligations promptly


banaag

[bɐˈn̪aː.ʔɐɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banaqaʀ (“radiance, as of rising sun”).


banig

Compare Bikol Central banig, Cebuano banig, and Hiligaynon banig.

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


batidor

Borrowed from Spanish batidor. Compare Kapampangan batirul.


iniri

inirí (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
iri (root)
ᜁᜇᜒ (root)
iriin (infinitive)
ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
iniri (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ (completive root)
iniiri (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜒᜁᜇᜒ (progressive root)
inairi (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜁᜇᜒ (progressive root)
iiriin (contemplative objective)
ᜁᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
airiin (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
iriin (imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
iri (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒ (imperative objective)
iria (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜁᜇᜒᜀ (imperative objective)

iniri

iriin
 ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔

iniri
 ᜁᜈᜒᜇᜒ

iniiri
ᜁᜈᜒᜁᜇᜒ
inairi¹
ᜁᜈᜁᜇᜒ

iiriin
ᜁᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔
airiin¹
 ᜀᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔

iriin
 ᜁᜇᜒᜁᜈ᜔
iri¹
ᜁᜇᜒ
iria¹
ᜁᜇᜒᜀ

to push (while giving childbirth or defecating)


batobalani

batobalanì (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜊᜎᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


bangkay

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Kapampangan bangke, and Malay bangkai.


banas

(colloquial) annoyance caused by sultry weather


baraha

Borrowed from Spanish baraja (“deck of cards”), from barajar. Doublet of balasa.


bansag

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ban(e)sag.
Compare Kapampangan bansag.


basag

From Proto-Philippine *basag (“to crack, break; cracked, broken”).

inh

act of breaking or cracking solid and brittle objects


basag

broken; cracked (of solid and brittle objects)


babaye

ᜊᜊᜌᜒ (Baybayin)
Tagalog (Southern dialectal)


monoteismo

tl-noun

monoteismo (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜋᜓᜈᜓᜆᜒᜌᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


barbero

[bɐɾˈbɛː.ɾo]


bangka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkaq (“boat”). Compare Cebuano bangka and Tausug bangka.

boat; canoe (especially a native sailless boat)


balatong

ᜊᜎᜆᜓᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)
Rizal (Batangas)
Quezon (Batangas)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balatuŋ. Compare Tausug batung.


balaw

baláw (canonical)
ᜊᜎᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
Quezon
Marinduque (Eastern)

From Proto-Philippine *balaw (“small shrimp sp.”).

inh

any of a number of species of small shrimp in the genus Acetes (used in bagoong production)


balaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balaw (“a tree, probably Dipterocarpus spp.; resinous substance obtained from this tree”). Compare Ilocano balaw, Cebuano balaw, and Malay balau.

illumination set for a person along a pathway


bahaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaw, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaw. Cognates with Bikol Central bahaw (“cold, referring to food”), and Ilocano baaw (“leftover, cold rice”).

cog

leftover food (especially cooked rice left overnight)


bahaw

process of healing (of wounds, cuts, etc.)


barong

barong Tagalog (a Philippine embroidered long-sleeved formal shirt for men)


barong

barong (cutting weapon used by Moros in the Philippines)


banwa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land, territory supporting the life of a community”). Compare Ibatan vanua (“port”), Pangasinan banwa (“sun”), Kapampangan banua (“year, sky, heaven”), Cebuano banwa (“homeland”), Hiligaynon banwa (“town”), and Malay benua (“large expanse of land”).

inh

(politics, neologism) state; the government of a country or city-state


bilas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *biras (“wife's sister's husband”). Compare Kapampangan bilas, Bikol Central bilas, Cebuano bilas, and Malay biras.

co-sibling-in-law; co-sister-in-law or co-brother-in-law


bibingka

tl-noun

bibingka or bibingká (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ)

bibingka (canonical)
bibingká (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜅ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Malay bingka (“cake made of rice flour, coconut milk, eggs and plum sugar”) with initial reduplication. The genitalia sense is borrowed from Cebuano bibingka (“female genitalia”). Compare Tausug bibingka and Philippine Spanish vivinca.

bor+

bibingka (rice cake made from rice, coconut, and grated coconut, and wrapped in coconut leaves)


bendisyon

tl-noun

bendisyón (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

bendisyón (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish bendición, from Old Spanish bendicion, from Ecclesiastical Latin benedictiōnem (“blessing”).

der

(Christianity) absolution (during Confession)


bantayan

tl-verb

bantayán (complete binantayan, progressive binabantayan, contemplative babantayan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜌᜈ᜔)

bantayán (canonical)
binantayan (completive)
binabantayan (progressive)
babantayan (contemplative)
ᜊᜈ᜔ᜆᜌᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bantay (root)
magbantay (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nagbantay (completive root trigger-actor)
nagbabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
nagabantay (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
magbabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
magabantay (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gabantay (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kababantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagbabantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapagbantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapagbantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
bantayin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binantay (completive root trigger-object)
binabantay (progressive trigger-object)
inabantay (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
babantayin (contemplative trigger-object)
abantayin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
bantayan (directional infinitive root)
binantayan (completive directional root)
binabantayan (directional progressive)
inabantayan (dialectal directional progressive)
babantayan (contemplative directional)
abantayan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagbantayan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbantayan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipagbantay (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinagbantay (benefactive completive root)
ipinapagbantay (benefactive progressive)
ipapagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
ipambantay (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambantay (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambantay (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambantay (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapagbantay (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbantay (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagbantayan (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinagbantayan (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
pinagbabantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
papagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
pagbabantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpabantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabantay (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapababantay (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabantay (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papagbantayin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapagbantay (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapagbantay (actor-secondary progressive)
papapagbantayin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabantay (completive trigger-object)
ipinababantay (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabantay (progressive trigger-object)
ipababantay (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
pabantayan (directional infinitive)
pinabantayan (completive directional)
pinapabantayan (directional progressive)
pinababantayan (directional progressive)
papabantayan (contemplative directional)
pababantayan (contemplative directional)
ipagpabantay (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabantay (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabantay (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabantayan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapababantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapababantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbantayan (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapagbantayan (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
papapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapagbantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagbantay (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagbantay (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagbantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
nabantay (completive trigger-object)
nababantay (progressive trigger-object)
mababantay (contemplative trigger-object)
mabantayan (directional infinitive)
nabantayan (completive directional)
nababantayan (directional progressive)
mababantayan (contemplative directional)
maipagbantay (benefactive infinitive)
naipagbantay (benefactive completive)
naipagbabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagbantay (benefactive progressive)
naiipagbantay (benefactive progressive)
maipagbabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagbantay (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagbantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagbantay (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipagbantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipagbantay (completive trigger-causative)
naipagbabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipagbantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maipagbabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipagbantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbabantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbabantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabantay (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapagbantay (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapagbantay (actor-secondary completive)
napapapagbantay (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapagbantay (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabantay (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabantay (completive trigger-object)
naipababantay (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabantay (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabantay (progressive trigger-object)
maipababantay (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabantay (contemplative trigger-object)
mapabantayan (directional infinitive)
napabantayan (completive directional)
napababantayan (directional formal progressive)
napapabantayan (directional progressive)
mapababantayan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapabantayan (contemplative directional)
maipagpabantay (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabantay (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabantay (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabantay (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabantay (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabantay (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabantay (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabantay (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabantay (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabantay (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabantay (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabantay (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapababantayan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapababantayan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbantayan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbantayan (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapagbantayan (completive trigger-referential)
napapapagbantayan (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapagbantayan (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipagbantay (direct infinitive)
nakipagbantay (completive direct)
nakikipagbantay (direct progressive)
makikipagbantay (contemplative direct)
makibantay (direct infinitive)
nakibantay (completive direct)
nakikibantay (direct progressive)
makikibantay (contemplative direct)
makipagpabantay (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabantay (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabantay (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabantay (contemplative indirect)


bilad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”).

inh

exposed under the sun (usually for drying)

(figurative) exposed for all to see; in the open


bantay

[bɐn̪ˈt̪aɪ̯]

Possibly from Chinese. Compare Hokkien 望 (bāng)臺／台 (tâi), Hokkien 萬代／万代 (bān-tāi), Hokkien 向望 (ǹg-bāng), Tagalog abang, and Tagalog antay. Cognates with Bikol Central bantay, Cebuano bantay, Hiligaynon bantay, Kapampangan bante, Maranao bantay, and Waray-Waray bantay.

act of guarding (a person, place, object, etc.)

(endearing) affectionate epithet for a dog


bayabas

Early borrowing from Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba, from Taíno / Lokono. Compare Malay biawas and Brunei Malay biabas.


balita

Borrowed from Malay berita, from Sanskrit वार्त्ता (vārttā, “news”). Compare Bikol Central bareta and Tausug bayta'.

Pakinggan natin ang balita.

Ayon sa balita'i pan͠galauá itó / ng Principe niyang bantóg sa sangmundó

1838, Francisco Balagtas, Florante at Laura

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Datapuwa't sinabi niya sa kanila, Dapat namang ipangaral ko sa mga ibang bayan ang mabubuting balita ng kaharian ng Dios: sapagka't sa ganito ay sinugo ako.

Makinig sa iyong debateryang radyo para sa mga balita at payo, utos o bilin. Lumikas kapag pinayuhan o inutusan kang gawin ito.

1991, Ang Iyong Pampamilyang Plano Laban sa Sakuna

Nagbabahala kahapon ang Department of Justice (DoJ) na kakasuhan nito at ipakukulong ang sino mang magkakalat ng maling balita tungkol sa Ebola outbreak.

Sa buong panahon ng 2017, naging regular ang mga negatibong balita tungkol sa kampanya kontra droga ng pamahalaan [...] Sa pagsisimula ng 2018, isang natatanging magandang balita ang namayani—


balita

Naakit ang lahat sa ganda ng balitang prinsesa.

All were attracted to the beauty of the famous princess.

Sigaw n͠g balita'y ¿ano't nániniig / ang napapanahon sa nasang pag-ibig?

Páhayagáng̃ kanyá ring̃ likhâ na pinamagatáng̃ «El Hogar» at nagíng̃ katulong̃ ng̃ balitang̃ «Pliegong Tagalog» na nagbábanság ng̃ lalong̃ maháhalagáng̃ pagbaka sa ating̃ mg̃a kaaway.

1922, Jose N. Sevilla & Tolentino, Mga Dakilang Pilipino


bangon

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋun, from Proto-Austronesian *baŋuN. Compare Bikol Central bangon, Cebuano bangon, Hiligaynon bangon, and Malay bangun.


bangon

(Batangas) cylindrical or cigar-shaped fish pot made of bamboo splits (for catching freshwater shrimp and eel)


baog

baóg (canonical)
baog (canonical)
ᜊᜂᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Philippine *baqug (“spoiled; sterile”). Compare Ilocano baog, Kapampangan baug, Bikol Central baog, and Cebuano baog.


banta

From Proto-Philippine *bantaq (“to argue with”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bantaq. Cognate with Cebuano banta (“to warn someone not to do something; to plan to do harm”), Indonesian and Malay bantah (“altercation”).

cog

May banta sa akin ang mga kaaway ko.

Banta sa seguridad ng bansa ang planong pagpasok ng ilang teroristang grupo mula sa Gitnang Silangan.

The planned entry of terrorist groups from the Middle East constitute a national security threat.


bawi

From Proto-Philippine *bawiq (cf. Cebuano bawi).

retrieval; recovery (of one's property, health, etc.)

retraction (of one's words, commitment, etc.)


baybay

From Proto-Philippine *baybáy (“beach; shore”).

inh

guide railing (especially for children learning to walk)

act of tracing or going along the side of a river, street, etc.


bihag

→ Kapampangan: bihag

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ (“captive: taken alive in war; to spare: allow to live”). Compare Ilocano biag, Pangasinan bilay, Sambali biyay, Kapampangan bie, Cebuano bihag, Maranao biyag / oyag, and Malay biar. Possible doublet of buhay.

Bihagin mo iyang baboy.

(obsolete) act of living or letting something live

(physiology, figuratively, obsolete) erection of a penis


bihag

bihag pa


bilin

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bilin (“order, request, command; message; something left for another”). Compare Tausug bīn.

directions; instructions (given by someone leaving for a while)


bilin

tl-verb

bilín (complete binili, progressive binibili, contemplative bibilin, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

bilín (canonical)
binili (completive)
binibili (progressive)
bibilin (contemplative)
ᜊᜒᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


baha

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahaq, from Proto-Austronesian *baSaq. Compare Malay bah. See also Sanskrit वाह (vā́ha, “flowing into or towards”).


baha

stoppage (of ration, installment, subscription, etc.)


bilanggo

→ Ilocano: bilanggo

[bɪ.lɐŋˈɡoʔ]

Borrowing from Hiligaynon bilanggo (“prisoner; bailiff”) or from Cebuano bilanggo. The Cebuano and Hiligaynon may have descended from Proto-Visayan *bilaŋgu, ultimately from Tamil விலங்கு (vilaṅku, “animal; fetters; shackles; manacles”). See also Malay belenggu (“shackle”).
Sense 2, possibly from back-formation from bilangguan (“prison”) (borrowing from Cebuano or Hiligaynon bilanggoan).


bintana

[bɪn̪ˈt̪aː.n̪ɐʔ]

Early borrowing from Spanish ventana (“window”).

Buksan mo ang bintana.

Maraming bintana kaya maliwanag ang kuwarto.

There are many windows so the room is bright.


bayaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayaw. Cognate with Bikol Central bayaw, Cebuano bayaw, and Waray-Waray bayaw.


biskwit

biskwít (canonical)
ᜊᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ᜔ᜏᜒᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of biskuwit.


bisikleta

Borrowed from Spanish bicicleta, from French bicyclette.

Kaya kung gusto ni Agot na mabasa at pati na rin ang reactions ng netizens ay kanyang mabasa, visit niya ang FB ni Isabel. “For ur perusal aggot maggot isidro!!! bawal mainggit sa gitna ng pandemia. Bawal pakialaman post ng iba sa wall nila, bawal din hindi ipost regalo ng kaibigang bisekleta para malaman nilang grateful sila. Bawal kang hindi uminom ng medicines mo para sa aggressive anti-social behaviours mo!!!”

2020, Nitz Miralles, “Agot tinawag ding anti-social, pakialamera”, in Pang-Masa


binhi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *binəhiq, from Proto-Austronesian *binəSiq.

inh+

(Christianity, Iglesia ni Cristo) baptized members aged 12 to 17


bisyo

Borrowed from Spanish vicio, from Latin vitium.


bitay

From Proto-Philippine *bítay. Compare Ilocano bitay, Cebuano bitay, Hiligaynon bitay, and Maranao bentay.


obispado

Borrowed from Spanish obispado (“bishopric”).


binata

[bɪˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]


bisita

(historical) village chapel; small barrio chapel


bayo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bayu (“to pound”).

inh

heavy blows (of punches, attack, wind, etc.)


budhi

Borrowed from Sanskrit बुद्धि (buddhi, “intelligence; understanding; mind”). Compare Malay budi.

bor+

intuition; faculty of intuitive discernment

(colloquial) sorrow for one's suffering; pity


batok

strike on the nape (especially with one's hand)


batok

batók (canonical)
ᜊᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)
Marinduque (dialectal)


batok

cowardice or fear felt by someone in danger


bino

Borrowed from Spanish vino, from Latin vīnum.


buhat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhat (“do; make; work”). Compare Cebuano buhat and Malay buat.

inh

object being lifted; object being carried


tamis

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taq(ə)mis. Compare Ilocano sam-it, Pangasinan samit, Bikol Central hamis, Cebuano tam-is and Malay manis.


kapsula

Borrowed from Spanish cápsula, from Latin capsula.


bukana

Cognate with Hiligaynon bukana, from Spanish boca. See also Spanish bocana.

front; threshold (of a house, building, etc.)


bukadkad

bukadkád (canonical)
ᜊᜓᜃᜇ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


bukadkad

act of opening one by one (of petals, pages, etc.)


bukad

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj (“to open, as a fist; to blossom, of flowers”). Compare Ilocano bekkag and Maranao bekar.


buksan

tl-verb

buksán (complete binuksan, progressive binubuksan, contemplative bubuksan, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔)

buksán (canonical)
binuksan (completive)
binubuksan (progressive)
bubuksan (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
bukas (root)
bumukas (infinitive root trigger-actor)
bumukas (completive root trigger-actor)
bumubukas (progressive trigger-actor)
nabukas (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
bubukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabukas (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kabubukas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
buksan (infinitive root trigger-object)
binuksan (completive root trigger-object)
binubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
inabuksan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
bubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
abuksan (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagbuksan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbuksan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbubuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbubuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ibukas (benefactive infinitive root)
ibinukas (benefactive completive root)
ibinubukas (benefactive progressive)
ibubukas (benefactive contemplative)
ipambukas (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambukas (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambukas (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambukas (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikabukas (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinabukas (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinabubukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
ibukas (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ibinukas (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ibinubukas (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ibubukas (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ibukas (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ibinukas (completive root trigger-measurement)
ibinubukas (progressive trigger-measurement)
ibubukas (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapabubukas (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabukas (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
pabuksin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinabukas (actor-secondary completive)
pinabubukas (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapabukas (actor-secondary progressive)
pabubuksin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papabuksin (actor-secondary contemplative)
pabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
pinabuksan (completive trigger-object)
pinapabuksan (progressive trigger-object)
pinabubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
papabuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
pabubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpabukas (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabukas (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabukas (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabukas (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabukas (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabuksan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbuksan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nakabubukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
makabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
napabukas (completive trigger-actor)
napabubukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
mapabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
nabuksan (completive trigger-object)
nabubuksan (progressive trigger-object)
mabubuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
maibukas (benefactive infinitive)
naibukas (benefactive completive)
naibubukas (benefactive progressive)
maibubukas (benefactive contemplative)
maikabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikabukas (completive trigger-causative)
naikabubukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naikabubukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maibukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naibukas (completive trigger-causative)
naibubukas (progressive trigger-causative)
maibubukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbukasan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbukasan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbubukasan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbukasan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbubukasan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbukasan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabukas (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapabukas (actor-secondary infinitive)
napabukas (actor-secondary completive)
napabubukas (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapabukas (actor-secondary progressive)
mapabubukas (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapabukas (actor-secondary contemplative)
mapabuksan (infinitive trigger-object)
napabuksan (completive trigger-object)
napabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-object)
napapabuksan (progressive trigger-object)
mapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
mapapabuksan (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpabukas (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabukas (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabukas (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabukas (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabukas (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabukas (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabukas (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabukas (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabukas (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabukas (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabukas (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabukas (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabuksan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapabubuksan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapabubuksan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuksan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbuksan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbuksan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbuksan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makibukas (direct infinitive)
nakibukas (completive direct)
nakikibukas (direct progressive)
makikibukas (contemplative direct)
makipagpabukas (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabukas (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabukas (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabukas (contemplative indirect)

Syncopic form of bukasan, from bukas + -an.

Buksan mo ang pinto.

Binuksan ng bata ang ilaw.

(literally, “The light was turned on by the kid.”)

to be mentioned; to be begun to be talked about; to be opened as a subject


bukal

Possibly related to Spanish brocal. Compare Bikol Central bukal, Hiligaynon bukal, and Ilocano bukal.

spring; natural source of fresh water with continuous flow

(figurative) origin; original source; fountainhead

eruption on the skin (of rash, disease, etc.)


bulawan

From Proto-Austronesian *bulaw-an (“gold”), equivalent to bulaw + -an. Compare Ivatan vuhawan, Ibanag vulawan, Bikol Central bulawan, Aklanon bueawan, Cebuano bulawan, Maranao bolawan, Tausug bulawan, and Kavalan berawan. The word is not found in early Tagalog dictionaries and may be borrowed from other Philippine languages.


bulalakaw

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”), possibly through Hiligaynon or Cebuano. Cognate with Kapampangan bulalako (“meteor”), Cebuano bulakaw (“spirit resembling St. Elmo's fire”), Maranao bolalakaw (“god of fish”), and Tausug bulākaw (“meteor”).


asido

Borrowed from Spanish ácido (“acid”), from Latin acidus.


halaga

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).


halili

From Proto-Central Philippine *halili (“substitute”). Compare Cebuano halili. Possibly from a reduplication of Malay alih (“change, replace, transfer”).


parol

→ English: parol

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Kapampangan parul.


parol

Borrowed from English parol, from Middle French parole, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ). Doublet of parabola, parabula, and palabra.


parol

(obsolete) respect for another by following the person's judgment


buslot

break or opening on floors offering danger of stumbling

unexpected depressions on pathways, also offering danger of stumbling

stumble due to one's foot tripping on an opening on the floor or an unexpected depression on a pathway


dapaw

(Gasan-Buenavista Marinduque) chicken louse; chicken flea


dalagita

[d̪ɐ.lɐˈɣiː.t̪ɐ]

From dalaga + -ita (“diminutive suffix”).


dawdaw

[d̪aʊ̯ˈd̪aʊ̯]

dipping in liquid (of one's hand or fingers)


debosyon

debosyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜊᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish devoción, from Latin dēvōtiō.


demokrasya

tl-noun

demokrasya (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜇᜒᜋᜓᜃ᜔ᜇᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish democracia (“democracy”), from Ancient Greek δημοκρατία (dēmokratía).


bunggo

Compare Cebuano bunggo and Hiligaynon bunggo.


dayan

festive decorations (such as buntings, bannerets, or arches put up during town celebrations)


busay

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəsay. Compare Asi busay, Bikol Central busay, Cebuano busay and Tausug busay.


busal

muzzle (device to prevent an animal from biting)


dalok

Borrowed from Malay jeruk, from Javanese ꦗꦼꦫꦸꦏ꧀ (jeruk), from Old Javanese jruk.


bunyag

disclosure; revelation (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


bunyag

disclosed; revealed (of a secret, a controversy, etc.)


damak

unit of measure equal to the width of one's palm


butig

From Southern Proto-Philippine *butiʀ. Compare butlig.


butang

From Cebuano butang (“to place”). Compare butangan.

act of beating or hitting a person mercilessly (as of a thug)


buling

act of throwing water at someone (on the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist on June 24th)


dapit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapit (“ferry across”).

inh

religious ceremony where a dead body is brought into a church with a priest and acolytes where it is blessed (before being buried)

(archaic, now dialectal) fetching of a bride by the groom's relatives from her home after the wedding to the house of the groom


dagas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀas (“hasten”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəʀəs (“swift flowing of water, rain”). Doublet of dalas.

emergency call for someone needed (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)

person sent in an errand to call people in an emergency (especially for relatives of someone recently deceased or ill)


bungot

piece of thread put through the eye of a needle


dalag

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual

mudfish; striped snakehead (Channa striata)


dalaw

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálaw. Compare dalo and Kapampangan dalo.

(by extension) visit of a suitor (usually male)

(by extension) suitor paying a visit (usually male)


dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”). Also possibly Sanskrit of origin, either Sanskrit दारिका (dārikā, “girl, daughter”), or Sanskrit दार (dāra, “wife”).
Compare Aklanon daeaga, Bikol Central daraga, Cebuano dalaga, Hiligaynon dalaga, Malay dara, and Urak Lawoi' ราดารา (radara).

bor

young, unmarried lady; maiden (especially one that has passed puberty)


dalaga

[d̪ɐˈlaː.ɣɐ]

(by extension) virgin; chaste (of a woman)


danaw

From Proto-Philippine *danaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danaw, from Proto-Austronesian *danaw. Doublet of lanaw. Compare Eastern Bontoc fiannaw.


dalo

Possibly borrowed from Kapampangan dalo. Compare dalaw.

attendance; presence (in an event, performance, etc.)


buti

Borrowed from Sanskrit भूति (bhūti, “well-being; adornment”).

bor+

sukat ang katagang sabi sa mabuting umiintindi


dikta

Borrowed from Spanish dictar, from Latin dictāre.


dahon

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dahun (“leaf”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dahun (“leaf; blade of paddle or oar; ‘table’ for eating”). Compare Malay daun.

inh

(publishing) sheet of paper; leaf (of a book)

movable frame or panelling (of a door or window)

(obsolete) offerings to the anitos put on certain leaves


buto

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butəqul with elision of /l/.


buto

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *butuq (cf. Bikol Central buto (“penis”), Cebuano buto (“testicle”), Hiligaynon buto (“penis”), Ilocano buto (“penis”), and Kapampangan butu (“penis”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq (Malagasy voto (“penis”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)), from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq (cf. Saisiyat bosoe' (“testicle”)).


diskusyon

tl-noun

diskusyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

diskusyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discusión, from Latin discussiō.


dulog

appearance before a person in authority (to complain or to seek help)


diskurso

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜐᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish discurso, from Latin discursus.


esensya

[ʔɛˈsɛn̪.ʃɐ]

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of esensiya.


embahador

embahadór (feminine embahadora, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔)

embahadór (canonical)
embahadora (feminine)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜑᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


eskandalo

eskándaló (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish escándalo (“scandal”).


dokumento

tl-noun

dokumento (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜇᜓᜃᜓᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish documento (“document”).


eleksyon

tl-noun

eleksyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

eleksyón (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of eleksiyon.


eskoba

a species of undershrub (half a meter high, used for rheumatism and insect bites)


ehemplo

Borrowed from Spanish ejemplo, from Old Spanish exemplo, enxemplo, enxiemplo, from Latin exemplum. Doublet of eksampol and sampol.


duyog

Compare Aklanon duyog (“sleepy; cannot keep one's eyes open”).


eklipse

Borrowed from Spanish eclipse, from Latin eclīpsis, from Ancient Greek ἔκλειψις (ékleipsis, “absence, abandoning”).


doktrina

Borrowed from Spanish doctrina (“doctrine”).


duyong

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duyuŋ (“sea cow; dugong”). Doublet of dugong. Compare Ivatan ruyung, Ibatan royong, Ilocano luy-ong, Cebuano dugong, and Malay duyong.


elektrisidad

tl-noun

elektrisidád (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

elektrisidád (canonical)
ᜁᜎᜒᜃ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


duyan

From Proto-Philippine *dúyan. See also Ilocano indayon.


dulot

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dúlut.
Compare Cebuano dulot and Hiligaynon dulot.

presenting; offering (of a gift to someone)


elepante

(figurative, derogatory) big, lazy fellow


edukasyon

edukasyón (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

edukasyón (canonical)
ᜁᜇᜓᜃᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛ.d̪ʊ.xɐˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish educación, from Latin ēducātiō.

knowledge; ability (learned from schooling)


dumukot

tl-verb

dumukot (complete dumukot, progressive dumurukot, contemplative durukot, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔)

dumukot (completive)
dumurukot (progressive)
durukot (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜃᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
dukot (root)
dumukot (infinitive root trigger-actor)
dumukot (completive root trigger-actor)
dumudukot (progressive trigger-actor)
nadukot (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
dudukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
madukot (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kadudukot (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
dukutin (infinitive root trigger-object)
dinukot (completive root trigger-object)
dinudukot (progressive trigger-object)
inadukot (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
dudukutin (contemplative trigger-object)
adukutin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
dukutan (directional infinitive root)
dinukutan (completive directional root)
dinudukutan (directional progressive)
inadukutan (dialectal directional progressive)
dudukutan (contemplative directional)
adukutan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagdukutan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagdukutan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagdudukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagdudukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
idukot (benefactive infinitive root)
idinukot (benefactive completive root)
idinudukot (benefactive progressive)
idudukot (benefactive contemplative)
ipandukot (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinandukot (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapandukot (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapandukot (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikadukot (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinadukot (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinadudukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
ikadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
idukot (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
idinukot (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
idinudukot (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
idudukot (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
idukot (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
idinukot (completive root trigger-measurement)
idinudukot (progressive trigger-measurement)
idudukot (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapadudukot (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapadukot (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
padukutin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinadukot (actor-secondary completive)
pinadudukot (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapadukot (actor-secondary progressive)
padudukutin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papadukutin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipadukot (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinadukot (completive trigger-object)
ipinadudukot (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapadukot (progressive trigger-object)
ipadudukot (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
padukutan (directional infinitive)
pinadukutan (completive directional)
pinapadukutan (directional progressive)
pinadudukutan (directional progressive)
papadukutan (contemplative directional)
padudukutan (contemplative directional)
ipagpadukot (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpadukot (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapadukot (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapadukot (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpadukot (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpadukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpadukutan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapadudukutan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpadukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapadudukutan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpadukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagdukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagdukutan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nakadudukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
makadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
napadukot (completive trigger-actor)
napadudukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
mapadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
madukot (infinitive trigger-object)
nadukot (completive trigger-object)
nadudukot (progressive trigger-object)
madudukot (contemplative trigger-object)
madukutan (directional infinitive)
nadukutan (completive directional)
nadudukutan (directional progressive)
madudukutan (contemplative directional)
maidukot (benefactive infinitive)
naidukot (benefactive completive)
naidudukot (benefactive progressive)
maidudukot (benefactive contemplative)
maikadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikadukot (completive trigger-causative)
naikadudukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naikadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
maidukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naidukot (completive trigger-causative)
naidudukot (progressive trigger-causative)
maidudukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagdukotan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagdukotan (completive trigger-locative)
napagdudukotan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagdukotan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagdudukotan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagdukotan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpadukot (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadukot (actor-secondary infinitive)
napadukot (actor-secondary completive)
napadudukot (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapadukot (actor-secondary progressive)
mapadudukot (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapadukot (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipadukot (infinitive trigger-object)
naipadukot (completive trigger-object)
naipadudukot (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapadukot (progressive trigger-object)
naiipadukot (progressive trigger-object)
maipadudukot (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipadukot (contemplative trigger-object)
mapadukutan (directional infinitive)
napadukutan (completive directional)
napadudukutan (directional formal progressive)
napapadukutan (directional progressive)
mapadudukutan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapadukutan (contemplative directional)
maipagpadukot (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpadukot (benefactive completive)
naipagpapadukot (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpadukot (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapadukot (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpadukot (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpadukot (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpadukot (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapadukot (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpadukot (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapadukot (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpadukot (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpadukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpadukutan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapadudukutan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpadukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapadudukutan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpadukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagdukutan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagdukutan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagdukutan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagdukutan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makidukot (direct infinitive)
nakidukot (completive direct)
nakikidukot (direct progressive)
makikidukot (contemplative direct)
makipagpadukot (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpadukot (completive indirect)
nakikipagpadukot (indirect progressive)
makikipagpadukot (contemplative indirect)


dyanitor

dyánitór (canonical)
ᜇ᜔ᜌᜈᜒᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌd͡ʒaː.n̪ɪˈt̪oɾ]


dumugo

dumugô (complete dumugo, progressive dumudugo, contemplative dudugo, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ)

dumugô (canonical)
dumugo (completive)
dumudugo (progressive)
dudugo (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
dugo (root)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (root)
actor (focus)
kadudugo (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ (completive formal past past-recent)
dumugo (formal imperative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (formal imperative)
dugo (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (formal imperative)
kakadugo (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜇᜓᜄᜓ (completive informal past past-recent)
dumugo (imperative informal)
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ (imperative informal)
dugo (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

dumugo

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ
dungmugo¹
ᜇᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜄᜓ

dumudugo
ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
dungmudugo¹
 ᜇᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
nadugo²
ᜈ ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

dudugo
 ᜇᜓᜇᜓᜄᜓ
madugo²
ᜋ ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

dumugo
 ᜇᜓᜋᜓᜄᜓ
dugo²
ᜇᜓᜄᜓ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.

[d̪ʊ.mʊˈɣoʔ]


ehersisyo

tl-noun

ehersisyo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜁᜑᜒᜇ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish ejercicio, from Latin exercitium.


dumaan

tl-verb

dumaán (complete dumaan, progressive dumaraan, contemplative daraan, Baybayin spelling ᜇᜓᜋᜀᜈ᜔)

dumaán (canonical)
dumaan (completive)
dumaraan (progressive)
daraan (contemplative)
ᜇᜓᜋᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
daan (root)
dumaan (infinitive root trigger-actor)
dumaan (completive root trigger-actor)
dumadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
nadaan (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
dadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
madaan (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kadadaan (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
daanin (infinitive root trigger-object)
dinaan (completive root trigger-object)
dinadaan (progressive trigger-object)
inadaan (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
dadaanin (contemplative trigger-object)
adaanin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
daanan (directional infinitive root)
dinaanan (completive directional root)
dinadaanan (directional progressive)
inadaanan (dialectal directional progressive)
dadaanan (contemplative directional)
adaanan (contemplative dialectal directional)
pagdaanan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagdaanan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagdadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagdadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
idaan (benefactive infinitive root)
idinaan (benefactive completive root)
idinadaan (benefactive progressive)
idadaan (benefactive contemplative)
ipandaan (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinandaan (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapandaan (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapandaan (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikadaan (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinadaan (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinadadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
ikadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
idaan (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
idinaan (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
idinadaan (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
idadaan (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
idaan (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
idinaan (completive root trigger-measurement)
idinadaan (progressive trigger-measurement)
idadaan (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapadadaan (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapadaan (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
padaanin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinadaan (actor-secondary completive)
pinadadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
pinapadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
padadaanin (actor-secondary contemplative)
papadaanin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipadaan (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinadaan (completive trigger-object)
ipinadadaan (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapadaan (progressive trigger-object)
ipadadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
padaanan (directional infinitive)
pinadaanan (completive directional)
pinapadaanan (directional progressive)
pinadadaanan (directional progressive)
papadaanan (contemplative directional)
padadaanan (contemplative directional)
ipagpadaan (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpadaan (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapadaan (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapadaan (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpadaan (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpadaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpadaanan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapadadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapadadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nakadadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
makadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
napadaan (completive trigger-actor)
napadadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
mapadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
madaan (infinitive trigger-object)
nadaan (completive trigger-object)
nadadaan (progressive trigger-object)
madadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
madaanan (directional infinitive)
nadaanan (completive directional)
nadadaanan (directional progressive)
madadaanan (contemplative directional)
maidaan (benefactive infinitive)
naidaan (benefactive completive)
naidadaan (benefactive progressive)
maidadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maikadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikadaan (completive trigger-causative)
naikadadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naikadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
maidaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naidaan (completive trigger-causative)
naidadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
maidadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napagdadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagdadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpadaan (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapadaan (actor-secondary infinitive)
napadaan (actor-secondary completive)
napadadaan (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapadaan (actor-secondary progressive)
mapadadaan (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapadaan (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipadaan (infinitive trigger-object)
naipadaan (completive trigger-object)
naipadadaan (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapadaan (progressive trigger-object)
naiipadaan (progressive trigger-object)
maipadadaan (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipadaan (contemplative trigger-object)
mapadaanan (directional infinitive)
napadaanan (completive directional)
napadadaanan (directional formal progressive)
napapadaanan (directional progressive)
mapadadaanan (contemplative directional formal)
mapapadaanan (contemplative directional)
maipagpadaan (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpadaan (benefactive completive)
naipagpapadaan (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpadaan (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapadaan (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpadaan (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpadaan (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpadaan (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapadaan (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpadaan (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapadaan (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpadaan (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpadaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpadaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapadadaanan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpadaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapadadaanan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpadaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagdaanan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagdaanan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagdaanan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagdaanan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makidaan (direct infinitive)
nakidaan (completive direct)
nakikidaan (direct progressive)
makikidaan (contemplative direct)
makipagpadaan (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpadaan (completive indirect)
nakikipagpadaan (indirect progressive)
makikipagpadaan (contemplative indirect)

[d̪ʊˈmaː.ʔɐn̪]

Dumaan lang 'yung kotse.

Dumaan ako sa inyo pero wala ka.

I dropped by on Thursday, but you were out.

to drop by; to drop in (for a short visit)


dulang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dulaŋ (“tray or low table”). Compare Cebuano dulang (“washbowl”) and Malay dulang (“tray”).

inh

low dining table (usually made of mahogany or narra)


dula

dulâ (canonical)
dulà (canonical)
ᜇᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Central-Philippine *dúlaʔ (“to play; amuse oneself”). Compare Cebuano dula, Kamayo duwa, and Malagasy dôla. The sense “drama” was introduced in the early 20th century.


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Kapampangan dala, Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tausug dā, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

(figurative) brought about; caused (by something aforementioned)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dala

Borrowed from Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zəʀa.

wary; scared off; cautious (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


estudyante

tl-noun

estudyante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛs.t̪ʊˈd͡ʒan̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɪs.t̪ʊˈd͡ʒan̪.t̪ɛ]


Espiritu Santo

tl-proper noun

Espíritú Santo (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

Espíritú Santo (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜒᜆᜓ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Espíritu Santo (“Holy Spirit”), from Latin Spīritus Sānctus (“Holy Spirit”), calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion, literally “Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit”).

der

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον


Espanya

[ʔɛsˈpaː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish España, from Latin Hispānia.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


eskultor

tl-noun

eskultór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

eskultór (canonical)
ᜁᜐ᜔ᜃᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


gamit

[ˈɡaː.mɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.mɛt̪̚]

From Greater Central Philippine *gámit, from Proto-Philippine *ʀámit, *gámit (“to use”). Compare Ilocano ram-ramit, Bikol Central gamit, Cebuano gamit, and Masbatenyo gamit.


gamit

[ˈɡaː.mɪt̪̚]

[ˈɡaː.mɛt̪̚]


galing

Galing!

Galing ah!

expression of praise or endorsement after a display of expertise; remarkable; excellent; wow; great; awesome; great job; well done

(sarcastic) expression of sarcastic disappointment or ridicule after a display of incompetence; wow; great; good job; well done


galing

Galing ako sa palengke.


gab-i

gab-í (canonical)
ᜄᜊ᜔ᜁ (Baybayin)
Rizal (dialectal)


gago

tl-adj

gago (feminine gaga, Baybayin spelling ᜄᜄᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish gago (“one who stutters”).

bor+

Hoy, napakagago mo naman!

(vulgar, derogatory) contemptible; obnoxious

(uncommon, offensive) stuttering; stammering


gago

'Gago ka talaga!

(vulgar, derogatory) fool; stupid person; contemptible person


gago

Ay gago!

(vulgar, slang) mindless swear of frustration: shit!; fuck!


mandolina

Borrowed from Spanish mandolina (“mandolin”).


embalsama

embalsamá (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


embalsamo

embálsamó (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish embalsamar, influenced by bálsamo.


sisi

Kapampangan: sisi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *səlsəl (“regret, remorse for something done”) with elision of /l/. Compare Bikol Central sulsol, Aklanon hinuesoe, Cebuano hinulsol, and Malay sesal.

inh

blame; blaming; reprimand (for a mistake or fault done)


inspirado

tl-adj

inspirado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


datos

Para sa paglilikom ng mga datos, isang normatibong sarbey ang isinagawa sa mga paaralang publiko, antas elementarya sa 13 rehiyon.

2005, Wikang Filipino: Kasaysayan at Pag-unlad' 2005 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 109

For the collection of data, a normative survey has been carried out in public elementary schools in 13 regions.


ermita

[ʔɛɾˈmiː.t̪ɐ]


subida

ascent; rise; mounting (on an upward slope)

ascending slope or incline (of a street, etc.)

doctor's visit and treatment of a patient

(by extension) doctor's fee for such a visit


taras

tarás (canonical)
taras (canonical)
ᜆᜇᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

boldness, arrogance, or contemptuousness in speech; candor or frankness in speech


normalin

tl-verb

nórmalín (complete ninormal, progressive ninonormal, contemplative nonormalin, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔)

nórmalín (canonical)
ninormal (completive)
ninonormal (progressive)
nonormalin (contemplative)
ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

First popularized from the phrase Lakad matatag! Normalin, normalin, translated as “Walk strong! Normal attacks, normal attacks” in Dota 2, a borrowing of English normal + -in.

(gaming, especially Dota 2) to use normal attacks


Teodoro

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Theodore


delicadeza

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish delicadeza.


Jumu'ah

[d͡ʒʊ.mʊˈʔa]

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جمعة (jumuʕa), as in الجمعة (al-jumuʕa).

Jumu'ah (main congregational prayers, held at noon on a Friday)


optometrista

tl-noun

optometrista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜓᜋᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


halakhak

From *hakhak + *-al-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hakhak (“laugh loudly; loud or raucous laughter”). Possibly onomatopoeic in origin. Doublet of halikhik.

inh

Nagbigay ng malaking halakhak ang mga manonood sa hirit ng komedyante.

The audience gave a big laugh at the comedian's stand-up.


Poa

Borrowed from English Poa, from Hokkien 潘 (Phoaⁿ). Doublet of Pan and Poon.


mintis

Borrowed from Spanish mentís (“denial”).

failed; dud (said of firecrackers that did not explode, or some project that failed or missed out)


kilikiti

kilikitî (canonical)
ᜃᜒᜎᜒᜃᜒᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


serpentina

tl-noun

serpentina (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ)

ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


serpentina

ᜐᜒᜇ᜔ᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ (Baybayin)

(figurative) deceitful; fraudulent (of one's behavior)


gamot

From Proto-Philippine *ʀamut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀamut (“fibrous roots”). Compare Ilocano ramot, Pangasinan lamot, Kapampangan emut / yamut, and Cebuano gamot.


Pranses

Pransés (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


Pranses

tl-noun

Pransés (feminine Pransesa, Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔)

Pransés (canonical)
Pransesa (feminine)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Ang salitang “coup d'etat", halimbawa, dahil sa anyo at ispeling, ay malalaman ng nakapag-aral na Pilipino na ito'y hiram ng wikang Ingles sa wikang Pranses.

1994, Al O. Santiago, Sining ng pagsasaling-wika: sa Filipino mula sa Ingles, Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 113


gatong

From Proto-Philippine *gatuŋ. Compare Masbatenyo gatong, Hiligaynon gatong, and Maranao gatong.

fuel for fire (such as firewood, kerosene, charcoal, etc.)


depresyon

depresyón (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

depresyón (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[d̪ɛp.ɾɛˈʃon̪]

Borrowed from Spanish depresión, from Latin dēpressiō.

(weather, physics) depression (area of low air pressure)

(psychology) depression (severe sadness)

(economics) depression (period of major economic contraction)


gansa

Borrowed from Malay gangsa, variant of angsa (“goose”), from Sanskrit हंस (haṃsa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Compare Kapampangan galsa, Bikol Central gangsa, Waray-Waray gangsa, Tausug angsa', Malay angsa, Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa), Burmese ဟင်္သာ (hangsa), and Hindi हंस (hans). Some sources think it is from Spanish gansa (“female goose”), but this is rejected by Potet (2016) and Zorc (1982).


gansa

Borrowed from Malay gangsa (“bell-metal; bronze”), from Sanskrit कंस (kaṃsa). Compare Kankanaey gangsa, Tausug gangsa', Indonesian kangsa, Javanese ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa) and Balinese ᬕᬗ᭄ᬲ (gangsa).

bor+

Ifugao brass gong with convex side and forked stick as a handle


raket

[ˈɾaː.xɛt̪̚]

(sports) racket (in tennis, badminton, etc.)

Anu-anong mga raket ang natutuhan ng mga Pilipino sa mga Amerikano? 15. Ano raw ang pangunahing suliranin ng Pilipinas? ›I>~L.~-›l\››-I 2'Paglalagom / pag1ala'gum/ (from lagom /1a'gom/ 'summary') 'act of summarizing'.

1968, Jean Donald Bowen, Babasahing Panggitnang Baytang Sa Tagalog, Univ of California Press, page 182

At lahat ng limpak na tubo galing sa komersiyo ng laman, hango sa malakihang mga raket at kutsabahan, mula sa pawis ng mga singit at kilikili ng maraming babae, naipagpatayo ng bahay na iyon — sumampa, naipon, sumasampa at ...

1997, Ave Perez Jacob, Sibol Sa MGA Guho, de La Salle University

Ano raw ang nangyari? BING: May isang reliable source na nagsabi sa 'kin na balak siyang kidnapin ng mga tauhan ni Floresco, 'yung boss mo. Masyado raw nakikialam sa mga raket niya at madalas daw makita sa anti-government activities.

Ito rin ay nagkaroon ng epekto sa ugali ng ilang grupo ng Huk makaraan ang 1954 na naging yunit ng mga bandido at ginamit sa proteksiyon ng mga raket. 22 Edukasyon at Kamalayang Politikal Ipinagpatuloy ng mga lider Huk ang kanilang ...

1996, Renato Constantino, Ang bagong lumipas: 1940-1965, University of Philippines Press

(colloquial) part-time job; gig; informal job


raket

Borrowed from English rocket, from Italian rocchetta.

[ˈɾaː.xɛt̪̚]


sanga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋa. Compare Aklanon sanga, Bikol Central sanga, Cebuano sanga, Hiligaynon sanga, Maranao sanga, Tausug sanga, Tetum sanak, and Waray-Waray sangay.

(by extension) branch (of a bank, agency, business, etc.)


markes

Borrowed from Spanish marqués (“marquess”).


-era

tl-noun

-era (noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜇ)

basura (“trash”) + -era → basurera (“female garbage collector”)

tinda (“goods for sale”) + -era → tindera (“female vendor”)

inggit (“envy”) + -era → inggitera (“female envious person”)

pakialam (“concern”) + -era → pakialamera (“female meddler”)

female equivalent of -ero: forms female occupations and other agent nouns from nouns


ginggon

Borrowed from Spanish guingón, from guinga + -ón. Compare Malay genggang, French guingan, and Portuguese guingão.


gawgaw

Possibly from Chinese. Compare Bikol Central gawgaw, Hiligaynon gawgaw, and Waray-Waray gawgaw. See also Burmese ကော် (kau), and Chinese 膠／胶.

starch made from plants or palms (especially cornstarch, but also those of cassava, arrowroot, etc.)

Polynesian arrowroot
Polynesian arrowroot

Tacca leontopetaloides
Wikispecies:Tacca leontopetaloides

Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides)


hagad

[ˈhaː.ɣɐd̪̚]

pursuer; chaser (in order to catch or drive away someone or something)

object of one's pursuit (of people, animals, etc.)

(by extension) traffic police (usually on a motorcycle)

act of taking advantage of another (especially in getting a bigger share)

advantage of one over another (especially in getting a bigger share)


gisi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀisiq (“tear, split, cut”). Compare Bikol Central gisi, Cebuano gisi, and Hiligaynon gisi.

inh

ravel or slight run in something knitted


gisi

with ravels or slight runs (in something knitted)


habagat

[hɐˈbaː.ɣɐt̪̚]

From Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat (“southwest monsoon”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat (“east or south wind”). Compare Ivatan avayat, Ilocano abagat, Kapampangan abagat, Hiligaynon bagatnan, Kavalan balat, Malay barat, Maori āwhā, and Palauan ngebard.

Coordinate term: amihan


gulang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀudaŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀudaŋ. Compare gurang.


gawi

gawî (canonical)
gawì (canonical)
ᜄᜏᜒ (Baybayin)


gutom

From Proto-Central Philippine *ʀutəm (“hungry”). Compare Bikol Central gutom, Cebuano gutom, Hiligaynon gutom, and Waray-Waray gutom.


gutom

Gutom na ang aso.


gisa

Borrowed from Spanish guisar (“to stew”).


gisa

(figurative, colloquial) grilling (interrogation)


hagdanan

[hɐɡˈd̪aː.n̪ɐn̪]

(figurative) stepping stone; instrument for success; means for advancement


hagdanan

tl-verb

hagdanán (complete hinagdanan, progressive hinahagdanan, contemplative hahagdanan, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜄ᜔ᜇᜈᜈ᜔)

hagdanán (canonical)
hinagdanan (completive)
hinahagdanan (progressive)
hahagdanan (contemplative)
ᜑᜄ᜔ᜇᜈᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
hagdan (root)
hagdanan (infinitive)
hinagdanan (completive root)
hinahagdanan (progressive root)
inahagdanan (dialectal progressive root)
hahagdanan (contemplative objective)
ahagdanan (contemplative dialectal objective)
hagdani (dialectal imperative objective)

hagdanan

[hɐɡˈd̪aː.n̪ɐn̪]

to use a ladder in (climbing a tree, etc.)


ginhawa

tl-noun

ginhawa or ginhawà (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ)

ginhawa (canonical)
ginhawà (canonical)
ᜄᜒᜈ᜔ᜑᜏ (Baybayin)

[ɡɪn̪ˈhaː.wɐʔ]

From Proto-Central Philippine *ginhawa, from Proto-Greater Central Philippine *gi-nihawa (cf. Cebuano ginhawa (“breath”), Higaonon ganihawa (“life”), Mansaka ginawa (“breath”), Maranao ginawa (“breath”), Tausug nyawa (“soul”)), from Proto-Philippine *ʀi-nihawa (“breath”) (cf. Ilocano gin-awa (“relief; comfort”), Pangasinan linawa (“breath”), Kapampangan inaua (“breath; respiration”), Yami inawan (“breath”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nihawa (cf. Hawaiian manawa (“feelings; heart”), Javanese ꦚꦮ (nyawa, “life; soul”), Malay nyawa (“life; soul”), Maori manawa (“heart; breath”), Tokelauan manava (“belly; abdomen”)), from Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa (cf. Siraya xinawa (“breath”)).

cog

convenience; easiness (in doing or making something)

prosperity; abundance; freedom from want


ginhawa

[ɡɪn̪ˈhaː.wɐʔ]


grasya

Borrowed from Spanish gracia, from Latin grātia.


inhalador

inhaladór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜑᜎᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish inhalador, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/, most likely due to English influence (compare alkohol, behikulo, hedonismo, Hehoba, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon).


laso

oral or labial inflammation (especially among children)


equis

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish equis, the Spanish name of the letter X/x.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter X/x, in the Abecedario


eñe

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish eñe, the Spanish name of the letter Ñ/ñ.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ, in the Abecedario


efe

Borrowed from Spanish efe, the Spanish name of the letter F/f.

(historical) the name of the Latin-script letter F/f, in the Abecedario


sabi

Compare Bikol Central sabi and Kapampangan sabi. Some speculate that it is from Spanish sabe, the third-person singular present indicative of saber (“to know”).

ang pagsasabi ng tapat ay pagsasama ng maluwat


analitiko

analítikó (canonical)
ᜀᜈᜎᜒᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish analítico, from Ancient Greek ἀναλυτικός (analutikós).


bilbil

(anatomy, colloquial) love handle; excess fat on one's lower abdomen


kapas

Possibly from Malay kapas, ultimately from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”). Compare Hindi कपास (kapās).

Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum#Translingual

(botany) upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)


lampara

Borrowed from Spanish lámpara, from lámpada, from Late Latin lampăda, from Latin lampas.


karamelo

Borrowed from Spanish caramelo, from Portuguese caramelo, from Late Latin calamellus.


balina

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish barrena, from Mozarabic barrina, from Late Latin veruina (“long javelin”), from Latin veru (“javelin”). Doublet of barena.


lanting

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual

part of a plow to which the harness is attached


Pascua

Borrowed from Spanish Pascua, from pascua. As a surname, it is introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos .

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, mostly found in Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Cavite (usually among Ilocano migrants)


karbon

Borrowed from Spanish carbón, from Latin carbō, carbōnem. Doublet of karbono.


probinsiya

tl-noun

probínsiyá (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

probínsiyá (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish provincia, from Latin prōvincia.


paruka

Ultimately from Sanskrit पादुका (pādukā, “shoe”). Compare Malay paduka.


limi

reflection; serious thought; contemplation; meditation


limi

attention; careful observation; giving heed to someone important


puwede

Borrowed from Spanish puede, third-person present form of poder.

Puwede mo ba akong gawan ng pabor?

Puwede kitang itext mamaya kung may balita akong matanggap tungkol sa kaso.

I could text you later when I receive news about the case.

Ang pagpapadala rin ng mga larawan para sa paglalahok ay puwede.

Sending in photos for the contest is allowed.


tinidor

[t̪ɪ.n̪ɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tenedor, with all the ⟨e⟩ changed to ⟨i⟩ due to /e/-/i/ allophony.


hasa

From Proto-Philippine *hasaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hasaq, from Proto-Austronesian *Sasaq (“whet, sharpen”).

inh

(figurative) practice; training (for experience)


bughaw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)biʀaw. Cognate with Cebuano bughaw. See also Japanese 青(あお) (ao, “blue; blue green; green”).


Facebook

ᜉᜒᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Unadapted borrowing from English Facebook.


tetano

[ˌt̪ɛː.t̪ɐˈn̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish tétano, variant of tétanos, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos).


metodista

Borrowed from Spanish metodista. By surface analysis, metodo + -ista.


lumba-lumba

tl-noun

lumbá-lumbá (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ)

lumbá-lumbá (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ (Baybayin)

Possibly borrowed from Malay lumba-lumba, or analytically a reduplication of lumba.


kawali

Borrowed from Malay kuali, from Tamil குவளை (kuvaḷai, “wide-mouthed vessel; cup”).


oportunismo

tl-noun

oportunismo (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


kawsa

...nagsusumamong sumama sa kanilang kawsa. May mga bagay na magkatugma sa amin ang mga rebelde ngunit naniwala ako na may kinalaman sila sa pagkamatay ng aking pamilya kaya hindi ako sumama sa kanila.

2002, Victor Emmanuel Carmelo D. Nadera, Jun Cruz Reyes, Ang aklat likhaan ng tula at maikling kuwento, 1999

Ang papel niya sa Europeong Renasimyento ay bilang pinuno ng kontra-Repormasyon. Matiim ang kaniyang pag-sandig sa relihiyong Katoliko at sa imperyong Espanyol, dalawang kawsa na malimit niyang pag-isahin.

2003, Mga kuwento sa kasaysayan, Mga kuwento sa kasaysayan

cause; principle; aim (especially for unselfish ends)


yosi

Backslang formed from the initial and final syllables of sigarilyo (“cigarette”): si-ga-ril-yo → yo-si.

Nang minsang tensiyonado na 'ko sa pagtira dahil nauuwi na sa pustahan ang laro ay inabutan ako ni Arnel ng yosi. "Pang-alis lang 'to ng tensiyon." Konting hithit, konting buga. Parang gusto kong maubo pero tiniis ko lang. Dyahe pag nakita ...

2006, Carla M. Pacis, Eugene Y. Evasco, Bagets: an anthology of Filipino young adult fiction, University of the Philippines Press

Nagsindi kami ng yosi at nagbulungan habang hinihintay lumabas ang mga marinero at matorete sa ginawa namin sa kanilang kotse. Pinuri kaming lahat ni Manoling dahil sa bilis ng operasyon at naghambing kami nina Manoling at Toti ng ...


oportunista

oportunista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉᜓᜇ᜔ᜆᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


halay

(by extension) act of violating someone sexually; sexual violence


halimbawa

halimbawà (canonical)
ᜑᜎᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜏ (Baybayin)

Possibly related to bawa. Compare Bikol Central halimbawa, Cebuano halimbawa, Hiligaynon halimbawa, and Sambali alimbawa.


haligi

→ Spanish: harigue

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi. Compare Bikol Central harigi, Cebuano haligi, Dupaningan Agta adigi, Ilocano adigi, Mansaka arigi, Tetum riin, Wolio arii, and Yogad arigi. Doublet of sarili.

inh+

(figurative) outstanding figure (in an institution or movement)


bandila

Early borrowing from Spanish bandera (“flag; banner”), with the /e/ changing to /i/ due to /e ~ i/ allophony, /ɾ/ into /l/ common with early borrowings, and final glottal stop added. Doublet of bandera, a later borrowing.


katangahan

katangahán (canonical)
ᜃᜆᜅᜑᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


sasakyan

From a syncopic form of sasakayan, from sakay + -an with initial reduplication of sakay. Can also be analyzed as an initial reduplication of sakyan.

animal used for riding (such as a horse, camel, etc.)


sasakyan

kabayong sasakyan


kotse

Borrowed from Spanish coche (“car; coach; carriage”), from Middle French coche, from German Kutsche, from Hungarian kocsi.


maneho

Borrowed from Spanish manejo (“handling, driving”). The latter sense is from Latin American Spanish.

Hindi ganyan ang maneho.


dagos

act of making an effort to pull away or get loose from being tied or chained

act of rushing forward to pull a load (of an animal)

(colloquial) hurried and sudden departure in dissatisfaction or anger; sudden hurried movement towards something

sound of dragging something hurriedly along the floor or ground


Capistrano

tl-proper noun

Capistrano (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈᜓ)

ᜃᜉᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, in honor of St. John to Capestrano.


prutas

Borrowed from Spanish frutas (“fruits”), plural of fruta, from Latin frūcta.


sari-sari store

tl-noun

sarì-sarì store (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

sarì-sarì store (canonical)
ᜐᜇᜒᜐᜇᜒ ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ˌsaː.ɾɪʔ ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

[ˌsaː.ɾiː ˌsaː.ɾiː ʔɪsˈt̪oɾ]

Unadapted borrowing from English sari-sari store, itself from Tagalog sari-sari + English store, literally “variety store”. Used due to Tagalog-English code-switching (Taglish).

compound

Nagbukas si Tita Rhodora ng sari-sari store bilang negosyo, at pumatok ito dahil malayo ang supermarket sa mga nakatira dito.

Tita Rhodora opened a sari-sari store as a business, and this was well-received as the supermarket was distant from the community there.


hatak

(colloquial) exertion of one's effort (to complete something)


sirit

[ˈsiː.ɾɪt̪̚]

hissing or sizzling sound (as on a hot frying pan)

prolonged hissing sound from a jet or stream of liquid through a tiny passage (such as a nozzle, leaking pipe, etc.)


sirit

Clipping of English let's hear it, or possibly from share it.

[ˈsiː.ɾɪt̪̚]

Sirit na (ako)!

(colloquial) said when giving up trying to guess the answer, especially of a riddle or a question, often said with na


sosyal

Ang sosyal ng bagong selpon ni Lara.
Lara's new cellphone is so fancy.


sosyal

kunwari sosyal

(informal) upper class; extravagant person


sosyal

Sosyal, na-promote ka sa trabaho! Congrats!

Nice, you got promoted at work! Congratulations!

(informal) a verbal filler connoting achievement.


trabaho

Kadalasan ay nag-aaral sa kolehiyo ang kabataan ngayon upang makakuha ng magandang trabaho.

The youth nowadays often go to college in order to get a good job.


na-

used to form complete aspects of verbs prefixed with ma-


na-

(dialectal) used to form progressive aspects of verbs prefixed with um- or infixed with -um-


presbitero

tl-noun

presbitero or presbíteró (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ)

presbitero (canonical)
presbíteró (canonical)
ᜉ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜊᜒᜆᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish presbítero, from Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros).


seminarista

seminarista (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜈᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜐᜒᜋᜒᜈᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)

(Catholicism) seminarian; seminarist (student in a seminary)


bayanihan

mutual aid; cooperative endeavor (especially in a community project)


aling

(colloquial) term of address of an elder woman


aling

Melanolepis multiglandulosa (a species of plant)


ancha

anchá (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜐ (Baybayin)
LGBT (slang)

Possibly from clipping of English antagonize with /t/ changed to /t͡ʃ/.


empanada

Borrowed from Spanish empanada. Compare Manado Malay panada.

empanada (especially Philippine varieties)


Gilberto

ᜄᜒᜎ᜔ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)


pag-aaral

[pɐɡ.ʔɐˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

From pag- + aral, with initial reduplication.

Pagbutihin mo ang iyong pag-aaral, Kabataan.

Ang ginagawa sa klase ni Ma'am Pilar Martin ay isang intensibong pag-aaral ng Espanyol.

What is done in Ma'am Pilar Martin's class is an intensive studying of Spanish.


paaralan

From aral + pa- -an. Said to be coined by Eusebio T. Daluz in 1915, but has been used prior to 1915.

Papasok na ako sa paaralan, Nay.

Mg̃a sadyáng palakad sa pagtuturò.—Mg̃a libróng gamit.—Kasangkapan at mg̃a gamit sa páaralan.

1902, Philippines. Exposition Board, Ley no. 514 creando la junta de la exposición Carta circular del gobernador Taft, etc


paliparan

Paliparan ng mga lobo'

Paliparan ng mga ibon


paliparan

paliparán (canonical)
ᜉᜎᜒᜉᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Paliparan ang basurahan ng eroplanong de-papel.

Paliparan ng mga saranggola ang kalangitan.

(literally, “Heavens be sent some kites.”)


mag-aaral

[mɐɡ.ʔɐˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

[mɐɡ.ʔɐ.ʔɐˈɾal]

From mag- + aral, from an initial reduplication of aral.

Mag-aaral ang bata sa bahay.


mag-aaral

mag-aarál (canonical)
ᜋᜄ᜔ᜀᜀᜇᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐɡ.ʔɐˈʔaː.ɾɐl]

[mɐɡ.ʔɐ.ʔɐˈɾal]

Nasa bahay ang kuwaderno ng mag-aaral.


Tom Jones

tl-adj

Tom Jones (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔)

ᜆᜓᜋ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜓᜏ᜔ᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Pun on tomguts (backslang of gutom) and either Tommy Lee Jones or Tom Jones.

Pre, Tom Jones na 'ko.


aral

Possibly from Malay ajar, from Sanskrit आचार्य (ācārya, “teacher; master”). Compare Cuyunon adal, Masbatenyo adal, Masbate Sorsogon adal, Waray Sorsogon adal, Bikol Central adal, Ilocano adal, Asi aray.

der

Puno ng aral ang Bibliya.

moral lesson; moral teaching (especially from a story)


Gascon

Chito Gascon, chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights from 2016 to 2021

a surname from Spanish, most associated with:


rosas

rosas:


signos

tl-noun

signos or signós (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔)

signos (canonical)
signós (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish signos, plural of signo. Doublet of signo.

destiny; omen; fatal sign; presage of fate


patatas

Borrowed from Spanish patatas, plural form of patata, from Taíno batata.


kantin

Borrowed from English canteen, from French cantine, from Italian cantina. Doublet of kantina.


tito

tito (feminine tita, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜆᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish tito, from tío (“uncle”) + -ito (“diminutive suffix”), from Late Latin thius, from Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos).

(slang) adult man exhibiting the stereotypical characteristics of a Filipino uncle


tito

Borrowed from Hokkien 豬肚／猪肚 (ti-tǒ͘, “pig tripe”).


semento

Borrowed from Spanish cemento, from Latin caementum.

dental filling (especially those cement-like)


galos

From Proto-Philippine *garus, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *garus.

slight scratch; small cut (on the skin or similar surface)


gastos

Borrowed from Spanish gastos, plural of gasto.


desesperada

tl-adj

desesperada (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇ)

ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜇᜇ (Baybayin)


Dionisio

ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

a male given name from Spanish, feminine equivalent Dionisia, equivalent to English Dionysius or Dennis

a surname from Spanish, transferred from the given name


timba

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timba. Compare Ibaloi timba, Waray-Waray timba, and Javanese ꦠꦶꦩ꧀ꦧ (timba).

bucket; pail (especially one used to fetch water from an open well)

act of fetching water from an open well (using a bucket or pail)

(figurative) acquirement of big amount of money (from a small investment)


peninsulares

tl-noun

penínsuláres (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

penínsuláres (canonical)
ᜉᜒᜈᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜇᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Philippine Spanish peninsulares, plural of peninsular, referring to the Iberian Peninsula.

(historical) Spain-born Spaniard living in the Philippines (during the Spanish colonial period)


presas

Borrowed from Spanish fresas, plural of fresa (“strawberry”), from French fraise (“strawberry”), from earlier *fraige, from Latin frāga, plural of frāgum.


Ginang

Ginang (Gng.) Maria Dela Cruz

Ginang (Gng.) Dela Cruz

(formal) honorific used before the name of a married woman: Mrs.; ma'am


Biyernes Santo

tl-proper noun

Biyernes Santo (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ)

ᜊᜒᜌᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜒᜐ᜔ ᜐᜈ᜔ᜆᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish Viernes Santo (“Good Friday”).


Alemanya

[ʔɐ.lɛˈmaː.ɲɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish Alemania (“Germany”).

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Griyego

tl-noun

Griyego (feminine Griyega, Baybayin spelling ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜒᜄᜓ)


Bibliya

Borrowed from Spanish Biblia (“Bible”), from Latin Biblia, from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”).


Amerikano

Amerikano (feminine Amerikana, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋᜒᜇᜒᜃᜈᜓ)

Amerikana (feminine)
ᜀᜋᜒᜇᜒᜃᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish americano. By surface analysis, Amerika + -ano.

(archaic) American (native of the Americas)


Amerikano

American (pertaining to the United States)

(archaic) American (pertaining to the Americas)


Hapon

Borrowed from Spanish Japón (“Japan”), from Portuguese Japão, from either or both:
* Malay Jepun, from Hokkien 日本 (Ji̍t-pún), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, “sun origin”).
* Indonesian Malay Jepang, from Teochew 日本 (rig⁸ bung²), from Middle Chinese 日本 (ȵiɪt̚ puən^X, “sun origin”).
Doublet of Sapon.


Hapon

Dumating ang mga turistang Hapon ngayong hapon.

The Japanese tourists arrived this afternoon.