kudeta

Borrowed from English coup d'état, from French coup d’État.

ESTADOS UNlDOS, NABAHALA SA KUDETA Nabahala ang gobyernong Amerikano hinggil sa ulat na maglulunsad ang militar ng kudeta laban kay Pangulong Estrada sa gitna ng pagsisimula ng impeachment trial.

2005, Ding L. San Juan, Demokrasya at kudeta

... kumander ng BHB na si Dante. Welgang bayan sa buong bansa tungkol sa pagtataas ng presyo ng langis; welga ng mga manggagawa sa buong bansa para sa minimum na umento sa sahod. Pinakamadugong tangka ng kudeta laban kay ...

1994, Jose Maria Sison, Rebolusyong Pilipino: tanaw mula sa loob

Dagdag pa rito ang mga kudeta at oil crisis.

2017, Norbert Mercado, After The Summer Rain, Norbert Mercado Novels


bahay

Elision of /l/ from *balay, from Proto-Central Philippine *balay, from Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay. Cognate with Kapampangan bale, Asi bayay, Cebuano bay / balay, Hiligaynon balay, Mansaka baray, Tausug bāy, Malay balai, Maori whare, Hawaiian hale, Rukai balriw, Palauan bai, and Yami vahay.

Naghahanap sila ngayon ng mapagtatayuan ng magarang bahay.

They are now looking for a place on which to build an elegant house.

Bahay-pamahalaan ng Infanta, Quezon.
Infanta, Quezon administrative building.

(card games) card set; meld (in the tong-its game)

(board games) smaller holes of a congkak board


Bernardo

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Bernard

a surname from Spanish, notably of Bernardo Bernardo (1945–2018) and Kathryn Bernardo (1996–)


komunista

Borrowed from Spanish comunista (“communist”).


komunista

Ang Biyetnam at Kuba ay mga halimbawa ng mga lipunang komunista.

Vietnam and Cuba are examples of communist societies.

communist (advocating, supporting or relating to communism)


halak

raspy, gargling, or raucous sound of the voice due to catarrh or a cold


buro

Borrowed from Malay budu. Compare Cebuano buro, Hiligaynon buro, Ilocano buro, Kapampangan buru, and Indonesian budu.

pickling (with salt or brine, usually done with fish, meat, or shrimp with rice)

anything that lingers in one place or state


buro

a type of white worm that feeds on wounds, or lives in the intestines of humans or fish


buro

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English as a semantic loan from English bureau, influenced in spelling by Spanish buró. Compare Cebuano buro.


kabayo

Earlier (c. 16th-18th century) borrowing from Spanish caballo (then spelled as cavallo), from Late Latin caballus. Doublet of kabalyo. During time of borrowing, Spanish ⟨ll⟩ (/ʝ/) still corresponds to Tagalog /j/, as per yeísmo. Compare Cebuano kabayo and Ilocano kabalio.


ganto

Syncopic form of ganito. See more at ganito.


estandarte

tl-noun

estandarte (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜐ᜔ᜆᜈ᜔ᜇᜇ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɛs.t̪ɐn̪ˈd̪aɾ.t̪ɛ]


angis

repulsive odor of excreta or putrified food


humina

tl-verb

huminà (complete humina, progressive humihina, contemplative hihina, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ)

huminà (canonical)
humina (completive)
humihina (progressive)
hihina (contemplative)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (Baybayin)
-um- (affix)
ᜓᜋ᜔ (affix)
hina (root)
ᜑᜒᜈ (root)
actor (focus)
kahihina (completive formal past past-recent)
ᜃᜑᜒᜑᜒᜈ (completive formal past past-recent)
humina (formal imperative)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (formal imperative)
hina (dialectal formal imperative)
ᜑᜒᜈ (formal imperative)
kakahina (completive informal past past-recent)
ᜃᜃᜑᜒᜈ (completive informal past past-recent)
humina (imperative informal)
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜈ (imperative informal)
hina (dialectal imperative informal)
ᜑᜒᜈ (imperative informal)

tl-infl-table

humina

humihina
ᜑᜓᜋᜒᜑᜒᜈ
hungmihina¹
 ᜑᜓᜅ᜔ᜋᜒᜑᜒᜈ
nahina²
ᜈ ᜑᜒᜈ

¹Now archaic in Modern Tagalog.
²Dialectal use only.

to weaken (of power, body, blow, medicine, etc.)

to soften; to become low (of sound, voice, etc.)


tiis

endurance; bearing; toleration (of pain, hardship, etc.)


pulpito

Borrowed from Spanish púlpito, from Latin pulpitum.


Rusya

Borrowed from Spanish Rusia (“Russia”), from Medieval Latin Russia, from Russī (“Russians”), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ, “Varangians, inhabitants of Rus”).

der

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


akordeon

tl-noun

akordeón (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔)

akordeón (canonical)
ᜀᜃᜓᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜌᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish acordeón, from German Akkordeon.


GRO

⇒? English: girl rented overnight

[d͡ʒɪ ʔɐɾ ʔo]

From English GRO, an initialism of guest relation officer.

Sa ikatlong pagkikita'y ikwinento mo ang yong girlfriend, isang GRO sa club na nagmamay-ari rin nitong pinapasukan mo, isang sugapa't suicidal na naghahandang tumungo sa Japan. Kaya isinangla mo ang lahat ng iyong alahas na ginto, ...

1999, Roland B. Tolentino, Fastfood, Megamall at Iba Pang Kwento Sa Pagsasara Ng Ikalawang Milenyum

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

... malusog ngunit tila pinagtampuhan ng kariktan TEX, 55, laos na artista ngunit nag-iilusyong lover boy ng madlang kababaihan BRANDY, GINGER, 23-26, mga GRO rin MGA WEYTER MGA KUSTOMER (kung kinakailangan) Ang Tagpo: Sa ...

1997, Jose Y. Dalisay, Butihing babae ng Timog ; Mac Malicsi, TNT

... ang identifikasyon sa uring ito) ang may angas pa sa pagbebenta ng katawan sa mababang halaga o inaakalang mababang antas ng kondisyon ng paggawa ( parlor sa mga bakla, beer house sa mga GRO, mall bikini contest sa mga expat, ...

2006, Roland B. Tolentino, Sarah S. Raymundo, Kontra-gahum: academics against political killings

ang gaganda rin ng mga GRO, pamatay talaga, walang binatbat 'yang mga Pega -Pegasus na 'yan. Mestisa, ehinita, morena, mamili ka. Ipakikilala sana kita d'un sa naging bata ko, si Cherry, ka- mukha ni Aliee Dixson, pero matindi pala ang ...

1996, Jose Y. Dalisay, Pagsabog ng liwanag: Aninag, anino

... gamit ang tingin ng isang babaeng naghahanap ng makakasama sa madaling - araw, hanggang sa abutan na ng taksi ang maliwanag na Timog, ang mga mag -syotang papasok pa lang kung saan-saang bar, ang mga GRO na makapal pa ...

2002, Victor Emmanuel Carmelo D. Nadera, Ang aklat likhaan ng tula at maikling kuwento, 1999

... bakit sige pa rin sa pagbubuntis ang iskuwater para mabigyan si Mister ng anak na lalaki pagkatapos ng anim na anak na babae, kung bakit hindi naiiba ang mga GRO at kabit sa ilang mayamang Misis, kung bakit may rali, martsa, giyera.

2000, Marra PL. Lanot, Witch's dance: at iba pang tula sa Filipino at Español

(possibly dated, derogatory, offensive) a sex worker; a prostitute


Guerrero

Borrowed from Spanish, literally, “warrior”.


NG

tl-letter

NG (upper case, lower case ng, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒ)


NG

NG (upper case, lower case ng, Baybayin spelling ᜅ)


simbolismo

tl-noun

simbolismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜒᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


maldita

tl-adj

maldita (masculine maldito, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎ᜔ᜇᜒᜆ)

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.

2014, J. Corcinto, Teka, Wait...Di Ako Prepared, Arcenciel Publishing
Parang lahat na lang ng sinasabi niya na tatabunan nung malalalim na paghinga niya saka paghihikbi. Na imagine ko noon sa siguro maganda yung babae. Ang maldita din kasi nung matapobreng Mamma nung babae sa radyo! Oo. Mamma!


maldita

"Say hello to them, anak, say hello," ani Yvonne nang lumapit ang anak. "Ay walang dila." Ang bata ang inspirasyon niya sa buhay. “Nang ipanganak ko 'to'y na-meet ko si Bernal. Kaya ayan, spoiled. Maldita!"

1988, Ricardo Lee, Si tatang at mga himala ng ating panahon: koleksyon ng mga akda

"Say hello to them", Yvonne said to her daughter. "Oh, you're shy." Her child is her inspiration. "When I gave birth to her, I met Bernal. So, she's spoiled. Spoiled brat!"

Kung hapon, habang nagluluto si Inay, mangangalumbaba ako sa aming bintana't matatanaw ko si Mayet, ang malditang si Mayet, sa pag-aabang sa kanyang ama.

2007, Fanny A. Garcia, Sandaang damit: 16 na maikling kuwento, UP Press

If it's afternoon, while Mother cooks, I put my elbows on the window and I see Mayet, that spoiled brat, waiting for her father.


sinagoga

[sɪ.n̪ɐˈɣoː.ɣɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish sinagoga, from Late Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly”).


Pampango

Borrowed from Spanish pampango, from Pampanga.


Pampango

Kapampangan (a native or inhabitant of Pampanga)


komento

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English comment, from Late Latin commentum (“comment, interpretation”), from Latin commentum (“invention, fabrication”).


kait

act of denying someone someothing; act not giving something to someone


Nazaret

[n̪ɐ.zɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

[n̪ɐ.sɐˈɾɛt̪̚]

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Nazaret, from Latin Nazareth, from Ancient Greek Νᾱζᾰρέθ (Nāzaréth, “Nazareth”), from Aramaic נָצְרַת or Biblical Hebrew נָצְרַת (Nāzərát).

der

Aramaic נָצְרַת


antigo

[ʔɐn̪ˈt̪iː.ɣo]

Borrowed from Spanish antiguo, from Old Spanish antigo, from Latin antīquus.


baritono

tl-noun

baritono or barítonó (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ)

baritono (canonical)
barítonó (canonical)
ᜊᜇᜒᜆᜓᜈᜓ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish barítono, with stress shift to the penultimate.


kristal

kristál (canonical)
ᜃ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜆᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish cristal, from Old Spanish cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”).


tate

Alternative letter-case form of Tate (“slang: United States”)


abaya

abaya; aba (loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, specially worn by women)


tosino

Borrowed from Spanish tocino (“bacon”), from Medieval Latin tuccinum (lardum) (“bacon lard”), from Latin tuccētum (“pork conserved in brine”), from tucca (“liquid lard”).


bumerang

Borrowed from English boomerang, from Dharug bumariny.


tabak

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *tabak. Compare Bikol Central tabak.

cutlass; bolo (a Philippine style of machete)


senadora

[sɛ.n̪ɐˈd̪oː.ɾɐ]

female equivalent of senador: female senator


kalba

Borrowed from Spanish calva, feminine of calvo.

(uncommon) bald; bald-headed (of females)


entendido

tl-adj

entendido (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


surpresa

[sʊɾˈpɾɛː.sɐ]


utak

[ˈʔuː.t̪ɐk̚]

Most likely borrowed from Kapampangan utak (due to Proto-Philippine *ə becoming Tagalog *i, which would be *utik if inherited directly from Proto-Philippine), from Proto-Philippine *hutək (cf. Ibatan hotek, Ilocano utek, Pangasinan otek, Kapampangan utak, Bikol Central hutok, Cebuano utok, Tausug utuk), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hutək, *qutək (cf. Malay otak).

(figuratively) intellect; mental ability; intelligence; brains


kutsara

tl-noun

kutsara or kutsarà (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ)

kutsara (canonical)
kutsarà (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜆ᜔ᜐᜇ (Baybayin)

[kʊˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

[kʊˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐʔ]

[kʊt̪ˈsaː.ɾɐʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”), from cuchar, from Latin cochleārium.


lapok

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lapuk. Cognate with Malay lapuk.

inh+

decayed; rotten (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


lapok

tl-noun

lapók or lapok (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

lapók (canonical)
lapok (canonical)
ᜎᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

weakness due to decay (of wood, bamboo, cloth, textile, etc.)


Armenya

Borrowed from Spanish Armenia (“Armenia”), from Latin Armenia, from Ancient Greek Ἀρμενία (Armenía), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (Armina).

bor+

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Armenya

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]


Armenya

[ʔɐɾˈmɛː.ɲɐ]


tarakan

tl-verb

tarakan (complete tinarakan, progressive tinatarakan, contemplative tatarakan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜇᜃᜈ᜔)

tinarakan (completive)
tinatarakan (progressive)
tatarakan (contemplative)
ᜆᜇᜃᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tarak (root)
tarakan (infinitive)
tinarakan (completive root)
tinatarakan (progressive root)
inatarakan (dialectal progressive root)
tatarakan (contemplative objective)
atarakan (contemplative dialectal objective)
taraki (dialectal imperative objective)

tarakan

[t̪ɐˈɾaː.xɐn̪]

to stab someone and leave it embedded in the flesh (with a knife, dagger, etc.)

to mark with a stake (of a place, position, etc.)


tarakan

a species of dwarf coconut tree (as tall as a man)


kamo

Univerbation of 'ka mo, with 'ka from wika.


kamo

(now dialectal, Marinduque, in the plural) you


pampers

Genericized trademark from English Pampers, by Procter & Gamble (P&G), from English pamper.


diplomata

diplómatá (canonical)
ᜇᜒᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋᜆ (Baybayin)


sauli

[sɐˈʔuː.lɪʔ]

act of returning (of something borrowed or taken)

act of placing back (of something to its former state or position)


bandido

tl-noun

bandido (feminine bandida, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish bandido, from Italian bandito.


agata

[ˌʔaː.ɣɐˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish ágata (“agate”), from Latin achātēs, from Ancient Greek ἀχάτης (akhátēs), from a river in Sicily where it was found.


amol

dirt; filth (on face, hand, skin, or surfaces)


Libano

Borrowed from Spanish Líbano (“Lebanon”), from Latin Libanus, from Ancient Greek Λίβανος (Líbanos), from a Semitic source.

bor+

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


sara

closing; closure (of a door, window, etc.)

adjournment; closing (of a meeting, etc.)

object used to block entry into a place or to close a passage


talaan

tl-noun

táláan or talaán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

táláan (canonical)
talaán (canonical)
ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪aːˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


talaan

tl-verb

talaán (complete tinalaan, progressive tinatalaan, contemplative tatalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

talaán (canonical)
tinalaan (completive)
tinatalaan (progressive)
tatalaan (contemplative)
ᜆᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
tala (root)
talaan (infinitive)
tinalaan (completive root)
tinatalaan (progressive root)
inatalaan (dialectal progressive root)
tatalaan (contemplative objective)
atalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
talai (dialectal imperative objective)

talaan

[ˌt̪aːˈlaː.ʔɐn̪]


handa

From Proto-Central Philippine *haNdaʔ (“ready; to prepare for”).


handa

things to be prepared (for a trip, etc.)

food served during a party, feast, banquet, etc.


tange

(slang) stupid; foolish; ignorant; slow-witted


Perez

Borrowed from Spanish Pérez, patronymic surname from Pedro.
The municipality in Quezon is named after Felimón Pérez, a governor of Tayabas.

a common surname from Spanish: Perez, Pérez

Perez (a municipality in eastern Quezon, Philippines, on the northwestern tip of Alabat island)

A barangay of Trece Martires, Cavite, Philippines

A barangay of Calauan, Laguna, Philippines


panata

[pɐˈn̪aː.t̪ɐʔ]

Possibly from Sanskrit पणता (paṇatā, “state or condition of a pledge or stake”).


halas

light, itchy scratch (caused by sharp blades of grass)

hairy, powdery coverings on some grass that cause itchiness


ingreso

[ʔɪŋˈɡɾɛː.so]

Borrowed from Spanish ingreso, from Latin ingressus.

(colloquial) part or whole of the husband's salary given to the wife every payday


katalog

Borrowed from English catalog, variant of catalogue, from Middle English cathaloge, from Old French catalogue, from Latin catalogus, from Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos). Doublet of katalogo.


gunting

Igorot
Min Chinese
Otto Dempwolff
Tang dynasty

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese [Term?], according to Blust (2010–). Compare Bikol Central gunting, Cebuano gunting, Hiligaynon gunting, Laboya gutti, and Mansaka gonting and Tausug gunting.

Manuel (1948) also wondered about gunting if it is from Chinese or originally traces back to Proto-Austronesian, which Dr. Cecilio Lopez stoutly affirmed from Dempwolff's findings, although problems arose as the word is not found in the languages of the Igorot groups, which the only tenable conclusion was that gunting is not originally from Proto-Austronesian but instead from “Southeastern Chinese” (see Min Chinese languages, including Hokkien) which had a term for scissors from which most probably the original term was derived from.


litis

Borrowed from Spanish litis (“lawsuit”), from Latin lītis.


Atenas

[ʔɐˈt̪ɛː.n̪ɐs]

Borrowed from Spanish Atenas (“Athens”).


kasaba

Borrowed from English cassava, from Portuguese cassave, from Taíno *kasabi (“cassava flour”).


aktris

Borrowed from Spanish actriz, from Latin āctrīcem.


tirador

[t̪ɪ.ɾɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirador, or analytically tira + -dor.


onomatopeya

tl-noun

onomatopeya (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜆᜓᜉᜒᜌ)

Borrowed from Spanish onomatopeya, from Late Latin onomatopoeia, from Ancient Greek ὀνοματοποιία (onomatopoiía).

der

ὀνοματοποιία


konyo

Possibly from Spanish coño (“cunt; pussy”) or Spanish de nuevo cuño (“(of a person) who has recently entered a profession, union or social class.”). The sense referring to “coming from a wealthy family” is said to have come from high-class people who curse “Coño!” during the 1950s. Compare English conyo. See also English valley girl, Spanish fresa.

noncog

a person who belongs to a wealthy or well off predominantly English-speaking family

a wealthy predominantly Anglophone person, often raised or living in a subdivision village (gated community)

(archaic) a person who belongs to a wealthy predominantly Spanish-speaking family

(slightly offensive) a person who speaks in a pretentious manner such as code-mixing Tagalog and English in an unnatural manner or speaking with vocabulary more associated with the wealthy or privileged social class


konyo

predominantly Anglophone and seemingly wealthy


konyo

Expression of worry, failure, shock, displeasure, surprise, etc.: damn!


abrasador

abrasadór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜐᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɐ.sɐˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abrazador (“embracing”).


abonado

tl-adj

abonado (feminine abonada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜈᜇᜓ)

obliged to pay out money for someone else


absorbente

absorbente (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)


abridor

abridór (canonical)
ᜀᜊ᜔ᜇᜒᜇᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈd̪oɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish abridor. By surface analysis, abre + -dor.


abrigado

[ʔɐ.bɾɪˈɣaː.d̪o]

Borrowed from Spanish abrigado. By surface analysis, abrigo + -ado. Compare Cebuano abrigawo.


abnegado

abnegado (feminine abnegada, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜒᜄᜇᜓ)


abono

Borrowed from Spanish abono (“fertilizer; payment”).

bor+

disbursement; payment for another in advance


kalap

gathering; collecting (of objects for a purpose)


titis

(figurative) main or immediate cause of something devastating


titis

condition of dripping continuously (of sweat, candlewax, etc.)


Fukui

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 福井 (Fukui).


Ishikawa

Borrowed from Hepburn romaji of Japanese 石川 (Ishikawa).


lawa

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rawaq (“swamp; morass”). Cognate with Javanese ꦫꦮ (rawa), Indonesian, and Malay rawa / rawah (“marsh”).


lawa

(figurative) flooded; covered with water


lawa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq. Doublet of alalawa. Compare Bikol Central lawa, Butuanon lawa, and Waray-Waray lawa.


alap

selective cutting or harvesting (of grass, rice, corn, fruits, etc.)

act of scooping out the scum (on the liquid surface)


uutot

[ʔʊ.ʔʊˈt̪ot̪̚]


mililitro

tl-noun

mililitro (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ)

ᜋᜒᜎᜒᜎᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜓ (Baybayin)


hapin

twine used in stringig beads or flowers (as for a necklace)

fine string (used in toys like kites, tops, yoyos, etc.)


digas

polishing of rice grains by pounding (for the third and last time to remove the kernel and make milled white rice grain)


Lew

Borrowed from English Lew, from Hokkien 呂／吕 (Lū) and Mandarin 劉／刘 (Liú). Doublet of Lao, Liu, Lu, Lou, Loo, Luy, and Du.


hangin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin. Compare Cebuano hangin, Fijian cagi, Hiligaynon hangin, Malay angin, Maranao hangin, Nias angi, Kapampangan angin, Urak Lawoi' อาแงน (angän), and Yami angin.

(figurative) bragging; pomposity; conceit


baya

Borrowed from Spanish baya, from French baie, from Latin baca.


baya

Related to ubaya. Compare Cebuano baya, Malay bahaya, and Sanskrit भय (bhaya).


dekada

Borrowed from Spanish década, from Latin decās, from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás).

tatlong dekada

dekada(ng) otsenta

Sa kasamaang-palad, ipinagiba ito upang may mapagtayuan ng isang fast food outlet noong dekada nobenta.

2006, Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining, Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, page 72

Unfortunately, it was demolished to build in its stead a fast food outlet during the Nineties.

Ilang dekada na itong binubungkal ng mga magsasaka, at ipinaglalabang mapasakanila.

2015, Joi Barrios, Intermediate Tagalog: Learn to Speak Fluent Tagalog (Filipino), the National Language of the Philippines, page 185

Farmers have been tilling its soil for decades, and are fighting for its ownership.


awtor

Borrowed from Spanish autor, from Latin auctor.


udon

Borrowed from Japanese うどん. Doublet of udong.


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC. Cognate with Malay pahit (“bitter”), Tboli héét (“bitter”), Eastern Cham ꨜꨪꩀ (phik, “bitter”), Malagasy faitra (“bitterness”), Chamorro fa'et (“salty”).


taksan

Borrowed from Japanese 沢山(たくさん) (takusan).

(slang, dated) much; many; plenty of (usually reduplicated)


tantan

From Proto-Philippine *tantan (“slow down; immobilize; lose interest in doing something”). Compare Ilocano tantan (“unnecessary delay”), Pangasinan tantan (“slow down; calm down”), and Cebuano tantan (“pay debt partially”).

cog

cessation (as of someone's continuous chattering, etc.)


taan

taan (canonical)
taán (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back; to keep in reserve”). Possible doublet of tahan.


taan

taán (canonical)
taan (canonical)
ᜆᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˈt̪aː.ʔɐn̪]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqən, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap; to set a snare”). Compare Cebuano taon and Malay tahan.

a type of fish trap made of a barricade of stones and split bamboo (for catching fish in coral reefs)


plais

tl-noun

plais (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜌ᜔ᜐ᜔ or ᜉ᜔ᜎᜁᜐ᜔)

Borrowed from English pliers, but with an older spelling of diphthongs on loanwords.


kopra

Borrowed from Spanish copra, from Portuguese copra, from Malayalam കൊപ്ര (kopra), from Sanskrit कपालः (kapālaḥ, “skull”).


isisi

tl-verb

isisi (complete isinisi, progressive isinisisi, contemplative manlalait, 3rd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐᜒᜐᜒ)

isinisi (completive)
isinisisi (progressive)
manlalait (contemplative)
ᜁᜐᜒᜐᜒ (Baybayin)
sisi (root)
isisi (infinitive)
isinisi (completive root)
isinisisi (progressive root)
inasisi (dialectal progressive root)
isisisi (contemplative objective)
asisi (contemplative dialectal objective)
isisi (imperative objective)
sisian (dialectal imperative objective)

isisi

to blame; to put the blame on; to ascribe something bad to someone


landi

(dialectal, Southern Tagalog) toying with something; playing with things uselessly


uy

Uy, tingnan mo 'to!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of hoy: expression used to call the attention of somebody: hey!

hoy

Uy! 'Wag!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of hoy: expression used as a warning or as a protest: hey!

hoy

Uy! Kamusta?

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of oy: an informal greeting: hey!

Uy! Bago 'to ah!

(colloquial, informal) Alternative form of oy: an expression of surprise: hey!


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]

inutil na pinuno


inutil

[ʔɪˈn̪uː.t̪ɪl]


amapola

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual


sulake

Borrowed from Spanish zulaque (“lute; thick sticky clay or cement”), variant of azulaque, from Andalusian Arabic السُلَاقَة (as-sulāqa), from Ancient Greek συλλογή (sullogḗ, “collection”).


solipsismo

tl-noun

solipsismo (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜐᜓᜎᜒᜉ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


krema

Ang kremang Jean Valmy ay isang gamot para sa tagihawat.

1976, Sikolinggwistikang Pilipino: wika at lipunan, kaasalang pangwika, bilinggwalismo at suliranin sa pag-iisip at pagpapahayag, Kolehiyo ng Agham at Sining, page 519

The Jean Valmy cream is a medicine for acne.

(medicine) cream (as ointment or cosmetic)


Hawa

Borrowed from Arabic حَوَّاء (ḥawwāʔ), from Hebrew חַוָּה (ḥawwā). Doublet of Eba.


tulis

sharp end or point (of something tapering)

(figurative) sharpness; severity (of one's words or language)


agrimensor

agrimensór (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔)

agrimensór (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.ɡɾɪ.mɛn̪ˈsoɾ]

Borrowed from Spanish agrimensor (“surveyor”).


sungal

light push of the tongue against the teeth

tap or chuck; upward push of the hand (on the chin, mouth, or nose)

position of the upper teeth or lip being more prominent than the lower

moving, raising or pushing of a bit (as with a screwdriver)

(figurative) act of contradicting someone (usually in a reproachful manner with no valid reason)


sungal

having the upper teeth or lip more prominent than the lower


kurot

From Proto-Philippine *kəzut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəzut. Cognate with Bikol Central kudot, Cebuano kurot, and Maranao kedot.


lapot

From Proto-Philippine *lap(ə)qút (“thick, sticky, pasty”). Compare Aklanon eapot and Cebuano lap-ot.

inh

viscosity; viscidity; thickness of liquid


harot

(colloquial, by extension) flirtiness; coquettishness

abrupt changes in one's decisions or mind


lipot

first or advanced distant sight of one's arrival


saket

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


akuin

tl-verb

akuin (complete inako, progressive inaako, contemplative aakuin, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔)

inako (completive)
inaako (progressive)
aakuin (contemplative)
ᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
ako (root)
ᜀᜃᜓ (root)
aakuin (infinitive)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
inako (completive root)
ᜁᜈᜃᜓ (completive root)
inaako (progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜀᜃᜓ (progressive root)
inaako (dialectal progressive root)
aaakuin (contemplative objective)
ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
aaakuin (contemplative dialectal objective)
aakuin (imperative objective)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
ako (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜃᜓ (imperative objective)
aakua (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜀ (imperative objective)

akuin

aakuin
 ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔

aaakuin
ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔
aaakuin¹
 ᜀᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔

aakuin
 ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜁᜈ᜔
ako¹
ᜀᜃᜓ
aakua¹
ᜀᜀᜃᜓᜀ

[ʔɐˈxuː.ʔɪn̪]


kapit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kapit, from Proto-Austronesian *kapit.
Compare Bikol Central kapot and Malay kepit.

inh+

ang taong nagigipit, sa patalim kumakapit


sakuna

tl-noun

sakunâ or sakuná (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃᜓᜈ)

sakunâ (canonical)
sakuná (canonical)
ᜐᜃᜓᜈ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Sanskrit शकुन (śakuna, “bird of omen”); cf. Hindi शगुन (śagun, “omen”).


sulit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sulit (“difficult, complicated”).

inh

Ang sulit naman ng pagkain!

(colloquial) worth the money; reasonably priced; cost-effective (of a product or service)

(colloquial, by extension) worthwhile (of one's time spent, opportunities, etc.)

regained; having one's capital in an investment


sulit

remittance of money (by a bill collector)

regain of capital (in business, gambling, etc.)

(colloquial) cost-effectiveness; bang for the buck


sulit

already recovered (of one's capital investment)


lapit

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapət (“to place in contact with one another, come in contact, space closely”) or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rapət (“to join together, attach tightly”). Compare Indonesian rapat (“close; tight”), Javanese ꦫꦥꦼꦠ꧀ (rapet, “tightly closed; close; next to”), Malagasy rafitra (“carpenter's work, masonry”).

cog

seeking of help (by approaching someone)


kalit

creaking sound (made by old or defective furniture such as beds, tables, or chairs)


salamat

Borrowed from Malay selamat (“safety”), or from Classical Persian سَلَامَت (salāmat, “good health”), from Arabic سَلَامَة (salāma). Compare Aklanon saeamat.


asignatura

tl-noun

asignatura (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜆᜓᜇ)

[ʔɐ.sɪɡ.n̪ɐˈt̪uː.ɾɐ]


-ng

-ng-

for compound with preceding stem ending in a vowel.

-m-

for compound with initial stem ending in vowel

-g-

for compound with preceding stem ending with letter

Magandang bulaklak

Enclitic suffix, connecting adjectives to nouns and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).

Bigla siyang nagsalita.

Enclitic suffix, connecting adverbs to verbs and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).


-ng

tl-proper noun

-ng (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜅ᜔)

Pepeng

Isang

Diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives of given names ending in vowels, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.


atasan

tl-verb

atasan (complete inatasan, progressive inaatasan, contemplative aatasan, 2nd object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜆᜐᜈ᜔)

inatasan (completive)
inaatasan (progressive)
aatasan (contemplative)
ᜀᜆᜐᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
atas (root)
atasan (infinitive)
inatasan (completive root)
inaatasan (progressive root)
inaatasan (dialectal progressive root)
aatasan (contemplative objective)
aatasan (contemplative dialectal objective)
atasi (dialectal imperative objective)

atasan

[ʔɐˈt̪aː.sɐn̪]


aboli

Borrowed from Spanish abolir, from Latin abolēre.


orkestra

tl-noun

orkestra or órkestrá (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ)

orkestra (canonical)
órkestrá (canonical)
ᜂᜇ᜔ᜃᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

[ʔoɾˈkɛs.t̪ɾɐ]

Borrowed from English orchestra, from Latin orchēstra, from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρᾱ (orkhḗstrā). Doublet of orkesta.


eto

Alternative form of heto: here! here it is!


determinismo

determinismo (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜇᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜋᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


kanal

Borrowed from Spanish canal (“canal”), from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝 (qanûm, “reed”).


kanal

(figurative, colloquial) vulgar; indecent


kaba

From Proto-Philippine *kəbá (“for the chest to tighten in excitement or fear; for the heart to pound”). Compare Ilocano kebba, Kankanaey keba, Bikol Central kaba, Cebuano kuba, and Hiligaynon kuba.

inh

palpitation due to excitement or fear; nervousness


empleada

female equivalent of empleado (“employee”)


santan

Borrowed from Malay santan, from Old Javanese santĕn (“coconut milk”), from Sanskrit सार (sāra, “essence”).

thick coconut syrup; cooked mixture of coconut milk and molasses or sugar


tirada

[t̪ɪˈɾaː.d̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish tirada. Compare Cebuano tirada.

act or manner of hitting a ball with the cue

(colloquial) uncalled-for statement or utterance; insult; slander; tirade


buurin

tl-verb

buurín (complete binuod, progressive binubuod, contemplative bubuurin, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜓᜂᜇᜒᜈ᜔)

buurín (canonical)
binuod (completive)
binubuod (progressive)
bubuurin (contemplative)
ᜊᜓᜂᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
buod (root)
magbuod (infinitive root trigger-actor)
nagbuod (completive root trigger-actor)
nagbubuod (progressive trigger-actor)
nagabuod (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
magbubuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
magabuod (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
gabuod (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kabubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagbubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapagbuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapagbuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
buorin (infinitive root trigger-object)
binuod (completive root trigger-object)
binubuod (progressive trigger-object)
inabuod (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
bubuorin (contemplative trigger-object)
abuorin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagbuoran (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagbuoran (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagbubuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagbubuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipagbuod (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinagbuod (benefactive completive root)
ipinapagbuod (benefactive progressive)
ipapagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
ipambuod (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinambuod (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapambuod (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapambuod (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapagbuod (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbuod (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagbuoran (infinitive root trigger-referential)
pinagbuoran (completive root trigger-referential)
pinapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
pinagbubuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
papagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
pagbubuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
magpabuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpabuod (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapabuod (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapabuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapabubuod (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapabuod (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
papagbuorin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapagbuod (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapagbuod (actor-secondary progressive)
papapagbuorin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinabuod (completive trigger-object)
ipinabubuod (progressive trigger-object)
ipinapabuod (progressive trigger-object)
ipabubuod (contemplative trigger-object)
ipapabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpabuod (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpabuod (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapabuod (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapabuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpabuod (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpabuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpabuoran (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapabubuoran (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpabuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapabubuoran (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpabuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagbuoran (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagbuoran (infinitive trigger-referential)
pinapagbuoran (completive trigger-referential)
pinapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
papapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
makapagbuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagbuod (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagbuod (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagbuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
mabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
nabuod (completive trigger-object)
nabubuod (progressive trigger-object)
mabubuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagbuod (benefactive infinitive)
naipagbuod (benefactive completive)
naipagbubuod (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagbuod (benefactive progressive)
naiipagbuod (benefactive progressive)
maipagbubuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagbuod (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagbuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagbuod (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikapapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipagbuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipagbuod (completive trigger-causative)
naipagbubuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naipapagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiipagbuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maipagbubuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maipapagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiipagbuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagbuodan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagbuodan (completive trigger-locative)
napagbubuodan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagbuodan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagbubuodan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagbuodan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpabuod (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapagbuod (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapagbuod (actor-secondary completive)
napapapagbuod (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapagbuod (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipabuod (infinitive trigger-object)
naipabuod (completive trigger-object)
naipabubuod (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapabuod (progressive trigger-object)
naiipabuod (progressive trigger-object)
maipabubuod (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipabuod (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpabuod (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpabuod (benefactive completive)
naipagpapabuod (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpabuod (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapabuod (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpabuod (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpabuod (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpabuod (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapabuod (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpabuod (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapabuod (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpabuod (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpabuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpabuoran (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapabubuoran (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpabuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapabubuoran (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpabuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuoran (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagbuoran (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagbuoran (infinitive trigger-referential)
napapagbuoran (completive trigger-referential)
napapapagbuoran (progressive trigger-referential)
mapapapagbuoran (contemplative trigger-referential)
makipagbuod (direct infinitive)
nakipagbuod (completive direct)
nakikipagbuod (direct progressive)
makikipagbuod (contemplative direct)
makibuod (direct infinitive)
nakibuod (completive direct)
nakikibuod (direct progressive)
makikibuod (contemplative direct)
makipagpabuod (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpabuod (completive indirect)
nakikipagpabuod (indirect progressive)
makikipagpabuod (contemplative indirect)

[bʊ.ʔʊˈɾin̪]


bitin

a kind of game where participants grab hung prizes from a square trellis

(figurative, colloquial) inadequacy of something leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


bitin

awkwardly short (of clothes, fabric, etc.)

inadequate, leaving one dissatisfied (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)

dissatisfied due to inadequacy (of food, storyline, fun, etc.)


pluralismo

tl-noun

pluralismo (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜇᜎᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


Marcos

a surname from Spanish, the 250th most common surname in the Philippines

Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, or his family


ateneo

[ʔɐ.t̪ɛˈn̪ɛː.o]

Borrowed from Spanish ateneo, from Latin Athēnaeum, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓θήναιον (Athḗnaion).


abaka

→ Galician: abacá

→ Malay: abaka

→ Portuguese: abacá

desctree

→ Spanish: abacá
→ English: abaca
→ Norwegian Bokmål: abaca

Borrowed from Arabic أَبَق (ʔabaq, “abaca”), from Classical Syriac ܐܳܦܰܩܬܳܐ (ʾāpaqtā), ܐܰܦܩܰܥܬܳܐ (ʾap̄qaʿtā, “de-seeded cotton”). According to Potet (2013), Muslim marine merchants imposed their term on their suppliers so that native terms died out in the Philippines.

bor+

Si Pedro ay gumamit ng abaka sa pagtali ng kahoy.

Pedro used abaca to tie the wood together.


Anson

Borrowed from Spanish Anson, from Hokkien 俺孫／俺孙 (án-sun, “grandson”).

a male given name from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry

a surname from Hokkien common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


arnis

Borrowed from Spanish arnés (“harness”), from French harnais.


awto

Borrowed from Spanish auto, short for automóvil.


tangos

sharpness of the nose; prominence of the nose


kababayan

From ka- + bayan, with reduplication of the first syllable of the root.

fellow resident of the same town or province

mga kababayan


wani

wani (canonical)
waní (canonical)
ᜏᜈᜒ (Baybayin)


Noe

Borrowed from Spanish Noé, from Latin Nōē, from Ancient Greek Νῶε (Nôe), from Biblical Hebrew נֹחַ (Nōaḥ).

(rare) a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Noah


sastre

tl-noun

sastré or sastre (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ)

sastré (canonical)
sastre (canonical)
ᜐᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish sastre (“tailor”).


Clemente

ᜃ᜔ᜎᜒᜋᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish, from Latin Clēmentem.

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Clement

a surname, transferred use of the given name


kompanya

kompanyá (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋ᜔ᜉᜈ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish compañía, from Old Spanish compaña, from Late Latin *compānia, from Late Latin compāniō.


musim

Borrowed from Malay musim, from Arabic مَوْسِم (mawsim).


lambat

Borrowed from Brunei Malay rambat (“cast net”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀambat. Compare Bikol Central lambat (“net”), Masbatenyo lambat (“net”), Aklanon eambat (“net”), and Cebuano gambat (“latticework”).

bor+

catching with a net (of fish, birds, etc.)


sibi

temporary shed attached to the roof or side of a house

small addition to a house by extending the roof and providing it with light walling


sibi

act of pouting or pursing the lips (as of a baby about to cry)


asbesto

Borrowed from Spanish asbesto (“asbestos”), from Latin asbestos, from Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος (ásbestos, “incombustible”).


adamantino

tl-adj

adamantino (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜋᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜈᜓ)

Borrowed from Spanish adamantino, from Latin adamantinus, from Ancient Greek ἀδαμάντινος (adamántinos). Doublet of diyamantino.


minero

[mɪˈn̪ɛː.ɾo]

Borrowed from Spanish minero. Analyzed as mina + -ero.


rayos

Borrowed from Spanish rayos, plural of rayo.


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese ꦧꦼꦝꦶꦭ꧀ (bedhil, “Java arquebus”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “explosion”). Compare Bikol Central badil, Masbatenyo badil, Northern Catanduanes Bicolano badil.


naman

Tulungan mo naman ako.

Pupunta si Miguel sa eskwela. Si Mark naman ay pupunta sa opisina.

Miguel is going to school. On the other hand, Mark is heading to the office.

Okay, ako naman!

Sana Vietnam naman ang manalo sa Miss Universe. Lagi na lang Pilipinas, eh.

I wish Vietnam would win this time in Miss Universe. It's always been the Philippines.

particle used to express the turn of somebody or something

Sabi nila may pera daw sa lamesa, eh wala naman!

They told me there's money on the table but there really was none!

Wala ka namang sinabi na pupunta ka, ah?

But you really didn't tell me you were coming!

Maganda siya, pero tamad naman.

Mali 'yung sagot mo sa number 5. — Hindi ah! Tama naman, ah!

Your answer in number 5 is incorrect. — No way! It's correct, mind you!

Wala naman akong kasalanan, ah!

Sasama ka ba sa amin? — Oo naman!

Sabihin mo na sa akin ang sekreto mo. Wala namang makakaalam na iba, eh.

Tell me that secret of yours already. Nobody else is really going to know.

particle used to give additional information so the other person will be finally convinced of what you've said or asked

Ang tanga naman niyun!

Sana mamatay na 'yang gagong 'yan! — Huwag naman!

I wish that jerk would die! — Oh, not at all!

Grabe naman 'yung nangyaring lindol sa Japan!

How outrageous was the earthquake that happened in Japan!

Kawawa naman 'yung mga namatay sa bagyong Yolanda!

How pitiful are the victims of typhoon Yolanda!

particle used in exclamatory sentences to add more emotion


naman

Ang ganda talaga ng Pilipinas. — Naman!

Philippines is really beautiful. — Of course!


apostol

tl-noun

apostól or apostol (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔)

apostól (canonical)
apostol (canonical)
ᜀᜉᜓᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish apóstol, from Late Latin apostolus, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos, “messenger, one sent forth”).


romero

Borrowed from Spanish romero (“rosemary”).


Cabo Verde

tl-proper noun

Cabo Verde (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜊᜓ ᜊᜒᜇ᜔ᜇᜒ)

Borrowed from Spanish Cabo Verde (literally “green cape”).

bor+

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


apostata

Borrowed from Spanish apóstata, from Late Latin apostata, from Ancient Greek ἀποστάτης (apostátēs).


kakto

Borrowed from Spanish cacto (“cactus”), Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”).


basalto

Borrowed from Spanish basalto, from Latin basaltes, a misspelling of basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”) b-x:n-O39.


matrikula

matríkulá (canonical)
ᜋᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜃᜓᜎ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish matrícula, from Late Latin mātrīcula, from Latin mātrīx.


tuga

confession; admission (of one's guilt or crime)

revelation of the truth; telling the truth

condition of being right, proper, or true


bistek

Borrowed from Spanish bistec, from English beefsteak.


paraan

[pɐ.ɾɐˈʔan̪]

Humanap ka ng paraan para maayos ito.


salaan

tl-verb

salaan (complete sinalaan, progressive sinasalaan, contemplative sasalaan, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜎᜀᜈ᜔)

sinalaan (completive)
sinasalaan (progressive)
sasalaan (contemplative)
ᜐᜎᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
sala (root)
salaan (infinitive)
sinalaan (completive root)
sinasalaan (progressive root)
inasalaan (dialectal progressive root)
sasalaan (contemplative objective)
asalaan (contemplative dialectal objective)
salai (dialectal imperative objective)

salaan

to build an irrigation dam in (a certain place)


pondo

Borrowed from Spanish fondo, from Latin fundus. Compare Cebuano pundo. Doublet of pundo.


yari

Borrowed from Malay jadi (“to become”), from Sanskrit जाति (jāti, “birth”). Doublet of dati, hati, and Henesis. See also ari.

root of words meaning "event" or "occurrence", such as mangyari or pangyayari

root of words meaning "power", such as kapangyarihan


yari

act or manner of making or manufacturing something

Mayroon siyang ngipin na yari sa ginto.

He has a golden tooth. (lit. He has a tooth made of gold.)

completion or finishing of something being done, made, or manufactured

(colloquial) meeting one's downfall or getting what one deserves


yari

Yari ka.


yari

Yari na ang mga damit.

Yari na ba ang palabas?


yari

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a-di (“that, there”), from Proto-Austronesian *-di. Cognate with Balangao yadi (“that”), Mansaka yadi (“this”), and Malagasy ary (“there, yonder”).


lawlaw

Borrowed from Hokkien 落落 (làu-làu, “loose”), according to Manuel (1948), or possibly a reduplication of Hokkien 老 (lāu, “old”) according to Chan-Yap (1980). However, Zorc (1985) disagrees and offers a more native etymon. Compare Cebuano lawlaw and Kapampangan lolo.

bor+

dangling; sagging; hanging down; hanging loose


lawlaw

condition of dangling, hanging down, or being too long

portion dangling, hanging down, or being too long


lawlaw

stirred up making it dirty (of water or liquid)


lawlaw

act of stirring playfully with one's hands or feet (of water or another liquid)


lawlaw

Compare Ilocano lawlaw, Cebuano lawlaw, Waray-Waray lawlaw.

a species of sardine or herring (of family Clupeidae)


bibe

Borrowed from Malay bebek. Compare Rukai bibi and Saisiyat bibi꞉.


lanta

From Southern Luzon axis *lanta (“wilted”). Compare Kapampangan lanta and Bikol Central lanta. See also Batad Ifugao langta (“greenness”).

mga lantang gulay

withered; faded (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


lanta

condition of being withered (of leaves, flowers, vegetables, etc.)


sam-

Alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with ⟨b⟩ or ⟨p⟩


onomastika

tl-noun

onomástiká (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ)

onomástiká (canonical)
ᜂᜈᜓᜋᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜃ (Baybayin)


baklain

tl-verb

baklaín (complete binakla, progressive binabakla, contemplative babaklain, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔)

baklaín (canonical)
binakla (completive)
binabakla (progressive)
babaklain (contemplative)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
-in (affix)
ᜒᜈ᜔ (affix)
bakla (root)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (root)
baklain (infinitive)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (infinitive)
binakla (completive root)
ᜊᜒᜈᜃ᜔ᜎ (completive root)
binabakla (progressive root)
ᜊᜒᜈᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (progressive root)
inabakla (dialectal progressive root)
ᜁᜈᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (progressive root)
babaklain (contemplative objective)
ᜊᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
abaklain (contemplative dialectal objective)
ᜀᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (contemplative objective)
baklain (imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔ (imperative objective)
bakla (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ (imperative objective)
baklaa (dialectal imperative objective)
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜀ (imperative objective)

tl-infl-in

baklain

baklain

baklain
 ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔

babaklain
ᜊᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔
abaklain¹
 ᜀᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔

baklain
 ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜁᜈ᜔
bakla¹
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎ
baklaa¹
ᜊᜃ᜔ᜎᜀ

to interact with someone in an effeminate or homosexual manner


anga

open-mouthed; mouth agape (as if manifesting ignorance)


pingpong

Borrowed from English ping pong, a genericized trademark of onomatopoeic origin. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng).


parahin

tl-verb

parahin (complete pinara, progressive pinapara, contemplative paparahin, 1st object trigger, Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇᜑᜒᜈ᜔)

pinara (completive)
pinapara (progressive)
paparahin (contemplative)
ᜉᜇᜑᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
para (root)
pumara (infinitive root trigger-actor)
pumara (completive root trigger-actor)
pumapara (progressive trigger-actor)
napara (dialectal progressive trigger-actor)
papara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapara (contemplative dialectal trigger-actor)
kapapara (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
parahin (infinitive root trigger-object)
pinara (completive root trigger-object)
pinapara (progressive trigger-object)
inapara (dialectal progressive trigger-object)
paparahin (contemplative trigger-object)
aparahin (contemplative dialectal trigger-object)
pagparahan (infinitive root trigger-locative)
pinagparahan (completive root trigger-locative)
pinapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pinagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
pagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
ipara (benefactive infinitive root)
ipinara (benefactive completive root)
ipinapara (benefactive progressive)
ipapara (benefactive contemplative)
ipampara (infinitive root trigger-instrument)
ipinampara (completive root trigger-instrument)
ipinapampara (progressive trigger-instrument)
ipapampara (contemplative trigger-instrument)
ikapara (infinitive root trigger-causative)
ikinapara (completive root trigger-causative)
ikinapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapara (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
ipara (emphatic infinitive rare root trigger-causative)
ipinara (completive emphatic rare root trigger-causative)
ipinapara (emphatic progressive rare trigger-causative)
ipapara (contemplative emphatic rare trigger-causative)
ipara (infinitive root trigger-measurement)
ipinara (completive root trigger-measurement)
ipinapara (progressive trigger-measurement)
ipapara (contemplative trigger-measurement)
magpapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nagpapara (completive trigger-actor)
nagpapapara (progressive trigger-actor)
magpapapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
kapapapara (completive formal past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kapagpapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
kakapapara (completive past past-recent trigger-actor)
paparahin (actor-secondary infinitive)
pinapara (actor-secondary completive)
pinapapara (actor-secondary progressive)
papaparahin (actor-secondary contemplative)
ipapara (infinitive trigger-object)
ipinapara (completive trigger-object)
ipinapapara (progressive trigger-object)
ipapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
ipagpapara (benefactive infinitive)
ipinagpapara (benefactive completive)
ipinagpapapara (benefactive formal progressive)
ipinapagpapara (benefactive progressive)
ipagpapapara (benefactive contemplative formal)
ipapagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
ikapagpapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapara (completive trigger-causative)
ikinapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
ikinakapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
ikapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
ikakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
pagpaparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinagpaparahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinagpapapaparahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
pinapagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
pagpapapaparahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
papagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
papagparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
pinapagparahan (completive trigger-locative)
pinapapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
papapagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapara (completive trigger-actor)
nakapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapara (progressive trigger-actor)
makapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
napapara (completive trigger-actor)
napapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
napapapara (progressive trigger-actor)
mapapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
mapapapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapara (infinitive trigger-object)
napara (completive trigger-object)
napapara (progressive trigger-object)
mapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maipara (benefactive infinitive)
naipara (benefactive completive)
naipapara (benefactive progressive)
maipapara (benefactive contemplative)
maikapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapara (completive trigger-causative)
naikapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naikapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
naikakapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
naiikapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
maipara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naipara (completive trigger-causative)
naipapara (progressive trigger-causative)
maipapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagparaan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagparaan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpaparaan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagparaan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpaparaan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagparaan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makapagpapara (infinitive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapara (completive trigger-actor)
nakapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-actor)
nakakapagpapara (progressive trigger-actor)
makapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-actor)
makakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-actor)
mapapara (actor-secondary infinitive)
napapara (actor-secondary completive)
napapapara (actor-secondary formal progressive)
napapapara (actor-secondary progressive)
mapapapara (actor-secondary contemplative formal)
mapapapara (actor-secondary contemplative)
maipapara (infinitive trigger-object)
naipapara (completive trigger-object)
naipapapara (formal progressive trigger-object)
naipapapara (progressive trigger-object)
naiipapara (progressive trigger-object)
maipapapara (contemplative formal trigger-object)
maipapapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maiipapara (contemplative trigger-object)
maipagpapara (benefactive infinitive)
naipagpapara (benefactive completive)
naipagpapapara (benefactive formal progressive)
naipapagpapara (benefactive progressive)
naiipagpapara (benefactive progressive)
maipagpapapara (benefactive contemplative formal)
maipapagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
maiipagpapara (benefactive contemplative)
maikapagpapara (infinitive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapara (completive trigger-causative)
naikapagpapapara (formal progressive trigger-causative)
naikakapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
naiikapagpapara (progressive trigger-causative)
maikapagpapapara (contemplative formal trigger-causative)
maikakapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
maiikapagpapara (contemplative trigger-causative)
mapagpaparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napagpaparahan (completive trigger-locative)
napagpapapaparahan (formal progressive trigger-locative)
napapagpaparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapagpapapaparahan (contemplative formal trigger-locative)
mapapagpaparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
mapapagparahan (infinitive trigger-locative)
napapagparahan (completive trigger-locative)
napapapagparahan (progressive trigger-locative)
mapapapagparahan (contemplative trigger-locative)
makipara (direct infinitive)
nakipara (completive direct)
nakikipara (direct progressive)
makikipara (contemplative direct)
makipagpapara (indirect infinitive)
nakipagpapara (completive indirect)
nakikipagpapara (indirect progressive)
makikipagpapara (contemplative indirect)

to stop a vehicle by raising or waving one's hand


akta

Borrowed from Spanish acta, from Latin ācta (“register of events”), plural of āctum. Doublet of akto.

Pinagtibay ang akta ng nakaraang pulong.

The minutes of the past meeting were approved.

record; minutes (the official notes kept during a meeting)


astigmatismo

tl-noun

astigmatismo (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ)

ᜀᜐ᜔ᜆᜒᜄ᜔ᜋᜆᜒᜐ᜔ᜋᜓ (Baybayin)

(optics) astigmatism (defect of a lens such that it doesn’t have a focal point)

(ophthalmology, pathology) astigmatism (inability of the eye to focus)


kanyon

Lillium philippinense
Wikispecies:Lillium philippinense

Benguet lily, an endangered species of lily, found in the mountains of Benguet (Lillium philippinense)


talanga

[t̪ɐˈlaː.ŋɐʔ]


golondrina

golondrina (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ)

ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜇ᜔ᜇᜒᜈ (Baybayin)


kupal

The word has been existing and even used as an insult since the 17th century. The colloquial etymology that the word is backslang of pa-cool, from pa- + English cool, literally “trying to be cool” may be false.

pre

Kupal ka; ang sama ng ginagawa mong paninira sa kapatid mo.

You ass; that's cruel of you to slander your brother.

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole (mean or rude person)


kupal

(colloquial, derogatory) asshole; bitch; prick


kupal

Kupal naman o, hanggang baywang na ang tubig-baha!

Oh crap, the floodwaters are waist-high!


adulterante

tl-noun

adulterante (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜀᜇᜓᜎ᜔ᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐ.d̪ʊl.t̪ɛˈɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


Francisca

tl-proper noun

Francisca (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ)

ᜉ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜐ᜔ᜃ (Baybayin)


Mateo

Borrowed from Spanish Mateo, from Latin Matthaeus, from Ancient Greek Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos), from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū, literally “gift of the Lord”).

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Matthew


samuray

[sɐ.mʊˈɾaɪ̯]

Borrowed from Japanese 侍(さむらい) (samurai).


piyano

Borrowed from Spanish piano (“piano”), from Italian piano, from Latin plānus.


Gregorio

ᜄ᜔ᜇᜒᜄᜓᜇ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ɡɾɛˈɣoɾ.jo]


Basilio

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Basil


amin

Ito ang aming bahay.


amin

Ang aklat na ito ay amin.


amin

admittance or confession of something secret (such as one's mistakes or faults)


Leonor

a female given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Eleanor


echos

[ˈʔɛː.t͡ʃos]

Borrowed from Spanish hechos, plural of hecho (“making; action; work”), from Latin factum. Doublet of petsa.


alboroto

tantrum; restless agitation; restless fuss (especially of babies)

baby or child given to such tantrums or restless fuss


maamo

tl-adj

maamò (plural maaamo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜋᜓ)

maamò (canonical)
maaamo (plural)
ᜋᜀᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


parati

[pɐˈɾaː.t̪ɪ]


kumusta ka na

tl-head

kumustá ka na (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜃ ᜈ)

kumustá ka na (canonical)
ᜃᜓᜋᜓᜐ᜔ᜆ ᜃ ᜈ (Baybayin)


lapat

properly closed (of a door, window, etc.)


lapat

tightness or properness of closing (of a door, window, etc.)

condition of being well-fitted (as of a joint in carpentry)

condition of being close enough to be touching each other


lapat

thin, fine strips of bamboo, rattan, or wood (used to tie down fencing, arbors, etc. or to make fish corrals or sawali)

stripping of bamboo, rattan, or wood into thin pieces


asete

[ʔɐˈsɛː.t̪ɛ]


kandi

Borrowed from Malay kendi, from Sanskrit कुण्डी (kuṇḍī). Compare Javanese ꦏꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦶ (kendhi).


kandi

state of being in heat or feeling of mating call


lako

Borrowed from Malay laku (“marketable”).

peddling; selling of merchandise from place to place


lako

(anatomy) part of the arm opposite the elbow


sensibilidad

tl-noun

sensibilidád (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔)

sensibilidád (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜊᜒᜎᜒᜇᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)


trapo

Contraction of English traditional politician.


respetable

tl-adj

respetable (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ)

ᜇᜒᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜆᜊ᜔ᜎᜒ (Baybayin)


himno

Borrowed from Spanish himno, but with the silent ⟨h⟩ pronounced as /h/ due to English influence (compare alkohol, hedonismo, Hispanismo, Hinduismo, homiliya, nihilismo, rehabilitasyon) or by pronouncing the Spanish unadapted borrowing with Tagalog orthography rules. Attested since the 1980's.

(common) Alternative form of imno: hymn; anthem


hilata

lying down on one's back (lazily or in abandon)


optimista

tl-noun

optimista (Baybayin spelling ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ)

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


optimista

ᜂᜉ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜒᜐ᜔ᜆ (Baybayin)


Delfin

Borrowed from Spanish Delfín, from delfín, from Latin delphīnus.


kontra

bakuna kontra tigdas


kalayaan

Friedrich Schiller
José Rizal
Marcelo H. del Pilar
William Tell (play)

From laya + ka- -an. Used by Marcelo H. del Pilar in 1882 (originally as kalayahan) as an equivalent for Spanish libertad (“liberty”) in his Tagalog translation of José Rizal's El Amor Patrio. The word was then used in 1886 by Rizal for his search for an equivalent for German Freiheit (“freedom; freehood”) while translating Friedrich Schiller's drama, William Tell. Later adopted by the Katipunan to articulate their separatist ideology against the Spanish Empire.

Ipinaglaban ng mga Katipunero ang ating kalayaan mula sa mga Kastilang sumakop sa bansa.

The Katipuneros fought for our freedom from the Spaniards who conquered (our) land.

Dumating ang bakasyong tag-init, at galak na galak ang bulilit na si Yan-Yan sa natamo nitong kalayaan mula sa paaralan.

Summer vacation came, and little Yan-Yan was overjoyed for finally earning freedom from school.


Claudio

Borrowed from Spanish Claudio, from Latin Claudius.

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Claude

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:

Tomas Claudio, the first Filipino soldier to die at war overseas


amaranto

Borrowed from Spanish amaranto, from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos).


maskara

Borrowed from Spanish máscara, from Italian maschera, from Late Latin mascara.

the cut of meat and skin from the face of a pig


Sandoval

Sandovál (canonical)
ᜐᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜊᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)


internado

internado (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜇ᜔ᜈᜇᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.t̪ɛɾˈn̪aː.d̪o]


hupa

lessening; abating (as of a storm or typhoon)


organdi

[ʔoɾ.ɡɐn̪ˈd̪i]

Borrowed from Spanish organdí (“organdy”).


dilaw

From Proto-Philippine *dilaw (“turmeric; yellow”). Compare Ilocano duyaw, Pangasinan duyaw, Kapampangan dilo, Aklanon dueaw, and Cebuano dulaw.


dilaw

→ Ambala Ayta: dilaw

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual


makinis

tl-adj

makinis (plural makikinis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜈᜒᜐ᜔)


magaspang

magaspáng (canonical)
ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜉᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)


masama

masamâ (plural masasama, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋ)

masamâ (canonical)
masasama (plural)
ᜋᜐᜋ (Baybayin)


masama

tl-verb

masama (complete nasama, progressive nasasama, contemplative masasama, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜋ)

nasama (completive)
nasasama (progressive)
masasama (contemplative)
ᜋᜐᜋ (Baybayin)

From ma- + sama (“joining; inclusion; combining”).

prefix

to happen or accidentally be included in something


luntian

tl-adj

luntian or luntián (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔)

luntian (canonical)
luntián (canonical)
ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


luntian

[lʊn̪ˈt̪iː.ʔɐn̪]


matalino

matalino (plural matatalino, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜎᜒᜈᜓ)


matangkad

matangkád (plural matatangkad, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔)

matangkád (canonical)
matatangkad (plural)
ᜋᜆᜅ᜔ᜃᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

tall and slender; awkwardly long and thin


matapang

matapang (plural matatapang, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜉᜅ᜔)

strong (having an offensive or intense odor or flavor)

strong (having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient)


masarap

masaráp (plural masasarap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔)

masaráp (canonical)
masasarap (plural)
ᜋᜐᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)


malawak

malawak (plural malalawak, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜏᜃ᜔)


mahirap

mahirap (plural mahihirap, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔)

mahihirap (plural)
ᜋᜑᜒᜇᜉ᜔ (Baybayin)
mahirap (positive singular)
mahihirap (plural positive)
hirap (positive root)
mas mahirap (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mahihirap (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mahirap (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mahihirap (comparative inferior plural)
kasinghirap (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamahirap (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamahihirap (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamahirap (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamahihirap (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkahirap (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkahirap-hirap (absolute equal plural superlative)

Mahirap ang exam.

Mahirap lang kami.


pangit

[ˈpaː.ŋɪt̪̚]

[ˈpaː.ŋɛt̪̚]

bad; not good (material or abstract quality)


maliit

maliít (plural maliliit, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔)

maliít (canonical)
maliliit (plural)
ᜋᜎᜒᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐˈliː.ʔɪt̪̚]


payapa

Ficus drupacea
Wikispecies:Ficus drupacea


matamis

matamís (plural matatamis, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔)

matamís (canonical)
matatamis (plural)
ᜋᜆᜋᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


malaki

malakí (plural malalaki, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜃᜒ)

malakí (canonical)
malalaki (plural)
ᜋᜎᜃᜒ (Baybayin)
malaki (positive singular)
malalaki (plural positive)
laki (positive root)
mas malaki (comparative positive singular superior)
mas malalaki (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong malaki (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong malalaki (comparative inferior plural)
kasinlaki (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamalaki (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamalalaki (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamalaki (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamalalaki (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkalaki (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkalaki-laki (absolute equal plural superlative)


asul

Borrowed from Spanish azul, from Arabic لَازُوَرْد (lāzuward, “lapis lazuli”), from Persian لاجورد (lâjvard, “lapis lazuli”). Compare English azure.


mayaman

tl-adj

mayaman (plural mayayaman, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜌᜋᜈ᜔)


masaya

masayá (plural masasaya, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜌ)

masayá (canonical)
masasaya (plural)
ᜋᜐᜌ (Baybayin)


mapait

mapaít (plural mapapait, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔)

mapaít (canonical)
mapapait (plural)
ᜋᜉᜁᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mapait (positive singular)
mapapait (plural positive)
pait (positive root)
mas mapait (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mapapait (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mapait (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mapapait (comparative inferior plural)
kasiait (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamapait (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamapapait (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamapait (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamapapait (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkapait (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkapait-pait (absolute equal plural superlative)


kulang

Borrowed from Malay kurang. Compare Ilocano kurang, Bikol Central kulang, Cebuano kuwang, and Maranao korang.


kulang

condition of being lacking, incomplete, or insufficient


bantog

[bɐn̪ˈt̪oɡ̚]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bantug.

famous; popular; well-known; illustrious


sarado

Borrowed from Spanish cerrado (“closed”).

bor+

stuffed or stopped up (of one's nose, pipes, etc.)


ganti

From Proto-Philippine *ganti, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ganti.


maganda

tl-adj

magandá (plural magaganda, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

magandá (canonical)
magaganda (plural)
ᜋᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)
maganda (positive singular)
magaganda (plural positive)
ganda (positive root)
mas maganda (comparative positive singular superior)
mas magaganda (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong maganda (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magaganda (comparative inferior plural)
kasingganda (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamaganda (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamagaganda (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamaganda (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamagaganda (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkaganda (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkaganda-ganda (absolute equal plural superlative)

Magandang gabi.


bastos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos, plural of basto.


baliw

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baliw (“return”), from Proto-Austronesian *baliw (“return”). Compare Bikol Central baliw, Cebuano baliw, and Maranao baloy. Doublet of ibayo.


berde

Borrowed from Spanish verde (“green”). Compare Kapampangan berdi.


matalbog

matalbóg (canonical)
ᜋᜆᜎ᜔ᜊᜓᜄ᜔ (Baybayin)


matayog

matayog (plural matatayog, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜌᜓᜄ᜔)


masigla

masiglá (plural masisigla, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ)

masiglá (canonical)
masisigla (plural)
ᜋᜐᜒᜄ᜔ᜎ (Baybayin)


masayahin

From masaya (“happy”) + -hin, literally “prone to being happy”.


mapagbigay

tl-adj

mapagbigáy (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔)

mapagbigáy (canonical)
ᜋᜉᜄ᜔ᜊᜒᜄᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[mɐ.pɐɡ.bɪˈɣaɪ̯]


umaapaw

[ʔʊ.mɐˈʔaː.paʊ̯]

From um- + apaw, with initial reduplication of apaw.


nakaumbok

nakaumbók (canonical)
ᜈᜃᜂᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)


batugan

[bɐˈt̪uː.ɣɐn̪]


maparaan

maparaán (plural mapaparaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔)

maparaán (canonical)
mapaparaan (plural)
ᜋᜉᜇᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + paraan, literally “full of means/ways”.


disente

[d̪ɪˈsɛn̪.t̪ɛ]


mabagyo

tl-adj

mabagyó (plural mababagyo, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ)

mabagyó (canonical)
mababagyo (plural)
ᜋᜊᜄ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
mabagyo (positive singular)
mababagyo (plural positive)
bagyo (positive root)
mas mabagyo (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababagyo (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabagyo (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababagyo (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbagyo (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabagyo (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababagyo (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabagyo (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababagyo (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabagyo (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabagyo-bagyo (absolute equal plural superlative)

stormy; frequented by typhoons (of a place)


maalalahanin

maalalahanín (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔)

maalalahanín (canonical)
ᜋᜀᜎᜎᜑᜈᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)


magastos

magastos (plural magagastos, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜐ᜔ᜆᜓᜐ᜔)


madilim

madilím (plural madidilim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔)

madilím (canonical)
madidilim (plural)
ᜋᜇᜒᜎᜒᜋ᜔ (Baybayin)
madilim (positive singular)
madidilim (plural positive)
dilim (positive root)
mas madilim (comparative positive singular superior)
mas madidilim (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong madilim (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong madidilim (comparative inferior plural)
kasindilim (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamadilim (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamadidilim (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamadilim (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamadidilim (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkadilim (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkadilim-dilim (absolute equal plural superlative)


malambot

malambót (canonical)
ᜋᜎᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + lambot. The second sense comes from the phrase malambot na katawan. Cognate of Kapampangan malambut.

... kaya nagkakaroon ng nominal na kapangyarihan ang baklang guests na baklain din o gawing malambot ang nagtatanghal na heterosexual na dancer. Hinahayaan ng macho dancer na itampok ang feminine attribute na "malambot ang katawan" para sa kagalingan sa pagsayaw, na siya rin namang designasyon sa mga effeminate na bakla...

2004, Rolando B. Tolentino, Lalaking pin-up, GRO, at macho dancer

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


marupok

marupók (plural marurupok, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔)

marupók (canonical)
marurupok (plural)
ᜋᜇᜓᜉᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

From ma- + dupok (“(of wood) to rot or become weak”). The 3rd sense is often explained as being a derivative of pokpok (“lewd, skanky”).

prefix

(colloquial, of a person) frail; easily seduced


mabango

tl-adj

mabangó (plural mababango, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜅᜓ)

mabangó (canonical)
mababango (plural)
ᜋᜊᜅᜓ (Baybayin)
mabango (positive singular)
mababango (plural positive)
bango (positive root)
mas mabango (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mababango (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabango (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mababango (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbango (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabango (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamababango (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabango (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamababango (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabango (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabango-bango (absolute equal plural superlative)


makitid

makitid (plural makikitid, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜒᜆᜒᜇ᜔)


marami

marami (plural mararami, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜋᜒ)

mararami (plural)
ᜋᜇᜋᜒ (Baybayin)
marami (positive singular)
mararami (plural positive)
dami (positive root)
mas marami (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mararami (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong marami (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mararami (comparative inferior plural)
kasindami (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamarami (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamararami (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamarami (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamararami (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkarami (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkarami-rami (absolute equal plural superlative)


magaan

magaán or magaan (plural magagaan, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔)

magaán (canonical)
magaan (canonical)
magagaan (plural)
ᜋᜄᜀᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)
magaan (positive singular)
magagaan (plural positive)
gaan (positive root)
mas magaan (comparative positive singular superior)
mas magagaan (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong magaan (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong magagaan (comparative inferior plural)
kasinggaan (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamagaan (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamagagaan (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamagaan (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamagagaan (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkagaan (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkagaan-gaan (absolute equal plural superlative)

[mɐ.ɣɐˈʔan̪]

[mɐˈɣaː.ʔɐn̪]


maasim

maasim (plural maaasim, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜀᜐᜒᜋ᜔)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-qaləsəm (“sour”). By surface analysis, ma- + asim. Compare Aklanon maaslom, Asi maaslom, Bikol Central maalsom, Cebuano maaslom, Malay masam, Urak Lawoi' มาซับ (masap), and Waray-Waray maaslom.


mabigat

mabigát (plural mabibigat, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔)

mabigát (canonical)
mabibigat (plural)
ᜋᜊᜒᜄᜆ᜔ (Baybayin)
mabigat (positive singular)
mabibigat (plural positive)
bigat (positive root)
mas mabigat (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabibigat (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mabigat (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabibigat (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbigat (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamabigat (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabibigat (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamabigat (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabibigat (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkabigat (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkabigat-bigat (absolute equal plural superlative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat, or analyzed as ma- + bigat.

Sabay-sabay nilang itinulak ang mabigat na dyip nang 'di na ito makatakbo.

They pushed the heavy jeepney together when it could no longer start up.

Mabigat ang krisis ng gutom sa mahihirap na sektor ng bansa.

The hunger crisis is heavy onto the poorest sectors of the country

Mabigat ang porsiyento ng mga exam sa klaseng ito kumpara sa mga proyekto.

The percentage of the exam has more weight as against the projects.

Nasasabaw ako sa mabibigat na mga teoriya ni Marx.

I can't understand fully Marx's profound theories.

formidable; hard to accomplish or tackle


marikit

From ma- + dikit. Potet (2016) surmises the radiant sense to be influenced by Sanskrit मरीचि (marīci, “ray of light”).


matigas

matigás (plural matitigas, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔)

matigás (canonical)
matitigas (plural)
ᜋᜆᜒᜄᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)təʀas (cf. Binukid mategas, Gaddang mateggat, Malagasy mateza). By surface analysis, ma- + tigas.


matibay

matibay (plural matitibay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜆᜒᜊᜌ᜔)


mababaw

mababaw (plural mabababaw, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔)

mabababaw (plural)
ᜋᜊᜊᜏ᜔ (Baybayin)
mababaw (positive singular)
mabababaw (plural positive)
babaw (positive root)
mas mababaw (comparative positive singular superior)
mas mabababaw (comparative plural positive superior)
hindi gaanong mababaw (comparative inferior singular)
hindi gaanong mabababaw (comparative inferior plural)
kasimbabaw (comparative equal plural singular)
ang pinakamababaw (positive relative singular superlative)
ang pinakamabababaw (plural positive relative superlative)
napakamababaw (absolute inferior singular superlative)
napakamabababaw (absolute inferior plural superlative)
pagkababaw (absolute equal singular superlative)
pagkababaw-babaw (absolute equal plural superlative)

trifling; frivolous; shallow; superficial


inaantok

inaantók (canonical)
ᜁᜈᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]

From in- + antok, with initial reduplication of antok.


inaantok

[ʔɪ.n̪ɐ.ʔɐn̪ˈt̪ok̚]


maliwanag

maliwanag (plural maliliwanag, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜒᜏᜈᜄ᜔)

Maliwanag ba?


matiyaga

[mɐ.t͡ʃɐˈɣaʔ]


matino

sensible; judicious; decent; sane; unbroken


nerbiyoso

nerbiyoso (feminine nerbiyosa, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ)

nerbiyosa (feminine)
ᜈᜒᜇ᜔ᜊᜒᜌᜓᜐᜓ (Baybayin)


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


diretso

[d̪ɪˈɾɛː.t͡ʃo]


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]


unat

[ˈʔuː.n̪ɐt̪̚]

act of stretching or straightening (one's arms, legs, body, etc.)

act of pressing something to make it flat or even (such as wrinkled clothes)

(colloquial) act of giving a blow or strike (to someone)


malumbay

malumbáy (plural malulumbay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

malumbáy (canonical)
malulumbay (plural)
ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


malumbay

tl-verb

malumbáy (complete nalumbay, progressive nalulumbay, contemplative malulumbay, Baybayin spelling ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔)

malumbáy (canonical)
nalumbay (completive)
nalulumbay (progressive)
malulumbay (contemplative)
ᜋᜎᜓᜋ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)


tamad

From Proto-Philippine *tamád. Compare Cuyunon tamad and Cebuano tamad. See also Ilocano tamlag.


tatsulok

tatsulók (canonical)
ᜆᜆ᜔ᜐᜓᜎᜓᜃ᜔ (Baybayin)

Blend of tatlo (“three”) + sulok (“corner”), coined in the 20th century.

blend

1938, Institute of National Language (Philippines), Publications, Volume 4, Issues 2-27

Marami ang nakakasal noon nang hindi man lamang nagkakapahayagan ng mga nilalaman ng dalawang puso, subali't lubhang marami noon ang masasabi nating masasayang tahanan na hindi nakaalam ng tatsulok ng pagibig .


tatsulok

three-cornered; involving three persons, factions, parts, etc.


upod

made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


upod

condition of being already made blunt, worn-out, and shorter due to friction or constant use (of the end of elongated tools)


upod

wearing out or becoming worn-out at the business end (of a sole of a shoe, point of a pencil, etc.)


makapal

Makapal ang tela ng damit kaya mainit ang pakiramdam kapag isinuot ito.

The shirt's fabric is thick hence wearing it feels hot.


salbahe

Borrowed from Spanish salvaje (“wild; savage”).

bor+

(by extension) notoriously cunning or abusive


salbahe

(by extension) person who is notoriously cunning or abusive


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


malapit

Malapit na magsimula ang inyong pinakahinihintay na programa.

Your most awaited program is soon to start.


malapit

Humanap ka ng kaibigang malapit sayo.


sapat

condition of being sufficient or adequate


Tanaka

Borrowed from Japanese 田(た)中(なか) (tanaka).

a Filipino-Japanese surname from Japanese


pikon

Borrowed from Spanish picón (“lampoon; abusive writing; ridicule; mockery”), from pica + -ón.

cranky; touchy; oversensitive; irritated; easily piqued or angered (by jokes); unable to take a joke


pikon

Possibly related to Hokkien 被告 (pǐ-kò, “accused”).

siege or encirclement for capturing enemies, escapees, etc.


kaunti

[kɐ.ʔʊn̪ˈt̪iʔ]

Kaunting tao lang ang dumating.

Kaunti lang ang kinain ko.


higante

Borrowed from Spanish gigante (“giant”). Displaced tayarak.

Malapit nang maubos ang mga higante.

2002, Komunikasyon 3' 2002 Ed., Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 174

Tinawag ni Ben ang iba pang mga higante sa kagubatan. Nang magdatingan ang mga ito, tinulungan nila si Rufo hanggang maiahon nila ito sa kumunoy.

2005, Sigay 6' 2005 Ed.(wika at Pagbasa), Rex Bookstore, Inc., page 289

Ben called the other giants from the forest. When they came, they helped Rulfo until they brought him out of the quicksand.


higante

Hindi kaya ginamit ang higanteng gagamba sa pelikula?

2005, Brenda V. Fajardo, Ang inukit na kaalamang bayan ng Paete, page 103


atomismo

Borrowed from Spanish atomismo, stylized as atomo + -ismo.


suwapang

Possibly Chinese, according to Zorc (1993) & Santos (1978). Compare Cebuano swapang (“oppressively opportunistic”) and Hokkien 山崩地裂 (soaⁿ-pang-tōe-li̍h, “uproarious; riotous; outrageous”, literally “the mountains collapse and the earth splits open”).


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Kapampangan abala, Pangasinan abala, and Casiguran Dumagat Agta abala. Zorc (1979) posits the senses “busy; preoccupied” were borrowed from Pangasinan abala, from Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”) with semantic shift.

Ang matagal na problema ng trapik sa mga kalsada ay isang matinding abala sa mamamayan.

The long-time problem of road traffic is a heavy burden to people.

(colloquial) act of borrowing from someone


abala

Wala akong oras dahil abala ako sa pangangalaga sa lolo ko.

I've no time because I'm busy taking care of my grandfather.

absorbed; obsessed; engrossed; preoccupied

Abala naman ang pinagagawa mo sa akin.

What you're asking me to do is troublesome.


klase

Borrowed from Spanish clase (“class”), from Latin classis.

klaseng manggagawa

(taxonomy) grouping below phylum and above kingdom

class
grouping below phylum and above kingdom


bukas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bu(ŋ)kas, from Proto-Austronesian *bukas (“to release; to undo”).


bukas

(by extension) turning on or powering on a machine


bukas

Compare Ivatan mavekas (“morning”), Botolan Sambal bayomboka (“morning”), Sambali boklah / boklas (“morning”) and Kapampangan bukas (“tomorrow”).


lapi

thing attached or fastened to another (especially as a reinforcement or support)

joining of a group (such as a political party, association or organization)


Eugenio

tl-proper noun

Eugenio (Baybayin spelling ᜌᜓᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ or ᜁᜏ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ)

ᜌᜓᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)
ᜁᜏ᜔ᜑᜒᜈ᜔ᜌᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔeʊ̯ˈhɛː.ɲo]

a male given name from Spanish, equivalent to English Eugene

a surname from Spanish, notably borne by:


GG

[ˈd͡ʒiː.d͡ʒɪ]

(colloquial) Short for galunggong (“shortfin scad”).


instruktor

tl-noun

instruktór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

instruktór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜆ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪s.t̪ɾʊkˈt̪oɾ]


mayonesa

Borrowed from Spanish mayonesa (“mayonnaise”), from French mayonnaise.


Bikol

Borrowed from Spanish Bicol, from either Bikol Central bikolbikol (“a tree species”) or biko (“bent; twisted”). See more at Bikol Central Bikol.


ino

calling of attention to a defect or mistake


margarin

márgarín (canonical)
ᜋᜇ᜔ᜄᜇᜒᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaɾ.ɡɐˈɾin̪]

Borrowed from English margarine, from French margarine (“margarin”), from acide margarique (“margaric acid”), from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs, “pearl”). Doublet of margarina.


Ekwador

Borrowed from Spanish Ecuador (“Ecuador”).


basista

Pseudo-Hispanism, derived from English bassist, influenced by Spanish -ista. Doublet of bahista.


traysikel

tl-noun

tráysikél (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔)

tráysikél (canonical)
ᜆ᜔ᜇᜌ᜔ᜐᜒᜃᜒᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌt̪ɾaɪ̯.sɪˈxɛl]

Borrowed from English tricycle. Doublet of trisiklo.

motorized tricycle (a type of motorized vehicle from the Philippines consisting of a motorcycle attached to a passenger cab)


karo

Borrowed from Spanish carro, from Latin carrus. Doublet of kar.

carriage used to carry an image of a saint in a procession


sardinas

Borrowed from Spanish sardinas, plural form of sardina, from Latin sardina, from Ancient Greek σαρδίνη (sardínē). The figurative sense is from the analogy of a fully packed vehicle likened to a can of sardines.


sardinas

Parang sardinas ang bus papuntang Cubao.

(literally, “The bus heading to Cubao is like sardines.”)

packed like sardines
packed like sardines

(figurative) packed like sardines; filled to full capacity (of vehicles)


polbo

Borrowed from Spanish polvo. Doublet of pulbos.

any kind of fine particles like powder or dust


sutil

refractory; not yielding to treatment (of an illness)


tistis

act of sawing, cutting, trimming, or paring longitudinally or along the grain (of lumber)

act of removing fibers from cloth, strips of palm, etc.


momo

From apparent reduplication of the first syllable of multo.


delas

Borrowed from Spanish delas, from de las. Its use as a contraction of de las in Spanish-origin surnames originated during the American colonial era, possibly by influence of Italian della and delle.

particle found in Spanish-derived surnames when originally spelled with de las, such as delas Alas (from earlier de las Alas)


inspektor

inspektór (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔)

inspektór (canonical)
ᜁᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜉᜒᜃ᜔ᜆᜓᜇ᜔ (Baybayin)

inspector (person employed to inspect something)

(law enforcement) inspector (police officer ranking below superintendent)


imos

cape; headland; promontory land in between the tributary of two rivers


kalang

From Spanish calar (“to pierce with a sharp instrument”).


ligat

[ˈliː.ɣɐt̪̚]

delicious consistency (esp. of cooked rice, tubers, etc.)


termos

Borrowed from English thermos, a genericized trademark from the company, Thermos LLC.


karmin

Borrowed from Spanish carmín, from French carmin.


marites

tl-noun

márités or marités (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

márités (canonical)
marités (canonical)
ᜋᜇᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ˌmaː.ɾɪˈt̪ɛs]

By folk etymology, from Mare, ito ang latest (literally “Sis, here's the latest”), but actually after Marites, the eponymous character in TikTok videos by content creator Justine Luzares in 2020. The senses “buzz; gossip” emerged by 2021.

Pagkalipas ng anim na buwan, dumarating sa punto na nagkasakit tayo noong bata pa, pagkatapos ay sasabihin ng mga Marites sa tabi “ Hindi pa kasi nabibinyagan 'yang batang 'yan, baka nilulukob na ng demonyo.”

2021, Crey Bonifacio, Tagpi: Mga Aral Na Mula Sa Walang Kwentang Karanasan

After six months, we get to the point we get sick when we were young, then the gossipers at the corner will say, "That kid's not baptized yet. He/she might be possessed by evil spirits."

Ano'ng marites, 'day?


imbalsamo

imbálsamó (canonical)
ᜁᜋ᜔ᜊᜎ᜔ᜐᜋᜓ (Baybayin)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

intrigue; machination; clandestine scheme

(colloquial) scandalous gossip or rumors (usually on celebrities)


intriga

[ʔɪn̪ˈt̪ɾiː.ɣɐ]

Superseded, pre-2014 spelling of entrega.


taol

(pathology) (attack of) convulsion (especially in children and infants)


multo

Early borrowing from Spanish muerto (“dead”), from Vulgar Latin *mortu(s), from Latin mortuus. Doublet of muwerto.


siya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Pilipino siya.

he; she (third person singular animate personal pronoun)

(colloquial) it (third person singular inanimate personal pronoun)


siya

Ang belong ito ay siyang ginawa ng kanyang lola.

This veil is the very same one which her grandmother made.

the one; the identical one; the very same


siya

siya (canonical)
siyá (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

Early borrowing of Spanish silla, from Old Spanish siella, from Latin sella. Doublet of silya.

siya ng kabayo

siya ng bisikleta

Nakasabit sa dingding ang mga siya ng kabayo na may iba-ibang palawit na estribo.

1989, Pramoedya Ananta Toer, translated by Thelma B. Kintanar, Daigdig ng Tao, Solidaridad Publishing House, page 30

The horse saddles with different stirrups are hanging on the wall.


siya

Borrowed from Hokkien 謝／谢 (siā, “regards to; thanks; gratefulness”), according to Manuel (1948).

bor+

(by extension) Only used in kasiya, sufficiency; adequacy

(by extension) Only used in pasiya, decision; determination


sentimos

séntimós (canonical)
ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜋᜓᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish céntimos, plural of céntimo (compare apostoles, opisyales, and rekisitos).

Alternative form of sentimo (singular or plural)


dini

From Proto-Austronesian *di-ni (“here”). The latter half of the word is possibly related to iri/ire/idi. See also ganiri and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns. Meanwhile, the former half is possibly related to Malay di and Indonesian di as a likely cognate. Compare Cebuano dinhi, Tausug dī, and Malay sini.


hayan

The latter half of the word is possibly iyan. See also niyan, ganiyan/ganyan, diyan, heto, hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun, and other Tagalog demonstrative pronouns.

there! there it is! (far from the speaker, but near the person addressed)


inmigrante

tl-noun

inmigrante (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ)

ᜁᜈ᜔ᜋᜒᜄ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ (Baybayin)

[ʔɪn̪.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]

[ʔɪ.mɪˈɡɾan̪.t̪ɛ]


gumamela

[ɡʊ.mɐˈmɛː.lɐ]

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)


sando

Possibly of Japanese origin, according to Potet (2016) and the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. Compare Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji), Assamese English sando-ganji, Kapampangan sandu and Hindi सैंडो गंजी (saiṇḍo gañjī). Another theory says that the word is named after German vaudeville showman and bodybuilder Eugene Sandow (1867-1925) who wore a sleeveless shirt when showing off his muscles.

cog

স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি

Bengali স্যান্ডো গেঞ্জি (sênḍō genji)

sleeveless undershirt; tank top; wifebeater; singlet; vest


ligata

[lɪˈɣaː.t̪ɐʔ]

(medicine) pimple-like growth on the skin; itchy blotch or whelk on the skin


Pampanga

Borrowed from Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + Spanish -a.

af

Pampanga (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles City)


gaban

Borrowed from Spanish gabán, from Arabic قَبَاء (qabāʔ).


aboy-aboy

tl-adj

abóy-abóy (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔)

abóy-abóy (canonical)
ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ᜀᜊᜓᜌ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐˌboɪ̯ ʔɐˈboɪ̯]


adelpa

[ʔɐˈd̪ɛl.pɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish adelfa, from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).


abelyana

Borrowed from Spanish avellana, from Latin abellana.


agila

[ˌʔaː.ɣɪˈla]

Borrowed from Spanish águila (“eagle”), from Latin aquila.

kind of shallow-water fish corral provided with a semicircular enclosure having two opposite, tapering ends that lead into two pounds


San Pablo

Borrowed from Spanish San Pablo.
The city is named after Paul of Thebes (Spanish: Pablo el Ermitaño. Tagalog: Pablo, ang Unang Ermitanyo), its patron saint.

San Pablo (a city in Laguna, Philippines)


alkitran

alkitrán (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜒᜆ᜔ᜇᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alquitrán, from Andalusian Arabic اَلْقَطْرَان (al-qiṭrán), from Arabic اَلْقِطْرَان (al-qiṭrān, “tar”).

der

اَلْقَطْرَان

اَلْقِطْرَان

Isang pormula ang nakuha sa Inglaterra , para makayari ng isang likidong pangalis ng barnis, lakre, alkitran, at pintura.

1935, Marcial G. Mendiola, Kabuhayan at tagumpay, Carrsaco Press Company, page 34

A formula for making a liquid that can remove varnish, lacre, tar and paint was obtained from England.


alpombra

ᜀᜎ᜔ᜉᜓᜋ᜔ᜊ᜔ᜇ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish alfombra, from Andalusian Arabic الحنبل (al-ḥánbal), from Arabic حَنْبَل (ḥanbal, “ceremonial tapestry”).


ambulansya

tl-noun

ambulansya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ)

ᜀᜋ᜔ᜊᜓᜎᜈ᜔ᜐ᜔ᜌ (Baybayin)

Superseded, pre-2007 spelling of ambulansiya.


alkansiya

alkansiyá or alkansiya (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ)

alkansiyá (canonical)
alkansiya (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜃᜈ᜔ᜐᜒᜌ (Baybayin)

piggy bank; money box (or any kind of coin container)


alang-alang

alang-alang (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜅ᜔ᜀᜎᜅ᜔)

[ˌʔaː.lɐŋ ˈʔaː.lɐŋ]

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *alaŋ alaŋ.


antipatiko

tl-adj

antipátikó (feminine antipatika, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ)

antipátikó (canonical)
antipatika (feminine)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜉᜆᜒᜃᜓ (Baybayin)

antipathic; uncongenial; displeasing; disagreeable; ungracious


antipara

[ʔɐn̪.t̪ɪˈpaː.ɾɐ]

Borrowed from Spanish antiparras (“spectacles; eyeglasses”).

bor+

(dated or dialectal, Quezon) spectacles; eyeglasses; glasses


asibar

[ʔɐˈsiː.bɐɾ]


alibangbang

tl-noun

alibangbáng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔)

alibangbáng (canonical)
ᜀᜎᜒᜊᜅ᜔ᜊᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qali-baŋbaŋ (“kind of tree with leaves shaped like butterflies”), from Proto-Austronesian *qali- (prefix for words with a sensitive reference to the spirit world) + Proto-Austronesian *baŋbaŋ (“butterfly, moth”).

inh

small, roadside, yellow-winged butterfly

Malabar orchid tree; Malabar bauhinia (Piliostigma malabaricum)


apitong

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (medium hardwood tree used for lumber)


agwanta

[ʔɐɡ.wɐn̪ˈt̪a]

Borrowed from Spanish aguantar, from Italian agguantare.

act of endurance; tolerance (of pain, hardship, misfortune, etc.)


algodon

algodón (canonical)
ᜀᜎ᜔ᜄᜓᜇᜓᜈ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish algodón. Doublet of koton.


diin

From Proto-Southern Philippine *dəqən (“press down on”). Compare Bikol Central duon, Cebuano duon, Waray-Waray duon, and Tboli dken.


asero

Borrowed from Spanish acero, from Late Latin aciārium.

martilyong asero

asero ng pluma


apendisitis

tl-noun

apendisitis (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔)

ᜀᜉᜒᜈ᜔ᜇᜒᜐᜒᜆᜒᜐ᜔ (Baybayin)


artikulo

artíkuló (canonical)
ᜀᜇ᜔ᜆᜒᜃᜓᜎᜓ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐɾˌt̪iː.xʊˈlo]

Borrowed from Spanish artículo, from Latin articulus.

article (of magazines, newspapers, etc.)


amihan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS-an, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS. Compare Ilocano amian, Kapampangan amian, Bikol Central amihan, Cebuano amihan, Hiligaynon amihan, Amis Amis.

Coordinate term: habagat


anila

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.lɐ]


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

visible through transparent or translucent objects


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]

clear visibility through transparent or translucent objects

(figurative) attempt to understand; enlightenment


aninaw

[ʔɐˈn̪iː.n̪aʊ̯]

[ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈn̪aʊ̯]


anting-anting

antíng-antíng (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔)

antíng-antíng (canonical)
ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ (Baybayin)

[ʔɐn̪ˌt̪iŋ ʔɐn̪ˈt̪iŋ]

Borrowed from Malay anting-anting (“dangling earrings; pendulum”).


mga

From earlier manga, from Proto-Central Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Philippine *maŋa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maŋa.
The three-letter spelling originated in a now defunct Spanish language abbreviation convention of drawing a tilde over the abbreviated word, in this case manga, later rendered as mg̃a or m͠ga. The complications of typing ⟨ñ⟩, ⟨g̃⟩ or any such tilded combination using English language typewriters during the American occupation of the Philippines caused it to be dropped in writing. Compare ng.
The abbreviated form was kept to avoid possible confusion with prefix manga-.

mga aso


mga

Alis tayo mga alas tres ng hapon.

Siguro mga sampung piso lang iyong pamasahe.
Maybe the fare is around ₱10.


apog

From Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Ilocano apog, Kapampangan api, Bikol Central apog, Hiligaynon apog, and Malay kapur. Doublet of alkampor and kapol.


apunta

(medicine) onset; sudden attack (of a sickness or ailment)


kanibal

tl-noun

kanibál or kánibál (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔)

kanibál (canonical)
kánibál (canonical)
ᜃᜈᜒᜊᜎ᜔ (Baybayin)

Borrowed from Spanish caníbal with stress shift, from older caríbal, from caribe, from Kalinago karifuna (“Island Carib person”).


atsara

[ʔɐˈt͡ʃaː.ɾɐ]

Possibly ultimately from Persian آچار (âčâr, “pickle, marinade”). Compare Indonesian acar and Hindi अचार (acār). See also Spanish achara.

atchara (pickle made from grated unripe papaya originating from the Philippines)


alagad

[ʔɐ.lɐˈɣad̪̚]

Ultimately from Proto-Philippine *alagad.


andam

Compare Kapampangan andam or Bikol Central andam.


apdo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapejux.


asupre

Borrowed from Spanish azufre (“sulfur”), from Old Spanish sufre, from Latin sulfur.


atake

[ʔɐˈt̪aː.xɛ]

(figurative) approach (manner of making or solving)


agwa

agwá (canonical)
agwa (canonical)
ᜀᜄ᜔ᜏ (Baybayin)

big splash or surge of water (as when one dives into a river)


asinan

[ʔɐˈsiː.n̪ɐn̪]

place where salting preservation is done