nu

From Proto-Tai *ʰnuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai หนู (nǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩪ, Lao ໜູ (nū), Tai Dam ꪘꪴ, Lü ᦐᦴ (ṅuu), Shan ၼူ (nǔu), Zhuang nou, Saek หนู่.


mi

From Proto-Tai *ʰmwɯjᴬ (“bear”). Cognate with Thai หมี (mǐi), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩦ, Lao ໝີ (mī), Lü ᦖᦲ (ṁii), Tai Dam ꪢꪲ, Shan မီ (mǐi), Ahom 𑜉𑜣 (mī), Zhuang mui, Nong Zhuang mue, Bouyei moil. Compare Old Chinese 羋 (*meʔ).


an

an chạng

an năng đây


qua

𫇥瓜曾𫇥荳


qua

slâu qua


ai

lẹo ai

đâm ai

ai nắc

ai hom

ai mên

lẹo ai


bai

au bai bjai nhả

bai xu


bai

bai nặm keng


ben

ben khẩu nâng

ben da


ben

ngắt ben

nằng ben


hang

From Proto-Tai *trwɤːŋᴬ. Cognate with Thai หาง (hǎang), Northern Thai ᩉᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຫາງ (hāng), Lü ᦠᦱᧂ (ḣaang), Tai Dam ꪬꪱꪉ, Shan ႁၢင် (hǎang), Tai Nüa ᥞᥣᥒᥴ (háang), Ahom 𑜍𑜂𑜫 (raṅ), Zhuang rieng or riengz, Bouyei riangl.


bo

bo mảy

bo làng


北

佷東北丑寅㐌聀

People from everywhere and everywhen knows it all

付許娘㓜北𫠯撰

Hand it over to the lady to bring the net down there and scoop

芮𱒢真敯荣拾北


丙

bưởng (romanization)
pẻng (romanization)

妸分花丙吏

八昌賞丙双


俸

Nôm form of boong (“people in general”).

俸乃𬍄林山噀啓

In this place, wild dogs block the paths


博

寸太曾注博姑姨


印

印三宝谷師

seal of the Three Jewels, head of all monks


咹

南秋仙㓜許色咹

Thinking of asking the angels for some fruits.

Nôm form of ăn (“thing, specifically fruit”).


喑

拾喑𱙊鸡尊否平喑蕡大棟

Slíp ám nựa cáy ton, bấu phính ám bon đại đống

Ten pieces of capon doesn't equal a taro


坢

𫰴新𫰴漯坢

stupid girls are those who idle between villages


垓

納𱑼郎晋𱐍江垓

The offering trays already given and you're still at the veranda


奧

尋啉奧啉爺

Weaving to the point of forgetting one's uncles

Nôm form of áo (“paternal aunt, younger brother”).


妸

a (romanization)
à (romanization)
á (romanization)

買林妸啉𫢞


娜

Nôm form of na̱ (“maternal aunt, second wife”).


安

𣅃𪾦𫇥齐痚云安

Tomorrow, the flower will wither and bear fruits.


干

四象分干支八卦

Sixiang created the ten heavenly stems and the eight divinatory trigrams

有干不生枝玉葉


平

Nôm form of bẳng (“Indicates an inanimate thing”).


弼

咪息弼麻余

Nôm form of bắt (“a unit of dry measure”).


扑

保眉帝色排色扑

I don't have a single handful or catty of something


押

伩跒沃垱押我𠀧

Lift one's legs and venture to where roads meet


排

󱸰排芮𲎁執𬙖通芮淰光

Tềnh pài rườn nộc chắp, tẩư thoóng rườn nặm queng

A bird lands on the roof, water surrounds under the floor

度排󱷰𲃀本𫢍吨眉𪦸雁杜𱛺

Độ pài moóc toả bản, cần tồn mì lục nhạn tổ nòn

Around the afternoon, fog covers the village, people rumored that there's a goose coming to stay overnight

即賭开𱭮即排开𪦸


本

𱐍略本押伴略𫶾

If you want to live, choose a place; if you want to make friends, choose people

本眉官栈眉棟

Every village has a leader, every floor has pillars


杆

cản (romanization)
cẳn (romanization)
càn (romanization)

爱摻杆祚否都𥥉

曲乃了眉桧杆𨱾

卷𪫆香曾杆

󰝧把篰流杆

Once reached the clump of bamboos, the carrying pole will be chiselled


橄

欥坚低伩󰯙媒坎橄


符

吟符散對𱣨边法

The spells faded with the wind, casting a charm


粑

律𪫆粑曾筩


芭

坎沃枯模榔芭磊

Go past the areca tree whose leaves are drooping


花

hoa (romanization)
hoà (romanization)
và (romanization)

迕泣𫡱𫰇弍害花

Meeting two beautiful girls picking flowers


蕡

否平喑蕡大棟


蚆

軍國如蚆運𬂇三

Troops as numerous as swarms of butterflies in March

卷𪫆蚆連𧎝


角

本󰝧角欄登


mu

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴬ (“pig”). Cognate with Thai หมู (mǔu), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ, Lao ໝູ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴ (ṁuu), Tai Dam ꪢꪴ, Shan မူ (mǔu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Zhuang mou, Bouyei mul.


鈈

枚𣦍立竹𣦍如鈈

An Honest Mai meets an honest Trúc like fishhooks


阁

保聀塘𫠯𪫆宮阁


隘

书𫢍發每隘


ca

From Proto-Tai *kaːᴬ (“crow”), from onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lao ກາ (kā), Northern Thai ᨠᩣ, Lü ᦂᦱ (k̇aa), Shan ၵႃ (kǎa), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣ (kaa), Tai Dam ꪀꪱ, Zhuang roegga, Tày ca.

Tua ca ơi.

nả đăm bặng nả ca

Vằn ngoà tua ca pắt đảy sloong tua cáy ỉ.

Yesterday, the crow caught two little chickens.


ca

co mạy ca

phắc ca

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual


tu

From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (tū), Lü ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū), Zhuang dou.


à

me̱ à

blood paternal aunt (younger than one's father)


hai

From Proto-Tai *ʰŋaːjᴬ; cognate with Lao ຫງາຍ (ngāi), Shan ငၢႆ (ngǎai), Thai หงาย (ngǎai).


bon

đảng chin bon on chin phước

When cold, eat taro; when warm, eat eddo

lồng khuổi sla bon

bon phước hom


chá

From Chinese 價 (MC kaeH). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨣ᩵ᩤ, Lao ຄ່າ (khā), Lü ᦅᦱᧈ (kaa¹), Shan ၵႃႈ (kāa), Thai ค่า (kâa). Compare Vietnamese cả (as in giá cả).

dú chá háng

cúa xằng mí chá

mác lịch chá cân hả slíp xiên

The cost for chestnuts will be fifty thousand [dong] per kilo.


chá

chá tặt pừn toòng

mount (object on which another object is mounted)

chá tu


ma

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːᴬ (“dog”). Cognate with Thai หมา (mǎa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ, Lao ໝາ (mā), Tai Dam ꪢꪱ, Lü ᦖᦱ (ṁaa), Shan မႃ (mǎa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥴ (máa), Aiton မႃ (mā), Ahom 𑜉𑜠 (ma), Zhuang ma, Saek หม่า.


chai

chai lẩu


cam

bủi mác cam


cam

Đếch nọi pền cam.

cam cưa, cam nồm

a vague kind of mouth ache, typically found in children


bá

From Proto-Tai *C̥.baːᴮ (“shoulder”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ, Lao ບ່າ (bā), Shan မႃႇ (màa) or ဝႃႇ (wàa), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥱ (mǎa), Ahom 𑜈𑜡 (bā), Zhuang mbaq, Thai บ่า (bàa). Compare Proto-Austronesian *qabaʀa (“shoulder”).

tối bá

đúc bá

phiêng bá

equal (in terms of age, height or condition)

háp khẩu dú tềnh bá


bát

From Proto-Tai *ɓaːtᴰ. Cognate with Thai บาด (bàat).

pền bát

bát slúc noong

bóng bát

bát théc oóc


bát

tụp bát nưng

bát slủng

hẳm bát nưng


bung

a type of slatted baskets to carry clothes and books


a

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːᴬ (“father's younger sister”). Cognate with Lao ອາ (ʼā), Thai อา (aa).

inh

me̱ a

pi noọng lục áo lục dé, lục me̱ a lục po̱ khủ

brothers [who are] children of uncles and aunts

a noọng

younger sister (in relation to a brother)


nam

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːmᴬ (“thorn”). Cognate with Thai หนาม (nǎam), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ໜາມ (nām), Lü ᦐᦱᧄ (ṅaam), Shan ၼၢမ် (nǎam), Tai Dam ꪘꪱꪣ, Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥛᥴ (láam) or ᥢᥣᥛᥴ (náam), Zhuang nam, Nong Zhuang nam.

nam chộc

點㓜百樅楠


á

pi̱ á

pi̱ nhình á


á

Mạy á oóc bjoóc le̱ đăm nà.

When the melastoma blooms, we replant the rice.


búa

phjắc búa hom

búa mạy pjeo

búa mạy

búa slủng


búa

búa mèng dây


xá

xá cáy

xá vài

xá pja


ăn

From Proto-Tai *ʔalᴬ (classifier for things). Cognate with Lao ອັນ (ʼan), Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan), Shan ဢၼ် (ʼǎn), Ahom 𑜒𑜃𑜫 (ʼan), Zhuang aen, Thai อัน (an).

cog

Lü ᦀᧃ (˙ʼan)

ăn đây, ăn rại

Ăn tỉ te chắc dá.


花魁

Nôm form of hoa khôi (“a beautiful female”).


áo

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːwᴬ (“father's younger brother”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜒𑜧 (`ao), Lao ອາວ (ʼāo) and Thai อาว (aao).

inh

po̱ áo

paternal uncle younger than one's father

noọng áo khỏi


mác

From Proto-Tai *ʰmaːkᴰ (“fruit”). Cognate with Thai หมาก (màak), Lao ໝາກ (māk), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ᩠ᨠ, Khün ᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lü ᦖᦱᧅ (ṁaak), Shan မၢၵ်ႇ (màak), Ahom 𑜉𑜀𑜫 (mak), Zhuang mak. Compare Proto-Be *maːkᴰ².


ái

lọm ai

pác tu ai


áng

From Proto-Tai *ʔaːŋᴮ (“basin”), from Middle Chinese 盎 (MC 'angX|'angH, “an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩋ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ອ່າງ (ʼāng), Tai Dam ꪮ꪿ꪱꪉ, Shan ဢၢင်ႇ (ʼàang), Tai Nüa ᥟᥣᥒᥱ (ʼǎang), Ahom 𑜒𑜂𑜫 (ʼaṅ), Thai อ่าง (àang), Zhuang angq.

ltc-l

áng nặm

glazed terra-cotta basin used to carry water

áng phẳn

a huge bowl of pho (Vietnamese traditional dish)


bái

pay (kin) bái

bái nà, bái râ̱y

an occasion where neighbors gather to work on something together


bài

slon bài


cà

From Proto-Tai *ɣaːᴬ (“thatch grass”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨤᩣ, Lao ຄາ (khā), Lü ᦆᦱ (xaa), Shan ၶႃး (kháa), Tai Nüa ᥑᥣᥰ (xäa), Ahom 𑜁𑜡 (khā), Thai คา (kaa). Compare Proto-Hlai *Ciɦaː (“thatch grass”) (> haː¹~zaː¹~hjaː¹ across the different lects), Sui yal (“thatch grass”).

nhả cà

rườn cà

Tàng bấu pây rộc nhả cà.


bó

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ɓoːᴮ. Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷᩬᩴ᩵, Lao ບໍ່ (bǭ), Lü ᦢᦸᧈ (ḃoa¹), Tai Dón ꪚꪮꫀ, Shan မေႃႇ (màu) or ဝေႃႇ (wàu), Tai Nüa ᥛᥨᥝᥱ (mǒw), Phake မေႃ (mō), Ahom 𑜈𑜦𑜨𑜡 (beoā) or 𑜉𑜦𑜨𑜡 (meoā), Zhuang mboq, Thai บ่อ (bɔ̀ɔ).

cog

Lü ᦢᦸᧈ (ḃoa¹)

bó bủn

háp nặm tó bó

bó hích

au bó

bó nặm


báo

From Proto-Tai *ɓaːwᴮ (“unmarried man”). Cognate with Lao ບ່າວ (bāo), Northern Thai ᨷ᩵ᩤ᩠ᩅ, Lü ᦢᦱᧁᧈ (ḃaaw¹), Tai Dam ꪚ꪿ꪱꪫ, Shan မၢဝ်ႇ (màao) or ဝၢဝ်ႇ (wàao), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜧 (mow) or 𑜉𑜨𑜧𑜈𑜫 (moww), Zhuang mbauq, Thai บ่าว (bàao).

Lü ᦢᦱᧁᧈ (ḃaaw¹)

báo ké

báo đai

nhằng báo

báo quan luông


boong

boong xay


boong

Boong khua.


ám

ám chin

ám khẩu

ám nặm

ám thương

ám nựa

ám ỉ

Indicates pieces, sips or a mouthful of something

ám đin

ám tỉ


chái

chái mạy


chái

chái mu

chái rì


đâu

Borrowed from an earlier form of modern Vietnamese nâu (“brown, a tuber”).


chài

From Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“male”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨩᩣ᩠ᨿ, Lao ຊາຍ (sāi), Lü ᦋᦻ (tsaay), Shan ၸၢႆး (tsáai), Tai Nüa ᥓᥣᥭᥰ (tsäay), Ahom 𑜋𑜩 (chay), Zhuang sai, Thai ชาย (chaai).

pi̱ chài

chài bộ đội


càn

From Proto-Tai *ɢaːnᴬ. Cognate with Northern Thai ᨣᩤ᩠ᨶ, Khün ᨣᩤ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄານ (khān), Lü ᦅᦱᧃ (kaan), Shan ၵၢၼ်း (káan), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣᥢᥰ (käan), Phake ကꩫ် (kan), Ahom 𑜀𑜃𑜫 (kan), Nong Zhuang ganz, Thai คาน (kaan). Compare Middle Chinese 竿 (MC kan) or Old Chinese 竿 (OC *kaːn).

càn háp khẩu

càn thây

càn bết


càng

From Proto-Tai *ɢaːŋᴬ (“chin; jaw”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨣᩤ᩠ᨦ, Lao ຄາງ (khāng), Lü ᦅᦱᧂ (kaang), Tai Dam ꪁꪱꪉ, Shan ၵၢင်း (káang), Ahom 𑜀𑜂𑜫 (kaṅ), Zhuang hangz, Bouyei haangz, Thai คาง (kaang).

càng khẻo

ả pác cặm càng

to open one's mouth and have the jaw get in the way

càng nhuốt


cáng

cáng mạy

Chang họ, te le cáng nưa.

Within our family, they're part of the upper branch.

division based on the first generation born from the same ancestor


nà

From Proto-Tai *naːᴬ (“paddy field”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶᩣ, Lao ນາ (nā), Lü ᦓᦱ (naa), Shan ၼႃး (náa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Zhuang naz, Bouyei naz, Thai นา (naa).

râ̱ư nà cằn khuổi

hết nà

律󰝧道𪽖𪡯点具

nưa nà


nài

tấu nài

nài chạu


nàng

From Proto-Tai *naːŋᴬ (“lady”), from Middle Chinese 娘 (MC nrjang, “young woman”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶᩣ᩠ᨦ, Lao ນາງ (nāng), Lü ᦓᦱᧂ (naang), Tai Dam ꪙꪱꪉ, Shan ၼၢင်း (náang), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥒᥰ (läang) or ᥢᥣᥒᥰ (näang), Aiton ꩫင် (naṅ), Ahom 𑜃𑜂𑜫 (naṅ), Thai นาง (naang). Cognate via Middle Chinese: Old Khmer នាង (nāṅa, nāṅ°), nâ, nõ (“courtesy title for females”), Khmer នាង (niəng), Vietnamese nàng, Burmese နန်း (nan:).

经史娘諸買保林

(polite) an admirable and lovable young woman


nàng

cuổi nàng


mú

From Proto-Tai *ʰmuːᴮ. Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩪ᩵, Lao ໝູ່ (mū), Lü ᦖᦴᧈ (ṁuu¹), Shan မူႇ (mùu), Ahom 𑜉𑜥 (mū), Thai หมู่ (mùu).

Lü ᦖᦴᧈ (ṁuu¹)

pây pền mú

Mú tỉ quá khói kéo dá

tó mú căn


cang

cang to nặm


bao

mác bao

dầu mác bao

slắc bao đeng

slắc bao khao


cai

nẳng tẩư cai

veranda opposite the entrance in Tày-styled stilt houses

Cáy chin khẩu chang cai.


cai

From Chinese 街 (MC kea|keaj, “street”). Cognate with Bouyei gaail and Zhuang gai.

oóc cai khảu bản


cao

da cao

tức cao slưa

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) a tonic made from animal flesh or bone


bông

Phên phà bông hún ún.


có

có ché


có

nam có

伩摩即模固𬙖芭


cá

Cần nẩy le̱ pi̱ cá khỏi.


muối

muối da

muối dài

muối mác ngận

奔否送𧵑速𠳨濐庒眉

Heaven does not give us things for free, we must work to our sweats to have those.

模𬚌仍眉𠳨欥文

丿𠳨莪妄圩岊

A grain of sesame missed, an entire rock mountain disfigured.


bắp

bưa bắp

sluôn bắp

bắp nua

bắp chăm

bắp lương

bắp đeng

đúc bắp

pjỏn bắp

to separate the corn kernels from the cob

kin khẩu bắp


bầu

Nă̱m bầu bươn cẩu


bạc

po̱ bạc


bạc

tức bạc


bau

cần bau


bắc

bắc xỏn pja

tha bắc khát

than bắc


bắc

bắc nà cằn loo̱ng


bút

Borrowed from Vietnamese bút. Doublet of pít.

bút chừn

bút lếch

bút khuôn

pác bút

Âu mạc bút lài xư.


cần

From Proto-Tai *ɢwɯnᴬ. Cognate with Thai คน (kon), Northern Thai ᨤᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຄົນ (khon), Tai Dam ꪶꪁꪙ, Lü ᦅᦳᧃ (kun), Shan ၵူၼ်း (kúun), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥢᥰ (kön), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜃𑜫 (kun), Bouyei wenz, Zhuang vunz, Zuojiang Zhuang koenz.


ý

ý cải

bấu chắc ý pền rừ


cằm

From Proto-Tai *ɡamᴬ (“bite (n.); speech”). Cognate with Ahom 𑜁𑜪𑜨 (khäam), Northern Thai ᨣᩴᩤ, Lao ຄຳ (kham), Lü ᦅᧄ (kam), Thai คำ (kam).

slống cằm

răm cằm

to have a (typically bad) reputation for

cằm Bạc Hồ slắng sle

cằm đin tây


thú

Compare Lao ຖູ່ (thū), Northern Thai ᨳᩪ᩵, Khün ᨳᩪ᩵, Lü ᦏᦴᧈ (ṫhuu¹), Shan ထူႇ (thùu).

Lü ᦏᦴᧈ (ṫhuu¹)


mùa

mùa mồm

mùa slau tan

下界𠉸求𫯊

On Earth, the people pray for good harvest.


băng

Possibly through an ancient form of Vietnamese măng.

tua pja băng


mục

From Proto-Tai *muːkᴰ (“mucus of the nose”). Cognate with Lao ມູກ (mūk), Shan မုၵ်ႈ (mūk), Zhuang mug, Thai มูก (mûuk).

[mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

mục ruê

fứ mục


mục

[mʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

đin mục


các

lườn các

khẩncác

Cần dú nưa các, vài dú tẩư lang

People stay in the house, buffalos stay under the floor

phả phạ kẻo mừa keo, khẩu tèo các

clouds fly to the south, rice jumps upstairs


bằng

chỉa bằng

đảy bằng


ngù

From Proto-Tai *ŋwɯːᴬ (“snake”). Cognate with Thai งู (nguu), Northern Thai ᨦᩪ, Lao ງູ (ngū), Lü ᦇᦴ (nguu), Tai Dam ꪉꪴ, Shan ငူး (ngúu), Tai Nüa ᥒᥧᥰ (ngü), Ahom 𑜂𑜥 (ṅū), Bouyei ngeaz, Zhuang ngwz, Nong Zhuang nguz, Saek งั๊ว.


cáp

From Middle Chinese 甲 (MC kaep, “shell; armor”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨠᩣ᩠ᨷ, Lao ກາບ (kāp), Khün ᨠᩣ᩠ᨷ, Lü ᦂᦱᧇ (k̇aab), Shan ၵၢပ်ႇ (kàap), Ahom 𑜀𑜆𑜫 (kap), Nong Zhuang gaeb, Thai กาบ (gàap).

cáp làng

cáp duốc

cáp mạy


cưa

From Proto-Tai *klwɯəᴬ (“salt”). Cognate with Thai เกลือ (glʉʉa), Northern Thai ᨠᩖᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເກືອ (kư̄a), Tai Dam ꪹꪀ, Shan ၵိူဝ် (kǒe), Tai Nüa ᥐᥫ (koe), Ahom 𑜀𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (küw), Nong Zhuang gow, Zhuang gyu. Compare also Lakkia kjie⁵¹.


bảo

Borrowed from Vietnamese bảo. Doublet of pảo.

mặt bảo


xác

xác khẩu slan

xác cưa


chả

From Proto-Tai *klaːꟲ (“rice seedling”), from Old Chinese 稼 (OC *kˤra-s, “sow crops”) (B-S). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨠᩖ᩶ᩣ, Lao ກ້າ (kā), Lü ᦂᦱᧉ (k̇aa²), Shan ၵႃႈ (kāa), Thai กล้า (glâa).

Lü ᦂᦱᧉ (k̇aa²)

lồng chả

lốc chả

bươn slam lồng chả bươn hả năm nà

Sow the seeds in March, reap the crops in May.

乖彰稼吪彰𪽖

The wise tend the seedlings while the fool tend the fields.

坎克哢齐汨务稼

The kham khac bird's call signals harvesting time.

谷枚欥漣𪽖𫠯稼

Use the apricot's stems as a watering trough for our fields' seedlings.


canh

one of the five two-hour periods at night


cảng

From Proto-Tai *kaːŋꟲ (“fishbone”), from Middle Chinese 鯁 (MC kaengX, “fishbone”). Cognate with Lao ກ້າງ (kāng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣᥒᥲ (kàang), Northern Thai ᨠ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ, Shan ၵၢင်ႈ (kāang), Thai ก้าง (gâang).

cảng pja

cảng chằm

chin pja cảng cà cò


phân

From Proto-Tai *C̥.wɯnᴬ. Cognate with Thai ฝน (fǒn), Northern Thai ᨺᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຝົນ (fon), Tai Dam ꪶꪠꪙ, Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun), Shan ၽူၼ် (phǔun) or ၾူၼ် (fǔun), Ahom 𑜇𑜤𑜃𑜫 (phun), Zhuang fwn, Nong Zhuang paen, Saek หวึ่น.
Compare Southern Kam bienl, Sui fenl, Proto-Be *pʰunᴬ¹, Hlai fun.

Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun)


bỏ

bỏ thú


bủa

bủa hẳm mạy

bủa tân


cắp

cắp kiêng nà

hảng cắp nu


cắp

ăn cắp bông


cắp

cắp cuổi


nạn

thấu nạn

nạn coóc núm

寸太曾㹰[⿰犭难][⿰犭灵]𪻈


nạn

Perhaps related to na̱n, which could be the normal reflex from Middle Chinese 災難 (MC tsoj nanH), while the former is borrowed indirectly via Vietnamese nạn.

送百难三灾𨑤走


nạo

áp khẩu nẩy mì slam nạo


bồ

bồ khẩu coóc


bồ

bồ khẩu

bồ hả


vằn

From Proto-Tai *ŋwanᴬ. Cognate with Thai วัน (wan), Northern Thai ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lao ວັນ (wan), Lü ᦞᧃ (van), Shan ဝၼ် (wǎn), Tai Nüa ᥝᥢᥰ (wän), Tai Dam ꪫꪽ, Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Zhuang ngoenz, Bouyei ngonz or nguanz, Zuojiang Zhuang vaenz. Compare Sui vanl, Proto-Be *vɨnᴬ², Proto-Hlai *hŋwən.


vằn

From Proto-Tai *ɣwanᴬ. Cognate with Thai ควัน (kwan), Lao ຄວັນ (khuan), Northern Thai ᨤ᩠ᩅᩢᩁ, Khün ᨣ᩠ᩅᩢ᩠ᨶ, Lü ᦩᦸᧃ (xwoan) or ᦆᦸᧃ (xoan), Shan ၵႂၢၼ်း (kwáan), ၵွၼ်း (káun), ၵႂၼ်း (kwán), or ၵၼ်း (kán), Tai Nüa ᥑᥩᥢᥰ (xöan) or ᥐᥩᥢᥰ (köan), Tai Dam ꪁꪺꪙ, Ahom 𑜁𑜨𑜃𑜫 (khon), Saek กฺ๊อน.


cắc kè

[kak̚˧˥ kɛ˧˨]

Compare Vietnamese cắc kè, Thai ตุ๊กแก (dtúk-gɛɛ).


cáy

cáy bản

cáy đông

hon cáy

pác cáy

Cáy tò tỏ căn.

Cáy oóc kháy.


bản

From Proto-Tai *ɓaːnꟲ (“village”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷ᩶ᩤ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບ້ານ (bān), Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²), Tai Dam ꪚ꫁ꪱꪙ, Shan မၢၼ်ႈ (māan) or ဝၢၼ်ႈ (wāan), Tai Nüa ᥛᥣᥢᥲ (màan), Ahom 𑜈𑜃𑜫 (ban), Zhuang mbanj, Thai บ้าน (bâan). Compare Sui qbaanc.

Lü ᦢᦱᧃᧉ (ḃaan²)

tu mu bản

tu cáy bản

mạy bản

cần đâư bản

Bản mì lai rườn.

mừa bản


bộ

bộ tàng

bộ pại

bộ nưa

bộ tầư


㳍

分欣㳍淰𬰘


䏾

boỏng (romanization)
bóng (romanization)

庭軍搰䏾𬇧蟒蛇

Đình Quân held tight the middle part of the python's body

啓乃淰律䏾欣𱴄

In this place, water's [clear] through the shadow that [one can] see the sand


mươi

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ʰmɯəjᴬ. Cognate with Thai เหมือย.

cuổi thai mươi

Mươi lồng tót lai.


mự

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːꟲ (“day”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩨ᩶, Lao ມື້ (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹᧉ (mue²), Shan မိုဝ်ႉ (mṵ̂e), Thai มื้อ (mʉ́ʉ).

Shan မိုဝ်ႉ (mṵ̂e)

Thai มื้อ (mʉ́ʉ)

mự nẩy

sle kỉ mự

vằn sloong mự

half a day, session, event, time, period

許免𠸦双彐三彐


bạt

Cognate with Thai บัด (bàt), Lao ບັດ (bat).

bạt khửn bạt lồng


pêt

From Proto-Tai *pitᴰ. Cognate with Thai เป็ด (bpèt), Northern Thai ᨸᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Khün ᨸᩮ᩠ᨯ, Lao ເປັດ (pet), Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed), Tai Dam ꪹꪜꪸꪒ, Shan ပဵတ်း (páet), Tai Nüa ᥙᥥᥖᥱ (pět), Ahom 𑜆𑜢𑜄𑜫 (pit), Zhuang bit, Bouyei bidt. Compare Proto-Be *ɓitᴰ¹, Southern Kam badl or bedl, Old Chinese 鴄 (OC *pʰid).

Lü ᦵᦔᧆ (ṗed)


bùa

khoen bùa

tả bùa hầư chào


nả

khang nả


nả

From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᶜ (“face”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨶ᩶ᩣ, Lao ໜ້າ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²), Tai Dam ꪘ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၼႃႈ (nāa), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥲ (làa) or ᥢᥣᥲ (nàa), Ahom 𑜃𑜠 (na) or 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Zhuang naj, Thai หน้า (nâa).

Lü ᦐᦱᧉ (ṅaa²)

dào nả

nả đáo

hết nả đăm nả mẩy

[⿰月班]六[⿰女牢]𫖂萌[⿰弄下]󰝡

In June, all the green-faced girls plough the fields.

朱根[⿱台死]那淰𣷷滝

All of them died together, floating to the 'surface of the river's port.

nả phải

nả nưa

above (inside a stilt house, from the kitchen towards the altar)

nả tẩư

below (inside a stilt house, from the kitchen towards the cupboard)

nả rườn

念香斉𪫆𫖂

One must go in the front when holding the incense and reciting the Buddha's words.

nả lài thổ cẩm

(art, drawing, painting, design) pattern

nả đán

phải nả la̱ng

nả nà


bôn

From Proto-Tai *ɓɯnᴬ (“sky; heaven”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ບົນ (bon), Lü ᦥᦳᧃ (bun) or ᦢᦳᧃ (ḃun), Shan ဝူၼ် (wǔun) or မူၼ် (mǔun), Zhuang mbwn, Bouyei mbenl, Saek บึ๋น, Thai บน (bon).

Chúa Bôn

pú bôn

bôn đin

bôn khả fạ khiếc

Nưa bôn mì me̱ bjooc.

Bôn cháu chắng hết đảy.


bôm

tọn bôm

bôm chè

bôm khẩu cẩu cần

cáy tốc bôm khẩu slan


búng

búng hâư

dú búng pù pài


chải

hết chải


bẻ

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *bəɓeʔ (“goat”), of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Khmer ពពែ (pɔɔpɔpɛɛ), Mon ဗ္ၜေံ, Nyah Kur แพะ, Chong แพ่ะ, Thai แพะ (pɛ́).

bẻ xảu

bẻ xeng

dú đai bặng bẻ bấu pjoóc.

Nồm tu bẻ kin van.

The milk that the kid (baby goat) drinks is sweet.


mụn

mụn toỏng phải


mụn

căm mụn

the night of the day two days after tomorrow

two days after tomorrow
two days after tomorrow


hên

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲelᴬ (“civet cat”). Cognate with Isan เหง็น, Lao ເຫງັນ (ngen) or ເຫັນ (hen), Lü ᦠᦲᧃ (ḣiin), Tai Dam ꪹꪐꪸꪙ, Shan ႁဵၼ် (hǎen), Tai Nüa ᥞᥥᥢᥴ (hén), Ahom 𑜑𑜢𑜃𑜫 (hin), Thai เห็น (hěn).


căng

Đán pằng, căng loọng, nộc bân, hên khuýa


xài

Ultimately from Chinese 財 (MC dzoj, “money”).

slống xài

fát xài


ẩm

ẩm nặm chè


mương

head

mương (⿰氵⿱丷⿷匚八)

tyz-noun

mương (⿰氵⿱丷⿷匚八)

From Proto-Tai *ʰmɯəŋᴬ (“ditch”). Cognate with Lao ເໝືອງ (mư̄ang) and Thai เหมือง (mʉ̌ʉang). Also compare Vietnamese mương.

Hắp phai tào mương

Khảm đảy kha ta̱ bấu quá đảy kha mương

To be able to cross the river but unable to cross the ditch


xả

năm bâư xả


mùng

mùng slút

Bản mì slam slíp mùng rườn.


nát

bjoóc nát


xáy

From Proto-Tai *qraj (“egg”). Cognate with Thai ไข่ (kài), Northern Thai ᨡᩱ᩵ (khai), Lao ໄຂ່ (khai), Tai Dam ꪼꪎ꪿, Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹), Shan ၶႆႇ (khài), Khamti ၵဲ, Ahom 𑜁𑜩 (khay), Bouyei jais, Zhuang gyaeq. Compare Sui geis (“egg”) and Southern Kam geiv (“egg”).

cog

Lü ᦺᦃᧈ (ẋay¹)


lượt

From Proto-Tai *C̬.rɯətᴰ (“bedbug”). Cognate with Thai เรือด (rʉ̂ʉat), Lao ເຮືອດ (hư̄at), Shan ႁိူတ်ႈ (hōet), Ahom 𑜍𑜢𑜤𑜄𑜫 (rüt), Zhuang rwed.


báng

pây pện báng bên

hảy pện báng

Tu báng moòng mì cần thai

Whenever a polatouche cries, a person dies

Tu báng mì sloong pích năng


báng

Mạy non lòn pền báng.

The tree was bitten into a hole by worms.


moóc

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ʰmoːkᴰ. Cognate with Thai หมอก (mɔ̀ɔk), Lao ໝອກ (mǭk), Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹), Tai Dam ꪢꪮꪀ, Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), Tai Nüa ᥛᥩᥐᥱ (mǒak), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), Zhuang mok, Bouyei mogt, Saek ม̄อก.

Lü ᦖᦸᧅᧈ (ṁoak¹)


nhả

From Proto-Tai *ʰɲɯəꟲ (“grass”). Cognate with Thai หญ้า (yâa), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨿ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຫຍ້າ (nyā), Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²), Tai Dam ꪐ꫁ꪱ, Shan ယိူဝ်ႈ (yōe), ယႃႈ (yāa), Tai Nüa ᥕᥫᥲ (yòe), ᥕᥣᥲ (yàa), Phake ယႃ (yā), Ahom 𑜊𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (jʸüw), 𑜊𑜠 (jʸa), 𑜊𑜡 (jʸā), 𑜐𑜠 (ña), Bouyei nyal, Zhuang nywj, Nong Zhuang nyaj, Zuojiang Zhuang yaj.

Lü ᦊᦱᧉ (ẏaa²)


bôi

bôi tắc nặm keng


nạc

From Proto-Tai *naːkᴰ. Cognate with Thai นาก (nâak), Lao ນາກ (nāk), Ahom 𑜃𑜀𑜫 (nak), Zhuang nag.

tua nạc slon lục nạc đăm pja

[like] an otter teaching a child otter fishing


khẩu

From Proto-Tai *C̬.qawꟲ (“rice”), from Austroasiatic (Sagart, 2003), compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *rk[aw]ʔ (“husked rice”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨡᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ (xao), Isan เข่า or เข้า, Southern Thai ค้าว, Lao ເຂົ້າ (khao), Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²), Tai Dam ꪹꪄ꫁ꪱ, Shan ၶဝ်ႈ (khāo), Tai Nüa ᥑᥝᥲ (xàw), Phake ၵွ် (khaw), Ahom 𑜁𑜧 (khaw), 𑜁𑜨𑜧 (khow), Burmese ကောက် (kauk) or 𑜁𑜧𑜈𑜫 (khaww), Nùng khàu, Zhuang haeux, Saek เกฺา, Thai ข้าว (kâao).

Lü ᦃᧁᧉ (ẋaw²)


cản

From Proto-Tai *kaːnꟲ, from Middle Chinese 幹 (MC kanH, “body, trunk”). Cognate with Lao ກ້ານ (kān), Tai Nüa ᥐᥣᥢᥲ (kàan), Shan ၵၢၼ်ႈ (kāan).

cản lủa

tó cản slíu

cản mác cuổi


phả

From Proto-Tai *ʰwɯəꟲ (“cloud”). Cognate with Thai ฝ้า (fâa), Northern Thai ᨺ᩶ᩣ, Khün ᨺ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຝ້າ (fā) or ເຝື້ອ (fư̄a), Lü ᦚᦱᧉ (ḟaa²), Shan ၽႃႈ (phāa) or ၾႃႈ (fāa), Zuojiang Zhuang paj, Bouyei veac, Saek เวี̂ย.

Lü ᦚᦱᧉ (ḟaa²)


nạp

nạp cái càn


cạm

Khay cạm oóc chắng chung xe pây đảy.

Open the gateway so I can take the motorbike out.


bửa

Tu bưa mì lai roong.


bạ

chin nặm cài bạ


mường

head

mường (茫, ⿰氵⿱丷⿷匚八)

tyz-noun

mường (茫, ⿰氵⿱丷⿷匚八)

From Proto-Tai *mɯəŋᴬ (“village”). Cognate with Thai เมือง (mʉʉang), Northern Thai ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦ, Lao ເມືອງ (mư̄ang), Lü ᦵᦙᦲᧂ (moeng), Tai Dam ꪹꪣꪉ (mứang), Shan မိူင်း (móeng), Tai Nüa ᥛᥫᥒᥰ (möeng), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ).

cog

Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 (müṅ)

cần táng mường

mường nưa

[⿰氵⿱丷⿷匚八]蓋梂接𬑾


bết

From Proto-Tai *ɓetᴰ (“fishhook”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷᩮᩢ᩠ᨯ, Lao ເບັດ (bet), Lü ᦵᦢᧆ (ḃed), Tai Dam ꪹꪚꪸꪒ, Shan မဵတ်း (máet) or ဝဵတ်း (wáet), Ahom 𑜈𑜢𑜄𑜫 (bit), Thai เบ็ด (bèt). Compare Proto-Austronesian *kabit (“hook”) (whence Kulon-Pazeh kabit).

Lü ᦵᦢᧆ (ḃed)

bết chà

system of ropes filled with lines of hooks, supported by floats


chác

From Proto-Tai *klwaːkᴰ (“ringworm”). Northern Thai ᨡᩣ᩠ᨠ, Lao ກາກ (kāk), Lü ᦃᦱᧅ (ẋaak), Zhuang gyak, Thai กลาก (glàak).


chác

chác khảu phjác pây


cạy

Alocasia macrorrhizos
Alocasia macrorrhizos#Translingual


thẳm

From Proto-Tai *cramꟲ (“cave”). Cognate with Thai ถ้ำ (tâm), Lao ຖ້ຳ (tham), Northern Thai ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Khün ᨳ᩶ᩣᩴ, Tai Dam ꪖꪾ꫁, Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²), Shan ထမ်ႈ (thām), Tai Nüa ᥗᥛᥲ (thàm), Ahom 𑜌𑜪 (thaṃ), Zhuang gamj.

Lü ᦏᧄᧉ (ṫham²)


cảo

nghé cảo ỏi

nghé cảo phải


côp

From Proto-Tai *kɤpᴰ. Cognate with Thai กบ (gòp), Northern Thai ᨠᩫ᩠ᨷ, Lao ກົບ (kop), Tai Dam ꪶꪀꪚ, Lü ᦷᦂᧇ (k̇ob), Shan ၵူပ်း (kúup), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜆𑜫 (kup), Bouyei gobt, Zhuang goep, Nong Zhuang gaep, Saek กั๊บ and Tai Do kô̄p. Compare Proto-Be *kupᴰ².


bươn

From Proto-Tai *ɓlɯənᴬ (“moon; month”). Cognate with Thai เดือน (dʉʉan), Northern Thai ᨯᩮᩬᩥᩁ, Lao ເດືອນ (dư̄an), Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen), Shan လိူၼ် (lǒen), Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (dün) or 𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜃𑜫 (nün), Bouyei ndianl, Zhuang ndwen or mbwen, Saek เบรี๋ยน. Compare Indonesian bulan.

Lü ᦵᦡᦲᧃ (ḋoen)

Saek เบรี๋ยน

slổ ết bươn slí

slíp hả bươn hả

Khuốp pi slíp nhi̱ bươn.

Bươn nưng đảy kỉ lai?


bảnh

bảnh xe mạ


bủng

From Proto-Tai *ɓuŋꟲ (“morning glory”). Cognate with Lao ບຸ້ງ (bung) or ບົ້ງ (bong), Thai บุ้ง (bûng).

vines of a plant from the family Convolvulaceae


nặm

From Proto-Tai *C̬.namꟲ (“water”), from Proto-Kra-Dai *(C)aNam. Cognate with Ahom 𑜃𑜪 (naṃ), Lao ນ້ຳ (nam), Lü ᦓᧄᧉ (nam²), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣᩴ (nam), Shan ၼမ်ႉ (nâ̰m), Tai Dam ꪙꪾ꫁ (nam6), Tai Nüa ᥘᥛᥳ (lȧm), Thai น้ำ (náam) and Zhuang raemx. Compare Proto-Kam-Sui *ȵam³ (whence Southern Kam naemx, Sui namc), Proto-Be *namᴮꟲ², Proto-Hlai *C-nəmʔ (whence Hlai noms).


chường

Borrowed from an earlier form of Vietnamese giường.


chỉa

From Proto-Tai *ciəꟲ, borrowed from Chinese 紙 (MC tsyeX).


muồi

Mạy muồi hết fạc rườn.


khuổi

From Proto-Tai *qrwɤjꟲ (“mountain stream”). Cognate with Lao ຫ້ວຍ (wany), Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²), Shan ႁူၺ်ႈ (hōi), Ahom 𑜍𑜤𑜐𑜫 (ruñ), Saek รี̂, Zuojiang Zhuang khui [Ningming] or hui [Longzhou], Thai ห้วย (hûai).

Lü ᦠᦽᧉ (ḣoy²)

khuổi loo̱ng

khuổi cải, khuổi ỉ

pây (nă̱ng) khuổi

Khảu khuổi, oóc tô̱ng.


đao đí

[ɗaːw˧˧ ɗi˧˥]

[ɗaːw˦˥ ɗi˦]

From đao (“star (in general)”) + đí (“star (in the sky)”). Compare Bouyei ndaaulndis and Zhuang ndaundeiq.


fạ

From Proto-Tai *vaːꟲ (“sky; weather”). Cognate with Thai ฟ้า (fáa), Northern Thai ᨼ᩶ᩣ, Lao ຟ້າ (fā), Lü ᦝᦱᧉ (faa²), Shan ၽႃႉ (phâ̰a) or ၾႃႉ (fâ̰a), Ahom 𑜇𑜠 (pha), 𑜇𑜡 (phā), 𑜇𑜨𑜠 (phoa), 𑜇𑜨𑜡 (phoā) or 𑜇𑜞𑜠 (phra) and Zhuang fax.


pì noọng

[pi˧˨ nɔŋ˧˨ʔ]

[bʱi˩ nɔŋ˩˧]

From pì (“brother”) + noọng (“younger brother, sister”). Cognate with Thai พี่น้อง (pîi-nɔ́ɔng), Lao ພີ່ນ້ອງ (phī nǭng), Tai Dam ꪝꪲ꪿ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Zhuang beixnuengx.

cog

Tai Dam ꪝꪲ꪿ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ


tha vằn

Tha vằn rường chán.


pja

From Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ปลา (bplaa), Lao ປາ (pā), Lü ᦔᦱ (ṗaa), Shan ပႃ (pǎa), Tai Dam ꪜꪱ, Tai Nüa ᥙᥣ (paa), Ahom 𑜆𑜠 (pa), Zhuang bya and Bouyei byal.


béc

Cognate with Northern Thai ᨷᩯ᩠ᨠ, Lao ແບກ (bǣk), Tai Dam ꪵꪚꪀ, Shan မႅၵ်ႇ (mèk) or ဝႅၵ်ႇ (wèk), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜀𑜫 (mik), Nong Zhuang mbeg, Thai แบก (bɛ̀ɛk).

Mọi rườn pang béc fừn nâng.


đao hang

[ɗaːw˧˧ haːŋ˧˥]

[ɗaːw˦˥ haːŋ˦]

From đao (“star”) + hang (“tail”). Compare Thai ดาวหาง (daao-hǎang), Lao ດາວຫາງ (dāo hāng), Lü ᦡᦱᧁᦠᦱᧂ (ḋaawḣaang), Shan လၢဝ်ႁၢင် (lǎao hǎang), Tai Nüa ᥘᥣᥝᥞᥣᥒᥴ (láawhaang).


fạ mjẹp

[faː˧˨ʔ mʲɛp̚˧˨ʔ]

[vaː˩˧ mʲɛp̚˩˧]

Khoái pện fạ mjẹp


slam cooc

[ɬaːm˧˥ kɔk̚˧˥]

[θaːm˦ kɔk̚˦]


lồm

From Proto-Tai *C̬.lɯmᴬ. Cognate with Thai ลม (lom), Northern Thai ᩃᩫ᩠ᨾ, Lao ລົມ (lom), Lü ᦟᦳᧄ (lum), Tai Dam ꪶꪩꪣ, Shan လူမ်း (lúum), Tai Nüa ᥘᥨᥛᥰ (löm), Ahom 𑜎𑜤𑜪 (luṃ), Bouyei ndumx or rumx, Zhuang rumz. Compare Proto-Kam-Sui *hlwum¹ (whence Southern Kam lemc, Sui luml), Chinese 風 (OC *plum, *plums).


bỉ

bỉ bươn slam

mòn, quéng, đoắc, bỉ

bỉ mọn

slắn bặng bỉ phủ


slẻ

slẻ pao fầy

slẻ vỉ

bamboo tape (for basketwork); bamboo slat (of a paper fan)

slẻ lưởng

slẻ táng chặc


slẩy

From Proto-Tai *sajꟲ. Cognate with Thai ไส้ (sâi), Northern Thai ᩲᩈ᩶, Lü ᦺᦉᧉ (ṡay²), Lao ໄສ້ (sai), Tai Dam ꪼꪎ꫁, Shan သႆႈ (sāi), Tai Nüa ᥔᥭᥱ (sǎy), Zhuang saej.

Lü ᦺᦉᧉ (ṡay²)


căp kẻ

[kap̚˧˥ kɛ˨˩˧]


căp kẻ

[kap̚˧˥ kɛ˨˩˧]


hán fạ

[haːn˧˥ faː˧˨ʔ]


fầy

From Proto-Tai *wɤjᴬ. Cognate with Thai ไฟ (fai), Northern Thai ᨼᩱ, Lao ໄຟ (fai), Lü ᦺᦝ (fay), Tai Dam ꪼꪡ, Shan ၽႆး (phái) or ၾႆး (fái), Tai Nüa ᥜᥭᥰ (fäy), Zhuang feiz, Bouyei fix, Saek วี๊. Compare Proto-Be *vəːjᴬ².


hinh hỏi

[hïŋ˧˥ hɔj˨˩˧]

[hïŋ˦ hɔj˨˦]

Uncertain. Compare Thai หิ่งห้อย (hìng-hɔ̂i), Lao ຫິ່ງຫ້ອຍ, Shan ႁိင်ႇႁွႆႈ (hìng hāui), Mandarin 螢火 /萤火 (yínghuǒ).

Lao ຫິ່ງຫ້ອຍ


𫇥

㗂𠮶务春𫇥否眉


kháng

𱫺模枉良杭莬

As ripe as starfruits, as yellow as turmerics.

ginger; galangal; other plants in the ginger family.


bâư

From Proto-Tai *ɓaɰᴬ. Cognate with Thai ใบ (bai), Lao ໃບ (bai), Lü ᦺᦢ (ḃay), Tai Dam ꪻꪚ, Shan မႂ် (mǎue) or ဝႂ် (wǎue), Ahom 𑜈𑜧 (baw) or 𑜈𑜨𑜧 (bow), Zhuang mbaw and Saek เบ๋อ. Compare Proto-Be *ɓəːᴬ², Proto-Hlai *ɓɯː (whence Hlai bheuu).

bâư mạy

bâư mòn

oóc bâư

bâư ón


ngàu

From Proto-Tai *ŋawᴬ. Cognate with Thai เงา (ngao), Lao ເງົາ (ngao), Tai Dam ꪹꪉꪱ, Lü ᦇᧁ (ngaw), Shan ငဝ်း (ngáo), Tai Nüa ᥒᥝᥰ (ngäw), Zhuang ngaeuz, Bouyei ngauz, Ahom 𑜂𑜧 (ṅaw).


bẳng

Compare Lao ບັ້ງ (bang), Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²), Zhuang mbaengq, Thai บั้ง (bâng).

Lü ᦢᧂᧉ (ḃang²)

sloong bẳng nặm

ay khảu bẳng


𬂇

泣𪪈十二𬂇四時

Throughout a year, there's twelve months and four seasons


𠇕

佬乃齐云𠇕昼代

This guy's probably gotten crazy, right?

𪦸𠇕卢𬚯渴須芮
𫠯汨隼東𪥛沐漢

Lục pjạ lo slẩy khát tu rườn
Lồng thâng chốn đông luông moóc hán


𬌱

律𪫆𬌱𧣳𧣑


phjác

From Proto-Tai *praːkᴰ (“forehead”). Cognate with Lao ຜາກ (phāk), Thai ผาก (pàak), Shan ၽၢၵ်ႇ (phàak) (as in ၼႃႈၽၢၵ်ႇ (nāa phàak)).


mác vường

[maːk̚˧˥ vɨəŋ˧˨]

[maːk̚˦ wɨəŋ˩]

𱫺模枉良杭莬


noọng

From Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨶᩬ᩶ᨦ, Lao ນ້ອງ (nǭng), Lü ᦓᦸᧂᧉ (noang²), Tai Dam ꪙ꫁ꪮꪉ, Shan ၼွင်ႉ (nâ̰ung), Ahom 𑜃𑜨𑜂𑜫 (noṅ), Bouyei nuangx, Zhuang nuengx, nongx, Thai น้อง (nɔ́ɔng).


chại

pài chại


chả bốc

[caː˨˩˧ ɓəwk͡p̚˧˥]

[caː˨˦ ɓəwk͡p̚˦]


chả châm

[caː˨˩˧ cəm˧˥]


chả dỏm

[caː˨˩˧ zɔm˨˩˧]

[caː˨˦ jɔm˨˦]


chả nặm

[caː˨˩˧ nam˧˨ʔ]


chá lác

[caː˧˥ laːk̚˧˥]

Vài lằn chá lác.

The buffalos roll downhill with the landslide.


chai na̱n

chai na̱n pây tàng

phiến chai na̱n hết công


fặc đeng

[fak̚˧˨ʔ ɗɛŋ˧˥]

[vak̚˩˧ ɗɛŋ˦]


fặt fầy

[fat̚˧˨ʔ fəj˧˨]


mừ

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːᴬ (“hand”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾᩨ, Lao ມື (mư̄), Lü ᦙᦹ (mue), Tai Dam ꪣꪳ, Shan မိုဝ်း (múe), Aiton မိုဝ် (müw), Ahom 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (müw), Zhuang mwz, Saek มื๊อ, Thai มือ (mʉʉ).

mừ căm mừ

勿保过𠴙摩𫢋法

sloong mừ khẩu


đâu coong

[ɗəw˧˧ kɔŋ˧˥]

[ɗəw˦˥ kɔŋ˦]


bjoóc

𫇥 (CJK)
bjooc (alternative)
bioóc (alternative)

From Proto-Tai *ɓloːkᴰ (“flower”). Cognate with Northern Thai ᨯᩬᨠ, Lao ດອກ (dǭk), Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹), Tai Dam ꪚꪮꪀ, ꪒꪮꪀ, Shan မွၵ်ႇ (màuk), ဝွၵ်ႇ (wàuk), Tai Nüa ᥛᥩᥐᥱ (mǒak), Phake မွက် (mok), Ahom 𑜉𑜨𑜀𑜫 (mok), 𑜈𑜨𑜀𑜫 (bok), Nong Zhuang ndog, Thai ดอก (dɔ̀ɔk).

Lü ᦡᦸᧅᧈ (ḋoak¹)

Coóc mạy oóc bjoóc.

bít bjoóc

Bjoóc mạ phông nả đán ru̱ng lường.

Bjoóc mạ flowers bloom splendidly on the cliff.


a lùa

[ʔaː˧˧ luə˧˨]

[ʔaː˦˥ luə˩]

From a (“younger sister”) + lùa (“daughter-in-law”)

com

Cần nẩy le̱ a lùa ỏi!

paternal aunt-in-law, father's younger brother's wife


a sliên

[ʔaː˧˧ ɬiən˧˥]

[ʔaː˦˥ θiən˦]


a lản

[ʔaː˧˧ laːn˨˩˧]

[ʔaː˦˥ laːn˨˦]


slao

From Proto-Tai *saːwᴬ (“unmarried woman”). Cognate with Lao ສາວ (sāo), Lü ᦉᦱᧁ (ṡaaw), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥝᥲ (sàaw), Shan သၢဝ် (sǎao), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪫ, Ahom 𑜏𑜧 (saw), 𑜏𑜨𑜧 (sow), 𑜏𑜧𑜤 (sawu), 𑜏𑜧𑜈𑜫 (saww), or 𑜏𑜦𑜡 (sō), Zhuang sau, Thai สาว (sǎao).


qua bươn slí

[kwaː˧˧ ɓɨən˧˥ ɬi˧˥]

[kwaː˦˥ ɓɨən˦ θi˦]

Possibly from the fact that cucumbers are typically planted Mid-April.


qua tồng

[kwaː˧˧ təwŋ͡m˧˨]

[kwaː˦˥ dʱəwŋ͡m˩]


quác đáng

[kwaːk̚˧˥ ɗaːŋ˧˥]

[kwaːk̚˦ ɗaːŋ˦]

pityriasis versicolor
pityriasis versicolor


chỉa chèn

[ciə˨˩˧ cɛn˧˨]


hai mồn

Alternative form of hai mần (“full moon”)


cốp cáng chin hai

cốp + cáng + chin + hai, literally "frog eats the moon".

côp cáng kin hai (alternative)
côp cáng chin hai (alternative)


cốp cáng chin tha vằn

[kop̚˧˥ kaːŋ˧˥ cin˧˥ tʰaː˧˧ van˧˨]

cốp + cáng + chin + tha vằn, literally "frog eats the sun".


ảng

tu ảng

lọm ảng


muốc

Mu chin muốc sloong làng, càng mu măng.

The pig eats two troughs of bran, and its cheeks are fat.


kẻm

From Proto-Tai *keːmꟲ (“cheek”). Cognate with Thai แก้ม (gɛ̂ɛm), Northern Thai ᨠᩯ᩠᩶ᨾ, Lao ແກ້ມ (kǣm), Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²), Shan ၵႅမ်ႈ (kēm), Ahom 𑜀𑜧𑜪 (kawṃ), Zhuang gemj, Bouyei jeemc.

cog

Lü ᦶᦂᧄᧉ (k̇aem²)


muổi

Hên moòng chin mác muổi

The civet cat eats a Gnetum gnemon fruit


muột hang

[muət̚˧˨ʔ haːŋ˧˥]

[muət̚˩˧ haːŋ˦]

chồm muột hang


áo a

[ʔaːw˧˥ ʔaː˧˧]

[ʔaːw˦ ʔaː˦˥]

sloong áo a


áo khươi

[ʔaːw˧˥ kʰɨəj˧˧]

[ʔaːw˦ kʰɨəj˦˥]

one's paternal aunt's husband; uncle-in-law


mút fầy

Au phén khát mà pẳn hết mút fầy


mừ rì

Dá đảy hết cần mừ rì.


mừa nả

[mɨə˧˨ naː˨˩˧]

[mɨə˩ naː˨˦]

念香斉𪫆𫖂

One needs to go in the front when reciting [the Buddha's words] and holding the incense

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see mừa, nả.

đây mừa nả


mu̱m

mu̱m tải càng

nẳng lụp mu̱m


muô̱ng

From Proto-Tai *mwɯːŋᴮ. Cognate with Northern Thai ᨾ᩠ᩅ᩵ᨦ, Khün ᨾ᩠ᩅ᩵ᨦ, Lao ມ່ວງ (mūang), Lü ᦷᦙᧂᧈ (mong¹), Tai Dam ꪣ꪿ꪺꪉ, Thai ม่วง (mûuang).

cốc muông

mác muông

󰝧凍䓝爲伏


mừ phưa

[mɨ˧˨ pʰɨə˧˧]

[mɨ˩ pʰɨə˦˥]


mưn

Hả xiên mưn


mư̱n

đin mư̱n bên


mư̱n mọt

[mɨn˩˩ mɔt̚˧˨ʔ]

[mɨn˧ mɔt̚˩˧]


mươi khao

[mɨəj˧˧ kʰaːw˧˧]

[mɨəj˦˥ kʰaːw˦˥]

Mươi khao lồng đảng lai.


xao

From Proto-Tai *krwaːwᴬ (“spider”). Cognate with Zhuang gyau.

rằng xao


nà tốc thắn

[naː˧˨ təwk͡p̚˧˥ tʰan˧˥]

From nà (“rice field”) + tốc thắn (“stairs”).


na̱

From Proto-Tai *naːꟲ (“mother's younger sibling”). Cognate with Lao ນ້າ (nā), Northern Thai ᨶ᩶ᩣ, Shan ၼႃႉ (nâ̰a), Ahom 𑜃𑜡𑜠 (nāa), Thai น้า (náa).

inh

Na̱ lan pây đuổi căn

The child and his maternal aunt go out together.

hết na̱

氏良𠮶𪦸[⿱内小]切賒
内親仍[⿰女米]妸芮[⿱罒下]
娜噲[⿰悲去]朴許妸都

Thị Lương gạ lủc nọi xiết xa:
Nội thân nhằng mẻ à rườn tẩư
Nả gỏi pây phác hẩư à đu

Thi Luong told her kid:
"Your father's relatives has an aunt in the harem,
I will send you there so she can help you."


cằn mương

[kan˧˨ mɨəŋ˧˥]

[gʱan˩ mɨəŋ˦]

哈呷垠汒𫵄地蓋
嘔欺獵淰能云𫡱

Ọp ẹp gằn mương eng tịa cải
Khù khì liểp nặm nớng vần soong


nả phjác

[naː˨˩˧ pʰʲaːk̚˧˥]

[naː˨˦ pʰʲaːk̚˦]

nả phjác rôộng

𫊹間执𫖂博

The snail crawls and lands on the forehead.


nả pi̱

[naː˨˩˧ pi˩˩]

From nả (“face; side”) + pi̱ (“older sibling”).

com

a government position in pre-1945 Vietnamese communes and hamlets.


nả táng

[naː˨˩˧ taːŋ˧˥]

[naː˨˦ taːŋ˦]

From nả (“face; side”) + táng (“window; own”).

旼晾[]𫖂祥𪢱斋
劄傳尸曾来[⿰斤人]盯

Vằn goẹng giú nả táng thư trai
Chép toẹn se tằng lai gần đếnh

On an empty day, I sat by the window of the book room,
I wrote stories down so they can read by many people.

[⿰土首][]忍橈來埔册
𫖂祥[⿰火弄]浪四𤖶𦎛

Thua nòn nhộn nhạo lai pho xéc
Nả táng rủng roàng sí piếng cương

The side of the bed was messy with a lot of books,
[While] the windows shine through all of its four grids.

(literally) surface of a window; front of a window; by window

Slửa đăm oóc nả táng pjạc căn

They wore indigo shirts, went to the end of the lane and broke up.


na̱n

hết công me̱n na̱n

吟低否叭𫆉𣅃𪾦招免难

Gằm đây bấu khảu xu, viủc lừ chàu mẻn nản.

Turn a deaf ear on wise words and you will be in trouble sooner or latter.


nạn kép

[naːn˧˨ʔ kɛp̚˧˥]


nạn cẩy

[naːn˧˨ʔ kəj˨˩˧]


nàng ới

[naːŋ˧˨ ʔəːj˧˥]

[naːŋ˩ ʔəːj˦]

a kind of folk music by Tày - Nùng people


slặt

bẳn slặt

cạ slặt


slấc

cọn slấc Mị

ke pện slấc


slấc dạc

[ɬək̚˧˥ zaːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[θək̚˦ jaːk̚˩˧]

tộng slấc dạc


slấc ké

[ɬək̚˧˥ kɛ˧˥]


slâm

au bâư slâm mà bưa pja


nà cha̱o

From nà (“paddy field”) + cha̱o (“to reclaim”).


nà chằm

From nà (“paddy field”) + chằm (“marsh; mud”).


nà che̱

[naː˧˨ cɛ˩˩]

From nà (“paddy field”) + che̱ (“to soak; submerge”).


nà lẹng

[naː˧˨ lɛŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naː˩ lɛŋ˩˧]

From nà (“paddy field”) + lẹng (“drought”).


nà pàn

From nà (“paddy field”) + pàn (“side of a hill”).


nả ấc

[naː˨˩˧ ʔək̚˧˥]

[naː˨˦ ʔək̚˦]


nả fạ

[naː˨˩˧ faː˧˨ʔ]

[naː˨˦ vaː˩˧]

nả fạ kheo bích


nả khát

[naː˨˩˧ kʰaːt̚˧˥]

[naː˨˦ kʰaːt̚˦]


nả khăm

[naː˨˩˧ kʰam˧˥]


nả khỏi

[naː˨˩˧ kʰɔj˨˩˧]

[naː˨˦ kʰɔj˨˦]


nả khuyết

[naː˨˩˧ kʰwiət̚˧˥]

tụp nả khuyết chếp hua kháu


nả noọng

[naː˨˩˧ nɔŋ˧˨ʔ]

[naː˨˦ nɔŋ˩˧]


nài slâư

[naːj˧˨ ɬəɯ˧˧]

[naːj˩ θəɯ˦˥]

Hăn cần chin mác slổm le nài slâư khửn.

When I see people eating sour fruits, I drool my saliva.


nào me̱

head

nào me̱ (鐃⿰女米)

tyz-noun

nào me̱ (鐃⿰女米)

[naːw˧˨ mɛ˩˩]


nào po̱

[naːw˧˨ pɔ˩˩]


slưa

Compare Thai เสือ (sʉ̌ʉa), Northern Thai ᩈᩮᩬᩥᩋ, Lao ເສືອ (sư̄a), Khün ᩈᩮᩬᩧ, Lü ᦵᦉᦲ (ṡoe), Tai Dam ꪹꪎ, Shan သိူဝ် (sǒe), Tai Nüa ᥔᥫᥴ (sóe), Aiton ꩬိုဝ် (süw), Ahom 𑜏𑜢𑜤𑜈𑜫 (süw) or 𑜏𑜥 (sū), Proto-Be *ʑuaᴬ¹.

cog

Lü ᦵᦉᦲ (ṡoe)


sluôn

Inherited from Proto-Tai *swɯːnᴬ, from Middle Chinese 園 (MC hjwon). Cognate with Thai สวน (sǔuan), Lao ສວນ (sūan), Northern Thai ᩈ᩠ᩅᩁ, Lü ᦷᦉᧃ (ṡon), Tai Dam ꪎꪺꪙ, Tai Dón ꪎꪺꪙ, Shan သူၼ် (sǔun), Ahom 𑜏𑜤𑜃𑜫 (sun), Zhuang suen.

Lü ᦷᦉᧃ (ṡon)


đin

Inherited from Proto-Tai *ɗinᴬ. from Middle Chinese 塵 (MC drin). Cognate with Thai ดิน (din), Northern Thai ᨯᩥ᩠ᨶ, Lao ດິນ (din), Lü ᦡᦲᧃ (ḋiin), Shan လိၼ် (lǐn), Tai Dam ꪒꪲꪙ, Ahom 𑜓𑜢𑜃𑜫 (din), Bouyei ndinl, Zhuang ndin.


ca nặm

Ca nặm pắt pja.


nặm tha

[nam˧˨ʔ tʰaː˧˧]


fầy phi

[fəj˧˨ pʰi˧˧]


phôn

From Proto-Tai *C̥.wɯnᴬ (“rain”). Cognate with Thai ฝน (fǒn), Northern Thai ᨺᩫ᩠ᨶ, Lao ຝົນ (fon), Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun), Tai Dam ꪶꪠꪙ, Shan ၽူၼ် (phǔun) or ၾူၼ် (fǔun), Ahom 𑜇𑜤𑜃𑜫 (phun), Zhuang fwn, Nong Zhuang paen, Tai Do phốn, Saek หวึ่น. Compare Sui fenl (“rain”), Southern Kam bienl (“rain”).

Lü ᦚᦳᧃ (ḟun)


củng

From Proto-Tai *kuŋᴮ/ꟲ (“shrimp”). Cognate with Thai กุ้ง (gûng), Lao ກຸ້ງ (kung), Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²), Tai Dam ꪀꪴ꫁ꪉ (kung3), Tai Dón ꪶꪀꪉꫂ (kung3), Shan ၵုင်ႈ (kūng), Tai Nüa ᥐᥨᥒᥲ (kòng), Phake ကုင် (kuṅ), Ahom 𑜀𑜤𑜂𑜫 (kuṅ), Zhuang gungq, Zuojiang Zhuang gungj, Saek กุง.

Lü ᦂᦳᧂᧉ (k̇ung²)


puồng

a bunch, a cluster (usually that of fruits)


tẩư fạ

[təɯ˨˩˧ faː˧˨ʔ]

[təɯ˨˦ vaː˩˧]


fạ roọng

[faː˧˨ʔ rɔŋ˧˨ʔ]

[vaː˩˧ rɔŋ˩˧]


đúc slẻ

[ɗʊwk͡p̚˧˥ ɬɛ˨˩˧]

[ɗʊwk͡p̚˦ θɛ˨˦]


xa làn

pọ xa làn


xạ

Ultimately from Chinese 社 (MC dzyaeX, “society, village”). See xã.

Hết xạ chắng lụ lọa slon slư

to only awkwardly go to school when becoming an elder


xải

chin xái


ác è

[ʔaːk̚˧˥ ʔɛ˧˨]

[ʔaːk̚˦ ʔɛ˩]

Tu ác è ơi cá vằn dú pài rườn.

The gecko chirps all day long on the house roof.


oóc áy

[ʔɔk̚˧˥ ʔaj˧˥]

[ʔɔk̚˦ ʔaj˦]

Ăn oóc áy dú đâư búc bẩu.

Kin oóc áy mò cắp mí.


ản

chỉa án

paper on which a sentence or judgement is written

quan luông án


ấc

From Proto-Tai *ʔɤkᴰ (“chest”), from Old Chinese 臆 (OC *qɯɡ). Cognate with Northern Thai ᩋᩫ᩠ᨠ, Isan เอิก, Lao ອົກ (ʼok) or ເອິກ (ʼœk), Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek), Ahom 𑜒𑜤𑜀𑜫 (ʼuk, “breast”), Zhuang aek, Thai อก (òk). Compare Proto-Be *ʔukᴰ¹ and Vietnamese ức.

Shan ဢိုၵ်း (ʼúek)

chếp ấc

đảy păn ám ấc


ba minh

[ɓaː˧˧ mïŋ˧˥]

[ɓaː˦˥ mïŋ˦]

Au ba minh tào hin.


ngạ ba

[ŋaː˧˨ʔ ɓaː˧˧]

[ŋaː˩˧ ɓaː˦˥]


我𠀧

伩跒沃垱押我𠀧

Lift one's legs and venture to where roads meet

Nôm form of ngạ ba (“three-way intersection; fork”).


bả mu

[ɓaː˨˩˧ mu˧˧]

[ɓaː˨˦ mu˦˥]

pền bả mu


ngà bá

[ŋaː˧˨ ɓaː˧˥]

(figurative) a great amount of something


莪伯

宴退了推軍送妸
軍国如莪伯𬟼𬠫

Yến thôi lểu xoi quân sống á
Quân quốc như ngà bá mẩt mèng

After the feast, [he] sent the troops to escort her home
The troops are numerous like ants and bees

Nôm form of ngà bá (“spilled sesame; multitude”).


bạc pả

[ɓaːk̚˧˨ʔ paː˨˩˧]

[ɓaːk̚˩˧ paː˨˦]

From bạc (“paternal uncle”) + pả (“paternal aunt”).

com

Bạc pả mì rèng chầy lá.

paternal uncle and aunt, father's elder siblings


bản co̱n

[ɓaːn˨˩˧ kɔn˩˩]

[ɓaːn˨˦ gʱɔn˧]

fiệc bản co̱n

villages and hamlets (generally speaking)


báo đông

[ɓaːw˧˥ ɗəwŋ͡m˧˥]

[ɓaːw˦ ɗəwŋ͡m˦]

Presumably from báo (“boy”) + đông (“forest”).


báo léo

[ɓaːw˧˥ lɛw˧˥]

Hò tỉ pền báo léo dá.


bát đíp

[ɓaːt̚˧˥ ɗip̚˧˥]

[ɓaːt̚˦ ɗip̚˦]


bắc đẩn

[ɓak̚˧˥ ɗən˨˩˧]

[ɓak̚˦ ɗən˨˦]


bẳm

pja bẳm

bẳm nghiều

kềm bặng bẳm


bặp

chin bặp


bẩu

la̱m bẩu khảu

dú tềnh bẩu


bẩu

bẩu khôm

bẩu van


𬡞

还諸及还󲁯九𬡞


bâư khẻ

[ɓəɯ˧˧ kʰɛ˨˩˧]

[ɓəɯ˦˥ kʰɛ˨˦]

From bâư (“leaf”) + khẻ, the latter ultimately from Chinese 契.


bẩư

bẩư pja


bất rẹo

[ɓət̚˧˥ rɛw˧˨ʔ]

[ɓət̚˦ rɛw˩˧]

a trap for birds, consisting of a fishing rod and a trigger for lassos


鈈妙

󱷒鮅速㳥威困𬦹
雞東揌鈈妙困亲

Pya tất tốc roòng vai khổn tẻo
Cáy đông tầư bất riẹo khổn thân

A hoven's carp once fallen into a weir cannot return
A wild chicken once hit by a bird trap cannot go back


bi bốc

[ɓi˧˧ ɓəwk͡p̚˧˥]

[ɓi˦˥ ɓəwk͡p̚˦]

bâư bi bốc


bắp làng

[ɓap̚˧˥ laːŋ˧˨]

[ɓap̚˦ laːŋ˩]

tụp bát nưng khẩu bắp làng


bâm

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Vietic *ɓəm (“tray”).

bâm mạy chinh

bâm choòng

kin khẩu luôm bâm đeo

Alternative form of bôm (Classifier: bẳng)


bjoóc mạ

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ maː˧˨ʔ]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ maː˩˧]

a type of wild woody plant that blooms during spring


bjoóc nát

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ naːt̚˧˥]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ naːt̚˦]

From bjoóc (“flower”) + nát (“Melastoma candidum”).

Melastoma candidum, used to symbolize worthlessness and cowardice


𫇥馬

春天節𫇥馬㶲烺
論句傳仁陵𪦸奇

Xuân thiên tiết bjoóc mạ ru̱ng rường
lâ̱n câu toẹn Nhân Lăng lục cá


tu bjoóc

[tu˧˧ ɓʲɔk̚˧˥]

[tu˦˥ ɓʲɔk̚˦]


修𫇥

隊娘湄天家修𫇥


花㳌

朋朋歆花㳌香葱


bjoóc coi

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ kɔj˧˧]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ kɔj˦˥]

From bjoóc (“flower”) + coi (“rose tree”).


bjoóc ngần

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ ŋən˧˨]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ ŋən˩]

From bjoóc (“flower”) + ngần (“silver; hibiscus”).


bjoóc ve

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ vɛ˧˧]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ wɛ˦˥]

From bjoóc (“flower”) + ve (“hibiscus”).


bjoóc ngậu

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ ŋəw˧˨ʔ]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ ŋəw˩˧]

From bjoóc (“flower”) + ngậu (“lotus plant”).


búc bẩu

[ɓʊwk͡p̚˧˥ ɓəw˨˩˧]

[ɓʊwk͡p̚˦ ɓəw˨˦]


pja be

[pʲaː˧˧ ɓɛ˧˧]

[pʲaː˦˥ ɓɛ˦˥]


boóc

boóc mạy

boóc khẩu lam

boóc thúa kheo

tube, can, specifically one for measuring rice and beans around one catty

Au kỉ boóc?

Tua mạ kin hả boóc khẩu coóc.


boóc cân

[ɓɔk̚˧˥ kən˧˥]

[ɓɔk̚˦ kən˦]

a can used to measure rice, beans, corn weighing about one catty


bỏm bò

[ɓɔm˨˩˧ ɓɔ˧˨]


coóc bẻ

[kɔk̚˧˥ ɓɛ˨˩˧]

[kɔk̚˦ ɓɛ˨˦]


bể bốc

[ɓe˨˩˧ ɓəwk͡p̚˧˥]

[ɓe˨˦ ɓəwk͡p̚˦]


boỏng

boỏng mạy lịa

boỏng tàng

boỏng tơ̱i


boỏng pjạ

[ɓɔŋ˨˩˧ pʲaː˧˨ʔ]

[ɓɔŋ˨˦ bʱʲaː˩˧]


𱑼

模桃仙娘達𱑼𱛅


bôm toòng

[ɓom˧˥ tɔŋ˧˨]

[ɓom˦ dʱɔŋ˩]


binh bút

[ɓïŋ˧˥ ɓut̚˧˥]

[ɓïŋ˦ ɓut̚˦]


bung bút

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˧˥ ɓut̚˧˥]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˦ ɓut̚˦]

Tua bung bút kin khỉ.


slắc bó

[ɬak̚˧˥ ɓɔ˧˥]


pja bó

[pʲaː˧˧ ɓɔ˧˥]

[pʲaː˦˥ ɓɔ˦]


𱣩

除乃𲁂𱍲𱣩𬡞買


bủi

bủi mác pục


bủng bút

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧ ɓut̚˧˥]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦ ɓut̚˦]


pja bú

[pʲaː˧˧ ɓu˧˥]

[pʲaː˦˥ ɓu˦]

tua pja bú chính


khuôn búa

[kʰuən˧˥ ɓuə˧˥]

[kʰuən˦ ɓuə˦]


bủng búa

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧ ɓuə˧˥]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦ ɓuə˦]

From bủng (“water spinach”) + búa (“tube; pipe”).


bủng nặm

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧ nam˧˨ʔ]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦ nam˩˧]

From bủng (“water spinach”) + nặm (“water”).


mằn bủng

[man˧˨ ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧]

[man˩ ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦]


khuôn buốt

[kʰuən˧˥ ɓuət̚˧˥]

[kʰuən˦ ɓuət̚˦]


buôi

From an earlier form of Vietnamese muôi.


non bủng

[nɔn˧˥ ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧]

[nɔn˦ ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦]

Nhăm tua non bủng, kha phoọc khẩn.

Step on a tea tussock moth and your legs will swell up.


bủng đông

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˩˧ ɗəwŋ͡m˧˥]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˨˦ ɗəwŋ͡m˦]


bưởng

From Proto-Tai *C̥.bɯəŋꟲ (“side”). Cognate with Lao ເບື້ອງ (bư̄ang), Zhuang mbiengj, Thai เบื้อง (bʉ̂ʉang).

bưởng xảng

bưởng lăng

bưởng đâư, bưởng noọc

tằng sloong bưởng

bưởng bắc

mưn bưởng


bươn chiêng

[ɓɨən˧˥ ciəŋ˧˥]

[ɓɨən˦ ciəŋ˦]


𬂇征

𬂇征徒𣖙壘𬂇二徒𣖙派

Bươn chiêng tò mạy lị, bươn nhi̱ tò mạy phai

On the first lunar month, [one] gathers trees [to make] fences; on the second lunar month, [one] gathers trees [to make] dams

Nôm form of bươn chiêng (“first lunar month of a year”).


bươn ết

[ɓɨən˧˥ ʔet̚˧˥]

[ɓɨən˦ ʔet̚˦]


bươn nhi̱

[ɓɨən˧˥ ɲi˩˩]


𬂇二

𬂇征徒𣖙壘𬂇二徒𣖙派


bươn lạp

head

bươn lạp (班臘, 𬂇腊)

tyz-noun

bươn lạp (班臘, 𬂇腊)

[ɓɨən˧˥ laːp̚˧˨ʔ]

[ɓɨən˦ laːp̚˩˧]


班臘

考光󰋕班臘

Khảo quang flowers bloom on the twelfth lunar month

Nôm form of bươn lạp (“a year's twelfth lunar month”).


𬂇腊

务春少𫖂𱣨棟皇
𬂇腊來𫡯𪜘北宮

Mùa xuân siểu nả lồm đông hoáng
Bươn lảp lai giàu phả bắc cung


bươn nhuâ̱n

[ɓɨən˧˥ ɲwən˩˩]

[ɓɨən˦ ɲwən˧]

From bươn (“month”) + nhuâ̱n (“intercalary”).


bưa

bưa pẻng

mác bưa (lẩu)

bưa cao

bưa nua

bưa chăm


bưa

Cognate with Isan บัว, Lao ບົວ (būa), Northern Thai ᨷ᩠ᩅᩫ, Khün ᨷ᩠ᩅᩫ, Lü ᦷᦢ (ḃo), Tai Dam ꪚꪺ, Shan မူဝ် (mǒ), ဝူဝ် (wǒ), Phake မုဝ် (muw), Ahom 𑜈𑜥 (bū), Thai บัว (buua).


bút bú

[ɓut̚˧˥ ɓu˧˥]


buốc

buốc nặm lậc

buốc quang


𫁰

𧈺哙扒称𫁰𱸆𫰤質

Grasshoppers will be caged in bamboo pipes created by my mom


búng fạ

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˧˥ faː˧˨ʔ]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˦ vaː˩˧]

From búng (“region; place”) + fạ (“sky”).


búng slung

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˧˥ ɬʊwŋ͡m˧˥]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˦ θʊwŋ͡m˦]

From búng (“region; spot”) + slung (“high”).


búng tô̱ng nà

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˧˥ təwŋ͡m˩˩ naː˧˨]

[ɓʊwŋ͡m˦ dʱəwŋ͡m˧ naː˩]

From búng (“region; spot”) + tô̱ng nà (“plain”).


bjoóc bửa

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ ɓɨə˨˩˧]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ ɓɨə˨˦]

a species of bindweed with white flowers


mác bửa

[maːk̚˧˥ ɓɨə˨˩˧]

[maːk̚˦ ɓɨə˨˦]

From mác (“fruit”) + bửa, the latter cognate with Vietnamese bứa.


bươn slíp

[ɓɨən˧˥ ɬip̚˧˥]

[ɓɨən˦ θip̚˦]


bươn sloong

[ɓɨən˧˥ ɬɔŋ˧˥]

[ɓɨən˦ θɔŋ˦]


bươn slam

[ɓɨən˧˥ ɬaːm˧˥]

[ɓɨən˦ θaːm˦]


𬂇三

𫇥考結𬂇三

Khảo flowers bloom on the third lunar month

Nôm form of bươn slam (“a year's third lunar month”).


班三

𫇥𫰇󰋕班三速呂

My flower blooms late in the third lunar month


bẳng bươn

[ɓaŋ˨˩˧ ɓɨən˧˥]

[ɓaŋ˨˦ ɓɨən˦]


bươn coòng

[ɓɨən˧˥ kɔŋ˧˨]

[ɓɨən˦ gʱɔŋ˩]

From bươn (“month”) + coòng (“to wait”).


ca cào

The second element is cognate with Bouyei waauz as well as the second syllable of Zhuang vumzvauz, Thai ค้างคาว (káang-kaao) and Lao ຄ້າງຄາວ (khāng khāo).

ca hào (alternative)
ca vào (alternative)

Ca cào chin mác pái.

Tua ca cào đăm chắng bân.


ca đác

[kaː˧˧ ɗaːk̚˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ɗaːk̚˦]

chạn bặng ca đác

Đâư đông bố mì kỉ tua ca đác.


ca đáng

[kaː˧˧ ɗaːŋ˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ ɗaːŋ˦]


ca đăm

[kaː˧˧ ɗam˧˥]


ca pát

[kaː˧˧ paːt̚˧˥]

The second element is cognate with Thai ปาด (bpàat).


ca rạc

[kaː˧˧ raːk̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ raːk̚˩˧]


ca rệp

[kaː˧˧ rep̚˧˨ʔ]


ca rộc

[kaː˧˧ rəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

[kaː˦˥ rəwk͡p̚˩˧]

Me ca rộc, lục nàng tiên.


𪲾

垱𪥛保𫨰条祿𪲾

Even on the main streets, bushes of thatch grass can grow when unused


𬞢

条𥿯近条𬞢


ca noóng

[kaː˧˧ nɔŋ˧˥]

[kaː˦˥ nɔŋ˦]

ca noóng kha

ca noóng mừng

anterior side of a joint, namely the elbow pit or the hock


lằng ca

[laŋ˧˨ kaː˧˧]


ca mèo

[kaː˧˧ mɛw˧˨]


mác ca

[maːk̚˧˥ kaː˧˧]

From mác (“fruit”) + ca (“Oroxylum indicum”).


khẩu ca

[kʰəw˨˩˧ kaː˧˧]

[kʰəw˨˦ kaː˦˥]

a species of late rice consisting of grains of different colors


pja cá

[pʲaː˧˧ kaː˧˥]

[pʲaː˦˥ kaː˦]


cà rìa

[kaː˧˨ riə˧˨]


khẩu cạ

[kʰəw˨˩˧ kaː˧˨ʔ]

[kʰəw˨˦ gʱaː˩˧]


nộc hang cạ

[nəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ haːŋ˧˥ kaː˧˨ʔ]

[nəwk͡p̚˩˧ haːŋ˦ gʱaː˩˧]


pja cài

[pʲaː˧˧ kaːj˧˨]

[pʲaː˦˥ gʱaːj˩]


mác cại

[maːk̚˧˥ kaːj˧˨ʔ]

mác cại mí

mác cại khảm

mác cại lái


khẩu cại rây

[kʰəw˨˩˧ kaːj˧˨ʔ rəj˧˧]

[kʰəw˨˦ gʱaːj˩˧ rəj˦˥]


cáy khướng

[kaj˧˥ kʰɨəŋ˧˥]

[kaj˦ kʰɨəŋ˦]

From cáy (“chicken”) + khướng (“young female”).


cáy thướn

[kaj˧˥ tʰɨən˧˥]

From cáy (“chicken”) + thướn (“forest”).


cáy bản

[kaj˧˥ ɓaːn˨˩˧]


cáy bjoóc mặn

[kaj˧˥ ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ man˧˨ʔ]

From cáy (“chicken”) + bjoóc mặn (“plum”).


cáy đeng

[kaj˧˥ ɗɛŋ˧˥]


bjoóc mặn

[ɓʲɔk̚˧˥ man˧˨ʔ]

[ɓʲɔk̚˦ man˩˧]


cáy mền

cáy mừn (alternative)
cáy mần (alternative)

a species of chicken with spiky feathers


cam slành

[kaːm˧˥ ɬajŋ̟˧˨]

From cam (“orange”) + slành, the latter borrowed from Vietnamese sành.


cam chỉa

[kaːm˧˥ ciə˨˩˧]


cáy khoa

From cáy (“chicken”) + khoa, the latter being a variant of sloa.

tua cáy khoa khao

Tua cáy khoa mì hang lì


cáy nà

Tua cáy nà bố mì thang.


hon cáy

From hon (“comb (of a chicken)”) + cáy (“chicken”). Cognate with Thai หงอนไก่ (ngɔ̌ɔn-gài).

bjoóc hon cáy


lịn cáy

From lịn (“tongue”) + cáy (“chicken”). Literally, “chicken's tongue”.


phi cáy

From phi (“ghost”) + cáy (“chicken”). Compare Vietnamese ma gà.

chicken ghost; a malicious spirit that follows attractive women around in Tày-Nùng folklore


pác cáy

From pác (“mouth”) + cáy (“chicken”). Literally, “chicken's mouth”.

pác cáy lằm slủng


thang cáy

[tʰaːŋ˧˥ kaj˧˥]

From thang (“tail”) + cáy (“chicken”). Literally, “chicken's tail”.

a lock of hair protruding from behind the turban that's typically found in Tày men


pích cáy

[pïk̟̚˧˥ kaj˧˥]

From pích (“wing”) + cáy (“chicken”). Literally, “chicken's wing”.

a pair of rafters that forms a triangular truss together with pe bôn for support of the roof


cái hin

Thái Nguyên pây Hà Nội 80 cái hin.

From Thái Nguyên to Hà Nội is 80 kilometers.


cam tổng

[kaːm˧˥ təwŋ͡m˨˩˧]


cam lòn

From cam (“mouth ache”) + lòn (“to nibble”).


càm

xẩư sloong càm kha


càm

càm khêm


càn bết

[kaːn˧˨ ɓet̚˧˥]

From càn (“shaft; carrying pole”) + bết (“to fish”).


càn nặm

From càn (“shaft; carrying pole”) + nặm (“water”). Literally, “water-carrying pole”.

a shaft used to hold the teeth of a rake

Loà slảng lèo thư càn nặm.


càn sliểm

[kaːn˧˨ ɬiəm˨˩˧]

[gʱaːn˩ θiəm˨˦]

From càn (“shaft; carrying pole”) + sliểm (“pointy”).

a type of carrying pole with pointy ends for carrying bundles of wood or rice


pè can

[pɛ˧˨ kaːn˧˥]

a raft made from merging two smaller rafts


càn mạ

[kaːn˧˨ maː˧˨ʔ]


nộc cản toong

[nəwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ kaːn˨˩˧ tɔŋ˧˥]

[nəwk͡p̚˩˧ kaːn˨˦ tɔŋ˦]


cáng chà

[kaːŋ˧˥ caː˧˨]

From cáng (“branch”) + chà (“fallen; no longer attached to a tree”).


cáng lò

[kaːŋ˧˥ lɔ˧˨]


ca̱o

ca̱o nẩy

ca̱o lăng


pẻng cao

[pɛŋ˨˩˧ kaːw˧˧]

[pɛŋ˨˦ kaːw˦˥]

From pẻng + cao, from Chinese 餅 /饼 (bǐng) and Chinese 糕 (gāo), respectively.

a traditional pastry made by the Zhuang that spread to Tày-Nùng people


coóng cảo

[kɔŋ˧˥ kaːw˨˩˧]

[kɔŋ˦ kaːw˨˦]


phjắc cát

[pʰʲak̚˧˥ kaːt̚˧˥]

phjắc cát pó khẩu

cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

mằn phjắc cát

cabbage; mustard greens (Brassica oleracea)


lình căng

[lïŋ˧˨ kaŋ˧˥]


căng kìa

[kaŋ˧˥ kiə˧˨]


cắp pục

[kap̚˧˥ pʊwk͡p̚˧˨ʔ]

cắp pục chin đảy.


cắp pai

pước cắp pai