𒉀

Alternative form of 𒀭𒊺𒉀 (ᵈnisaba /Nisabak/)

NAGA-NAGA inversum = DALḪAMUN₇; AN.NAGA-(AN.NAGA inversum) = DALḪAMUN₅; AN.NAGA four times in cross shape = DALḪAMUN₄: "whirlwind"


𒌵

Alternative form of 𒌵𒆠 (uriᵏⁱ /Uri/, “Akkad”)


𒀭𒈹

ᵈinana (romanization)
Inanak (romanization)


𒀭𒅎

ᵈiškur (romanization)
Iškur (romanization)


𒀭𒌓

From 𒀭 (ᵈ) (determinative) + 𒌓 (utu, “sun-god”).


𒀭𒀀𒇉

River, river god (a river personified or deified)


𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠

From 𒆍 (ka₂, kan₄ /kan/, “gate”) + 𒀭𒊏 (dig̃ir-ra /dig̃irak/, “of god”) + 𒆠 (ᵏⁱ, determinative), literally “Gate of God”, Neo-Sumerian loan translation of the name of the city, interpreted by Akkadian speakers in what is likely a folk etymology as bāb (“gate”) + ilim (“of god”).


𒀭𒆘

ᵈalad (romanization)
alad (romanization)

From 𒀭 (ᵈ, determinative for deities) + 𒆘 (alad, “a type of spirit”).

Coordinate term: (female counterpart) 𒀭𒆗 (ᵈlammar /lammar/)

an alad spirit (a male tutelary deity, corresponding to the Akkadian šēdum)


𒀭𒂗𒆤

Enlil (the king of the gods of the Sumerian pantheon)


𒇶𒆠

arattaᵏⁱ (romanization)
Aratta (romanization)


𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣

→ Akkadian: 𒀀𒇉𒌓𒄒𒉣 (^(id₂)Purattu) (see there for further descendants)


𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼

desctree

→ Akkadian: 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (Idiglat)
→ Old Persian: 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎠 (Tigrā)
→ Ancient Greek: Τίγρης (Tígrēs), Τῐ́γρῐς (Tígris)
Greek: Τίγρης (Tígris), Τίγρητας (Tígritas)
→ Armenian: Տիգրիս (Tigris)
→ Latin: Tigris (see there for further descendants)
→ Elamite:
Achaemenid Elamite: 𒋾𒅅𒊏 (ti-ik-ra /Tikra/)
→ Aramaic: דיגלת (diḡlāṯ)
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܩܠܬ
Classical Syriac: ܕܩܠܬ (deqlāṯ)
→ Arabic: دِجْلَة (dijla)
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: Dîjla, Dîcle
→ Persian: دجله (dejle)
→ Azerbaijani: Dəclə
→ Bengali: দজলা (dojola)
→ Hindi: दजला (dajlā)
→ Punjabi: ਦਜਲਾ (dajlā)
→ Tatar: Diclä
→ Ottoman Turkish: دجله (Dicle)
Turkish: Dicle
→ Uzbek: Dajla
Old Armenian: Դգլաթ (Dglatʻ), Դգղաթ (Dgłatʻ)
→ Hebrew: חִדֶּקֶל (ḥiddéqel)
→ Latin: Diglitus
→ Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭢𐭫𐭲𐭩 (dglty)

Possibly from 𒀀𒇉 (id₂ /id/, “river”) + 𒉌 (i₃ /i/, finite prefix) + 𒁺 (g̃en, “went”) + 𒀀 (a /'a/, nominalising suffix), related to the Tigris River's speed and roughness compared against the Euphrates.


𒀱

head

𒀱 • (ᵈnisaba₂ written four times in a cross shape /Nisabak/)

A calligraphic representation of 𒀭𒉀 (ᵈnisaba₂ /Nisabak/) written in the form of a cross.


𒀭𒀫𒌓

ᵈamar-utu (romanization)
ᵈmarduk (romanization)
Marduk (romanization)

→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀫𒌓 (Marduk)

From 𒀭 (determinative for "god") + 𒀫 (amar, “calf”) + 𒌓 (utuk, “of the sun”), literally "calf of the sun" or "solar calf".


𒋚

Subartu (a region of upper Mesopotamia in the Bronze Age, which later came to be called Assyria.)


𒆠𒌵

ki-uri (romanization)
Kiuri (romanization)

𒆠𒂗𒄀 𒆠𒌵 ― ki-en-gi ki-uri /Kengir Kiuri/ ― Sumer and Akkad


𒆠𒂗𒄀

ki-en-gi (romanization)
Kengir (romanization)

Interpreted to mean "country of the noble lords," from 𒆠 (“country”) + 𒂗 (“lords”) + 𒄀 (“noble”). More at Sumer.


𒋀𒀕𒆠

Unknown. Some see a phonetic similarity with Proto-Dravidian *ūr (“village, habitation”) but it's a false cognate.

cog

Ur (city in southern Mesopotamia, cult centre of 𒀭𒋀𒆠 (ᵈnanna /Nanna/))


𒀕

Alternative form of 𒀕𒆠 (unugᵏⁱ /unug/, “Uruk”)


𒀕𒆠

unugᵏⁱ (romanization)
Unug (romanization)

אֶרֶךְ ארך#Hebrew

وَرْكاء وركاء#Arabic

Uruk (city in southern Mesopotamia, cult center of Anu and Inanak; אֶרֶךְ (ʾérek̠) in the Bible, modern وَرْكاء (warkāʔ), in Iraq)


𒂍𒐐

From 𒂍 (e₂, “house”) + 𒐐 (ninnu, “of the fifty (me)”).

compound

E-ninnu (the temple of Ning̃irsuk in G̃irsu)


𒄈𒋢𒆠

G̃irsu (a Sumerian town within the city-state of Lagash, northwest of Lagash, modern Tell Telloh)


𒀭𒎏𒄈𒋢

From 𒎏 (nin, “Lord”) + 𒄈𒋢 (g̃ir₂-su /g̃irsuk/, “of G̃irsu”), with determinative for deities 𒀭 (ᵈ).

Ningirsu (chief male god of the Lagaš state)


𒂍𒀭𒈾

From 𒂍 (e₂ /e/, “house”) + 𒀭𒈾 (an-na /anak/, “of heaven”).


𒂗𒆤𒆠

nibruᵏⁱ (romanization)
Nibru (romanization)

From 𒂗𒆤 (Nibru, “Nippur”), written the same as 𒀭𒂗𒆤 (ᵈen-lil₂ /Enlil/, “Enlil”) but followed by the determinative for place names 𒆠 (ᵏⁱ).

Nippur (city of the great chief god Enlil)


𒂍𒆳

From 𒂍 (e₂ /e/, “house”) + 𒆳 (kur, “mountain”), literally “mountain house”.

Ekur (Sumerian shrine complex thought to be the place where the assembly of the gods took place. It's the Sumerian equivalent of the Greek Mount Olympus)


𒀭𒁀𒌑

Bau (healing and fertility goddess, daughter of Anu, wife of Ning̃irsuk)


𒌨𒀭𒇉

ur-ᵈnamma (romanization)
Ur-Nammak (romanization)

Ur-Nammak (Sumerian king, founder of the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, famous for his law-code)


𒋀𒀊

Alternative form of 𒋀𒀕𒆠 (urim₂ᵏⁱ /Urim/)


𒌋𒁯

ašdar (romanization)
Ištar (romanization)


𒀭𒀀𒆷𒆷

ᵈa-la-la (romanization)
Alala (romanization)


𒀭𒁁𒇷𒇷

ᵈbe-li-li (romanization)
Belili (romanization)


𒂗𒆤

nibru (romanization)
Nibru (romanization)

Alternative form of 𒂗𒆤𒆠 (nibruᵏⁱ /Nibru/)


𒀭𒉀

Alternative form of 𒀭𒊺𒉀 (ᵈnisaba /Nisabak/)


𒀭𒊺𒉀

ᵈnisaba (romanization)
Nisabak (romanization)

→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒊺𒉀 (Nisaba)

Nisaba (Also Nidaba. Sumerian goddess of grain, knowledge, and scribal arts, patron deity of the city of Ereš)

𒀱

dnisaba₂ written four times in a cross shape /Nisabak/


𒄘𒃼

𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼#Sumerian

Alternative form of 𒀀𒇉𒈦𒄘𒃼 (^(id₂)idigna /Idigna/)


𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌

desctree

→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦 (Gilgameš)
English: Gilgamesh
→ Ancient Greek: Γίλγαμος (Gílgamos)

From 𒄑𒉋𒂵 (^(g̃eš)bil₂-ga /bilga/, “ancestor”) + 𒎌 (meš /mes/, “hero”), literally “the ancestral hero”, with determinative for divine beings 𒀭 (ᵈ).


𒀭𒀭𒉀

ᵈnanibgal (romanization)
Nanibgal (romanization)

Nanibgal (epithet of the goddess Nisaba)


𒉢𒁓𒆷

ŠIR.BUR.LA (romanization)
lagaš (romanization)
Lagaš (romanization)

Alternative form of 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 (lagašᵏⁱ /Lagaš/)


𒅗𒌤𒀀

From 𒅗𒌤 (gu₃ de₂ /gu de/, “to call, summon”) + 𒀀 (a, nominalizing suffix), literally “the called one, the summoned one (by the god)”.

af

𒅗𒌤𒀀 𒉺𒋼𒋛 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠
gu₃-de₂-a ensi₂ lagašᵏⁱ
/Gudea, ensik Lagašak/
Gudea, ruler of Lagash


𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠

ŠIR.BUR.LAᵏⁱ (romanization)
lagašᵏⁱ (romanization)
Lagaš (romanization)


𒉣𒆠

head

𒉣𒆠 • (NUNᵏⁱ, eriduᵏⁱ, eridugᵏⁱ /Eridug/)

NUNᵏⁱ (romanization)
eriduᵏⁱ (romanization)
eridugᵏⁱ (romanization)
Eridug (romanization)

Tell Abu Shahrain
Tell Abu Shahrain#English

Eridu (ancient Sumerian city in modern Iraq; modern Tell Abu Shahrain)


𒊕𒈪𒂵

From 𒊕 (sag̃, “head”) + 𒈪𒂵 (gig₂-ga /giga/, “black”), literally “black head”.

compound

Black Headed Ones (native designation for the Sumerians)


𒋀𒆠

Alternative form of 𒀭𒋀𒆠 (ᵈnanna /Nanna/)


𒀭𒋀𒆠

head

𒀭𒋀𒆠 • (ᵈŠEŠ.KI, ᵈnanna, ᵈnannar /Nanna/)

ᵈŠEŠ.KI (romanization)
ᵈnanna (romanization)
ᵈnannar (romanization)
Nanna (romanization)

Probably a pre-Sumerian substrate word. Originally spelt 𒀭𒋀𒈾 (ᵈŠEŠⁿᵃ), with the last sign just being a phonetic complement. An r-Auslaut has been proposed on the basis of the poetic Akkadian term 𒀭𒋀𒆠 (nannārum, “luminary, light”), an epithet of 𒀭𒂗𒍪 (Sîn) (the Akkadian moon god) or 𒌋𒁯 (Ištar), but no inner-Sumerian evidence exists to support this hypothesis.

Nanna, the moon god, patron of Ur (corresponding to Akkadian Sin)


𒀭𒎏𒄢

𒀭𒎏𒄢 • (ᵈnin-sun₂, ᵈnin-sumun₂ /Ninsumunak/)


𒇶

Alternative form of 𒇶𒆠 (arattaᵏⁱ /aratta/)


𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠

me-luḫ-ḫaᵏⁱ (romanization)
Meluḫḫa (romanization)

Unknown; might be a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *mel-Vkku.


𒉏𒆠

elamᵏⁱ (romanization)
Elam (romanization)

desctree

→ Akkadian: 𒉏𒈠𒆠 (Elamtu)
→ Arabic: عِيلَام (ʕīlām)
→ Biblical Hebrew: עֵילָם (ʕelɔ́m)
→ English: Elam

Borrowed from Elamite 𒄬𒆷𒁶𒋾 (ḫalˡᵃ-tam₆-ti /haltamti/).


𒀭𒎏𒅁

ᵈnin-urta (romanization)
Ninurtak (romanization)

Ninurta (Sumerian farmer and warrior god)