𒈗

From 𒇽 (lu₂ /lu/, “person”) + 𒃲 (gal, “big”). The cuneiform sign is a ligature of the two signs used to write the words of the compound but in inverted order.


𒁹

→ Akkadian: 𒁹 (santakkum)


𒂍

𒉺𒋼𒋛𒆤 𒂍 𒈬𒆕


𒉒

seed funnel (hopper or seeding apparatus of the seeder plow)


𒀴

This sign represents the evolution of what was originally a drawing of male genitals. See also 𒊩.


𒆠𒉆𒀀𒇒𒊏

ki-nam-esir-ra (romanization)
kinamesira (romanization)


𒋀

Alternative form of 𒁵 (mun, “salt, brackish”)


𒀜𒁕

ad-da (romanization)
adda (romanization)


𒀭𒌉

dig̃ir-dumu (romanization)
dig̃irdumu (romanization)


𒌉𒊩

dumu-munus (romanization)
dumumunus (romanization)


𒌓

u₄ (romanization)
ud (romanization)
utu (romanization)

𒅎𒅆𒌨𒅎𒅆𒌨𒅎𒋛𒋛𒅅𒆕𒀀𒁉𒌨𒁉𒉌𒁻 𒄀𒌍
𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌋𒅗𒆏𒅗𒂵𒁀𒀭𒁕𒀊𒃡𒂊
𒌓𒐌𒀀𒀭𒈪𒅓𒀀𒀭
𒀀𒈠𒊒𒌦𒈠𒁀𒃡𒊏𒋫
𒄑𒈣𒆸𒆸𒀀𒃲𒆷𒅎𒅆𒌨𒅆𒌨𒇧𒇧𒀀𒋫
𒀭𒌓𒄿𒅎𒈠𒊏𒌓𒁺𒀭𒆠𒀀𒌓𒂷𒂷

(Can we date this quote?), “~C17th BCE, The Flood story, Segment D”, in ETCSL, lines 1-6:

After the flood had swept over the land, and waves and windstorms had rocked the huge boat for seven days and seven nights, Utu the sun god came out, illuminating heaven and earth.

im-ḫul-im-ḫul ^(tum₉)si-si-ig du₃-a-bi teš₂-bi i₃-sug₂-ge-eš
a-ma-ru ugu kab dug₄-ga ba-an-da-ab-ur₃-e
ud imin-am₃ g̃i₆ imin-am₃
a-ma-ru kalam-ma ba-ur₃-ra-ta
^(g̃iš)ma₂ gur₄-gur₄ a gal-la im-ḫul tuku₄-tuku₄-a-ta
ᵈutu i-im-ma-ra-e₃ an ki-a ud g̃a₂-g̃a₂


𒀭𒁇

an-bar (romanization)
anbar (romanization)


𒅆𒂍𒉪

→ Akkadian: 𒅆𒂍𒉪 (ziqqurratum) (calque) (see there for further descendants)


𒀵

A combination of the signs 𒀴 (“man”) and 𒆳 (“mountains, foreign land”). Compare 𒊩𒆳 (geme₂ /geme/).


𒁺

head

𒁺 • (du) (imperfective singular 𒁺 (du), perfective singular 𒁺 (g̃en), imperfective plural 𒁻 (su₈, sub₂ /sub/), perfective plural 𒁻 (re₇, ere×(DU.DU), er /ere/), present participle 𒁲 (di), imperative 𒂷 (g̃e₂₆, g̃en /g̃en/))


𒀜

Alternative form of 𒀜𒁕 (ad-da /adda/, “father”)


𒀭𒈹

ᵈinana (romanization)
Inanak (romanization)


𒋼

𒋼 • (te, teg̃₃ /teg̃/) (imperfective 𒋼 (teg̃₃ /teg̃/), perfective 𒋾 (ti, tig̃₄, teg̃₄ /ti/))

te (romanization)
teg̃ (romanization)
𒋼 (imperfective)
𒋾 (perfective)


𒀭𒈾

an-na (romanization)
anna (romanization)

desctree

Akkadian: 𒀭𒈾 (annakum)
→ Hurrian: *anagi
→ Old Armenian: անագ (anag)
→ Armenian: անագ (anag)
→ Aramaic:
Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אָנְכָא (ānḵā)
Classical Syriac: ܐܵܢܟ݂ܵܐ (ānḵā)
→ Arabic: آنُك (ānuk)
→ Biblical Hebrew: אֲנָךְ (ʾănɔḵ)
→ Sanskrit: नाग (nāgá)


𒋫

𒌓 𒌓𒁺𒋫 𒌓 𒋗𒍑


𒀭𒅎

ᵈiškur (romanization)
Iškur (romanization)


𒀭𒌓

From 𒀭 (ᵈ) (determinative) + 𒌓 (utu, “sun-god”).


𒀭𒀀𒇉

River, river god (a river personified or deified)


𒂍𒃲

→ Akkadian: 𒂍𒃲 (ēkallum) (see there for further descendants)

From 𒂍 (e₂ /ē/, “house, temple”) + 𒃲 (gal, “great, big”).

compound

𒌷𒅗𒄀𒈾 𒈗 𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠𒆤 𒂍𒃲𒋫 𒂊𒋫𒌓𒁺𒉈

24th c. BCE, DP 339, Lagash, CDLI P220989, lines rev. 2:3–3:1:

Irikagina, king of Lagash, will supply them from the palace.

iri-ka-gi-na, lugal LAGAŠᵏⁱ-ke₄, e₂-gal-ta e-ta-ed₂-de₃.


𒀭𒆘

ᵈalad (romanization)
alad (romanization)

From 𒀭 (ᵈ, determinative for deities) + 𒆘 (alad, “a type of spirit”).

Coordinate term: (female counterpart) 𒀭𒆗 (ᵈlammar /lammar/)

an alad spirit (a male tutelary deity, corresponding to the Akkadian šēdum)


𒀭𒂗𒆤

Enlil (the king of the gods of the Sumerian pantheon)


𒄑𒉼

𒄑 (determiner for wooden objects) + 𒉼 (pana, “bow”)


𒊩

This sign represents the evolution of what was originally a drawing of female genitals. See also 𒀴.


𒂼𒅈𒄄

freedom (particularly from debt or bondage, manumission)


𒂼𒄄

Alternative form of 𒂼𒅈𒄄 (ama-ar-gi₄ /amargi/, “freedom”)


𒄀

a unit of length equal to 6 𒌑 (kuš₃, “cubits”).


𒀭𒀫𒌓

ᵈamar-utu (romanization)
ᵈmarduk (romanization)
Marduk (romanization)

→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀫𒌓 (Marduk)

From 𒀭 (determinative for "god") + 𒀫 (amar, “calf”) + 𒌓 (utuk, “of the sun”), literally "calf of the sun" or "solar calf".


𒀊𒁀

ab-ba (romanization)
abba (romanization)


𒌓𒊬

day of the first visibility of the new moon, beginning of the month

crescent-shaped object or semi-circular line


𒀭𒎏𒄈𒋢

From 𒎏 (nin, “Lord”) + 𒄈𒋢 (g̃ir₂-su /g̃irsuk/, “of G̃irsu”), with determinative for deities 𒀭 (ᵈ).

compound

Ningirsu (chief male god of the Lagaš state)


𒌇

head

𒌇 • (tuk, tuku) (reduplicated form 𒌇𒌇 (du₁₂-du₁₂ /dudu/))

tuk (romanization)
tuku (romanization)
form 𒌇𒌇 (reduplication)


𒂠

še₃ (romanization)
še (romanization)
/š/ (romanization)


𒂗𒈾

en-na (romanization)
enna (romanization)


𒁄

desc

→ Akkadian: 𒁄 (pilakku, pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle; harp”)

→? Ancient Greek: πέλεκκον (pélekkon, “handle (of an axe)”)


𒀭𒁀𒌑

Bau (healing and fertility goddess, daughter of Anu, wife of Ning̃irsuk)


𒊩𒆳

A combination of the signs 𒊩 (“woman”) and 𒆳 (“mountains, foreign land”). Compare 𒀵 (arad₂ /arad/).


𒀭𒁁𒇷𒇷

ᵈbe-li-li (romanization)
Belili (romanization)


𒀭𒀀𒆷𒆷

ᵈa-la-la (romanization)
Alala (romanization)


𒀭𒊺𒉀

ᵈnisaba (romanization)
Nisabak (romanization)

→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒊺𒉀 (Nisaba)

Nisaba (Also Nidaba. Sumerian goddess of grain, knowledge, and scribal arts, patron deity of the city of Ereš)

𒀱

dnisaba₂ written four times in a cross shape /Nisabak/


𒄑𒉼𒁶

𒄑𒉼 (^(g̃eš)pana /pana/, “bow”) + 𒁶 (dim₂ /dim/, “to create, make”)


𒀭𒌒𒁕

an-ub-da (romanization)
anubda (romanization)

(cosmology, geography) quarter, corner (of the universe)


𒀭𒌒𒁕𒇹𒁀

head

𒀭𒌒𒁕𒇹𒁀 • (an-ub-da limmu₂-ba /anubda limmubâk/)

an-ub-da limmu₂-ba (romanization)
anubda limmubâk (romanization)

From 𒀭𒌒𒁕 (an-ub-da /anubda/, “quarter”) + 𒇹 (limmu₂ /limmu/, “four”) + 𒁀 (ba /bâk/, “of its”), literally “its four quarters”.


𒅆𒌨𒍼

𒅆𒌨⫽𒍼 (canonical)
ḫulu gig (romanization)


𒊕𒈪𒂵

From 𒊕 (sag̃, “head”) + 𒈪𒂵 (gig₂-ga /giga/, “black”), literally “black head”.

Black Headed Ones (native designation for the Sumerians)


𒀭𒋀𒆠

head

𒀭𒋀𒆠 • (ᵈŠEŠ.KI, ᵈnanna, ᵈnannar /Nanna/)

ᵈŠEŠ.KI (romanization)
ᵈnanna (romanization)
ᵈnannar (romanization)
Nanna (romanization)

Probably a pre-Sumerian substrate word. Originally spelt 𒀭𒋀𒈾 (ᵈŠEŠⁿᵃ), with the last sign just being a phonetic complement. An r-Auslaut has been proposed on the basis of the poetic Akkadian term 𒀭𒋀𒆠 (nannārum, “luminary, light”), an epithet of 𒀭𒂗𒍪 (Sîn) (the Akkadian moon god) or 𒌋𒁯 (Ištar), but no inner-Sumerian evidence exists to support this hypothesis.

Nanna, the moon god, patron of Ur (corresponding to Akkadian Sin)


𒀭𒎏𒄢

𒀭𒎏𒄢 • (ᵈnin-sun₂, ᵈnin-sumun₂ /Ninsumunak/)


𒅎𒈠

im-ma (romanization)
imma (romanization)


𒀭𒉎𒂂𒄷

Origin unknown. Earlier 𒈪. Spelling with 𒉎𒂂 (im-dugud, “heavy wind”) in attribution to storm diety 𒅎. Perhaps ultimately from 𒀭 (An, “heaven”) + 𒍪 (zu, “to know”).


𒀭𒎏𒅁

ᵈnin-urta (romanization)
Ninurtak (romanization)

Ninurta (Sumerian farmer and warrior god)