-able

es-adj

-able m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ables)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin -ābilis.


-ona

es-noun

-ona f (noun-forming suffix, plural -onas)


-é

first-person singular
first-person singular#English

a suffix indicating the first-person singular indicative preterite of a verb in -ar


-ase

first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ar


-itis

-itis f (noun-forming suffix, plural -itis)

Borrowed from New Latin -ītis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”).

der

(pathology) -itis (denotes diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection)

(humorous) -itis (forms the names of various fictitious afflictions or diseases)


-er

es-verb

-er (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -ido)

-o (first-person present singular)
-í (first-person preterite singular)
-ido (participle past)
-er (infinitive)
-iendo (gerund)
-ido (masculine participle past singular)
-ida (feminine participle past singular)
-idos (masculine participle past plural)
-idas (feminine participle past plural)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-es (indicative informal present second-person singular)
-és (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
-e (indicative present singular third-person)
-emos (first-person indicative plural present)
-éis (indicative plural present second-person)
-en (indicative plural present third-person)
-ía (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ías (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ía (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-íamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-íais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ían (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-í (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-iste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-ió (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-imos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-isteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-ieron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-eré (first-person future indicative singular)
-erás (future indicative second-person singular)
-erá (future indicative singular third-person)
-eremos (first-person future indicative plural)
-eréis (future indicative plural second-person)
-erán (future indicative plural third-person)
-ería (conditional first-person indicative singular)
-erías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-ería (conditional indicative singular third-person)
-eríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
-eríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
-erían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
-a (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-as (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ás (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
-a (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-amos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-áis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-an (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-iera (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ieras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iera (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iéramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ierais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ieran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iese (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
-ieses (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
-iese (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
-iésemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
-ieseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
-iesen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
-iere (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-ieres (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-iere (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-iéremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-iereis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-ieren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-e (imperative informal positive second-person singular)
-é (imperative informal positive second-person singular vos-form)
-a (formal imperative positive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-a (imperative positive singular third-person)
-amos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-ed (imperative plural positive second-person)
-an (formal imperative plural positive second-person-semantically third-person)
-an (imperative plural positive third-person)
no -as (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -a (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
no -a (imperative negative singular third-person)
no -amos (first-person imperative negative plural)
no -áis (imperative negative plural second-person)
no -an (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
no -an (imperative negative plural third-person)


-ing

es-noun

-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)


-ed

From Latin -ēte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of second conjugation verbs).

inh

comer (“to eat”) + -ed → ¡Comed!

used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -er verbs


-io

es-noun

-io m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ios)

Borrowed from New Latin -ium, from Latin -um, based on Latin terms for metals, such as ferrum (“iron”).


-or

-or m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ores)

dulce + -or → dulzor


-or

-or m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ores, feminine -or, feminine plural -ores)

-ores (plural)
-or (feminine)
-ores (feminine plural)

revisar + -or → revisor


-udo

es-adj

-udo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uda, masculine plural -udos, feminine plural -udas)

-uda (feminine)
-udos (masculine plural)
-udas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ūtus. Compare Galician -udo, Portuguese -udo, Italian -uto, and French -u.

melena (“mane”) + -udo → melenudo (“long-haired”)

pelo (“hair”) + -udo → peludo (“hairy”)

masa (“mass”) + -udo → masudo (“tubby”)

Forms adjectives and nouns from nouns to indicate that someone or something has a quality in abundance, and sometimes indicates habits or attitudes; -y, -ous.

sombrero (“hat”) + -udo → sombrerudo (“habitually wearing a hat”)

berrinche (“tantrum”) + -udo → berrinchudo (“prone to throw tantrums”)

Forms adjectives and nouns from nouns to indicate habits or attitudes; -y, -ous.

diente (“tooth”) + -udo → dientudo (“with big teeth”)

pierna (“leg”) + -udo → piernudo (“with big legs”)

pata (“animal leg, human foot”) + -udo → patudo (“with big feet”)

(Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras) Forms adjectives and nouns from nouns of parts of the body to indicate that one has a big example or large quantity of such parts.


-cida

es-noun

-cida m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -cidas)

Borrowed from Latin -cīda, from the base of caedō (“to cut, strike, kill”).


-cida

-cida m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cidas)


-cida

es-adj

-cida m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -cidas)


-ible

-ible m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ibles)


-id

From Latin -īte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of fourth conjugation verbs).

inh

venir (“to come”) + -id → ¡Venid!

used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ir verbs


-al

es-adj

-al m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ales)

cultura (“culture”) + -al → cultural (“cultural”)


-al

es-noun

-al m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ales)

maíz (“corn”) + -al → maizal (“corn field”)

naranja (“orange”) + -al → naranjal (“orange grove”)

escoria (“scoria”) + -al → escorial (“bed of lava”)

In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown, or where there is plenty of it.


-oso

es-adj

-oso (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -osa, masculine plural -osos, feminine plural -osas)

-osa (feminine)
-osos (masculine plural)
-osas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish -oso, from Latin -ōsus.

carne (“flesh”) + -oso → carnoso (“fleshy”)

dolor (“pain”) + -oso → doloroso (“painful”)

gloria (“glory”) + -oso → glorioso (“glorious”)


-ar

-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ares)

gránulo (“granule”) + -ar → granular (“granular”)

testículo (“testicle”) + -ar → testicular (“testicular”)


-ar

es-noun

-ar m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ares)

anís (“anise”) + -ar → anisar (“anise field”)

haba (“bean”) + -ar → habar (“bean patch”)

sandía (“watermelon”) + -ar → sandiar (“watermelon patch”)

indicates a place where something is grown


-ar

es-verb

-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -é, past participle -ado)

-o (first-person present singular)
-é (first-person preterite singular)
-ado (participle past)
-ar (infinitive)
-ando (gerund)
-ado (masculine participle past singular)
-ada (feminine participle past singular)
-ados (masculine participle past plural)
-adas (feminine participle past plural)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-as (indicative informal present second-person singular)
-ás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
-a (indicative present singular third-person)
-amos (first-person indicative plural present)
-áis (indicative plural present second-person)
-an (indicative plural present third-person)
-aba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-abas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-aba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-ábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-abais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-aban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-é (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-aste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-ó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-amos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-asteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-aron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-aré (first-person future indicative singular)
-arás (future indicative second-person singular)
-ará (future indicative singular third-person)
-aremos (first-person future indicative plural)
-aréis (future indicative plural second-person)
-arán (future indicative plural third-person)
-aría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
-arías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-aría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
-aríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
-aríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
-arían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
-e (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-es (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
-és (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
-e (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-emos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-éis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-en (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-aras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-ara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-áramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-arais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-aran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ase (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
-ases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
-ase (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
-ásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
-aseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
-asen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
-are (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-ares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-are (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-áremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-areis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-aren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-a (imperative informal positive second-person singular)
-á (imperative informal positive second-person singular vos-form)
-e (formal imperative positive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-e (imperative positive singular third-person)
-emos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-ad (imperative plural positive second-person)
-en (formal imperative plural positive second-person-semantically third-person)
-en (imperative plural positive third-person)
no -es (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -e (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
no -e (imperative negative singular third-person)
no -emos (first-person imperative negative plural)
no -éis (imperative negative plural second-person)
no -en (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
no -en (imperative negative plural third-person)
-arme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
-arte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
-arle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-arse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-arnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
-aros (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
-arles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-arse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-arme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
-arte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
-arlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-arla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-arse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-arnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
-aros (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
-arlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-arlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-arse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-ándome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
-ándote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
-ándole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-ándose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-ándonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
-ándoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
-ándoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-ándose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-ándome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
-ándote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
-ándolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-ándola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-ándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-ándonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
-ándoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
-ándolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-ándolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-ándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-ame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-ate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-ale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-anos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
-ales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-ame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-ate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-alo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-ala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-anos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
-alos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-alas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-ame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-ate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-ale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-anos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
-ales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-ame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-ate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-alo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-ala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-anos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
-alos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-alas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-eme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
-ele (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-ese (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-enos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
-eles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-eme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
-elo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-ela (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-ese (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-enos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
-elos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-elas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-émoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
-émosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-émonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
-émoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
-émosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-émoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
-émoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-émosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-émonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
-émoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
-émoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-émoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-adme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-adle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-adnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-aos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
-adles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-adme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-adlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-adla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-adnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-aos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
-adlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-adlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-enme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-enle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-ennos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-enles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-ense (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-enme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-enlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-enla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-ennos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-enlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-enlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-ense (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)

Inherited from Latin -āre, the infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.

programa (“program”) + -ar → programar (“to schedule”)

forms first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word


-an

From Latin -ant, the third-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

third-person plural
third-person plural#English

Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present indicative of -ar verbs.


-an

From Latin -eant, Latin -ant, and Latin -iant, the third-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix indicating the third-person plural (also used with ustedes) present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs.

Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -er and -ir verbs.


-a

señor (“gentleman”) + -a → señora (“lady”)

camarero (“waiter”) + -a → camarera (“waitress”)


-a

frío (“cold”) + -a → fría (“cold”)


-a

Inherited from Latin -at, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

hablar (“to talk”) + -a → habla (“talks”)

forms the third-person singular (also used with usted) present indicative mood of regular -ar verbs


-a

Inherited from Latin -eam, Latin -am, and Latin -iam the first-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively; and from Latin -eat, Latin -at, and Latin -iat, the third-person singular present active subjunctive ending of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

comer (“to eat”) + -a → aunque yo coma (“even if I ate”)

salir (“to leave”) + -a → por favor, salga Ud. (“please leave”) (formal)

forms the first and third-person singular (also used with usted) singular present subjunctive mood of -er and -ir verbs, also used for the imperative mood of usted


-a

Inherited from Latin -ā (second-person singular present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).

inh+

hablar (“to talk”) + -a → ¡Habla!

forms the second-person singular imperative mood of -ar verbs


-in

es-noun

-in m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)


-on

-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)


-s

Derived from the Latin accusative plural endings (-ās, -ōs, -ēs).

amigo (“friend”) + -s → amigos (“friends”)

cocina (“kitchen”) + -s → cocinas (“kitchens”)

Used to form the regular plural of nouns and adjectives which end in vowels.


-en

Suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -er and -ir verbs.

Suffix indicating the third-person plural present subjunctive of -ar verbs.

Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperative of -ar verbs.


-o

Inherited from Latin -um, accusative of -us.

azafata (“female flight-attendant”) + -o → azafato (“male flight-attendant”)

Used with a stem to form a masculine singular noun


-o

first-person singular
first-person singular

suffix indicating the first-person singular present indicative of verbs


-eco

es-adj

-eco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -eca, masculine plural -ecos, feminine plural -ecas)

es-noun

-eco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ecos, feminine -eca, feminine plural -ecas)

-eca (feminine)
-ecos (masculine plural)
-ecas (feminine plural)
-ecos (plural)
-eca (feminine)
-ecas (feminine plural)

Sonsonate + -eco → sonsonateco


-ingo

-ingo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ingos, feminine -inga, feminine plural -ingas)

-ingos (plural)
-inga (feminine)
-ingas (feminine plural)

chica (“girl”) + -ingo → chiquitinga (“little girl”)

señorito (“young master”) + -ingo → señoritingo (“little brat”)


-ujo

-ujo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ujos, feminine -uja, feminine plural -ujas)

-ujos (plural)
-uja (feminine)
-ujas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -uculus, an expanded form of -culus.

added to nouns of either gender to denote a diminutive form


-as

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

second-person singular
second-person singular#English

suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.


-as

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs


-ad

From Latin -āte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).

inh

hablar (“to talk”) + -ad → ¡Hablad!

used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -ar verbs


-aje

es-noun

-aje m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ajes)

Borrowed from Old French -age or Old Occitan -atge, both from Latin -āticum. Doublet of -azgo. Cognate with French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem, Romanian -aj.

aprendiz (“apprentice”) + -aje → aprendizaje (“apprenticeship”)

voltio (“volt”) + -aje → voltaje (“voltage”)

forms masculine nouns expressing an action, quantity, location, period of time, etc.

pluma + -aje → plumaje (“plumage”)

forms masculine nouns with the sense of collection; -age

lengua + -aje → lenguaje


-ico

es-adj

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

-ica (feminine)
-icos (masculine plural)
-icas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

fotografía (“photograph”) + -ico → fotográfico (“photographic”)


-ico

es-noun

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos)

Related to Ladino -iko, which serves as the equivalent of -ito.

(Murcia, Granada, Navarre, Aragon, Cuba, Venezuela) usually pejorative diminutive suffix; forms nouns from nouns; replaces standard Spanish suffix -ito


-e

Inherited from Latin -et, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of second conjugation verbs, and Latin -it, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of third and fourth conjugation verbs.

third-person singular
third-person singular#English

suffix indicating the third-person singular (also used with usted) present indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-e

Inherited from Latin -em, the first-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs, and Latin -et, the third-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs.

suffix indicating the first- and third-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs


-e

Inherited from Latin -ē, Latin -e, and Latin -ī, the second-person singular present active imperative endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

suffix indicating the second-person singular imperative form of -er and -ir verbs


-e

-e gender-neutral (noun-forming suffix, plural -es)

-e gender-neutral (canonical)
-es (plural)

hermano (“brother”)/hermana (“sister”) + -e → hermane (“sibling”)

niño (“boy”)/niña (“girl”) + -e → niñe (“child”)

amigo (“male friend”)/amiga (“female friend”) + -e → amigue (“friend”)

abogado (“male lawyer”)/abogada (“female lawyer”) + -e → abogade (“lawyer”)

elle

they, sie (gender-neutral third-person pronoun)


-ir

es-verb

-ir (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -í, past participle -ido)

-o (first-person present singular)
-í (first-person preterite singular)
-ido (participle past)
-ir (infinitive)
-iendo (gerund)
-ido (masculine participle past singular)
-ida (feminine participle past singular)
-idos (masculine participle past plural)
-idas (feminine participle past plural)
-o (first-person indicative present singular)
-es (indicative informal present second-person singular)
-ís (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
-e (indicative present singular third-person)
-imos (first-person indicative plural present)
-ís (indicative plural present second-person)
-en (indicative plural present third-person)
-ía (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-ías (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-ía (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-íamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-íais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-ían (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-í (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-iste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-ió (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-imos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-isteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-ieron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-iré (first-person future indicative singular)
-irás (future indicative second-person singular)
-irá (future indicative singular third-person)
-iremos (first-person future indicative plural)
-iréis (future indicative plural second-person)
-irán (future indicative plural third-person)
-iría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
-irías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-iría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
-iríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
-iríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
-irían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
-a (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-as (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ás (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
-a (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-amos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-áis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-an (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-iera (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-ieras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-iera (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-iéramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-ierais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-ieran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-iese (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
-ieses (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
-iese (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
-iésemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
-ieseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
-iesen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
-iere (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-ieres (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-iere (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-iéremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-iereis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-ieren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-e (imperative informal positive second-person singular)
-í (imperative informal positive second-person singular vos-form)
-a (formal imperative positive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-a (imperative positive singular third-person)
-amos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-id (imperative plural positive second-person)
-an (formal imperative plural positive second-person-semantically third-person)
-an (imperative plural positive third-person)
no -as (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -a (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
no -a (imperative negative singular third-person)
no -amos (first-person imperative negative plural)
no -áis (imperative negative plural second-person)
no -an (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
no -an (imperative negative plural third-person)

From Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs.


-algia

es-noun

-algia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -algias)

Borrowed from New Latin -algia, from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos, “pain, sorrow”).


-ejo

es-noun

-ejo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ejos, feminine -eja, feminine plural -ejas)

-ejos (plural)
-eja (feminine)
-ejas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -culus. Doublet of -ículo.

animal (“animal”) + -ejo → animalejo (“creepy-crawly; disgusting little creature; bicho”)

güera (“blonde (in Mexico)”) + -ejo → güereja (“nasty blonde”)

Forming diminutives; applies a detestable or vile quality to the root


-x

-x m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -xs)

es-adj

-x m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -xs)

-xs (plural)
-xs (feminine masculine plural)

(nonstandard, neologism) a gender-neutral suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns


-oma

es-noun

-oma m (noun-forming suffix, plural -omas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ωμα (-ōma).

(pathology) -oma (forms the names of tumours or masses)


-ez

-ez m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)

Unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Portuguese -es.

Enrique + -ez → Enríquez

Lope + -ez → López

Gutierre + -ez → Gutiérrez

Sancho + -ez → Sánchez


-ez

-ez f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)

Inherited from Latin -itiēs, an alternative form of -itia. Compare Romanian -ețe, French -esse and Portuguese -ice, Sicilian -izza.

niño (“child”) + -ez → niñez (“childhood”)

viejo (“old”) + -ez → vejez (“old age”)

estúpido (“stupid”) + -ez → estupidez (“stupidity”)

gigante (“huge”) + -ez → gigantez (“hugeness”)

forms nouns of feminine gender from nouns and adjectives, denoting the state of the base term; -hood, -ness, -ty


-ista

-ista m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -istas)

Borrowed from Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs).

óptimo (“best”) + -ista → optimista (“optimist”)

periódico (“newspaper”) + -ista → periodista (“journalist”)

indicates one who practices a profession of the noun stem

mujer (“woman”) + -ista → mujerista (“feminist”)


-ana

-ana f (noun-forming suffix, plural -anas)


-ina

-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)


-biosis

-biosis f (noun-forming suffix, plural -biosis)


-ísimo

es-adj

-ísimo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ísima, masculine plural -ísimos, feminine plural -ísimas)

-ísima (feminine)
-ísimos (masculine plural)
-ísimas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -issimus, and partly based on the model of Italian -issimo.

mismo (“same”) + -ísimo → mismísimo (“very same”)

absolute superlative
absolute superlative#English

forms the absolute superlative of adjectives

lejos (“far”) + -ísimo → lejísimos (“very far”)

tarde (“late”) + -ísimo → tardísimo (“very late”)


-mente

From Old Spanish -mente/-miente/-mientre, from Latin mente.

normal (“normal”) + -mente → normalmente (“normally, usually”)

física (“physical”) + -mente → físicamente (“physically”)

común (“common”) + -mente → comúnmente (“commonly”)

loca (“crazy”) + -mente → locamente (“crazily”)

Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.


-azo

es-noun

-azo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -azos, feminine -aza, feminine plural -azas)

-azos (plural)
-aza (feminine)
-azas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -āceus. Compare Galician -azo and Portuguese -aço.

plan (“plan”) + -azo → planazo (“great plan”)

gato (“cat”) + -azo → gatazo (“large cat”)

cuerpo (“body”) + -azo → cuerpazo (“sexy body”)

gol (“goal”) + -azo → golazo (“scorcher”)

forms augmentatives, i.e. words expressing greatness or size

cabrón (“asshole, bastard”) + -azo → cabronazo (“major asshole”)

forms pejoratives, i.e. words emphasizing contempt for a subject

puño (“fist”) + -azo → puñetazo (“punch, a hit with the fist”)

cabeza (“head”) + -azo → cabezazo (“headbutt, a hit with the head”)

pistola (“pistol”) + -azo → pistoletazo (“gunshot”)

teléfono (“telephone”) + -azo → telefonazo (“a sudden ring of the telephone”)

ducha (“shower”) + -azo → duchazo (“a quick shower”)

sable (“sabre”) + -azo → sablazo (“rip-off, overcharge”)

lag (“lag”) + -azo → lagazo (“lag, lagging”)

forms words expressing suddenness or brevity


-es

From Latin -ēs, the accusative plural ending of most third declension nouns.

suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions).


-es

From Latin -ēs, Latin -is, and Latin -īs, the second-person singular present active indicative endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs.


-es

From Latin -ēs, the second-person singular present active subjunctive ending of first conjugation verbs.

suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs


-miento

-miento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -mientos)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Late Latin -mentum, from Latin -menta. Doublet of -mento.

sentir (“to feel”) + -miento → sentimiento (“feeling”)

-ment; forms nouns from verbs with the sense of the action or process


-ón

-ón m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones, feminine -ona, feminine plural -onas)

es-adj

-ón (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ona, masculine plural -ones, feminine plural -onas)

-ones (plural)
-ona (feminine)
-onas (feminine plural)
-ona (feminine)
-ones (masculine plural)
-onas (feminine plural)

Probably from the ending of Latin words belonging to the Third Declension (-ō, -ōnem), used sometimes to change the sense or usage of original term. In this case, Spanish -ón would be cognate to Portuguese -ão, Italian -one, French -on (whence English -oon), and Romanian -oi.

problema + -ón → problemón (“a big trouble”)

(intensive) emphasizes that something is large, grand, intense, important

ceja + -ón → cejón (“having large eyebrows”)

cabeza + -ón → cabezón (“having large head”)

(intensive) indicates that someone or something has large attributes, or larger than usual

boca + -ón → bocón (“big-mouth, big-mouthed, boastful”)

for few cases, indicates that something is used wrong or frequently (forming adjectives and or nouns)

silla (“chair”) + -ón → sillón (“armchair”)

caja (“box”) + -ón → cajón (“drawer”)

forms a noun from a different (usually larger) but related or similar one

llorar + -ón → llorón (“something or someone that cries”)

mirar + -ón → mirón (“something or someone that watches”)

suffixed to verbs, doing something repeatedly or often

pelo + -ón → pelón (“with little or no hair”)

rabo + -ón → rabón (“with little or no tail”)

rata (“rat”) + -ón → ratón (“mouse”)

tapa + -ón → tapón (“cork, stopper, a little cover or lid”)

monte + -ón → montón (“heap, pile, a "little mountain"”); although its origin may be a comparison with a little mountain of something, it also means "big amount"

(rare, diminutive) for very few cases, indicates small size of or a lack of something (such as an ironic augmentative)


-ón

es-noun

-ón m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)

Borrowed from English -on, a suffix extracted from argon, krypton and neon, the first three noble gases to be named, respectively from Ancient Greek ἀργόν (argón, “lazy, inactive”), κρυπτόν (kruptón, “hidden”) and νέον (néon, “new”); hence, ultimately from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), cognate with Latin -um.

der

neón, criptón, argón, xenón, radón

(chemistry) ending of every chemical element belonging only to the noble gases group, except helium (in Spanish helio)


-ón

Borrowed from English -on, a suffix extracted from electron, originally a blend of electric + ion, named by Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney.

protón, electrón, neutrón, bosón, hadrón

(nuclear physics) ending of most or every subatomic particle


-mento

es-noun

-mento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -mentos)

From Late Latin -mentum, -amentum, from Latin -menta. Doublet of -miento.

jurar (“to swear”) + -mento → juramento (“oath”)

-ment (the action or result of what is denoted by the verb)


-ote

-ote m (noun-forming suffix, plural -otes, feminine -ota, feminine plural -otas)

-otes (plural)
-ota (feminine)
-otas (feminine plural)


-ota

-ota f (noun-forming suffix, plural -otas)


-uelo

-uelo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -uelos)

es-adj

-uelo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -uela, masculine plural -uelos, feminine plural -uelas)

-uelos (plural)
-uela (feminine)
-uelos (masculine plural)
-uelas (feminine plural)

arroyo (“stream”) + -uelo → arroyuelo (“brook, small stream”)


-astro

es-noun

-astro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -astros, feminine -astra, feminine plural -astras)

-astros (plural)
-astra (feminine)
-astras (feminine plural)

político (“politician”) + -astro → politicastro (“corrupt politician”)

hermano (“brother”) + -astro → hermanastro (“stepbrother”)

hijo (“son”) + -astro → hijastro (“stepson”)

forms nouns with a pejorative or lower meaning


-dor

-dor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -dores, feminine -dora, feminine plural -doras)

es-adj

-dor (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -dora, masculine plural -dores, feminine plural -doras)

-dores (plural)
-dora (feminine)
-doras (feminine plural)
-dora (feminine)
-dores (masculine plural)
-doras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -tor, from Proto-Italic *-tōr, from Proto-Indo-European *-tōr < *-tor-s.

abrir (“open”) + -dor → abridor (“opener”)

contaminar (“pollute”) + -dor → contaminador (“polluter”)

coordinar (“coordinate”) + -dor → coordinador (“coordinator”)

maltratar (“beat / abuse / batter”) + -dor → maltratador (“beater / abuser / batterer”)

-er, -or forms nouns (usually agent nouns) and adjectives from verbs

leña (“firewood”) + -dor → leñador (“wood cutter”)


-ino

es-noun

-ino m (noun-forming suffix, plural -inos)

A diminutive suffix for masculine nouns or adjectives.


-esco

es-adj

-esco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esca, masculine plural -escos, feminine plural -escas)

-esca (feminine)
-escos (masculine plural)
-escas (feminine plural)

libro (“book”) + -esco → libresco (“related to books”)

Alternative form of -sco; forms adjectives that signify "relation" to the word stem; sometimes pejorative


-esco

es-noun

-esco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -escos)

Alternative form of -sco; forms augmentative nouns

Alternative form of -sco; forms collective nouns


-ear

es-verb

-ear (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -eo, first-person singular preterite -eé, past participle -eado)

-eo (first-person present singular)
-eé (first-person preterite singular)
-eado (participle past)
-ear (infinitive)
-eando (gerund)
-eado (masculine participle past singular)
-eada (feminine participle past singular)
-eados (masculine participle past plural)
-eadas (feminine participle past plural)
-eo (first-person indicative present singular)
-eas (indicative informal present second-person singular)
-eás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
-ea (indicative present singular third-person)
-eamos (first-person indicative plural present)
-eáis (indicative plural present second-person)
-ean (indicative plural present third-person)
-eaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
-eabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
-eaba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
-eábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
-eabais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
-eaban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
-eé (first-person indicative preterite singular)
-easte (indicative preterite second-person singular)
-eó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
-eamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
-easteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
-earon (indicative plural preterite third-person)
-earé (first-person future indicative singular)
-earás (future indicative second-person singular)
-eará (future indicative singular third-person)
-earemos (first-person future indicative plural)
-earéis (future indicative plural second-person)
-earán (future indicative plural third-person)
-earía (conditional first-person indicative singular)
-earías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
-earía (conditional indicative singular third-person)
-earíamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
-earíais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
-earían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
-ee (first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ees (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
-eés (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
-ee (present singular subjunctive third-person)
-eemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
-eéis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
-een (plural present subjunctive third-person)
-eara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
-earas (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
-eara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
-eáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
-earais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
-earan (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
-ease (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
-eases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
-ease (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
-eásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
-easeis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
-easen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
-eare (first-person future singular subjunctive)
-eares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
-eare (future singular subjunctive third-person)
-eáremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
-eareis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
-earen (future plural subjunctive third-person)
-ea (imperative informal positive second-person singular)
-eá (imperative informal positive second-person singular vos-form)
-ee (formal imperative positive second-person-semantically singular third-person)
-ee (imperative positive singular third-person)
-eemos (first-person imperative plural positive)
-ead (imperative plural positive second-person)
-een (formal imperative plural positive second-person-semantically third-person)
-een (imperative plural positive third-person)
no -ees (imperative negative second-person singular)
no -ee (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
no -ee (imperative negative singular third-person)
no -eemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
no -eéis (imperative negative plural second-person)
no -een (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
no -een (imperative negative plural third-person)
-earme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
-earte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
-earle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-earse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-earnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
-earos (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
-earles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-earse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-earme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
-earte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
-earlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-earla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-earse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
-earnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
-earos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
-earlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-earlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-earse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
-eándome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
-eándote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
-eándole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-eándose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-eándonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
-eándoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
-eándoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-eándose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-eándome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
-eándote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
-eándolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-eándola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-eándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
-eándonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
-eándoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
-eándolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-eándolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-eándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
-éame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-éate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-éale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-éanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
-éales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-éame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-éate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
-éalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-éala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-éanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
-éalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-éalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
-eame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-eate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-eale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-eanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
-eales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-eame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-eate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
-ealo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-eala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-eanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
-ealos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-ealas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
-éeme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
-éele (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-éese (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-éenos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
-éeles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-éeme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
-éelo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-éela (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-éese (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
-éenos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
-éelos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-éelas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
-eémoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
-eémosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-eémonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
-eémoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
-eémosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-eémoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
-eémoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-eémosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
-eémonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
-eémoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
-eémoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-eémoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
-eadme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-eadle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-eadnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-eaos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
-eadles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-eadme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-eadlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-eadla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-eadnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-eaos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
-eadlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-eadlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-éenme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-éenle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-éennos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-éenles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-éense (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-éenme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
-éenlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-éenla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
-éennos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
-éenlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-éenlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
-éense (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)

Inherited from Late Latin -izāre. Doublet of -izar, which was borrowed.

humo (“steam”) + -ear → humear (“to steam”)

forms verbs from adjectives, nouns and some pronouns


-idad

es-noun

-idad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -idades)

Borrowed from Latin -itātem. Doublet of -edad.

conductivo (“conductive”) + -idad → conductividad (“conductivity”)

fácil (“easy”) + -idad → facilidad (“ease”)


-ito

-ito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -itos, feminine -ita, feminine plural -itas)

-itos (plural)
-ita (feminine)
-itas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Late Latin -ittus. Doublet of -ete.


-ito

-ito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -itos)

grafito


-ito

oxidation number
oxidation number#English

(chemistry) forms the name of a salt derived from an acid with a low oxidation number (similar to -ite in English)


-ita

-ita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -itas, masculine -ito, masculine plural -itos)

-itas (plural)
-ito (masculine)
-itos (masculine plural)

a suffix indicating a diminutive; female equivalent of -ito


-ita

es-adj

-ita m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -itas)

es-noun

-ita m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -itas)

-itas (feminine masculine plural)
-itas (plural)

Vietnam (“Vietnam”) + -ita → vietnamita (“Vietnamese”)


-ita

-ita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -itas)

cuarzo (“quartz”) + -ita → cuarcita (“quartzite”)

-ite (suffix for a rock, mineral, or fossil)


-ema

-ema m (noun-forming suffix, plural -emas)


-iendo

From Latin -endus, -iendus. Compare Italian -endo and Portuguese -endo, Romanian -ând, -ind, French -ant.

Suffix indicating the gerund of regular -er and -ir verbs


-emos

suffix indicating the first-person plural present indicative of -er verbs

Suffix indicating the first-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs

Suffix indicating the first-person singular imperative of -ar verbs


-imos

first-person plural
first-person plural#English

Suffix indicating the first-person plural present indicative of -ir verbs.

Suffix indicating the first-person plural preterite indicative of -er and -ir verbs.


-imos

From Latin -īvimus ~ -īimus (fourth conjugation, later generalized).


-áis

From Latin -ātis, the second-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

second-person plural
second-person plural#English

Suffix indicating the second-person plural present indicative of -ar verbs.


-áis

From Latin -eātis, Latin -ātis, and Latin -iātis, the second-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs.


-ando

From Latin -andus. Compare Italian and Portuguese -ando, Romanian -ând, French -ant.

Suffix indicating the gerund of regular -ar verbs; i.e., the suffix -ing in English.


-amos

From Latin -āmus, the first-person plural present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

suffix indicating the first-person plural present indicative of -ar verbs


-amos

From Latin -āvimus, the first-person plural perfect active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix indicating the first-person plural preterite of -ar verbs


-amos

From Latin -eāmus, Latin -āmus, and Latin -iāmus, the first-person plural present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix indicating the first-person singular present subjunctive of -er and -ir verbs

Suffix indicating the first-person singular imperative of -er and -ir verbs


-ido

es-adj

-ido (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ida, masculine plural -idos, feminine plural -idas)

-ida (feminine)
-idos (masculine plural)
-idas (feminine plural)

Indicates the masculine singular past participle of regular -ir and -er verbs.


-ido

es-noun

-ido m (noun-forming suffix, plural -idos)

roncar (“to snore”) + -ido → ronquido (“snore”)

(chemistry) -ide (member of a group of related compounds or elements)


-ado

es-adj

-ado (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)

-ada (feminine)
-ados (masculine plural)
-adas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos. Doublet of -ato.

lóbulo (“lobe”) + -ado → lobulado (“lobate”)

when added to nouns, forms adjectives indicating a characteristic or resemblance; -ate

afeitar (“to shave”) + -ado → afeitado (“shave”)

when added to verbs, forms nouns indicating action or the effect of an action

profesor (“teacher”) + -ado → profesorado (“teaching staff”)

when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a collective

obispo (“bishop”) + -ado → obispado (“bishopric”)

when added to nouns, forms nouns indicating a position or domain


-ado

es-past participle

-ado (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ada, masculine plural -ados, feminine plural -adas)

participle-forming suffix (past)
-ada (feminine)
-ados (masculine plural)
-adas (feminine plural)

llamar (“to call”) + -ado → llamado (“called”)

caminar (“to come/walk”) + -ado → caminado (“came/walked”)

-ar verbs
Appendix:Spanish verbs in -ar#English

forms the masculine singular past participle of regular -ar verbs


-cita

es-noun

-cita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -citas, masculine -cito, masculine plural -citos)

-citas (plural)
-cito (masculine)
-citos (masculine plural)

Alternative form of -ita; feminine of -cito


-cito

-cito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -citos, feminine -cita, feminine plural -citas)

-citos (plural)
-cita (feminine)
-citas (feminine plural)

pan (“bread”) + -cito → panecito (“bun, roll”)

pobre (“poor”) + -cito → pobrecito (“poor thing”)

papá (“dad”) + -cito → papacito (“daddy”)


-cito

-cito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -citos)

From Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos, “vessel, container”).


-ían

Suffix indicating the third-person plural imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-ías

second-person singular
second-person singular

Suffix indicating the second-person singular imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-íamos

Suffix indicating the first-person plural imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-íais

second-person plural
second-person plural

Suffix indicating the second-person plural imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-éis

Suffix indicating the second-person plural present indicative of -er verbs.

Suffix indicating the second-person plural present subjunctive of -ar verbs.


-ía

Inherited from Latin -(i)ēbam (first person) and -(i)ēbat (third person).

forms the first-person singular imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs

forms the third-person singular imperfect indicative of -er and -ir verbs


-ía

es-noun

-ía f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ías)

alegre (“joyful”) + -ía → alegría (“joy”)

forms nouns, from adjectives, denoting states, conditions and qualities; -ness; -ity; -y; -hood

acéfalo (“acephalous”) + -ía → acefalía (“acephaly”)

(medicine) forms the names of medical conditions; -y; -ia

alcalde (“governor”) + -ía → alcaldía (“the job or office of a governor”)

forms the names of offices or jobs; -ship

araucano (“Araucanian”) + -ía → Araucanía (“Araucania”)

(geography) forms the names of places from their inhabitants; -ia


-osis

-osis f (noun-forming suffix, plural -osis)


-ieron

From Latin -ērunt (third conjugation) and -īverunt ~ -īerunt (fourth conjugation).

Suffix indicating the third-person plural indicative preterite of -er and -ir verbs.


-isteis

From Latin -īvistis ~ -īistis (fourth conjugation), with the ending -eis possibly contaminated from -itis (third conjugation), cf. Spanish -éis.

inh

Suffix indicating the second-person plural indicative preterite of -er and -ir verbs.


-ió

From Vulgar Latin *-īut, from Latin -īvit; compare Portuguese -iu. The shift of stress from the expected *-ío is probably by analogy with the first conjugation equivalent -ó.

Suffix indicating the third-person singular indicative preterite of -er and -ir verbs.


-iste

From Latin -istī (third conjugation) and -īvisti ~ -īistī (fourth conjugation)

Suffix indicating the second-person singular indicative preterite of -er and -ir verbs.


-í

es-adj

-í m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -ís or -íes)

es-noun

-í m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -ís or -íes)

-ís (feminine masculine plural)
-íes (feminine masculine plural)
-ís (plural)
-íes (plural)

Irán + -í → iraní

Irak + -í → iraquí

Azer(baiyán) + -í → azerí

Marruecos + -í → marroquí

Panyab + -í → panyabí

forms certain demonyms, especially from Arabic and Indo-Iranian countries and regions


-í

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *-īī < Latin -īvī, first-person singular present perfect active indicative ending of the fourth conjugation, later generalized to almost all non-first conjugation verbs.

comer (“to eat”) + -í → comí (“I ate”)

escribir (“to write”) + -í → escribí (“I wrote”)

first person preterite ending of regular -er and -ir verbs


-aran

hablaran; saltaran

(they) were to speak; (they) were to jump

denotes the imperfect subjunctive in the third-person plural for regular verbs ending in -ar

hablaran; saltaran

(you [pl.]) were to speak; (you [pl.]) were to jump

denotes the imperfect subjunctive in the (formal) second-person plural for regular verbs ending in -ar


-aron

From Latin -ārunt, short equivalent of -āvērunt.

hablaron; saltaron

denotes the indicative preterite in the third-person plural for regular verbs ending in -ar

hablaron; saltaron

denotes the indicative preterite in the (formal) second-person plural for regular verbs ending in -ar


-aré

Suffix indicating the first-person singular future indicative of -ar verbs


-eré

Suffix indicating the first-person singular future indicative of -er verbs.


-eréis

Suffix indicating the second-person plural future indicative of -er verbs.


-iréis

Suffix indicating the second-person plural future indicative of -ir verbs.


-iré

Suffix indicating the first-person singular future indicative of -ir verbs.


-areis

Suffix indicating the second-person plural future indicative of -ar verbs


-imiento

-imiento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -imientos)


-amiento

-amiento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -amientos)


-amento

-amento m (noun-forming suffix, plural -amentos)


-ó

From Vulgar Latin *-āut, from Latin -āvit. Compare Galician and Portuguese -ou.

a suffix indicating the third-person singular indicative preterite of a verb in -ar


-abais

suffix indicating the second-person plural imperfect indicative of -ar verbs


-aban

suffix indicating the third-person plural imperfect indicative of -ar verbs


-abas

suffix indicating the second-person singular imperfect indicative of -ar verbs


-aba

From Latin -ābam (first person) and -ābat (third person).

suffix indicating the first-person singular imperfect indicative of -ar verbs

suffix indicating the third-person singular imperfect indicative of -ar verbs


-dad

-dad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -dades)

Inherited from Old Spanish -dat, from Latin -tātem, from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts.

forms nouns representing the property corresponding to an adjective; -ity


-dero

-dero m (noun-forming suffix, plural -deros)

crujir + -dero → crujidero

one or something that does, uses, or makes

embarcar (“to embark”) + -dero → embarcadero (“pier”)


-ismo

-ismo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ismos)

Borrowed from Latin -ismus, from Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós), often already present in words taken (either via Latin, or directly) from Ancient Greek.


-ia

-ia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ias)

eficaz (“efficient”) + -ia → eficacia (“efficiency”)

appears in feminine nouns, generally abstract, mostly inherited from Latin; -y

Brasil (“Brazil”) + -ia → Brasilia (“Brasilia”)


-ara

first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -ar


-ilo

-ilo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ilos)

From Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood(s), material(s), matter, subject”) through French -yle, like English -yl.


-ivo

es-adj

-ivo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iva, masculine plural -ivos, feminine plural -ivas)

-iva (feminine)
-ivos (masculine plural)
-ivas (feminine plural)


-ura

es-noun

-ura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -uras)

loco (“crazy”) + -ura → locura (“madness”)

attaches to adjectives to form abstract nouns


-avo

es-adj

-avo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ava, masculine plural -avos, feminine plural -avas)

es-noun

-avo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -avos)

-ava (feminine)
-avos (masculine plural)
-avas (feminine plural)
-avos (plural)

doce (“twelve”) + -avo → doceavo (“one twelfth (e.g. of a cake)”)

added to a cardinal number to signify one portion of a whole divided into that number of pieces; forms both nouns and adjectives


-illa

-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illas)

Inherited from Old Spanish -iella, from Latin -ella.

Coordinate term: -illo

added to feminine nouns to denote a diminutive form


-illo

-illo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -illos)

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Philippines

Inherited from Old Spanish -iello, from Latin -ellus, an extension of -lus.

Coordinate term: -illa

added to masculine nouns to denote a diminutive form


-aza

-aza f (noun-forming suffix, plural -azas)


-ente

es-adj

-ente m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -entes)

es-noun

-ente m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -entes)

-entes (feminine masculine plural)
-entes (plural)


-isco

es-adj

-isco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -isca, masculine plural -iscos, feminine plural -iscas)

-isca (feminine)
-iscos (masculine plural)
-iscas (feminine plural)

mar (“sea”) + -isco → marisco (“seafood”)

Alternative form of -sco; forms adjectives that signify "relation" to the word stem; sometimes pejorative


-isco

es-noun

-isco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -iscos)

Alternative form of -sco; forms augmentative nouns

Alternative form of -sco; forms collective nouns


-aste

From Latin -āstī, short counterpart to -āvistī.

Suffix indicating the second-person singular indicative preterite of -ar verbs.


-ante

es-adj

-ante m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -antes)

es-noun

-ante m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -antes)

-antes (feminine masculine plural)
-antes (plural)

forms adjectives and nouns from verbs, particularly verbs in -ar


-ato

-ato m (noun-forming suffix, plural -atos, feminine -ata, feminine plural -atas)

-atos (plural)
-ata (feminine)
-atas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin -ātus (past participle suffix). Compare the inherited doublet -ado.

huérfano (“orphan”) + -ato → orfanato (“orphanage”)

asesino (“assassin”) + -ato → asesinato (“assassination”)

forms the corresponding action of a noun

ballena (“whale”) + -ato → ballenato (“baby whale”)

nuevo (“new”) + -ato → novato (“unexperienced”)

cardenal (“(Catholic) cardinal”) + -ato → cardenalato (“cardinalate, office of the cardinal”)

Fujimori (surname of the former president of Peru, Alberto Fujimori) + -ato → fujimorato (“time period when Alberto Fujimori was in office”)


-ato

-ato m (noun-forming suffix, plural -atos)

(chemistry) -ate (designates a salt or ester related to an acid)


-ete

-ete m (noun-forming suffix, plural -etes)

Borrowed from French -et. Doublet of -ito.

palacio (“palace”) + -ete → palacete (“small palace”)

muro (“wall”) + -ete → murete (“low wall”)

ojo (“eye”) + -ete → ojete (“eyelet, grommet; eye hole; anus”)

jugar (“to play”) + -ete → juguete (“toy”)

puño (“fist”) + -ete → puñete (“punch with the fist”)

Added to nouns and adjectives that often adds a diminutive or particularizing sense to the base.


-ero

-ero m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eros, feminine -era, feminine plural -eras)

-eros (plural)
-era (feminine)
-eras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ārius via */arju/ > */ajru/. Compare Portuguese -eiro. Doublet of the borrowed suffix -ario.

vaca (“cow”) + -ero → vaquero (“cowboy”)

gaita (“bagpipes”) + -ero → gaitero (“bagpiper”)

forms occupations and other agent nouns from nouns

llave (“key”) + -ero → llavero (“key ring”)

moneda (“coin”) + -ero → monedero (“purse”)

forms objects designed for use with another object

albaricoque (“apricot”) + -ero → albaricoquero (“apricot tree”)

coco (“coconut”) + -ero → cocotero (“coconut tree”)

hormiga (“ant”) + -ero → hormiguero (“anthill”)

estiércol (“manure”) + -ero → estercolero (“dung heap”)

refrán (“saying, proverb”) + -ero → refranero (“collection of proverbs”)

forms places where collections can be found


-ero

es-adj

-ero (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -era, masculine plural -eros, feminine plural -eras)

-era (feminine)
-eros (masculine plural)
-eras (feminine plural)

casa (“house”) + -ero → casero (“homely”)

calle (“street”) + -ero → callejero (“street (relational)”)

traición (“betrayal”) + -ero → traicionero (“treacherous”)

forms adjective from nouns denoting the qualities of the noun


-ata

es-noun

-ata f (noun-forming suffix, plural -atas)


-ano

es-adj

-ano (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ana, masculine plural -anos, feminine plural -anas)

-ana (feminine)
-anos (masculine plural)
-anas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ānus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

California (“California”) + -ano → californiano (“Californian”)


-ano

es-noun

-ano m (noun-forming suffix, plural -anos, feminine -ana, feminine plural -anas)

-anos (plural)
-ana (feminine)
-anas (feminine plural)

one from, belonging to, relating to, made from, or like


-ano

-ano m (noun-forming suffix, plural -anos)

metano

(organic chemistry) -ane (in the names of hydrocarbons)


-eza

-eza f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ezas)

grande (“grand, great”) + -eza → grandeza (“grandeur”)

attached to adjectives to form abstract nouns of that quality


-logía

-logía f (noun-forming suffix, plural -logías)

From Latin -logia, from Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía), from λόγος (lógos, “account, explanation, narrative”) + -ία (-ía, “-y”).


-és

es-adj

-és (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esa, masculine plural -eses, feminine plural -esas)

es-noun

-és m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eses, feminine -esa, feminine plural -esas)

-esa (feminine)
-eses (masculine plural)
-esas (feminine plural)
-eses (plural)
-esa (feminine)
-esas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ēnsis. Doublet of -ense, a borrowing.

Holanda (“Holland, the Netherlands”) + -és → holandés (“Dutch”)

Francia (“France”) + -és → francés (“French”)

forms nouns and adjectives of nationality: -ish, -an


-izo

es-adj

-izo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -iza, masculine plural -izos, feminine plural -izas)

-iza (feminine)
-izos (masculine plural)
-izas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -īcius. Compare Portuguese -iço, Catalan -ís.

enfermo (“sick”) + -izo → enfermizo (“sickly”)

rojo (“red”) + -izo → rojizo (“reddish”)

cobre (“copper”) + -izo → cobrizo (“copper (colored)”)

forms adjectives from other adjectives, nouns, and verbs usually denoting propensity or likeness


-edora

es-noun

-edora f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edoras)


-cecilla

-cecilla f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cecillas)

Extended form of -ecilla, using the same formative -c- found in -cilla, -cita.

Alternative form of -cecillo; added to feminine nouns to form diminutives


-idora

-idora f (noun-forming suffix, plural -idoras)


-cecillo

-cecillo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cecillos)

Extended form of -ecillo, using the same formative -c- found in -cillo, -cito.

pie (“foot”) + -cecillo → piececillo (“little foot”)

Alternative form of -ecillo; added to masculine nouns to form diminutives


-idor

-idor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -idores, feminine -idora, feminine plural -idoras)

es-adj

-idor (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -idora, masculine plural -idores, feminine plural -idoras)

-idores (plural)
-idora (feminine)
-idoras (feminine plural)
-idora (feminine)
-idores (masculine plural)
-idoras (feminine plural)

encubrir (“to cover up”) + -idor → encubridor (“lid”)

form of -dor attached to -ir verb stems; forms (usually agent) nouns and adjectives


-ecillo

es-noun

-ecillo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ecillos)

Form of -cillo, rebracketed from words ending in -e.

pan (“bread”) + -ecillo → panecillo (“small (piece of) bread”)

cuerpo (“body”) + -ecillo → cuerpecillo (“small body”)

pez (“fish”) + -ecillo → pececillo (“small fish”)

can (“dog; bracket (architecture); modillion”) + -ecillo → canecillo (“bracket (architecture); modillion”)

Alternative form of -cillo; added to masculine nouns to form diminutives


-cecita

-cecita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cecitas)

Extended form of -ecita, using the same formative -c- found in -cita, -cilla.

Alternative form of -cecito; added to feminine nouns to form diminutives


-edor

-edor m (noun-forming suffix, plural -edores, feminine -edora, feminine plural -edoras)

es-adj

-edor (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -edora, masculine plural -edores, feminine plural -edoras)

-edores (plural)
-edora (feminine)
-edoras (feminine plural)
-edora (feminine)
-edores (masculine plural)
-edoras (feminine plural)

ensordecer (“to deafen”) + -edor → ensordecedor (“deafening”)

tener (“to hold”) + -edor → tenedor (“fork, "holder"”)

form of -dor attached to -er verb stems; forms (usually agent) nouns and adjectives


-cecito

es-noun

-cecito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cecitos)

Extended form of -ecito, using the same formative -c- found in -cito, -cillo.

pie (“foot”) + -cecito → piececito (“little foot”)

Alternative form of -ecito; added to masculine nouns to form diminutives


-adora

-adora f (noun-forming suffix, plural -adoras)


-ecilla

-ecilla f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ecillas)

Form of -cilla, rebracketed from words ending in -e.

tienda (“shop”) + -ecilla → tiendecilla (“little shop”)

red (“net”) + -ecilla → redecilla (“small net; hairnet; reticulum”)

diosa (“goddess”) + -ecilla → diosecilla (“minor goddess”)

mano (“hand”) + -ecilla → manecilla (“hand (of a clock); needle (of an instrument); doorknob”)

Alternative form of -ecillo; added to feminine nouns to form diminutives


-ecita

-ecita f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ecitas)

Form of -cita, rebracketed from words ending in -e.

cruz (“cross”) + -ecita → crucecita (“small cross”)

fiesta (“party”) + -ecita → fiestecita (“small party”)

voz (“voice”) + -ecita → vocecita (“small/quiet voice”)

mano (“hand”) + -ecita → manecita (“small hand”)

Alternative form of -ecito; added to feminine nouns to form diminutives


-idura

-idura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -iduras)

añadir (“to add”) + -idura → añadidura (“an addition”)


-cilla

-cilla f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cillas)

From -c-, a formant found originally in Latin -culus (rebracketed from -ulus added to nouns ending in -cus), + -illa.

mujer (“woman”) + -cilla → mujercilla (“small woman”)

fuente (“spring, fountain”) + -cilla → fuentecilla (“small spring, small fountain”)

canción (“song”) + -cilla → cancioncilla (“ditty, tune”)

nube (“cloud”) + -cilla → nubecilla (“small cloud”)

reñir (“to fight, to quarrel”) + -cilla → rencilla (“quarrel, row”)

pobre (“poor”) + -cilla → pobrecilla (“poor thing (referring to a female)”)

pastora (“shepherdess”) + -cilla → pastorcilla (“little shepherdess”)

gente (“people”) + -cilla → gentecilla (“proletariat, riffraff (derogatory)”)

Alternative form of -cillo; added to feminine nouns to form diminutives


-edura

-edura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eduras)

torcer (“to twist”) + -edura → torcedura (“a sprain”)


-adura

-adura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -aduras)

picar (“to sting”) + -adura → picadura (“a sting or bite”)

form of -dura used with -ar verbs to form nouns


-ecito

-ecito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ecitos)

Form of -cito, rebracketed from words ending in -e.

barrio (“neighborhood”) + -ecito → barriecito (“small neighborhood”)

cambio (“change”) + -ecito → cambiecito (“small change, tweak”)

pez (“fish”) + -ecito → pececito (“small fish”)

pueblo (“village”) + -ecito → pueblecito (“little village”)

tren (“train”) + -ecito → trenecito (“small train”)

viejo (“old”) + -ecito → viejecito (“little old man”)

Alternative form of -cito; added to masculine nouns to form diminutives


-cillo

-cillo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cillos)

amorcillo


-dura

-dura f (noun-forming suffix, plural -duras)


-ador

-ador m (noun-forming suffix, plural -adores, feminine -adora, feminine plural -adoras)

es-adj

-ador (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -adora, masculine plural -adores, feminine plural -adoras)

-adores (plural)
-adora (feminine)
-adoras (feminine plural)
-adora (feminine)
-adores (masculine plural)
-adoras (feminine plural)

organizar (“to organize”) + -ador → organizador (“organizer”)

form of -dor attached to -ar verb stems; forms (usually agent) nouns and adjectives


-dora

es-noun

-dora f (noun-forming suffix, plural -doras)


-eña

-eña f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eñas)


-eño

es-adj

-eño (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -eña, masculine plural -eños, feminine plural -eñas)

-eña (feminine)
-eños (masculine plural)
-eñas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ēnus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun, or from -ineus.

trigo (“wheat”) + -eño → trigueño (“similar to wheat”)

Navidad (“Christmas”) + -eño → navideño (“Christmas (relational)”)


-eño

es-noun

-eño m (noun-forming suffix, plural -eños, feminine -eña, feminine plural -eñas)

-eños (plural)
-eña (feminine)
-eñas (feminine plural)

Brasil (“Brazil”) + -eño → brasileño (“Brazilian”, adjective) → brasileño (“Brazilian”, noun)

barro (“clay”) + -eño → barreño (“earthenware bowl”)

one from, belonging to, relating to, made from, or like


-era

-era f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eras)

guante (“glove”) + -era → guantera (“glove compartment”)

regar (“to water”) + -era → regadera (“watering can”)

indicates a place or object where something can be found, kept or done

sordo (“deaf”) + -era → sordera (“deafness”)

borracho (“drunk”) + -era → borrachera (“drunkness”)

indicates a physical state or disability

higo (“fig”) + -era → higuera (“fig tree”)

mora (“blackberry”) + -era → morera (“blackberry plant”)

forms names of certain plants or trees from the name of their fruit


-sca

-sca f (noun-forming suffix, plural -scas)

Alternative form of -sco; forms augmentative or collective nouns


-ceta

-ceta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cetas)


-cete

-cete m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cetes)


-sco

es-adj

-sco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -sca, masculine plural -scos, feminine plural -scas)

-sca (feminine)
-scos (masculine plural)
-scas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.

príncipe (“prince”) + -sco → principesco (“related to princes”)

Forms adjectives that signify relation to the word stem; sometimes pejorative.


-sco

es-noun

-sco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scos)

peña (“rock”) + -sco → peñasco (“large rock, boulder”)


-bilidad

-bilidad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -bilidades)

culpable (“culpable or blameworthy”) + -bilidad → culpabilidad (“culpability”)

-bility; form of -dad used generally for adjectives ending in -ble, comparable generally to English suffix -ity


-edad

-edad f (noun-forming suffix, plural -edades)

Inherited from Latin -itātem. Doublet of -idad.

sucio (“dirty”) + -edad → suciedad (“dirtiness”)


-azgo

-azgo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -azgos)

From earlier -adgo, from Old Spanish -adgo, from Latin -āticus. Doublet of -aje.

almirante (“admiral”) + -azgo → almirantazgo (“admiralship”)

hallar (“to find”) + -azgo → hallazgo (“discovery”)

harto (“full”) + -azgo → hartazgo (“surfeit”)

novio (“boyfriend”) + -azgo → noviazgo (“dating relationship”)

forms the effect or condition of the base word


-scopia

-scopia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -scopias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -σκοπία (-skopía), from σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, look at, examine”).


-scopio

es-noun

-scopio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scopios)

From Latin -scopium, based on Ancient Greek σκοπέω (skopéō, “to look, look at, examine”).


-iera

first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of -er


-eta

es-noun

-eta f (noun-forming suffix, plural -etas)

Borrowed from French -ette and Italian -etta. Doublet of -ita and -eta.

banca (“bench”) + -eta → banqueta (“footstool, small bench”)

casa (“house”) + -eta → caseta (“hut”)

Alternative form of -ete; added to nouns and adjectives that often adds a diminutive or particularizing sense to the base


-emia

-emia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -emias)

From Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(pathology) -aemia (forms the names of conditions affecting the blood or the bloodstream)


-eno

es-adj

-eno (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ena, masculine plural -enos, feminine plural -enas)

es-noun

-eno m (noun-forming suffix, plural -enos, feminine -ena, feminine plural -enas)

-ena (feminine)
-enos (masculine plural)
-enas (feminine plural)
-enos (plural)
-ena (feminine)
-enas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin -ēnus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

(as an adjective) Coming from, related to, or like

(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like


-filia

-filia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -filias)

From Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “friendship, affection, love”).


-ín

es-adj

-ín (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ina, masculine plural -ines, feminine plural -inas)

es-noun

-ín m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)

-ina (feminine)
-ines (masculine plural)
-inas (feminine plural)
-ines (plural)

chiquito (“little boy”) + -ín → chiquitín (“very young boy”)

poquito (“little bit”) + -ín → poquitín (“tiny bit”)

(Northern Spain, especially Asturias) forms the diminutives of nouns, often one already with a diminutive suffix


-fobia

-fobia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fobias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -φοβία (-phobía), combining form of φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).


-ería

es-noun

-ería f (noun-forming suffix, plural -erías)

queso (“cheese”) + -ería → quesería (“cheese shop”)

taco + -ería → taquería (“taco shop”)

turns a noun into a store or restaurant that sells such an item; -ery


-uria

-uria f (noun-forming suffix, plural -urias)


-oico

es-adj

-oico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -oica, masculine plural -oicos, feminine plural -oicas)

-oica (feminine)
-oicos (masculine plural)
-oicas (feminine plural)


-osa

es-noun

-osa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -osas)

(biochemistry) -ose (forms names of sugars)


-fono

-fono m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fonos, feminine -fona, feminine plural -fonas)

-fonos (plural)
-fona (feminine)
-fonas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -φωνος (-phōnos), from φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).


-grafo

es-noun

-grafo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -grafos, feminine -grafa, feminine plural -grafas)

-grafos (plural)
-grafa (feminine)
-grafas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γράφος (-gráphos), from the verb γράφω (gráphō, “to write”).


-logo

es-noun

-logo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -logos, feminine -loga, feminine plural -logas)

-logos (plural)
-loga (feminine)
-logas (feminine plural)

From Latin -logus, from Ancient Greek -λόγος (-lógos).


-metro

-metro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -metros)

From Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”).


-filo

es-noun

-filo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -filos, feminine -fila, feminine plural -filas)

-filos (plural)
-fila (feminine)
-filas (feminine plural)

From Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “beloved, loving”).


-filo

es-adj

-filo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -fila, masculine plural -filos, feminine plural -filas)

-fila (feminine)
-filos (masculine plural)
-filas (feminine plural)


-fobo

es-noun

-fobo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fobos, feminine -foba, feminine plural -fobas)

-fobos (plural)
-foba (feminine)
-fobas (feminine plural)


-fobo

es-adj

-fobo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -foba, masculine plural -fobos, feminine plural -fobas)

-foba (feminine)
-fobos (masculine plural)
-fobas (feminine plural)


-gamia

es-noun

-gamia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -gamias)


-fago

-fago m (noun-forming suffix, plural -fagos, feminine -faga, feminine plural -fagas)

-fagos (plural)
-faga (feminine)
-fagas (feminine plural)

From Latin -phagus, from Ancient Greek φάγος (phágos, “glutton”), from φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”).


-fago

es-adj

-fago (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -faga, masculine plural -fagos, feminine plural -fagas)

-faga (feminine)
-fagos (masculine plural)
-fagas (feminine plural)


-fagia

es-noun

-fagia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -fagias)

From Latin -phagia, from Ancient Greek -φαγία (-phagía), combining form of φαγεῖν (phageîn, “to eat”), infinitive aorist of ἐσθίω (esthíō, “to eat”).


-lito

-lito m (noun-forming suffix, plural -litos)

From Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos, “stone”).


-lito

(Southern Spain) Alternative form of -ito; forms diminutives of nouns


-geno

es-adj

-geno (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -gena, masculine plural -genos, feminine plural -genas)

-gena (feminine)
-genos (masculine plural)
-genas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -γενής (-genḗs).


-geno

es-noun

-geno m (noun-forming suffix, plural -genos)


-ción

-ción f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ciones)

→ Tagalog: -syon

From -tiōnem, the accusative of -tiō as a learned form. The original inherited form of the suffix, -zón or -són, is today less common but found in words such as razón, sazón, tesón, quemazón, comezón, hinchazón, etc.

neutralizar (“to neutralize”) + -ción → neutralización (“neutralization”)

forms nouns representing the property corresponding to a verb; -tion


-forme

es-adj

-forme m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -formes)

From Latin -fōrmis, from fōrma (“form”), from Ancient Greek μόρφα (mórpha, “bodily form, build”). See forma.


-blasto

es-noun

-blasto m (noun-forming suffix, plural -blastos)


-cefalia

-cefalia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -cefalias)


-morfo

-morfo m (noun-forming suffix, plural -morfos)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek -μορφος (-morphos), from μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, fashion, appearance”).


-morfo

es-adj

-morfo (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -morfa, masculine plural -morfos, feminine plural -morfas)

-morfa (feminine)
-morfos (masculine plural)
-morfas (feminine plural)


-cardio

es-noun

-cardio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -cardios)

From Ancient Greek κᾰρδῐ́ᾱ (kardíā, “heart”).


-sfera

-sfera f (noun-forming suffix, plural -sferas)


-xión

-xión f (noun-forming suffix, plural -xiones)

Suffix indicating a process, action or effect, like "-ction" in English


-polio

-polio m (noun-forming suffix, plural -polios)

Derived, by analogy with monopolio (“monopoly”), from the root of Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”).


-esa

-esa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -esas)


-esa

feminine singular of -és: -ese, -ish, -an, -ian


-uro

-uro m (noun-forming suffix, plural -uros)

(chemistry) -ide (marking the binary compound of a nonmetal)


-ada

-ada f (noun-forming suffix, plural -adas)

vaca (“cow”) + -ada → vacada (“herd”)

banda (“gang, band”) + -ada → bandada (“flock”)

forms words, derived from nouns, signifying a whole

cuchara (“spoon”) + -ada → cucharada (“spoonful”)

boca (“mouth”) + -ada → bocanada (“mouthful”)

forms words, derived from nouns, corresponding to -ful (as much as something will hold)

otoño (“autumn”) + -ada → otoñada (“autumn-time”)

verano (“summer”) + -ada → veranada (“summer-time”)

palma (“palm”) + -ada → palmada (“slap”)

forms words, derived from nouns, indicating a blow with the named object

zanca (“leg”) + -ada → zancada (“stride”)

río (“river”) + -ada → riada (“flood”)

forms words indicating abundance or excess


-ada

abrogar (“to abrogate”) + -ada → abrogada (“abrogated, abolished”)

migrar (“to migrate”) + -ada → migrada (“migrated”)

feminine singular of -ado: used with a stem to form the feminine singular past participle of regular -ar verbs


-pata

-pata m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -patas)


-oide

es-adj

-oide m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -oides)

planeta (“planet”) + -oide → planetoide (“planetoid”)

humano (“human”) + -oide → humanoide (“humanoid”)


-trofia

es-noun

-trofia f (noun-forming suffix, plural -trofias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -τροφία (-trophía), from τροφή (trophḗ, “food, nourishment”), from τρέφω (tréphō, “to congeal, thicken”).


-iatra

es-noun

-iatra m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -iatras)

From Ancient Greek ἰατρός (iatrós, “doctor”).

psico- (“psycho-”) + -iatra → psiquiatra (“psychiatrist”)

gero- (“gero-”) + -iatra → geriatria (“geriatrician”)


-teca

-teca f (noun-forming suffix, plural -tecas)

From Latin -theca, from Ancient Greek θήκη (thḗkē, “case, scabbard”).


-teca

es-adj

-teca m or f (adjective-forming suffix, masculine and feminine plural -tecas)

es-noun

-teca m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -tecas)

-tecas (feminine masculine plural)
-tecas (plural)

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl -tecatl.

Central American
Central American#English

forms various Mexican or Central American ethnicities