menos

Inherited from Old Spanish menos, inherited from Latin minus, comparative of parum.


mi

head

mi sg (first-person singular possessive singular, plural mis)

From Latin meus, when it was eliding before a vowel-initial word in speech.

(before the noun) Apocopic form of mío, my


tan

¡Ese tipo es tan patán!


ese

ese m sg (plural esos, feminine esa, feminine plural esas)

esos (plural)
esa (feminine)
esas (feminine plural)


tanto

tanto m sg (feminine singular tanta, masculine plural tantos, feminine plural tantas, superlative tantísimo)

tanta (feminine singular)
tantos (masculine plural)
tantas (feminine plural)
tantísimo (superlative)

(in the plural) so many, as many, that many


uno

uno m sg (plural unos, feminine una, feminine plural unas)

unos (plural)
una (feminine)
unas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”). Cognates include Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), French un, Russian один (odin).


tu

head

tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)

of singular (possessive second-person singular)

From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.

(before the noun) Apocopic form of tuyo, your


más

Inherited from Latin magis. Consider also derivative Latin magister, whence English master.


una

Inherited from Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus.


su

su (third person possessive of singular, plural sus)

of singular (possessive third-person)
sus (plural)

Inherited from Latin suum, from Proto-Italic *sowos, from Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé.

Vino con su amigo.

Habló a sus hijas.

(before the noun) Apocopic form of suyo his, her, its, one's, their, your (formal)

Pesa sus dos kilogramos.

(literally, “It weighs its two kilograms.”)

used to express an approximate number: about, approximately


todo

todo m (feminine toda, masculine plural todos, feminine plural todas, diminutive todito)

toda (feminine)
todos (masculine plural)
todas (feminine plural)
todito (diminutive)

Inherited from Latin tōtus. Compare Catalan tot, French tout. Related to total, which was borrowed from Latin.

todos los días

Todos somos jóvenes.

todo tipo de

every type/kind/sort of; all kinds/sorts of

Toda persona es un individuo.


este

este m sg (feminine esta, masculine plural estos, feminine plural estas)

esta (feminine)
estos (masculine plural)
estas (feminine plural)


mucho

mucho m sg (feminine mucha, masculine plural muchos, feminine plural muchas)

mucha (feminine)
muchos (masculine plural)
muchas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish mucho, from Latin multus (“much, many”), from the Proto-Indo-European *ml̥tos (“crumbled, crumpled”, past passive participle). Compare the Portuguese muito (“much, many, a lot”). Unrelated to English much, which is related to archaic maño (“big”) (the second element in tamaño).

inh

No tengo mucho dinero.

Tengo mucho dinero.

Tengo muchas monedas.


qué

¿Qué camisa quiere?

No sabía qué hacer


cada

Inherited from Old Spanish cada, from Latin cata, from Ancient Greek κατά (katá).

Cada día alguien me habla de ti
intentando sacar el dolor de mi alma
Cada día alguien me habla de ti
intentando explicarme que ya no volverás

Every day someone speaks of you to me,
trying to quell the pain in my soul
Every day someone speaks of you to me,
trying to explain to me that you aren't coming back


poco

head

poco m (plural pocos, feminine poca, feminine plural pocas, superlative poquísimo)

pocos (plural)
poca (feminine)
pocas (feminine plural)
poquísimo (superlative)

Inherited from Latin paucus, from Proto-Italic *paukos, ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little”). Compare French peu, Italian poco, Portuguese pouco.

der

Bebí poca agua.

Nos casamos hace poco tiempo.

(literally, “We got married a little time ago.”)

Muy pocas personas hacen eso.

poco saludable


sus

From Old Spanish sus, apocopic form of suso.

plural of su; one's, his, her, its, their (with plural possessee)


estas

From Latin istās, accusative plural of ista.


estos

From Latin istōs, accusative plural of iste.


esas

(demonstrative) feminine plural of ese; those


aquel

head

aquel m sg (feminine aquella, masculine plural aquellos)

aquella (feminine)
aquellos (masculine plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *eccum ille, a compound of Latin eccum and ille.

(demonstrative) that (over there; implying some distance)


aquella

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines


aquellas

feminine plural of aquel; those (over there; implying some distance)


aquellos

masculine plural of aquel; those (over there; implying some distance)

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to


otro

otro m (plural otros, feminine otra, feminine plural otras)

otros (plural)
otra (feminine)
otras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin alter, altera, alterum, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élteros. Compare Portuguese outro and French autre.

Deme otro ejemplo.


cuyo

cuyo m sg (feminine cuya, masculine plural cuyos, feminine plural cuyas)

cuya (feminine)
cuyos (masculine plural)
cuyas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish cuyo, from Latin cuius, genitive of quī (“who, which”, interrogative and relative pronoun). Secondarily developed grammatical agreement with the thing possessed, thereby becoming a determiner rather than a pronoun in the strict sense. The grammatical agreement is attested in Plautus and classical Latin texts, though uncommonly.

La mujer cuyos hijos son cocineros

En un lugar de la Mancha, de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme […]

In some place of La Mancha, whose name I don't want to remember […]


cualquier

cualquier m or f (apocopate, plural cualesquier, standard form cualquiera)

cualesquier (plural)
cualquiera (standard)

(before noun) Apocopic form of cualquiera; any; whatever; whichever


cualquiera

From cual (“which”) + quiera (“it may want”).


algún

algún m (apocopate, standard form alguno)

¿Haces algún deporte?

(before the noun) Apocopic form of alguno; some, any


alguno

alguno m (plural algunos, feminine alguna, feminine plural algunas)

algunos (plural)
alguna (feminine)
algunas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *alicunus, from Latin alĭquis (“someone”) + unus (“one”).
Cognate with French aucun, Italian alcuno, Galician algún, Portuguese algum.

¿Quiere alguna cosa?

Algún día lo haré.

No tiene talento alguno.


cierta

feminine singular of cierto (“certain, specific”)


cierto

cierto m sg (plural ciertos, feminine cierta, feminine plural ciertas)

ciertos (plural)
cierta (feminine)
ciertas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish cierto, from Latin certus.

Tiene cierta complejidad que no puedo explicar.

It has a certain complexity that I can't explain.


unas

From Latin ūnās, accusative feminine plural of ūnus.


vuestro

vuestro m sg (possessive, plural vuestros, feminine vuestra, feminine plural vuestras)

vuestros (plural)
vuestra (feminine)
vuestras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin vostrum, from vester, from Proto-Italic *westeros.


cuanto

cuanto m (plural cuantos, feminine cuanta, feminine plural cuantas)

cuantos (plural)
cuanta (feminine)
cuantas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin quantus, from Proto-Italic *kʷijentos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₂onts (“how much, how many”), from *kʷíh₂, neuter of *kʷís.
Cognate with French quant, Italian quanto, Portuguese quanto, Romanian cât, Ashkun ćīt, Waigali kiti, Sanskrit कियत् (kíyat), Avestan 𐬗𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (cuuaṇt).

inh

Bebe cuanta agua quieres.

as much [of]; as many; however much; however many

unos cuantos/unas cuantas

Coge unos cuantos.

(after “unos”) few; quite a few; a handful

Cuanta más agua le quitan más le queda.

1882, Víctor Balaguer, Tragedias: Los Esponsales de la Muerta, page 366:

The more water they remove for him, the more remains.

(with comparatives) however much; however many; (constructing parallel comparatives) “the..., the...”


dicho

es-adj

dicho (feminine dicha, masculine plural dichos, feminine plural dichas)

dicha (feminine)
dichos (masculine plural)
dichas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin dictus, dictum. In some Old Spanish texts, it originally appeared as decho; it was later altered with the influence of the -i- from conjugated forms of decir (e.g. digo, dice, diga, etc.).
Compare English dictum.


nuestra

From Latin nostra(m), feminine of noster.


mío

head

mío m sg (first person singular possessive of singular masculine, masculine plural míos, feminine mía, feminine plural mías)

of singular masculine (first-person possessive singular)
míos (masculine plural)
mía (feminine)
mías (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish myo, from Latin meus.

Ese libro grande es mío.

No es lo mío.

(predicative or after the noun) mine, my; of mine


nuestro

nuestro m sg (possessive, feminine nuestra, masculine plural nuestros, feminine plural nuestras)

nuestra (feminine)
nuestros (masculine plural)
nuestras (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin nostrum, from Proto-Italic *nosteros.

(royal) our, ours, to us (as the royal we)


suyo

suyo m sg (plural suyos, feminine suya, feminine plural suyas)

suyos (plural)
suya (feminine)
suyas (feminine plural)

El teléfono es suyo.

El teléfono es suyo.


tuya

Inherited from Latin tua, singular feminine form of tuus (“your”).


tuyo

tuyo m sg (plural tuyos, feminine tuya, feminine plural tuyas)

tuyos (plural)
tuya (feminine)
tuyas (feminine plural)


cuál

¿Cuáles gatos adoptaste del refugio?

Which cats did you adopt from the shelter?

Tengo que ir al aeropuerto, y todavía no sé cuál camino escoger.

I have to go to the airport, and I still don't know which way I should go.

(Latin America) what; which (interrogative only)


ninguno

ninguno m (feminine ninguna, masculine plural ningunos, feminine plural ningunas)

ninguna (feminine)
ningunos (masculine plural)
ningunas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Late Latin nec ūnus (“not even one”). Compare Portuguese nenhum, Catalan ningú.


unos

From Latin ūnōs, accusative masculine plural of ūnus.

(with a specific time) about, approximately


cuánto

head

cuánto m sg (plural cuántos, feminine cuánta, feminine plural cuántas)

cuántos (plural)
cuánta (feminine)
cuántas (feminine plural)

From earlier quánto, from Latin quantus, from Proto-Italic *kʷijentos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₂onts (“how much, how many”), from *kʷíh₂, neuter of *kʷís. Cognate with French quant, Italian quanto, Portuguese quanto, Romanian cât, Ashkun ćī́t, Waigali kiti, Sanskrit कियत् (kíyat), Avestan 𐬗𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (cuuaṇt).

¿Cuántas hijas tienes?


ningún

ningún m (apocopate, standard form ninguno)

(before the noun) Apocopic form of ninguno (“not any”)


muchísimo

muchísimo (feminine singular muchísima, masculine plural muchísimos, feminine plural muchísimas)

muchísima (feminine singular)
muchísimos (masculine plural)
muchísimas (feminine plural)

Hace de esto muchísimo tiempo.

2008, Horacio Quiroga (introduction by Ana Alcolea), Cuentos de la selva para los niños:

superlative degree of mucho: much, a great deal, a lot


cualesquier

cualesquier (apocopate plural, standard form cualquiera)

(before the noun) Apocopic form of cualquiera any, whatever, whichever


ciertas

feminine plural of cierto (“certain, specific”)


vuestras

(possessive) feminine plural of vuestro: yours, your, to you


vuestros

(possessive) plural of vuestro: yours, your, to you


ciertos

masculine plural of cierto (“certain, specific”)


sendos

Los dos novios llegaron con sendos ramos de flores.

Both boyfriends arrived (each) with a bunch of flowers.

La fruta y la verdura se colocaran por separado en sendos cajones.

Fruits and vegetables are (each) put separately in boxes.


aqueste

aqueste m (plural aquestos, neuter aquesto, feminine aquesta, feminine plural aquestas)

aquestos (plural)
aquesto (neuter)
aquesta (feminine)
aquestas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish aqueste (“this”), from Vulgar Latin *eccum iste, from Latin eccum with iste.


tantísimo

head

tantísimo (feminine singular tantísima, masculine plural tantísimos, feminine plural tantísimas)

tantísima (feminine singular)
tantísimos (masculine plural)
tantísimas (feminine plural)


todes

todes aquelles que estén indecises

Ya es hora de dormir. No salgan de su casa. Cuídense y cuiden a los otros. Los abrazo con el alma. No fallemos: quedémonos en casa. Hasta mañana a todos, todas y todes.

2020 March 23, alferdez, Twitter, retrieved 2023-12-17:

It's time to sleep. Do not leave your house. Take care of yourselves and the others. I hug you with my soul. Let's not fail: let's stay home. I will see you tomorrow, all of you.

(gender-neutral, neologism) gender-neutral plural of todo


pechá

Tengo pechá calor.

Hace pechá frio.

Tengo pechá dinero picha.


aquese

aquese (feminine aquesa, masculine plural aquesos, feminine plural aquesas)

aquesa (feminine)
aquesos (masculine plural)
aquesas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *eccum ipse.


cuantísimo

cuantísimo (feminine singular cuantísima, masculine plural cuantísimos, feminine plural cuantísimas)

cuantísima (feminine singular)
cuantísimos (masculine plural)
cuantísimas (feminine plural)

Deberías ver cuantísimas fotos tengo!

You should see just how many photos I have!

(indefinite) superlative degree of cuanto: how very much, how very many, just how much, just how many


alguno que otro

Marineros, soldados, solteros casados

1988, Mecano, Un año más (written by Nacho Cano)

Cura despistao
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


algotro

algotro m (plural algotros, feminine algotra, feminine plural algotras)

algotros (plural)
algotra (feminine)
algotras (feminine plural)

(El Salvador, Andalusia, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Venezuela) other, another


dos que tres

Hay dos que tres personas en el parque.


cúyo

cúyo m sg (feminine cúya, masculine plural cúyos, feminine plural cúyas)

cúya (feminine)
cúyos (masculine plural)
cúyas (feminine plural)