See fife in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":af",
"3": "FIFA",
"4": "-e",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós\nProto-Italic *feiðos\nLatin foedus, foederis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin foederō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin foederātiōnemlbor.\nFrench fédération\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin interlbor.\nFrench inter-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tisder.\nProto-Italic *gnātiō\nLatin nātiōbor.\nOld French nacion\nMiddle French nation\nFrench nation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nMiddle French -al\nFrench -al\nFrench national\nFrench internationalder.\nFrench internationale\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷyós\nProto-Italic *sokjos\nLatin sokios\nLatin socius\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin sociō\nLatin associārebor.\nFrench associer\n▲\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ationder.\nFrench -tion\nFrench association\nProto-Indo-European *ped-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *pṓds\nProto-Germanic *fōts\nProto-West Germanic *fōt\nOld English fōt\nMiddle English fot\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Germanic *balluz\nOld English *beall\nMiddle English bal\nMiddle English fotbal\nEnglish footballbor.\nFrench football\n▲\nEnglish association footballcalq.\nFrench football association\nFrench FIFAobor.\nSpanish FIFA\n▲\nSpanish -ainflu.\n▲\nSpanish -oinflu.\nSpanish -e\nSpanish fife\n[Appendix:Glossary#orthographic_borrowing|Orthographic borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"foederātiōnem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to sign a treaty, an agreement\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"foedus, foederis\", \"id\" : \"treaty\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"faithful\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeydʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeydʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*feiðos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foedus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foederō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foederātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fédération\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"between\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁n̥tér\", \"id\" : \"between\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tér\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁entér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*n̥ter\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"inter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"inter-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"family\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"produce\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵenh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*gnātiō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"nātiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"nacion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"nation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"nation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"national\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"international\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"internationale\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"associāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"unite together; associate\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"companion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"companion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"follower\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"follow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sekʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷéh₂\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ṓy\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷh₂ṓy\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷyós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*sokjos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sokios\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"socius\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sociō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"associō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"associer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-tiō\", \"id\" : \"action or result\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"title\" : \"-tiō\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-tion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"association\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"walk\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ped-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"lengthened acrostatic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pṓds\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōts\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fōt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fot\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*balluz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old 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\"calque\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"football association\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"FIFA\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"obor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"FIFA\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"masculine\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fife\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"fife\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "FIFA",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "FIFA + -e",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós\nProto-Italic *feiðos\nLatin foedus, foederis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin foederō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin foederātiōnemlbor.\nFrench fédération\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin interlbor.\nFrench inter-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tisder.\nProto-Italic *gnātiō\nLatin nātiōbor.\nOld French nacion\nMiddle French nation\nFrench nation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nMiddle French -al\nFrench -al\nFrench national\nFrench internationalder.\nFrench internationale\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷyós\nProto-Italic *sokjos\nLatin sokios\nLatin socius\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin sociō\nLatin associārebor.\nFrench associer\n▲\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ationder.\nFrench -tion\nFrench association\nProto-Indo-European *ped-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *pṓds\nProto-Germanic *fōts\nProto-West Germanic *fōt\nOld English fōt\nMiddle English fot\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Germanic *balluz\nOld English *beall\nMiddle English bal\nMiddle English fotbal\nEnglish footballbor.\nFrench football\n▲\nEnglish association footballcalq.\nFrench football association\nFrench FIFAobor.\nSpanish FIFA\n▲\nSpanish -ainflu.\n▲\nSpanish -oinflu.\nSpanish -e\nSpanish fife\nFrom FIFA + -e, parodying inclusive language that replaces femenine -a or masculine -o with -e. (for example, amigue or compañere) Despite that, it is still a masculine noun, and the inclusive suffix is used to subtract masculinity.",
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"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "fife m (plural fifes)",
"name": "es-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
"fi‧fe"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fi‧fe"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "furbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "onvre"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "potaxie"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 24 0 23 8 10 21 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "6 23 0 24 8 10 22 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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[
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],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
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[
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"english": "The term “fife” refers to a heterosexual man with a passion for soccer. These individuals often admire players like Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, though they may not openly admit it due to “stereotypes about masculinity.” The name comes from the popular video game FIFA. “Fifes” tend to be critical of progressive movements such as feminism and LGBTQ+ causes.",
"ref": "2024 July 8, “Una divulgadora lingüística te explica cuáles son los términos que están más de moda en internet”, in El Confidencial, Madrid, archived from the original on 14 Jul 2024:",
"text": "El término fife se refiere a un hombre heterosexual con una gran afición por el fútbol. Estos individuos suelen admirar a jugadores como Messi y Cristiano Ronaldo, aunque quizás no lo admitan abiertamente debido a “estereotipos sobre la masculinidad”. El nombre proviene del popular videojuego FIFA. Los fifes suelen ser críticos con movimientos progresistas como el feminismo y las causas LGTBIQ+.",
"translation": "The term “fife” refers to a heterosexual man with a passion for soccer. These individuals often admire players like Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, though they may not openly admit it due to “stereotypes about masculinity.” The name comes from the popular video game FIFA. “Fifes” tend to be critical of progressive movements such as feminism and LGBTQ+ causes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male chauvinist or a sexist man who plays soccer"
],
"id": "en-fife-es-noun-v1BsSWeP",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"male chauvinist",
"male chauvinist"
],
[
"sexist",
"sexist"
],
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) a male chauvinist or a sexist man who plays soccer"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a straight guy who plays soccer and video games"
],
"id": "en-fife-es-noun-AAG7RRfk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, slang, humorous) a straight guy who plays soccer and video games"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfife/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfi.fe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ife"
}
],
"word": "fife"
}
{
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"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ife",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ife/2 syllables",
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"Spanish entries referencing pages with etymology sections missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology trees",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (follow)",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁entér",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
"Spanish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éd",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -e",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
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{
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"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós\nProto-Italic *feiðos\nLatin foedus, foederis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin foederō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin foederātiōnemlbor.\nFrench fédération\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin interlbor.\nFrench inter-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tisder.\nProto-Italic *gnātiō\nLatin nātiōbor.\nOld French nacion\nMiddle French nation\nFrench nation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nMiddle French -al\nFrench -al\nFrench national\nFrench internationalder.\nFrench internationale\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷyós\nProto-Italic *sokjos\nLatin sokios\nLatin socius\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin sociō\nLatin associārebor.\nFrench associer\n▲\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ationder.\nFrench -tion\nFrench association\nProto-Indo-European *ped-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *pṓds\nProto-Germanic *fōts\nProto-West Germanic *fōt\nOld English fōt\nMiddle English fot\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Germanic *balluz\nOld English *beall\nMiddle English bal\nMiddle English fotbal\nEnglish footballbor.\nFrench football\n▲\nEnglish association footballcalq.\nFrench football association\nFrench FIFAobor.\nSpanish FIFA\n▲\nSpanish -ainflu.\n▲\nSpanish -oinflu.\nSpanish -e\nSpanish fife\n[Appendix:Glossary#orthographic_borrowing|Orthographic borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"foederātiōnem\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to sign a treaty, an agreement\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"foedus, foederis\", \"id\" : \"treaty\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"faithful\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeydʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰeydʰós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*feiðos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foedus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foederō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foederātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"fédération\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"between\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁n̥tér\", \"id\" : \"between\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tér\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁entér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*n̥ter\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"inter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"inter-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"family\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"birth\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"produce\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵenh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ǵénh₁tis\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*gnātiō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"nātiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"nacion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"nation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"nation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"national\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"international\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"internationale\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"associāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"at\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éd\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"unite together; associate\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"companion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"companion\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"follower\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"follow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sekʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷéh₂\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ṓy\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷh₂ṓy\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sokʷyós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*sokjos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sokios\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"socius\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-āō<id:suf>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sociō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"associō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"associer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-tiō\", \"id\" : \"action or result\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"title\" : \"-tiō\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-tion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"association\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"walk\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ped-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"lengthened acrostatic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pṓds\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōts\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*fōt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"fōt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fot\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*balluz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*beall\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"bal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fotbal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"football\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"football\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"calq.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Calque of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"association football\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"calque\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"football association\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"FIFA\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"obor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"FIFA\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"feminine\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }, { \"id\" : \"masculine\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"-e\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"fife\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"fife\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "FIFA",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "FIFA + -e",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰós\nProto-Italic *feiðos\nLatin foedus, foederis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin foederō\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin foederātiōnemlbor.\nFrench fédération\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Indo-European *-tér\nProto-Indo-European *h₁n̥tér\nProto-Italic *n̥ter\nLatin interlbor.\nFrench inter-\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tisder.\nProto-Italic *gnātiō\nLatin nātiōbor.\nOld French nacion\nMiddle French nation\nFrench nation\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-\nProto-Indo-European *-is\nProto-Indo-European *h₂élisder.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -al\nMiddle French -al\nFrench -al\nFrench national\nFrench internationalder.\nFrench internationale\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *sekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Indo-European *sokʷyós\nProto-Italic *sokjos\nLatin sokios\nLatin socius\n▲\nLatin -ō\nLatin sociō\nLatin associārebor.\nFrench associer\n▲\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ation\nMiddle French -ation\nFrench -ationder.\nFrench -tion\nFrench association\nProto-Indo-European *ped-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *pṓds\nProto-Germanic *fōts\nProto-West Germanic *fōt\nOld English fōt\nMiddle English fot\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.\nProto-Germanic *balluz\nOld English *beall\nMiddle English bal\nMiddle English fotbal\nEnglish footballbor.\nFrench football\n▲\nEnglish association footballcalq.\nFrench football association\nFrench FIFAobor.\nSpanish FIFA\n▲\nSpanish -ainflu.\n▲\nSpanish -oinflu.\nSpanish -e\nSpanish fife\nFrom FIFA + -e, parodying inclusive language that replaces femenine -a or masculine -o with -e. (for example, amigue or compañere) Despite that, it is still a masculine noun, and the inclusive suffix is used to subtract masculinity.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fifes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fife m (plural fifes)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fi‧fe"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fi‧fe"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "furbo"
},
{
"word": "onvre"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "potaxie"
}
],
"categories": [
"Spanish derogatory terms",
"Spanish slang",
"Spanish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
],
[
304,
308
],
[
304,
309
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
14
],
[
271,
276
]
],
"english": "The term “fife” refers to a heterosexual man with a passion for soccer. These individuals often admire players like Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, though they may not openly admit it due to “stereotypes about masculinity.” The name comes from the popular video game FIFA. “Fifes” tend to be critical of progressive movements such as feminism and LGBTQ+ causes.",
"ref": "2024 July 8, “Una divulgadora lingüística te explica cuáles son los términos que están más de moda en internet”, in El Confidencial, Madrid, archived from the original on 14 Jul 2024:",
"text": "El término fife se refiere a un hombre heterosexual con una gran afición por el fútbol. Estos individuos suelen admirar a jugadores como Messi y Cristiano Ronaldo, aunque quizás no lo admitan abiertamente debido a “estereotipos sobre la masculinidad”. El nombre proviene del popular videojuego FIFA. Los fifes suelen ser críticos con movimientos progresistas como el feminismo y las causas LGTBIQ+.",
"translation": "The term “fife” refers to a heterosexual man with a passion for soccer. These individuals often admire players like Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, though they may not openly admit it due to “stereotypes about masculinity.” The name comes from the popular video game FIFA. “Fifes” tend to be critical of progressive movements such as feminism and LGBTQ+ causes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male chauvinist or a sexist man who plays soccer"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"male chauvinist",
"male chauvinist"
],
[
"sexist",
"sexist"
],
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) a male chauvinist or a sexist man who plays soccer"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish humorous terms",
"Spanish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"a straight guy who plays soccer and video games"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, slang, humorous) a straight guy who plays soccer and video games"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfife/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfi.fe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ife"
}
],
"word": "fife"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fife meaning in Spanish (28.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Spanish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.