"ñaña" meaning in Spanish

See ñaña in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɲaɲa/, [ˈɲa.ɲa] Forms: ñañas [plural]
Rhymes: -aɲa Etymology: Borrowed from Quechua ñaña. Most senses likely influenced by Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|es|qu|ñaña|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Quechua ñaña, {{bor+|es|qu|ñaña}} Borrowed from Quechua ñaña, {{der|es|es|nana||grandma, etc.}} Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”) Head templates: {{es-noun|f}} ñaña f (plural ñañas)
  1. (colloquial, Andes, Colombia, of a woman) sister, especially a liked one Tags: Colombia, colloquial, feminine
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-Sld2ZqgF Categories (other): Andean Spanish, Colombian Spanish, Spanish entries with incorrect language header, Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1 Disambiguation of Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish: 16 1 29 3 21 29
  2. (colloquial, informal, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru) sister Tags: Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, colloquial, feminine, informal
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-GYDTkn8H Categories (other): Argentinian Spanish, Ecuadorian Spanish, Peruvian Spanish
  3. (colloquial, Ecuador, Chile) older sister Tags: Chile, Ecuador, colloquial, feminine
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-GC~ssSvW Categories (other): Chilean Spanish, Ecuadorian Spanish, Spanish entries with incorrect language header, Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1 Disambiguation of Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish: 16 1 29 3 21 29
  4. (colloquial, Ecuador) a female relative, such as a cousin or aunt, with whom one has a close affective relationship Tags: Ecuador, colloquial, feminine
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-~4B81X5B Categories (other): Ecuadorian Spanish
  5. (Latin America, dated) nursemaid, wet nurse Tags: Latin-America, dated, feminine Categories (topical): Female family members
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-zFYuUKXs Disambiguation of Female family members: 3 4 14 23 33 22 2 1 Categories (other): Latin American Spanish, Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish Disambiguation of Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish: 16 1 29 3 21 29
  6. (Spain, rare, informal, dated) maternal grandmother Tags: Spain, dated, feminine, informal, rare
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-HZ9Wyzdv Categories (other): Spanish Spanish, Spanish entries with incorrect language header, Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1 Disambiguation of Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish: 16 1 29 3 21 29
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈɲaɲa/, [ˈɲa.ɲa] Forms: ñañas [plural]
Rhymes: -aɲa Etymology: Likely a babble word of separate origins. Head templates: {{es-noun|f|~}} ñaña f (countable and uncountable, plural ñañas)
  1. (colloquial, Argentina, Uruguay, derogatory) ailment (especially when exaggerated or simulated) Tags: Argentina, Uruguay, colloquial, countable, derogatory, feminine, uncountable
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-~cmyATMq Categories (other): Argentinian Spanish, Uruguayan Spanish, Spanish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1
  2. (Nicaragua) feces Tags: Nicaragua, countable, feminine, uncountable
    Sense id: en-ñaña-es-noun-R7Zz4IEX Categories (other): Nicaraguan Spanish
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ñaña meaning in Spanish (7.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "qu",
        "3": "ñaña",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Quechua ñaña",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "qu",
        "3": "ñaña"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Quechua ñaña",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "nana",
        "4": "",
        "5": "grandma, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Quechua ñaña. Most senses likely influenced by Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ñañas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ñaña f (plural ñañas)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ña‧ña"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Andean Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Colombian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 29 3 21 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She's not my cousin, she's my sister.",
          "text": "Ella no es mi prima, es mi ñaña.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister, especially a liked one"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-Sld2ZqgF",
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Andes",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Andes, Colombia, of a woman) sister, especially a liked one"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a woman",
        "of a woman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Colombia",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Argentinian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ecuadorian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Peruvian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Hey, sis, come with me to the bakery for breakfast.",
          "text": "Oye, ñaña, acompáñame a la panadería para el desayuno.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-GYDTkn8H",
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, informal, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru) sister"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Argentina",
        "Ecuador",
        "Peru",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chilean Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ecuadorian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 29 3 21 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "older sister"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-GC~ssSvW",
      "links": [
        [
          "older sister",
          "older sister"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Ecuador, Chile) older sister"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "Ecuador",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ecuadorian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a female relative, such as a cousin or aunt, with whom one has a close affective relationship"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-~4B81X5B",
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "relative",
          "relative"
        ],
        [
          "cousin",
          "cousin"
        ],
        [
          "aunt",
          "aunt"
        ],
        [
          "affective",
          "affective"
        ],
        [
          "relationship",
          "relationship"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Ecuador) a female relative, such as a cousin or aunt, with whom one has a close affective relationship"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ecuador",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin American Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 29 3 21 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 14 23 33 22 2 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "es",
          "name": "Female family members",
          "orig": "es:Female family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family members",
            "Female people",
            "Family",
            "Female",
            "People",
            "Gender",
            "Human",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nursemaid, wet nurse"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-zFYuUKXs",
      "links": [
        [
          "nursemaid",
          "nursemaid"
        ],
        [
          "wet nurse",
          "wet nurse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Latin America, dated) nursemaid, wet nurse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "dated",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 1 29 3 21 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maternal grandmother"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-HZ9Wyzdv",
      "links": [
        [
          "grandmother",
          "grandmother"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Spain, rare, informal, dated) maternal grandmother"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Spain",
        "dated",
        "feminine",
        "informal",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲaɲa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲa.ɲa]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɲa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ñaña"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Likely a babble word of separate origins.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ñañas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "ñaña f (countable and uncountable, plural ñañas)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ña‧ña"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Argentinian Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uruguayan Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 1 27 2 9 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He is always whining about his ailments.",
          "text": "Él siempre está con muchas ñañas.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ailment (especially when exaggerated or simulated)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-~cmyATMq",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "ailment",
          "ailment"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Argentina, Uruguay, derogatory) ailment (especially when exaggerated or simulated)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Argentina",
        "Uruguay",
        "colloquial",
        "countable",
        "derogatory",
        "feminine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Nicaraguan Spanish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feces"
      ],
      "id": "en-ñaña-es-noun-R7Zz4IEX",
      "links": [
        [
          "feces",
          "feces"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Nicaragua) feces"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Nicaragua",
        "countable",
        "feminine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲaɲa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲa.ɲa]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɲa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ñaña"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɲa",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɲa/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish feminine nouns",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish terms borrowed back into Spanish",
    "Spanish terms borrowed from Quechua",
    "Spanish terms derived from Quechua",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish uncountable nouns",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec entries with incorrect language header",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec lemmas",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec nouns",
    "es:Female family members",
    "omq-tel:Mammals"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "qu",
        "3": "ñaña",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Quechua ñaña",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "qu",
        "3": "ñaña"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Quechua ñaña",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "es",
        "3": "nana",
        "4": "",
        "5": "grandma, etc."
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Quechua ñaña. Most senses likely influenced by Spanish nana (“grandma, etc.”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ñañas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ñaña f (plural ñañas)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ña‧ña"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Andean Spanish",
        "Colombian Spanish",
        "Spanish colloquialisms",
        "Spanish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "She's not my cousin, she's my sister.",
          "text": "Ella no es mi prima, es mi ñaña.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister, especially a liked one"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Andes",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Andes, Colombia, of a woman) sister, especially a liked one"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a woman",
        "of a woman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Colombia",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Argentinian Spanish",
        "Ecuadorian Spanish",
        "Peruvian Spanish",
        "Spanish colloquialisms",
        "Spanish informal terms",
        "Spanish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Hey, sis, come with me to the bakery for breakfast.",
          "text": "Oye, ñaña, acompáñame a la panadería para el desayuno.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, informal, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru) sister"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Argentina",
        "Ecuador",
        "Peru",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chilean Spanish",
        "Ecuadorian Spanish",
        "Spanish colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "older sister"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "older sister",
          "older sister"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Ecuador, Chile) older sister"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Chile",
        "Ecuador",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ecuadorian Spanish",
        "Spanish colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a female relative, such as a cousin or aunt, with whom one has a close affective relationship"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "relative",
          "relative"
        ],
        [
          "cousin",
          "cousin"
        ],
        [
          "aunt",
          "aunt"
        ],
        [
          "affective",
          "affective"
        ],
        [
          "relationship",
          "relationship"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Ecuador) a female relative, such as a cousin or aunt, with whom one has a close affective relationship"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Ecuador",
        "colloquial",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin American Spanish",
        "Spanish dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nursemaid, wet nurse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nursemaid",
          "nursemaid"
        ],
        [
          "wet nurse",
          "wet nurse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Latin America, dated) nursemaid, wet nurse"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Latin-America",
        "dated",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Spanish Spanish",
        "Spanish dated terms",
        "Spanish informal terms",
        "Spanish terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "maternal grandmother"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grandmother",
          "grandmother"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Spain, rare, informal, dated) maternal grandmother"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Spain",
        "dated",
        "feminine",
        "informal",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲaɲa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲa.ɲa]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɲa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ñaña"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɲa",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɲa/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish feminine nouns",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Spanish uncountable nouns",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec entries with incorrect language header",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec lemmas",
    "Teposcolula Mixtec nouns",
    "es:Female family members",
    "omq-tel:Mammals"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Likely a babble word of separate origins.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ñañas",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "ñaña f (countable and uncountable, plural ñañas)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ña‧ña"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Argentinian Spanish",
        "Spanish colloquialisms",
        "Spanish derogatory terms",
        "Spanish terms with usage examples",
        "Uruguayan Spanish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He is always whining about his ailments.",
          "text": "Él siempre está con muchas ñañas.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ailment (especially when exaggerated or simulated)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "ailment",
          "ailment"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial, Argentina, Uruguay, derogatory) ailment (especially when exaggerated or simulated)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Argentina",
        "Uruguay",
        "colloquial",
        "countable",
        "derogatory",
        "feminine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Nicaraguan Spanish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feces"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feces",
          "feces"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Nicaragua) feces"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Nicaragua",
        "countable",
        "feminine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɲaɲa/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɲa.ɲa]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɲa"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ñaña"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Spanish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.