iceberg

[i.θeˈβ̞eɾɣ̞]

[ˈai̯z.β̞eɾɣ̞]

Unadapted borrowing from English iceberg, from Dutch ijsberg (literally “ice mountain”).

der

(figuratively, Internet slang) an iceberg (A list, infographic, or other enumeration of such a topic and its subcomponents); (by extension) an iceberg video


delta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta).


atlas

(cartography) atlas (a bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text)


GPS

Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System

(cartography) GPS, Global Positioning System


abanico aluvial

es-noun

abanico aluvial m (plural abanicos aluviales)


accidente

→ Tagalog: aksidente

[aɣ̞.θiˈð̞ẽn̪.t̪e]


tierra

Inherited from Latin terra, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”).

(geography) land, ground (the part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water)


caverna

Borrowed from Latin caverna. Cognate with English cavern.


bahía

→ Cebuano: bahiya

Borrowed from French baie, from Late Latin baia, perhaps of Iberian origin.


polo

Borrowed from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos).


gola

Inherited from Old Spanish gola, from Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”). Doublet of the borrowing gula.


garganta

Brill Publishers
The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel

q

French: Gargantua (a character from François Rabelais's 16th-century pentalogy The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel.)

English: gargantuan

French: gargantuesque

→ Haitian Creole: gagann

[ɡaɾˈɣ̞ãn̪.t̪a]

From a substrate language *gʷr̥h₃gn̥t- (“throat”), cognate with Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“neck, throat”) and English craw (from Proto-Germanic *k(w)ragan(þ)-), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow”). Alternatively, onomatopoeic. Compare English gargle.


gabacho

es-adj

gabacho (feminine gabacha, masculine plural gabachos, feminine plural gabachas)

gabacha (feminine)
gabachos (masculine plural)
gabachas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Occitan gavach originally ‘bird’s crop, goitre, swelling’, later ‘mountain-dweller, northerner, peasant’ (because of the high incidence of disease in these populations).


altiplano

La Mancha es un altiplano.


joya

Borrowed from Old French joie, alternative form of jouel (source of modern French joyau and Spanish joyel), from Latin jocus.

(El Salvador, Puerto Rico, rustic, geography) basin


ecuador

ecuadores (plural)
equador (alternative)

Semi-learned borrowing from Medieval Latin aequātōrem, based on Latin aequō (“to make equal”).


montaña

→ English: Montana

Inherited from Old Spanish montanna, from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem.


cinturón

→ Tagalog: sinturón

[θĩn̪.t̪uˈɾõn]

From cintura + -ón. Compare Portuguese cinturão.


hemisferio

From Latin hēmisphaerium, from Ancient Greek ἡμισφαίριον (hēmisphaírion), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”).


colina

Borrowed from Italian collina, from Late Latin collīna, from the feminine of Latin collīnus, from collis (“hill”) + -ina, from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís (“top, hill, rock”).


cordillera

→ English: cordillera

→ Italian: cordigliera

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Old Spanish cordilla, cordiella, diminutive of cuerda (“a rope, string”). See English cord.

(geography) cordillera (extensive mountain range)


paso

Inherited from Old Spanish paso, from Latin passus (“step, pace”). Cognate with Catalan pas, Romanian pas, Galician paso, Portuguese passo and English pace and pass.


seno

Inherited from Old Spanish seno, from Latin sinus, from Proto-Indo-European *sinos. Compare French sein, Italian seno, Romanian sân, Romansch sain.


estrecho

Inherited from Old Spanish estrecho, from Latin strictus. Doublet of estricto, which was borrowed from Latin.


faja

Borrowed from Aragonese faixa, from Latin fascia, whence also the now rare inherited doublet haza (“portion of land for sowing”).


grado

Inherited from Old Spanish grado (“staircase; rank, dignity”), inherited from Latin gradus (“a step, pace; step of a staircase; degree”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). The retention of the -d- is due to the invalidity of the -ao hiatus in Old Spanish that would result from dropping it, compare the retention of -d- and -g- in vado, espárrago, agosto, llaga. Portuguese grau. Doublet of grao.

der

El agua suele hervir a cien grados centígrados.

Water usually boils at 100 degrees Celsius.


estribo

Uncertain; probably from a Germanic language. Cognate with Portuguese estribo, Catalan estrep, Occitan estreup, and French étrier.


cañón

→ English: canyon

→ Polish: kanion

→ Tagalog: kanyon

From caño (“tube, pipe”) + -ón (augmentative).


-ía

es-noun

-ía f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ías)

araucano (“Araucanian”) + -ía → Araucanía (“Araucania”)

(geography) forms the names of places from their inhabitants; -ia


golfo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin or Late Latin colfus, colphus, culfus, alteration of colpus following hypercorrection of the popular pronunciation of Latin 'ph' as 'p', itself from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).


cayo

→ English: cay, cayo

Borrowed from Taíno cayo (“small island”).


cueva

Chavacano: cueva

→ Bikol Central: kuweba

→ Cebuano: kuweba

→ Ilocano: kueba

→ Tagalog: kuweba

→ Waray-Waray: kuweba

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cova, from covus, alternative form of Latin cavus (or from a variant of Late Latin cava, from cavum, cavus), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱówHwos (“cavity”). Compare Portuguese cova. Not related to English cove, despite the similarity in meaning.

(Argentina, euphemistic) black-market bureau de change; a place to exchange pesos for dólares blue.


cuesta

Inherited from Latin costa (“rib; side, wall”), later coming to mean “edge” or “coast” in Medieval Latin. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kost-. Compare the borrowed doublet costa.


acantilado

es-adj

acantilado (feminine acantilada, masculine plural acantilados, feminine plural acantiladas)

acantilada (feminine)
acantilados (masculine plural)
acantiladas (feminine plural)


geodesia

Tagalog: heodesya

Borrowed from New Latin [Term?], from Ancient Greek γεωδαισία (geōdaisía, “division of the earth”).


latitud

Borrowed from Latin lātitūdō (“breadth, width, latitude”), from lātus (“broad, wide”).


antártico

es-adj

antártico (feminine antártica, masculine plural antárticos, feminine plural antárticas)

antártica (feminine)
antárticos (masculine plural)
antárticas (feminine plural)
antárctico (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin antarcticus, from Ancient Greek ἀνταρκτικός (antarktikós, “opposite the arctic”).


faz

From Old Spanish faz, from Latin faciēs. Doublet of facies and haz (“face”).


geografía

→ Basque: geografia

→ Chamorro: yeogråfia

→ Tagalog: heograpiya


cascada

Borrowed from Italian cascata, from cascare (“to fall”), based on Latin cāsus (“fallen”).


cartesiano

es-adj

cartesiano (feminine cartesiana, masculine plural cartesianos, feminine plural cartesianas)

cartesiana (feminine)
cartesianos (masculine plural)
cartesianas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from New Latin Cartesiānus, from Cartesius (“René Descartes”).


fiordo

Borrowed from Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr, from a root shared by Latin portus (“harbor”).


longitud

Borrowed from Latin longitūdō (“length, longitude”), from longus (“long”).


estuario

Borrowed from Latin aestuārium, from aestus (“tide”).


plano acotado

es-noun

plano acotado m (plural planos acotados)


barranco

Uncertain; maybe of pre-Roman origin. Cognate with Catalan barranc; cf. barra (“clay, mud”).

A little fire burned in the hollow of the dusty barranco, a clear red fire of the kind that gives little light and makes no smoke, and its pale glow showed but feebly against the rock behind.

1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 7, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:


montañoso

es-adj

montañoso (feminine montañosa, masculine plural montañosos, feminine plural montañosas)

montañosa (feminine)
montañosos (masculine plural)
montañosas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Late Latin montāniōsus, an adjective based on montānia, from Latin montem (“mountain”). By surface analysis, montaña + -oso. Cognate with English mountainous.


meseta

From mesa (“raised land”) + -eta (diminutive suffix).


grafómetro

graphometer, semicircle (surveying instrument)


cartógrafo

es-noun

cartógrafo m (plural cartógrafos, feminine cartógrafa, feminine plural cartógrafas)

cartógrafos (plural)
cartógrafa (feminine)
cartógrafas (feminine plural)


atolón

Borrowed from Middle French atolon, from Dhivehi އަތޮޅު (atoḷu).


BRICS

BRICS (canonical masculine plural)
Brics (alternative)


ocaso

Borrowed from Latin occāsus, deverbal of occido (“to fall down, set”).


trópico

From Latin tropicus, from Ancient Greek τροπικός (tropikós), from τροπή (tropḗ, “a turning”).


estribación

(geography) spur, ridge, buttress (protruding part of mountains)


témpano de hielo

es-noun

témpano de hielo m (plural témpanos de hielo)


cordal

(geography) range; mountain range, sierra


batimétrico

es-adj

batimétrico (feminine batimétrica, masculine plural batimétricos, feminine plural batimétricas)

batimétrica (feminine)
batimétricos (masculine plural)
batimétricas (feminine plural)

From bati- + -métrico or batimetría + -ico.


secarral

Y si "a Madrit no ho entenen", da igual, que se queden ahí, en el secarral de "la meseta", en el "poblachón manchego", en ese "intratable país de cabreros".

2015 July 18, “Cómo escribir un artículo”, in El País:

(geography) a dry or arid plain; dryland


Primavera Árabe

(geopolitics) Arab Spring (2010 pro-democracy movement in Arab countries)


tómbolo

De entre los accidentes geográficos, el tómbolo destaca por su esbeltez: una lengua de arena o istmo que –solo en bajamar si le rodea el Atlántico- permite llegar a una franja de tierra.

2015 November 4, “Diez hábitats costeros únicos en España”, in El País:


sistema de posicionamiento global

es-noun

sistema de posicionamiento global m (plural sistemas de posicionamiento global)

sistemas de posicionamiento global (plural)

(cartography) Global Positioning System, GPS


IGN

(geography, Guatemala) Initialism of Instituto Geográfico Nacional (the Guatemalan national geographic institute)

Instituto Geográfico Nacional

(geography, Spain) Initialism of Instituto Geográfico Nacionall (the Spanish national geographic institute)


semiplano

es-adj

semiplano (feminine semiplana, masculine plural semiplanos, feminine plural semiplanas)

semiplana (feminine)
semiplanos (masculine plural)
semiplanas (feminine plural)


corográfico

corográfico (feminine corográfica, masculine plural corográficos, feminine plural corográficas)

corográfica (feminine)
corográficos (masculine plural)
corográficas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χωρογραφικός (khōrographikós). By surface analysis, corografía + -ico.

bor+

χωρογραφικός


agua superficial

es-noun

agua superficial f (plural aguas superficiales)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:agua superficial.


hipsométrico

es-adj

hipsométrico (feminine hipsométrica, masculine plural hipsométricos, feminine plural hipsométricas)

hipsométrica (feminine)
hipsométricos (masculine plural)
hipsométricas (feminine plural)


hipsometría

From hipsómetro + -ía or Ancient Greek ῠ̔́ψος (hŭ́psos) + -metría.


lengua de tierra

es-noun

lengua de tierra f (plural lenguas de tierra)

(geography) spit (of land jutting out into the sea)