Guatemala

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Cuauhtēmallān, from cuauhtēmalli (“woodpile”) + -tlān (“place”).

bor+

salir de Guatemala y meterse en Guatepeor

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


México

→ Dutch: Mexico

desctree

→ English: Mexico, México, Mehico (chiefly humorous pronunciation spelling)
→ Assamese: মেক্সিকো (meksikü)
→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܟܣܝܩܘ (mksiqw)
→ Burmese: မက္ကဆီကို (makka.hcikui)
→ Chinese: 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē)
→ Dhivehi: މެކްސިކޯ (mek̊sikō)
→ Finnish: Meksiko
→ Hebrew: מֶקְסִיקוֹ (méksiko)
→ Hindi: मेक्सिको (meksiko)
→ Irish: Meicsiceo
→ Japanese: メキシコ (Mekishiko)
→ Korean: 멕시코 (Meksiko)
→ Thai: เม็กซิโก (mék-sí-goo)
→ Yoruba: Mẹ́síkò

→ Esperanto: Meksiko

→ Faroese: Meksiko

→ French: Mexique
Antillean Creole: Meksik
Haitian Creole: Meksik
→ Arabic: المكسيك
→ Persian: مکزیک (mekzik)
→ Khmer: ម៉ិចស៊ិក (məcsɨk)
→ Norman: Mexique
→ Romanian: Mexic

→ German: Mexiko

→ Greek: Μεξικό (Mexikó)

→ Japanese: メヒコ (Mehiko)

→ Korean: 메히꼬 (Mehikko)

→ Polish: Meksyk

→ Portuguese: México

→ Slovak: Mexiko

→ Tagalog: Mehiko

→ Vietnamese: Mê-hi-cô

→ Yiddish: מעקסיקע (meksike)

1579, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco, originally a toponym for the Valley of Mexico. Aside from the element -co, the Nahuatl locative suffix, the etymology of this place-name remains uncertain.
It has been suggested to be derived from Mēxihtli, a name belonging to the Aztecs' patron god Huitzilopochtli, in which case the associated locative name could be interpreted as ("place of Huitzilopochtli" or “place where Huitzilopochtli lives”). Another hypothesis suggests the name to be a portmanteau of the words mētztli (“moon”) + xīctli (“navel”), hence the hypothetical original form *Mētzxīcco, meaning “place at the navel/center of the moon”, perhaps referring to the city of Tenochtitlan's position in Lake Texcoco, which was the central lake of a system of interconnected lakes whose shape was likened to that of a rabbit by the Aztecs; an animal associated to the moon. (If that is the case, then the sound of tz /t͡s/ in mētz- has been absorbed into the initial x /ʃ/ of -xīc-, while the geminate cc /kː/ in -xīcco has been transformed into the consonant cluster hc /ʔk/.) A third hypothesis suggests a derivation incorporating metl (“maguey”) (stem me-), perhaps from Mēctli, a maguey goddess, Proto-Uto-Aztecan [Term?].

Aguascalientes · Baja California · Baja California Sur · Campeche · Chiapas · Chihuahua · Coahuila · Colima · Durango · Guanajuato · Guerrero · Hidalgo · Jalisco · México · Michoacán · Morelos · Nayarit · Nuevo León · Oaxaca · Puebla · Querétaro · Quintana Roo · San Luis Potosí · Sinaloa · Sonora · Tabasco · Tamaulipas · Tlaxcala · Veracruz · Yucatán · Zacatecas

(Mexico) Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


San Marino

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Paraná

Borrowed from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

Paraná (the provincial capital of Entre Ríos, Argentina)


Canberra

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


Ottawa

Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; the capital city of Canada)


Brasilia

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur (the capital city of Malaysia)


Georgetown

[ˈɟ͡ʝoɾt͡ʃ.t̪ãũn]

[ˈɟ͡ʝoɾt͡ʃ.t̪ãũn]

[ˈʃoɾt͡ʃ.t̪ãũn]

[ˈʒoɾt͡ʃ.t̪ãũn]


Amsterdam

Amsterdam (a city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; the capital city of the Netherlands)


Madrid

Formerly Magerit; etymology uncertain, but probably derived from one or more of the following:
* Latin matrix (“mother or womb [of rivers]”),
* Arabic مَجْرًى (majran, “channel”)
* hypothetical Celtic *Mageto-ɸritus (“great ford”)


Barcelona

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)

Barcelona (the capital city of the state of Anzoátegui, Venezuela)


Belfast

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Belfast (the capital city of Northern Ireland)


Caracas

→⇒ Ye'kwana: Kadakanña


Helsinki

Helsinki (the capital city of Finland; a municipality, the capital of the region of Uusimaa, Finland)


Kabul

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: Afganistán


Kiev

Kyiv (The capital city of Ukraine and regional administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast)


La Paz

es:La Paz (Baja California Sur)
es:la Paz

La Paz (a city, the department capital of the La Paz department, Honduras)


Lhasa

Lhasa (the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China)


Manila

→ Cantonese: 馬尼拉 /马尼拉 (maa⁵ nei⁴ laai¹)

desc

⇒ Chamorro: cha'kan manila, chotdan Manila

→ English: Manila

→ Korean: 마닐라 (manilla)

→ French: Manille

→ Hokkien: 馬尼拉 /马尼拉 (Má-nî-la), 岷里拉 (Bîn-lí-la), 岷尼拉 (Bîn-nî-la)

→ Ibaloi: Manida

→ Japanese: マニラ (Manira)

→ Mandarin: 馬尼拉 /马尼拉 (Mǎnílā)

→ Tagalog: Manila

Borrowed from Tagalog Maynila, from may (“there is”) + nila (“indigo”), Tagalog nila from Sanskrit नील (nīla).

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines; the regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon)


Montevideo

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


Nicosia

From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), q.v. Doublet of Lefkosia.

Nicosia (the capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus)


Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)


Padua

Padua (the capital city of Padua, Italy)


Quito

Named after the Quitu tribe. The name is a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (“center”) + to (“the world”); roughly translating as "center of the world."


Tirana

Tirana (a municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality)


Valencia

→ Cebuano: Valencia

→ Chinese: 巴倫西亞 /巴伦西亚 (Bālúnxīyà)

→ Tagalog: Valencia

Borrowed from Catalan València, from Latin Valentia.

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)


Zagreb

[ˈθa.ɣ̞ɾeβ̞]

[ˈsa.ɣ̞ɾeβ̞]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


Benevento

Benevento (the capital city of the province of Benevento, Campania, Italy)


Bolzano

Trentino-Alto Adige
Trentino-Alto Adige#English

Bolzano (the provincial capital of South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy)


Brescia

Brescia (the capital city of Brescia province, Lombardy, Italy)


Turku

Southwest Finland
Southwest Finland#English

Turku (a municipality, the capital city of the region of Southwest Finland)


Vaduz

Vaduz (a town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein)


Chisinau

Chișinău (the capital city and municipality of Moldova)


Gdansk

Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

Gdańsk (the capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)


Douglas

Unadapted borrowing from English Douglas.

ubor

Douglas (the capital city of the Isle of Man, United Kingdom)


Bratislava

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


Colombo

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


Bilbao

Three possibilities are:
* From Basque billa (“stacking”) + Spanish vaho (“steam, mist”).
* Evolution of Spanish bello vado (“beautiful river crossing”), from the Roman name, Latin bellum vadum.
* From Basque billa-ibaia-bao (“river cove”).

Bilbao (the largest city in the Basque Country, in northern Spain, and capital city of the province of Biscay, Spain)


Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


Rabat

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


Medina

Medina (the capital city of the Medina region, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam)


Bagdad

[baɣ̞ˈð̞að̞]

Baghdad (the capital city of Iraq)
Baghdad (a governorate of Iraq)


Bogotá

From an unattested Chibcha word variously described as the name of the surrounding region, the capital of the Muisca Confederation, the original name of the town of Funza, the name of a Muisca cacique or his title.
Various forms have been proposed as the original name, such as Bacatá (possibly a later invention ); Bocatá, meaning “fields’ end” and the name of a cacique; Bogote, referring to the Bogotá Savannah and used as a hereditary title; Muequetá, supposedly from Chibcha muyquy (“field”) + ta (“inside; field”).

Bogota, Bogotá (the capital city of Colombia)

Bogotá Savannah
Funza
Muisca Confederation


Tokio

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Singapur

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


Lisboa

Borrowed from Portuguese Lisboa, displacing Spanish Lisbona, both from Latin Olisīpō.


Windhoek

Windhoek (a city, the capital city of Namibia)


Londres

→ Tagalog: Londres

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Moscú

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)


Karachi

Karachi (the capital of Sindh, Pakistan)


Honiara

Honiara (the capital city of the Solomon Islands)


Bandar Seri Begawan

Borrowed from Malay Bandar Seri Begawan.

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


Islamabad

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


Santiago

Inherited from Latin Sanctus Iācōbus (“Saint James”), the latter word deriving from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (ya‘ăqṓḇ, “Jacob”, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (‘āqḗḇ, “heel of the foot”).

der

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)


Asunción

From asunción (“assumption (of Mary to heaven)”), shortened from María (de la) Asunción, a Roman Catholic epithet of the Virgin Mary.

any of a number of places, including Asunción (the capital city of Paraguay)


Sucre

Sucre (the constitutional capital of Bolivia)


San Salvador

San Salvador (the capital city of El Salvador)


Tegucigalpa

From Classical Nahuatl, though the exact word is unknown.

Tegucigalpa (the capital city of Honduras)


Paramaribo

Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)


Santo Domingo

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


San José

San José (the capital city of Costa Rica)


Lyon

Lyon, Lyons (the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


Bridgetown

Bridgetown (the capital city of Barbados)


Bangui

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


Suva

Borrowed from Fijian Suva, from suva (“mound”), from Proto-Central Eastern Oceanic *supa.


Bissau

Bissau (the capital city of Guinea-Bissau)


Dijon

Dijon (the capital city of the Côte-d'Or department, France)


Toulouse

Borrowed from Latin Toulouse, from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; the capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Pretoria

Pretoria (the administrative capital of South Africa)


Sevilla

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Borrowed from Arabic إِشْبِيلِيَة (ʔišbīliya), a deformation of the Latin Hispalis, ultimately from Phoenician 𐤔𐤐𐤋𐤄 (šplh /sefela/, “valley, plain”).

bor+

إِشْبِيلِيَة

der

Seville (the capital city of Andalusia, Spain)


Guadalajara

→ English: Guadalajara

→ French: Guadalajara

Borrowed from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).

bor+

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

Guadalajara (a city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain)


Basseterre

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Basseterre (the capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis)


Castries

Castries (the capital city of Saint Lucia)


Freetown

Freetown (the capital city of Sierra Leone)


Kingstown

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Kingstown (the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)


Managua

El Infiernillo carga la fama de ser la peor mazmorra de Managua.

2023 February 10, Iker Seisdedos, “Relatos de la peor mazmorra de Nicaragua: “Nos engrillaban para dormir o cuando nos llevaban al ‘túnel’. Allí te esperaban los golpes””, in El País:


Santa Fe

Santa Fe (the capital city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina); in full, Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz


Praga

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Ciudad del Vaticano

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Berlín

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)


Antananarivo

Antananarivo (the capital city of Madagascar)


San Juan

several places named after Saint John or Saint John the Baptist

San Juan (the capital city of Puerto Rico)


Riad

Borrowed from Arabic الرِّيَاض (ar-riyāḍ, literally “the meadows”).

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


París

Borrowed from Old French Paris, from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lutetia Parisiorum "Lutetia of the Parisii", from Latin Parisiī, a Gaulish tribe, from Proto-Celtic *par (“boat”).

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Copenhague

Borrowed from Danish København, from Old Danish Køpmannæhafn.

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Ciudad de México

Mexico City (the capital and largest city of Mexico)


Viena

Borrowed from Old French Vienne, from Old High German [Term?]. Perhaps, ultimately, from Latin Vindobona.


Roma

Inherited from Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Los antiguos alcanzaban mayor longevidad, porque eran bautizados con óleos venidos directamente de Roma, que, por cierto, debían tener más virtud y eficacia que los nuestros.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 190:


Antofagasta

Antofagasta (a province and city, the regional capital of Antofagasta, Chile)


Sofía

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σοφία (sophía, “wisdom”).


Estrasburgo

Strasbourg (the capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Edimburgo

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


Oviedo

Originally known as Ovetao, or Ovetum (in Latin).

Oviedo (the capital city of Asturias, Spain)


Santiago de Chile

the full name of Santiago, the capital city of Chile


Santo Domingo de Guzmán

[ˌsãn̪.t̪o ð̞oˌmĩŋ.ɡo ð̞e ɣ̞uθ̬ˈmãn]

[ˌsãn̪.t̪o ð̞oˌmĩŋ.ɡo ð̞e ɣ̞uzˈmãn]

the full name of Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic


Santa Fe de Bogotá

the full name of Bogota, the capital city of Colombia


San Pablo

San Pablo (the capital city of San Pablo canton, Heredia Province, Costa Rica)

San Pablo (a town, the capital of the province of San Pablo, Cajamarca Region, Peru)


Tiflis

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


Túnez

Tunis (The capital city, since 1159, and largest city of Tunisia)


Tsjinval

Tskhinvali (the capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia)


La Haya

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


Friburgo

[fɾiˈβ̞uɾ.ɣ̞o]

Fribourg (the capital city of Fribourg canton, Switzerland)


Damasco

Inherited from Old Spanish Damasco, from Latin Damascus, from Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from Semitic.


Bucaramanga

Bucaramanga (a city and municipality, the capital of the Santander department, in northern Colombia)


Jerusalén

Inherited from Old Spanish Iherusalem, from Late Latin Ierūsalēm, Hierūsalēm, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Jerusalem (the de-facto capital city of Israel)

Jerusalem (the claimed capital city of Palestine)


Marrakech

Marrakech m or f same meaning (canonical)
Marraquech (alternative)

Borrowed from French Marrakech. Doublet of Marruecos.

Marrakech (the capital city of the Marrakesh-Safi region, Morocco)


Ciudad de Guatemala

Guatemala City (the capital city of Guatemala)


Pekín

From the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), reinforced by Postal Romanization from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/. Compare Portuguese Pequim, English Peking, Tagalog Peking.

Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)

Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)
es:Pekín


Niza

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Nice (a coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France)


Angora

From Latin Ancyra, from Ancient Greek Ἄγκυρα (Ánkura), from ἄγκυρα (ánkura, “anchor”).


Brujas

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Old French Bruges, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”), ultimately from Frankish *bruggju.

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Liubliana

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


Lucerna

Lucerne (the capital city of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland)


Nuakchot

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


Saná

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


Skopie

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


Ciudad del Cabo

[θjuˌð̞að̞ ð̞el ˈka.β̞o]

Cape Town (the legislative capital of South Africa)


Uagadugú

Ouagadougou (the capital city of Burkina Faso)


Puerto Príncipe

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


Andorra la Vieja

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


Casablanca

Calque of Portuguese Casa Branca, itself calqued from Arabic الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء (ad-dār al-bayḍāʔ, “the white home”).

الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء

Casablanca (the capital city of the region of Casablanca-Settat, Morocco)


Arica

Arica (a city, the provincial capital of Arica, Chile)


La Habana

From Taíno Habaguanex, the native American chief (Cacique) who controlled the area.


Huehuetenango

The capital city of the Huehuetenango department, Guatemala


Seúl

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


Lobamba

Lobamba (the traditional and legislative capital of Eswatini)


Jamestown

[ˈɟ͡ʝẽĩms.t̪ãũn]

[ˈɟ͡ʝẽĩms.t̪ãũn]

[ˈʃẽĩms.t̪ãũn]

[ˈʒẽĩms.t̪ãũn]

Jamestown (the capital city of Saint Helena)


Reikiavik

Borrowed from Icelandic Reykjavík (literally “bay of smokes”).


Mendoza

→ Bikol Central: Mendoza

→ Cebuano: Mendoza

→ English: Mendoza

→ Tagalog: Mendoza

Mendoza (a city, the provincial capital of Mendoza, Argentina)


Ginebra

Geneva (the capital city of Geneva canton, Switzerland)

Yves Bertossa, el fiscal jefe del cantón de Ginebra, ha solicitado a la justicia española que le entregue las ofertas presentadas por el consorcio de 12 empresas —capitaneadas por Renfe, Talgo, Adif y OHL— que obtuvo el contrato del AVE de Medina a La Meca, en Arabia Saudí.

2020 June 10, “El fiscal suizo que investiga la cuenta del rey emérito pide las ofertas de la obra del AVE a La Meca”, in El País:

Yves Bertossa, the chief prosecutor of the canton of Geneva, has asked the Spanish justice system to deliver the offers submitted by the consortium of 12 companies —led by Renfe, Talgo, Adif and OHL— that obtained the contract for the AVE from Medina to Mecca, in Saudi Arabia.


Monterrey

Borrowed from Galician Monterrei, from monte (“mountain”) + rei (“king”), equivalent to Spanish monte + rey.

A town, the capital of Orense in Galicia, Spain


Pionyang

[ˌpjõɲˈɟ͡ʝãn]

[ˌpjõɲˈɟ͡ʝãn]

[ˌpjõnʲˈʃãn]

[ˌpjõnʲˈʒãn]

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


Pequín

Alternative spelling of Pekín: Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China)


Dubái

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Logroño

Unknown, but most likely from Old Spanish lo (definite article) + Celtiberian gronio (“ford”). More at Logroño.

Logroño (the capital city of La Rioja, Spain)


La Rioja

The province in Argentina is named after the region in Spain.

La Rioja (the capital of La Rioja, Argentina)


Tiro

Borrowed from Latin Tyrus (“Tyre”), from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros) from Phoenician [Term?]; see Tyre for more information.

Tyre (an ancient city-state in Phoenicia)

Tyre (a port city, the capital of Tyre district, Lebanon)


Tolosa

Inherited from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin. Doublet of Toulouse.

Toulouse (the capital city of the Haute-Garonne department, France; the capital city of the region of Occitanie)


Mosul

Mosul (the capital city of the Nineveh governorate, Iraq)


Abu Dabi

[ˌa.β̞u ˈð̞a.β̞i]

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; the capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


Lefkosia

From Greek Λευκωσία (Lefkosía), from a variant of Byzantine Greek Λευκουσία (Leukousía), deriving from various Ancient Greek forms adapting an early or pre-Greek name recorded under numerous variations of Λήδρα (Lḗdra).

Lefkosia (the capital city of Cyprus; the capital city of Northern Cyprus)


Trujillo

From the city in Spain, from Arabic تُرْجَالَة (turjāla), from Latin Turgalium.

one of several cities, districts, and provinces, mostly in Spanish-speaking countries:

A city, the provincial capital of Trujillo, Peru


Pereira

the capital city of Antioquia department, Colombia


Ámsterdam

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


Cusco

A city, the provincial capital of Cusco, Peru


Grozni

Grozny (the regional capital and largest city in Chechnya, Russia)


Burdeos

Bordeaux (the capital city of the Gironde department, France; the capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine)


Ushuaia

From Yámana ush (“towards the back, deep”) + waia (“bay; cove”), meaning “deep bay” or “bay towards the back”.

Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur#English

Ushuaia (a city, municipality, and capital of Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Argentina)


Adís Abeba

Addis Abeba (alternative)
Addis Abbaba (alternative)

Addis Ababa (the capital and largest city of Ethiopia)


Gasteiz

Vitoria (the capital city of the Basque Country, Spain)


México D.F.

D.F. stands for Distrito Federal (federal district)

Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)


Antioquía

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia).

Antakya (a modern city, the capital of Hatay Province, Turkey)


Cayena

Cayenne (the capital city of the overseas department of French Guiana)


Esmirna

Borrowed from Latin Smyrna, from Ancient Greek Σμύρνα (Smúrna).

İzmir (a modern city, the capital of İzmir Province, in western Turkey)


Kazán

Kazan (the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia)


Kinsasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Lilongüe

Lilongwe (a city, the capital city of Malawi)


San Jorge

St. George's (the capital city of Grenada)


Marsella

Ultimately from Latin Massilia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía). See French Marseille for more information.

Marseille (the capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


Taskent

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


Ulán Bator

Borrowed from Russian Ула̀н-Ба́тор (Ulàn-Bátor), from Mongolian ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (Ulaɣanbaɣatur).

Ула̀н-Ба́тор

der

^ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


Nasáu

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


Porto Novo

Porto-Novo (the official capital city of Benin)


Ruan

Rouen (the capital city of Normandy, France)


Barcino

Barcelona (the capital city of Catalonia, Spain)


Sívar

Dios nos proteja de esas calles de sivar

2024 March 3, @DaSwift21, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-03-09:

God save us from the streets of San Salvador

El tráfico de Sivar es un desperdicio de vida constante.

2024 March 7, @jaguzmanx, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-03-09:

Traffic in San Salvador is a constant waste of life (time).

Dios a^([sic]) sido bueno conmigo desde el día 01 qué tomé la decisión de dejar Sivar

2024 March 8, @Nickyyy_29, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-03-09:

God has been good with me since the first day I took the decision to leave San Salvador

(colloquial, El Salvador) San Salvador (The capital city of El Salvador.)


Fort-de-France

Fort-de-France (the capital city of the French department of Martinique)


Ripoll

Ripoll (the capital of Ripollès, Girona, Catalonia)


Puerto España

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)


La Plata

La Plata (the capital city of Buenos Aires province, Argentina).


Arequipa

A city, the provincial capital of Arequipa, Peru


Ica

→ Russian: И́ка (Íka)

A city, the provincial capital of Ica, Peru


Washington D. C.

[ˌɡwa.ʃĩn̪.t̪õn̪ ˌd̪e ˈθe]

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Neuquén

Neuquén (the capital city of Neuquén province, Argentina)


Pistoya

Borrowed from Italian Pistoia, from Latin Pistōrium. Compare bisturí.

Pistoia (a city and province in Tuscany, Italy)


Tumbes

A city, the provincial capital of Tumbes, Peru


Talara

A city, the provincial capital of Talara, Peru and the westernmost city in mainland South America


Huanta

A town, the provincial capital of Huanta, Peru


Canta

A town, the provincial capital of Canta, Peru


Cangallo

A town, the provincial capital of Cangallo, Peru


Palpa

A town, the provincial capital of Palpa, Peru


Ilave

A city, the district capital of Ilave, El Collao province, Peru


Paita

A city, the provincial capital of Paita, Peru


Chachapoyas

A city, the provincial capital of Chachapoyas, Peru


Chepén

A city, the provincial capital of Chepén, Peru


Pacasmayo

A city, the provincial capital of Pacasmayo, Peru


Camaná

A city, the provincial capital of Camaná, Peru


Pisco

A city, the provincial capital of Pisco, Peru


Cutervo

A city, the provincial capital of Cajamarca, Peru


Puerto Real

English: Port Royal

French: Port-Royal

Port Royal (the former capital city of Jamaica)


Paracas

→ English: Paracas

The capital city of Paracas district, Pisco, Ica, Peru


Yoro

Yoro (a city, the department capital of the Yoro department, Honduras)


Melipilla

Melipilla (a commune, provincial capital, and city in Melipilla, Chile)


Matanzas

From matanza (“massacre”), referring to a supposed slaughter of Spanish conquistadors by native fishermen of the area.

Matanzas Province
Matanzas Province#English

Matanzas (a city, the capital of Matanzas Province, Cuba)


Jacmel

Jacmel (a port town, commune, and capital of the Sud-Est department, Haiti)


Mahón

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

The capital city of Minorca, Balearic Islands, officially Maó in Catalan


Nursultán

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


Fray Bentos

From fray (“friar”) + Bentos, Friar Benedict, a reclusive priest.

Fray Bentos (a city, the capital of the Río Negro department, Uruguay).


Tuguegarao

Tuguegarao (a city, the provincial capital of Cagayan, Cagayan Valley, Luzon, Philippines; the regional capital of Cagayan Valley)


Lanús

Lanús (the capital city of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina)


Barquisimeto

Barquisimeto (the capital city of Lara, Venezuela)


Gualeguaychú

The capital city of the Gualeguaychú department, Entre Rios, Argentina


Cienfuegos

Named after José Cienfuegos, captain general of Cuba (1816-19).


Viedma

Named after Francisco de Viedma (1737–1809).

named-after

Viedma (a city, the capital of Río Negro province, Argentina).


Resistencia

Resistencia (a city, the capital of Chaco, Argentina)


Puerto Williams

Named after John Williams Wilson, British settler who founded Fuerte Bulnes, the first settlement in the Strait of Magellan.

Antártica Chilena
Antártica Chilena#English

Puerto Williams (a city, the capital of Antártica Chilena, Magallanes, Chile)


Santa Cruz de la Sierra

Santa Cruz de la Sierra
w:Santa Cruz de la Sierra

Santa Cruz de la Sierra (a city, the capital of the Santa Cruz department, Bolivia)


Coronel Oviedo

Named after Florentín Oviedo, Paraguayan military leader.

Coronel Oviedo (a city, the capital of the Caaguazú department, Paraguay)


Ciudad del Este

Ciudad del Este (a city, the capital of the Alto Paraná department, Paraguay, at the border with Brazil at Foz do Iguaçu)


Tunja

Tunja (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Boyacá department, Colombia)


Ibagué

Ibagué (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Tolima department, Colombia)


Quibdó

Quibdó (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Chocó department, Colombia)


San José del Guaviare

San José del Guaviare
w:San José del Guaviare

San José del Guaviare (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Guaviare department, Colombia)


Higüey

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Higüey (a city, a municipality, the capital of La Altagracia, Dominican Republic)


Santiago de los Caballeros

Santiago de los Caballeros
w:Santiago de los Caballeros

Santiago de los Caballeros (a city, a municipality, the capital of Santiago, Dominican Republic)


Nagua

María Trinidad Sánchez
María Trinidad Sánchez#English

Nagua (a town, a municipality, the capital of María Trinidad Sánchez, Dominican Republic)


San Sívar

Xq a Morazán , mejor a San sivar en el estadio universitario o una permuta ...... Hubiera llegado más geente

2024 August 6, @rowalacosta63, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

Why to Morazán?, it would have been better to San Salvador in the university stadium or a swap ...... More people would have turn up

Amonos para los San sivar pueeesss ojalá no me llene de piojos

2023 December 26, @Laleon27, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

Let's go to San Salvador then, I hope I don't get lice

Horrible tráfico hacía san sivar

2023 February 10, @ManuelOstorga1, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

San Salvador (The capital city of El Salvador.)