Sámar

Samar (an island in Eastern Visayas, Philippines)

Samar (a province of the Philippines; capital: Catbalogan; largest city: Calbayog)


Mazatlán

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Mazatlan.


Culiacán

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Colhuacán.

Culiacan (the state capital of Sinaloa, Mexico)


Monzón

A city, a municipality of Huesca, Aragon, Spain


Ciudad del Carmen

Ciudad del Carmen
Ciudad del Carmen#English

Ciudad del Carmen (a city in Campeche, Mexico, on Carmen Island)


Santiago de Querétaro

Querétaro (the state capital, the largest city in Querétaro, Mexico)


Ciudad Acuña

Ciudad Acuña (a city in Coahuila, in northern Mexico)


Cápiz

Capiz (a province of the Philippines, on northern Panay island; capital and largest city: Roxas)

Capiz (a historical province of the Philippines; modern Capiz and Aklan; capital: Capiz)

Capiz (a historical municipality of Capiz, Philippines; modern Roxas)


Playa del Carmen

Playa del Carmen
Playa del Carmen#English

Playa del Carmen (a city in Quintana Roo, Mexico, to the south of Cancún)


Jalajala

Corruption of Tagalog halaan (“mussel”).

Jalajala (a municipality of Rizal, Philippines)


Guimba

Guimba (a municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


Cabiao

Cabiao (a municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


Binondo

→ Hokkien: 岷倫洛 /岷伦洛 (Bîn-lûn-lo̍h)

→ Mandarin: 岷倫洛 /岷伦洛 (Mínlúnluò)

→ English: Binondo

→ Tagalog: Binondo

From an older form Binondoc or Minondoc, as attested in the Velarde map, possibly from Tagalog binundok (“formed into a mound or embankment; species of rice grown in fertile irrigated land”), from bundok (“mountain”) + -in- (“verb infix”), according to Nick Joaquin, or from *ming- + Tagalog tundok, according to Potet.

infix

Binondo (a district of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines)


Bataán

Bataan (a province of the Philippines; capital and largest city: Balanga)


Manáoag

Manaoag (a municipality of Pangasinan, Philippines)


Maragondón

Maragondon (a municipality of Cavite, Philippines)


Mecabayan

Meycauayan (a city in Bulacan, Philippines)


Bocaue

Bocaue (a municipality of Bulacan, Philippines)


Calasiao

Calasiao (a municipality of Pangasinan, Philippines)


Lubao

Lubao (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Guagua

Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Sexmoán

Hispanicized form of Kapampangan sasmuan (“meeting place”). Spanish ⟨x⟩, then pronounced /ʃ/ in Early Modern Spanish period, became pronounced /ks/ due to spelling pronunciation. The ⟨a⟩ transformed to ⟨e⟩ due to the Kapampangan schwa /ə/ sound.

former name for Sasmuan, a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines


El Arenal

Palma de Mallorca
Palma de Mallorca#English

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

A beach resort near Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands. Official name: s'Arenal


Culebra

The name of the island is derived from culebra (“snake, serpent”), referring to the abundance of culebra corredora (“Puerto Rican racer, Borikenophis portoricensis”) snakes on the island.

An island and municipality of Puerto Rico


Vieques

First attested in 1527. Derived from a Taíno source. The name of the island is conjectured to derive either from a toponym meaning "small land" or from the name of a local cacique.

An island and municipality of Puerto Rico.


Culebrita

Derived from Culebra (a toponym) + -ita. The island was named for its small size compared to adjacent Culebra.


Cayo Norte

The island is named for its location when seen from Culebra.


Cayo Luis Peña

The island is named after its second owner, one Luis Peña.


Jardines del Rey

Derived from the plural form of jardín (“garden”) and rey (“king”). The archipelago is named in honour of king Ferdinand II of Aragon (1452 - 1516). See also Jardines de la Reina.


Jardines de la Reina

Derived from the plural form of jardín (“garden”) and reina (“queen”). Coined by Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in honour of queen Isabella I of Castille (1451 - 1504). See also Jardines del Rey.


Jersón

Kherson (a city in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine)


Bahía Blanca

Bahía Blanca (a city in Buenos Aires, Argentina)


Bisayas

Pluralisation of Cebuano Bisaya. Compare English Visayas.

Visayas (an archipelago in the Philippines)


Adjuntas

Derived from the feminine plural form of adjunto (“attached”). The toponym is likely derived from a shortening of tierras adjuntas a Coamo ("lands attached/near Coamo").


Sigüenza

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

A town in Guadalajara province, Castile-La Mancha, Spain


Despeñaperros

Verb-object compound, composed of despeña (“to throw off a cliff”) + perros (“dogs”).

es-verb-obj

a river in Spain that flows through Ciudad Real and Jaén, flowing into the Guarrizas River


benque

(Honduras) logging camp (generally located on a riverbank)


Benque Viejo del Carmen

From benque (“logging camp”) + viejo (“old”) + (Nuestra Señora) del Carmen (“(Our Lady) of Mount Carmel”).

com

Benque Viejo del Carmen
Benque Viejo del Carmen#English

Benque Viejo del Carmen (a town in Belize)


Rondón

The Colombian town was named after Juan José Rondón, from the original toponym San Rafael.

Rondón (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Gatún

A town in Panama, formerly in the Panama Canal Zone


Tuguegarao

Tuguegarao (a city, the provincial capital of Cagayan, Cagayan Valley, Luzon, Philippines; regional capital of Cagayan Valley)


Tapachula

Tapachula (a city, a municipality of Chiapas, Mexico)


Yaviza

[ɟ͡ʝaˈβ̞i.θa]


Valledupar

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Valledupar (a city, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Lanús

Lanús (the capital city of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina)


Barquisimeto

Barquisimeto (the capital city of Lara, Venezuela)


Los Cabos

Baja California Sur
Baja California Sur#English

A municipality of Baja California Sur, Mexico, consisting of the towns of Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo


Bariloche

San Carlos de Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche#English

Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche (a city in Río Negro, Argentina)


Motagua

a river in Central America, flowing through Guatemala and Honduras into the Caribbean Sea


Albares

Albares (a municipality of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain)


Irapuato

Irapuato (a city and municipality of Guanajuato, Mexico)


Gualeguaychú

The capital city of the Gualeguaychú department, Entre Rios, Argentina


Recoleta

A neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina


Nuevo Laredo

United States of America
United States of America

Nuevo Laredo (a city in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, on the border with the United States of America)


Cuéllar

English: Cuellar

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Cuéllar (a town and municipality of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain)


Carreño

Carreño (a municipality of Gijón, Asturias, Spain)


Zapopan

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Tzapopan, from tzapotl (“sapote”) + -pan

Zapopan (a city and municipality of Jalisco, Mexico)


Dixie Alley

Unadapted borrowing from English Dixie Alley.

ubor

Dixie Alley
Dixie Alley#English:_Q3032600

(meteorology) Dixie Alley (a region of the Gulf of Mexico coast United States, which experiences a large number of tornado occurrences)


Chinesca

English: Chinesca, La Chinesca

Chinesca: A district of Mexicali, Mexico; the Chinatown (Barrio Chino) of Mexicali, the largest Chinatown (barrio chino) in Mexico


Lasarte

A hamlet in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Basque Country, Spain

A municipality of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain


Chimayó

→ English: Chimayo

census-designated place
census-designated place

Chimayo (a census-designated place in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties, New Mexico, United States)


Tetuán

Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima#English

Tétouan (a city in Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco)


Alegría

A town in the Usulután department, El Salvador


Heliconia

Heliconia (a town, a municipality of Antioquia, Colombia).


Cienfuegos

Named after José Cienfuegos, captain general of Cuba (1816-19).


Mombuey

→ English: Mombuey

Province of Zamora
Province of Zamora#English

Mombuey (a village in Province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain)


Valencia del Mombuey

→ English: Valencia del Mombuey

Valencia del Mombuey
Valencia del Mombuey#English

Province of Badajoz
Province of Badajoz#English

Valencia del Mombuey (a village in Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain)


Reino de España

Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Spain#English

Kingdom of Spain (official name of Spain)


Brunete

Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid#English

A town in the Community of Madrid, Spain.


Algete

A town in the Community of Madrid, Spain


Azcoitia

Azkoitia (a town and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain)


Beasáin

Beasain (a town and municipality of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain)


Guetaria

Getaria (a village and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain)


Amorebieta

Amorebieta-Etxano (a town and municiplity in Biscay, Basque Country, Spain).


Sangüesa

Probably Latin sānctōrum ossa. Compare Basque Zangoza.

Sangüesa (a town and municipality of Navarre, Spain)


Amorebieta-Echano

Amorebieta-Etxano (a town and municipality of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain).


Guisona

Guissona (a town and municipality of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain)


Bañolas

Banyoles (a town and municipality of Girona, Catalonia, Spain)


Villafranca del Panadés

Vilafranca del Penedès
Vilafranca del Penedès#English

Vilafranca del Penedès (a town and municipality of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain)


Resistencia

Resistencia (a city, the capital of Chaco, Argentina)


Dipólog

Zamboanga del Norte
Zamboanga del Norte#English

Dipolog (a city, the provincial capital of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines)


Pagadían

Multiple etymologies exist:
* The city is believed to have been an Iranun trading post in the past, and so a blend of Iranun pagad (“to wait”) + padian (“market”) are widely accepted as the roots of the name.
* Possibly from Central Subanen gagadian, a bird that the native inhabitants call.
* Possibly from the Cebuano word pangadyian (“a place to pray; land of prayers”).
* Also speculated to be derived from Central Subanen pengadian (“school”).

Zamboanga del Sur
Zamboanga del Sur#English

Pagadian (a city, the provincial capital of Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines)


Puerto Varas

Puerto Varas (a city and commune of Puerto Varas, Chile)


Puerto Williams

Named after John Williams Wilson, British settler who founded Fuerte Bulnes, the first settlement in the Strait of Magellan.

Antártica Chilena
Antártica Chilena#English

Puerto Williams (a city, the capital of Antártica Chilena, Magallanes, Chile)


Cuajinicuilapa

Cuajinicuilapa (a town, a municipality of Guerrero, Mexico)


Lagos de Moreno

Lagos de Moreno (a city, a municipality of Jalisco, Mexico)


Tunja

Tunja (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Boyacá department, Colombia)


Tepatitlán

Tepatitlán (a city, a municipality of Jalisco, Mexico)


Quibdó

Quibdó (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Chocó department, Colombia)


Tuxtla Gutiérrez

Compound name from Tuxtla + Gutiérrez, after Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez, Mexican politician.

Tuxtla Gutiérrez (a city, the state capital of Chiapas, Mexico)

es:Joaquín Miguel Gutiérrez
es:Tuxtla Gutiérrez


Tulancingo

Tulancingo (a city, a municipality of Hidalgo, Mexico)


Coronel Oviedo

Named after Florentín Oviedo, Paraguayan military leader.

Coronel Oviedo (a city, the capital of the Caaguazú department, Paraguay)


Asunción Nochixtlán

Compound name from Asunción + Nochixtlán, from Nahuatl Nochiztli.

Asunción Nochixtlán
w:Asunción Nochixtlán

Asunción Nochixtlán (a city in Oaxaca, Mexico)


Hidalgo del Parral

Named after Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican Catholic priest and independence leader.

Hidalgo del Parral (a city, a municipality of Chihuahua, Mexico)


Los Mochis

Los Mochis (a city, a municipality in northern Sinaloa, Mexico)


Cabo San Lucas

Baja California Sur
Baja California Sur#English

Cabo San Lucas (a city, a municipality of Baja California Sur, Mexico)


Higüey

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Higüey (a city, a municipality, the capital of La Altagracia, Dominican Republic)


Ibagué

Ibagué (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Tolima department, Colombia)


San Luis Río Colorado

San Luis Río Colorado
w:San Luis Río Colorado

San Luis Río Colorado (a city, a municipality of Sonora, Mexico, at the border with Arizona)


San Cristóbal de las Casas

San Cristóbal de las Casas
w:San Cristóbal de las Casas

San Cristóbal de las Casas (a city, a municipality of Chiapas, Mexico)


Chetumal

Chetumal (a city, a municipality, the state capital of Quintana Roo, Mexico)


Lázaro Cárdenas

Named after Lázaro Cárdenas, 51st president of Mexico.

Lázaro Cárdenas
w: Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán

Lázaro Cárdenas (a city, a municipality of Michoacán, Mexico)

Lázaro Cárdenas
es:Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán


San José del Guaviare

San José del Guaviare
w:San José del Guaviare

San José del Guaviare (a city, a municipality, the capital of the Guaviare department, Colombia)


Nagua

María Trinidad Sánchez
María Trinidad Sánchez#English

Nagua (a town, a municipality, the capital of María Trinidad Sánchez, Dominican Republic)


Santa Cruz de Mompox

Santa Cruz de Mompox
w:Santa Cruz de Mompox

Santa Cruz de Mompox (a town, a municipality of the Bolívar department, Colombia)


Ciudad del Este

Ciudad del Este (a city, the capital of the Alto Paraná department, Paraguay, at the border with Brazil at Foz do Iguaçu)


Santa Cruz de la Sierra

Santa Cruz de la Sierra
w:Santa Cruz de la Sierra

Santa Cruz de la Sierra (a city, the capital of the Santa Cruz department, Bolivia)


María Trinidad Sánchez

Named after María Trinidad Sánchez, Dominican soldier and heroine.

María Trinidad Sánchez
w:María Trinidad Sánchez Province

María Trinidad Sánchez (a province of the Dominican Republic; capital: Nagua)

María Trinidad Sánchez
es:Provincia de María Trinidad Sánchez


La Altagracia

La Altagracia (a province of the Dominican Republic; capital: Higüey)


Granma

Named after Granma, the yacht used by Che Guevara, Fidel Castro and 82 guerrillas during the Cuban Revolution, from English grandma.

Granma (a province of Cuba, originally part of Oriente province; capital: Bayamo)

Che Guevara
Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro
Granma (yacht)
es:Provincia de Granma


Varadero

Matanzas Province
Matanzas Province#English

Varadero (a city, a resort town in Matanzas Province, in central Cuba)


Zitácuaro

Zitácuaro (a city, a municipality of Michoacán, Mexico)


Collipulli

Collipulli (a commune and city in Collipulli, Chile)


Lebu

Lebu (a commune and city in Lebu, Chile)


Talcahuano

Talcahuano (a commune and city in Talcahuano, Chile)


Sancti Spíritus

From Latin sancti spiritus, genitive case of sanctus spiritus (“Holy Spirit”).

es:Provincia de Sancti Spíritus
es:Sancti Spíritus

Sancti Spíritus (a city in Sancti Spíritus, in central Cuba)

Sancti Spíritus (a province in central Cuba)


Ciudad de Zamboanga

Chavacano: Ciudad de Zamboanga

[θjuˌð̞að̞ ð̞e θãm.boˈãŋ.ɡa]

Zamboanga Sibugay
Zamboanga Sibugay#English

Zamboanga City (an independent city in Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines)


Capiatá

Capiatá (a city in the Central department, Paraguay)


Santiago de los Caballeros

Santiago de los Caballeros
w:Santiago de los Caballeros

Santiago de los Caballeros (a city, a municipality, the capital of Santiago, Dominican Republic)


Andoáin

Andoain (a town and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain).


Elgóibar

Borrowed from Basque Elgoibar, from elge (“field”) + ibar (“valley”).

Elgoibar (a town and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain).


Ondárroa

Ondarroa (a town and municipality of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain).


Berástegui

Berastegi (a village and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain).


Lecumberri

Lekunberri (a village and municipality of Navarre, Spain).


Orendáin

[o.ɾẽn̪ˈd̪ãĩn]

Orendain (a village and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain).


Rentería

From rentería (“customs”), compare the Basque borrowing Errenteria.

Errenteria (a town and municipality of Guipúzcoa, Basque Country, Spain).


Galdácano

From an unattested given name with the Latin suffix -ānum. Compare with Basque Galdakao, which has lost the nasal.

Galdakao (a town and municipality of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain).


Barásoain

A village and municipality of Navarre, Spain.


Idiazábal

Idiazabal (a village and municipality of Biscay, Basque Country, Spain).

A village and municipality of Córdoba, Argentina.


Labayen

Labaien (a village and municipality of Navarre, Spain).


Cárcar

Cárcar (a town and municipality of Navarre, Spain)


Calapán

Oriental Mindoro
Oriental Mindoro#English

Calapan (a city, the provincial capital of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


Mindoro Oriental

Oriental Mindoro (a province of the Philippines)


Nauján

Naujan (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


Mindoro Occidental

Occidental Mindoro
Occidental Mindoro#English

Occidental Mindoro (a province of the Philippines)


Malabón

Malabon (an independent city in Metro Manila, Philippines)


Gran Manila

Metro Manila (a region, a metropolitan area in the Philippines; capital: Manila; largest city: Quezon City)


Luzón Central

[luˌθõn̟ θẽn̪ˈt̪ɾal]

Central Luzon (a region of the Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles)


Echagüe

Echague (a municipality of Isabela, Philippines)


Valle del Cagayán

Cagayan Valley (a region of the Philippines; capital and largest city: Tuguegarao)


Sámar Oriental

Eastern Samar (a province of the Philippines; capital: Borongan)


Puerto Galera

Puerto Galera (a municipality of Oriental Mindoro, Philippines)


Sorsogón

Sorsogon (a province of the Philippines; capital: Sorsogon City)

Sorsogon City (the capital city of Sorsogon, Philippines; capital: Sorsogon City)


Guiuan

Guiuan (a municipality of Eastern Samar, Philippines)


Borongan

[boˈɾõŋ.ɡãn]

Borongan (a city, the provincial capital of Eastern Samar, Eastern Visayas, Philippines)


Estepona

Estepona (a town, a municipality of Málaga, Andalusia, Spain)


Ferrol

Attested from the 11th century, of uncertain origin, perhaps from the Latin Ferreolus, a name, or from ferrō (“iron”).

Ferrol (a city in A Coruña, Galicia, Spain)


Talavera de la Reina

Castile-La Mancha
Castile-La Mancha#English

A town, a municipality of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain


Soyapango

Borrowed from Pipil zuyat (“palm”) + pan (“over”) + co (“place, valley”): "palm valley". Alternatively, borrowed from Pipil zuyat (“palm”) + apan (“river”) + co (“place”): "palm river valley"

A town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador


Bacólod

Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental#English

Bacolod (a city, the provincial capital of Negros Occidental, Philippines)


Benarés

Borrowed from Hindustani بنارس / बनारस (banāras), likely via the English Benares.

Varanasi, Benares (a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, sacred to Hinduism and Jainism).


Jovenlandia

From joven (“young man”) + -landia (“-land”). Used ironically in social networks to denounce that the media headline a "young man" when the offender is an immigrant, hiding any type of information. It is also used to avoid censorshop in the social networks.

El término tan polémico de “jovenlandia” ha emergido en las redes y suele servir denunciar la ocultación sobre el país de origen del autor de los hechos delictivos del que rara vez se ofrecen detalles en el cuerpo del artículo.

2023 July 10, “"Jovenlandia": el país tabú del que algunos medios no quieren ni hablar bajo censura encubierta”, in h50:

2023 December 14, “#RAEconsultas En efecto, en páginas de Internet y redes circulan «Jovenlandia/jovenlandés» como topónimo/gentilicio irónicos, para aludir a jóvenes de origen extranjero que aparecen en noticias, generalmente como (presuntos) autores de delitos, y cuya nacionalidad se obvia.”, in RAE on Twitter:

(Internet slang, derogatory, euphemistic, Spain) Morocco, Maghreb


Azuara

Azuara (a municipality of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain).


Bardenas Reales

las Bardenas Reales (canonical feminine plural)

A semi-desert natural region, or badlands, in southeast Navarre, Spain.


El Ferrol del Caudillo

From being the birthplace of Francisco Franco, who assumed the title Caudillo.

Y ahora, además de la amenaza de expropiación de la polémica tumba, el Ayuntamiento de la ciudad también ha aprobado una moción socialista para pedirles a Google y Facebook que dejen de usar El Ferrol del Caudillo como topónimo.

2018 September 30, Paco Rego, “Queriendo desenterrar hasta al abuelo de Franco”, in El Mundo:

And now, in addition to the threat of expropriation of the controversial tomb, the city council has also approved a socialist motion to ask Google and Facebook to stop using El Ferrol del Caudillo as a placename.

(historical) Official name of the municipality Ferrol in Galicia, Spain, from 1938–1982.


Perukistán

(derogatory or self-deprecatory, Internet slang) Peru.


Utebo

Borrowed from Aragonese Utevo, from Latin Octavus.


Miajadas

Inherited from Old Spanish Meaxadas, of uncertain further origin.

Miajadas (a municipality of Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain)


Tumbiscatío

Tumbiscatío (a municipality of Michoacán, Mexico)


Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares

Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares
w:Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares

Coalcomán de Vázquez Pallares (a town and municipality of Michoacán, Mexico)


Almadén

Almadén (a town and municipality of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha, Spain)


Almendralejo

Almendralejo (a city and municipality in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain)


Cabezamesada

Cabezamesada (a municipality of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain)


Edoméx

→ English: Edomex

Estado de México
Estado de México#Spanish

Synonym of Estado de México (“the state of Mexico”)


Pendejistán

From pendejo (“dumbass”) + -istán, due to the association of the word "pendejo" with Mexico where it is used as a vulgar slang word.


Liérganes

Liérganes (a comarca in Cantabria, Spain)


Pámanes

Pámanes (a town in Liérganes, Cantabria, Spain)


Pedreña

Marina de Cudeyo
Marina de Cudeyo#English

Pedreña (a town in Marina de Cudeyo, Cantabria, Spain)


Aguilares

A city in the San Salvador department, El Salvador


Narcolombia

Blend of narco (“drug trafficking”) + Colombia.


Suchitoto

From earlier Suchitot (1548), possibly from Pipil shuchit (“flower”) + tutut (“bird”), the second term likely influenced by Classical Nahuatl tōtōtl (“bird”).

A town in the Cuscatlán department, El Salvador


Guazapa

Borrowed from Pipil huatza (“dry”) + apan (“river”), or from Borrowed from Pipil guaz (“migratory bird”) + apan (“river”)

bor+

Guazapa (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Apopa

Borrowed from Pipil Apukpan (“place with mist”).

A town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador


San Pablo Tacachico

A town in the La Libertad department, El Salvador


Ayutuxtepeque

Borrowed from Pipil ayutuch (“armadillo”) + tepet (“hill”).


Cuscatancingo

Cuscatancingo (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Mejicanos

From Pipil Mejicanos (“place of mexicas”).

Mejicanos (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


El Paisnal

Borrowed from Pipil pachti + nal. Compare with pahtli.

El Paisnal (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Nejapa

Borrowed from Pipil neshti (“ash”) + apan (“river”).

Nejapa (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Ilopango

From Pipil elut (“maize”) + pan (“place”) + co (“in”).

Ilopango (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Panchimalco

From Pipil pantichimalku (“place of flags and shields”).

bor

Panchimalco (a town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador)


Panchimalco

From Nahuatl panchimallico (“on shields”).


Jijona

A town in Valencia, Spain, famous for its turron.


Teocaltiche

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Teocaltillitzin (“place near the temple”).

bor+

Teocaltiche (a town and municipality of Jalisco, Mexico).


Alsacia-Lorena

Alsace-Lorraine (a historical state in Germany (1871-1918); modern Grand Est)


Yenín

Jenin (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Intramuros

From intramuros (“within the city walls”).

Intramuros (a district of Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines)


Izalco

A town in the Sonsonate department, El Salvador


Isla Verde

Verde Island (an island in the Philippines)


Corregidor

Corregidor (an island in the Philippines)


Pozoblanco

Pozoblanco (a town and municipality of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain)


Ajijic

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl Axixic (“place where water bubbles up”).


Corozal

Corozal (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Ramala

From Arabic رَام اَللّٰه (rām allāh). The spelling is suggested by Fundéu for use in Spanish-language publications.

bor

رَام اَللّٰه

Ramallah (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


San Sívar

Xq a Morazán , mejor a San sivar en el estadio universitario o una permuta ...... Hubiera llegado más geente

2024 August 6, @rowalacosta63, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

Why to Morazán?, it would have been better to San Salvador in the university stadium or a swap ...... More people would have turn up

Amonos para los San sivar pueeesss ojalá no me llene de piojos

2023 December 26, @Laleon27, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

Let's go to San Salvador then, I hope I don't get lice

Horrible tráfico hacía san sivar

2023 February 10, @ManuelOstorga1, Twitter, archived from the original on 2024-08-09:

(colloquial, El Salvador) San Salvador (The capital city of El Salvador.)


La Serena

La Serena (a commune and city in La Serena, Chile)


República Popular Democrática de Corea

head

República Popular Democrática de Corea f

/reˌpublika popuˌlaɾ demoˌkɾatika de koˈɾea/

[reˌpu.β̞li.ka po.puˌlaɾ ð̞e.moˌkɾa.t̪i.ka ð̞e koˈɾe.a]

Democratic People's Republic of Korea#English:_Q423

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Official name of North Korea.)

es:República Popular Democrática de Corea


Puente Alto

Puente Alto (a commune of Santiago, Chile)


Clemencia

Clemencia (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Rosario de Mora

From a 1807 hacienda named "El Rosario."

A town in the San Salvador department, El Salvador


Apaneca

Borrowed from Pipil apan (“river”) + ejekat, ehecat (“wind”): "wind river."


Tonacatepeque

Borrowed from Pipil tonacatzon (“ruins”) + tepet (“hill, mountain”): "hill of ruins".


Atiquizaya

Borrowed from Pipil at (“water”) + quizayan (“origin”): "place of springs."


Ogadén

[o.ɣ̞aˈð̞ẽn]

Pese a la derrota somalí en el Ogadén, el ejército etíope hallará dificultad en pacificar la región;[…]

1988, Juan F. Benemelis, Castro, subversión y terrorismo en Africa, →ISBN, page 433:

Despite Somali defeat in the Ogaden, the Ethiopian army will find difficulties in pacifying the region; […]

[…]que organizó una invasión a gran escala del pedregoso desierto del Ogadén, a fin de crear la Gran Somalia.

2014, Francisco Veiga Rodríguez, Leyla Hamad Zahonero, Ignacio Gutiérrez de Terán, Yemen. La clave olvidada del mundo árabe, →ISBN, page 108:

[…] who organized a great-scale invasion of the rocky Ogaden desert, in order to create Greater Somalia.

Somalia sufrió una derrota estrepitosa en la Guerra de Ogadén en marzo de 1978 al enfrentar a la artillería y apoyo aéreo cubano, y cuatro días después anunció su retirada.

2019, Ma. de Lourdes González Prieto, Norma Ada Segura Landa, La crisis de Somalia, la seguridad regional en África y la seguridad internacional, →ISBN, page 1947:

Somalia suffered a resounding defeat in the Ogaden War in March 1978 when facing Cuban artillery and air support, and four days later it announced its withdrawal.


El Porvenir

A town in the Santa Ana department, El Salvador


Tangamandapio

→ English: Tangamandapio

→ Portuguese: Tangamandápio


Ilobasco

A town in the Cabañas department, El Salvador


Jujutla

A town in the Ahuachapán department, El Salvador


Guaymango

Perhaps borrowed from Pipil kuay (“frog”) + manko (“valley”).


Concepción de Ataco

Borrowed from Pipil at (“water”) + aku (“high”) + ko (“place”)


San Francisco Menéndez

Francisco Menéndez
es:San Francisco Menéndez


Acelhuate

From Pipil atzelwia (“irrigated land”) + at (“water”).


San Isidro

A town in the Morazán department, El Salvador


Arcatao

A town in the Chalatenango department, El Salvador


Agua Caliente

Literally, “hot water”, because of the hot springs in the city.


Cojutepeque

The second part, tepeque. is derived from Classical Nahuatl tepēc (“on a hill”). The first part, cojute, is disputed.

A town in the Cuscatlán department, El Salvador


San Matías

A town in the La Libertad department, El Salvador


Comalapa

From Classical Nahuatl comalli (“pan used to grill tortillas”) + atl (“water”) + -pan.


Zacatecoluca

A town in the La Paz department, El Salvador


El Carmen

Named after Nuestra Virgen del Carmen (Our Lady of Mount Carmel).


San Francisco Morazán

Francisco Morazán
es:San Francisco Morazán


Quezaltepeque

From Classical Nahuatl quetzalli (“quetzal feather”) + tepec (“on a hill”).


Ciudad Arce

[θjuˌð̞að̞ ˈaɾ.θe]

Literally, “Arce city”, named after Salvadoran general Manuel José Arce.


Pasaquina

A town in the La Unión department, El Salvador


Chinameca

A town in the San Miguel department, El Salvador


Mercedes La Ceiba

Literally, “Mercedes the silk-cotton tree”, from mercedes (“mercies”), shortened from María (de las) Mercedes, a Roman Catholic epithet of the Virgin Mary as "Our Lady of Mercy".


Meanguera del Golfo

A town and island in the La Unión department, El Salvador


El Tránsito

Literally, “the transit”, from tránsito (“transit”), shortened from Tránsito de María, a feast known as "Dormition of the Mother of God."


Paraíso de Osorio

Literally, “Osorio's paradise”, named after general Rafael Osorio.


Tepetitán

A town in the San Vicente department, El Salvador


San Gerardo

[ˌsãŋ xeˈɾaɾ.ð̞o]


Caluco

A town in the Sonsonate department, El Salvador


Tecapán

A town in the Usulután department, El Salvador


San Esteban Catarina

Named after Saint Stephen and Saint Catherine of Alexandria.

Catherine of Alexandria
es:San Esteban Catarina


Ciudad Barrios

Literally, “Barrios city”, named after Salvadoran military officer and politician Gerardo Barrios.


San Buenaventura

From the word San (“Saint”) and the first name Buenaventura.


Mercedes Umaña

From the 1874 caserío Mercedes, located in the Umaña hacienda.


Anamorós

From Lencan anam ("cornfield") (a variation of ama ("maize, corn")) + -oros (place prefix).


Conchagüita

An island in the gulf of Fonseca, El Salvador


Martín Pérez

An Island in the gulf of Fonseca, El Salvador


Armañac

Armagnac (A region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


Magallón

Magallón (a municipality of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain).


Lachinoamérica

Blend of Latinoamérica (“Latin America”) + chino (“Chinese”), the earliest documented use dates to December 5th, 2009 on the Argentine magazine Zoom, though as a search term on the internet, it dates back to June 2004.

blend

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(slang, often derogatory) Latin America, viewed as a region economically influenced by the People's Republic of China.


II Región

(historical) Former name of the Antofagasta region in Chile.


X Región

(historical) Former name of the Los Lagos region in Chile.


IV Región

(historical) Former name of the Coquimbo region in Chile.


VI Región

(historical) Former name of the O'Higgins region in Chile.


VII Región

(historical) Former name of the Maule region in Chile.


VIII Región

(historical) Former name of the Biobío region in Chile.


III Región

(historical) Former name of the Atacama region in Chile.


XII Región

(historical) Former name of the Magallanes region in Chile.


IX Región

(historical) Former name of the Araucanía region in Chile.


XI Región

(historical) Former name of the Aysén region in Chile.


V Región

(historical) Former name of the Valparaíso region in Chile.


I Región

(historical) Former name of the Tarapacá region in Chile.


XVI Región

(historical) Derogated name of the Ñuble region in Chile.


XIV Región

(historical) Former name of the Los Ríos region in Chile.


XV Región

(historical) Former name of the Arica y Parinacota region in Chile.


Región Metropolitana de Santiago

Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region


Curepto

Curepto (a commune and city in Curepto, Chile)


La Ligua

La Ligua (a commune and city in La Ligua, Chile)


Freirina

Freirina (a commune and city in Freirina, Chile)


San Felipe de Aconcagua

From San Felipe and the former Aconcagua province.


Combarbalá

Combarbalá (a commune and city in Combarbalá, Chile)


Curacautín

Curacautín (a commune and city in Curacautín, Chile)


Coelemu

Coelemu (a commune and city in Coelemu, Chile)


Coyhaique

Coyhaique (a commune and city in Coyhaique, Chile)


Lautaro

Lautaro (a commune and city in Lautaro, Chile)


Parral

Parral (a commune and city in Parral, Chile)


Pisagua

Pisagua (a commune and city in Pisagua, Chile)


Illapel

Illapel (a commune and city in Illapel, Chile)


Putaendo

Putaendo (a commune and city in Putaendo, Chile)


Mulchén

Mulchén (a commune and city in Mulchén, Chile)


Juan Fernández

Juan Fernández (a commune and city in Juan Fernández, Chile)


Traiguén

[t̪ɾai̯ˈɣ̞ẽn]

Traiguén (a commune and city in Traiguén, Chile)


Yumbel

Yumbel (a commune and city in Yumbel, Chile)


Maullín

Maullín (a commune and city in Maullín, Chile)


Vallenar

Vallenar (a commune and city in Vallenar, Chile)


Yungay

[ɟ͡ʝũŋˈɡai̯]

[ɟ͡ʝũŋˈɡai̯]

Yungay (a commune and city in Yungay, Chile)


Ovalle

Ovalle (a commune and city in Ovalle, Chile)


Panguipulli

Panguipulli (a commune and city in Panguipulli, Chile)


Villarrica

Villarrica (a commune and city in Villarrica, Chile)


Calbuco

Calbuco (a commune and city in Calbuco, Chile)


Limache

Limache (a commune and city in Limache, Chile)


Calama

Calama (a province and city in Calama, Chile)


Pitrufquén

Pitrufquén (a commune and city in Pitrufquén, Chile)


Cerdaña

Cerdanya (a historical region in Catalonia)


territorio de Angol

Territorio de Llanquihue (canonical masculine)

territory of Llanquihue
territory of Llanquihue


territorio de Aysén

Territorio de Aysén (canonical masculine)


territorio de Magallanes

Territorio de Magallanes (canonical masculine)

territory of Magallanes
territory of Magallanes


territorio de Antofagasta

Territorio de Antofagasta (canonical masculine)

territory of Antofagasta
territory of Antofagasta


ciudad que nunca duerme

la ciudad que nunca duerme (canonical feminine)

City That Never Sleeps
City That Never Sleeps


Esuatini

Eswatini (a country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland)


cordillera de los Andes

la cordillera de los Andes (canonical feminine)

→ French: cordillère des Andes

Holonym: cordillera Americana

The Andes Mountains (a mountain range in South America).


Lenne

A toponym for rivers and settlements in Germany


Segunda Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of II Región


Quinta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of V Región


Séptima Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of VII Región


Octava Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of VIII Región


Novena Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of IX Región


Sexta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of VI Región


Cuarta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of IV Región


Décima Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of X Región


Tercera Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of III Región


Decimoprimera Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of XI Región


Decimosegunda Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of XII Región


Decimoquinta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of XV Región


Primera Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of I Región


Decimocuarta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of XIV Región


Decimosexta Región

(historical) Alternative spelling of XVI Región


Cominges

Holonym: Gascuña


Miravalles

Miravalles (a hamlet in San Xulianu, Asturias, Spain)


Peñafiel

Castile and León
Castile and León#English

Peñafiel (a town and municipality of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain).


Suráfrica

Compound of sur (“south”) + África (“Africa”).

com+

(uncommon) Alternative form of Sudáfrica.


Berbeo

Berbeo (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Gachalá

A town in Cundinamarca, Colombia, after which a famous emerald is named.


Amagá

Amagá (a town, a municipality of Antioquia, Colombia).


Oporapa

Oporapa (a town, a municipality of Huila, Colombia).


Maceo

Maceo (a town, a municipality of Antioquia, Colombia).


Confines

Confines (a town, a municipality of Santander, Colombia).


Aratoca

Aratoca (a town, a municipality of Santander, Colombia).


Cepitá

Cepitá (a town, a municipality of Santander, Colombia).


Togüí

From Chibcha for either "river of the wife" or "house of the dog".

Togüí (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Salgar

Salgar (a town, a municipality of Antioquia, Colombia).


Carepa

Carepa (a town, a municipality of Antioquia, Colombia).


Chalán

Chalán (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Cotorra

Cotorra (a town, a municipality of Córdoba, Colombia).


Chimá

Chimá (a town, a municipality of Córdoba, Colombia).


Puerres

Puerres (a town, a municipality of Nariño, Colombia).


Sandona

Sandona (a town, a municipality of Nariño, Colombia).


Coveñas

Coveñas (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Colosó

Colosó (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Maicao

Maicao (a town, a municipality of La Guajira, Colombia).


Uribia

Uribia (a town, a municipality of La Guajira, Colombia).


Mallama

Mallama (a town, a municipality of Nariño, Colombia).


Riohacha

Riohacha (a city, a municipality of La Guajira, Colombia).


Urumita

Urumita (a town, a municipality of La Guajira, Colombia).


Guaranda

Guaranda (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Galeras

Galeras (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Nóvita

Nóvita (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Sipí

Sipí (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Juradó

Juradó (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Bagadó

Bagadó (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Condoto

Condoto (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Riosucio

Riosucio (a town, a municipality of Caldas, Colombia).

Riosucio (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Marmato

Marmato (a town, a municipality of Caldas, Colombia).


Aguadas

Aguadas (a town, a municipality of Caldas, Colombia).


Lloró

Lloró (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Samaná

Samaná (a town, a municipality of Caldas, Colombia).


Nuquí

Nuquí (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Bojayá

Bojayá (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Sáchica

Sáchica (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Acandí

Acandí (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Pácora

Pácora (a town, a municipality of Caldas, Colombia).


Ráquira

Ráquira (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Cereté

Cereté (a town, a municipality of Córdoba, Colombia).


Cucaita

From Chibcha for either "Seminary enclosure" or "Shade of the farming fields".

Cucaita (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Monguí

Monguí (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Sogamoso

Sogamoso (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Tópaga

Tópaga (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Tibasosa

Tibasosa (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Pachavita

From Chibcha for either "Peak of the man" or "Proud chief".

Pachavita (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Chinavita

From Chibcha for either "illuminated hilltop" or "our hill".

Chinavita (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Úmbita

Úmbita (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Boavita

Boavita (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Susacón

Susacón (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Garagoa

From Chibcha for either "Behind the hill" or "On the other side of the hill".

Garagoa (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Arcabuco

From Chibcha for either "Place of the intricate scrublands" or "Place enclosed by the hills".

Arcabuco (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Saboyá

From Chibcha for "Taste for the mantles".

Saboyá (a town, a municipality of Boyacá, Colombia).


Palmito

San Antonio de Palmito (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Norosí

Norosí (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Magangué

[ma.ɣ̞ãŋˈɡe]

Magangué (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Mahates

Mahates (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Turbaco

Turbaco (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Tiquisio

Tiquisio (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Simití

Simití (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Pinillos

Pinillos (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Cantagallo

Cantagallo (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Achí

Achí (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Cicuco

Cicuco (a town, a municipality of Bolívar, Colombia).


Morroa

Morroa (a town, a municipality of Sucre, Colombia).


Baranoa

Baranoa (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Unguía

Unguía (a town, a municipality of Chocó, Colombia).


Malambo

Malambo (a city, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Luruaco

Luruaco (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Galapa

Galapa (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Piojó

Piojó (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Ponedera

Ponedera (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Repelón

Repelón (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Polonuevo

Polonuevo (a town, a municipality of Atlántico, Colombia).


Aguachica

Aguachica (a city, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Bosconia

Bosconia (a town, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Pailitas

Pailitas (a town, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Chimichagua

Chimichagua (a city, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Tamalameque

Tamalameque (a town, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Taraira

Taraira (a town, a municipality of Vaupés, Colombia).


Pelaya

Pelaya (a town, a municipality of Cesar, Colombia).


Carurú

Carurú (a town, a municipality of Vaupés, Colombia).


Papunahua

Papunahua (a village, a corregimiento in Vaupés, Colombia).


República Popular de Lugansk

Luhansk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic#English

Luhansk People's Republic (a self-proclaimed quasi-state, internationally recognized as part of country of Ukraine; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya)


República Popular de Donetsk

[reˌpu.β̞li.ka po.puˌlaɾ ð̞e ð̞oˈnet̪sk]

Donetsk People's Republic
Donetsk People's Republic#English

Donetsk People's Republic (a self-proclaimed quasi-state, internationally recognized as part of country of Ukraine; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya)


Tinto

A river in Huelva, Andalusia, Spain, which flows into the Huelva estuary.


Guadalhorce

From Arabic وادى الحراس (“wādī al-jurs”).


Bocho

(colloquial) Bilbao (a city in the Basque Country, Spain)


Nueva York de La Mancha

[…] vivo en la capital de España, pero duermo en el Nueva York de La Mancha.

2007 May 20, Joaquín Reyes, “Un Quijote Park en La Mancha”, in El País:

[…] I live in the capital of Spain, but I sleep in the New York of La Mancha.

(humorous, informal) Albacete (a city in Castile-La Mancha, Spain)


Viesques

From Asturian Viesques, from viesques, plural of viesca ("undergrowth forest")

A neighbourhood of Gijón, Asturias, in northwestern Spain.


Roces

From Asturian Roces, from roces, plural of roza ("hedges" or "bushes")


Bentaberri

Borrowed from Basque Bentaberri or Bentaberria.

Bentaberri (several small settlements in Navarre)


Pulgarcito de América

Literally, “Americas' Little Thumb”, named so because El Salvador is the smallest country in the mainland of the Americas. Coined by Salvadoran Julio Enrique Ávila Villafañe in his speech titled El Salvador, Pulgarcito de América broadcasted on the RDN radio, on September 15, 1937 (Independence Day in El Salvador). The term is sometimes mistakenly attributed to Gabriela Mistral.


Spalnoye

From Russian Спа́льное (Spálʹnoje), neuter substantive of спа́льный (spálʹnyj).

Central Federal District
Central Federal District#English

Spalnoye (a hamlet in Borkovsky selsoviet, Sudzhansky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, situated on the banks of the River Psyol)


ciudad morena

Las fiestas patronales de la ciudad morena se celebran cada año del 17 al 26 de julio.

2024 July 18, Ricardo Guevara, “La ciudad morena continúa de fiesta en honor a la Señora Santa Ana”, in El Diario de Hoy, archived from the original on 2024-09-29:

Santa Ana's patronal festivities are celebrated each year between July 17th to 26th.

(colloquial, El Salvador) the city of Santa Ana


Cuartango

Kuartango (a town in Álava, Basque Country).


Cañada Real

An informal settlement southeast of Madrid.


Guadix

[ɡwaˈð̞iɣ̞s]

From Arabic وادي آش (wādī ash, literally “Valley of Ash”), from Latin Acci, from Ancient Greek Ἄκκι (Ákki).

der

A city and municipality of Granada, Andalusia, Spain


Cihuri

→ Basque: Zihuri

Inherited from Old Spanish Zufiuri, from Basque zubi (“bridge”) + uri (“city”).