acacia

Borrowed from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía) "a thorny Egyptian tree", from ἀκή (akḗ) "point, thorn".

acacia (shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae)


digital

es-adj

digital m or f (masculine and feminine plural digitales)

Borrowed from Latin digitālis. Doublet of dedal, which was inherited.

digital; having to do with the fingers or toes

digital; dealing with discrete values rather than a continuous spectrum of values

digital; dealing with the display of numerical values


banana

→? English: banana

Derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region, probably through Portuguese banana. Further derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.

(Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay) banana (fruit)


kiwi

Borrowed from English kiwi, from Maori kiwi.


sombrero

desc

→ Arabic: صُمبرَيرَة

→ Arabic: صُمبرَيرَة

→ Chamicuro: sompelelo

→ Dutch: sombrero

→ English: sombrero

→ Finnish: sombrero

→ French: sombréro, sombrero

→ Georgian: სომბრერო (sombrero)

→ Hungarian: szombréró

→ Isthmus Zapotec: sombreru

→ Italian: sombrero

→ Japanese: ソンブレロ

→ Morelos Nahuatl: xomplelo

→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: xompilelo

→ Russian: сомбреро (sombrero)

→ Swahili: shumburere, shumbulele

→ Tagalog: sambalilo

→ Tagalog: sumbrero

→ Tataltepec Chatino: smalyu

→ Tezoatlán Mixtec: mvélo̱

→ Ye'kwana: samjededu

→ Yosondúa Mixtec: lelu


tortilla

→ English: tortilla

→ Finnish: tortilla

→ Galician: tortilla

→ German: Tortilla

→ Polish: tortilla

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Old Spanish tortiella, diminutive of torta (“round flatbread”).

(Spain and most Hispanic countries) Spanish omelette, tortilla (omelette)


coral

Inherited from Old Spanish coral, from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).

Kennedia coccinea
Wikispecies:Kennedia coccinea


mariposa

⇒ English: mariposa lily

→ Portuguese: mariposa

From the phrase María pósate (“Mary, alight!”). Displaced Latin pāpiliō, which would have yielded *papilión or *papillón.

Hedychium coronarium
Hedychium coronarium#Translingual


granada

From the feminine of granado, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”); compare granado. Compare Italian melagranata.


viña

Inherited from Latin vīnea (“vineyard, grapevine”), from vīnum (“wine”).


loco

es-noun

loco m (plural locos, feminine loca, feminine plural locas)

locos (plural)
loca (feminine)
locas (feminine plural)

Uncertain.
Inherited from Old Spanish loco, perhaps from Andalusian Arabic لَوْقَاء (láwqa), from Arabic لَوْقَاء (lawqāʔ), feminine singular form of أَلْوَق (ʔalwaq, “stupid”), by reinterpreting the final Andalusian Arabic -a as the Ibero-Romance -a and back-forming the masculine with -o. Edward Roberts thinks the term is related to Arabic لَاق (lāq, “to soften”), but this verb is of root l-y-q, not l-w-q like أَلْوَق (ʔalwaq). Alternatively, derived from Ancient Greek γλαυκός (glaukós, “clear”). Compare Portuguese louco and Sicilian loccu.

der

a plant in the genus Astragalus or Oxytropis


teléfono

→ Bikol Central: telepono

→ Cebuano: telepono

→ Hiligaynon: telepono

→ Tagalog: telepono

→ Waray-Waray: telepono

heartleaf philodendron, Philodendron hederaceum


árbol

→ Basque: arbola

→ Cebuano: arbol

→ Sicilian: àrbulu, àrvulu (possibly)

Inherited from Old Spanish arbol, arbor, from Latin arborem f. Compare Portuguese árvore.

quien a buen árbol se arrima, buena sombra le cobija

tree (any plant that is reminiscent of the above but not classified as a tree)

tree (any structure or construct having branches representing divergence or possible choices)


flor

→ English: flor

Inherited from Old Spanish flor, from Latin flōrem m, with a conservative treatment of Latin /fl-/.

Cuando el pabilo de la vela no se quema bien, se forma en el extremo una excrecencia que se llama flor. El florecerse la vela es augurio de riqueza, próxima o remota.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 284:

A globular buildup of carbon on the end of a wick.


manzana

→ Asi: mansanas

→ Bikol Central: mansana, mansanas

→ Cebuano: mansanas

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: manzana

→ Ilocano: mansanas

→ Karao: mansanas

→ Maranao: mansanas

→ Navajo: bilasáana

→ Quechua: mansana

→ Tagalog: mansanas

→ Waray-Waray: mansana

→ Western Apache: masáána

→ Yogad: mansanas

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: manzana

→ Zuni: mansana

From earlier mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna, ellipsis of māla mattiāna, plural of Latin mālum mattiānum (literally “apple of Matius”), referring to a kind of apple. Gaius Matius, a friend of Julius Caesar and Cicero, was a Roman horticulturist and author of cookbooks. Cognate with Portuguese maçã, dialectal Catalan maçana.

der

dar la vuelta a la manzana


tulipán

→ Galician: tulipán

Borrowed from New Latin tulipa, from Turkish tülbent (“fine muslin, turban”), from Persian دلبند (dolband, “turban”). Doublet of turbante.


laurel

Borrowed from Old Occitan laurier, which was inherited from Vulgar Latin *laurārius, which was derived from Latin laurus.


tomate

→ Bikol Central: kamatis

→ Catalan: tomata, tomaca, tomàquet

→ Cebuano: kamatis

desctree

→ Danish: tomat
→ Faroese: tomat
→ Swedish: tomat

→ English: tomato (see there for further descendants)

→ Estonian: tomat

→ French: tomate
Haitian Creole: tomat
→ Hunsrik: Tomatt
→ Sedang: tơmat

→ German: Tomate

→ Hiligaynon: kamatis

→ Interlingua: tomate

→ Karao: kamatis

→ Portuguese: tomate

→ Quechua: tumati

→ Russian: томат (tomat)
→ Armenian: տոմատ (tomat)
→ Georgian: ტომატი (ṭomaṭi)
→ Uzbek: tomat
→ Yakut: томат (tomat)

→ Tagalog: kamatis
→ Hokkien: 柑仔得 (kam-á-tit), 柑仔蜜 (kam-á-bi̍t)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: tomat

Norwegian Nynorsk: tomat

→ Volapük: tomat

→ Waray-Waray: kamatis

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”), the tomato proper being xītomatl.

bor+

(colloquial, Chile) a hair bun, or a short ponytail


palomita

From paloma (“dove”) + -ita (diminutive suffix).

cuello palomita

wing collar, a type of shirt collar often used with tuxedo


cola

Inherited from Vulgar Latin coda, from Latin cauda, or from its diminutive caudula. Cognate to French queue and Italian coda.

(Chile, LGBTQ, sometimes pejorative) gayboy, homo


litre

Lithraea caustica, a Chilean tree or bush.


candela

→ Cebuano: kandila

→ Limos Kalinga: kandela

→ Masbatenyo: kandila

→ Papiamentu: kandela

→ Tagalog: kandila

Inherited from Latin candēla. Doublet of candil.

Dodonaea viscosa
Dodonaea viscosa#Translingual


achiote

→ Catalan: arxiota

→ English: achiote

→ Quechua: achiyuti

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

bor+

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

(Latin America) achiote (Bixa orellana, a tropical American evergreen shrub)


patata

Borrowed from Taíno batata. Compare batata. Though the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española lists it as a blend of papa + batata.


mote

(South America) hulled cereal, especially pearl barley and hominy


mango

From Early Medieval Latin manicus, derived from Latin manus (“hand”).

Sostenga el mango de la navaja entre los dedos anular y meñique, […]

2011, Estándar de milady: barbero profesional, 5th edition, Milady, page 353:

Hold the razor’s handle between your ring finger and little finger, […]

handle (part of an object which is held in the hand)


mango

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: mönco

→ Ye'kwana: manku

Borrowed from English mango, from Portuguese manga, from Malay mangga, from Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy) from மா (mā, “mango species”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”).

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

Buscando ese mango / Que te haga morfar...

1930, “Yira, Yira”, Enrique Santos Discépolo (lyrics), performed by Carlos Gardel:

Looking for that money / That lets you eat...

(Argentina, Uruguay, Lunfardo, colloquial) cash, dough (money)


rosa

→ Cebuano: rosa

→ Classical Nahuatl: rosa

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: ros

→⇒ Cebuano: rosas (via rosas (pl.))

→⇒ Tagalog: rosas (via rosas (pl.))

From Old Spanish rosa, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin rosa.


papa

→ Tagalog: Papa

Borrowed from Latin papas, from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop, patriarch”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”).

pope (an honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)


papa

(Latin America, US, Canary Islands, Andalusia, Equatorial Guinea) potato


papa

From Latin pappa (“food; used regarding children”).

inh

(childish, familiar) very bland soup, or more broadly, food in general


sauce

Inherited from Old Spanish salze, inherited from Latin salicem (“willow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). Doublet of sarga. Compare Catalan salze, Italian salice, Romanian salcie.


pera

→ Jicarilla: béela

Inherited from Old Spanish pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


oca

→ English: oca


cacao

→ Albanian: kakao

→ Aromanian: cacauã

→ Bikol Central: kakaw

→ Catalan: cacau

→ Cebuano: kakaw

→ Czech: kakao

→ Danish: kakao

→ Dutch: cacao (see there for further descendants)

→ English: cacao, cocoa

→ Estonian: kakao

→ Finnish: kaakao

→ French: cacao

→ German: Kakao

→ Greek: κακάο (kakáo)

→ Icelandic: kakó

→ Indonesian: kakao

→ Latvian: kakao

→ Limburgish: keków

→ Lingala: kaukau

→ Lower Sorbian: kakaw, kakawa

→ Polish: kakao

→ Portuguese: cacau
→ Nheengatu: kakáu

→ Romagnol: cacào

→ Romanian: cacao

→ Slovak: kakao

→ Swedish: kakao

→ Tagalog: kakaw

→ Tongan: koko

→ Turkish: kakao

→ Uzbek: kakao

→ Vietnamese: cacao

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl (“cacao bean”). Doublet of cocoa.


vera

Plectrocarpa arborea
Wikispecies:Plectrocarpa arborea

Bulnesia arborea
Wikispecies:Bulnesia arborea

verawood (Plectrocarpa arborea, syn. Bulnesia arborea)


fresa

Borrowed from French fraise (“strawberry”).


fresa

Possibly from French fraise (“milling cutter”), or from the verb fresar, from Vulgar Latin *frēsāre, from frēsum, perfect passive participle of Latin frendō (“to grind”).


moral

es-adj

moral m or f (masculine and feminine plural morales)

moral (conforming to a standard of right behaviour)


cica

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύϊξ (kúïx, “name of a certain bulbous plant”), according to the RAE.


corno

Borrowed from Latin cornū. Doublet of cuerno.


jalapeño

es-noun

jalapeño m (plural jalapeños, feminine jalapeña, feminine plural jalapeñas)

jalapeños (plural)
jalapeña (feminine)
jalapeñas (feminine plural)

desc

→ English: jalapeño, jalapeno (more common in the UK)

→ Esperanto: ĥalapenjo

→ Hijazi Arabic: هلپينيو (halapēnyu, halapīnyu), هلبينيو (halabīnyu, halabēnyu)

→ Japanese: ハラペーニョ (harapēnyo)

→ Korean: 할라페뇨 (hallapenyo)

→ Portuguese: jalapenho


col

→ Taos: kùliʼína

Inherited from Latin caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”). Cognate with English cole and chou.


tala

tala (Celtis tala, a South American tree)


lima

From Andalusian Arabic لِيمَة (līma), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn, “lemon, lime”).


alcatraz

Borrowed from Arabic الْقِرْطَاس (al-qirṭās, “the papyrus”).


limón

→ Jakaltek: lemniẍ

→ Seri: ḻimoon

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alemu

→ Ye'kwana: dimuni

Borrowed from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) via Andalusian Arabic, from Persian لیمو (limu), لیمون (limun), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū).


agave

Borrowed from translingual Agave, from Ancient Greek Ἀγαυή (Agauḗ), name of one of the daughters of Cadmus, from ἀγαυός (agauós, “noble, illustrious”).


colza

Borrowed from French colza, from Dutch koolzaad.


balsa

→ English: balsa
→ Irish: balsa

→ Portuguese: balsa

→ Tagalog: balsa

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably Basque [Term?] or Iberian [Term?].


coca

→ English: coca
→ Chinese: 古柯 (gǔkē)

Borrowed from Quechua koka or Aymara kuka (“coca”).

coca (any of the four cultivated plants which belong to the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America)


puro

→ English: puro

→ Greek: πούρο (poúro)

→ Turkish: puro

Inherited from Old Spanish puro, from Latin pūrus. In the noun sense short for cigarro puro, a product to be smoked that is made – unlike the cigarette – of “tabaco puro, sin papel” (pure tobacco, without paper). Note that in Spanish the unqualified term cigarro can also refer to a cigarette.


sen

trigonometric function
trigonometric function#English

(mathematics) a symbol of the trigonometric function sine


junco

→ English: junco

→ Translingual: Junco

From Latin iuncus. Cognate with English junk.


verbena

Inherited from Old Spanish berbena, from Latin verbēna (see also Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”)). Cognate with Middle Dutch warp, Middle Low German warp, German Warf, Danish varp, Swedish varp.

verbena (Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain)


garbanzo

→ Basque: garbantzu

→ English: garbanzo, calavance

[ɡaɾˈβ̞ãn̟.θo]

From Old Spanish garbanço. Presumably influenced by garroba (“carob fruit”) and galbana (“small pea; a variety of pea”).


maíz

→ Bikol Central: mais

→ Cebuano: mais

→ Cuyunon: mais

→ Dutch: mais

→ English: maize

→ Faroese: mais

→ French: maïs

→ Hiligaynon: mais

→ German: Mais

→ Italian: mais

→ Norwegian Bokmål: mais

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: mais

→ Portuguese: maís

→ Swedish: majs

→ Tagalog: mais

→ Waray-Waray: mais


trigo

→ Cahuilla: tríiwa'a

→ Cebuano: trigo

→ Central Tarahumara: turio

→ Chickasaw: tili'ko'

→ Choctaw: tiliko

→⇒ Classical Nahuatl: trigo tlaxcalli

→ Maranao: trigo

→ Masbatenyo: trigo

→ Mayo: tirijco

→ Purepecha: trigu

→ Quechua: riwu

→ Sambali: trigo

→ Tagalog: trigo

→⇒ Tagalog: triguhan

→ Tausug: tirigu (“flour”)

Inherited from Latin trīticum. Related to English triticale.

¿qué tienen que ver los cojones con comer trigo?


coco

→ English: coco

→ Middle French: coco

French: coco

From sense 2 (“skull, head”), because of the resemblance of the fruit to a grinning face.


coco

Mycteria americana
Mycteria americana#Translingual

(Dominican Republic) Wood stork (Mycteria americana)


mangle

(botany) A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora


burrito

→ Belizean Creole: boreeto

→ English: burrito

→ German: Burrito


maga

History of Puerto Rico#European powers fight over the island

Attested since Europeans began to encroach on Puerto Rico, a local Taíno formation one would believe.

Thespesia grandiflora, a tree native to Puerto Rico also planted elsewhere for its fairness and the working properties of its wood


chipotle

From a compound of Classical Nahuatl chīlli (“pepper”) + pōctli (“smoke”).


baobab

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bahobab, from Arabic أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”), from أَبُو (ʔabū, “father”) + حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”).

bor

أَبُو حِبَاب


margarita

→ Tagalog: margarita

From Latin margarīta, from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs).


margarita

→ English: margarita

→ Italian: margarita


peyote

→ Catalan: peiot

→ English: peyote


chayote

→ Bikol Central: sayote

→ Cebuano: sayote

→ English: chayote

→ Tagalog: sayote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.


cedro

Borrowed from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros).


pita

→ Catalan: pita

→ English: pita

Unknown, possibly misheard from an original American Indian name.

Agave americana
Agave americana#Translingual


cascabel

→ English: cascabel

→ French: cascabelle

From Old Occitan cascavel, from Vulgar Latin cascābellus (“small bell”), diminutive of cascābus, from Latin cāccabus.
Influenced by Latin quassicāre, based on Latin quassāre (“to shake repeatedly, to quake”), because when the chili is being prepared, the seeds make a rattling noise when the pepper is dried.


vintage

es-adj

vintage m or f (masculine and feminine plural vintages)

Borrowed from English vintage. Doublet of vendimia.


guapo

Ultimately from Latin vappa (“flat wine; figuratively, worthless person”), probably not directly but through the intermediate of dialectal Old French wape, gape, gouape, which has also received influence from Proto-Germanic *hwapjaną (“to breathe, air out, let go to waste, become sour”). At one point meant "rascal" or "ruffian" and evolved in meaning over time.


zarzamora

From zarza (“blackberry”) + mora (“mulberry”).


zanahoria

→ Mezquital Otomi: sanoria

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: sanaúria

→ Quechua: sanawrya

Metathesis of Andalusian Arabic *سَفُنَّارْيَة (*safunnārya), from Arabic إِسْفَنَارِيَّة (ʔisfanāriyya) (compare Libyan Arabic: سفنّاريّة (sfənnāriyya)), from Ancient Greek σταφυλίνη ἀγρία (staphulínē agría). Cognate to Catalan safanòria, Galician cenoria, Portuguese cenoura.

der

*سَفُنَّارْيَة

إِسْفَنَارِيَّة

σταφυλίνη ἀγρία


zumaque

From Andalusian Arabic and Arabic سُمَّاق (summāq), from Aramaic and Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”).


yedra

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]


yuca

es-adj

yuca m or f (masculine and feminine plural yuca or yucas)

yuca (feminine masculine plural)
yucas (feminine masculine plural)

→ Bulgarian: ю́ка (júka)

Ella está pasando por un problema muy yuca justo ahora.

She's going through a very difficult problem right now.

(El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru) difficult, hard, often serious.

La maestra suele ser bien yuca con sus clases.

The teacher tends to be very strict with her classes.

(El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) strict, severe in discipline.


zarza

Inherited from Old Spanish sarza, itself from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, possibly Old Basque çarci (modern sasi). Alternatively, from Arabic شِرْس (širs, “shrub with thorns”), from the root ش ر س (š-r-s) related to “harshness”, “wildness”, “ill-nature”.

der

Cuando Jesucristo y San Pedro andaban por el mundo, no siempre encontraban almas caritativas que los socorriesen, y en muchas ocasiones tuvieron que buscarse el sustento con el sudor de sus frentes. Una de estas veces, en que al Santo le tocó echar el quilo y arañarse cruelmente las manos por recoger un puñado de trigo que unos arrieros habían dejado caer entre las zarzas del camino, el pobre viejo se encaró con su maestro y le dijo […]

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 333:


bromo

Borrowed from French brome (“bromine”), from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos, “stench, stink”), for its noisome smell.


bromo

From the genus name Bromus, from Ancient Greek βρόμος (brómos, “oats”).


ñame

Probably from Wolof ñàmbi (“cassava”) or a related word. Compare Portuguese inhame.


jícama

→ Cebuano: singkamas

→ English: jicama

→ Tagalog: singkamas

→ Yogad: singkamas

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl.


jitomate

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xitomātl, from xictli (“navel”) + tomātl (“tomato”).


jacinto

→ Tagalog: hasinto

Borrowed from Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos).


jazmín

→ German: Jasmin

Etymology tree
Middle Persian yʾsmn'
Classical Persian یَاسَمِین (yāsamīn)bor.
Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn)bor.
Spanish jazmín
Borrowed from Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn), via Andalusian Arabic.


juncia

Borrowed from Latin iuncea, feminine form of iunceus.


jícara

→ Catalan: xicra

→ Sardinian: cìcara

→ English: jicara

→ Portuguese: xícara

→ Sicilian: cìcara

→ Venetan: cìcara

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xīcalli.

a small faience container used to serve hot chocolate or other hot beverages

Crescentia cujete
Crescentia cujete#Translingual

(Latin America) a small, woody container, typically made from the fruit of the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) or Mexican calabash (Crescentia alata) and used (especially in rural Mexico) to serve hot food in order to preserve its temperature

(Mexico, US, Central America, Philippines) calabash

(Spain) Part, or square, of a flat chocolate bar, which can be broken off easily (especially in Andalusia and Murcia)


judía

Perhaps from Latin Latin iūdaea, feminine of iūdaeus.


jengibre

→ Basque: jengibre

Inherited from Old Spanish gengibre, from Old Occitan gengibre, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


junquillo

→ Catalan: jonquillo

desctree

→ French: jonquille
→ English: jonquil
→ German: Jonquille

→ Italian: giunchiglia

→ Portuguese: junquilho


muñeco

es-noun

muñeco m (plural muñecos, feminine muñeca, feminine plural muñecas)

muñecos (plural)
muñeca (feminine)
muñecas (feminine plural)

any of various South American trees of the genus Cordia, such as Cordia borinquena or Cordia collococca.


quingombó

Borrowed from Portuguese quingombó, from Kimbundu kingombo.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


quebracho

English: quebracho

Italian: quebracho

Portuguese: quebracho

Verb-object compound, composed of quebra (“to break”) + hacha (“axe”), with the suffix changed to -o.


cas

Named by indigenous peoples in Costa Rica (Chibchan).

the tree that bears those fruits, Psidium friedrichsthalianum


amate

→ English: amate

Borrowed from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl āmatl.

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
(Guerrero) Ficus obtusifolia

(Oaxaca) petiolate fig (Ficus petiolaris)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
petiolate fig (Ficus petiolaris)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
(Chiapas, Tabasco) Ficus segoviae

(Oaxaca) Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea)


mata

Perhaps from Late Latin matta (“floormat, doormat”).

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

(Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic) plant (organism of the kingdom Plantae)


chile

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl chīlli (“pepper”).

bor+

(Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, US) a chili pepper


cilantro

→ English: cilantro

Uncertain. Possibly from an unattested regional Vulgar Latin variant of Latin coriandrum — where also its doublet culantro, today obsolete, comes from — with a front vowel, like *ciliandrum or *ceriandrum. (Compare French coriandre, Italian coriandolo, Portuguese coentro) from Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon, “coriander”), κορίανδρον (koríandron).)


haya

Inherited from Old Spanish faya, from Latin [materia] fāgea, from fāgus, from Proto-Italic *fāgos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos. Compare Galician and Portuguese faia.


pino

Inherited from Latin pīnus, ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *poi- (“sap, juice”). Cognate with English pine.


marihuana

→ Afrikaans: marijuana

→ Albanian: marihuana

desc

مَارِيجْوَانَا

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Armenian: մարիխուանա (marixuana)

→ Azerbaijani: marixuana

→ Belarusian: марыхуана (maryxuana)

→ Bulgarian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Catalan: marihuana

→ Czech: marihuana

→ Dutch: marihuana

desctree

→ English: marijuana, marihuana (less common)
→ Italian: marijuana

→ Esperanto: mariĥuano

→ Estonian: marihuaana

→ Finnish: marihuana, marijuana (rare)

→ French: marijuana

→ Galician: marihuana

→ Georgian: მარიხუანა (marixuana)

→ German: Marihuana

→ Greek: μαριχουάνα (marichouána)

desc

מָרִיחוּאָנָה

→ Hebrew: מָרִיחוּאָנָה (marikhu'ána)

→ Hindi: मारिजुआना (mārijuānā)

→ Hungarian: marihuána

→ Japanese: マリファナ (marifana), マリワナ (mariwana)

→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Korean: 마리화나 (marihwana)

→ Kyrgyz: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Latvian: marihuāna

→ Lithuanian: marihuana

→ Macedonian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Maltese: marijuana

→ Persian: ماریجوانا (mâri-juânâ), ماریجوانا (mârijuânâ)

→ Polish: marihuana

→ Portuguese: marijuana

→ Romanian: marijuana

desctree

→ Russian: марихуана (marixuana)
→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

: Cyrillic script: марихуана

: Latin script: marihuana

→ Slovak: marihuana

→ Slovene: marihuana

→ Swedish: marijuana

→ Tagalog: marihuwana

→ Ukrainian: марихуана (maryxuana)

→ Uzbek: marixuana

desc

מעראַוואַנאַ

→ Yiddish: מעראַוואַנאַ (meravana)

First attested in 1894 of uncertain origin. Alteration by influence of the proper name María Juana (“Mary Jane”) is believed to be folk etymology. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word may come from Classical Nahuatl mallihuan (“prisoner”), however, linguist Jason D. Haugen finds no semantic basis for an etymological connection, suggesting that the phonetic similarity may be "a case of accidental homophony". Another theory derives it from Chinese 麻仁花 (má rén huā, “hemp seed flower”), possibly itself originating as a loan from an earlier Semitic root *mrj, meaning "hemp".


roble

From former robre, from Latin rōbore, singular ablative of rōbur (“a kind of hard oak”), whence also Aragonese robre (“oak”) and Catalan roure (“oak”).

oak, several species of the genus Quercus.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur#Translingual


nabo

Inherited from Old Spanish nabo, from Latin nāpus (“turnip”) (compare -nip in English turnip, Catalan nap, French navet, Italian napo, Portuguese nabo, Romanian nap, Scottish English neep), from Ancient Greek νᾶπυ (nâpu, “mustard”).


caoba

Borrowed from Taíno caoban (“mahogany”).


comino

Inherited from Latin cumīnum, from Ancient Greek κύμῑνον (kúmīnon), ultimately from Semitic.

importar un comino

to not give a hoot, to not give two hoots, to not give a rat's ass


azulejo

es-adj

azulejo (feminine azuleja, masculine plural azulejos, feminine plural azulejas)

azuleja (feminine)
azulejos (masculine plural)
azulejas (feminine plural)


haba

→ Mezquital Otomi: aba

→ Quechua: jawas

Inherited from Old Spanish faba, from Latin faba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with English fava.

(veterinary) equine palatitis (disease of horses)


palma

→ English: palma

Inherited from Old Spanish palma, from Latin palma, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂. Doublet of palmo.


narciso

From Latin narcissus, from Ancient Greek νάρκισσος (nárkissos).


narciso

From Narciso (Narcissus), a youth from Greek mythology.


cebolla

Chavacano: cebollas

→ Bikol Central: sebolyas

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: sibuyas

→ Cebuano: sibuyas

→ Central Sierra Miwok: siwo·ja-

→ Chamicuro: sewoyo

→ Kari'na: sewoija

→ Guaraní: sevói

→ Kapampangan: sibuyas

→ Ladino: sevoya

→ Quechua: siwulla

→ Tagalog: sibuyas

→ Ye'kwana: sewoya

Inherited from Old Spanish cebolla, from Late Latin cēpulla, diminutive of Latin cēpa, whence English chive (via French). Compare Galician and Portuguese cebola, Catalan ceba, and Asturian cebolla.


pacay

→ English: pacay

→ French: pacaye


chaya

(colloquial, Honduras, El Salvador) a small sharp piece of shattered glass


liana

Borrowed from French liane, of unknown ultimate origin.


ababol

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic حَبَّبَوْر (ḥabbabawr).

bor+

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(Spain) the flower of the red poppy (Papaver rhoeas)


copal

→ Czech: kopál

→ English: copal

→ Finnish: kopaali

→ French: copal

→ German: Kopal

→ Italian: copale

→ Japanese: コーパル (kōparu)

→ Polish: kopal

→ Russian: копал (kopal)

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl copalli (“incense”).

any of several trees from which copal is extracted


frijol

→ Navajo: bihóól

Inherited from Latin phaseolus, probably from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos).


estragón

Borrowed from French estragon (“tarragon”), from Middle French targon, from Medieval Latin tragonia, from Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn), ultimately from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “dragonwort, Dracunculus vulgaris”), from δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”). Doublet of drago.

der

Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn)


encina

Inherited from Old Spanish enzina, from Vulgar Latin ilicīna, based on Latin īlex (“holm oak”). Compare Catalan alzina (“holm oak”).


maracuyá

Borrowed from Old Tupi murukuîá or from Guaraní mburukuja; compare Portuguese maracujá.

passion fruit (specifically Passiflora edulis)


viudo

es-noun

viudo m (plural viudos, feminine viuda, feminine plural viudas)

viudos (plural)
viuda (feminine)
viudas (feminine plural)

From Latin viduus (“widowed”), probably modeled on the feminine form viuda, which predated it. It may have been altered from an Old Spanish form vidu (itself a learned borrowing from Latin) due to influence from the feminine; a naturally inherited form would be viso, which was attested once in isolation.

(botany) Sixalix atropurpurea, syn. Scabiosa atropurpurea (mourning bride, mourning widow, sweet scabious)


nazareno

es-adj

nazareno (feminine nazarena, masculine plural nazarenos, feminine plural nazarenas)

nazarena (feminine)
nazarenos (masculine plural)
nazarenas (feminine plural)

of, from or relating to Dos Hermanas (city in the province of Seville, Spain)


nazareno

es-noun

nazareno m (plural nazarenos, feminine nazarena, feminine plural nazarenas)

nazarenos (plural)
nazarena (feminine)
nazarenas (feminine plural)

native or inhabitant of Dos Hermanas (city in the province of Seville, Spain) (male or of unspecified gender)


verdolaga

Borrowed from Mozarabic *berdiláqaš, from Latin portulāca, with influence from Spanish verde and Mozarabic *yiláqa. Doublet of badulaque.

Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca oleracea#Translingual

common purslane, a plant of species Portulaca oleracea


nube

Inherited from Latin nūbēs, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)newdʰ- (“to cover”). In Old Spanish, it was written nuve, nué.
The coffee was named by don José Prado Crespo, the founder of Café Central in Malaga. Tired of the difficulty of understanding the orders of customers, he created a plaque on the tiled wall listing 10 types of coffee by their coffee and milk content. Some of the terms used were words that hadn't been asociated with coffee before, like "nube".


chaparral

→ English: chaparral

From chaparro + -al, from Basque txaparro.


pomelo

Borrowed from English pomelo, from Dutch pompelmoes.


piña

→ English: piña

→ Bikol Central: pinya

→ Cebuano: pinya

→ Hiligaynon: pinya

→ Tagalog: pinya

Inherited from Latin pīnea. The sense "pineapple" comes from its resemblance to a pinecone, similarly to English pineapple. The sense "core of the agave plant" comes from its resemblance to a pineapple after the leaves are chopped off for harvesting.


jojoba

→ English: jojoba

[…] la Jojoba estimable por su eficacia para curar la supresion de orina y las heridas, facilitar el parto, y su azeyte poderoso contra el cancer, no dá fruto sino el año que en invierno cae alguna gran lluvia […]

1816, Agustín Pomposo Fernández de San Salvador, Los jesuitas quitados y restituidos al mundo:

The jojoba [is] esteemed because of its efficacy in curing urine lack and wounds, and facilitating birth, and its oil is strong against cancer, and it does not give fruits if not in spring some great rain fell.


tipo

From a local language, probably Quechua, along with muña.

2018 March 13, Rosa Estefanía López Casigña, “Utilización de aceites esenciales de la planta tipo (Minthostachys mollis), para la conservación de carne de hamburguesa”, in Ciencia Digital, volume 3, number 2.6, Riobamba, →DOI:


rapé

El hipo cura provocando el estornudo con un poco de rapé o cebadilla.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 305:

Hiccups can be cured by triggering a sneeze with a bit of snuff or sabadilla.

snuff (finely ground or pulverised tobacco for sniffing)


melón

→ Western Apache: bilóń

→ Guaraní: merõ

Inherited from Late Latin mēlōnem, shortening of Latin mēlopepō, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn, “melon”).

abrir el melón; decentar el melón


melocotón

desc

→? Catalan: melicotó, melocotó, melacotó

→ English: melocoton

→ Portuguese: melocotão

Borrowed from Latin mālum cotōnĭum (“quince”), with influence from Spanish melón. Like quinces, peaches have a cottony fruit skin.

bor+

(Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Panama, Peru, Spain) peach


durazno

→ Classical Nahuatl: torazno

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: tolas

→ Western Huasteca Nahuatl: tulax

→ Jakaltek: tulasna

→ Quechua: turasnu

→ San Juan Colorado Mixtec: durastun

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: turaasno

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: trösno

Inherited from Latin dūracinus. Compare French duracine.


papaya

(Cuba, slang, euphemistic) vagina (likely from the shape of the fruit when sliced in half lengthwise: see image)


sosa

Borrowed from Catalan sosa. Later borrowed from Italian as soda.


amaro

La salvia de los prados (salvia pratensis, L.), el amaro (salvia sclarea, L.), y algunas otras especies de este género, tienen, con corta diferencia, las mismas virtudes que la salvia oficinal.

1856, Fernando Sampedro y Guzmán, Historia natural veterinaria, volume 2, Madrid: Calleja, Lopez y Rivadeneyra, page 129:

The meadow sage (Salvia Pratensis L.) and the clary (Salvia sclarea L.) and some other species of this genus have, with but little difference, the same virtues as the common sage.


boj

Borrowed from Catalan boix, from Latin buxus, from Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos). Compare the inherited regional inherited doublet bujo.


borona

Said to be from Celtic *borŭna. Compare Old Irish arbor n (“grain, corn”). For alternative etymologies, see the apparent cognates Asturian boroña,Old Galician-Portuguese borõa and, descended from this, Galician broa.


ruda

From Latin rūta (“rue”), from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).


mara

Dolichotis patagonum
Dolichotis patagonum#Translingual


aljaba

Borrowed from Arabic الجَعْبَة (al-jaʕba).

hummingbird fuchsia, Fuchsia magellanica


ayote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl ayohtli.

(Central America) winter squash, pumpkin, cushaw, squash, cushaw pumpkin, Japanese pie pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma)


guacamaya

(Cuba, Honduras) candle bush (Senna alata)


acelga

Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla
Wikispecies:Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla

chard, mangold (edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla)


apio

→ Cebuano: apyo

→ Ladino: apyo

→ Tagalog: apyo

According to Coromines and Pascual, from Old Spanish apio, inherited from Latin apium, cognate with Portuguese aipo, Galician aipo, ampio. Another example of Spanish retaining [j] after a labial is rubio (“blond”), compare Portuguese ruivo (“red-haired, redhead”).


naranja

es-noun

naranja m or f by sense (plural naranjas)

→ Alcozauca Mixtec: láxa

→ Guaraní: narã

→ Italian: narancia

→ Hungarian: narancs

desctree

⇒ Italian: arancia
→ Old Occitan: auranja
Occitan: irange
→ Old French: orenge, orange
Middle French: orange, orenge
French: orange (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: orenge, arange, araunge, orange, orynge
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
Scots: orange, oranger
Norman: orange

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: naraankas

→ Tagalog: narangha

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alöxöx

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: naranja

Borrowed from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Persian نارنگ (nârang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”). Compare Portuguese laranja and Catalan taronja.

der

(politics, Spain) a member or supporter of Ciudadanos, a Spanish political party


chufa

→ English: chufa

Not completely certain. Suggested from Latin cȳphi (“gallingale perfume”), but the continuity of this word is doubtful. Perhaps instead the same word as trufa.

unk

Not completely certain


ramo

Inherited from Old Spanish ramo, from Latin rāmus, from Proto-Italic *wrād-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂dmos, from *wréh₂ds (“root”).


tabaco

→ English: tabacco, tobacco

desctree

→ Portuguese: tabaco
→ Gujarati: તમાકુ (tamāku)
→ Japanese: たばこ (tabako)
→ Japanese: タバコ (tabako)
→ Early Modern Korean: 담파고 (tamphakwo)
→ Ainu: タンパク (tampaku)

→ French: tabac

→ Romanian: tabac

Said from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”) or from Kari'na and/or Taíno, from tabago (“tube for inhaling smoke or powdered intoxicating plants”).


albaricoque

→ Quechua: albarikuki

→ Tagalog: albarikoke

Borrowed from Arabic بَرْقُوق (barqūq), via Andalusian Arabic. Doublet of precoz.


olmo siberiano

es-noun

olmo siberiano m (plural olmos siberianos)


mudar

Calotropis gigantea
Calotropis gigantea#Translingual


abeto

→ Asturian: abetu

→ Galician: abeto, pinabete

→ Portuguese: abeto

Borrowed from Aragonese abet or Catalan avet, both from Vulgar Latin *abētem, from Classical Latin abietem.


espinaca

Borrowed from Arabic سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ) or إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ).


arveja

Inherited from Latin ervilia. Doublet of ervilla.


saguaro

Of Uto-Aztecan origin, probably from Mayo, Opata, or Yaqui.

saguaro (a large species of cactus of the Sonoran Desert)


menta

From Latin menta, mentha (compare Catalan menta, French menthe, Italian menta), from Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē).

(botany) mint, peppermint (specifically mentha × piperita)


porro

From Latin porrum, possibly borrowed through Catalan porro. Compare the (undoubtedly) inherited doublet puerro, showing the expected diphthongization of stressed Latin ŏ.


porro

(Mexico) a member of a criminal shock group, mainly targeting student protesters


porro

joint, spliff (Jamaican, UK, Australia), blunt (US) (marijuana cigarette), reefer


pelón

pelón m (plural pelones, feminine pelona, feminine plural pelonas)

pelones (plural)
pelona (feminine)
pelonas (feminine plural)


molle

Borrowed from Quechua molli, mulli meaning that tree.

Schinus molle
Schinus molle#Translingual

pepper tree (Schinus gen. et spp., and especially the Peruvian pepper tree (Schinus molle))


bucare

mountain immortelle (Erythrina poeppigiana)


cubata

(Spain, by extension) long drink, tall drink (drink resulting from mixing an alcoholic beverage with a soft drink)

boat-spine acacia (Vachellia campeachiana)


lila

Borrowed from French lilac, from Arabic لِيلَك (līlak), from Persian نیلک (nilak), from نیل (nil, “dark blue”), ultimately from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “dark colored”).


cebada

Inherited from Latin cibāta. Cognate with Catalan civada (“oat”), Portuguese cevada.

[θeˈβ̞a.ð̞a]


ciruela

Inherited from Late Latin cēreola, an ellipsis of cēreola prūna (literally “wax-colored plums”), from the neuter plural of Latin cereolus, later reinterpreted as a feminine singular; see cēra.


cicuta

Borrowed from Latin cicuta (“hemlock; pipe”).


azucena

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْسَن (sawsan), via Andalusian Arabic.


sandía

→ Bikol Central: sandiya

→ Cahuilla: saandiya

→ English: sandilla

→ Highland Popoluca: xañt́a

→ Huave: xindiy, xendiy

→ Ilocano: sandia

→ Lacandon: sanya

→ Quechua: santiya

→ Sayula Popoluca: s̈á̱ntia

→ Southern Ohlone: santiya

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: sandiiyas

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: xantea

Borrowed from Arabic سِنْدِيَّة (sindiyya, “Sindhi”), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu), meaning of or from Sindh (in contemporary Pakistan).

Citrullus lanatus
Citrullus lanatus#Translingual

watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, a vine-like flowering plant)


cereza

es-adj

cereza m or f (masculine and feminine plural cereza or cerezas)

cereza (feminine masculine plural)
cerezas (feminine masculine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish ceresa, from Vulgar Latin ceresia, from the neuter plural of Late Latin ceresium, from Latin cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin. Cognate with English cherry, Galician cereixa, Portuguese cereja, Catalan cirera, Occitan cerièra, French cerise, Italian ciliegia and Romanian cireașă.


cereza

→ Tagalog: seresa


plátano

Borrowed from Latin platanus (“plane tree”), from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos).

bor+

(Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Cuba, Mexico, Spain) banana (fruit)

plantain (the plant and fruit related to banana, not the Plantago genus)


plátano

Borrowed from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos).

(Spain, botany) sycamore, plane (a tree belonging to the genus Platanus)


arar

Borrowed from English arar, from Arabic عَرْعَر (ʕarʕar).

Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis#Translingual


arará

gregorywood (Terminalia buceras syn. Bucida buceras)


fumado

es-adj

fumado (feminine fumada, masculine plural fumados, feminine plural fumadas)

fumada (feminine)
fumados (masculine plural)
fumadas (feminine plural)

(colloquial) high, smoked up, fried (intoxicated from smoking, especially marijuana)


maravilla

From Late Latin mīrābilia (“wonder”), substantivization of the neuter plural of Latin mīrābilis (“wonderful”). Old Spanish also had maravija, with the expected outcome of the Latin ending. The form with -illa may reflect a borrowing from another Romance language (cf. Portuguese maravilha) or some kind of Latin influence.


miro

Borrowed from Eastern Polynesian immigrants.


pepino

Formed as a diminutive from the Old Spanish pepón (which was re-analyzed as an augmentative, see the suffix -ón), itself borrowed from Latin peponem (“pumpkin”).


tejo

shuffleboard or any of the games played using a shard or tile


crisantemo

Borrowed from Latin chrysanthemum, from Ancient Greek χρυσάνθεμον (khrusánthemon).


cacto

Borrowed from Latin cactus, from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”).


orquídea

Borrowed from New Latin Orchideae, Orchidaceae, an irregular formation from Latin orchis, from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis, “orchid, testicle”).


eucalipto

Borrowed from New Latin Eucalyptus, from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”) + καλυπτός (kaluptós, “covered”).


mirto

From Latin myrtus, from Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos).


puerro

Inherited from Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin porrum. Compare the borrowed doublet porro, borrowed through Catalan.


camote

Chavacano: camote

→ English: camote

→ Tagalog: kamote
→ Hokkien: ka-mú-tī

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl camohtli.

bor+

(Mexico, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Peru, Philippines, parts of Argentina) sweet potato


alcachofa

→ Basque: alkatxofa

→ Tagalog: alkatsopas

Inherited from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الخرشوفة (al-ḵaršúfa), from Arabic الخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf, “artichoke”). Compare Portuguese alcachofra and Catalan carxofa. Related to English artichoke.


lavanda

Borrowed from French lavande or Italian lavanda.


camelia

Borrowed from New Latin, named after Moravian botanist Joseph Kamel (‘Camellus’) (1661–1706). The Czech surname Kamel is a variant of Kamil.


damasco

(Cuba, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Andalusia) apricot


tagua

→ English: tagua


olivo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *olīvus, from Latin olīva, olīvum.


paraguayo

es-noun

paraguayo m (plural paraguayos, feminine paraguaya, feminine plural paraguayas)

paraguayos (plural)
paraguaya (feminine)
paraguayas (feminine plural)


madroño

Uncertain, perhaps from Basque mart- (“blackberry; bramble”), as in martotx (“bramble”), martsuts ~ martuza (“blackberry”). Basque also gave Aragonese martuel, Catalan maduixa (“strawberry”). Similar sense development in Galician amorogo, Portuguese morango (“strawberry”), both from amora (“blackberry; bramble”). Replaced now dialectal (a)borto, from Old Spanish alborco, from Latin arbutus. Compare Portuguese medronho.
Note also Armenian մաթուզ (matʻuz).

Arbutus unedo
Arbutus unedo#Translingual


pluma de indio

pluma de indio f (plural plumas de indio)

From pluma ‘feather’ + indio ‘Indian, Ameridian’.

any of several species of bromeliad in the genus Vriesia (Bromeliaceae)


pimentón

(Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela) bell pepper, sweet pepper


pimiento

Inherited from Latin pigmentum. Compare the borrowed doublet pigmento.

(Spain, Mexico, US, Guatemala, Peru) bell pepper (ellipsis of pimiento morrón.)


nogal

Inherited from Late Latin nucālis (“relating to nuts”), from Latin nux (“nut”).


ayahuasca

→ English: ayahuasca

a psychotropic concoction prepared from said vine


churro

(colloquial, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia) spunk, Adonis, beefcake (physically desirable man)


lulo

Solanum quitoense
Solanum quitoense#Translingual


lenteja

→ Tagalog: lentehas

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin *lenticla, from syncopation of Latin lenticula (compare French lentille, Italian lenticchia, Portuguese lentilha), diminutive form of lēns, lentis (“lentil”). Doublet of lentilla.

lentejas, si quieres las comes y si no, las dejas


lechuga

(informal, euphemistic) expresses anger, upsetness, or annoyance; euphemism for leche


tuya

Borrowed from New Latin thuja, from Ancient Greek θυία (thuía), an African tree that was formerly included in the genus.


olmo

Inherited from Old Spanish olmo, from Latin ulmus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”).


fresno

→ Tagalog: presno

Inherited from Old Spanish fresno, freisno, frexno, frexeno, Latin fraxinus (“ash tree”), from *bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos, adjective of Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos (“birch”).


ananás

→ French: ananas

Borrowed from Portuguese ananás, from Guaraní naná.


helecho

Inherited from Old Spanish felecho, from Latin filictum (“fernbrake”), from filix (“fern”). Compare Asturian felechu, Friulian felet, Galician fieito, and Portuguese feto.


hiedra

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]

Inherited from Latin hedera, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to seize, grasp, take”).


papagayo

desctree

→ Old French: papegai
→ Czech: papoušek (details unknown)
→ Middle Dutch: papegay
Dutch: papegaai, papagaai (misspelling), pappegaai, pappegaei, pappegaey, papegaei, papegaey (obsolete)
Afrikaans: papegaai
Berbice Creole Dutch: papkai
→ Aukan: papakai
→ Russian: попуга́й (popugáj)
→ Ingrian: popugai
→ Veps: popugai
→ Yakut: попугай (popugay)
→ Middle English: popinjay
English: popinjay
→ Finnish: papukaija
→ Middle High German: papegei
German: Papagei
→ Hungarian: papagáj
→ Middle Low German: papegoie
→ Danish: papegøje
→ Norwegian: papegøye
→ Swedish: papegoja
→ Portuguese: papagaio
→ Northern Kurdish: papaxan

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek παπαγᾶς (papagâs), from Arabic بَبَّغَاء (babbaḡāʔ), of onomatopoeic origin.

bor+

peacock fish (Labrus mixtus, syn. Labrus variegatus)


zarzaparrilla

→ Catalan: sarsaparrella

→ English: sarsaparilla

From zarza (“bramble”) + parrilla (“little vine”).


epazote

es-noun

epazote m (countable and uncountable, plural epazotes)

→ English: epazote

→ French: épazote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl epazōtl.


rábano

→ Cebuano: labanos

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: rábānō

→ Tagalog: labanos

Inherited from Old Spanish rávano, from Latin raphanus, from Ancient Greek ῥάφανος (rháphanos), perhaps related to ῥάπυς (rhápus), ῥάφυς (rháphus, “turnip”).


albahaca

→ Basque: albaka

→ Cebuano: albahaka

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: albaja̱quej

→ Russian: альбаа́ка (alʹbaáka)

→ Tagalog: albahaka

Inherited from Old Spanish albafaca, metathesized from Arabic الْحَبَق (al-ḥabaq, “basil”), first attested in the 13th century.

metathesis

metathesized


hinojo

Inherited from Old Spanish finojo, from Vulgar Latin *fenuclum, from Latin fēnuculum, from a diminutive of Latin fēnum.


anís

Borrowed from French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνῑσον (ánīson).


leño

Inherited from Latin lignum, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-no- (“that which is collected”), from *leǵ-.

der

(Mexico, Honduras, slang) joint (marijuana cigarette)


uchuva

Physalis peruviana
Physalis peruviana#Translingual

goldenberry, Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana)


tomatillo

From tomate + -illo, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.


aguja

Chavacano: aguja

→ Copainalá Zoque: acuša

→ Ladino: alguja

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: a̱co̱xaj

→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: acoxa

→ Tagalog: aguha

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: öcuxa

→ Ye'kwana: makusa

Inherited from Late Latin acūcula, diminutive of Latin acus (“needle”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-. Compare Sicilian agugghia.

en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj


ácana

Manilkara bidentata
Manilkara bidentata#Translingual

a tree belonging to the Sapotaceae family; Manilkara bidentata; balatá


arce

Inherited from Old Spanish azre, from Latin acere (“maple tree”).


sabina

Borrowed from Latin sabīna respectively its taxonomical occurrence.

Tetraclinis articulata
Tetraclinis articulata#Translingual

(Melilla) sandarac (Tetraclinis articulata Masters)


tule

English: tule

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tōllin (“bulrush, sedge”).


pensamiento

From pensar + -miento. Compare Portuguese pensamento, Catalan pensament.


latón

Borrowed from Arabic لَاطُون (lāṭūn, “copper, copper alloy”), itself ultimately of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic 𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣 (l¹t¹un¹, “gold”). Compare Turkish altın, Karakhanid اَلْتُونْ (altūn, “gold”).


latón

From Vulgar Latin *lotōnem, derived from Latin lotus, a borrowing from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós). Coromines & Pascual posit that the Spanish word's unvoiced /-t-/ is due to borrowing from Aragonese, presumably meaning the Pyrenean varieties that did not lenite intervocalic Latin /p t k/.


acerola

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الزَعْرُورَة (az-zaʕrúra), from Classical Arabic زُعْرُورَة (zuʕrūra).

الزَعْرُورَة

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

azarole, the fruit of the acerolo (Crataegus azarolus)


aguacate

→ Asturian: aguacate

→ Basque: ahuakate

→ Galician: aguacate

⇒ Spanish: avocado (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado fruit”).


guanábana

→ Catalan: guanàbana

→ English: guanabana

soursop, custard apple (fruit, Annona montana)


zapote

→ English: sapote

→ Yaqui: sapóote

Borrowed from a Nahuan language, from Proto-Nahuan *ȼapotl. Doublet of chapote.


guayabo

Borrowed from Lokono guayabo (“guava tree”).

(Colombia) hangover (illness caused by a previous bout of heavy drinking)


auyama

(Venezuela, Colombia, Dominican Republic) squash


níspero

Inherited from Old Spanish niéspero, néspero, from Vulgar Latin *nespirum, from Latin mespilum, borrowed from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon), most likely of non-Indo-European origin. For the development of the stressed vowel, compare avispa (from Old Spanish biespa) and víspera (from Old Spanish viésperas).

Mespilus germanica
Mespilus germanica#Translingual

Crataegus germanica
Crataegus germanica#Translingual

medlar (Mespilus germanica, now Crataegus germanica)

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual

Manilkara zapota
Manilkara zapota#Translingual

(Caribbean, Central America, Venezuela) sapodilla (Manilkara zapota and Manilkara huberi)


habichuela

→ Tagalog: abitsuwelas

→ Hanunoo: abitsuwilas

From haba (“bean”) + -ichuela, or possibly from a Mozarabic *fabichela (cf. attested faichiela), from Vulgar Latin *fabicella, diminutive of Latin faba.

(Castilla La Mancha, Murcia, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico) bean seed


mandioca

desctree

→ Middle French: manioc
French: manioc
→ German: Maniok
→ Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
Turkish: manyok
→ Romanian: manioc
→ English: manioc
→ Lingala: manyɔ́kɔ
→ Romanian: manioc

Borrowed from Portuguese mandioca, from Old Tupi mani'oka.


chichigua

(El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua) wet nurse

(Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua) nipplefruit


chichigua

es-adj

chichigua m or f (masculine and feminine plural chichiguas)

(rustic, Guatemala, Mexico) female (of an animal being raised)


elote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl ēlōtl (“green corn cob, fresh ear of corn”).

bor+

(Mexico, Central America) fresh ear of corn


absintio

Borrowed from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion, “wormwood”). Doublet of ajenjo.


frambuesa

Borrowed from French framboise, of Germanic origin.


cáñamo

→ Portuguese: cânhamo

Inherited from Old Spanish cannamo, from Late Latin cannabum, from Latin cannabis, from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis, “hemp”). Doublet of cannabis.


casuarina

casuarina (any of numerous trees, of the genera Casuarina and Allocasuarina, having segmented needle-like leaves; especially the ironwood and beefwood; she-oak)


abedul

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *betūle or *betūlus, from Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.
Also compare Catalan bedoll, French bouleau, Portuguese bétula, Italian betulla.


nuez

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *nŏcem, alteration of Latin nucem (from which the expected outcome would have been *noz) , ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *knew-.


tilo

Probably borrowed from Old French til, from Latin tilia, with a shift in gender.

basswood tree, limewood tree, linden wood


álamo

From Vandalic *alms (“elm, elm-like trees”), related to Old Norse almr (“elm”), from Proto-Germanic *elmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”). Doublet of olmo (“elm”).

Coordinate term: chopo


arroz

→ Navajo: alóós

→ Ye'kwana: ado

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wrinǰišder.
Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza)bor.
Arabic رُزّ (ruzz)
Arabic *رَوْز (*rawz)
Andalusian Arabic روزder.
Spanish arroz
Inherited from Old Spanish arroz.

etymon

rice (cereal plants, Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food)


estanco

es-adj

estanco (feminine estanca, masculine plural estancos, feminine plural estancas)

estanca (feminine)
estancos (masculine plural)
estancas (feminine plural)


estanco

(Spain) shop or commercial outlet where controlled items, especially cigarettes, are sold


aceituna

Borrowed from Arabic زَيْتُونَة (zaytūna), via Andalusian Arabic.


diente de león

es-noun

diente de león m (plural dientes de león)


calabaza

→ Basque: kalabaza

→ Cebuano: kalabasa

→ English: calabaza

→ French: calebasse (see there for further descendants)

→ Hiligaynon: kalabasa

→ Tagalog: kalabasa

From Old Spanish calabaça, derived from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia *calapacceu (compare Catalan carabassa). Less likely from Arabic قَرْعَة يَابِسَة (qarʕa yābisa, “dry gourd”), which is from Classical Persian خَرْبُزَه (xarbuza, “melon”).

bor

قَرْعَة يَابِسَة

der

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

pumpkin, Cucurbita pepo (a typical pumpkin used for Halloween and autumn seasonal decoration)

(Spain, Mexico, Caribbean, Argentina) gourd, pumpkin

Boletus edulis
Boletus edulis#Translingual

calabaza de nuez
calabaza de nuez#Spanish

Ellipsis of calabaza de nuez.; butternut squash


palmera

From palma + -era, or borrowed from Catalan palmera.


reventón

From reventar (“to explode, to crack”) + -ón.

a cultivar of maize, whose seeds are used for popcorn


coronilla

Latin: coronilla


lirio

Inherited from Old Spanish lilio, borrowed from Latin līlium, from Ancient Greek λείριον (leírion). Cognate with English lily.


alcaravea

Borrowed from Arabic الكَرَاوِيَا (al-karāwiyā, “caraway”), via Andalusian Arabic.

bor+

الكَرَاوِيَا


viñedo

Inherited from Latin vīnētum (“vineyard”), from vīnum (“wine”), influenced by viña.


guacal

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl huacalli.


patilla

→ Bikol Central: patilya

→ Catalan: patilla

→ Cebuano: patilya

→ Tagalog: patilya


toronja

Borrowed from Arabic تُرُنْجَة (turunja, “citron”). Compare Portuguese toranja and Catalan taronja (“orange”).


banano

(Colombia, Central America) banana (fruit)


cucharilla

great desert spoon (Dasylirion acrotrichum)


parra

Possibly from Gothic *𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌰 (*parra), *𐍀𐌰𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*parrans, “trellis; fencing”). Cf. Medieval Latin parricus.

grapevine (the plant on which grapes grow)


arándano

Blend of Hispano-Proto-Celtic *agranio (“sloe”) (compare Aragonese arañon, Catalan aranyó) and Late Latin rodandarum, lorandrum, variants of Latin rhododendron, from Ancient Greek ῥοδόδενδρον (rhodódendron), from ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) + δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).

der

Buenas y súper sanas, estas pequeñas frutas tienen excelentes propiedades nutricionales y se pueden comer solas.

2015 November 20, “Qué Hacer Con Arándanos Frescos Y Azules”, in Quehacer:

Tasty and super healthy, these small fruits have excellent nutritional properties and can be eaten alone.


fucsia

From New Latin fuchsia, eponym from Leonhart Fuchs.


nopal

→ English: nopal

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl nohpalli.


toloache

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl toloatzin.


amarilis

Amaryllis belladonna
Wikispecies:Amaryllis belladonna

amaryllis (the belladonna lily Amaryllis belladonna)


guisante

→ Hiligaynon: gesantes

Borrowed from Aragonese bisalto, from Mozarabic biššáuṭ, from Latin pisum sapidum, with influence from guisar (“to stew”) and Aragonese guixo.

De guisantes (pisum sativum, de Lineo) hay varias especies, y de ellas son las principales: El guisante de los campos, o ceniciento, de que hay dos variedades una de verano otra de invierno.

1856, Francisco de Paula Mellado, Charles Laboulaye, Diccionario de artes y manufacturas, de agricultura, de minas, etc: descripción de todos los procedimientos industriales y fabriles, page 371:


higuera

Inherited from Old Spanish figuera, from Latin fīcāria, from fīcus (“fig”).


higo

desc

→ Classical Nahuatl: hīcox, īcox (alternative spelling)

Inherited from Old Spanish figo, from Latin fīcus (“fig, fig tree”). Cognate with English fig.


sensitiva

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual

mimosa (sensitive plant) - Mimosa pudica


mijo

es-noun

mijo m (plural mijos, feminine mija, feminine plural mijas)

mijos (plural)
mija (feminine)
mijas (feminine plural)

English: miho

(colloquial, Mexico, Colombia) friend, guy


ramón

From ramo (“branch”) + -ón (augmentative suffix).


almeza

From Andalusian Arabic الميس (al-méys), from Arabic مَيْس (mays, “a kind of tree”).


almez

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الميس (al-méys), from Arabic مَيْس (mays, “a kind of tree”).

bor+

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

(Celtis australis L.) Mediterranean hackberry


coyopacle

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl coyopahtli, from coyotl (“coyote”) + pahtli (“medicine”).


amole

→ English: amole

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl ahmōlli (“soap; cooked root used as soap”).


tuera

Borrowed from Mozarabic طوره (ṭwrh /tura, tuera/), from Latin thora, phthora, from Ancient Greek φθορά (phthorá, “destruction, death, damage”).

der

Citrullus colocynthis
Citrullus colocynthis#Translingual

colocynth, bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis)

Aconitum napellus
Aconitum napellus#Translingual

annual scorpion-vetch (Coronilla scorpioides)


palta

(historical, uncountable) Palta (extinct language)


eneldo

From earlier aneldo, from Old Spanish aneldo, eneldo, inherited from Vulgar Latin *anēthulum, diminutive of Latin anēthum, from Ancient Greek ἄνηθον (ánēthon). Cognate with Portuguese endro.


soja

Borrowed from Dutch soja; from the Satsuma dialectal Japanese そや (soya), which is the topicalized form of 醤油 (そい, soi) (cognate to standard Japanese 醤油 (しょうゆ, shōyu)), from Late Middle Japanese 醤油 (しやうゆ, shiyauyu), orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 醬油 (tsjàng-yuw), from 醬 (t͡sɨɐŋᴴ, “bean paste”) + 油 (“oil”).


acebo

Inherited from Old Spanish azevo, from Vulgar Latin *acifolium or *acifulum, ultimately from Latin aquifolium.


escarola

Borrowed from Italian scarola, scariola, from Late Latin ēscāriola.

La escariola nasce y cresce en los huertos auiendola sembrado.

1557, Leonhart Fuchs, translated by Juan de Jarava, Historia de yeruas, y plantas, Antwerp: Por los herederos de Arnaldo Byrcman, page 409:

The endive is born and grows in the gardens after one’s having it sown.


baya

Borrowed from French baie. Cognate with English bay (“bay leaf, bay laurel”).


fachar

es-verb

fachar (first-person singular present facho, first-person singular preterite faché, past participle fachado)

facho (first-person present singular)
faché (first-person preterite singular)
fachado (participle past)
fachar (infinitive)
fachando (gerund)
fachado (masculine participle past singular)
fachada (feminine participle past singular)
fachados (masculine participle past plural)
fachadas (feminine participle past plural)
facho (first-person indicative present singular)
fachas (indicative informal present second-person singular)
fachás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
facha (indicative present singular third-person)
fachamos (first-person indicative plural present)
facháis (indicative plural present second-person)
fachan (indicative plural present third-person)
fachaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fachabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fachaba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fachábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fachabais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fachaban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
faché (first-person indicative preterite singular)
fachaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
fachó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
fachamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
fachasteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
facharon (indicative plural preterite third-person)
facharé (first-person future indicative singular)
facharás (future indicative second-person singular)
fachará (future indicative singular third-person)
facharemos (first-person future indicative plural)
facharéis (future indicative plural second-person)
facharán (future indicative plural third-person)
facharía (conditional first-person indicative singular)
facharías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
facharía (conditional indicative singular third-person)
facharíamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
facharíais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
facharían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
fache (first-person present singular subjunctive)
faches (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
fachés (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
fache (present singular subjunctive third-person)
fachemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
fachéis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
fachen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
fachara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
facharas (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fachara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
facháramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
facharais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
facharan (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fachase (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
fachases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
fachase (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
fachásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
fachaseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
fachasen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
fachare (first-person future singular subjunctive)
fachares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
fachare (future singular subjunctive third-person)
facháremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
fachareis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
facharen (future plural subjunctive third-person)
facha (imperative informal second-person singular)
fachá (imperative informal second-person singular vos-form)
fache (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fache (imperative singular third-person)
fachemos (first-person imperative plural)
fachad (imperative plural second-person)
fachen (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fachen (imperative plural third-person)
faches (imperative negative second-person singular)
fache (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
fache (imperative negative singular third-person)
fachemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
fachéis (imperative negative plural second-person)
fachen (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
fachen (imperative negative plural third-person)
facharme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
facharte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
facharle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
facharse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
facharnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
facharos (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
facharles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
facharse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
facharme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
facharte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
facharlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
facharla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
facharse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
facharnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
facharos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
facharlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
facharlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
facharse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
fachándome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
fachándote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
fachándole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
fachándose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
fachándonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
fachándoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
fachándoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
fachándose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
fachándome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
fachándote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
fachándolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
fachándola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
fachándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
fachándonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
fachándoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
fachándolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
fachándolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
fachándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
fáchame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
fáchate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
fáchale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fáchanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
fáchales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fáchame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
fáchate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
fáchalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fáchala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fáchanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
fáchalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fáchalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
fachame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
fachate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
fachale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fachanos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
fachales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fachame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
fachate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
fachalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fachala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fachanos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
fachalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fachalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
fácheme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
fáchele (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchese (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchenos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
fácheles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
fácheme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
fáchelo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchela (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchese (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchenos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
fáchelos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
fáchelas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
fachémoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
fachémosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
fachémonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
fachémoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
fachémosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
fachémoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
fachémoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
fachémosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
fachémonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
fachémoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
fachémoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
fachémoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
fachadme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
fachadle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fachadnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
fachaos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
fachadles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fachadme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
fachadlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fachadla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fachadnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
fachaos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
fachadlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fachadlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchenme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
fáchenle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchennos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
fáchenles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchense (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchenme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
fáchenlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchenla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchennos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
fáchenlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchenlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
fáchense (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)


tomillo

→? Catalan: tomello

→ Portuguese: tomilho

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *thymellus, diminutive of Latin thymus, from Ancient Greek θύμος (thúmos).


ciprés

Borrowed from Occitan cipres, from Late Latin cypressus, from Ancient Greek κυπάρισσος (kupárissos).

Cupressus sempervirens
Cupressus sempervirens#Translingual


amapola

La ubicación de los 528 cultivos legales de adormidera es secreta, pero en primavera es imposible esconder esas 11.000 hectáreas plagadas de amapolas blancas que hay en España, según los datos del Ministerio de Sanidad.

2022 June 1, Manuel Ansede, Olivia López Bueno, “Los vampiros del opio: un temerario turismo por los pueblos de España en busca de morfina”, in El País:

The location of the 528 legal poppy farms is secret, but in springtime it's impossible to hide these 11,000 hectares covered with white poppies all across Spain, according to data from the Ministry of Health.


estoque

From Old French estoc (“end of a sword”).


azahar

Form Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الزَّهْرَة (az-zahra, “flower, blossom”); compare Italian zagara (“orange blossom”).


llantén menor

es-noun

llantén menor m (plural llantenes menores)

Plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata#Translingual

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual

ribwort (Plantago lanceolata or Plantago major)


llantén

[ɟ͡ʝãn̪ˈt̪ẽn]

[ɟ͡ʝãn̪ˈt̪ẽn]


orégano

→ English: oregano

→ German: Oregano

From Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὅρῑ́γανον (hórī́ganon), possibly from ὄρος (óros, “mountain, hill”) + γάνος (gános, “brightness, sheen”).

Origanum vulgare
Origanum vulgare#Translingual

oregano, pot marjoram (Origanum vulgare)


euforbio

Borrowed from Latin euphorbium, from Ancient Greek εὐφόρβιον (euphórbion).


estropajo

Perhaps from estopa (“tow, oakum”), from Latin stuppa (“tow, coarse flax”).

Después de hablar de forma tan idiota, límpiate la lengua con un estropajo, como hacía de niño tu madre.

2012 June 9, Manuel Vicent, “Nunca digas”, in El País, Madrid, →ISSN:


espárrago

From Latin sparagus, asparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos).


rocío

Inherited from Old Spanish rucio, or deverbal from rociar, from Vulgar Latin *rōscidare, from Latin rōscidus (“filled with dew”), from rōs (“dew”).

ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)


legumbre

From Latin legūmine(m), improper accusative (by analogy) of legūmen.


tineo

A South American tree, Weinmannia trichosperma.


boca de dragón

boca de dragón f (plural bocas de dragón)


mazacote

Borrowed from Italian marzacotto (second element influenced by cotto (“cooked”)), from Arabic مَسْحَقُونِيَّا (masḥaqūniyyā), from Classical Syriac ܡܫܚ ܩܘܢܝܐ (məšaḥ qūnyā, “ointment of sosa”), from ܡܫܚ (məšaḥ, “salve, unguent”) (from ܡܫܚ (məšaḥ, “to anoint”); see Hebrew מָשַׁח (māšaḥ, “to anoint”)) + Ancient Greek κονία (konía, “dust, ashes”).

der

مَسْحَقُونِيَّا

Arabic مَسْحَقُونِيَّا (masḥaqūniyyā)

(botany) barilla (Soda inermis, syn. Salsola soda)


muermo

Inherited from Latin morbus (“disease, illness”). Doublet of morbo.

inh+

El bajo ha sido jarro
y agora tiene muermo,
la tercera cruel canta de enfermo.

1631, Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio, La noche de San Juan:

Eucryphia cordifolia, a South American tree.


pimiento morrón

es-noun

pimiento morrón m (plural pimientos morrones)

(Spain, Mexico, Guatemala, Peru, Chile) bell pepper, sweet pepper


berenjena

→ Basque: berenjena

→ Kapampangan: balasenas

→ Ladino: berenjena, berendjena

→ Pohnpeian: pringihnas

→ French: beringène

Dutch: boulanger

Borrowed from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân). Compare Portuguese beringela.


chirimoya

→ Basque: txirimoia

→ Catalan: xirimoia

→ English: cherimoya

→ French: chérimole

→ Italian: cirimoia

the fruit of the chirimoyo, the cherimoya


betarraga

Borrowed from French betterave; assimilated to Spanish -aga.


coliflor

→ Tagalog: koliplor

From col (“cabbage”) + flor (“flower”); compare French chou-fleur, English cauliflower.


castaño

Probably from Latin castaneus, or a back-formation from castaña. Compare Portuguese castanho. Compare also Vulgar Latin *cassanus, from Celtic, and French chêne.


castaña

desctree

⇒ Spanish: castañeta
→ Czech: kastaněty
→ English: castanet
→ Estonian: kastanjett
→ French: castagnette
→ Dutch: castagnet
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kastanjett
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kastanjett
→ Finnish: kastanjetit
→ Hungarian: kasztanyetta
→ Irish: castainéid
→ Italian: castagnetta
→ Japanese: カスタネット
→ Macedonian: кастане́ти (kastanéti)
→ Polish: kastaniety
→ Romanian: castanietă
→ Russian: кастаньета (kastanʹjeta)

→ Cebuano: kastanyas (from the plural)

→ Tagalog: kastanyas (from the plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish castanna, from Latin castanea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia).


cerezo

Inherited from Old Spanish cereso, probably from a Vulgar Latin cereseum, from Latin cerasus, from Ancient Greek κερασός (kerasós). Cognate with English cerise and cherry.


algarrobo

→ English: algarrobo

→ Italian: algarrobo


perejil

Inherited from Old Spanish, borrowed from Old Occitan pe(i)ressil, from Latin petroselinum, from Ancient Greek πετροσέλινον (petrosélinon), from πέτρα (pétra, “stone”) + σέλινον (sélinon, “celery”).

der

πετροσέλινον


ajenjo

Inherited from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). Doublet of absintio.


membrillo

Inherited from Latin melimēlum (“sweet apple”), from Ancient Greek μελίμηλον (melímēlon), from μέλι (méli, “honey”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”). Compare Portuguese marmelo.


romero

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *rōmārius, alteration of rōs maris, equivalent of Latin rōsmarīnus. Compare Catalan romer, French romarin and English rosemary.


dátil

Borrowed from Catalan dàtil, from Latin dactylus, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”). Doublet of dáctilo.


grosella

currant (fruit of bushes of the genus Ribes)


alubia

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic اللُوبِيَا (al-lúbya), from Arabic لُوبِيَاء (lūbiyāʔ), from Persian لوبیا (lubiyâ).

der

Arabic لُوبِيَاء (lūbiyāʔ)


saúco

Inherited from Old Spanish sabuco, from Latin sabūcus, variant of sambūcus. With the case of Spanish, it was influenced in Vulgar Latin by the suffix -uccus (hence the -c- instead of expected -g-). Compare Galician and Portuguese sabugo, Asturian sabú, Catalan saüc.


marrubio

Inherited from Old Spanish marruvio, from Latin marrubium.

Marrubium vulgare
Marrubium vulgare#Translingual


cigüeña

Erodium cicutarium
Erodium cicutarium#Translingual


canelo

es-adj

canelo (feminine canela, masculine plural canelos, feminine plural canelas)

canela (feminine)
canelos (masculine plural)
canelas (feminine plural)


golondrina

→ Fala: golondrina

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: colondrina

→ Tagalog: golondrina

Inherited from Old Spanish golondrina, from Latin hirundine, with metathesis. Compare Portuguese andorinha.


alforfón

From Galician alforfa (“forage”) + -ón (augmentative suffix). See alfalfa.


centeno

Inherited from Late Latin centēnum (“rye”, literally “something gathered hundred each”), from Latin centēnus (“hundred each”), from centum (“hundred”).


Cristina

a female given name, equivalent to English Christina


ocra

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual

(El Salvador) okra, Abelmoschus esculentus


bledo

importar un bledo

to not care less, to not give a shit, to not give a damn

Amaranthus blitum
Amaranthus blitum#Translingual

Amaranthus retroflexus
Wikispecies:Amaranthus retroflexus

blite, pigweed (a plant of the genus Amaranthus, especially the purple amaranth (Amaranthus blitum) and common amaranth, (Amaranthus retroflexus))


alazor

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْعَصْفُر (al-ʕaṣfúr), from Arabic اَلْعُصْفُر (al-ʕuṣfur, “safflower”).


centinodia

Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare#Translingual


amaranto

es-adj

amaranto (feminine amaranta, masculine plural amarantos, feminine plural amarantas)

amaranta (feminine)
amarantos (masculine plural)
amarantas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos).


amaranto

→ Tagalog: amaranto


horro

es-adj

horro (feminine horra, masculine plural horros, feminine plural horras)

horra (feminine)
horros (masculine plural)
horras (feminine plural)


acebuche

Inherited from Old Spanish [Term?], from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic الزَّبُّوج (az-zabbūj).


ajonjolí

es-noun

ajonjolí m (plural ajonjolís or ajonjolíes)

Inherited from Old Spanish ajonjolí, aljonjolí, from an ambiguous Andalusian Arabic form, of raised final vowel from Arabic جُلْجُلَان (juljulān, “sesame seed”), or of clipped ending, جُلْجُل (juljul) + -í (nisba), as the descendants of the pomegranate cultivar سَفَرِيّ (safariyy), or rather + -ín (diminutive) in view of Portuguese gergelim (“sesame”), all of which require dissimilation in the second consonant of the Romance form. Instances of metathetic جُنْجُلَال (junjulāl) can also be found today, the last consonant of which would only have undergone haplology after a raise of the vowel before it.

der

sesame, sesame seed (the seed of this plant)


nenúfar

Borrowed from Medieval Latin nenuphar, from Arabic نِلُوفَر (nilūfar), نِينُوفَر (nīnūfar), from Middle Persian nylw(k)pl (nīlōpal, “lotus, water-lily”), from Sanskrit नीलोत्पल (nīlotpala, “blue lotus”).


rocoto

→ English: rocoto


mundillo

From mundo (“world”) + -illo (diminutive suffix).

af

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

(botany) Viburnum opulus (guelder rose, water elder, snowball tree)


áloe

Borrowed from Latin aloē, from Ancient Greek ἀλόη (alóē).


espadaña

From espada (“sword”). Compare Catalan espadanya and Galician espadana.


aceña

Borrowed from Arabic سَانِيَة (sāniya), via Andalusian Arabic.


acíbar

Borrowed from Arabic اَلصَّبِر (aṣ-ṣabir, “aloe”).


cogollo

Inherited from Latin cucullus. Cognate with English cowl.

el cogollo de palma

1888, Eduardo Acevedo Díaz, Ismael, Buenos Aires: La Tribuna Nacional:


cerbatana

Borrowed from Arabic سَبَطَانَة (sabaṭāna).


berza

Inherited from Old Spanish verça, from a Vulgar Latin *virdia (see for cognates), from syncopation of viridis (“green”).


alerce

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْأَرْز (al-ʔarz), from Classical Arabic أَرْز (ʔarz, “cedar”).


alcaparra

From Mozarabic, from Arabic الْكَبَّار (al-kabbār) or Latin cappāris.


bellota

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic بَلُّوطَة (ballūṭa, “oak, acorn”), from Syriac ܒܠܘܛܐ.


choclo

Borrowed from Quechua chuqllu (“fresh maize”).


almendral

almond orchard (a place with many almond trees)


chaparra

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera#Translingual


nardo

nard, spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or Nardostachys jatamansi)


raigón del Canadá

es-noun

raigón del Canadá m (plural raigones del Canadá)


papiro

Learned borrowing from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros). Doublet of pabilo.

papyrus (a scroll or document written on papyrus)


retama

Spartium junceum
Spartium junceum#Translingual

(botany) Spanish broom, Spartium junceum


orozuz

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق السُوس (ʕirq as-sūs), via Andalusian Arabic.

bor+

عِرْق السُوس

Alternative form of alcazuz: liquorice plant


chocho

From Mozarabic xauxu, from Latin salsus (“salty”).


chocho

es-adj

chocho (feminine chocha, masculine plural chochos, feminine plural chochas)

chocha (feminine)
chochos (masculine plural)
chochas (feminine plural)

Perhaps related to clueco (and Italian chioccio) or Basque txotxo.


anacardo

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνάκαρδος (anákardos).

bor+

pollo con anacardo


añil

→ Cebuano: anyil

→ Hiligaynon: anyil

→ Ivatan: añil

Borrowed from Arabic النِّيل (an-nīl) via Andalusian Arabic, from Classical Persian نیل (nīl, “indigo”), from Middle Persian 𐭭𐭩𐭫 (nyl /nīl/), ultimately from Sanskrit नील (nīla, “blue”).

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual

true indigo, indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)


remolacha

Borrowed from Italian ramolaccio, from Latin armoracia, from Gaulish *are more (“about/around the sea”). Compare German Meerrettich.


muña

From Quechua muña, originally used by Andeans to refer to any plant smelling of mint.

Uso de ramas de chamcua (Minthostachys mollis) o muña (Minthostachys andina) que funcionan como repelentes y también tienen efecto insecticida.

2007, Mario E. Tapia, Ana María Fries, Guía de los cultivos andinos, Lima: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación / Asociación Nacional de Productores Ecológicos del Perú, archived from the original on 2020-02-18, page 39:

Use of branches of chamcua (Minthostachys mollis) or muña (Minthostachys andina) that function as repellants and also have insecticide effect.

(Peru, Bolivia) Minthostachys spp., especially Minthostachys mollis, Minthostachys setosa and Minthostachys andina


mejorana

From older mayorana, majorana, from Medieval Latin maiorana, q.v. (compare French marjolaine, Italian maggiorana and Portuguese manjerona).

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


girasol

→ Tagalog: hirasol

Verb-object compound, composed of gira (“to spin, to turn”) + sol (“sun”).


estafisagria

Borrowed from New Latin staphisagria, from Ancient Greek σταφίς ἀγρίᾱ (staphís agríā, literally “wild grape”).

der

σταφίς ἀγρίᾱ


abarraz

Borrowed from Arabic حَبّ الرَأْس (ḥabb ar-raʔs).

bor+

حَبّ الرَأْس

(rare) stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria)


cidro

Semi-learned borrowing from Latin citrus.


geranio

→ Tagalog: heranyo


filipéndula

From Latin fīlum (“filum”) + pendula (“pendant”).


vejiga de perro

es-noun

vejiga de perro f (plural vejigas de perro)


alquequenje

→ Italian: alchechengi

Borrowed from Arabic الكَاكَنْج (al-kākanj, “bladder cherry”).

bor+

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual

bladder cherry (Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi))


aciano

From a- + Latin cyanus (“cornflower”), a semi-learned borrowing.

Centaurea cyanus
Centaurea cyanus#Translingual


sésamo

Borrowed from Latin sēsamum, from Ancient Greek σήσαμον (sḗsamon), from Old Aramaic שושמא (šūššmā), shortening of שומשומא (šumššumā), from Akkadian 𒃻𒈦𒌑𒈬 (/šamaššammū/), 𒊭𒈦𒌑𒈨 (/šamaššammi/, literally “oil plant”). See English sesame for more information.

der

Aramaic שושמא (šūššmā)


marojo

Probably from Latin malum folium (literally “bad leaf”).

inh

red-berried mistletoe (Viscum cruciatum)


agraz

Probably from agro, from Latin acrus, from acer, acris.
See also Italian agresto.

Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale, Vaccinium floribundum)


murta

From Latin myrta (“myrtle”), from Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”), from a Semitic root M-R-R meaning bitter.


cedrón

From cidro (“citron”) + -ón, from Latin citrus.

Aloysia triphylla
Wikispecies:Aloysia triphylla

lemon verbena (shrub, Aloysia triphylla)


col de Bruselas

es-noun

col de Bruselas f (plural coles de Bruselas)


achicoria

From earlier chicoria, probably through a Mozarabic intermediate, from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin *cichōria, from the plural of Latin cichōrium, from Ancient Greek κιχόρεια (kikhóreia).


pie de caballo

pie de caballo m (plural pies de caballo)


uña de caballo

uña de caballo f (plural uñas de caballo)


ajedrea

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic اشترية (aš-šaṭríyya), from Latin satureia.


toronjil

From Arabic تُرُنْجَان (turunjān, “lemon balm”), Andalusian Arabic forms of which تُرُنْجِين (turunjīn) and تُرُنْجِيل (turunjīl).


asperilla

From áspera + -illa (diminutive suffix), from Latin asper.


manzana silvestre

es-noun

manzana silvestre f (plural manzanas silvestres)


zulla

Variant of sulla, from Andalusian Arabic سُلَّة (sulla), سِلَّة (silla), meaning this very plant.

French honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium)


acanto

Borrowed from Latin acanthus, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos).


boniato

→ Catalan: moniato

→ English: boniato


bardana

Borrowed from French bardane, of unknown ultimate origin.

burdock (any of the species of biennial thistles in the genus Arctium)


jume

only used in me jume, first-person singular present subjunctive of jumarse

only used in se ... jume, syntactic variant of júmese, third-person singular imperative of jumarse


campanilla

→ Cebuano: kampanilya

→ Tagalog: kampanilya

Calystegia sepium
Calystegia sepium#Translingual

(botany) Rutland beauty (Calystegia sepium)


agujón

→ Tagalog: aguhon

From aguja (“needle”) + -ón (“augmentative suffix”).


granado

Inherited from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”).


mamón

es-noun

mamón m (plural mamones, feminine mamona, feminine plural mamonas)

mamones (plural)
mamona (feminine)
mamonas (feminine plural)

mamoncillo (tree and fruit), Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus)

(Chile, derogatory) mama's boy, mommy's darling (person clinging to his mother)

(Mexico, Spain, derogatory) stupid person, dumbass, sucker, bastard


clavel

Borrowed from Catalan clavell, related to clau (“key”).


zurrón

Speculated to be from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia by comparison to Basque zorro (“sack”). Cognate with Asturian zurrón, Catalan sarró, Galician zurrón, Mirandese çurron, and Occitan sarroû, Portuguese surrão. According to Corriente and co-authors from Arabic صُرَّة (ṣurra) + -ón, the Occitano-Romance vocalization must be due to contamination.

Lincolnshire spinach
Lincolnshire spinach

Blitum bonus-henricus
Blitum bonus-henricus#Translingual

Good King Henry, Lincolnshire spinach (Blitum bonus-henricus)


berro

From Gaulish *bẹrŭro-, from Proto-Celtic *beru, akin to Old Irish bir (“water, spring”). Cognate with Asturian berriu, Galician berro and Breton beler.


bambú

Borrowed from Portuguese bambu, from Malay bambu, from Kannada ಬಮ್ಬು (bambu).


pasionaria

From pasión, a reference to the passion of Jesus Christ.

Lo recuerdo […] con una oscura pasionaria en la mano, viéndola come nadie la ha visto, aunque la mirara desde el crepúsculo del día hasta el de la noche, toda una vida entera.

1956 [1944], Jorge Luis Borges, “Funes el memorioso”, in Ficciones, Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, Artificios, page 117:

passionflower (any of very many North American vines of the family Passifloraceae)


cacahuete

→ Catalan: cacauet

→ French: cacahuète

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl (“cocoa bean”), with phonetical influence of alcahuete (“gossip”), hypothetically of Arabic origin (this influence is absent in cacahuate, the variant of the word used in Honduras and Mexico). Note that in Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl might refer to the cocoa bean, with tlālcacahuatl (literally “earth cocoa bean”) probably being the name for the peanut.

bor+

(El Salvador, Spain) peanut (plant, seed)


lentisco

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual


adelfa

→ Cebuano: adelpa

→ Hiligaynon: adelpa

→ Tagalog: adelpa

Borrowed from Arabic دِفْلَى (diflā, “oleander”), from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”).


baniano

Borrowed from Portuguese baniano. See section above for full etymology.


seto

From Latin saeptum, perfect passive participle of saepiō (“to enclose”).


sicómoro

Cebuano: sikomoro

Tagalog: sikomoro

Borrowed from Latin sȳcomorus, from Ancient Greek σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) + μόρος (móros, “black mulberry”).


terebinto

From Latin terebinthus, from Ancient Greek τερέβινθος (terébinthos).


hule

→ English: ule

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: hul

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl ōlli (“latex”).


albudeca

From Andalusian Arabic اَلْبَطِّيخَة (al-baṭṭīḵa, “watermelon”), from Arabic بَطِّيخَة (baṭṭīḵa, “watermelon”).

der

اَلْبَطِّيخَة


mamey

the mamey or mammee apple, Mammea americana


trébol

Borrowed from Catalan trèvol, from Vulgar Latin *trifulus < *trifolum, from Latin trifolium, calque of Ancient Greek τρίφυλλον (tríphullon, “clover”), from τρία (tría, “three”) + φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”). Doublet of trifolio. Cognate with English trefoil.


nectarina

Possibly from French nectarine. Equivalent to néctar + -ina.


pepinillo

pickle (cucumber preserved in a solution)


borraja

Borrowed from Catalan borratja, from Latin borragō.

La mujer que pisa inadvertidamente una mata de borraja, queda propicia a la preñez.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 274:

Borago officinalis
Borago officinalis#Translingual


guar

Borrowed from Hindi ग्वार (gvār), from Sanskrit गोपाली (gopālī, “kind of cucumber”), shortened from गोपालकर्कटी (gopālakarkaṭī, “cowherder's cucumber”), from गोपाल (gopāla, “cowherd”) + कर्कटी (karkaṭī, “cucumber”) (see Latin cucumis and cucurbita).


matagallina

Verb-object compound, composed of mata (“to kill”) + gallina (“hen”).

es-verb-obj

Daphne gnidium
Daphne gnidium#Translingual

(botany) flax-leaved daphne, Daphne gnidium


noguera

Inherited from Late Latin (arbor) nucāria (literally “nut tree”), from Latin nux. Compare Portuguese nogueira, French noyer, Catalan noguera, Occitan noguièr.


hachís

Borrowed from Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš, “dry herb, hay, hemp”).


tamarindo

Ultimately from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, “tamarind”, literally “Indian date”). The "police officer" sense is in reference to the fact that Mexican transit police officers used to wear brown uniforms from the 1950s until the early 2000s

der

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ


durián

Borrowed from English durian, from Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


cajú

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese caju, borrowed from Old Tupi akaîu, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akaju.


ervilla

Probably borrowed from another Ibero-Romance language, from Latin ervilia. Doublet of arveja, the inherited Castilian form.


cocobolo

→ English: cocobolo


mastuerzo

Inherited from Old Spanish mastuerço, from Latin nasturtium. Doublet of nasturcio. The variant nastuerzo is influenced by the word's Latin etymon.


camomila

From Latin chamoemelon, from Ancient Greek χαμαίμηλον (khamaímēlon, “earth-apple”).


caña de azúcar

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual


frutilla

(Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay) strawberry


hepática

From Latin hepaticus, from Ancient Greek ἡπατικός (hēpatikós, “related to the liver”), from ἧπαρ (hêpar), ἥπατος (hḗpatos).


areca

Areca catechu
Areca catechu#Translingual

areca; betel palm (Areca catechu, an Asiatic palm)


palometa

→ Ye'kwana: jadometa

one of various types of fish
Trachinotus goodei

(Venezuela) the silver mylossoma, Mylossoma duriventris


yerba

[ˈɟ͡ʝeɾ.β̞a]

[ˈɟ͡ʝeɾ.β̞a]

Ilex paraguariensis
Ilex paraguariensis#Translingual


mosqueta

Borrowed from Catalan mosqueta, from Latin muscus (“moss”).


cítrico

es-adj

cítrico (feminine cítrica, masculine plural cítricos, feminine plural cítricas)

cítrica (feminine)
cítricos (masculine plural)
cítricas (feminine plural)


vulneraria

kidney vetch, woundwort (Anthyllis vulneraria)


uña de gato

ice plant, Hottentot fig (Mesembryanthemum sp.)

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual


breva

Inherited from Old Spanish bebra, from Latin bifera, feminine form of bifer (“flowering or fruiting twice each year”).

Soñar con uvas negras o brevas es presagio de luto próximo.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 250:

black fig, breba (first fruit of the fig tree)

(Spain, colloquial) titty; jug; knocker (breast)


verbena de Indias

es-noun

verbena de Indias f (plural verbenas de Indias)

lemon verbena (shrub, Aloysia triphylla)


abelmosco

→ Italian: abelmosco

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abelmoskus

Borrowed from New Latin abelmoschus, from Arabic حَبّ الْمِسْك (ḥabb al-misk, “pills of musk”).

der

حَبّ الْمِسْك

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk (evergreen shrub, Abelmoschus moschatus)


acetosa

From Late Latin acētōsus, from Latin acētum.


agapanto

Possibly from Ancient Greek ἀγάπη (agápē, “love, affection”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”)

agapanthus (any member of the genus Agapanthus of flowering plants, especially the African lily)


agnocasto

Borrowed from Latin agnus castus (literally “chaste lamb”).

bor+

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual


guirnalda

Metathetic form of guirlanda, from Old French garlande, garlaunde, gerlande, guerlande (compare French guirlande), from Frankish *wierlōn, *wieralōn, a frequentative form of Frankish *wierōn (“to adorn, bedeck”), from *wiera (“a gold thread”), akin to Old High German wieren (“to adorn”), wiara (“gold thread”). More at English wire.


baya de junípero

es-noun

baya de junípero f (plural bayas de junípero)


enebro

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus. Doublet of junípero, a learned borrowing, and ginebra.


junípero

Borrowed from Latin iūniperus, jūniperus. Compare the inherited doublet enebro, as well as ginebra.


ñisñil

El ñisñil crecía en abundancia a orillas del pantano.

The cattail grew in abundance along the swampy shore.


yatay

[ɟ͡ʝaˈt̪ai̯]

[ɟ͡ʝaˈt̪ai̯]