pez

Inherited from Old Spanish pez, from Latin piscem, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-. Compare peje, Italian pesce, Portuguese peixe, Romanian pește.


rape

Borrowed from Catalan rap (“monkfish”), possibly from Latin rāpum (“turnip”).

monkfish, goosefish (fish of the family Lophiidae)


perro

es-noun

perro m (plural perros, feminine perra, feminine plural perras, diminutive perrillo or perrito)

perros (plural)
perra (feminine)
perras (feminine plural)
perrillo (diminutive)
perrito (diminutive)

Chavacano: perro

→ Portuguese: perro

→ Yao (South America): pero

Inherited from Old Spanish perro (“cur”) (ca. 1200), of uncertain origin. Originally had a pejorative connotation, but soon began to supplant the Latin word can. Perhaps from a call used for dogs; compare Galician apurrar (“set the dogs on”). Another theory derives it from Iberian; compare Asturian perru. If so, it may be related to Spanish zorro.

inh+

por un perro que maté, mataperros me llamaron

perro callejero

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual

dog (the species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding)


acacia

Borrowed from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía) "a thorny Egyptian tree", from ἀκή (akḗ) "point, thorn".

acacia (shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae)


digital

es-adj

digital m or f (masculine and feminine plural digitales)

Borrowed from Latin digitālis. Doublet of dedal, which was inherited.

digital; having to do with the fingers or toes

digital; dealing with discrete values rather than a continuous spectrum of values

digital; dealing with the display of numerical values


banana

→? English: banana

Derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region, probably through Portuguese banana. Further derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.

(Argentina, Dominican Republic, colloquial) smartass


tigre

es-noun

tigre m (plural tigres, feminine tigresa, feminine plural tigresas)

tigres (plural)
tigresa (feminine)
tigresas (feminine plural)

→ Bikol Central: tigre

→ Cebuano: tigre

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: cotigre

→ Tagalog: tigre

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: tigre

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: tigr

From Latin tīgris, from Ancient Greek τίγρις (tígris).


red

Inherited from Old Spanish red, from Latin rēte (“net”). Cognate with English rete.


alpaca

→ Afrikaans: alpakka

→ Arabic: أَلْبَكَة (ʔalbaka)

→ Armenian: ալպակա (alpaka)

→ Belarusian: альпака (alʹpaka)

→ Catalan: alpaca

→ Czech: alpaka

→ Danish: alpaka

→ Dutch: alpaca

→ English: alpaca

→ Gujarati: અલ્પાકા (alpākā)

→ Thai: อัลปากา (an-bpaa-gâa)

desctree

→ French: alpaga
→ Polish: alpaga
→ Romanian: alpaca
→ Russian: альпага (alʹpaga)
→ Armenian: ալպագա (alpaga)

→ Faroese: alpaka

→ Finnish: alpakka

→ Georgian: ალპაკა (alṗaḳa)

→ German: Alpaka

→ Greek: αλπάκα (alpáka)

→ Hungarian: alpaka

→ Irish: alpaca (possibly via English)

→ Italian: alpaca

→ Japanese: アルパカ (arupaka)

→ Korean: 알파카 (alpaka)

→ Macedonian: алпака (alpaka)

→ Norwegian: alpakka

→ Persian: آلپاکا (âlpâkâ)

→ Polish: alpaka

→ Portuguese: alpaca

→ Russian: альпака (alʹpaka)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: алпака

Latin script: alpaka

→ Slovene: alpaca

→ Swedish: alpacka

→ Tagalog: alpaka

→ Ukrainian: альпака (alʹpaka)


yak

yak (plural)
yaks (plural)
yac (alternative)

Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.


guanaco

→ Dutch: guanaco

→ English: guanaco
→ Irish: guanacó

→ French: guanaco

→ Italian: guanaco

→ Portuguese: guanaco

→ Danish: guanaco

Lama guanicoe
Lama guanicoe#Translingual

guanaco (a South American ruminant (Lama guanicoe), closely related to the other lamoids, the alpaca, llama, and vicuña in the family Camelidae)


koala

Borrowed from English koala, from Dharug gula.


bongo

Tragelaphus eurycerus
Tragelaphus eurycerus#Translingual


kiwi

Borrowed from English kiwi, from Maori kiwi.


hacienda

→ Catalan: hisenda

→ English: hacienda

→ French: hacienda

→ Polish: hacjenda

Inherited from Old Spanish fazienda, from Latin facienda (literally “things to be done”), from faciō (“to do”). Cognate with Portuguese fazenda. Doublet of faena.


sombrero

desc

→ Arabic: صُمبرَيرَة

→ Arabic: صُمبرَيرَة

→ Chamicuro: sompelelo

→ Dutch: sombrero

→ English: sombrero

→ Finnish: sombrero

→ French: sombréro, sombrero

→ Georgian: სომბრერო (sombrero)

→ Hungarian: szombréró

→ Isthmus Zapotec: sombreru

→ Italian: sombrero

→ Japanese: ソンブレロ

→ Morelos Nahuatl: xomplelo

→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: xompilelo

→ Russian: сомбреро (sombrero)

→ Swahili: shumburere, shumbulele

→ Tagalog: sambalilo

→ Tagalog: sumbrero

→ Tataltepec Chatino: smalyu

→ Tezoatlán Mixtec: mvélo̱

→ Ye'kwana: samjededu

→ Yosondúa Mixtec: lelu


coral

Inherited from Old Spanish coral, from Old French coral, from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion).

Kennedia coccinea
Wikispecies:Kennedia coccinea


mosquito

→ Belarusian: маскі́т (maskít)

desctree

→ Dutch: muskiet
Afrikaans: muskiet
Berbice Creole Dutch: maskiti
Negerhollands: moeskit, moskite, muskit, moskit
→ Sranan Tongo: maskita
→ Caribbean Hindustani: maskitá
→ Caribbean Javanese: maskitah

→ Esperanto: moskito

→ English: mosquito, muskito (obsolete)
→ Cornish: moskito
Jamaican Creole: maskitta

→ Estonian: moskiito

→ French: moustique (with metathesis)

→ German: Moskito

→⇒ Icelandic: moskítófluga

→ Latvian: moskīts

→ Norman: moustique (with metathesis)

→ Portuguese: mosquito
→ Hunsrik: Muskitt

→ Russian: моски́т (moskít)
→ Yiddish: מאָסקיט (moskit)

→ Ukrainian: москі́т (moskít)

Inherited from Old Spanish mosquito, from mosca + -ito.
Cognate with Sicilian muschitta (“midge”), Italian moschetto. Doublet of mosquete (“musket”)


sepia

Learned borrowing from Latin sēpia. Doublet of jibia.


tortilla

→ English: tortilla

→ Finnish: tortilla

→ Galician: tortilla

→ German: Tortilla

→ Polish: tortilla

rural northern Spain, Andes Mountains, Paraguay, Philippines

Inherited from Old Spanish tortiella, diminutive of torta (“round flatbread”).

(Spain and most Hispanic countries) Spanish omelette, tortilla (omelette)

(Spain and most Hispanic countries) omelette


abuela

es-noun

abuela f (plural abuelas, masculine abuelo, masculine plural abuelos)

abuelas (plural)
abuelo (masculine)
abuelos (masculine plural)

→ Hiligaynon: abuéla

→ Papiamentu: wela

Inherited from Late Latin aviola, diminutive from Latin avia.

si mi abuela tuviera ruedas, sería una bicicleta

grandmother, female equivalent of abuelo


ajo

→ Aymara: ajusa

→ Cebuano: ahos

→ Guaraní: áho

→ Highland Totonac: āꞌxux

→ Ivatan: akus

→ Jakaltek: aẍuẍ

→ Mapudungun: ako

→ Quechua: ahus

→ Rayón Zoque: ašus

→ Tagalog: aho

→ Xicotepec de Juárez Totonac: āꞌxux

→ Ye'kwana: aaju

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: ajo


granada

From the feminine of granado, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”); compare granado. Compare Italian melagranata.


burro

es-noun

burro m (plural burros, feminine burra, feminine plural burras)

burros (plural)
burra (feminine)
burras (feminine plural)

→ Ayutla Mixtec: mburu

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: borroj

→ Cora: puúruꞌu

→ English: burro

→ Highland Puebla Nahuatl: bu̱rroj

→ Morelos Nahuatl: burro

→ Oluta Popoluca: burru

→ Quechua: wuru

→ Taos: mùlduʼúna

→ Tataltepec Chatino: huru

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: puro

From borrico (“donkey”), from Latin burricus (“small horse”), from burrus (“red-brown”), from Ancient Greek πυρρός (purrhós, “flame colored”), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).

der

el burro delante, para que no se espante

si entre burros te ves, rebuzna alguna vez


mariposa

⇒ English: mariposa lily

→ Portuguese: mariposa

From the phrase María pósate (“Mary, alight!”). Displaced Latin pāpiliō, which would have yielded *papilión or *papillón.

Hedychium coronarium
Hedychium coronarium#Translingual


mariquita

ladybird (Commonwealth exc. Canada), ladybug (US, Canada)


loco

es-noun

loco m (plural locos, feminine loca, feminine plural locas)

locos (plural)
loca (feminine)
locas (feminine plural)

Uncertain.
Inherited from Old Spanish loco, perhaps from Andalusian Arabic لَوْقَاء (láwqa), from Arabic لَوْقَاء (lawqāʔ), feminine singular form of أَلْوَق (ʔalwaq, “stupid”), by reinterpreting the final Andalusian Arabic -a as the Ibero-Romance -a and back-forming the masculine with -o. Edward Roberts thinks the term is related to Arabic لَاق (lāq, “to soften”), but this verb is of root l-y-q, not l-w-q like أَلْوَق (ʔalwaq). Alternatively, derived from Ancient Greek γλαυκός (glaukós, “clear”). Compare Portuguese louco and Sicilian loccu.

der

a plant in the genus Astragalus or Oxytropis


loco

(Chile) Chilean edible gastropod mollusk that resembles abalone but is, in fact, a muricid (Concholepas concholepas)


pato

es-noun

pato m (plural patos, feminine pata, feminine plural patas)

patos (plural)
pata (feminine)
patas (feminine plural)

→ Bikol Central: pato

→ Cahuilla: paat

→ Cebuano: pato

→ Chamicuro: pato

→ Chavacano: pato

→ Classical Nahuatl: patox

→ Cora: puáatu

→ English: pato

→ Hiligaynon: patu

→ Karao: pato

→ Oluta Popoluca: pa̱tu

→ O'odham: pa꞉do

→ Papantla Totonac: pá̱tux

→ Samoan: pato

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: copáto

→ Tagalog: pato
→ Tausug: patu'

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: öpöto

→ Tokelauan: pato

→ Waray-Waray: pato

→ Ye'kwana: jatu, jaatu

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic بَّطّ (paṭṭ), from Arabic بَطّ (baṭṭ, “duck”), from Persian بت (bat, “duck”).

bor+

(vulgar, slang, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Puerto Rico) homosexual, faggot


pata

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *patta (“paw, foot”). Compare English patten.

inh+

tanto peca el que mata a la vaca como el que le agarra la pata

Acabo de trapear y ya dejaste tus patas.

I've just finished mopping and now you left your footprints (all over).

(colloquial) footprint (often used in anger)


viña

Inherited from Latin vīnea (“vineyard, grapevine”), from vīnum (“wine”).


pollo

Inherited from Latin pullus, from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”).

der

pollo frito

young chicken (specially a male, or one of unspecified gender)

montar un pollo

(colloquial, gay slang) twink (a young, attractive, slim man)


gallo

es-noun

gallo m (plural gallos, feminine gallina, feminine plural gallinas)

gallos (plural)
gallina (feminine)
gallinas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin gallus (“rooster”).


gallo

megrim (genus Lepidorhombus, a kind of fish)

John Dory (edible marine fish; Zeus faber or Zeus ocellata)

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(boxing) bantamweight (weight class ranging from 112 to 118 pounds)

voice crack (sudden, unintentional change in register, especially during puberty or while singing)


conejo

conejo m (plural conejos, feminine coneja, feminine plural conejas)

conejos (plural)
coneja (feminine)
conejas (feminine plural)

Papiamentu: koneu

→ Asturian: conexu

→ Cebuano: koneho

→ Galician: conexo

→ Quechua: kunu

→ Tagalog: kuneho

Inherited from Old Spanish conejo, from Latin cuniculus.

rabbit, cony, coney (male or unspecified sex)

(Mexico, anatomy) a contracted biceps (having athletic or semi-athletic features, specially when exhibiting, intentionally or not)


teléfono

→ Bikol Central: telepono

→ Cebuano: telepono

→ Hiligaynon: telepono

→ Tagalog: telepono

→ Waray-Waray: telepono

heartleaf philodendron, Philodendron hederaceum


rata

rata f (plural ratas, masculine rato, masculine plural ratos)

ratas (plural)
rato (masculine)
ratos (masculine plural)

From Vulgar Latin rattus (“rat”), of Germanic origin. It is not known how the noun made the jump to a feminine noun.

rat (a medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus)


rata

(colloquial, derogatory) stingy, miserly, tight-fisted

(colloquial, derogatory) rat, snitch, informant


ibex

El club se ha quedado sin más mensajes que la purpurina de las listas de Forbes sobre los clubes más ricos del mundo, los Balones de Oro, la evangelización madridista con puentes en Indonesia o Australia y ese deslumbrante palco de la casa blanca por el que desfilan políticos y empresarios de todos los ibex de este mundo.

2015 November 23, “La pelota es de Florentino”, in El País:


árbol

→ Basque: arbola

→ Cebuano: arbol

→ Sicilian: àrbulu, àrvulu (possibly)

Inherited from Old Spanish arbol, arbor, from Latin arborem f. Compare Portuguese árvore.

quien a buen árbol se arrima, buena sombra le cobija

tree (any plant that is reminiscent of the above but not classified as a tree)

tree (any structure or construct having branches representing divergence or possible choices)


flor

→ English: flor

Inherited from Old Spanish flor, from Latin flōrem m, with a conservative treatment of Latin /fl-/.

Cuando el pabilo de la vela no se quema bien, se forma en el extremo una excrecencia que se llama flor. El florecerse la vela es augurio de riqueza, próxima o remota.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 284:

(archaic) A globular buildup of carbon on the end of a wick.


manzana

→ Asi: mansanas

→ Bikol Central: mansana, mansanas

→ Cebuano: mansanas

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: manzana

→ Ilocano: mansanas

→ Karao: mansanas

→ Maranao: mansanas

→ Navajo: bilasáana

→ Quechua: mansana

→ Tagalog: mansanas

→ Waray-Waray: mansana

→ Western Apache: masáána

→ Yogad: mansanas

desc

→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: manzana

→ Zuni: mansana

From earlier mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna, ellipsis of māla mattiāna, plural of Latin mālum mattiānum (literally “apple of Matius”), referring to a kind of apple. Gaius Matius, a friend of Julius Caesar and Cicero, was a Roman horticulturist and author of cookbooks. Cognate with Portuguese maçã, dialectal Catalan maçana.

der

dar la vuelta a la manzana


tulipán

→ Galician: tulipán

Borrowed from New Latin tulipa, from Turkish tülbent (“fine muslin, turban”), from Persian دلبند (dolband, “turban”). Doublet of turbante.


laurel

Borrowed from Old Occitan laurier, which was inherited from Vulgar Latin *laurārius, which was derived from Latin laurus.


toro

(colloquial) forklift, lift truck, jitney, fork truck (a small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved)


tomate

→ Bikol Central: kamatis

→ Catalan: tomata, tomaca, tomàquet

→ Cebuano: kamatis

desctree

→ Danish: tomat
→ Faroese: tomat
→ Swedish: tomat

→ English: tomato (see there for further descendants)

→ Estonian: tomat

→ French: tomate
Haitian Creole: tomat
→ Hunsrik: Tomatt
→ Sedang: tơmat

→ German: Tomate

→ Hiligaynon: kamatis

→ Interlingua: tomate

→ Karao: kamatis

→ Portuguese: tomate

→ Quechua: tumati

→ Russian: томат (tomat)
→ Armenian: տոմատ (tomat)
→ Georgian: ტომატი (ṭomaṭi)
→ Uzbek: tomat
→ Yakut: томат (tomat)

→ Tagalog: kamatis
→ Hokkien: 柑仔得 (kam-á-tit), 柑仔蜜 (kam-á-bi̍t)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: tomat

Norwegian Nynorsk: tomat

→ Volapük: tomat

→ Waray-Waray: kamatis

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tomatl (“tomatillo”), the tomato proper being xītomatl.

bor+

(colloquial, Chile) a hair bun, or a short ponytail


cola

Inherited from Vulgar Latin coda, from Latin cauda, or from its diminutive caudula. Cognate to French queue and Italian coda.

(Chile, LGBTQ, sometimes pejorative) gayboy, homo


oveja

Inherited from Old Spanish oueja, from Latin ovicula (“little sheep”), diminutive of ovis (“sheep”), from Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Compare Portuguese ovelha, Russian овца (ovca)


palomita

From paloma (“dove”) + -ita (diminutive suffix).

cuello palomita

wing collar, a type of shirt collar often used with tuxedo


candela

→ Cebuano: kandila

→ Limos Kalinga: kandela

→ Masbatenyo: kandila

→ Papiamentu: kandela

→ Tagalog: kandila

Inherited from Latin candēla. Doublet of candil.

Dodonaea viscosa
Dodonaea viscosa#Translingual


litre

Lithraea caustica, a Chilean tree or bush.


panda

Borrowed from Latin pandus, from pandō (“to extend, spread out”).

una panda de vagos


cuerno

Inherited from Latin cornū, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).

(weaponry, Mexico, Central America) AK-47


papa

→ Tagalog: Papa

Borrowed from Latin papas, from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop, patriarch”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”).

der

pope (an honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)


papa

(Latin America, US, Canary Islands, Andalusia, Equatorial Guinea) potato


papa

From Latin pappa (“food; used regarding children”).

inh

(childish, familiar) very bland soup, or more broadly, food in general


achiote

→ Catalan: arxiota

→ English: achiote

→ Quechua: achiyuti

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

bor+

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

(Latin America) achiote (Bixa orellana, a tropical American evergreen shrub)


petrel

→ Catalan: petrell

Borrowed from English petrel or French pétrel.


patata

Borrowed from Taíno batata. Compare batata. Though the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española lists it as a blend of papa + batata.


mote

(South America) hulled cereal, especially pearl barley and hominy


rosa

→ Cebuano: rosa

→ Classical Nahuatl: rosa

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: ros

→⇒ Cebuano: rosas (via rosas (pl.))

→⇒ Tagalog: rosas (via rosas (pl.))

From Old Spanish rosa, a semi-learned borrowing from Latin rosa.


coyote

→ English: coyote

→ French: coyote

→ German: Kojote

→ Italian: coyote

→ Japanese: コヨーテ (koyōte)

→ Korean: 코요테 (koyote)

→ Russian: койо́т (kojót)

→ Tagalog: koyote

Borrowed from a Nahuan language, from Proto-Nahuan *koyootl.

(Mexico) coyote (smuggler of illegal immigrants)


lagarto

⇒ English: alligator

Inherited from Old Spanish lagarto, from Vulgar Latin *lacartum, from Latin lacertus.


cocodrilo

es-noun

cocodrilo m (plural cocodrilos, feminine cocodrila, feminine plural cocodrilas)

cocodrilos (plural)
cocodrila (feminine)
cocodrilas (feminine plural)
crocodilo (alternative)

Hyperthetic form from Latin crocodīlus, from Ancient Greek κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos).

crocodile (predatory amphibious reptile of the family Crocodylidae)

(proscribed, informal) crocodile, alligator (crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials)


cabra

cabra f (plural cabras, masculine cabro, masculine plural cabros)

cabras (plural)
cabro (masculine)
cabros (masculine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish cabra, from Latin capra, from caper, from Proto-Indo-European *kápros.


sauce

Inherited from Old Spanish salze, inherited from Latin salicem (“willow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). Doublet of sarga. Compare Catalan salze, Italian salice, Romanian salcie.


zaino

es-adj

zaino (feminine zaina, masculine plural zainos, feminine plural zainas)

zaina (feminine)
zainos (masculine plural)
zainas (feminine plural)
zahino (alternative)
saino (alternative)
sahino (alternative)
zaíno (alternative)
zahíno (alternative)
saíno (alternative)
sahíno (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic سَاحِم (sāḥim, “blackened”).

bor+

—¿Qué tal los toros?—les preguntó un cochero al cruzar a nuestro lado. —¡Finos, finos! Hay uno negro, zaino, de mucho cuidado.

1889, Armando Palacio Valdés, La hermana San Sulpicio:

(of horses or cattle) chestnut (of a dark, reddish-brown color)


pera

→ Jicarilla: béela

Inherited from Old Spanish pera, from Vulgar Latin *pira, from the plural of Latin pirum, reanalyzed as a feminine singular.


elefante

es-noun

elefante m (plural elefantes, feminine elefanta, feminine plural elefantas)

elefantes (plural)
elefanta (feminine)
elefantas (feminine plural)

→ Basque: elefante

→ Chol: elefanti

→ Cebuano: elepante

→ Hiligaynon: elepante

→ Quechua: ilijanti

→ Tagalog: elepante

→ Waray-Waray: elepante

From various Old Spanish forms like elifant, alefant and eleofant, all ultimately from Latin elephantis, from Ancient Greek ἐλέφας (eléphas).


oca

Inherited from Late Latin auca (“goose”), syncope of *avica, from Latin avis (“bird”).

inh+

(chiefly Spain) goose, especially of the domestic European variety and with a white or grey plumage


oca

→ English: oca


lobo

es-noun

lobo m (plural lobos, feminine loba, feminine plural lobas)

lobos (plural)
loba (feminine)
lobas (feminine plural)

desc

→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover

→ Tagalog: lobo

→ Estado de México Otomi: lobo

Inherited from Latin lupus, which was borrowed from an Oscan-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Doublet of lupus and Lope, the former a learned borrowing from Latin, the latter a proper name borrowed via Basque. Romance cognates include French loup, Italian lupo, Galician and Portuguese lobo, Romanian lup.


flamenco

es-noun

flamenco m (plural flamencos, feminine flamenca, feminine plural flamencas)

flamencos (plural)
flamenca (feminine)
flamencas (feminine plural)


flamenco

Flemish (the standard variety of Dutch used in Belgium)

Flemish (a group of Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium)


caviar

Borrowed from French caviar, from Italian caviaro or Ottoman Turkish خاویار (havyar), from Persian خاویار (xâvyâr).

(Peru) a leftist, specifically one coming from a wealthy background


cacao

→ Albanian: kakao

→ Aromanian: cacauã

→ Bikol Central: kakaw

→ Catalan: cacau

→ Cebuano: kakaw

→ Czech: kakao

→ Danish: kakao

→ Dutch: cacao (see there for further descendants)

→ English: cacao, cocoa

→ Estonian: kakao

→ Finnish: kaakao

→ French: cacao

→ German: Kakao

→ Greek: κακάο (kakáo)

→ Icelandic: kakó

→ Indonesian: kakao

→ Latvian: kakao

→ Limburgish: keków

→ Lingala: kaukau

→ Lower Sorbian: kakaw, kakawa

→ Polish: kakao

→ Portuguese: cacau
→ Nheengatu: kakáu

→ Romagnol: cacào

→ Romanian: cacao

→ Slovak: kakao

→ Swedish: kakao

→ Tagalog: kakaw

→ Tongan: koko

→ Turkish: kakao

→ Uzbek: kakao

→ Vietnamese: cacao

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl (“cacao bean”). Doublet of cocoa.


canguro

es-noun

canguro m or f by sense (plural canguros)

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: canguro

Borrowed from English kanguroo, variant of kangaroo, from Guugu Yimidhirr gangurru.

hacer de canguro

ya podía hacerles de canguro.


fresa

Borrowed from French fraise (“strawberry”).


fresa

Possibly from French fraise (“milling cutter”), or from the verb fresar, from Vulgar Latin *frēsāre, from frēsum, perfect passive participle of Latin frendō (“to grind”).


moral

es-adj

moral m or f (masculine and feminine plural morales)

moral (conforming to a standard of right behaviour)


pulga

es-noun

pulga f (plural pulgas, diminutive pulguita)

Inherited from Old Spanish pulga, from Vulgar Latin *pūlica, from Latin pūlex (whence English puce), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plúsis.

cada quien tiene su manera de matar pulgas

flea (a small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities)


gato

gato m (plural gatos, feminine gata, feminine plural gatas)

gatos (plural)
gata (feminine)
gatas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Late Latin cattus (compare Catalan gat, French chat, Italian gatto, Portuguese gato). See cat for more.

cuando el gato no está los ratones están de fiesta


gato

(Costa Rica) rectangular cake made of two layers joined by jam in the middle


ala

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.


albatros

Borrowed from English albatross, from Spanish and Portuguese alcatraz.


mono

mono m (plural monos, feminine mona, feminine plural monas)

monos (plural)
mona (feminine)
monas (feminine plural)

Haplographically from maimón (“monkey”), from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn, “baboon, mandrill”). Compare English monkey.

der

estar con el mono


aire

From zorá (“drunken”), named by a zoologist after the shivering movements by the animal's head.


mona

es-noun

mona f (plural monas, masculine mono, masculine plural monos)

monas (plural)
mono (masculine)
monos (masculine plural)

→ English: mona

→ Italian: mona

From mono (“monkey”). Compare English monkey.

aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda


tora

(Honduras, Nicaragua) leatherback (species of sea turtle)


hormiga

→ Cebuano: holmigas, lamigas

→ Waray-Waray: haromigas

Inherited from Old Spanish formiga, from Latin formīca, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *morwi-.


ave

Inherited from Old Spanish ave, from Latin avem, from Proto-Italic *awis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis.


corno

Borrowed from Latin cornū. Doublet of cuerno.


cica

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύϊξ (kúïx, “name of a certain bulbous plant”), according to the RAE.


marsupial

es-adj

marsupial m or f (masculine and feminine plural marsupiales)

Borrowed from New Latin marsūpiālis, from Latin marsūpium "pouch", from Ancient Greek μαρσίππιον (marsíppion). More at marsupio.


bulldog

Unadapted borrowing from English bulldog.


langosta

langostas (plural)
lagosta (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish langosta, from Vulgar Latin lacusta, from Latin locusta.


chinchilla

[t͡ʃĩnʲˈt͡ʃi.ʝa]

[t͡ʃĩnʲˈt͡ʃi.ʝa]

[t͡ʃĩnʲˈt͡ʃi.ʎa]

[t͡ʃĩnʲˈt͡ʃi.ʃa]

[t͡ʃĩnʲˈt͡ʃi.ʒa]


nutria

→ Belarusian: нутрыя (nutryja)

→ Czech: nutrie

desctree

→ English: nutria
→ Danish: nutria
→ Japanese: ヌートリア (nūtoria)
→ Korean: 뉴트리아 (nyuteuria)

→ Finnish: nutria

→ German: Nutria

→ Italian: nutria

→ Lithuanian: nutrija

→ Macedonian: нутрија (nutrija)

→ Polish: nutria

→ Portuguese: nútria

→ Russian: нутрия (nutrija)

→ Slovak: nutria

→ Ukrainian: нутрія (nutrija)

From Vulgar Latin *nutria or *lutria / *lutrea, from Latin lutra. The Spanish word, preserving the -t-, may have arrived through the intermediate of either Mozarabic or more likely a Southern Italian language or dialect: cf. Salerno dialect (of Neapolitan) nùtria, Calabrian ùtria and lùtria, utre in Basilicata, etc. The Vulgar Latin form was likely influenced by Ancient Greek ἔνυδρις (énudris). Compare also Catalan llúdria, Portuguese lontra.


paca

es-noun

paca f (plural pacas, masculine paco, masculine plural pacos)

pacas (plural)
paco (masculine)
pacos (masculine plural)

(chiefly Rioplatense and Paraguay) paca (rodent of the genus Cuniculus)


lima

From Andalusian Arabic لِيمَة (līma), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn, “lemon, lime”).


cerdo

cerdo m (plural cerdos, feminine cerda, feminine plural cerdas)

cerdos (plural)
cerda (feminine)
cerdas (feminine plural)


jalapeño

jalapeño m (plural jalapeños, feminine jalapeña, feminine plural jalapeñas)

jalapeños (plural)
jalapeña (feminine)
jalapeñas (feminine plural)
xalapeño (alternative)

desc

→ English: jalapeño, jalapeno (more common in the UK)

→ Esperanto: ĥalapenjo

→ Hijazi Arabic: هلپينيو (halapēnyu, halapīnyu), هلبينيو (halabīnyu, halabēnyu)

→ Japanese: ハラペーニョ (harapēnyo)

→ Korean: 할라페뇨 (hallapenyo)

→ Portuguese: jalapenho


col

→ Taos: kùliʼína

Inherited from Latin caulem (“stalk, stem”), from Ancient Greek καυλός (kaulós, “stem of a plant”). Cognate with English cole and chou.


tala

tala (Celtis tala, a South American tree)


loro

es-noun

loro m (plural loros, feminine lora, feminine plural loras)

loros (plural)
lora (feminine)
loras (feminine plural)

Los loros atienden / Repiten y aprenden / Los cuervos observan / Y nunca se acercan

c. 1981, “Yo No”, performed by Parálisis Permanente:


ñandú

→ Catalan: nyandú

Borrowed from Guaraní ñandu guasu (literally “big spider”), perhaps by the similarity between the hair of the rhea and that of hairy spiders of the Amazon Basin.


saltamontes

Verb-object compound, composed of salta (“to jump”) + montes (“mountains, hills”).


serpiente

Inherited from Latin serpentem, derived from serpere (“slither, creep”), from Proto-Indo-European *serp-. Doublet of sierpe. Cognate with English serpent.

snake, serpent (legless reptile of the sub-order Serpentes)


alcatraz

→ Arabic: قَطْرَس (qaṭras, “albatross”)

Borrowed from Arabic الْغَطَّاس (al-ḡaṭṭās, “the diver”).


alcatraz

alcatraces (plural)
alcartaz (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic الْقِرْطَاس (al-qirṭās, “the papyrus”).


limón

→ Jakaltek: lemniẍ

→ Seri: ḻimoon

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alemu

→ Ye'kwana: dimuni

Borrowed from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) via Andalusian Arabic, from Persian لیمو (limu), لیمون (limun), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū).


puro

→ English: puro

→ Greek: πούρο (poúro)

→ Turkish: puro

Inherited from Old Spanish puro, from Latin pūrus. In the noun sense short for cigarro puro, a product to be smoked that is made – unlike the cigarette – of “tabaco puro, sin papel” (pure tobacco, without paper). Note that in Spanish the unqualified term cigarro can also refer to a cigarette.


corgi

Borrowed from English corgi, from Welsh corgi, a compound of cor (“dwarf”) and ci (“dog”).


agave

Borrowed from translingual Agave, from Ancient Greek Ἀγαυή (Agauḗ), name of one of the daughters of Cadmus, from ἀγαυός (agauós, “noble, illustrious”).


balsa

→ English: balsa
→ Irish: balsa

→ Portuguese: balsa

→ Tagalog: balsa

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably Basque [Term?] or Iberian [Term?].


bonito

From Late Latin boniton, representing a specific use of bonito (“pretty”, literally “the good one”), referring to the fish's appearance; see Etymology 1 above.


coca

→ English: coca
→ Chinese: 古柯 (gǔkē)

Borrowed from Quechua koka or Aymara kuka (“coca”).

coca (any of the four cultivated plants which belong to the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America)


colza

Borrowed from French colza, from Dutch koolzaad.


junco

→ English: junco

→ Translingual: Junco

From Latin iuncus. Cognate with English junk.


sen

trigonometric function
trigonometric function#English

(mathematics) a symbol of the trigonometric function sine


tapir

→ Catalan: tapir

→ Dutch: tapir

→ Tagalog: tapir


verbena

Inherited from Old Spanish berbena, from Latin verbēna (see also Lithuanian virbas (“twig, branch, scion, rod”)). Cognate with Middle Dutch warp, Middle Low German warp, German Warf, Danish varp, Swedish varp.

verbena (Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain)


macaco

Borrowed from Portuguese macaco, possibly from a Bantu language.


bruja

es-noun

bruja f (plural brujas, masculine brujo, masculine plural brujos)

brujas (plural)
brujo (masculine)
brujos (masculine plural)

→ Cebuano: bruha

→ Tagalog: bruha

Uncertain. Possibly from Iberian/Celtiberian *bruxtia (compare Catalan bruixa, Portuguese bruxa, Occitan bruèissa), from Proto-Celtic *brixtā (“spell, magic”) (compare Old Irish bricht (“charm”), Old Breton brith (“magic”)). It could instead be akin to a different Celtic word such as Old Irish Brigit (literally “high, exalted”).

m+

owl (bird of prey of the order Strigiformes)

(Dominican Republic) northern potoo (Nyctibius jamaicensis)


iguana

desctree

→ Dutch: leguaan
Afrikaans: likkewaan
Berbice Creole Dutch: linggwana
→ German: Leguan
→ Sranan Tongo: legwana
→ Caribbean Hindustani: lagwáná

→ English: iguana

→ French: iguane

→ Galician: iguana

→ Italian: iguana

→ Japanese: イグアナ (iguana)

→ Portuguese: iguana

→ Turkish: iguana


garbanzo

garbanzos (plural)
garbanço (alternative)

→ Basque: garbantzu

→ English: garbanzo, calavance

[ɡaɾˈβ̞ãn̟.θo]

From Old Spanish garbanço. Presumably influenced by garroba (“carob fruit”) and galbana (“small pea; a variety of pea”).


trigo

→ Cahuilla: tríiwa'a

→ Cebuano: trigo

→ Central Tarahumara: turio

→ Chickasaw: tili'ko'

→ Choctaw: tiliko

→⇒ Classical Nahuatl: trigo tlaxcalli

→ Maranao: trigo

→ Masbatenyo: trigo

→ Mayo: tirijco

→ Purepecha: trigu

→ Quechua: riwu

→ Sambali: trigo

→ Tagalog: trigo

→⇒ Tagalog: triguhan

→ Tausug: tirigu (“flour”)

Inherited from Latin trīticum. Related to English triticale.

¿qué tienen que ver los cojones con comer trigo?


maíz

→ Bikol Central: mais

→ Cebuano: mais

→ Cuyunon: mais

→ Dutch: mais

→ English: maize

→ Faroese: mais

→ French: maïs

→ Hiligaynon: mais

→ German: Mais

→ Italian: mais

→ Norwegian Bokmål: mais

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: mais

→ Portuguese: maís

→ Swedish: majs

→ Tagalog: mais

→ Waray-Waray: mais


ratón

es-noun

ratón m (plural ratones, feminine ratona, feminine plural ratonas)

ratones (plural)
ratona (feminine)
ratonas (feminine plural)

From rata (“rat”) + -ón (diminutive suffix). Displaced Old Spanish mur. In its computing sense, it is a semantic loan from English mouse.


gamba

Borrowed from Italian gamba or Vulgar Latin *gambarus, from Latin gammarus, cammarus (“lobster”), from Ancient Greek κάμμαρος (kámmaros).


shiitake

shiitakes (plural)
shitake (alternative)

Borrowed from Japanese 椎茸 (しいたけ, shītake), from 椎 (しい, shī, “shii tree”) + 茸 (たけ, take, “mushroom”).

bor+

Lentinula edodes
Lentinula edodes#Translingual

shiitake (Lentinula edodes, an edible mushroom)


coco

→ English: coco

→ Middle French: coco

French: coco

From sense 2 (“skull, head”), because of the resemblance of the fruit to a grinning face.


coco

Mycteria americana
Mycteria americana#Translingual

(Dominican Republic) Wood stork (Mycteria americana)


quetzal

→ Catalan: quetzal

→ Dutch: quetzal

→ English: quetzal

→ French: quetzal

→ German: Quetzal

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl quetzalli (“quetzal feather”). The term for the quetzal bird proper was quetzaltōtōtl.


pony

ponys (plural)
poni (alternative)
póney (alternative)


halibut

Borrowed from Germanic; see English halibut.


caballo

es-noun

caballo m (plural caballos, feminine yegua, feminine plural yeguas)

caballos (plural)
yegua (feminine)
yeguas (feminine plural)

Chavacano: caballo

Papiamentu: cabai

→ Alcozauca Mixtec: kuái̱

→ Aymara: kawallu

→ Bikol Central: kabayo

→ Cahuilla: kaváayu

→ Cebuano: kabayo

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: kauayoj

→ Central Nahuatl: cahuayoh

→ Chamicuro: kawali

→ Chaná: kuayó, cauáio (uncertain)

→ Chol: cawayuʼ

desc

→ Classical Nahuatl: cahuāllo, caballo, cahualloh, cahuayo, cauallo, cavallo

→ Guaraní: kavaju

→ Ilocano: kabalio

→ Ivatan: kabayu

→ Kapampangan: kabayu

→ Lake Miwok: kawáj

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: cahua̱yoj

→ Mapudungun: kawell, kawellu

→ Maranao: kabayo

→ Mbyá Guaraní: kavaju

→ Nivaclé: cuvôyu

→ O'odham: kaviyu

→ Papantla Totonac: kawayu

→ Paraguayan Guaraní: kavaju

→ Pipil: kāwayu

→ Quechua: kawallu

→ Sayula Popoluca: cawa̱yu

→ Seri: caay

→ Tagalog: kabayo

→ Waray-Waray: kabayo

→ Yatzachi Zapotec: cabey

→ Yosondúa Mixtec: kuayu

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: cabayw

Inherited from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of disputed origin. Compare Portuguese cavalo.

inh+

a caballo regalado no le mires el diente

Un yonqui, de espaldas a la cámara, hace unas declaraciones: ahora, el que tiene billetes, se mete coca, o, si toma caballo, se lo mete con plata, lo fuma, ¿sabes?

1994, José Ángel Mañas, chapter IX, in Historias del Kronen, Barcelona: Ediciones Destino, →ISBN, page 132:


lemming

From Danish and Norwegian lemming, from Old Norse lómundr, læmingi, læmingr (“lemming”), perhaps from Sami luomek.


burrito

→ Belizean Creole: boreeto

→ English: burrito

→ German: Burrito


mangle

(botany) A mangrove, any of various plants of the genus Rhizophora


maga

History of Puerto Rico#European powers fight over the island

Attested since Europeans began to encroach on Puerto Rico, a local Taíno formation one would believe.

Thespesia grandiflora, a tree native to Puerto Rico also planted elsewhere for its fairness and the working properties of its wood


baobab

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bahobab, from Arabic أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”), from أَبُو (ʔabū, “father”) + حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”).

bor

أَبُو حِبَاب


aura

the turkey vulture and related species in the genus Cathartes, carrion-eating birds native to the Americas


chipotle

From a compound of Classical Nahuatl chīlli (“pepper”) + pōctli (“smoke”).


margarita

→ Tagalog: margarita

From Latin margarīta, from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs).


margarita

→ English: margarita

→ Italian: margarita


puma

→ Bulgarian: пума (puma)

→ Catalan: puma

→ Danish: puma

desctree

→ English: puma
→ Malay: puma
→ Swedish: puma

→ Estonian: puuma

→ French: puma
→ Romanian: puma

→ German: Puma
→? Czech: puma
→ Faroese: puma
→ Finnish: puuma
→ Hungarian: puma
→? Swedish: puma

→ Greek: πούμα (poúma)

→ Icelandic: púma

→ Irish: púma

→ Italian: puma

→ Macedonian: пума (puma)

→ Norwegian: puma

→ Polish: puma

→ Portuguese: puma

→ Russian: пу́ма (púma)

→ Serbo-Croatian: pȕma / пу̏ма

→ Sicilian: puma

→ Slovak: puma

→ Slovene: púma

→ Swedish: puma

→ Translingual: Puma (see there for further descendants)

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

cougar, mountain lion, puma (Puma concolor)


orca

es-noun

orca f (plural orcas, masculine orco, masculine plural orcos)

orcas (plural)
orco (masculine)
orcos (masculine plural)


pita

→ Catalan: pita

→ English: pita

Unknown, possibly misheard from an original American Indian name.

Agave americana
Agave americana#Translingual


chayote

→ Bikol Central: sayote

→ Catalan: xaiot

→ Cebuano: sayote

→ English: chayote

→ Tagalog: sayote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.


peyote

→ Catalan: peiot

→ English: peyote


cedro

Borrowed from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros).


zorro

es-noun

zorro m (plural zorros, feminine zorra, feminine plural zorras)

zorros (plural)
zorra (feminine)
zorras (feminine plural)

First attested in the 15th century, chiefly in the feminine form zorra. Of unclear origin:
* perhaps from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia. If so, it may be related to Spanish perro,
* perhaps from Middle French sor (“yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, sorrel”), or
* perhaps from Basque azeri (“fox”).
* A fourth suggestion, that the term derives from a verb *zorrar from onomatopoeia, is considered "far from convincing" and "unprovable".

der

(by extension, figuratively) fox (sly or cunning person)


armadillo

From armado (“armored”) + -illo (“diminutive”), i.e. "little armored one".


cascabel

→ English: cascabel

→ French: cascabelle

From Old Occitan cascavel, from Vulgar Latin cascābellus (“small bell”), diminutive of cascābus, from Latin cāccabus.
Influenced by Latin quassicāre, based on Latin quassāre (“to shake repeatedly, to quake”), because when the chili is being prepared, the seeds make a rattling noise when the pepper is dried.


boga

Inherited from Late Latin bōca, from Ancient Greek βῶκα (bôka), accusative of βῶξ (bôx), a contracted form of βόαξ (bóax), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”).

any of species Leporinus obtusidens of ray-finned fish (characin)


angula

Borrowed from Basque angula, from Latin anguilla. Doublet of anguila.


vintage

es-adj

vintage m or f (masculine and feminine plural vintages)

Borrowed from English vintage. Doublet of vendimia.


dinosaurio

Borrowed from New Latin dīnosaurus, from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “terrible, awesome”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard”).


guapo

Ultimately from Latin vappa (“flat wine; figuratively, worthless person”), probably not directly but through the intermediate of dialectal Old French wape, gape, gouape, which has also received influence from Proto-Germanic *hwapjaną (“to breathe, air out, let go to waste, become sour”). At one point meant "rascal" or "ruffian" and evolved in meaning over time.


periquito

es-adj

periquito (feminine periquita, masculine plural periquitos, feminine plural periquitas)

periquita (feminine)
periquitos (masculine plural)
periquitas (feminine plural)

(soccer) a person connected with RCD Espanyol, as a player, fan, coach, etc.


zanahoria

→ Mezquital Otomi: sanoria

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: sanaúria

→ Quechua: sanawrya

Metathesis of Andalusian Arabic *سَفُنَّارْيَة (*safunnārya), from Arabic إِسْفَنَارِيَّة (ʔisfanāriyya) (compare Libyan Arabic: سفنّاريّة (sfənnāriyya)), from Ancient Greek σταφυλίνη ἀγρία (staphulínē agría). Cognate to Catalan safanòria, Galician cenoria, Portuguese cenoura.

der

*سَفُنَّارْيَة

إِسْفَنَارِيَّة

σταφυλίνη ἀγρία


zancuda

[θãŋˈku.ð̞a]


zancudo

→ Mezquital Otomi: sankudu

→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: sancudo

→ Papiamentu: sangura

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: sancuro

[θãŋˈku.ð̞o]

Cuando la lluvia cesó, emperazon a llegar las nubes de zancudos que habían crecido en los charcos de las lluvias de los días anteriores. Desesperados por la sangre empezaron a picar y picar. Con mis manos pequeñas los corría. Logré matar algunos pero al reventar los zancudos dejaban mancha de sangre y por el mismo olor llegaban más y más zancudos.

When the rain stopped, the clouds of mosquitos that had grown in the rain puddles of previous days began to arrive. Desperate for blood, they began to bite and bite. With my small hands I waved them away. I managed to kill some, but bursting mosquitos left a bloodstain, and by the same smell, more and more mosquitos arrived.


zarcillo

zarcillos (plural)
çarcillo (alternative)

From earlier cercillo, from Old Spanish cerciello, inherited from Latin circellus.

Larosterna inca
Larosterna inca#Translingual


zarigüeya

From Brazilian Portuguese çarigueia, from Old Tupi sariwé, sarigwé.

Las zarigüeyas son el marsupial más extendido del continente americano.

Opossums are the most widespread marsupial of the Americas.


zarza

Inherited from Old Spanish sarza, itself from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, possibly Old Basque çarci (modern sasi). Alternatively, from Arabic شِرْس (širs, “shrub with thorns”), from the root ش ر س (š r s) related to “harshness”, “wildness”, “ill-nature”.

ar-root

ش ر س (š r s)

Cuando Jesucristo y San Pedro andaban por el mundo, no siempre encontraban almas caritativas que los socorriesen, y en muchas ocasiones tuvieron que buscarse el sustento con el sudor de sus frentes. Una de estas veces, en que al Santo le tocó echar el quilo y arañarse cruelmente las manos por recoger un puñado de trigo que unos arrieros habían dejado caer entre las zarzas del camino, el pobre viejo se encaró con su maestro y le dijo […]

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 333:


zarzamora

From zarza (“blackberry”) + mora (“mulberry”).


zumaque

From Andalusian Arabic and Arabic سُمَّاق (summāq), from Aramaic and Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”).


zorzal

Inherited from Old Spanish [Term?], from Andalusian Arabic زورزال (zurzál), from Classical Arabic زُرْزُور (zurzūr, “thrush”).


zorrillo

es-noun

zorrillo m (plural zorrillos, feminine zorrilla, feminine plural zorrillas)

zorrillos (plural)
zorrilla (feminine)
zorrillas (feminine plural)

→ Brazilian Portuguese: zorrilho

(derogatory, colloquial) a bad-smelling person


zopilote

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tzopīlōtl.


yedra

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ð̞ɾa]


paloma

es-noun

paloma f (plural palomas, masculine palomo, masculine plural palomos)

palomas (plural)
palomo (masculine)
palomos (masculine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish paloma, from Vulgar Latin palumba, from Latin palumbus, palumbēs (“wood pigeon”).


pájaro

Inherited from Old Spanish páxaro, pássaro, from Vulgar Latin *passarum, alteration of Latin passer (“sparrow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)t-tro- (“who flies, bird”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Compare Portuguese pássaro. A distant cognate of peña.

inh

más vale pájaro en mano que ciento volando

no hay pájaros en los nidos de ayer

youth passes quickly; there are no birds in the nests of yesterday

(colloquial, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela) penis

(colloquial, Spain) person of questionable or shady character, or involved in dubious affairs


yegua

es-noun

yegua f (plural yeguas, masculine caballo, masculine plural caballos)

yeguas (plural)
caballo (masculine)
caballos (masculine plural)

→ Jakaltek: yewaẍ

→ Oluta Popoluca: ye̱wa

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: yehualama

→ Tagalog: yegwa

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ɣ̞wa]

[ˈɟ͡ʝe.ɣ̞wa]

Inherited from Old Spanish yegua, from Latin equa, feminine form of equus (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”).

the letter Y in the Spanish spelling alphabet


yema

→ Cebuano: yema

→ Tagalog: yema

Inherited from Old Spanish yema, inherited from Latin gemma. Doublet of gema.

Le quité las yemas a los huevos antes de mezclarlos en el guacamole.

I removed the yolk from the eggs before mixing them in the guac.


yuca

es-adj

yuca m or f (masculine and feminine plural yuca or yucas)

yuca (feminine masculine plural)
yucas (feminine masculine plural)

→ Bulgarian: ю́ка (júka)

Ella está pasando por un problema muy yuca justo ahora.

She's going through a very difficult problem right now.

(El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru) difficult, hard, often serious.

La maestra suele ser bien yuca con sus clases.

The teacher tends to be very strict with her classes.

(El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) strict, severe in discipline.


wapití

wapitís (plural)
wapitíes (plural)
uapití (alternative)

Borrowed from French wapiti, from English wapiti, from Shawnee waapiti (“elk; white rump”).


urraca

onomatopoeic

imitative

magpie (also called: common magpie, European magpie, Eurasian magpie) (Pica pica)


ualabí

ualabís (plural)
ualabíes (plural)
walabí (alternative)

Borrowed from English wallaby, from Dharug wollabi.


ubre

Inherited from Latin ūber, from Proto-Italic *ouðer, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”).


cuarto

→ Tagalog: kuwarto

From Latin quartus. Doublet of cuarta. The sense of room is after a common division of houses (4 or 5 sections). As a unit of English measure, calque of English quart. Compare English quarter.

fourth, quarter (one of four equal divisions of a whole)

(historical) cuarto, quarter-sack (a traditional unit of dry measure equal to ¹⁄₄ saco, equivalent to about 27.8 L)

(genealogy) line, lineage (any of the four main lines of ancestry through one's various grandparents)


cabalgar

es-verb

cabalgar (first-person singular present cabalgo, first-person singular preterite cabalgué, past participle cabalgado)

cabalgo (first-person present singular)
cabalgué (first-person preterite singular)
cabalgado (participle past)
cabalgar (infinitive)
cabalgando (gerund)
cabalgado (masculine participle past singular)
cabalgada (feminine participle past singular)
cabalgados (masculine participle past plural)
cabalgadas (feminine participle past plural)
cabalgo (first-person indicative present singular)
cabalgas (indicative informal present second-person singular)
cabalgás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
cabalga (indicative present singular third-person)
cabalgamos (first-person indicative plural present)
cabalgáis (indicative plural present second-person)
cabalgan (indicative plural present third-person)
cabalgaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
cabalgabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
cabalgaba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
cabalgábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
cabalgabais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
cabalgaban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
cabalgué (first-person indicative preterite singular)
cabalgaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
cabalgó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
cabalgamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
cabalgasteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
cabalgaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
cabalgaré (first-person future indicative singular)
cabalgarás (future indicative second-person singular)
cabalgará (future indicative singular third-person)
cabalgaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
cabalgaréis (future indicative plural second-person)
cabalgarán (future indicative plural third-person)
cabalgaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
cabalgarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
cabalgaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
cabalgaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
cabalgaríais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
cabalgarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
cabalgue (first-person present singular subjunctive)
cabalgues (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
cabalgués (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
cabalgue (present singular subjunctive third-person)
cabalguemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
cabalguéis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
cabalguen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
cabalgara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
cabalgaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
cabalgara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
cabalgáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
cabalgarais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
cabalgaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
cabalgase (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
cabalgases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
cabalgase (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
cabalgásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
cabalgaseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
cabalgasen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
cabalgare (first-person future singular subjunctive)
cabalgares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
cabalgare (future singular subjunctive third-person)
cabalgáremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
cabalgareis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
cabalgaren (future plural subjunctive third-person)
cabalga (imperative informal second-person singular)
cabalgá (imperative informal second-person singular vos-form)
cabalgue (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
cabalgue (imperative singular third-person)
cabalguemos (first-person imperative plural)
cabalgad (imperative plural second-person)
cabalguen (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
cabalguen (imperative plural third-person)
cabalgues (imperative negative second-person singular)
cabalgue (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
cabalgue (imperative negative singular third-person)
cabalguemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
cabalguéis (imperative negative plural second-person)
cabalguen (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
cabalguen (imperative negative plural third-person)
cabalgarme (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
cabalgarte (combined-form dative infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
cabalgarle (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgarse (combined-form dative infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgarnos (combined-form dative infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
cabalgaros (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
cabalgarles (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgarse (combined-form dative infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgarme (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-singular)
cabalgarte (accusative combined-form infinitive object-second-person object-singular)
cabalgarlo (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgarla (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgarse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgarnos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-first-person object-plural)
cabalgaros (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-second-person)
cabalgarlos (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgarlas (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgarse (accusative combined-form infinitive object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgándome (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-singular)
cabalgándote (combined-form dative gerund object-second-person object-singular)
cabalgándole (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgándose (combined-form dative gerund object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgándonos (combined-form dative gerund object-first-person object-plural)
cabalgándoos (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-second-person)
cabalgándoles (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgándose (combined-form dative gerund object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgándome (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-singular)
cabalgándote (accusative combined-form gerund object-second-person object-singular)
cabalgándolo (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgándola (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-singular object-third-person)
cabalgándonos (accusative combined-form gerund object-first-person object-plural)
cabalgándoos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-second-person)
cabalgándolos (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgándolas (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
cabalgándose (accusative combined-form gerund object-plural object-third-person)
cabálgame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabálganos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabálganos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabálgalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-tú)
cabalgame (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgate (combined-form dative imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgale (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabalganos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgales (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgame (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgate (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-second-person object-singular second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgalo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgala (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabalganos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgalos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabalgalas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person second-person singular with-vos)
cabálgueme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
cabálguele (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguese (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguenos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
cabálgueles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálgueme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular second-person singular)
cabálguelo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguela (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguese (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguenos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural second-person singular)
cabálguelos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
cabálguelas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person second-person singular)
cabalguémoste (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
cabalguémosle (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
cabalguémonos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
cabalguémoos (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
cabalguémosles (combined-form dative first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
cabalguémoste (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-second-person object-singular plural)
cabalguémoslo (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
cabalguémosla (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-singular object-third-person plural)
cabalguémonos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-first-person object-plural plural)
cabalguémoos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-second-person plural)
cabalguémoslos (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
cabalguémoslas (accusative combined-form first-person imperative object-plural object-third-person plural)
cabalgadme (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
cabalgadle (combined-form dative imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabalgadnos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
cabalgaos (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
cabalgadles (combined-form dative imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabalgadme (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
cabalgadlo (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabalgadla (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabalgadnos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
cabalgaos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-second-person plural second-person)
cabalgadlos (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabalgadlas (accusative combined-form imperative informal object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguenme (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
cabálguenle (combined-form dative formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguennos (combined-form dative formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
cabálguenles (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguense (combined-form dative formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguenme (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-singular plural second-person)
cabálguenlo (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguenla (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-singular object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguennos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-first-person object-plural plural second-person)
cabálguenlos (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguenlas (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)
cabálguense (accusative combined-form formal imperative object-plural object-third-person plural second-person)

Inherited from Late Latin caballicāre, from Latin caballus.

Pedro corrió por los cerros y cabalgó un caballo desconocido.

1952, Hernán del Solar, La noche de enfrente:

Pedro ran through the hills and mounted an unknown horse.

(intransitive) to mount an animal, especially a horse

Cabalgaron un día entero sin apearse y de noche seguían cabalgando.

2005, Pilar Cibreiro, El dueño del trigo, Caballo De Troya, →ISBN, page 133:

They rode one whole day without dismounting, and at night they kept riding.

(intransitive) to ride an animal, especially a horse


cabalgata

As with many of the cabal- words, cabalgata is derived from Latin caballus (“horse”).


bromo

Borrowed from French brome (“bromine”), from Ancient Greek βρῶμος (brômos, “stench, stink”), for its noisome smell.


bromo

From the genus name Bromus, from Ancient Greek βρόμος (brómos, “oats”).


mata

Perhaps from Late Latin matta (“floormat, doormat”).

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

(Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic) plant (organism of the kingdom Plantae)


becerro

es-noun

becerro m (plural becerros, feminine becerra, feminine plural becerras)

becerros (plural)
becerra (feminine)
becerras (feminine plural)

→ Oluta Popoluca: pise̱ru

→ San Miguel el Grande Mixtec: chelu

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: bheseer

→ Tagalog: bisiro

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: pesiero

→ Yosondúa Mixtec: chelu

Inherited from Old Spanish bezerro (“calf”), of uncertain ultimate origin, possibly from Basque or Iberian *ibicirru.


ternero

es-noun

ternero m (plural terneros, feminine ternera, feminine plural terneras)

terneros (plural)
ternera (feminine)
terneras (feminine plural)


vacuno

es-adj

vacuno (feminine vacuna, masculine plural vacunos, feminine plural vacunas)

vacuna (feminine)
vacunos (masculine plural)
vacunas (feminine plural)


ñame

Probably from Wolof ñàmbi (“cassava”) or a related word. Compare Portuguese inhame.


caballar

caballar m or f (masculine and feminine plural caballares)

Un evento caballar.


equino

equino (feminine equina, masculine plural equinos, feminine plural equinas)

equina (feminine)
equinos (masculine plural)
equinas (feminine plural)

Los establos equinos


equino

From Latin echīnus, from Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos).


caballa

→ Moroccan Arabic: كبايلا (kabāyla)

Inherited from Latin caballa, the feminine form of caballus (“horse”).


gallina

es-noun

gallina f (plural gallinas, masculine gallo, masculine plural gallos)

gallinas (plural)
gallo (masculine)
gallos (masculine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Latin gallīna.

¡Ya pues, no te asomes! Queda claro que eres bien gallina...

2022, Pedro Arizpe, Puerto Jerez (webcomic):

Okay, fine! Don't look outside. It's clear you're a big chicken...


sábalo

From Gaulish *sabŏlos, from Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”).


sabandija

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *sevandīlia, possibly of Basque origin. Compare Portuguese sevandija.

La Bruja echa a hervir en una caldera llena de agua, un sapo, una lagartija y murciélago, sabandijas que generalmente se encarga de llevarle el cliente, previendo la posibilidad de que a la hechicera se le haya agotado la provisión.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 13:

The Witch throws into a cauldron of water to boil: a toad, a lizard and a bat, sarabandijas which the client generally takes it upon themself to bring, in case the sorcerer has run out of stock.


sabueso

Inherited from Vulgar Latin segusius (compare Portuguese sabujo, Italian segugio), from a Celtic language, from Proto-Celtic *segu (“to follow”) (compare Irish seach).


jabalí

jabalí m (plural jabalís or jabalíes, feminine jabalina, feminine plural jabalinas)

jabalís (plural)
jabalíes (plural)
jabalina (feminine)
jabalinas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Arabic جَبَلِيّ (jabaliyy, “of the mountains”), from جَبَل (jabal, “mountain”).


jacinto

→ Tagalog: hasinto

Borrowed from Latin hyacinthus, from Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos).


jaiba

(Dominican Republic) a crab of the species Epilobocera haytensis


jamelgo

es-noun

jamelgo m (plural jamelgos, feminine jamelga, feminine plural jamelgas)

jamelgos (plural)
jamelga (feminine)
jamelgas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin famēlicus (“hungry, famished”). Doublet of famélico.

inh+

a skinny horse, typically one with poor temperament; a nag


jazmín

→ German: Jasmin

Etymology tree
Middle Persian yʾsmn'
Classical Persian یَاسَمِین (yāsamīn)bor.
Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn)bor.
Spanish jazmín
Borrowed from Arabic يَاسَمِين (yāsamīn), via Andalusian Arabic.


jengibre

→ Basque: jengibre

Inherited from Old Spanish gengibre, from Old Occitan gengibre, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberī.


jícama

→ Cebuano: singkamas

→ English: jicama

→ Tagalog: singkamas

→ Yogad: singkamas

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xīcama, apocopic form of xīcamatl.


jícara

→ Catalan: xicra

→ Sardinian: cìcara

→ English: jicara

→ Portuguese: xícara

→ Sicilian: cìcara

→ Venetan: cìcara

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xīcalli.

a small faience container used to serve hot chocolate or other hot beverages

Crescentia cujete
Crescentia cujete#Translingual

(Latin America) a small, woody container, typically made from the fruit of the calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) or Mexican calabash (Crescentia alata) and used (especially in rural Mexico) to serve hot food in order to preserve its temperature

(Mexico, US, Central America, Philippines) calabash

(Spain) Part, or square, of a flat chocolate bar, which can be broken off easily (especially in Andalusia and Murcia)


jilguero

From silguero, from Latin sily̆bum, from Ancient Greek σίλυβον (sílubon, “thistle”).

der

Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis carduelis#Translingual

European goldfinch, Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)


jinete

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic زَنَاتِي (zanáti), the Zenati or Zenata Berbers, known as excellent horse breeders.


jinetear

es-verb

jinetear (first-person singular present jineteo, first-person singular preterite jineteé, past participle jineteado)

jineteo (first-person present singular)
jineteé (first-person preterite singular)
jineteado (participle past)
jinetear (infinitive)
jineteando (gerund)
jineteado (masculine participle past singular)
jineteada (feminine participle past singular)
jineteados (masculine participle past plural)
jineteadas (feminine participle past plural)
jineteo (first-person indicative present singular)
jineteas (indicative informal present second-person singular)
jineteás (indicative informal present second-person singular vos-form)
jinetea (indicative present singular third-person)
jineteamos (first-person indicative plural present)
jineteáis (indicative plural present second-person)
jinetean (indicative plural present third-person)
jineteaba (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
jineteabas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
jineteaba (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
jineteábamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
jineteabais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
jineteaban (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
jineteé (first-person indicative preterite singular)
jineteaste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
jineteó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
jineteamos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
jineteasteis (indicative plural preterite second-person)
jinetearon (indicative plural preterite third-person)
jinetearé (first-person future indicative singular)
jinetearás (future indicative second-person singular)
jineteará (future indicative singular third-person)
jinetearemos (first-person future indicative plural)
jinetearéis (future indicative plural second-person)
jinetearán (future indicative plural third-person)
jinetearía (conditional first-person indicative singular)
jinetearías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
jinetearía (conditional indicative singular third-person)
jinetearíamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
jinetearíais (conditional indicative plural second-person)
jinetearían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
jinetee (first-person present singular subjunctive)
jinetees (informal present second-person singular subjunctive)
jineteés (informal present second-person singular subjunctive vos-form)
jinetee (present singular subjunctive third-person)
jineteemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
jineteéis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
jineteen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
jineteara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
jinetearas (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
jineteara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
jineteáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
jinetearais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
jinetearan (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
jinetease (first-person imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive)
jineteases (imperfect imperfect-se second-person singular subjunctive)
jinetease (imperfect imperfect-se singular subjunctive third-person)
jineteásemos (first-person imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive)
jineteaseis (imperfect imperfect-se plural second-person subjunctive)
jineteasen (imperfect imperfect-se plural subjunctive third-person)
jineteare (first-person future singular subjunctive)
jineteares (future second-person singular subjunctive)
jineteare (future singular subjunctive third-person)
jineteáremos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
jineteareis (future plural second-person subjunctive)
jinetearen (future plural subjunctive third-person)
jinetea (imperative informal second-person singular)
jineteá (imperative informal second-person singular vos-form)
jinetee (formal imperative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
jinetee (imperative singular third-person)
jineteemos (first-person imperative plural)
jinetead (imperative plural second-person)
jineteen (formal imperative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
jineteen (imperative plural third-person)
jinetees (imperative negative second-person singular)
jinetee (formal imperative negative second-person-semantically singular third-person)
jinetee (imperative negative singular third-person)
jineteemos (first-person imperative negative plural)
jineteéis (imperative negative plural second-person)
jineteen (formal imperative negative plural second-person-semantically third-person)
jineteen (imperative negative plural third-person)


jirafa

→ Basque: jirafa

→ Central Huasteca Nahuatl: jirafa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Italian giraffabor.
Spanish jirafa
Borrowed from Italian giraffa, from Arabic زَرَافَة (zarāfa). Compare the obsolete doublet azorafa


jitomate

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl xitomātl, from xictli (“navel”) + tomātl (“tomato”).


judía

Perhaps from Latin Latin iūdaea, feminine of iūdaeus.


judío

es-noun

judío m (plural judíos, feminine judía, feminine plural judías)

judíos (plural)
judía (feminine)
judías (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin iūdaeus, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Hebrew יהודי (Yehudi).

Crotophaga ani
Crotophaga ani#Translingual

(Dominican Republic, Cuba, Puerto Rico) smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani)


juncia

Borrowed from Latin iuncea, feminine form of iunceus.


junquillo

→ Catalan: jonquillo

desctree

→ French: jonquille
→ English: jonquil
→ German: Jonquille

→ Italian: giunchiglia

→ Portuguese: junquilho


cas

Named by indigenous peoples in Costa Rica (Chibchan).

the tree that bears those fruits, Psidium friedrichsthalianum


quebracho

English: quebracho

Italian: quebracho

Portuguese: quebracho

Verb-object compound, composed of quebra (“to break”) + hacha (“axe”), with the suffix changed to -o.


muñeco

es-noun

muñeco m (plural muñecos, feminine muñeca, feminine plural muñecas)

muñecos (plural)
muñeca (feminine)
muñecas (feminine plural)

any of various South American trees of the genus Cordia, such as Cordia borinquena or Cordia collococca.


quingombó

quingombós (plural)
quimbombó (alternative)
guingambó (alternative)

Borrowed from Portuguese quingombó, from Kimbundu kingombo.

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


amate

→ English: amate

Borrowed from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl āmatl.

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
(Guerrero) Ficus obtusifolia

(Oaxaca) petiolate fig (Ficus petiolaris)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
petiolate fig (Ficus petiolaris)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
(Chiapas, Tabasco) Ficus segoviae

(Oaxaca) Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea)

fig tree (Ficus sp.)
Florida strangler fig (Ficus aurea)


morena

from Latin muraena (“sea eel, lamprey”), from Ancient Greek σμυραινα (smuraina), from σμυρος (smuros, “sea eel”).


chile

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl chīlli (“pepper”).

bor+

(Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Philippines, US) a chili pepper


milano

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *milānus, from milvinus, from Latin milvus.


hilo

→ Cebuano: hilo

→ Kapampangan: hilo

From Old Spanish filo, from Latin fīlum. Doublet of filo. Although both were inherited, it is not fully certain why the two diverged and why filo, preserving the initial -f- from Old Spanish, took on the sense of “edge”, while hilo maintained that of “string, thread” (in line with the original Latin meaning). Cognate with English file.

(zoology) ellipsis of hilo de oro (type of stinging jellyfish, Guanacaste, Costa Rica)


tepezcuintle

tepezcuintles (plural)
tepezcuinte (alternative)

From Classical Nahuatl tepetl (“mountain, hill”) + itzcuīntli (“dog”).

der

(Mexico, Central America) paca (Agouti paca, large rodent)


reo

Uncertain; probably from Celto-Latin rhēdō, redo.


cochino

es-adj

cochino (feminine cochina, masculine plural cochinos, feminine plural cochinas)

cochina (feminine)
cochinos (masculine plural)
cochinas (feminine plural)

From cocho, from coch, used to call pigs. Compare French cochon.

dirty (as in an action done by a child like eating with dirty hands)


cilantro

cilantros (plural)
coriandro (alternative)
culantro (alternative)

→ English: cilantro

Uncertain. Possibly from an unattested regional Vulgar Latin variant of Latin coriandrum — where also its doublet culantro, today obsolete, comes from — with a front vowel, like *ciliandrum or *ceriandrum. (Compare French coriandre, Italian coriandolo, Portuguese coentro) from Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon, “coriander”), κορίανδρον (koríandron).)


haya

Inherited from Old Spanish faya, from Latin [materia] fāgea, from fāgus, from Proto-Italic *fāgos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos. Compare Galician and Portuguese faia.


aro

aros (plural)
jaro (alternative)
yaro (alternative)


pino

Inherited from Latin pīnus, ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *poi- (“sap, juice”). Cognate with English pine.


marihuana

→ Afrikaans: marijuana

→ Albanian: marihuana

desc

مَارِيجْوَانَا

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Arabic: مَارِيجْوَانَا (mārījwānā)

→ Armenian: մարիխուանա (marixuana)

→ Azerbaijani: marixuana

→ Belarusian: марыхуана (maryxuana)

→ Bulgarian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Catalan: marihuana

→ Czech: marihuana

→ Dutch: marihuana

desctree

→ English: marijuana, marihuana (less common)
→ Italian: marijuana

→ Esperanto: mariĥuano

→ Estonian: marihuaana

→ Finnish: marihuana, marijuana (rare)

→ French: marijuana

→ Galician: marihuana

→ Georgian: მარიხუანა (marixuana)

→ German: Marihuana

→ Greek: μαριχουάνα (marichouána)

desc

מָרִיחוּאָנָה

→ Hebrew: מָרִיחוּאָנָה (marikhu'ána)

→ Hindi: मारिजुआना (mārijuānā)

→ Hungarian: marihuána

→ Japanese: マリファナ (marifana), マリワナ (mariwana)

→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Korean: 마리화나 (marihwana)

→ Kyrgyz: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Latvian: marihuāna

→ Lithuanian: marihuana

→ Macedonian: марихуана (marihuana)

→ Maltese: marijuana

→ Persian: ماریجوانا (mâri-juânâ), ماریجوانا (mârijuânâ)

→ Polish: marihuana

→ Portuguese: marijuana

→ Romanian: marijuana

desctree

→ Russian: марихуана (marixuana)
→ Kazakh: марихуана (marixuana)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

: Cyrillic script: марихуана

: Latin script: marihuana

→ Slovak: marihuana

→ Slovene: marihuana

→ Swedish: marijuana

→ Tagalog: marihuwana

→ Ukrainian: марихуана (maryxuana)

→ Uzbek: marixuana

desc

מעראַוואַנאַ

→ Yiddish: מעראַוואַנאַ (meravana)

First attested in 1894 of uncertain origin. Alteration by influence of the proper name María Juana (“Mary Jane”) is believed to be folk etymology. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word may come from Classical Nahuatl mallihuan (“prisoner”), however, linguist Jason D. Haugen finds no semantic basis for an etymological connection, suggesting that the phonetic similarity may be "a case of accidental homophony". Another theory derives it from Chinese 麻仁花 (má rén huā, “hemp seed flower”), possibly itself originating as a loan from an earlier Semitic root *mrj, meaning "hemp".


palomino

→ English: palomino

From paloma (“dove, pigeon”) + -ino (“diminutive suffix”).


polilla

(figurative) cause of progressive destruction


cachorro

es-noun

cachorro m (plural cachorros, feminine cachorra, feminine plural cachorras)

cachorros (plural)
cachorra (feminine)
cachorras (feminine plural)

Probably from Vulgar Latin *cattulus (“whelp, puppy”), from Latin catŭlus (“puppy”).
Or, from or influenced by a metathesis of Basque txakur, xakur (“puppy”); however, this has been dismissed as speculative. Compare with Italian cucciolo.

cub (the young of certain other animals, generally mammals)

pup (young of foxes, seals or sea lions)


labrador

labrador m (plural labradores, feminine labradora, feminine plural labradoras)

labradores (plural)
labradora (feminine)
labradoras (feminine plural)

[la.β̞ɾaˈð̞oɾ]

Inherited from Old Spanish labrador, from Latin labōrātorem, equivalent to labrar + -dor.

Labrador retriever
Labrador retriever#Spanish

Labrador (ellipsis of Labrador retriever.)


hongo

Inherited from Old Spanish fongo, from Latin fungus.


champiñón

champiñones (plural)
champigñón (alternative)


bacalao

bacalaos (plural)
bacallao (alternative)
bacalado (alternative)

From Dutch bakkeljauw, kabeljauw, from Old Dutch *cabillao, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Latin baculum (“stick, staff”), referring to the way cod were split and dried on wooden sticks. Or, possibly borrowed or influenced by Basque bakailao, which could be related to the Dutch word.
Cognate with Italian baccalà, Portuguese bacalhau, Galician bacallau, Catalan bacallà.

te conozco, bacalao, aunque vengas disfrazado


velociraptor

Spielberg ha sabido expresar en imágenes el relato de Crichton (coautor del guión), y ha conseguido un ritmo trepidante, secuencias antológicas —como los ataques del tiranosaurio rex y los velociraptores— que emocionan intensamente al espectador, con unos efectos especiales por ordenador insuperables en su momento (por obra de la factoría de George Lucas, Industrial Light & Magic).

2003, Juan José Muñoz García, Cine y misterio humano, pages 70–71:

Los velociraptores son animales de sangre caliente […]

2012, José Luis Sanz García, Pequeña historia de los dinosaurios, page 21:

Junto a Griezmann, mejor fichaje del curso pasado, El Cholo cuenta con una terna de velociraptores a los que nutrirá principalmente Koke desde el centro del campo.

2015 July 25, “El nuevo Atlético de Madrid se inspira en el pasado”, in El País:


ganga

onomatopoeic

Imitative

sandgrouse (bird of the family Pteroclididae)


roble

From former robre, from Latin rōbore, singular ablative of rōbur (“a kind of hard oak”), whence also Aragonese robre (“oak”) and Catalan roure (“oak”).

oak, several species of the genus Quercus.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur#Translingual


cacique

es-noun

cacique m (plural caciques, feminine cacique or cacica, feminine plural caciques or cacicas)

caciques (plural)
cacique (feminine)
cacica (feminine)
caciques (feminine plural)
cacicas (feminine plural)

→ Catalan: cacic

→ English: cacique

→ French: cacique

→ Galician: cacique

→ German: Kazike

→ Portuguese: cacique

Borrowed from Taíno *kasike (“chieftain”) or Lokono kassequa (“chieftain; power”).


barracuda

→ Cebuano: barakuda

→ English: barracuda

→ Italian: barracuda

→ Portuguese: barracuda

Unknown, perhaps from a Cariban term. According to Watkins, from Valencian/Catalan barracó (“snaggletooth”); see barraca.


anguila

Borrowed from Latin anguilla, from Proto-Indo-European *angh- (“water-worm, eel”). Doublet of angula.


delfín

Borrowed from Latin delphīnem, variant of delphīnus (compare French dauphin, Italian delfino), from Ancient Greek δελφίν (delphín), a later form of δελφίς (delphís, “dolphin”), from δελφύς (delphús, “womb”).


mamut

Borrowed from French mammouth, from Russian ма́монт (mámont, “mammoth”). More at mammoth.


nabo

Inherited from Old Spanish nabo, from Latin nāpus (“turnip”) (compare -nip in English turnip, Catalan nap, French navet, Italian napo, Portuguese nabo, Romanian nap, Scottish English neep), from Ancient Greek νᾶπυ (nâpu, “mustard”).


pichón

es-noun

pichón m (plural pichones, feminine pichona, feminine plural pichonas)

pichones (plural)
pichona (feminine)
pichonas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Italian piccione, from Latin pīpiōnem. Compare English pigeon.


avión

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: abion

→ Zoogocho Zapotec: avión

(colloquial, playground games, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Venezuela) hopscotch


manta

Chavacano: manta

→ Cebuano: manta

→ English: manta; manta ray

→ French: manta

→ Ilocano: manta

→ Polish: manta

→ Tagalog: manta


tortuga

Inherited from Old Spanish tartuga, probably from the feminine of Late Latin tartarucchus or tartarūchus, a mythological spirit of Greek origin, from Ancient Greek ταρταροῦχος (tartaroûkhos), from Τάρταρος (Tártaros). Cf. also Medieval Latin tortūca.


caoba

Borrowed from Taíno caoban (“mahogany”).


chico

(Mexico) white-nosed coati (Nasua Narica)

Procyon lotor
Procyon lotor#Translingual


palma

→ English: palma

Inherited from Old Spanish palma, from Latin palma, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂. Doublet of palmo.


comino

Inherited from Latin cumīnum, from Ancient Greek κύμῑνον (kúmīnon), ultimately from Semitic.

importar un comino

to not give a hoot, to not give two hoots, to not give a rat's ass


azulejo

es-adj

azulejo (feminine azuleja, masculine plural azulejos, feminine plural azulejas)

azuleja (feminine)
azulejos (masculine plural)
azulejas (feminine plural)


haba

→ Mezquital Otomi: aba

→ Quechua: jawas

Inherited from Old Spanish faba, from Latin faba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with English fava.

(veterinary) equine palatitis (disease of horses)


narciso

From Latin narcissus, from Ancient Greek νάρκισσος (nárkissos).


narciso

From Narciso (Narcissus), a youth from Greek mythology.


cabrón

Augmentative of cabra. Compare Portuguese cabrão, Italian caprone, Venetan cavron, Catalan cabró.

Para asistir al aquelarre es preciso ser Brujo y rendir homenaje al cabrón que lo preside, el cual, en los días de reunión, se coloca a la entrada de la cueva.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 19:


cabrón

es-noun

cabrón m (plural cabrones, feminine cabrona, feminine plural cabronas)

cabrones (plural)
cabrona (feminine)
cabronas (feminine plural)

(Mexico, Central America, Spain, Puerto Rico, vulgar, derogatory) bastard, motherfucker (compare English jackass)

(Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, vulgar, derogatory) cuckold

¿Qué onda, cabrón?

Buenos días, cabrón!

(Mexico, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, informal) mate, dude (term of endearment between friends)


alguacil

alguaciles (plural)
alguazil (alternative)

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: orosiir

→ Tagalog: alguwasil

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الوَزِير (al-wazīr), from Arabic وَزِير (wazīr, “minister”). Compare visir and Italian aguzzino.

bor+

(Rioplatense) Alternative form of aguacil


cebolla

Chavacano: cebollas

→ Bikol Central: sebolyas

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: sibuyas

→ Cebuano: sibuyas

→ Central Sierra Miwok: siwo·ja-

→ Chamicuro: sewoyo

→ Kari'na: sewoija

→ Guaraní: sevói

→ Kapampangan: sibuyas

→ Ladino: sevoya

→ Quechua: siwulla

→ Tagalog: sibuyas

→ Ye'kwana: sewoya

Inherited from Old Spanish cebolla, from Late Latin cēpulla, diminutive of Latin cēpa, whence English chive (via French). Compare Galician and Portuguese cebola, Catalan ceba, and Asturian cebolla.


cóndor

→ Catalan: còndor

desctree

→ English: condor
→ Welsh: condor
→ Korean: 콘도르 (kondoreu)

→ French: condor

→ German: Kondor

→ Italian: condor

→ Portuguese: condor

Borrowed from Classical Quechua kuntur, with /t/ > /d/ characteristic of its “coastal” variety.


chaya

(colloquial, Honduras, El Salvador) a small sharp piece of shattered glass


pacay

→ English: pacay

→ French: pacaye


liana

Borrowed from French liane, of unknown ultimate origin.


tenia

Borrowed from Latin taenĭa, from Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía, “ribbon, tape”).


carabao

es-noun

carabao m (plural carabaos, feminine caraballa, feminine plural caraballas)

carabaos (plural)
caraballa (feminine)
caraballas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy, “water buffalo”).


corral

→ Cebuano: koral

→ English: corral

→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: cóla̱l

→ San Juan Colorado Mixtec: cora

→ Polish: corral

→ Polish: korral

→ Tagalog: kural

From Vulgar Latin *currale (“place for keeping a chariot”), from currus (“chariot”). Compare Portuguese curral.

inh

pollos de corral


serval

Borrowed from French serval, from Portuguese (lobo) cerval (“Iberian lynx”), from Latin lupus cervārius (literally “stag wolf”), i.e. "wolf that hunts stags", from cervus (“deer, stag”).


margay

margays (plural)
margayes (plural)
maracayá (alternative)

desctree

→ English: margay
→ Korean: 마게이 (magei)
→ Japanese: マーゲイ (māgei)

→? French: margay

Borrowed from or related to Portuguese maracajá, ultimately from Old Tupi marakaîá. Doublet of maracayá.


águila

→ Cebuano: agila

→ Hiligaynon: agila

→ Tagalog: agila

Inherited from Old Spanish aguila, from Latin aquila. Cognate with French aigle, Italian aquila, Portuguese águia and Romanian aceră.


coronavirus

In part from English coronavirus (also formed from combination with corona + virus).

Se cree que el coronavirus es un precursor de la infección por E. coli.

1985, Carlos Buxadé Carbó, El pollo de carne: sistemas de explotación y técnicas de producción:

It is believed that the coronavirus is a precursor to E. coli infection.

El estudio sero-epidemiológico, efecutado en 1987, ha demostrado la presencia y difusión de coronavirus respiratorio porcino en la Región de Murcia.

1993, María José Cubero Pablo, El coronavirus respiratorio porcino en la región de Murcia, page 57:

The seroepidemiological study, carried out in 1987, has demonstrated the presence and spread of porcine respiratory coronavirus in the Region of Murcia.

La nueva cepa de coronavirus, descubierta por primera vez en la ciudad de Wuhan, centro de China, causó alarma debido a su conexión con el Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo (SARS), que mató a casi 650 personas en China continental y Hong Kong en 2002-2003.

2020 January 20, Ricardo Pérez Vallejos, “Virus que provoca neumonía causa tercera muerte en China y llega a Corea del Sur”, in La Nación [Chile], archived from the original on 2020-01-28:

The new strain of coronavirus, first discovered in the city of Wuhan, central China, caused concern due to its connection to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which killed almost 650 people in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2002-2003.


pingüino

es-noun

pingüino m (plural pingüinos, feminine pingüina, feminine plural pingüinas)

pingüinos (plural)
pingüina (feminine)
pingüinas (feminine plural)

Borrowed from French pingouin, from Dutch pinguïn.


tinge

Of obscure origin. Compare the adjective tinte (“shaded, shadowed, dyed”).

unk

obscure


chiripa

Uncertain, possibly Persian سراندیب (serendip) or Arabic سَرَانْدِيب (sarāndīb), from Sinhala-dib. Cognate with English serendipity.

chiripero

a crowd, a gathering of small players; in Venezuelan politics

Blattella germanica
Blattella germanica#Translingual

(Venezuela) Blattella germanica (German roach)


chongo

An alteration of Mexican Spanish chango.

(Philippines, obsolete in Mexico) monkey


equitación

Borrowed from Latin equitātiōnem, from equitō (“to ride a horse”), from equus (“horse”).


ababol

ababoles (plural)
babahol (alternative)
amapola (alternative)
mapola (alternative)
papola (alternative)
ababa (alternative)

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic حَبَّبَوْر (ḥabbabawr).

bor+

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

(Spain) the flower of the red poppy (Papaver rhoeas)


gatito

es-noun

gatito m (plural gatitos, feminine gatita, feminine plural gatitas)

gatitos (plural)
gatita (feminine)
gatitas (feminine plural)

Tenemos un gatito que se llama Colin.


copal

→ Czech: kopál

→ English: copal

→ Finnish: kopaali

→ French: copal

→ German: Kopal

→ Italian: copale

→ Japanese: コーパル (kōparu)

→ Polish: kopal

→ Russian: копал (kopal)

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl copalli (“incense”).

bor+

any of several trees from which copal is extracted


frijol

frijoles (plural)
frejol (alternative)
fríjol (alternative)
frisol (alternative)

→ Navajo: bihóól

Inherited from Latin phaseolus, probably from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos).


estragón

Borrowed from French estragon (“tarragon”), from Middle French targon, from Medieval Latin tragonia, from Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn), ultimately from Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion, “dragonwort, Dracunculus vulgaris”), from δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”). Doublet of drago.

der

Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn)


silla

→ Cebuano: síya

→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: siya

→ Galician: silla

→ Hiligaynon: siya

→ Ladino: siya

→ Portuguese: silha

→ Southeastern Tepehuan: xiir

→ Tagalog: silya, siya

→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: siya

Inherited from Old Spanish siella, from Latin sella (“seat”), from Proto-Italic *sedlā, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-.


cordero

es-noun

cordero m (plural corderos, feminine cordera, feminine plural corderas)

corderos (plural)
cordera (feminine)
corderas (feminine plural)

→ Cebuano: kordero

→ Ladino: kodrero

→ San Juan Atzingo Popoloca: colélo

→ Tagalog: kordero

→ Yosondúa Mixtec: lelu

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *cordārium (“late-born lamb”), from Latin chordus (“late-born”).


choco

(Spain) any of a number of species of squid or cuttlefish

Había un choco sentado afuera.

There was a blind person sitting outside.

(colloquial, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) a blind person


encina

Inherited from Old Spanish enzina, from Vulgar Latin ilicīna, based on Latin īlex (“holm oak”). Compare Catalan alzina (“holm oak”).


abeja

Inherited from Old Spanish abeja, from Latin apicula.

Coordinate term: zángano


maracuyá

Borrowed from Old Tupi murukuîá or from Guaraní mburukuja; compare Portuguese maracujá.

passion fruit (specifically Passiflora edulis)


vaquilla

Inherited from Old Spanish vaquiella, from vaca (“cow”). Analyzable as vaca (“cow”) + -illa.


venado

es-noun

venado m (plural venados, feminine venada, feminine plural venadas)

venados (plural)
venada (feminine)
venadas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Latin vēnātus (whence English venison).

(colloquial) cuckold, deceived husband or partner


verraco

From a derivative of Latin verrēs (“boar”). Compare Romance cognates with varying suffixes: Portuguese barrão, Asturian bracu, French verrat, etc.

El verraco de Guaca es un macho porcino reproductor que aparece en los campos antioqueños con espíritu infernal; […]

2001, Javier Ocampo López, Mitos y leyendas de Antioquia la Grande, Plaza & Janés, page 113:

The boar of Guaca is a male reproducing pig that appears in the fields of Antioquia as an infernal spirit; […]


viudo

viudo m (plural viudos, feminine viuda, feminine plural viudas)

viudos (plural)
viuda (feminine)
viudas (feminine plural)

From Latin viduus (“widowed”), probably modeled on the feminine form viuda, which predated it. It may have been altered from an Old Spanish form vidu (itself a learned borrowing from Latin) due to influence from the feminine; a naturally inherited form would be viso, which was attested once in isolation.

(botany) Sixalix atropurpurea, syn. Scabiosa atropurpurea (mourning bride, mourning widow, sweet scabious)


gusano

→ Chavacano: gusano

Uncertain. Possibly from Latin cossus (with an additional suffix), according to the Diccionario de la lengua española of 1884, but this is highly unlikely. Possibly from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia. Unrelated to гу́сеница (gúsenica, “worm”)
In the sense of "counter-revolutionary" or "reactionary" it can be attributed to Fidel Castro.

gusano de seda

(Chicano, derogatory) Hispanicized Mexican


piojo

→ Northern Puebla Nahuatl: pioxo

Inherited from Late Latin peduclus < peduculus, variant of Latin pēdīculus, from pēdis, from Proto-Indo-European *pezd-. Compare Portuguese piolho. Doublet of pedículo.

Todavía está en la edad en que cree que las chicas tienen piojos.

He's still at the age where he thinks girls have cooties.

a louse, a cootie (a kind of parasitic insect, lice)


nube

Inherited from Latin nūbēs, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)newdʰ- (“to cover”). In Old Spanish, it was written nuve, nué.


víbora

Inherited from Old Spanish biuora, from Latin vīpera (“viper”), a conflation of vīvus (“alive”) + pariō (“to give birth to”). Doublet of guiverno.


verdolaga

Borrowed from Mozarabic *berdiláqaš, from Latin portulāca, with influence from Spanish verde and Mozarabic *yiláqa. Doublet of badulaque.

Portulaca oleracea
Portulaca oleracea#Translingual

common purslane, a plant of species Portulaca oleracea


tordo

Inherited from Latin turdus (“a thrush”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos.

inh+

thrush (kind of bird); species Turdus musicus


navaja

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *navācla, from Latin novācula (“razor”), from Proto-Italic *(ks)nowātlā. Compare Portuguese navalha, Galician navalla.

razor shell, razor clam (edible clam of genus Ensis)


nazareno

es-adj

nazareno (feminine nazarena, masculine plural nazarenos, feminine plural nazarenas)

nazarena (feminine)
nazarenos (masculine plural)
nazarenas (feminine plural)

of, from or relating to Dos Hermanas (city in the province of Seville, Spain)


nazareno

es-noun

nazareno m (plural nazarenos, feminine nazarena, feminine plural nazarenas)

nazarenos (plural)
nazarena (feminine)
nazarenas (feminine plural)

native or inhabitant of Dos Hermanas (city in the province of Seville, Spain) (male or of unspecified gender)


pomelo

Borrowed from English pomelo, from Dutch pompelmoes.


chaparral

→ English: chaparral

From chaparro + -al, from Basque txaparro.


tipo

From a local language, probably Quechua, along with muña.

2018 March 13, Rosa Estefanía López Casigña, “Utilización de aceites esenciales de la planta tipo (Minthostachys mollis), para la conservación de carne de hamburguesa”, in Ciencia Digital, volume 3, number 2.6, Riobamba, →DOI:


aligator

aligatores (plural)
aligátor (alternative)

Borrowed from English alligator, which in turn came from Spanish el lagarto (“the lizard”).

alligator (large amphibious reptile of genus Alligator)


pavo

→ Asi: pabo

→ Cebuano: pabo

→ Chavacano: pabo

→ Tagalog: pabo

Inherited from Latin pāvō. Doublet of pavón.


cuervo

Inherited from Latin corvus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂wós.


piña

→ English: piña

→ Bikol Central: pinya

→ Cebuano: pinya

→ Hiligaynon: pinya

→ Tagalog: pinya

Inherited from Latin pīnea. The sense "pineapple" comes from its resemblance to a pinecone, similarly to English pineapple. The sense "core of the agave plant" comes from its resemblance to a pineapple after the leaves are chopped off for harvesting.


jojoba

→ English: jojoba

[…] la Jojoba estimable por su eficacia para curar la supresion de orina y las heridas, facilitar el parto, y su azeyte poderoso contra el cancer, no dá fruto sino el año que en invierno cae alguna gran lluvia […]

1816, Agustín Pomposo Fernández de San Salvador, Los jesuitas quitados y restituidos al mundo:

The jojoba [is] esteemed because of its efficacy in curing urine lack and wounds, and facilitating birth, and its oil is strong against cancer, and it does not give fruits if not in spring some great rain fell.


rapé

El hipo cura provocando el estornudo con un poco de rapé o cebadilla.

1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes, Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page 305:

Hiccups can be cured by triggering a sneeze with a bit of snuff or sabadilla.

snuff (finely ground or pulverised tobacco for sniffing)


melón

→ Western Apache: bilóń

→ Guaraní: merõ

Inherited from Late Latin mēlōnem, shortening of Latin mēlopepō, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn, “melon”).

der

(colloquial, Lunfardo, Rioplatense, chiefly in the plural) breasts


beluga

Delphinapterus leucas
Delphinapterus leucas#Translingual

beluga (cetacean, Delphinapterus leucas)