ъ

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The thirty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


щ

The thirty-first letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


й

The twelfth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ш

The thirtieth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ы

The thirty-third letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ь

The thirty-fourth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


б

The second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


д

The fifth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


п

The twentieth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


х

The twenty-seventh letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


р

The twenty-first letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ф

The twenty-sixth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


т

The twenty-third letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


э

The thirty-fifth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


з

The tenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


н

The sixteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


г

The fourth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


к

The thirteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ц

The twenty-eighth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ч

The twenty-ninth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ж

The ninth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


м

The fifteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


л

The fourteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


с

The twenty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


в

The third letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


е

The seventh letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ю

The thirty-sixth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


о

The eighteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

The eleventh letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


а

The first letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


у

The twenty-fourth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


уу

From Proto-Turkic *āgu (“poison”). See Also оо (oo).


я

The thirty-seventh letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


он

From Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”). Cognate with Kazakh он (on), Kumyk он (on), Azerbaijani on Turkish on, Shor он, etc.


ё

The eighth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


чай

From Persian چای (čây), Sanskrit चाय (cāya), from Sinitic 茶 (MC drae, “tea”).


бес

From Proto-Turkic. Cognate with
Kazakh без (bez, “gland”),
Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”),
Kumyk без (bez, “gland”),
Uzbek bez (“gland”),
Uyghur بەز (bez, “gland”),
Turkmen mäz (“gland”),
Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”),
Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”),
Chuvash пар (par, “gland”).


там

Borrowed from Arabic طَعْم (ṭaʕm). Cognate with Kazakh дәм (däm), Kyrgyz даам (daam), Bashkir тәм (təm), Tatar тәм (täm), Turkmen tagam, Uzbek taʻm, Uyghur تەم (tem), etc.


май

From Proto-Turkic *bań. cognate with Kazakh май (mai), Kyrgyz май (may), Crimean Tatar may, Kumyk май (may), Tatar май (may), Uzbek moy, etc.


не

From Proto-Turkic *nē-.
Cognate with Kazakh не (ne), Karakalpak ne, Nogai не (ne, “what?”), Kyrgyz не (ne), Crimean Tatar ne, Kumyk не (ne), Bashkir ни (ni), Tatar ни (ni), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Turkish ne (“what?”), Uzbek na, Uyghur نە (ne), Khakas ноо (noo), Shor ноо, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Western Yugur ne, etc.


карандаш

head

карандаш • (karandaš)

alt-noun

карандаш • (karandaš)


башмак

head

башмак • (bašmak)

alt-noun

башмак • (bašmak)

From Proto-Turkic *baĺmak (“boot, shoe”).
Compare Kumyk башмакъ (başmaq), Tatar башмак (başmaq), Turkish başmak, etc.


базар

From Proto-Turkic *bas-. Compare to Kumyk басмакъ (basmaq), Kyrgyz басуу (basuu), etc.


бок

From Proto-Turkic *bok. Cognate to Kyrgyz бок (bok), etc.


бал

From Proto-Turkic *bạl (“honey”). Cognate with Kazakh бал (bal), Kyrgyz бал (bal), Crimean Tatar bal, Kumyk бал (bal), Azerbaijani bal, Turkish bal, Shor пал, etc.


ј

The sixth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


от

From Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani od, Turkish od, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan от (ot), Western Yugur ot, etc.


от

From Proto-Turkic *ot (“grass”). Cognate with Kazakh от (ot), Kyrgyz от (ot), Crimean Tatar ot, Kumyk от (ot), Azerbaijani ot, Turkish ot, Khakas от (ot), Shor от, Tuvan оът (òt), Western Yugur ot/ uʰt, etc.


бар

From Proto-Turkic *bār. Kazakh бар (bar), Kyrgyz бар (bar), Crimean Tatar bar, Kumyk бар (bar), Bashkir бар (bar), Tatar бар (bar), Azerbaijani var, Turkish var, Uzbek bor, Uyghur بار (bar), etc.

there is / there are, there exist; I/you have, he/she has, etc.


јурт

head

јурт • (ǰurt)

alt-noun

јурт • (ǰurt)

From Proto-Turkic *yūrt (“dwelling place, home”).


сыр

Borrowed from Russian сыр (syr, “cheese”).


сыр

Compare to Kyrgyz сыр (sır, “dye, paint”)


јок

From Proto-Turkic *yōk. Cognate with Kazakh жоқ (joq), Kyrgyz жок (jok), Crimean Tatar yoq, Kumyk ёкъ (yoq), Tatar юк (yuk), Azerbaijani yox, Turkish yok, Turkmen ýok, Khakas чох (çox), Shor чоқ, Tuvan чок (çok), Western Yugur yoq, etc.


кур

From Proto-Turkic *kur (“belt”). Cognate with Kazakh құр (qūr), Kyrgyz кур (kur), Shor қур, Western Yugur qur, etc.


ада

ada (romanization)
ада (absolute singular)
адалар (absolute plural)
аданыҥ (definite genitive singular)
адалардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
адага (dative singular)
адаларга (dative plural)
аданы (accusative definite singular)
адаларды (accusative definite plural)
адада (locative singular)
адаларда (locative plural)
ададаҥ (ablative singular)
адалардаҥ (ablative plural)


сан

From Proto-Turkic *sān. Cognate with Kazakh сан (san), Kyrgyz сан (san), Crimean Tatar san, Kumyk сан (san, “limp”), Tatar сан (san, “limp”), etc.


сан

From Proto-Turkic *sā-n. Cognate to Kyrgyz сан (san), Kazakh сан (san), Kumyk сан (san), etc.


бут

From Proto-Turkic *būt (“leg, foot”). Cognate with Turkish but (“thigh”).


айгыр

head

айгыр • (aygïr)

alt-noun

айгыр • (aygïr)


алабуга

Cognate with
Tatar алабуга (alabuğa, “perch”),
Kazakh алабұға (alabūğa, “perch”),
Kyrgyz алабуга (alabuga, “trout”),
Shor алабуға (“perch”),
Khakas ала пуға (ala puğa, “perch”),
Uzbek olabugʻa (“perch”),
Uyghur ئالابۇغا (alabugha, “perch”).


акча

head

акча • (akča)

alt-noun

акча • (akča)

From *aqča, Cognate with Kazakh ақша (aqşa), Kyrgyz акча (akca), Crimean Tatar aqça, Kumyk акъча (aqça), Turkish akçe, Shor ақча, etc.


ак

From Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Kazakh ақ (aq), Kyrgyz ак (ak), Crimean Tatar aq, Kumyk акъ (aq), Azerbaijani ax, Turkish ak, Turkmen ak, Uzbek oq, Khakas ах (ax), Shor ақ, Western Yugur aq, etc.


ай

ay (romanization)
ай (absolute singular)
айлар (absolute plural)
айдыҥ (definite genitive singular)
айлардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
айга (dative singular)
айларга (dative plural)
айды (accusative definite singular)
айларды (accusative definite plural)
айда (locative singular)
айларда (locative plural)
айдаҥ (ablative singular)
айлардаҥ (ablative plural)


тар

From Proto-Turkic *d(i)ār (“narrow”). Cognate with Kazakh тар (tar), Kyrgyz тар (tar), Crimean Tatar tar, Kumyk тар (tar), Azerbaijani dar, Turkish dar, Shor тар, Western Yugur tar, etc.


сом

As a unit of currency, the Turkic root *som literally means pure, implying pure gold.


черт

head

черт • (čert)

alt-noun

черт • (čert)


кулак

From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Kyrgyz кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq), Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.


тура

tura (romanization)
тура (absolute singular)
туралар (absolute plural)
тураныҥ (definite genitive singular)
туралардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
турага (dative singular)
тураларга (dative plural)
тураны (accusative definite singular)
тураларды (accusative definite plural)
турада (locative singular)
тураларда (locative plural)
турадаҥ (ablative singular)
туралардаҥ (ablative plural)

From obsolete Russian тура́ f inan (turá, “tower, castle”), from French tour f (“tower”), from Old French tor f (“tower”), from Latin turrim f (accusative of turris f (“tower”)), from Ancient Greek τύρρις f (túrrhis, assimilated variant of τύρσις f (túrsis, “tower”)).
Compare Siberian Tatar тора (“city, town”), Tatar тора (tora), Shor тура (tura, “city, town”), Khakas тура (tura, “house; city, town”), etc.


тон

From Proto-Turkic *tōn. Cognates with Kazakh тон (ton), Kyrgyz тон (ton), Crimean Tatar don (“pants”), Kumyk тон (ton), Turkish don, Khakas тон (ton), Shor тон, Western Yugur ton, etc.


алты

head

алты • (altï)


кырык

кырык • (kïrïk)

From Proto-Turkic *kïrk (“forty”).
Cognate with Kazakh қырық (qyryq), Kyrgyz кырк (kırk), Crimean Tatar qırq, Karachay-Balkar къыркъ (qırq), Kumyk къыркъ (qırq), Bashkir ҡырҡ (qırq), Azerbaijani qırx, Turkish kırk, Turkmen kyrk, Uzbek qirq, Khakas хырых (xırıx), Shor қырық, etc.


алтынчы

алтынчы • (altïnčï)

Cognates include Azerbaijani altıncı, Turkish altıncı, Turkmen altynjy, Kazakh алтыншы (altynşy), Kyrgyz алтынчы (altıncı), Crimean Tatar altıncı, Kumyk алтынчы (altınçı), Bashkir алтынсы (altınsı), Tatar алтынчы (altınçı),
Uzbek oltinchi, Uyghur ئالتىنچى (altinchi), Khakas алтынӌы (altıncı) and Yakut алтыс (altıs).


ун

From Proto-Turkic *ūn (“flour”).
Cognate with Kazakh ұн (ūn, “flour”), Kyrgyz ун (un, “flour”), Uzbek un (“flour”), Crimean Tatar un, Kumyk ун (un), Bashkir он (on), Khakas ун (un, “flour”), Shor ун,Azerbaijani un, Turkish un (“flour”).


эс

From Proto-Turkic *es (“memory, mind”). See above for more cognates.


эр

From Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Kazakh ер (er), Kyrgyz эр (er), Crimean Tatar er, Karaim эр, Kumyk эр (er), Azerbaijani ər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Shor эр,Tuvan эр (er), etc.


аш

From Common Turkic *aš (“food, meal”), from Proto-Turkic *(i)aĺ (“food, meal”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (aš, “food, meal”); Kazakh ас (as), Kyrgyz аш (aş), Crimean Tatar aş, Kumyk аш (aş), Uzbek osh (“hot meal; pilaf”), Azerbaijani aş, Turkish aş (“cooked food, meal”), Shor аш, Western Yugur as (“food”),
Yakut ас (as, “food, meal”), etc.


эм

From Proto-Turkic *em (“medicine”). Compare to Salar em, Turkish em, Tuvan эм (em), etc.


аркан

From Proto-Turkic *arkan. Compare to Kyrgyz аркан (arkan), etc.


бака

From Proto-Turkic *b(i)āk(k)a (“[uncertain meaning; possibilies include: frog or turtle/tortoise]”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (baka), Kazakh бақа (baqa), Kyrgyz бака (baka), Tatar бака (baqa), Bashkir баҡа (baqa), Tuvan пага (paga), Shor паға, Western Yugur paqa, Uyghur پاقا (paqa), Yakut баҕа (bağa), Turkish bağa, etc.

non-gloss

􂀿uncertain meaning; possibilies include: frog or turtle/tortoise􂁀


кум

From Proto-Turkic *Kum (“sand”). Cognate with Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Crimean Tatar qum, Kumyk хум (xum), Bashkir ҡом (qom), Tatar ком (qom), Azerbaijani qum, Turkish kum, Turkmen gum, Uzbek qum, Khakas хум (xum), Shor қум, Tuvan кум (kum), Western Yugur qum, etc.


кар

From Proto-Turkic *kār. Compare to Turkish kar.


кирпич

head

кирпич • (kirpič)

alt-noun

кирпич • (kirpič)

Compare to Kazakh кірпіш (kırpış), Turkish kerpiç, Bashkir кирбес (kirbes), etc.


калай

Adapted from Arabic قَلَعِيّ (qalaʕiyy, “related to tin”).
Cognate with Kazakh қалайы (qalaiy, “tin”), Uzbek qalay (“tin”), Azerbaijani qalay (“tin”).


табак

From Arabic طَبَق (ṭabaq, “plate”). Cognate with Bashkir табаҡ (tabaq, “bowl”), Kyrgyz табак (tabak, “plate”), Uzbek tovoq (“bowl”), etc.


той

From Common Turkic *toy (“feast, banquet”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (toj, “feast, banquet”), Crimean Tatar toy (“wedding”), Kumyk той (toy),
Kazakh той (toi), Nogai той (toy, “wedding”), Kyrgyz той (toy), Uzbek toʻy, Khakas той (toy), Turkish toy, Turkmen toý (“feast, banquet”), etc.


сай

From Proto-Turkic *say (“shallow; rocky bedding”).
Cognate with Tatar сай (say, “shallow”),
Crimean Tatar say (“shallow place”),
Kumyk сай (say, “shallow”),
Khakas сай (say, “shallow place, shoal”).


јас

From Proto-Turkic *yāŕ. Cognate with Kyrgyz жаз (jaz, “spring”), Kazakh жаз (jaz, “summer”), Karachay-Balkar джаз (caz), Kumyk яз (yaz), Bashkir яҙ (yaź), Tatar яз (yaz), Salar yaz, Azerbaijani yaz, Turkish yaz (“summer”), Turkmen ýāz; Uzbek yoz; Khakas час (ças, “spring”), Tuvan час (ças, “spring”), Yakut саас (saas, “spring”); Chuvash ҫур (śur), etc.


кош

From Proto-Turkic *koĺ- (“pair, couple, to join, unite”). Cognate with Kyrgyz кош (koş), Ottoman Turkish قوش (qoş, “pair, couple”), etc.


таман

From Proto-Turkic *tāpan (“foot, sole”).
Compare with Kazakh табан (taban, “foot, sole”),
Kyrgyz таман (taman, “foot, sole”),
Tatar табан (taban),
Tuvan таваңгай (tavañgay, “sole”),
Uzbek tovon (“heel”),
Turkish taban (“sole of foot”), etc.


кап

From Proto-Turkic *Kāp. Compare to Kazakh қап (qap), etc.


оток

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡆᡐᡆᡎ (otog). Compare also Kalmyk отг (otg), Buryat отог (otog), Mongolian отог (otog).


алма

From Common Turkic *alma. See Also алама (alama).


балчык

head

балчык • (balčïk)

alt-noun

балчык • (balčïk)


баш

From Proto-Turkic *baĺč (“head”). Cognate with Kazakh бас (bas), Kyrgyz баш (baş), Bashkir баш (baş), Tatar баш (baş), Turkish baş; Crimean Tatar baş, Dolgan бас, Khakas пас (pas), Krymchak баш, Shor паш, Tofa баъш, Tuvan баш (baş); Turkmen baş, Uzbek bosh, Urum баш; Western Yugur pas, Yakut бас (bas), etc.


балык

head

балык • (balïk)

alt-noun

балык • (balïk)

From Proto-Turkic *bālïk. Cognate with Kazakh балық (balyq), Kyrgyz балык (balık), Crimean Tatar balıq, Kumyk балыкъ (balıq), Azerbaijani balıq, Turkish balık, Turkmen balyk, Uzbek baliq, Khakas палых (palıx), Shor палық, Western Yugur palïq, paluq, etc.


арка

From Proto-Turkic *arka, etc. Kazakh арқа (arqa), Kyrgyz арка (arka), Crimean Tatar arqa, Karachay-Balkar аркъа (arqa), Kumyk аркъа (arqa), Bashkir арҡа (arqa), Azerbaijani arxa, Turkish arka, Western Yugur arqa, etc.


ус

From Proto-Turkic *ūŕ. Compare to Kyrgyz уз (uz, “master”).


тӧрт

head

тӧрт • (tört)


кир

From Proto-Turkic *kir. Cognate with Kazakh кір (kır), Kyrgyz кир (kir), Crimean Tatar kir, Karachay-Balkar кир (kir), Kumyk кир (kir), Bashkir кер (ker), Tatar кер (ker), Azerbaijani kir, Turkish kir, Uzbek kir, Uyghur كىر (kir), Tuvan хир (xir), etc.


арт

From Proto-Turkic *ārt (“back, rear back”).


карга

From Proto-Turkic *karga. Compare to Kazakh қарға (qarğa), Kyrgyz карга (karga), Crimean Tatar qarğa, Kumyk къаргъа (qarğa), Bashkir ҡарға (qarğa), Tatar карга (qarga), Azerbaijani qarğa, Turkish karga, Turkmen garga, Uzbek qargʻa, Uyghur قاغا (qagha), Shor қарға, etc.


таа

From Proto-Turkic *d(i)akï (“again, once more; additionally, plus”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (taqï, “more”); Tatar тагын (tağın), Kazakh тағы (tağy), Kyrgyz дагы (dagı), Uzbek tagʻin, Uzbek تېگى, Uyghur تېخى (tëxi), Turkmen dagy, Azerbaijani daha, Turkish daha (“more, in addition”).


сӧс

From Proto-Turkic *söŕ. Cognate with Kazakh сөз (söz), Nogai соьз (söz), Kyrgyz сөз (söz), Crimean Tatar söz, Kumyk сёз (söz), Bashkir һүҙ (hüź), Tatar сүз (süz), Azerbaijani söz, Turkish söz, Turkmen söz, Uzbek soʻz, Uyghur سۆز (söz), Khakas сӧс, Shor сӧс, Tuvan сөс (sös), Western Yugur süz, etc.


кӱскӱ

head

кӱскӱ • (küskü)

alt-noun

кӱскӱ • (küskü)

Ultimately a derivation from Proto-Turkic *köŕ (“eye”), whence кӧс (kös).


кӱн

kün (romanization)
кӱн (absolute singular)
кӱндер (absolute plural)
кӱнниҥ (definite genitive singular)
кӱндердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
кӱнге (dative singular)
кӱндерге (dative plural)
кӱнди (accusative definite singular)
кӱндерди (accusative definite plural)
кӱнде (locative singular)
кӱндерде (locative plural)
кӱннеҥ (ablative singular)
кӱндердеҥ (ablative plural)

From Kipchak کون (kün, “sun, day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”).


кӱзен

head

кӱзен • (küzen)

alt-noun

кӱзен • (küzen)

From Proto-Turkic *küŕen (“weasel, ferret”). Cognate with Bashkir көҙән (köźən).


тамыр

head

тамыр • (tamïr)

alt-noun

тамыр • (tamïr)

From Proto-Turkic *tạmur. Cognates with Kazakh тамыр (tamyr), Kyrgyz тамыр (tamır), Crimean Tatar tamır, Kumyk тамур (tamur), Azerbaijani damar, Turkish damar, Khakas тамыр (tamır), Western Yugur tamïr (“pulse”), etc.


чар

From Proto-Turkic *čar. Compare to Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone; tub”).


ол

From Proto-Turkic *ol (“he, she, it; that”).

he, she, it (third-person singular subject pronoun)


алтын

head

алтын • (altïn)


эл

el (romanization)
эл (absolute singular)
элдер (absolute plural)
элдиҥ (definite genitive singular)
элдердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
элге (dative singular)
элдерге (dative plural)
элди (accusative definite singular)
элдерди (accusative definite plural)
элде (locative singular)
элдерде (locative plural)
элдеҥ (ablative singular)
элдердеҥ (ablative plural)


кат

From Proto-Turkic *kat (“layer”). Cognate with Kazakh қат (qat), Kyrgyz кат (kat), Crimean Tatar qat, Karachay-Balkar къат (qat), Kumyk къат (qat), Bashkir ҡат (qat), Tatar кат (qat), Turkmen gat, Uzbek qat, Uyghur قات (qat), Shor қат, Western Yugur qat, etc.


кат

From Arabic خَطّ (ḵaṭṭ, “script; handwriting; written character”). Cognate with Kazakh хат (xat), Kyrgyz кат (kat), Kumyk хат (xat), Bashkir хат (xat), Tatar хат (xat), Turkmen hat, Uzbek xat, Uyghur خەت (xet), etc.


кат

From Proto-Turkic *Kat (“berry”). Cognate Kyrgyz кат (kat), Tuvan кат (kat), etc.


мал

From Arabic مَال (māl, “property, capital, stock”).


ар

From Persian هر (har). Cognate with Kazakh әр (är), Kyrgyz ар (ar), Kumyk гьар (har), Tatar här, Azerbaijani hər, Turkish her, Uzbek har, etc.


казна

From Arabic خَزِينَة (ḵazīna, “treasury”).
Cognate with
Tatar хәзинә (xäzinä),
Bashkir хазина (xazina), Bashkir ҡаҙна (qaźna),
Uzbek xazina,
Uyghur خەزىنە (xezine),
Turkmen hazyna,
Azerbaijani xəzinə,
Turkish hazine (“treasure”), etc.


јылдыс

head

јылдыс • (ǰïldïs)


бос

From Proto-Turkic *boŕ (“gray”).
Cognate with Kazakh боз (boz), Kyrgyz боз (boz), Crimean Tatar boz, Kumyk боз (boz), Azerbaijani boz, Turkish boz, Northern Altai пус (pus), etc.


бел

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄l. Cognate with
Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰠 (b²il², “waist”); Kazakh бел (bel), Kyrgyz бел (bel), Crimean Tatar bel, Kumyk бел (bel), Bashkir бил (bil), Tatar бил (bil), Turkish bel (“waist”), Uzbek bel, Uyghur بەل (bel, “waist”), etc.


ту

From Proto-Turkic *ti- (“that”). Cognate to Kyrgyz тиги (tigi), etc.


ас

From Proto-Turkic *āŕ (“few, little”). Cognate with Kazakh аз (az), Kyrgyz аз (az), Crimean Tatar az, Kumyk аз (az), Turkish az, Azerbaijani az, Turkmen az, Uzbek oz, Khakas ас (as), Shor ас, Tuvan ас (as), Western Yugur az, etc.


кожо

кожо • (kožo)

By surface analysis, кош- (koš-, verb stem) + -о (-o, vowel harmonic imperfective converb suffix). Cognate with Kyrgyz кошо (koşo), Kazakh қоса (qosa), etc.


кожо

head

кожо • (kožo)


ара

From Common Turkic *āra. Cognate with Kazakh ара (ara, “space”), Kyrgyz ара (ara), Crimean Tatar ara, Karaim ara, Karachay-Balkar ара (ara, “middle”), Kumyk ара (ara), Bashkir ара (ara), Tatar ара (ara), Azerbaijani ara, Turkish ara, Uzbek ora, Uyghur ara, Western Yugur ara, etc.


беш

From Proto-Turkic *bẹ̄ĺ(k) (“five”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰋𐱁 (b²š /beš/, “five”).


сен

From Proto-Turkic *sen (“thou, you”).
Cognate with Kazakh сен (sen), Kyrgyz сен (sen), Crimean Tatar sen, Kumyk сен (sen), Bashkir һин (hin), Tatar син (sin), Azerbaijani sən, Turkish sen, Turkmen sen, Uzbek sen, Shor сен, Tuvan сен (sen), Western Yugur sen, etc.


алып

алып • (alïp)

alt-noun

алып • (alïp)

From Proto-Turkic *alp. Compare to Turkish alp.


кан

kan (romanization)
кан (absolute singular-only)
кандыҥ (definite genitive singular-only)
канга (dative singular-only)
канды (accusative definite singular-only)
канда (locative singular-only)
кандаҥ (ablative singular-only)

Кан-Алтай ― Kan-Altay ― The Altai Republic/Krai


сары

head

сары • (sarï)

From Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). Compare Kazakh сары (sary), Kyrgyz сары (sarı), Crimean Tatar sarı, Kumyk сари (sari), Tatar сары (sarı), Azerbaijani sarı, Turkish sarı, Turkmen sary, Uzbek sariq, Uyghur سېرىق (sëriq), Shor сарығ, Tuvan сарыг (sarıg), Western Yugur sarïɣ, etc.


кызыл

кызыл • (kïzïl)

alt-adj

кызыл • (kïzïl)

From Proto-Turkic *kïŕïl (“red”). Cognate with Kazakh қызыл (qyzyl), Kumyk къызыл (qızıl), Kyrgyz кызыл (kızıl), Shor қызыл ,Western Yugur qïzïl, etc.


бала

From Proto-Turkic *bāla. Cognate with Kazakh бала (bala), Kyrgyz бала (bala), Crimean Tatar bala, Kumyk бала (bala), Shor пала, Western Yugur mïla, etc.


кече

head

кече • (keče)

alt-noun

кече • (keče)

From Proto-Turkic *kēče (“night, evening”). Compare to Kyrgyz кечээ (kecee), etc. See Also кеч (keč).


ат

at (romanization)
ат (absolute singular)
аттар (absolute plural)
аттыҥ (definite genitive singular)
аттардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
атка (dative singular)
аттарга (dative plural)
атты (accusative definite singular)
аттарды (accusative definite plural)
атта (locative singular)
аттарда (locative plural)
аттаҥ (ablative singular)
аттардаҥ (ablative plural)


јемиш

head

јемиш • (ǰemiš)

alt-noun

јемиш • (ǰemiš)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹ̄miĺč (“vegetable, fruit”). Compare Kyrgyz жемиш (jemiş), Tatar җимеш (cimeş), Bashkir емеш (yemeş), Kazakh жеміс (jemıs), Karakalpak jemis, Karachay-Balkar джемиш (cemiş), Kumyk емиш (yemiş), Turkish yemiş, Azerbaijani yemiş, Turkmen iýmiş, etc.


узак

From Proto-Turkic *uŕak, Cognate with Kazakh ұзақ (ūzaq), Kyrgyz узак (uzak), Crimean Tatar uzaq, Karachay-Balkar узакъ (uzaq), Kumyk узакъ (uzaq), Bashkir оҙаҡ (oźaq), Tatar озак (ozaq), Azerbaijani uzaq, Turkish uzak, Turkmen uzak, Uzbek uzoq, Uyghur ئۇزاق (uzaq), etc.


узун

From Proto-Turkic *uŕï-n (“long”). Cognate with Kazakh ұзын (ūzyn), Kyrgyz узун (uzun), Crimean Tatar uzun, Kumyk узун (uzun), Azerbaijani uzun, Turkish uzun, Turkmen uzyn, Uzbek uzun, Uyghur ئۇزۇن (uzun), Shor узун, Tuvan узун (uzun), Western Yugur uzen ,uzin, etc.


сыйыр

head

сыйыр • (sïyïr)

alt-noun

сыйыр • (sïyïr)


терек

From Proto-Turkic *dẹrek (“poplar”).
Derivation from Persian درخت (deraxt, “tree”) has also been suggested.
Cognate with Kazakh терек (terek), Kyrgyz терек (terek), Bashkir тирәк (tirək), Kumyk терек (terek, “tree”) ,Uzbek terak, Uyghur терәк (tërek), Khakas тирек (tirek), Chulym тӓрӓк (täräk, “poplar”), Shor терек, Tuvan терек (terek), Yakut тирэх (tireq, “poplar”), etc.


бежен

head

бежен • (bežen)

By surface analysis, беш (beš, “five”) + он (on, “ten”).


сегис

From Proto-Turkic *sekiz (“eight”). Cognate with Kazakh сегіз (segız), Kyrgyz сегиз (segiz), Old Turkic 𐰾𐰚𐰔 (sekiz), Uzbek sakkiz, Turkish sekiz.


јӱрек

head

јӱрек • (ǰürek)

alt-noun

јӱрек • (ǰürek)


јай

From Proto-Turkic *yāy (“summer”). Cognate with Kyrgyz жай (jay).


јымыртка

head

јымыртка • (ǰïmïrtka)

alt-noun

јымыртка • (ǰïmïrtka)

From Proto-Turkic *yumurtka, from јымырт (ǰïmïrt).


јастык

head

јастык • (ǰastïk)

alt-noun

јастык • (ǰastïk)

From earlier *ǰaztuq < *yaztuq, from Proto-Turkic *yạŕtuk (“pillow”). Cognate with Turkish yastık (“pillow”).


јарым

head

јарым • (ǰarïm)

alt-adj

јарым • (ǰarïm)


јарым

head

јарым • (ǰarïm)

alt-noun

јарым • (ǰarïm)


јылан

head

јылан • (ǰïlan)

alt-noun

јылан • (ǰïlan)

ǰïlan (romanization)
јылан (absolute singular)
јыландар (absolute plural)
јыланныҥ (definite genitive singular)
јыландардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
јыланга (dative singular)
јыландарга (dative plural)
јыланды (accusative definite singular)
јыландарды (accusative definite plural)
јыланда (locative singular)
јыландарда (locative plural)
јыланнаҥ (ablative singular)
јыландардаҥ (ablative plural)


тос

From Proto-Turkic *tōŕ (“birchbark”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (toz, “birchbark”),
Kazakh тоз (toz, “birchbark”),
Kyrgyz тоз (toz, “birch polypore”),
Bashkir туҙ (tuź, “birchbark”),
Khakas тос (tos, “birchbark”),
Yakut туос (tuos, “birchbark”),etc.


бӧрӱ

head

бӧрӱ • (börü)

alt-noun

бӧрӱ • (börü)


сӧӧк

head

сӧӧк • (söök)

alt-noun

сӧӧк • (söök)

From Proto-Turkic *siŋük.
list of cognates
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (söŋük), Kyrgyz сөөк (söök), Karakalpak su'yek, Kazakh сүйек (süiek), Nogai суьек (süyek), Crimean Tatar süyek, Karachay-Balkar сюек (süyek), Kumyk сюек (süyek), Bashkir һөйәк (höyək), Tatar сөяк (söyak), Uzbek suyak, Uyghur سۆڭەك (sö'ngek), Azerbaijani sümük, Turkmen süňk, Khakas сӧӧк, Tuvan сөөк (söök), Yakut уҥуох (uñuoq), Dolgan оӈуок, etc.
Semantically compare also Buryat яһан (jahan, “bone; clan”).


кожоҥ

head

кожоҥ • (kožoŋ)

alt-noun

кожоҥ • (kožoŋ)

Compare to Karakalpak qosıq, Kazakh қосық (qosyq, “(dial), Literatur Song”), etc.


ӧлӱм

head

ӧлӱм • (ölüm)

alt-noun

ӧлӱм • (ölüm)


ӧргӧӧ

head

ӧргӧӧ • (örgöö)

alt-noun

ӧргӧӧ • (örgöö)


кӱнчыгыш

head

кӱнчыгыш • (künčïgïš)

alt-noun

кӱнчыгыш • (künčïgïš)

Compare to Bashkir көнсығыш (könsığış, “east”).


кумдус

From Proto-Turkic *kunduŕ (“beaver; otter”).


мӧҥӱн

head

мӧҥӱн • (möŋün)

alt-noun

мӧҥӱн • (möŋün)


тийиҥ

head

тийиҥ • (tiyiŋ)

alt-noun

тийиҥ • (tiyiŋ)


самын

head

самын • (samïn)

alt-noun

самын • (samïn)


сӧзлик

head

сӧзлик • (sözlik)

alt-noun

сӧзлик • (sözlik)

From сӧс (sös) +лик (lik).
Compare to Tatar сүзлек (süzlek).


тӱштӱк

head

тӱштӱк • (tüštük)

alt-noun

тӱштӱк • (tüštük)


тӱндӱк

head

тӱндӱк • (tündük)

alt-noun

тӱндӱк • (tündük)

Cognate with Northern Altai тӱндӱк (tündük).


мӱӱс

head

мӱӱс • (müüs)

alt-noun

мӱӱс • (müüs)

From Proto-Turkic *büjŋüŕ (“horn”), front vowel variant of *bujŋuŕ. Cognate with Bashkir мөгөҙ (mögöź, “horn”), Chuvash мӑйрака (măjrak̬a, “horn”), Turkish boynuz (“horn”).


кӱмӱш

head

кӱмӱш • (kümüš)

alt-noun

кӱмӱш • (kümüš)

From Proto-Turkic *kümüĺ. Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐱁 (kümüš, “silver”), Old Uyghur kwymwš (kümüš, “silver”), Karakhanid كُمُشْ (kümüš, “silver”), Chuvash кӗмӗл (kĕmĕl, “silver”).


мешке

head

мешке • (meške)

alt-noun

мешке • (meške)

Compare to
Tatar мәшкә (mäşkä), мәшкәк (mäşkäk, “mushroom, fungus”),
Bashkir бәшмәк (bəşmək, “mushroom”),
Chulym мӓшкӓ (mäškä, “mushroom”),
Shor мешке (meške, “mushroom”),
Khakas миске (miske, “mushroom”).


мааны

head

мааны • (maanï)

alt-noun

мааны • (maanï)

From Proto-Turkic. Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (manu, “wild cat”), etc.


теҥис

head

теҥис • (teŋis)

alt-noun

теҥис • (teŋis)

From Common Turkic *teŋiz (“lake, sea”), from Proto-Turkic *teŋiŕ. Cognate to Kyrgyz деңиз (deŋiz), Karaim tengiz, Karachay-Balkar тенгиз (teñiz), Kumyk денгиз (deñiz), Karakalpak teńiz, Kazakh теңіз (teñız), Nogai денъиз (deñiz), Bashkir дингеҙ (dingeź), Tatar диңгез (diñgez), etc. Also, Compare Mongolian teŋgis (“ocean”).


оос

From Proto-Turkic *agɨŕ. Cognate with
Old Turkic 𐰍𐰕 (ǧz /aɣïz/, “mouth”),
Khakas, Shor, Tuvan аас (aas),
Kazakh ауыз (auyz),
Kyrgyz ооз (ooz),
Bashkir ауыҙ (awıź),
Karachay-Balkar аууз (awuz),
Kumyk авуз (awuz),
Nogai, Tatar авыз (awız),
Uzbek ogʻiz,
Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Turkish ağız,
Gagauz aaz, Turkmen agyz (“mouth”), etc.


мӧндӱр

head

мӧндӱр • (möndür)

alt-noun

мӧндӱр • (möndür)

möndür (romanization)
мӧндӱр (absolute singular)
мӧндӱрлер (absolute plural)
мӧндӱрдиҥ (definite genitive singular)
мӧндӱрлердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
мӧндӱрге (dative singular)
мӧндӱрлерге (dative plural)
мӧндӱрди (accusative definite singular)
мӧндӱрлерди (accusative definite plural)
мӧндӱрде (locative singular)
мӧндӱрлерде (locative plural)
мӧндӱрдеҥ (ablative singular)
мӧндӱрлердеҥ (ablative plural)

alt-decl-noun

мӧндӱрлердиҥ

мӧндӱрлердеҥ

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡏᡈᠨᡑᡈᠷ (möndör, “hail”), from Proto-Mongolic *möndür (“hail”). Compare Kyrgyz мөндүр (möndür), Shor мӱндӱр (mündür); Kalmyk мөндр (möndr), Buryat мүндэр (münder), Mongolian мөндөр (möndör).


тизе

From Proto-Turkic *tīŕ, *tǖŕ. Compare Kyrgyz тизе (tize), Turkish diz.


сарын

head

сарын • (sarïn)

alt-noun

сарын • (sarïn)

From Proto-Turkic *sarïn (“song, sad song”).


камыш

head

камыш • (kamïš)

alt-noun

камыш • (kamïš)

From Proto-Turkic *kamïĺ (“reed”). Cognate with Kazakh қамыс (qamys), Crimean Tatar qamış, Karachay-Balkar къамуш (qamuş), Kumyk къамиш (qamiş), Kyrgyz камыш (kamış), Uzbek qamish, Uyghur комуш (komush),Turkmen gamyş, Azerbaijani qamış, Turkish kamış, Western Yugur qamïš, Yakut хомус (qomus), etc.


куйрук

From Proto-Turkic *kudruk (“tail”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰑𐰺𐰆𐰸 (qudruq, “tail”), Turkish kuyruk (“tail”).


чочко

head

чочко • (čočko)

alt-noun

чочко • (čočko)


токой

Compare to Bashkir туғай (tuğay, “forest, river meadow”).


чындык

head

чындык • (čïndïk)

alt-noun

чындык • (čïndïk)


кудук

From Proto-Turkic *Kud-uɣ, compare Turkish kuyu.


тарых

head

тарых • (tarïh)

alt-noun

тарых • (tarïh)

From Persian تاریخ (târix), from Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ).

der

Arabic تَارِيخ (tārīḵ)


уйку

From Proto-Turkic *ūdɨ-ku (“sleep”), from Proto-Turkic *ūdɨ- (“to sleep”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (uyqu, “sleep”);
Kazakh ұйқы (ūiqy),
Kyrgyz уйку (uyku),
Kumyk юху (yuxu),
Karachay-Balkar джукъу (cuqu),
Khakas уйғу (uyğu),
Tuvan уйгу (uygu),
Uzbek uyqu,
Crimean Tatar yuqu,
Turkmen uky,
Turkish uyku,
Azerbaijani yuxu,
Chuvash ыйхӑ (yjh̬ă, “sleep”).


кийим

From *kedim (“clothes, clothing”),
from Proto-Turkic *ked- (“to put on/wear clothes”).
Cognate to Old Uyghur kedim (clothes);
Bashkir кейем (keyem),
Tatar кием (kiyem),
Kazakh киім (kiım),
Kyrgyz кийим (kiyim),
Crimean Tatar kiyim,
Kumyk гийим (giyim),
Uzbek kiyim,
Turkmen geýim,
Turkish giyim (“clothes, clothing”), Tofa кедім, etc.


каш

From Proto-Turkic *kāĺ (“eyebrow; edge”). Cognate with Kazakh қас (qas), Kyrgyz каш (kaş), Crimean Tatar qaş, Kumyk къаш (qaş), Bashkir ҡаш (qaş), Tatar каш (qaş), Azerbaijani qaş, Turkish kaş. Turkmen gāş, Uzbek qosh, Uyghur قاش (qash), Yakut хаас (qaas), etc.


кеч

From Proto-Turkic *kēče (“night, evening”).


чалкан

head

чалкан • (čalkan)

alt-noun

чалкан • (čalkan)


кайа

From Proto-Turkic *k(i)aya (“cliff”).
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (kaya, “rock”); Old Uyghur [script needed] (kaya); Bashkir ҡая (qaya, “rock, cliff”), Crimean Tatar qaya (“rock, cliff”), Kumyk къая (qaya), Azerbaijani qaya (“rock”),Turkish kaya, Turkmen gaýa (“rock, cliff”),Uzbek qoya (“rock, cliff”), Khakas хая (xaya, “rock”), Shor қайа, Tuvan хая (xaya, “rock”), Yakut хайа (qaya, “mountain”), etc.


туу

tuu (romanization)
туу (absolute singular)
туулар (absolute plural)
тууныҥ (definite genitive singular)
туулардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
тууга (dative singular)
тууларга (dative plural)
тууды (accusative definite singular)
тууларды (accusative definite plural)
тууда (locative singular)
тууларда (locative plural)
туудаҥ (ablative singular)
туулардаҥ (ablative plural)


туу

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tugur-); Uzbek tugʻ, Azerbaijani doğ, etc.

second-person singular imperative of туур (tuur, “to give birth to; to lay [of birds]”)


чикир

head

чикир • (čikir)

alt-noun

чикир • (čikir)

Borrowed from Mongolian чихэр (čixer), itself from Persian شکر (šakar) via Turkic, ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā, “ground or candied sugar, originally meaning grit, gravel”).


шикир

head

шикир • (šikir)

alt-noun

шикир • (šikir)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *šiker, probably via Oirat.


туус

From Proto-Turkic *tïgïŕ (“narrow, compact, firm”).


јал

From Proto-Turkic *yāl (“mane”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (jal, “mane”);
Kazakh жал (jal),
Kumyk ял (yal),
Kyrgyz жал (jal),
Uzbek yol,
Uyghur يال (yal),
Turkmen ýal,
Azerbaijani yal (“mane”), etc.


јер

From Proto-Turkic *jer. Cognate with Kyrgyz жер (jer), Kazakh жер (jer), Karachay-Balkar джер (cer), Kumyk ер (yer), Tatar cir, Azerbaijani yer, Turkish yer, Salar yir, Uzbek yer; Shor чер (cer), Khakas чир (çir), Tuvan чер (çer), Yakut сир (sir), Chuvash ҫӗр (śĕr), etc.


Алтай

Altay (romanization)
Алтай (absolute singular)
Алтайлар (absolute plural)
Алтайдыҥ (definite genitive singular)
Алтайлардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
Алтайга (dative singular)
Алтайларга (dative plural)
Алтайды (accusative definite singular)
Алтайларды (accusative definite plural)
Алтайда (locative singular)
Алтайларда (locative plural)
Алтайдаҥ (ablative singular)
Алтайлардаҥ (ablative plural)

Altay, Altai (a mountain range in Central Asia); see Altai Mountains

A city in Altay prefecture, Xinjiang, China

East Kazakhstan Region
w:East Kazakhstan Region

A town in the East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan

Govi-Altai Province
w:Govi-Altai Province

The capital city of Govi-Altai Province, Mongolia


кас

From earlier *qaz, from Proto-Turkic *kāŕ (“goose”). Cognate with Kazakh қаз (qaz), Kyrgyz каз (kaz), Crimean Tatar qaz, Karachay-Balkar къаз (qaz), Kumyk къаз (qaz), Bashkir ҡаҙ (qaź), Tatar каз (qaz), Azerbaijani qaz, Turkish kaz (“goose”), Turkmen gaz, Uzbek g'oz, Uyghur غاز (ghaz), Shor қас, Tuvan кас (kas), Western Yugur qaz, etc.


јети

head

јети • (ǰeti)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹt(t)i (“seven”), while intervocalic -т- (-t-) remained voiceless due to original gemination.
Cognate with Kyrgyz жети (jeti), Kazakh жеті (jetı), Bashkir ете (yete) Tatar җиде (cide), Karachay-Balkar джети (ceti), Kumyk етти (yetti), Crimean Tatar yedi, Uyghur يەتتە (yette), Uzbek yetti, Turkish yedi, Salar yide, Azerbaijani yeddi, Turkmen ýedi, Shor четти (cetti), Khakas читі (çitì), Tuvan чеди (çedi), Tofa чеді (cedì), Yakut сэттэ (sette), Chuvash ҫиччӗ (śiččĕ), etc.


ур

From Proto-Turkic *ur. Cognate with Kazakh ұра (ūra), Nogai уры (urı), Kyrgyz ур (ur), Tatar оры (orı), Azerbaijani ur, Turkish ur, Yakut ур (ur), etc.


кой

From Proto-Turkic; cognate with Kazakh қой (qoi), Uzbek qo'y, Azerbaijani qoyun, Turkmen goýun, Turkish koyun.


тек

From Common Turkic *tēk, Proto-Turkic *tēk.


кул

From Proto-Turkic *kul, compare Turkish kul.


чой

Cognate with
Karakhanid جُوذِن (čoδïn, “copper”);
Tatar чуен (çuyen),
Kazakh шойын (şoiyn),
Kyrgyz чоюн (coyun),
Kumyk чоюн (çoyun),
Karachay-Balkar чоюн (çoyun),
Tuvan шой (şoy),
Shor шойун (šoyun),
Uzbek choʻyan,
Uyghur چويۇن (choyun, “cast iron”).


кӱндӱс

кӱндӱс • (kündüs)

alt-noun

кӱндӱс • (kündüs)


айу

From Proto-Turkic *adïg. Compare to Kyrgyz аюу (ayuu), Turkish ayı, etc.


тӱлкӱ

head

тӱлкӱ • (tülkü)

alt-noun

тӱлкӱ • (tülkü)

From Proto-Turkic *tülki. Compare to Kyrgyz түлкү (tülkü), etc.


койон

koyon (romanization)
койон (absolute singular)
койондор (absolute plural)
койонныҥ (definite genitive singular)
койондордыҥ (definite genitive plural)
койонго (dative singular)
койондорго (dative plural)
койонды (accusative definite singular)
койондорды (accusative definite plural)
койондо (locative singular)
койондордо (locative plural)
койонноҥ (ablative singular)
койондордоҥ (ablative plural)


тамчы

head

тамчы • (tamčï)

alt-noun

тамчы • (tamčï)

From *tamčï (“water drop”), from Proto-Turkic *tam- (“to drip”).


тӱдӱн

head

тӱдӱн • (tüdün)

alt-noun

тӱдӱн • (tüdün)


булут

From Kipchak بلت (bulut), Proto-Turkic *bulït.
Compare Turkish bulut, Yakut былыт (bılıt).


сабар

Borrowed from Proto-Mongolic *sabar (“claw”), compare Mongolian савар (savar, “claw”).


јааш

head

јааш • (ǰaaš)

alt-noun

јааш • (ǰaaš)


јаҥмыр

head

јаҥмыр • (ǰaŋmïr)

alt-noun

јаҥмыр • (ǰaŋmïr)

From Proto-Turkic *yag-mur. Cognate with Bashkir ямғыр (yamğır), Kazakh жаңбыр (jañbyr), Kyrgyz жамгыр (jamgır), Khakas наңмыр (nañmır), Shor нағбур.


салкын

head

салкын • (salkïn)


јел

ǰel (romanization)
јел (absolute singular)
јелдер (absolute plural)
јелдиҥ (definite genitive singular)
јелдердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
јелге (dative singular)
јелдерге (dative plural)
јелди (accusative definite singular)
јелдерди (accusative definite plural)
јелде (locative singular)
јелдерде (locative plural)
јелдеҥ (ablative singular)
јелдердеҥ (ablative plural)


бек

From Proto-Turkic *bek (“firm, solid, stable”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (bek, “firm, solid; very”); Uyghur بەك (bek, “very”), Bashkir бик (bik, “very”), Turkish pek (“much, very”), etc.


башка

head

башка • (baška)

Compare to Kyrgyz башка (başka), Kazakh басқа (basqa), Uzbek boshqa, Turkish başka, etc.


агар

From Proto-Turkic *ak-, Proto-Turkic *iak- (“to flow”). Cognate with Kazakh ағу (ağu), Kyrgyz агуу (aguu), Kumyk акъмакъ (aqmaq), Azerbaijani axmaq, Turkish akmak, Shor ағарға, Uzbek oqmoq, etc.


куу

From Proto-Turkic *kugu. Cognate with Kazakh қу (qu), Kyrgyz куу (kuu), Kumyk къув (quw), Azerbaijani qu, Turkish kuğu, Turkmen guw, Shor қуу, Tuvan куу (kuu), etc.


таш

From Proto-Turkic *tiāĺ (“stone”), Cognate with Kazakh тас (tas), Kyrgyz таш (taş), Crimean Tatar taş, Karaim taš, Kumyk таш (taş), Tatar таш (taş), Azerbaijani daş, Turkish taş, Turkmen daş, Uzbek tosh, Khakas тас (tas), Shor таш, Western Yugur tas, etc.


ылаачын

ылаачын • (ïlaačïn)

alt-noun

ылаачын • (ïlaačïn)


јар

From Proto-Turkic *jār (“steep bank, shore”).
Cognate with
Kazakh жар (jar, “steep bank”), Kumyk яр (yar, “rock, cliff”),
Uyghur يار (yar, “steep bank; cliff, ravine”),
Khakas чар (çar, “bank, shore”),
Turkish yar (“cliff”),
Yakut сыыр (sıır, “hill”),
Chuvash ҫыр (śyr),
etc.


јар

From Proto-Turkic *jar (“order; announcement; law, justice”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (jar, “order, instruction”);
Kazakh жар (jar, “herald's message”),
Kyrgyz жар (jar, “herald's message; call, announcement”),
Tuvan чар (çar, “announcement”),
etc.


јара

head

јара • (ǰara)

alt-noun

јара • (ǰara)

From Proto-Turkic *yara. Compare to Kazakh жара (jara), Kumyk яра (yara), Uyghur يارا (yara), etc.


алар

From Proto-Turkic *ạl- (“to take”). Cognate with Kazakh алу (alu), Kyrgyz алуу (aluu), Bashkir алыу (alıw), Turkish almak, Crimean Tatar almaq, Shor аларға, Tuvan алыр (alır), Turkmen almak, Urum алуу, Uzbek olmoq, Western Yugur al-, Yakut ыл (ıl), etc.


тату

From Proto-Turkic *dāt (“good taste”). Cognate with Kazakh тәтті (tättı), Nogai таьтли (tätli), Kyrgyz таттуу (tattuu), Crimean Tatar tatlı, Kumyk татли (tatli), Tatar татлы (tatlı), Azerbaijani dadlı, Turkish tatlı, Turkmen datly, Uzbek totli, Western Yugur tatïɣ, / tattïɣ, etc.


байрам

From Proto-Turkic *bayram (“feast, festivity”).
Cognate with
Tatar бәйрәм (bäyräm),
Kazakh мейрам (meiram),
Kyrgyz майрам (mayram),
Khakas пайрам (payram),
Azerbaijani bayram,
Turkish bayram, etc.


быштак

head

быштак • (bïštak)

From Proto-Turkic *biĺč- (“to become boiled, ripe”). Cognate with Kyrgyz быштак (bıştak), Karachay-Balkar бышлакъ (bışlaq)/ бишлакъ (bişlaq), Kumyk бишлакъ (bişlaq),
Uzbek pishloq, Uyghur پىشلاق (pishlaq), Soyot :пыъштак, Shor пыжлақ (pïžlaq), Tuvan быштак (bıştak), Siberian Tatar пышлаҡ (pışlaq).


батша

head

батша • (batša)

alt-noun

батша • (batša)

batša (romanization)
батша (absolute singular)
батшалар (absolute plural)
батшаныҥ (definite genitive singular)
батшалардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
батшага (dative singular)
батшаларга (dative plural)
батшаны (accusative definite singular)
батшаларды (accusative definite plural)
батшада (locative singular)
батшаларда (locative plural)
батшадаҥ (ablative singular)
батшалардаҥ (ablative plural)

From Persian پادشاه (pâdešâh, pâdšâh). Cognate with Azerbaijani padşah, Kazakh патша (patşa).


кеме

From Proto-Turkic *gẹ̄mi (“boat, vessel”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (kemä, “boat”); Kazakh кеме (keme), Kumyk геме (geme), Tatar көймә (köymä),
Kyrgyz кеме (keme, “ship”),
Uzbek kema (“ship”),
Chulym кӓмӓ (kämä, “boat”),
Shor кебе (kebe, “boat”),
Tuvan хеме (xeme, “boat”),
Azerbaijani gəmi, Turkish gemi


садар

Morphologically сат- (sat-) + -ар (-ar). From Proto-Turkic *sat-. Cognate with Kazakh сату (satu), Kyrgyz сатуу (satuu), Crimean Tatar satmaq, Kumyk сатмакъ (satmaq), Azerbaijani satmaq, Turkish satmak, Turkmen satmak, Uzbek sotmoq, Khakas садарға (sadarğa), Shor садарға, Tuvan садар (sadar), Western Yugur sat-, etc.

Shor садарға


сал

From Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”).
Cognate with Bashkir һал (hal), Kyrgyz сал (sal), Kazakh сал (sal), Uzbek sol, Uyghur سال (sal), Azerbaijani sal, Turkish sal (“raft”), Turkmen sal, Tuvan сал (sal), Yakut аал (aal), etc.


саар

From Proto-Turkic *sag-. Cognate with Azerbaijani sağmaq (“to milk”), Kazakh сауу (sauu, “to milk”), Kyrgyz саа (saa), Turkmen sagmak (“to milk”), Tuvan саар (saar, “to milk”), Uzbek sogʻmoq (“to milk”), Yakut ыа (ıa, “to milk”).


куш

From Proto-Turkic *kuĺ (“bird”). Cognate with Kazakh құс (qūs), Kyrgyz куш (kuş), Crimean Tatar quş, Karaim kuš, Kumyk къуш (quş), Bashkir ҡош (qoş), Tatar кош (qoş), Azerbaijani quş, Turkish kuş, Turkmen guş, Uzbek qush, Uyghur قۇش (qush), Shor қуш, Tuvan куш (kuş), Western Yugur qus,etc.


тыҥ

From Proto-Turkic *dɨŋ. Compare to Kyrgyz тың (tıŋ).


кумак

kumak (romanization)
кумак (absolute singular)
кумактар (absolute plural)
кумактыҥ (definite genitive singular)
кумактардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
кумакка (dative singular)
кумактарга (dative plural)
кумакты (accusative definite singular)
кумактарды (accusative definite plural)
кумакта (locative singular)
кумактарда (locative plural)
кумактаҥ (ablative singular)
кумактардаҥ (ablative plural)


сайын

head

сайын • (sayïn)

From Proto-Turkic *sāyïn (“every; each time...”), derived from Proto-Turkic *sā(y)- (“to count”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (sajïn, “every, each”);
Tatar саен (sayen),
Kazakh сайын (saiyn),
Bashkir һайын (hayın),
Uzbek sayin (“every; the more, etc.”).


тал

From Proto-Turkic *tal (“Salix spp.”). See the Bashkir entry above, as well as Yakut талах (talaq).


бай

From Proto-Turkic *bāy (“rich, noble; many, numerous”). Cognate with Turkish bay.


тус

From earlier *tuz, from Proto-Turkic *tūŕ (“salt”). Cognate with Kazakh тұз (tūz), Kyrgyz туз (tuz), Crimean Tatar tuz, Kumyk туз (tuz), Bashkir тоҙ (toź), Tatar тоз (toz), Azerbaijani duz, Turkish tuz, Turkmen duz, Uzbek tuz, Uyghur تۇز (tuz), Shor тус, Tuvan дус (dus), Western Yugur tuz, etc.


тере

From Proto-Turkic *tẹri (“skin”). Cognate with Kazakh терi (teri), Karachay-Balkar тери (teri), Kumyk тери (teri), Kyrgyz тери (teri), Bashkir тире (tire), Uzbek teri, Uyghur تېرە (tëre), Yakut тирии (tirii), Turkmen deri, Azerbaijani dəri, Turkish deri (“skin”).


сака

From Proto-Turkic *siaka. Cognate to Kazakh сақа (saqa, “cue ball”), Kumyk сакъа (saqa, “cue ball”), Uyghur saqa (“cue ball”), etc.


јака

head

јака • (ǰaka)

alt-noun

јака • (ǰaka)

From Proto-Turkic *yaka (“edge; collar”).
Cognate with Kazakh жаға (jağa, “collar”), Kyrgyz жака (jaka, “collar; shore, bank”), Crimean Tatar yaqa, Kumyk ягъа (yağa), Bashkir яҡа (yaqa), Tatar яка (yaka), Uzbek yoqa (“collar; side; shore, bank”), Uyghur ياقا (yaqa), Azerbaijani yaxa, Turkmen ýaka, Turkish yaka (“collar”), Khakas чаға (çağa, “trousers/pants' belt; edge”), Shor чаға, Yakut саҕа (sağa, “collar; edge”), etc.


бу

From Proto-Turkic *bu (“this”). Cognate with Turkish bu (“this”).


эне

from Proto-Turkic *eńe (“mother”), a front vowel parallel to *ana (“mother”).
Cognate with Bashkir инәй (inəy, “mother; address to old woman”), Tatar әни (äni, “mother”), Kyrgyz эне (ene), Kazakh ене (ene, “mother-in-law”), Yakut ийе (iye, “mother”); Khakas иней (iney, “old woman”), etc.


ӧ

The nineteenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


сур

From Proto-Turkic *sūr. Compare to Kazakh сұр (sūr, “light brown”), Kyrgyz сур (sur),Karaim sur (“reddish brown”), Kumyk сюр (sür, “light brown”), Bashkir һоро (horo), Tatar соры (sorı), Uzbek sur, Turkmen sūr, etc.


чий

From Common Turkic *čïy, *čïy-ïk (“wet, soaking, moist; dew; moisture; raw”). Cognate with Kumyk чий (çiy).


ҥ

The seventeenth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


тил

From Proto-Turkic *til, *tïl (“tongue; language”).


кулун

From Proto-Turkic *kulun, compare Turkish kulun.


шайтан

head

шайтан • (šaytan)

alt-noun

шайтан • (šaytan)

From Arabic شَيْطَان (šayṭān, “Satan”). Cognate with Kazakh сайтан (saitan), шайтан (şaitan), Kyrgyz шайтан (şaytan), Crimean Tatar şeytan, Kumyk шайтан (şaytan), Azerbaijani şeytan, Turkish şeytan, Turkmen şeýtan, Uzbek shayton, Uyghur شەيتان (sheytan), etc.


солун

solun (romanization)
solundar (romanization)


ӧштӱ

head

ӧштӱ • (öštü)

alt-noun

ӧштӱ • (öštü)

öštü (romanization)
ӧштӱ (absolute singular)
ӧштӱлер (absolute plural)
ӧштӱниҥ (definite genitive singular)
ӧштӱлердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
ӧштӱге (dative singular)
ӧштӱлерге (dative plural)
ӧштӱни (accusative definite singular)
ӧштӱлерди (accusative definite plural)
ӧштӱде (locative singular)
ӧштӱлерде (locative plural)
ӧштӱдеҥ (ablative singular)
ӧштӱлердеҥ (ablative plural)


эрчим

head

эрчим • (erčim)

alt-noun

эрчим • (erčim)

erčim (romanization)
эрчим (absolute singular)
эрчимдер (absolute plural)
эрчимниҥ (definite genitive singular)
эрчимдердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
эрчимге (dative singular)
эрчимдерге (dative plural)
эрчимди (accusative definite singular)
эрчимдерди (accusative definite plural)
эрчимде (locative singular)
эрчимдерде (locative plural)
эрчимнеҥ (ablative singular)
эрчимдердеҥ (ablative plural)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡄᠷᡔᡅᡏ (ercim). Compare also Kalmyk эрчм (erçm), Buryat эршэм (eršem), Mongolian эрчим (erčim).


ӧй

From Proto-Turkic *öd (“time”). Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰇𐰓 (öd, “time”).


ӧй

From *ögäy "step-", probably derived from Proto-Turkic *ög (“mother”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur ögäj (“step-”);
Tatar үги (ügi, “step-”),
Kazakh өгей (ögei, “step-”),
Kyrgyz өгөй (ögöy, “step-”),
Kumyk оьгей (ögey, “step-”),
Crimean Tatar ögey (“step-”),
Uzbek oʻgay (“step-”),
Uyghur ئوگەي (ogey, “step-”),
Turkish üvey (“step-”),
Khakas ӧӧй (“step-”).


эжик

head

эжик • (ežik)

alt-noun

эжик • (ežik)

From Proto-Turkic *ēĺü-k (“door”).
Cognate with
Old Turkic 𐰀𐱁𐰚 (ešik, “door”),
Bashkir ишек (işek), Kazakh есік (esık), Kyrgyz эшик (eşik), Shor эжик, Western Yugur sïq, Turkish eşik, Uzbek eshik, etc.


бичик

head

бичик • (bičik) (plural бичиктер)

bičik (romanization)
бичиктер (plural)
бичик (absolute singular)
бичиктер (absolute plural)
бичиктиҥ (definite genitive singular)
бичиктердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
бичикке (dative singular)
бичиктерге (dative plural)
бичикти (accusative definite singular)
бичиктерди (accusative definite plural)
бичикте (locative singular)
бичиктерде (locative plural)
бичиктеҥ (ablative singular)
бичиктердеҥ (ablative plural)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ (bicig).


кӧзнӧк

head

кӧзнӧк • (köznök)

alt-noun

кӧзнӧк • (köznök)

köznök (romanization)
кӧзнӧк (absolute singular)
кӧзнӧктӧр (absolute plural)
кӧзнӧктиҥ (definite genitive singular)
кӧзнӧктӧрдиҥ (definite genitive plural)
кӧзнӧккӧ (dative singular)
кӧзнӧктӧргӧ (dative plural)
кӧзнӧкти (accusative definite singular)
кӧзнӧктӧрди (accusative definite plural)
кӧзнӧктӧ (locative singular)
кӧзнӧктӧрдӧ (locative plural)
кӧзнӧктӧҥ (ablative singular)
кӧзнӧктӧрдӧҥ (ablative plural)

alt-decl-noun

кӧзнӧктӧрдиҥ

кӧзнӧктӧрдӧҥ

Compare to Old Turkic [script needed] (közünük, “window (?)”) (in Irk Bitig);
Kyrgyz көзөнөк (közönök, “opening, hole”), Bashkir күҙәнәк (küźənək, “window”),
Uzbek koʻzanak (“opening; pore, cell”),
Uyghur كوزنەك (koznek, “cell; honeycomb; small ventilation window”),
Turkmen gözenek (“bars, grating, lattice”), Northern Altai кӧзнек (köznek), кӧзенек (közenek),
Khakas кӧзенек (“window”),
Tuvan көзенек (közenek, “window”).


кыймык

head

кыймык • (kïymïk)

alt-noun

кыймык • (kïymïk)

Compare to Kyrgyz кыймыл (kıymıl, “movement”), Kazakh қимыл (qimyl).


кижи

head

кижи • (kiži) (plural кижилер)

kiži (romanization)
кижилер (plural)
кижи (absolute singular)
кижилер (absolute plural)
кижиниҥ (definite genitive singular)
кижилердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
кижиге (dative singular)
кижилерге (dative plural)
кижини (accusative definite singular)
кижилерди (accusative definite plural)
кижиде (locative singular)
кижилерде (locative plural)
кижидеҥ (ablative singular)
кижилердеҥ (ablative plural)

From Common Turkic *kiši (“person, people”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃 (kiši, “person”).


адалгыш

адалгыш • (adalgïš)

alt-noun

адалгыш • (adalgïš)


адалгы

head

адалгы • (adalgï)

alt-noun

адалгы • (adalgï)


тӱӱр

head

тӱӱр • (tüür)


аракызак

аракызак • (arakïzak)

alt-noun

аракызак • (arakïzak)


амаду

From Proto-Turkic *um-. Compare to Turkish amaç.


кӱчӱк

head

кӱчӱк • (küčük)

alt-noun

кӱчӱк • (küčük)

possibly from Proto-Turkic *kičük (“small”).
Cognate with
Kazakh күшік (küşık, “puppy”), Kyrgyz күчүк (kücük, “puppy; evolved bud”), Karachay-Balkar кючюк (küçük, “puppy”), Bashkir көчөк (köçök, “puppy”),
Uzbek kuchuk (“puppy”), Uyghur كۇچۇك (kuchuk, “puppy”), Turkmen güjük (“puppy”);
also
Khakas кӱӌӱгес (kücüges, “puppy”), Chulym кӱчӱгӓч (küčügäč, “puppy”),
etc.


аракы

head

аракы • (arakï)

alt-noun

аракы • (arakï)

From *araqï (“vodka”), from Persian عَرَق ('araq, “alcoholic drink”),
from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “raisin loquor”), from عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa, “water down, dilute a drink”).
Cognate with
Kumyk гьаракъы (haraqı, “vodka”),
Karachay-Balkar аракъы (araqı, “vodka”),
Bashkir араҡы (araqı, “vodka”),
Khakas араға (arağa, “alcoholic drink”),
Tuvan арага (araga, “vodka; wine”),
Yakut арыгы (arıgı, “wine”).


кайдаҥ

head

кайдаҥ • (kaydaŋ)

alt-adv

кайдаҥ • (kaydaŋ)

From *qaydan "from where", from Proto-Turkic *ka- (“interrogative particle”). -даҥ (-daŋ) is an ablative case formant.
Cognate with Bashkir ҡайҙан (qayźan), Tatar кайдан (qaydan), Kyrgyz кайдан (kaydan), Kazakh қайдан (qaidan), Siberian Tatar ҡайтан (qaytan), Karaim kaydan, Kumyk къайдан (qaydan), Northern Altai кайданъ (kaydanʺ), Shor қайдаң (qaydaŋ), Khakas хайдаң (xaydañ), etc.


сыра

head

сыра • (sïra)

alt-noun

сыра • (sïra)

Ultimately from Persian شیره (šīra, “juice; new wine”).


кылыш

head

кылыш • (kïlïš)

alt-noun

кылыш • (kïlïš)


мечет

head

мечет • (mečet)

alt-noun

мечет • (mečet)


сарлык

head

сарлык • (sarlïk)

alt-noun

сарлык • (sarlïk)


ишчи

head

ишчи • (išči)

alt-noun

ишчи • (išči)


иш

iš (romanization)
иш (absolute singular)
иштер (absolute plural)
иштиҥ (definite genitive singular)
иштердиҥ (definite genitive plural)
ишке (dative singular)
иштерге (dative plural)
ишти (accusative definite singular)
иштерди (accusative definite plural)
иште (locative singular)
иштерде (locative plural)
иштеҥ (ablative singular)
иштердеҥ (ablative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *īlč (“work, deed”).
Compare with Kazakh іс (ıs), Kyrgyz иш (iş), Crimean Tatar iş, Karachay-Balkar иш (iş), Kumyk иш (iş), Bashkir эш (eş), Tatar эш (eş), Azerbaijani iş, Turkish iş, Uzbek ish, Uyghur ئىش (ish), Shor иш,etc.


тоомјы

head

тоомјы • (toomǰï)

alt-noun

тоомјы • (toomǰï)


тӱӱки

head

тӱӱки • (tüüki)

alt-noun

тӱӱки • (tüüki)


кыс

From Proto-Turkic *kï̄ŕ (“girl, woman”).
Cognate with Kazakh қыз (qyz), Kyrgyz кыз (kız), Crimean Tatar qız, Kumyk къыз (qız), Bashkir ҡыҙ (qıź), Tatar кыз (qız), Azerbaijani qız, Turkish kız, Turkmen gyz, Uzbek qiz, Uyghur قىز (qiz), Khakas хыс (xıs), Shor қыс, Tuvan хыс (xıs), Western Yugur qïs, etc.


кӱс

From Proto-Turkic *kǖŕ. Cognate with Kyrgyz күз (küz), Kazakh күз (küz), Nogai куьз (küz), Karachay-Balkar кюз (küz), Kumyk гюз (güz), Bashkir көҙ (köź), Tatar көз (köz), Salar guz, Turkmen güýz, Turkish güz; Khakas кӱс (küs), Northern Altai кӱс (küs), Tuvan күс (küs), Chuvash кӗр (kĕr), etc.


ака

From Proto-Turkic *(i)āka (“elder brother; uncle”).


бет

From Proto-Turkic *bĕt (“face; page”). Cognate with Kazakh бет (bet), Kyrgyz бет (bet), Crimean Tatar bet, Kumyk бет (bet), Tatar бит (bit), etc.


сый

From Proto-Turkic *sɨjŋ, Compare to Kazakh сый (syi), etc.


кӱреш

head

кӱреш • (küreš)

alt-noun

кӱреш • (küreš)

From Proto-Turkic *gerüĺ- (“to fight, struggle”).
Cognate with Kazakh күрес (küres),
Kyrgyz күрөш (küröş),
Bashkir көрәш (körəş),
Uyghur كۈرەش (küresh),
Azerbaijani güləş,
Turkish güreş (“wrestling”), Shor кӱреш, Tuvan хүреш (xüreş), etc.


мылтык

head

мылтык • (mïltïk)

alt-noun

мылтык • (mïltïk)

mïltïk (romanization)
мылтык (absolute singular)
мылтыктар (absolute plural)
мылтыктыҥ (definite genitive singular)
мылтыктардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
мылтыкка (dative singular)
мылтыктарга (dative plural)
мылтыкты (accusative definite singular)
мылтыктарды (accusative definite plural)
мылтыкта (locative singular)
мылтыктарда (locative plural)
мылтыктаҥ (ablative singular)
мылтыктардаҥ (ablative plural)

alt-decl-noun

мылтыктардыҥ

мылтыктардаҥ

Cognate with Kazakh мылтық (myltyq), Nogai мылтык (mıltık), Kyrgyz мылтык (mıltık), Bashkir мылтыҡ (mıltıq), Tatar мылтык (mıltıq), Uzbek miltiq, Uyghur مىلتىق (miltiq), Khakas мылтых (mıltıx), Shor мылтық, etc.


биринчи

head

биринчи • (birinči)

Morphologically бир (bir) + -инчи (-inči). Cognate with Azerbaijani birinci, Kazakh бірінші (bırınşı), Khakas пірінӌі (pìrìncì), Kyrgyz биринчи (birinci), Turkish birinci, Turkmen birinji, Uzbek birinchi, Yakut биирис (biiris).

cog

Kazakh бірінші (bırınşı)


экинчи

head

экинчи • (ekinči)

From Old Turkic اكنج (ikinç). Cognates include Azerbaijani ikinci, Bashkir икенсе (ikense), Turkish ikinci, Turkmen ikinji, Crimean Tatar ekinci, Kumyk экинчи (ekinçi), Uzbek ikkinchi, Uyghur ئىككىنچى (ikkinchi),
Khakas ікінӌі (ìkìncì) , Yakut иккис (ikkis), Kazakh екінші (ekınşı), Kyrgyz экинчи (ekinci), Tatar икенче (ikençe).


сегизинчи

сегизинчи • (segizinči)

Cognates include Kazakh сегізінші (segızınşı), Kyrgyz сегизинчи (segizinci), Crimean Tatar sekizinci, Kumyk сегизинчи (segizinçi), Azerbaijani səkkizinci, Turkish sekizinci, Turkmen sekininji ,
Khakas сигізінӌі (sigìzìncì), Shor сегизинчи, Western Yugur saqsïnč, Bashkir һигеҙенсе (higeźense), Tatar сигезенче (sigezençe), Uzbek sakkizinchi, Uyghur سەككىزىنچى (sekkizinchi), etc.

cog

Kazakh сегізінші (segızınşı)

Shor сегизинчи


јетинчи

head

јетинчи • (ǰetinči)

Cognates include Azerbaijani yeddinci, Kazakh жетінші (jetınşı), Kyrgyz жетинчи (jetinci), Bashkir етенсе (yetense), Tatar җиденче (cidençe), Crimean Tatar yedinci, Kumyk еттинчи (yettinçi), Uzbek yettinchi, Uyghur يەتتىنچى (yettinchi),
Turkmen ýedinji, Khakas читінӌі (çitìncì), Turkish yedinci.


бежинчи

бежинчи • (bežinči)

Cognates include Azerbaijani beşinci, Kyrgyz бешинчи (beşinci), Bashkir бишенсе (bişense), Tatar бишенче (bişençe), Crimean Tatar beşinci, Kumyk бешинчи (beşinçi), Uzbek beshinchi, Uyghur بەشىنچى (beshinchi), Turkish beşinci, Turkmen bäşinji, Khakas пизінӌі (pizìncì) and Yakut бэһис (behis), Kazakh бесінші (besınşı).


ӱчинчи

ӱчинчи • (üčinči)

From Old Turkic اجنج (üçünç). Cognates include Azerbaijani üçüncü, Turkish üçüncü, Turkmen üçünji, Kazakh үшінші (üşınşı), Kyrgyz үчүнчү (ücüncü), Crimean Tatar üçünci, Kumyk уьчюнчю (üçünçü), Uzbek uchinchi, Uyghur ئۈچىنچى (üchinchi), Khakas ӱзінӌі (üzìncì), Shor ӱжӱнчи, and Yakut үһүс (ühüs).

cog

Kazakh үшінші (üşınşı)

Kumyk уьчюнчю (üçünçü)


тӧртинчи

head

тӧртинчи • (törtinči)

Cognates include Azerbaijani dördüncü, Kazakh төртінші (törtınşı), Kazakh төртінші (törtınşı), Kyrgyz төртүнчү (törtüncü), Nogai доьртинши (dörtinşi), Crimean Tatar dörtünci, Kumyk дёртюнчю (dörtünçü),Bashkir дүртенсе (dürtense), Tatar дүртенче (dürtençe), Uzbek toʻrtinchi, Khakas тӧртінӌі, Yakut төрдүс (tördüs), Uyghur تۆتىنچى (tötinchi) ,Turkish dördüncü, Turkmen dördünji,.

cog

Kazakh төртінші (törtınşı)

Kazakh төртінші (törtınşı)

Kumyk дёртюнчю (dörtünçü)

Khakas тӧртінӌі


тогузынчы

head

тогузынчы • (toguzïnčï)

Cognates include Azerbaijani dokkuzuncı, Turkish dokuzuncu, Turkmen dokujynjy, Kazakh тоғызыншы (toğyzynşy), Kyrgyz тогузунчу (toguzuncu), Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı), Tatar тугызынчы (tuğızınçı),
Uzbek toʻqqizinchi, Uyghur توققۇزىنچى (toqquzinchi),
Crimean Tatar doquzıncı, Kumyk тогъузунчу (toğuzunçu),
,Khakas тоғызынӌы (toğızıncı), Shor тоғузынчы, Western Yugur toqsïnč, etc.

cog

Bashkir туғыҙынсы (tuğıźınsı)

Tatar тугызынчы (tuğızınçı)

Khakas тоғызынӌы (toğızıncı)

Shor тоғузынчы


кала

From Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “fort, fortress”).


бис

bis (romanization)
мен (nominative singular)
бис (nominative plural)
мениҥ (genitive singular)
бистиҥ (genitive plural)
мени (accusative singular)
бисти (accusative plural)
меге (dative singular)
биске (dative plural)
менде (locative singular)
бисте (locative plural)
менеҥ (ablative singular)
бистеҥ (ablative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *bi-ŕ (“we”). Cognate to Turkish biz (“we”).


атар

From Proto-Turkic *at-, compare Turkish atmak.


деген

Reported past tense of the defective verb деер (deer, “to say”).
Cognate with
Kazakh деген (degen),
Kyrgyz деген (degen),
Kumyk деген (degen),
Uzbek degan,
etc.


тиш

From Proto-Turkic *tīĺ. Cognate with Kazakh тіс (tıs), Kyrgyz тиш (tiş), Crimean Tatar tiş, Kumyk тиш (tiş), Tatar теш (teş), Azerbaijani diş, Turkish diş, Turkmen diş, Uzbek tish, Shor тиш, Tuvan диш (diş), Western Yugur tïs, etc.


козы

head

козы • (kozï)


орды

орды • (ordï)

alt-noun

орды • (ordï)


чана

head

чана • (čana)

alt-noun

чана • (čana)

Cognate with
Kazakh шана (şana, “sledge”),
Kyrgyz чана (cana, “sledge”),
Uzbek chana (“sledge”),
Uyghur چانا (chana, “sledge”);
Shor сана (“ski”),
Khakas сана (sana, “ski”).


конок

From *qonaq (“guest”), from Proto-Turkic *kon- (“to visit, stay overnight, spend a night as a guest”).
Cognate with
Kazakh қонақ (qonaq, “guest”), Kyrgyz конок (konok, “guest; food given to guests as a treat”), Crimean Tatar qonaq,
Karachay-Balkar къонакъ (qonaq, “guest”), Kumyk къонакъ (qonaq, “guest”), Bashkir ҡунаҡ (qunaq), Tatar кунак (qunaq), Azerbaijani qonaq, Turkish konuk, Uzbek qoʻnoq (“guest”).


чач

From Proto-Turkic *sač (“hair”). Cognate with Kazakh шаш (şaş), Kyrgyz чач (cac), Crimean Tatar saç, Karachay-Balkar чач (çaç), Kumyk чач (çaç), Bashkir сәс (səs), Tatar чәч (çäç), Azerbaijani saç, Turkish saç, Turkmen saç, Uzbek soch, Khakas сас (sas), Shor шаш, Tuvan чаш (çaş), etc.


корку

From коркыыр (korkïïr), from Proto-Turkic *kork-. Compare to Kyrgyz коркуу (korkuu), etc.


тару

From Proto-Turkic *tarɨg (“cereal, grain”).


ару

From Proto-Turkic *ạrïg. Cognate with Kyrgyz аруу (aruu), Crimean Tatar aruv, Khakas арығ (arığ), Shor арығ, Tuvan арыг (arıg), Western Yugur arïɣ, etc.


кату

From *qatïğ (“hard”), Proto-Turkic *kat-. Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (qatïğ), Old Uyghur [script needed] (qatïğ, “hard”);
Kazakh қатты (qatty),
Kyrgyz катуу (katuu),
Karachay-Balkar къаты (qatı),
Uzbek qattiq,
Uyghur قاتتىق (qattiq),
Khakas хатығ (xatığ),
Tuvan кадыг (kadıg),
Chuvash хытӑ (hyt̬ă, “hard”).


куру

From Proto-Turkic *kūrïk (“dry”).
Cognate with Tatar коры (qorı), Karachay-Balkar къуру (quru), Uzbek quruq, Uyghur قۇرۇق (quruq), Khakas хуруғ (xuruğ), Turkish kuru (“dry”), Chuvash хӑрӑк (hărăk, “dry (of wood)”).


селем

From Arabic سَلَام (salām, “peace; hello”).


суру

Derived Proto-Turkic *sōr(a)- (“to ask, to question”).
Compare to Bashkir һорау (horaw),
Tatar сорау (soraw),
Karakalpak soraw,
Kazakh сұрау (sūrau),
Kyrgyz суроо (suroo),
Karachay-Balkar соруу (soruu),
Kumyk сорав (soraw),
Azerbaijani soraq,
Turkish soru,
Turkmen sorag,
Uzbek soʻroq,
Uyghur سوراق (soraq),
Uzbek soʻroq,
Khakas сурағ (surağ),
Shor сурағ, etc.


Тӱҥӱр

head

Тӱҥӱр • (Tüŋür)

alt-noun

Тӱҥӱр • (Tüŋür)

Russian: Тюнгур (Tjungur)


тӱҥӱр

head

тӱҥӱр • (tüŋür)

alt-noun

тӱҥӱр • (tüŋür)

a tüŋür, an Altaian instrument similar to buben for Shamanistic usage.


теҥери

head

теҥери • (teŋeri) (plural теҥерилер)

teŋeri (romanization)
теҥерилер (plural)

From Proto-Turkic *teŋri.
Cognate with Kyrgyz теңир (teŋir), Kazakh тәңір (täñır), Kumyk тенгири (teñiri), Crimean Tatar tañrı, Tatar тәңрe (täñre), Bashkir тәңре (təñre, “god, sky”), Uyghur تەڭرى (tengri), Salar danru, Turkish tanrı, Turkmen taňry, etc.


ич

From Proto-Turkic *ič. Cognate with Kazakh іш (ış, “inside”), Kyrgyz ич (ic, “inside”), Crimean Tatar iç, Karaim ič, Karachay-Balkar ич (iç), Kumyk ич (iç), Bashkir эс (es), Tatar эч (eç), Azerbaijani iç, Turkish iç, Uzbek ich, Uyghur ichi, Shor ишти, Western Yugur ič (“in”), etc.


јодро

јодро • (ǰodro)

alt-noun

јодро • (ǰodro)

bird cherry (Prunus padus) (tree and fruit)


сазан

From Proto-Turkic *siāŕgan (“carp; snake, dragon”). Compare Ottoman Turkish سازان (sazan).


кӧбӧлӧк

head

кӧбӧлӧк • (köbölök)

alt-noun

кӧбӧлӧк • (köbölök)

köbölök (romanization)
кӧбӧлӧк (absolute singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧр (absolute plural)
кӧбӧлӧктиҥ (definite genitive singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧрдиҥ (definite genitive plural)
кӧбӧлӧккӧ (dative singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧргӧ (dative plural)
кӧбӧлӧкти (accusative definite singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧрди (accusative definite plural)
кӧбӧлӧктӧ (locative singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧрдӧ (locative plural)
кӧбӧлӧктӧҥ (ablative singular)
кӧбӧлӧктӧрдӧҥ (ablative plural)

alt-decl-noun

кӧбӧлӧктӧрдиҥ

кӧбӧлӧктӧргӧ

кӧбӧлӧктӧрди

кӧбӧлӧктӧрдӧ

кӧбӧлӧктӧрдӧҥ

From Proto-Turkic *kepelek (“butterfly”).


буу

From Kipchak *baw, from Common Turkic *bāğ (“rope, binder”), from Proto-Turkic *b(i)ā- (“to bind, fasten”).


јол

ǰol (romanization)
јол (absolute singular)
јолдор (absolute plural)
јолдыҥ (definite genitive singular)
јолдордыҥ (definite genitive plural)
јолго (dative singular)
јолдорго (dative plural)
јолды (accusative definite singular)
јолдорды (accusative definite plural)
јолдо (locative singular)
јолдордо (locative plural)
јолдоҥ (ablative singular)
јолдордоҥ (ablative plural)


ӱ

The twenty-fifth letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӱзӱм

head

ӱзӱм • (üzüm)

alt-noun

ӱзӱм • (üzüm)

From Proto-Turkic *yüŕüm (“grape”). Cognate with Azerbaijani üzüm, Turkish üzüm, Turkmen üzüm, Uzbek uzum, Uyghur ئۈزۈم (üzüm), Crimean Tatar yüzüm, Kumyk юзюм (yuzüm), Kazakh жүзім (jüzım), Kyrgyz жүзүм (jüzüm), Bashkir йөҙөм (yöźöm), Tatar йөзем (yözem), etc.


јан

From Proto-Turkic *yān. Cognate with Kazakh жан (jan, “side”), Kyrgyz жан (jan, “side”), Crimean Tatar yan, Karaim jan, Karachay-Balkar джан (can), Kumyk ян (yan), Tatar ян (yan), Azerbaijani yan, Turkish yan, Uzbek yon, Shor нан, Western Yugur yan, etc.


јан

From Persian جان (jân, “soul, vital spirit”).


чабак

head

чабак • (čabak)

alt-noun

чабак • (čabak)


мында

head

мында • (mïnda)

From Proto-Turkic *bun-ta (“here”), locative of *bu(n) (“this”). See бу (bu). Cognate with Turkish bunda.


ону

From *onağu (“ten as a group”), from Proto-Turkic *ōn (“ten”).
Compare to Kumyk онав (onaw, “ten as a group”).


былтыр

былтыр • (bïltïr)

From Common Kypchak *bïltïr "last year", from Proto-Turkic *bïldur (“last year”).


онынчы

онынчы • (onïnčï)

Cognates include Kazakh оныншы (onynşy) Kyrgyz онунчу (onuncu), Crimean Tatar onuncı, Kumyk онунчу (onunçu), Azerbaijani onuncu, Turkish onuncu, Turkmen onunjy, Khakas онынӌы (onıncı), Shor онунчы, Western Yugur onïnč, Bashkir унынсы (unınsı), etc.


бистиҥ

бистиҥ • (bistiŋ) (familiar, polite бистиҥ)

thee (second-person plural familiar personal pronoun)


канјыл

канјыл • (kanǰïl)

alt-noun

канјыл • (kanǰïl)


калык

head

калык • (kalïk)

alt-noun

калык • (kalïk)

kalïk (romanization)
калык (absolute singular)
калыктар (absolute plural)
калыктыҥ (definite genitive singular)
калыктардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
калыкка (dative singular)
калыктарга (dative plural)
калыкты (accusative definite singular)
калыктарды (accusative definite plural)
калыкта (locative singular)
калыктарда (locative plural)
калыктаҥ (ablative singular)
калыктардаҥ (ablative plural)

From Siberian Tatar ҡалыҡ (qalïq) and Kazakh халық (xalyq). Or from Classical Persian خَلْق (xalq), from Arabic خَلْق (ḵalq, “creation; creatures; people”). Compare also Shor қалық (qalïq, “people”) and Khakas халых (xalıx, “people”).


кудай

kuday (romanization)
кудай (absolute singular)
кудайлар (absolute plural)
кудайдыҥ (definite genitive singular)
кудайлардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
кудайга (dative singular)
кудайларга (dative plural)
кудайды (accusative definite singular)
кудайларды (accusative definite plural)
кудайда (locative singular)
кудайларда (locative plural)
кудайдаҥ (ablative singular)
кудайлардаҥ (ablative plural)

From Persian خدا (xodâ, “God”).
Cognate with Bashkir хоҙай (xoźay), Karachay-Balkar къудай (quday), Kazakh құдай (qūdai, “God”), Kyrgyz кудай (kuday, “God”), Khakas худай (xuday, “God”), Kumyk худай (xuday),
Tatar ходай (xoday), Tuvan кудай (kuday, “God”), Uzbek xudo.


ӧс

From Common Turkic *ȫz, from Proto-Turkic *ȫŕ. Cognate with Kazakh өз (öz), Kyrgyz өз (öz), Crimean Tatar öz, Kumyk оьз (öz), Bashkir үҙ (üź), Tatar үз (üz), Azerbaijani öz, Turkish öz, Turkmen öz, Uzbek o'z, Uyghur ۆز (öz), Western Yugur üz, etc.


кын

From Proto-Turkic *kï̄n. Cognates include Yakut кыын (kıın).


чатыр

head

чатыр • (čatïr)


качан

качан • (kačan)

From Proto-Turkic *Ka- (“interrogative prefix”).


сезим

Proto-Turkic *sēŕ- (“to feel, understand”)
Cognate with Kazakh сезім (sezım), Kyrgyz сезим (sezim)


уур

From *awïr "heavy, difficult", from Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur ağïr (“heavy, difficult”);
Tatar авыр (awır), Kazakh ауыр (auyr); Kyrgyz оор (oor), Crimean Tatar ağır / avur, Kumyk авур (awur), Uzbek ogʻir, Azerbaijani ağır, Turkish ağır, Khakas аар (aar), Shor аар, Yakut ыар (ıar, “heavy; difficult”), etc.


тутка

From *tutqa (“handle”), from Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to hold, grasp”).
Compare
Kazakh тұтқа (tūtqa),
Kyrgyz тутка (tutka),
Uzbek tutqa,
Uyghur تۇتقا (tutqa),
Tuvan туда (tuda, “handle”).


јон

ǰon (romanization)
јон (absolute singular)
јондор (absolute plural)
јонныҥ (definite genitive singular)
јондордыҥ (definite genitive plural)
јонго (dative singular)
јондорго (dative plural)
јонды (accusative definite singular)
јондорды (accusative definite plural)
јондо (locative singular)
јондордо (locative plural)
јонноҥ (ablative singular)
јондордоҥ (ablative plural)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᠴᡆᠨ (zon, “people; ethnic group”). Compare also Buryat зон (zon), Kalmyk зон (zon), Mongolian зон (zon); Khakas чон (çon), Shor чон (con), Tuvan чон (çon), Western Yugur yun, Yakut дьон (jon), etc.


јадар

head

јадар • (ǰadar)

From Common Turkic *yat-, Proto-Turkic *yat- (“to lie”). Cognate with Kazakh жату (jatu), Kyrgyz жатуу (jatuu), Kumyk ятмакъ (yatmaq), Azerbaijani yatmaq, Turkish yatmak, Khakas чадарға (çadarğa), Shor чадарға, Western Yugur yaʰt-, Uzbek yotmoq etc.

cog

Shor чадарға


эйе

From Proto-Turkic *edgü (“good, excellent”).
Compare to
Bashkir эйе (eye, “yes”),
Tatar әйе (äye, “yes”),
Kazakh иә (iä, “yes”),
Kyrgyz ийи (iyi, “yes”), ийе (iye, “yes”),
Tuvan ийе (iye, “yes”),
Turkish iyi (“good”),
etc.


оору

From Proto-Turkic *agrï-g (“pain, illness”), an action noun of *agrï- (“to ache; be ill”).


ийин

Compare to Kyrgyz ийин (iyin), Turkish eğin, etc.


кайык

head

кайык • (kayïk)

alt-noun

кайык • (kayïk)

From Proto-Turkic *kiayguk (“boat, oar”).


мис

From Proto-Turkic *bińŕ (“awl”).
Cognate with Kazakh бiз (biz), Nogai биз (biz), Kyrgyz миз (miz, “blade”), Bashkir беҙ (beź), Tatar без (bez),
Uzbek bigiz,
Uyghur بېگىز (bëgiz, “awl”), Khakas піс (pìs), Tuvan бис (bis), etc.


Кыдат

head

Кыдат • (Kïdat)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᡍᡅᡐᠠᡑ (kitad).

a unisex given name from Oirat, meaning “Chinese”


ээк

From Proto-Turkic *ēŋ-ek. Cognate with Azerbaijani əng, Kazakh иек (iek), Kyrgyz ээк (eek), Bashkir эйәк (eyək), Tatar ияк (iyak), Turkmen eňek, Uzbek iyak, Khakas эк (ek), Shor ээк, etc.


безгек

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 擺子 (“dialectal synonym of malaria”).


орын

head

орын • (orïn)

alt-noun

орын • (orïn)


ис

From Proto-Turkic *īŕ, *ɨ̄ŕ, etc. Kazakh із (ız), Kyrgyz из (iz), Crimean Tatar iz, Karachay-Balkar ыз (ız), Kumyk гьыз (hız), Bashkir эҙ (eź), Tatar эз (ez), Azerbaijani iz, Turkish iz, Uzbek iz, Uyghur ئىز (iz), etc.


байыыр

head

байыыр • (bayïïr)

From Proto-Turkic *bāyu-, equivalent to бай (bay, “rich”) + -ы- (-ï-, denominal verbal suffix) + -ыр (-ïr, infinitive suffix).
Cognate with Kyrgyz баюу (bayuu), Kazakh баю (baü), Bashkir байыу (bayıw, “to become rich”), Kumyk байымакъ (bayımaq), Uzbek boyimoq, Uyghur بېيىماق (bëyimaq), Tuvan байыыр (bayıır), Khakas пайирға (payirğa), etc.


јаҥыс

head

јаҥыс • (ǰaŋïs)

alt-adj

јаҥыс • (ǰaŋïs)

From Proto-Turkic *yalïŋ (“lone, solitary; naked”).


агас

Compare Armenian ախազ (axaz), a Turkic borrowing.


чын

From *čïn (“true, real”), presumably borrowed from
Sinitic 眞 (MC tsyin, “true, real”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (čïn, “true, real”);
Tatar чын (çın),
Kazakh шын (şyn),
Uzbek chin,
Khakas сын (sın),
Tuvan шын (şın, “true, real”), etc.


бакана

From Proto-Turkic *bakana (“pole, pillar, column”), or an early borrowing from a Mongolic source (compare Mongolian багана (bagana, “pole, column”)).
Cognate with
Kazakh бағана (bağana, “pillar, column”),
Karachay-Balkar багъана (bağana, “pillar, column”),
Kumyk багъана (bağana),
Tuvan багана (bagana, “pillar, column”),
Yakut баҕана (bağana, “pillar, column”), etc.


ойын

head

ойын • (oyïn)

alt-noun

ойын • (oyïn)

From *oyun (“game, amusement”), from Proto-Turkic *oy- (“to play; to jump”). Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (ojun, “game, amusement”); Tatar уен (uyen), Bashkir уйын (uyın), Kyrgyz оюн (oyun), Kazakh ойын (oiyn), Uzbek o'yin, Uyghur ئويۇن (oyun), Azerbaijani oyun, Turkish oyun, Turkmen oýun, Khakas ойын (oyın), Shor ойун, Tuvan оюн (oyun, “game”), etc.


буудай

From Proto-Turkic *boguday (“wheat”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (bugday);
Kazakh бидай (bidai),
Kyrgyz буудай (buuday),
Crimean Tatar boğday,
Kumyk будай (buday),
Bashkir бойҙай (boyźay),
Tatar бодай (boday),
Azerbaijani buğda, Turkish buğday, Turkmen bugdaý, Uzbek bug'doy, Uyghur بۇغداي (bughday) , Khakas пуғдай (puğday), Shor пуғдай, etc.


болор

From Proto-Turkic *bōl-,
Compare to Karakhanid بُلْماقْ (bolmāq),
Kyrgyz болуу (boluu), Kazakh болу (bolu), Crimean Tatar bolmaq, Karachay-Balkar болургъа (bolurğa), Kumyk болмакъ (bolmaq), Bashkir булыу (bulıw), Tatar булырга (bulırga), Turkish olmak, Salar bo, vol, Uzbek boʻlmoq, Uyghur بولماق (bolmaq); Old Turkic 𐰉𐰆𐰞 (b¹ul¹ /bol-/), Shor поларға (polarɣa), Khakas поларға (polarğa), Tuvan болур (bolur), Yakut буол (buol), Chuvash пул (pul), etc.


кымыс

head

кымыс • (kïmïs)

alt-noun

кымыс • (kïmïs)

From Proto-Turkic *kumïŕ. Compare to Kyrgyz кымыз (kımız), Kumyk къымыз (qımız), etc.


шајын

head

шајын • (šaǰïn)

alt-noun

шајын • (šaǰïn)

From Mongolian шашин (šašin), from Sanskrit शासन (śāsana).


мӧндӱрлеер

head

мӧндӱрлеер • (möndürleer)

möndürleer (romanization)
мӧндӱрлем (first-person singular)

мӧн‧дӱр‧леер

By surface analysis, мӧндӱр (möndür, “hail”) + -леер (-leer, vowel harmonic denominal verb suffix). Compare Kyrgyz мөндүрлөр (möndürlör); Buryat мүндэрлэхэ (münderlexe), Mongolian мөндөрлөх (möndörlöx).

surf

Тайгаларда канчанчы кӱн мӧндӱрлеп јат.

It has been hailing for some days in the forests.


оҥ

From Proto-Turkic *oŋ (“right”). Compare Kyrgyz оң (oŋ), Yakut уҥа (uña).


темирчи

head

темирчи • (temirči)

alt-noun

темирчи • (temirči)


темир

From Kipchak تمور (tämür), Proto-Turkic *temür (“iron”).


турна

From Proto-Turkic *durunja. Cognate with Kazakh тырна (tyrna), Kyrgyz турна (turna), Crimean Tatar turna, Kumyk турна (turna), Bashkir торна (torna), Tatar торна (torna), Azerbaijani durna, Turkish turna, Uzbek turna, Uyghur turna, Chuvash тӑрна (tărna).


алдында

head

алдында • (aldïnda)

From алд (ald, “before,in front of”) + -ында (-ïnda, “suffix”), Proto-Turkic *āl (“front”). Cognate with Kazakh алдында (aldynda), Kyrgyz алдында (aldında), Tatar алдында (aldında), Crimean Tatar aldında, Karachay-Balkar аллында (allında), Kumyk алдында (aldında), etc.


таҥ

From Common Turkic *taŋ. Compare to Kyrgyz тан (tan).


учун

head

учун • (učun)

From Proto-Turkic *üčün. Cognate with Kazakh үшін (üşın), Nogai уьшин (üşin), Kyrgyz үчүн (ücün), Crimean Tatar içün, Karachay-Balkar ючюн (yuçün), Kumyk учун (uçun), Bashkir өсөн (ösön), Tatar өчен (öçen), Azerbaijani için, Turkish için, Turkmen üçin, Uzbek uchun, Uyghur ئۈچۈن (üchün), Uzbek uchun, Shor ӱчӱн, etc.


тану

Cognate with Siberian Tatar танау (“nose, nasal cavity”), Kazakh танау (tanau, “nostril, nose”), Kumyk танав (tanaw, “nostril”), Khakas танаа (tanaa, “nasal cavity, nostril”), Yakut таныы (tanıı, “nostril”).


айыл

head

айыл • (ayïl)

From Proto-Turkic *āgïl, from Proto-Turkic *āg- (“to enclose”).


кирер

From Proto-Turkic *kīr-. Cognate with Kazakh кіру (kıru), Nogai кируьв (kirüv), Kyrgyz кирүү (kirüü), Crimean Tatar kirmek, Kumyk гирмек (girmek), Azerbaijani girmək, Turkish girmek, Turkmen girmek, Khakas кірерге (kìrerge), Shor кирерге, etc.

cog

Shor кирерге


эртен

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r. Cognate with Kazakh ертең (erteñ, “tomorrow”), Karakalpak erteń (“morning”), Crimean Tatar erten, Kumyk эртен (erten), Tatar иртән (irtän), Shor эртен, Tuvan эртен (erten), etc.


турар

From Proto-Turkic *tur- (“to stand”).
Cognate with Kazakh тұру (tūru), Kyrgyz туруу (turuu), Kumyk турмакъ (turmaq), Azerbaijani durmaq, Turkish durmak, Khakas турарға (turarğa), Shor турарға, Western Yugur tur-, etc.

Shor турарға


кайда

From Proto-Turkic *ka- (“interrogative prefix”).


мындый

head

мындый • (mïndïy)

alt-adj

мындый • (mïndïy)

бу (bu, “this”) + -тый (-tïy, “adjectival suffix”)


баштапкы

head

баштапкы • (baštapkï)

From баштап (baštap, associative converb) + -кы (-kï, deadverbial adjectival suffix). Compare also Kyrgyz баштапкы (baştapkı, “initial”), Tuvan баштайгы (baştaygı, suffixed from imperfective converb).


ашкана

head

ашкана • (aškana)

alt-noun

ашкана • (aškana)

From аш (aš, “meal”) + -кана (-kana, “place of”).
Cognate to
Bashkir ашхана (aşxana),
Kazakh асхана (asxana),
Kyrgyz ашкана (aşkana),
Crimean Tatar aşhane,
Kumyk ашхана (aşxana),
Uzbek oshxona,
Uyghur ئاشخانا (ashxana),
Tatar ашханә (aşxanä),
Turkmen aşhana (“canteen, cafeteria”),
Ottoman Turkish آشخانه (aşhâne, “eating place”), etc.


ажык

head

ажык • (ažïk)

alt-noun

ажык • (ažïk)

From Common Turkic *ašuk. Cognate to Kumyk ашыкъ (aşıq), etc.


эрин

From Proto-Turkic *erin (“lip”). Cognate with Kazakh ерін (erın), Karakalpak erin, Kyrgyz эрин (erin), Crimean Tatar erin, Karachay-Balkar эрин (erin), Kumyk эрин (erin), Bashkir ирен (iren), Tatar ирен (iren), Shor эрни, Tuvan эрин (erin), etc.


эчки

head

эчки • (ečki)

alt-noun

эчки • (ečki)


јеен

head

јеен • (ǰeen)

alt-noun

јеен • (ǰeen)


јеерен

head

јеерен • (ǰeeren)

alt-noun

јеерен • (ǰeeren)

From Proto-Turkic *jẹgre-n (“(of hair) red”).


кыска

head

кыска • (kïska)

alt-adj

кыска • (kïska)

From Proto-Turkic *kɨsga (“short”), from *kɨs- (“to press, squeeze”).
Cognate with Kazakh қысқа (qysqa), Kyrgyz кыска (kıska), Bashkir ҡыҫҡа (qıśqa), Uzbek qisqa, Crimean Tatar qısqa, Kumyk къысгъа (qısğa), Azerbaijani qısa, Turkmen gysga, Turkish kısa, Khakas хысха (xısxa), Shor қысқа, Western Yugur qïsqa, etc.


чечек

head

чечек • (čeček)

alt-noun

чечек • (čeček)

From Proto-Turkic *čeček (“flower”). Cognate with Turkish çiçek.


тудар

From Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to grasp”). Cognate with Kazakh тұту (tūtu), Turkish tutmak.


соок

From Proto-Turkic *sogï-k (“cold”).
Cognate with Kazakh суық (suyq), Kyrgyz суук (suuk), Crimean Tatar suvuq, Karachay-Balkar суукъ (suuq), Kumyk сувукъ (suwuq), Bashkir һыуыҡ (hıwıq), Tatar суык (suwıq), Azerbaijani soyuq, Turkish soğuk, Turkmen sowuk, Uzbek sovuq, Uyghur سوغۇق (soghuq), Tuvan соок (sook), etc.


белен

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *bele- (“ready”). Cognate with Mongolian бэлэн (belen, “ready”).


курт

From Proto-Turkic *kūrt.
Cognate with Kazakh құрт (qūrt), Kyrgyz курт (kurt), Crimean Tatar qurt, Karachay-Balkar къурт (qurt), Kumyk къурт (qurt), Bashkir ҡорт (qort, “wolf”), Tatar корт (qort), Azerbaijani qurd, Turkish kurt (“wolf”),
Uzbek qurt, Uyghur قۇرت (qurt), Tuvan курт (kurt), Western Yugur qurt, etc.


кедер

From Proto-Turkic *gē(j)t- (“to go (away), to get away”). Cognate to Turkish gitmek, Uzbek ketmoq, Crimean Tatar ketmek, Kumyk гетмек (getmek), Kazakh кету (ketu), Nogai кетуьв (ketüv), Azerbaijani getmək, Gagauz gitmää, Turkmen gitmek, Bashkir китеү (kitew), etc.


эрте

From Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r. Cognate with Kazakh ерте (erte), Karakalpak erte, Kyrgyz эрте (erte), Crimean Tatar erte, Kumyk эрте (erte), Bashkir иртә (irtə), Tatar иртә (irtä), Turkish erte, Uzbek erta, Uyghur ئەرتە (erte), Shor эрте, Tuvan эрте (erte), Western Yugur erte, etc.


олор

Compare to Kazakh олар (olar), Nogai олар (olar), Kumyk олар (olar), Kyrgyz алар (alar), Turkish onlar, Turkmen olar, Khakas олар (olar), etc.

they (third-person plural personal pronoun)


согыш

head

согыш • (sogïš)

alt-noun

согыш • (sogïš)

From Proto-Turkic *soquš. Cognate to Kyrgyz согуш (soguş), Shor соғуш.


ырыс

head

ырыс • (ïrïs)

alt-noun

ырыс • (ïrïs)


мойын

head

мойын • (moyïn)

alt-noun

мойын • (moyïn)

From *mojun "neck", from Proto-Turkic *bōń (“neck”).
Cognate with
Old Turkic [script needed] (bojun, “neck”); Kazakh мойын (moiyn), Crimean Tatar boyun, Kumyk боюн (boyun),
Bashkir муйын (muyın), Tatar муен (muyen),
Kyrgyz моюн (moyun), Tuvan моюн (moyun), Khakas мойын (moyın), Uzbek boʻyin,
Turkish, Azerbaijani boyun,
Turkmen boýun (“neck”), etc.


илмек

Compare to Kazakh ілмек (ılmek), Kyrgyz илмек (ilmek), Kumyk илмек (ilmek), etc. Also note Ottoman Turkish ایلیك (ilik, “a loop or eye for a button or hook on clothing”).


эрке

From Proto-Turkic *er-. Compare to Kyrgyz эрке (erke), Kumyk эрке (erke), etc.


тыныш

head

тыныш • (tïnïš)

alt-noun

тыныш • (tïnïš)


тыныш

head

тыныш • (tïnïš)


чирик

чирик • (čirik)

From *čirik "rotten", from the verbal stem čiri- "to rot, decay", from Proto-Turkic *čẹr (“rot; disease”).
Cognate with
Bashkir серек (serek),
Tatar черек (çerek),
Kazakh шірік (şırık),
Kyrgyz чирик (cirik),
Karachay-Balkar чирик (çirik),
Kumyk чирик (çirik),
Uzbek chirik,
Uyghur چىرىك (chirik),
Azerbaijani çürük,
Turkish çürük (“rotten”),
etc.


эрик

From Proto-Turkic *erik (“strength, might, will, power”).
Cognate with
Old Turkic [script needed] (erk),
Old Uyghur [script needed] (erk, “power, will, dominance”), Kazakh ерік (erık),
Kyrgyz эрк (erk), эрик (erik),
Kumyk эрк (erk),
Uzbek erk (“will, liberty”); see also
Hungarian erő (“strength, force, power”).


сырт

head

сырт • (sïrt)

alt-noun

сырт • (sïrt)


эркек

From Proto-Turkic *ẹrkek. Cognate with Kazakh еркек (erkek), Kyrgyz эркек (erkek), Crimean Tatar erkek, Kumyk эркек (erkek), Azerbaijani erkək, Turkish erkek, etc.


кабык

head

кабык • (kabïk)

alt-noun

кабык • (kabïk)

kabïk (romanization)
кабык (absolute singular)
кабыктар (absolute plural)
кабыктыҥ (definite genitive singular)
кабыктардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
кабыкка (dative singular)
кабыктарга (dative plural)
кабыкты (accusative definite singular)
кабыктарды (accusative definite plural)
кабыкта (locative singular)
кабыктарда (locative plural)
кабыктаҥ (ablative singular)
кабыктардаҥ (ablative plural)

From Proto-Turkic *kāpuk (“bark; skin; shell”). Cognate with Kazakh қабық (qabyq),
Kyrgyz кабык (kabık), Bashkir ҡабыҡ (qabıq), Tatar кабык (qabıq), Crimean Tatar qabuq, Kumyk къабукъ (qabuq),
Uzbek qobiq (“skin, shell”),
Turkish kabuk (“shell”),
Tuvan хавык (xavık, “husk”),
Chuvash хупӑ (hup̬ă, “bark”), etc.


кайын

head

кайын • (kayïn)

From Proto-Turkic *kādïn (“relative-in-law”).


билим

From билер (biler) + -им (-im).
Compare to Kumyk билим (bilim).


мына

мына • (mïna)

From бу (bu), compare to Kazakh мынау (mynau), Nogai мунав (munav), etc.


каргыш

каргыш • (kargïš)

alt-noun

каргыш • (kargïš)


ыйык

head

ыйык • (ïyïk)

From Proto-Turkic *ïduk. Cognate with Kyrgyz ыйык (ıyık, “holy, sacred”).


саадак

Cognate with Bashkir һаҙаҡ (haźaq), Kazakh садақ (sadaq), Kyrgyz саадак (saadak), Kumyk садакъ (sadaq).


-й

Agglutinated after a verb stem which ends in a vowel, forming an imperfective converb

negative form
Appendix:Glossary#negative verb

Agglutinated after the negative form of a verb stem, forming a negative imperfective or associative converb


межик

межик • (mežik)

alt-noun

межик • (mežik)

From Common Turkic *bēšik, from Proto-Turkic *bẹĺčig.


Кадын

head

Кадын • (Kadïn)

Kadïn (romanization)
Кадын (absolute singular)
Кадындар (absolute plural)
Кадынныҥ (definite genitive singular)
Кадындардыҥ (definite genitive plural)
Кадынга (dative singular)
Кадындарга (dative plural)
Кадынды (accusative definite singular)
Кадындарды (accusative definite plural)
Кадында (locative singular)
Кадындарда (locative plural)
Кадыннаҥ (ablative singular)
Кадындардаҥ (ablative plural)

From Mongolic qatun (‘wife of qaqan’). See also кадыт (kadït, “woman; wife”).
Compare Written Oirat ᡍᠠᡐᡇᠨ (xatun), which was marked on Renat 1, a map of Dzungaria drawn in the 18th century.

Кадын суу


туулу

tuulu (romanization)
ornative (romanization)

From Proto-Turkic *tāg, equivalent to туу (tuu, “mountain”) + -лу (-lu, ornative suffix). Cognate with Kyrgyz тоолуу (tooluu), Kazakh таулы (tauly), Karachay-Balkar таулу (taulu), Kumyk тавлу (tawlu), Bashkir таулы (tawlı), Tatar таулы (tawlı), Azerbaijani dağlı, Turkish dağlı, Shor тағлығ, Khakas тағлығ (tağlığ), Tuvan даглыг (daglıg), etc.


болзо

third-person conditional-concessive of болор (bolor, affirmative stem)


албаты

head

албаты • (albatï)

alt-noun

албаты • (albatï)

Borrowed from Written Oirat ᠠᠯᡋᠠᡐᡇ (albatu, “subject”).


болордоҥ

head

болордоҥ • (bolordoŋ)

ablative supine of болор (bolor, affirmative stem)


болорго

From Proto-Turkic *bōl-; morphologically болор (bolor, stem) + -ор (-or, present participle suffix) + -го (-go, lative suffix).

suf

lative supine of болор (bolor, affirmative stem)


јетен

head

јетен • (ǰeten)


ичер

ичер • (ičer)

From Proto-Turkic *ič-. Cognate with
Karakhanid اِجْماكْ (ičmēk), Old Turkic 𐰃𐰲 (ič-); Kyrgyz ичүү (icüü), Kazakh ішу (ışu), Bashkir эсеү (esew), Tatar эчү (eçü), Karachay-Balkar ичерге (içerge), Kumyk ичмек (içmek), Azerbaijani içmək, Turkish içmek, Salar iş, Uzbek ichmoq, Shor ижерге (ižerge), Khakas ізерге (ìzerge), Tuvan ижер (ijer), Tofa ишер (išer), Yakut ис (is), Chuvash ӗҫ (ĕś), etc.

ичип ийер


сӱттӱ

сӱттӱ • (süttü)

alt-adj

сӱттӱ • (süttü)

equivalent to сӱт (süt, “milk”) + -тӱ (-tü, ornative suffix).


бычак

head

бычак • (bïčak)

alt-noun

бычак • (bïčak)


ундыыр

head

ундыыр • (undïïr)

From Proto-Turkic *umnït- (“to forget”). Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (unït-), Kyrgyz унутуу (unutuu), Kazakh ұмыту (ūmytu), Bashkir онотоу (onotow), Tatar онытырга (onıtırga), Azerbaijani unutmaq,
Turkish unutmak, Uzbek unutmoq, Shor ундударға (undudarɣa), Khakas ундирға (undirğa), Tuvan уттур (uttur), Yakut умун (umun), Chuvash ман (man), etc.

ундып салар


јиир

јиир • (ǰiir)

From Proto-Turkic *yē-. Cognate with Kyrgyz жөө (jöö), Kazakh жеу (jeu), Azerbaijani yemək, Turkish yemek, Turkmen iýmek, Salar yi, Uzbek yemoq, Uyghur يېمەك (yëmek), Shor чиирге (čiirge), Khakas чирге (çirge), Tuvan чиир (çiir), Tofa чиир (čiir), Yakut сиэ (sie), Chuvash ҫи (śi), etc.

јип салар ― ǰip salar ― to eat, perfectively


ачар

ачар • (ačar)

From Proto-Turkic *ač-. Cognate with
Karakhanid اَچْماقْ (ačmāq), Old Turkic 𐰲 (ač-); Kyrgyz ачуу (acuu), Kazakh ашу (aşu), Bashkir асыу (asıw), Kumyk ачмакъ (açmaq), Uzbek ochmoq, Azerbaijani açmaq, Turkish açmak, Turkmen açmak, Salar aş, Shor ашарға (ašarɣa), Khakas азарға (azarğa), Tuvan ажар (ajar), Tofa аъһяр (aʺhʹar), Western Yugur ač-, Yakut ас (as), Chuvash уҫ (uś), etc.

ачып ийер


бичиир

бичиир • (bičiir)

From Mongolic *biťi-, from Proto-Turkic *biti-.
Compare Tuvan бижиир (bijiir); Kalmyk бичх (biçx), Buryat бэшэхэ (bešexe), Mongolian бичих (bičix); also Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃 (b²it²i /biti-/).

бичип салар


јӱгӱрер

јӱгӱрер • (ǰügürer)

From Common Turkic *yügür- (“to run”).
Cognate with Kyrgyz жүгүрүү (jügürüü), Kazakh жүгіру (jügıru); Bashkir йүгереү (yügerew), Tatar йөгерергә (yögerergä), Uzbek yugurmoq, Uyghur يۈگۈرمەك (yügürmek), Azerbaijani yüyürmək, Shor чӱгӱрерге, Khakas чӱгӱрерге (çügürerge), Tuvan чүгүрер (çügürer), Yakut сүүр (süür), etc.

cog

Kyrgyz жүгүрүү (jügürüü)

Shor чӱгӱрерге

јӱгӱрип алар ― ǰügürip alar ― to run, perfectively


јӱгӱрӱк

head

јӱгӱрӱк • (ǰügürük)

alt-adj

јӱгӱрӱк • (ǰügürük)

From equivalent to јӱгӱрер (ǰügürer, “to run”) + -ӱк (-ük, ornative suffix).


билер

From Proto-Turkic *bil-. Cognate with
Karakhanid بِلْماكْ (bilmēk); Kyrgyz билүү (bilüü), Kazakh білу (bılu), Kumyk билмек (bilmek), Bashkir белеү (belew), Azerbaijani bilmək, Turkish bilmek, Uzbek bilmoq, Shor пилерге, Khakas пілерге (pìlerge), Tuvan билир (bilir), Tofa билир (bilir), биир (biir), Yakut бил (bil), Chuvash пӗл (pĕl), etc.

cog

Shor пилерге


јаар

head

јаар • (ǰaar)

From Proto-Turkic *yag- (“to rain”). Compare with Kyrgyz жаа (jaa), Kazakh жауу (jauu), Bashkir яуыу (yawıw), Karachay-Balkar джауаргъа (cauarğa), Azerbaijani yağmaq, Turkish yağmak, Turkmen ýagmak, Salar yağ, Shor чаарға (čaarɣa), Khakas чаарға (çaarğa), Tuvan чаар (çaar), Tofa чаар, etc.

Јааш јаап јат.

Кар јаап јат. ― Kar ǰaap ǰat. ― It’s snowing.


турадаҥ

турадаҥ • (turadaŋ)

ablative singular of тура (tura, “house; building; town; city”)


берер

berer (romanization)
берим (first-person singular)

From Proto-Turkic *bēr- (“to give”). Compare Kazakh берер (berer), Kyrgyz берүү (berüü), Karaim bermek, Karachay-Balkar берирге (berirge), Kumyk бермек (bermek), Crimean Tatar bermek, Tatar бирергә (birergä), Uzbek bermoq, Uyghur بەرمەك (bermek), Salar ve, Azerbaijani vermək, Turkish vermek, Turkmen bermek, Northern Altai перерге (pererge), Shor перерге (pererge), Khakas пирерге (pirerge), Tuvan бээр (beer), Tofa бәәр (bäär), Yakut биэр (bier) Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐰼 (b²ir² /ber-/), etc.

Бичип бердим.

Меге кычырып бер

(auxiliary, after a perfective converb) Used to form an irreflexive benefactive verb

Футболчылар ойной бердилер.

Football/Soccer players started playing.

(auxiliary, after a imperfective converb) Used to form a inchoative verb


ойноор

From Proto-Turkic *oyna-. Cognate with Kyrgyz ойноо (oynoo), Kazakh ойнау (oinau), Karaim ойна-, Kumyk ойнамакъ (oynamaq), Karachay-Balkar ойнаргъа (oynarğa), Uzbek oʻynamoq, Turkmen oýnamak, Azerbaijani oynamaq, Turkish oynamak, Salar oyna, Shor ойнарға (oynarɣa), Khakas ойнирға (oynirğa), Tuvan ойнаар (oynaar), Yakut оонньуур (oonnyuur), Western Yugur uyna-, etc.

ойноп ийер


кӱлер

кӱлер • (küler)

Compare with Tuvan хүлер (xüler) and Tofa һүлер (hüler).


кӱлер

кӱлер • (küler)


кӱлер

кӱлер • (küler)


согор

From Proto-Turkic *sok- (“to pierce, stick into”). Cognate with Kazakh соғу (soğu, “to beat”), Kyrgyz согуу (soguu, “to beat”), Azerbaijani soxmaq, Turkish sokmak, Khakas соғарға (soğarğa, “beat”), etc.


јажаар

head

јажаар • (ǰažaar)

From Common Turkic *yāša-. Cognate with Kazakh жасау (jasau), Kyrgyz жашоо (jaşoo), Kumyk яшамакъ (yaşamaq), Azerbaijani yaşamaq, Turkish yaşamak, Shor чажарға, Khakas чазирға (çazirğa), Western Yugur yasa-, etc.

cog

Shor чажарға


кӧрӧр

head

кӧрӧр • (körör)

From Proto-Turkic *köri-, *kör- (“to see, look”). Cognate with кӧс (kös), Other turkic cognates with Kazakh көру (köru), Kyrgyz көрүү (körüü), Kumyk гёрмек (görmek), Azerbaijani görmək, Turkish görmek, Khakas кӧрерге, Shor кӧрерге (“to look”), Western Yugur kör-, etc.

cog

Khakas кӧрерге


келер

From Proto-Turkic *kẹl-. Cognate with Kazakh келу (kelu), Kyrgyz келүү (kelüü), Crimean Tatar kelmek, Kumyk гелмек (gelmek), Azerbaijani gəlmək, Turkish gelmek, Uzbek kelmoq, Khakas килерге (kilerge), Shor келерге, Yakut кэл (kel), Western Yugur kel-, etc.

Shor келерге


коргожын

head

коргожын • (korgožïn)

From Proto-Turkic *korguĺčïn (“lead”). Cognate with Kazakh қорғасын (qorğasyn), Kyrgyz коргошун (korgoşun) ,Karaim коргъасын / Karaim коргъашын, Krymchak къуршун, Shor қорғачын etc.

cog

Karaim коргъасын

Karaim коргъашын

Shor қорғачын


конор

konor (romanization)
конум (first-person singular)

From Proto-Turkic *kon- (“to spend a night”). Cognate with Kyrgyz конуу (konuu), Kazakh қону (qonu), Karachay-Balkar къонаргъа (qonarğa), Kumyk къонмакъ (qonmaq), Bashkir ҡуныу (qunıw), Tatar кунарга (qunarga), Azerbaijani qonmaq, Turkish konmak, Shor қонарға, Khakas хонарға (xonarğa), Tuvan хонар (xonar), Tofa ӄонар, Yakut хон (qon), etc.

Shor қонарға

Табыш угуларда, олор ончозы турадаҥ чыга кондылар.

When the noise was heard, all of them went out (rapidly) from the room.

Tabïš ugularda, olor ončozï turadaŋ čïga kondïlar.

Кӱлер ээрди кучактанып, Эркин-Коо чыга конды.

1959–1995, Алтай баатырлар [Altay baatïrlar], Gorno-Altaisk: Горно-Алтайское отделение Алтайского книжного издательства [Gorno-Altajskoje otdelenije Altajskovo knižnovo izdatelʹstva]:

Holding a bronze saddle, Erkin-Koo went out (rapidly).

(auxiliary) Used after an imperfective converb, expressing the rapidness of an action.


кезер

From Proto-Turkic *kes- (“to cut”). Cognate with Kazakh кесу (kesu), Kyrgyz кесүү (kesüü), Kumyk гесмек (gesmek), Azerbaijani kəsmək, Turkish kesmek, Khakas кизерге (kizerge), Shor кезерге, Western Yugur kes-, Tuvan кезер (kezer) etc.

Shor кезерге


кирбик

From Proto-Turkic *kirpik (“eyelash”).
Cognate with Turkish kirpik (“eyelash”).


э-

e- (alternative)
эдим (first-person singular)

From Proto-Turkic *er-. Compare to Turkish imek.

Used after a past participle, forming the pluperfect tense of a verb.

Used after a future participle, forming the future in the past tense of a verb.


тырмак

head

тырмак • (tïrmak)

alt-noun

тырмак • (tïrmak)

From Proto-Turkic *dïrŋa-k (“finger-nail, claw”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃𐰃𐰺𐰭𐰴 (tïrŋaq, “fingernail”), Kazakh тырнақ (tyrnaq), Kyrgyz тырмак (tırmak), Crimean Tatar tırnak, Kumyk тырнакъ (tırnaq), Azerbaijani dırnaq, Turkish tırnak, Khakas тырғах (tırğax), Shor тырбақ, Western Yugur tïrmaq/ tïrğaq, etc.


учар

head

учар • (učar)

From Proto-Turkic *uč- (“to fly”). Cognate with Karakhanid [script needed] (uč-); Kyrgyz учуу (ucuu), Kazakh ұшу (ūşu), Karachay-Balkar учаргъа (uçarğa), Kumyk учмакъ (uçmaq), Bashkir осоу (osow), Tatar очарга (oçarga), Uzbek uchmoq, Azerbaijani uçmaq, Turkish uçmak, Turkmen uçmaq, Salar uş, Tuvan ужар (ujar), Tofa уъһяр, Western Yugur uč-, etc.
Compare also Shor учуғар and Khakas учуғар (uçuğar).


ӧзӧр

ӧзӧр • (özör)

From Proto-Turkic *ös- (“to grow”).
Cognate with Kazakh өсу (ösu), Kyrgyz өсүү (ösüü), Crimean Tatar ösmek, Kumyk оьсмек (ösmek), dialectal Turkish ösmek, Khakas ӧзерге, Shor ӧзерге, etc.

cog

Khakas ӧзерге


јолдош

head

јолдош • (ǰoldoš)

From јол (ǰol, “road”) + -дош (-doš, ornative suffix). Cognate with Kazakh жолдас (joldas), Kyrgyz жолдош (joldoş), Kumyk ёлдаш (yoldaş), Azerbaijani yoldaş, Turkish yoldaş, Bashkir юлдаш (yuldaş), ; Shor чолдаш (“tourist”), etc.


јаа

From Proto-Turkic *yā(y) (“bow”). Cognate with Kazakh жай (jai), Kyrgyz жаа (jaa), Kumyk жая (jaya), Azerbaijani yay, Turkish yay, Turkmen ýāý, Uzbek yoy, Shor чачақ, Tuvan ча (ça), Western Yugur ya (“arrow”), etc.


кожык

head

кожык • (kožïk)

From Kipchak قاشوق (kaşuk), from Proto-Turkic *kaĺuk (“spoon”).Cognate with Kazakh қасық (qasyq), Kyrgyz кашык (kaşık), Kumyk къашыкъ (qaşıq), Azerbaijani qaşıq, Turkish kaşık, Uzbek qoshiq, Shor қажық, Tofa ӄаъһиӄ, etc.


јебе

јебе • (ǰebe)

Relate to Kazakh жебе (jebe), Kyrgyz жебе (jebe).


ыргак

ыргак • (ïrgak)

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (ïrγaγ, “hook”); Bashkir ырғаҡ (ırğaq), Kazakh ырғақ (yrğaq), Uyghur ئىرغاق (irghaq), Khakas ырғах (ırğax, “hook”); Tuvan ыргак (ırgak, “crooked, curved”), etc.


канча

head

канча • (kanča)

Cognate with Kazakh қанша (qanşa), Kyrgyz канча (kanca), Old Turkic [script needed] (kač), Turkish kaç, etc.


кеҥ

From Proto-Turkic *kēŋ (“wide, broad”). Cognate with Kazakh кең (keñ), Kyrgyz кең (keŋ), Crimean Tatar keñ, Kumyk генг (geñ), Uzbek keng, Uyghur keng, Shor кең, Western Yugur ken, etc.


кӧлӧтки

кӧлӧтки • (kölötki)

From Proto-Turkic *köl- (“shadow, shade”).
Cognate with Kazakh көлеңке (köleñke), Kyrgyz көлөгө (kölögö), Crimean Tatar kölge, Kumyk гёлентки (gölentki), Azerbaijani kölgə, Turkish gölge, Turkmen kölege, Uzbek koʻlanka, Khakas кӧлек, Shor кӧлетки, Western Yugur küleke, etc.

cog

Shor кӧлетки


јеҥӱ

head

јеҥӱ • (ǰeŋü)

alt-noun

јеҥӱ • (ǰeŋü)


ойынчык

head

ойынчык • (oyïnčïk)

From *oyïnčïq (“toy”), from *oyïn (“game”), from Proto-Turkic *oy- (“to play; to jump”).
Immediately cognate with Tatar уенчык (uyençıq), Kazakh ойыншық (oiynşyq), Kyrgyz оюнчук (oyuncuk), Bashkir уйынсыҡ (uyınsıq, “toy”), Uyghur ئويۇنچۇق (oyunchuq, “toy”).
Note the parallel archetype *oyïnčaq (“toy”), whence Uzbek oʻyinchoq, Turkish oyuncak, Turkmen oýunjak (“toy”), Karaim ойунцак.

cog

Karaim ойунцак


јеҥӱчи

head

јеҥӱчи • (ǰeŋüči)

alt-noun

јеҥӱчи • (ǰeŋüči)

From јеҥӱ (ǰeŋü, “win”) + -чи (-či, affix forming an agent noun).
Compare to
Tatar жиңүче (jiñüçe, “winner”),
Kazakh жеңуші (jeñuşı, “winner”),
Kyrgyz жеңүүчү (jeŋüücü, “winner”),
Bashkir еңеүсе (yeñewse, “winner”),
Turkmen ýeňiji (“winner”).


јоон

head

јоон • (ǰoon)

From Proto-Turkic *yogan (“thick”).
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (joγan, “thick”); Kazakh жуан (juan), Kyrgyz жоон (joon), Bashkir йыуан (yıwan),Uzbek yoʻgʻon, Azerbaijani yoğun, Turkish yoğun, Khakas чоон (çoon), Shor чоон, Western Yugur yoɣun/ yoɣïn, Tofa нёон, Yakut суон (suon, “thick”), etc.


очок

head

очок • (očok)

alt-noun

очок • (očok)

From *ōčaq ~ očuq "fireplace", from Proto-Turkic *ōt (“fire”).
Cognate with Old Uyghur [script needed] (očuq); Old Uyghur [script needed] (otčuq), Kazakh ошақ (oşaq), Crimean Tatar oçaq / ocaq, Kyrgyz очок (ocok), Kumyk очакъ (oçaq), Uzbek oʻchoq, Turkish ocak, Yakut оһох (ohoq), Chuvash вучах (vuč̬ah), etc.


тоҥдырма

head

тоҥдырма • (toŋdïrma)

From тоҥдыр- (toŋdïr-) + -ма (-ma). Cognate with Kyrgyz тоңдурма (toŋdurma), Bashkir туңдырма (tuñdırma), Tatar туңдырма (tuñdırma), Azerbaijani dondurma, Turkish dondurma, Turkmen doňdurma, etc.


јеҥер

јеҥер • (ǰeŋer)

From Proto-Turkic *yeŋ- (“to win”). Cognates with Kazakh жеңу (jeñu), Kyrgyz жеңүү (jeŋüü), Crimean Tatar yeñmek, Kumyk енгмек (yeñmek), Turkish yenmek (“to defeat”), Khakas чиңерге (çiñerge), Shor нег-, etc.


јаҥыдаҥ

јаҥыдаҥ • (ǰaŋïdaŋ)

From *yaŋï-dan /*yaŋa-dan (“again, anew”), originally ablative of Proto-Turkic *yaŋï, Proto-Turkic *yaŋa. Cognate with Kazakh жаңадан (jañadan), Kyrgyz жаңыдан (jaŋıdan), Kumyk янгыдан (yañıdan), Turkish yeniden, Uzbek yangidan, Bashkir яңыдан (yañıdan), etc.


јеҥил

јеҥил • (ǰeŋil)

alt-adj

јеҥил • (ǰeŋil)

From Proto-Turkic *yeñgül (“light; easy”).
Cognate with
Old Uyghur [script needed] (jeŋil, “easy”);
Bashkir еңел (yeñel), Tatar җиңел (ciñel), Kazakh жеңіл (jeñıl), Kyrgyz жеңил (jeŋil), Crimean Tatar yengil,
Kumyk енгил (yeñil, “light; easy”), Azerbaijani yüngül (“light”), Turkish yeğni, Uzbek yengil, Khakas ниик (niik), Shor ниик, Western Yugur žig, Chuvash ҫӑмӑл (śămăl, “light; easy”).


тоҥор

head

тоҥор • (toŋor)

From Proto-Turkic *toŋ- (“to freeze”).
Cognate with Kazakh тоңу (toñu), Kyrgyz тоңуу (toŋuu), Crimean Tatar toñmaq, Azerbaijani donmaq, Turkish donmak, Turkmen doňmak, Uzbek toʻngmoq, Khakas тоорға (toorğa), Shor тоң-, Western Yugur toŋ-, etc.


јаҥы

јаҥы • (ǰaŋï)

From Proto-Turkic *yaŋï. Cognate with Kazakh жаңа (jaña), Kyrgyz жаңы (jaŋı), Crimean Tatar yañı, Kumyk янгы (yañı), Azerbaijani yeni, Turkish yeni, Uzbek yangi, Khakas наа (naa), Northern Altai дьаа (dʹaa), Tuvan чаа (çaa), Western Yugur yaŋa, etc.


ыйлаар

ыйлаар • (ïylaar)

From Common Turkic *yï̄gla-. Cognate with Kazakh жылау (jylau), Kyrgyz ыйлоо (ıyloo), Crimean Tatar ağlamaq, Kumyk йыламакъ (yılamaq), Azerbaijani ağlamaq ,Turkish ağlamak, Turkmen aglamak, Uzbek yigʻlamoq, Uyghur يىغلىماق (yighlimaq), Khakas ылғирға (ılğirğa), Shor ылғарға, Western Yugur yïɣla-, Yakut ыйылаа (ıyılaa), etc.

cog

Shor ылғарға


коҥору

head

коҥору • (koŋoru)

alt-noun

коҥору • (koŋoru)

From Proto-Turkic *koñra- (“to ring, toll”).
Cognate with
Kazakh қоңырау (qoñyrau, “bell”),
Kyrgyz коңгуроо (koŋguroo, “bell”),Tatar qıñıraw, Kumyk къонгурав (qoñuraw),
Uzbek qo'ng'iroq (“bell; telephone call”),
Uyghur قوڭغۇراق (qongghuraq, “bell; ring”),
Khakas хонъро (xonʺro, “cowbell”), Tuvan коңга (koñga), Western Yugur qoŋïraq, etc.


сыҥар

head

сыҥар • (sïŋar)

From Proto-Turkic *sɨŋar. Cognate with Kazakh сыңар (syñar), Kyrgyz сыңар (sıŋar, “one of pair”), Crimean Tatar sıñar, Kumyk сынгар (sıñar), Tatar сыңар (sıñar) / sıñar, Western Yugur sïŋar, etc.
Possibly also compare Yakut аҥар (añar).


сиҥир

сиҥир • (siŋir)

alt-noun

сиҥир • (siŋir)

From Proto-Turkic *siŋir (“sinew”). Cognate with Kazakh сіңір (sıñır), Kyrgyz сиңир (siŋir), Crimean Tatar siñir, Kumyk сингир (siñir), Tatar сеңер (señer), Azerbaijani sinir, Turkish sinir, Turkmen siňir, Uzbek singir, Khakas сиир (siir), Tuvan сиир (siir), etc.


јип

From Proto-Turkic *yip, *yïp (“thread”). Cognate with Kazakh жіп (jıp), Kyrgyz жип (jip), Tatar җеп (cep), Crimean Tatar ip/ yip, Azerbaijani ip, Turkish ip, Turkmen ýüp, Uzbek ip, Khakas чип (çip), Shor чип, Western Yugur yip (“thread”), etc.


алту

From *altağu (“six as a group”), from Proto-Turkic *altï (“six”).
Cognate with
Kazakh алтау (altau, “six as a group”), Kyrgyz алтоо (altoo), Kumyk алтав (altaw), etc.


јарык

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јарык • (ǰarïk)

alt-noun

јарык • (ǰarïk)


јибек

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јибек • (ǰibek)

alt-noun

јибек • (ǰibek)

Probably a derivation of Proto-Turkic *yip (“thread”). Cognate with Crimean Tatar ipek / yipek, Kumyk йибек (yibek), Azerbaijani ipək, Turkish ipek, Turkmen ýüpek, Uzbek ipak, Kazakh жібек (jıbek), Kyrgyz жибек (jibek), Khakas чібек (çìbek), etc.


јирме

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јирме • (ǰirme)

From Proto-Turkic *yẹgirmi (“twenty”). Cognate with Kazakh жиырма (jiyrma), Kyrgyz жыйырма (jıyırma), Crimean Tatar yigirmi, Karachay-Balkar джыйырма (cıyırma), Kumyk йигирма (yigirma), Azerbaijani iyirmi, Turkish yirmi, Turkmen ýigrimi, Uzbek yigirmi, Khakas чибірге (çibìrge), Shor чегирбе, Tuvan чээрби (çeerbi), Western Yugur yïɣïrma, etc.

cog

Shor чегирбе


тӧжи

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тӧжи • (töži)

alt-noun

тӧжи • (töži)

Relate to Kyrgyz дөшү (döşü), Tuvan дөжү (döjü), etc.


тежик

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тежик • (težik)

alt-noun

тежик • (težik)

From Proto-Turkic *deĺ-, Cognates with Kazakh тесік (tesık), Kyrgyz тешик (teşik), Crimean Tatar teşik, Kumyk тешик (teşik), Azerbaijani deşik, Turkish deşik, Uzbek teshik, Khakas тизік (tizìk), Shor тежик, etc.


ташкын

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ташкын • (taškïn)

From *tašqïn (“flood”), from Proto-Turkic *d(i)āĺ- (“to overflow”).
Cognate with Bashkir ташҡын (taşqın),
Tatar ташкын (taşkın),
Kazakh тасқын (tasqyn),
Kyrgyz ташкын (taşkın),
Khakas тасхын (tasxın),
Shor ташқын,
Uzbek toshqin,
Uyghur تاشقىن (tashqin),
Turkmen daşgyn,
Azerbaijani daşqın (“flood”),
etc.


јажыл

јажыл • (ǰažïl)

From Proto-Turkic *yāĺïl. Cognate with Kazakh жасыл (jasyl), Nogai ясыл (yasıl), Kyrgyz жашыл (jaşıl), Crimean Tatar yeşil, Kumyk яшыл (yaşıl), Azerbaijani yaşıl, Gagauz eşil, Turkish yeşil, Turkmen ýaşyl, Uzbek yashil, Shor чажыл, Western Yugur yasəl, etc.