open

zlw-slv-adj

open (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from German Low German open. Compare Kashubian ôpen and Greater Polish hapem .


góra

zlw-slv-noun

góra f (diminutive górka, related adjective górny or górzëszczô)

górka (diminutive)
górny (adjective)
górzëszczô (adjective)

mountain (elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit)


bal

bal m inan (diminutive balëk, related adjective balôwy)

ball (round or roundish object, most commonly used in games)


barón

barón m animal (diminutive barónk, related adjective baranjy)


w

denotes illative movement; into, in, to [with accusative]

denotes position in time; in, on [with accusative]

denotes inessive position; in, at, on [with locative]

denotes position in time; in, on [with locative]


brat

brat (nominative singular)
brata (dual nominative)
bracë (nominative plural)
bratë (nominative plural)
braco (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
brató (genitive plural)
bratú (dative singular)
bratôma (dative dual)
bratma (dative dual)
bratóm (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
brata (accusative dual)
brató (accusative plural)
brata (instrumental singular)
bratôma (dual instrumental)
bratma (dual instrumental)
braty (instrumental plural)
bratmy (instrumental plural)
bratamy (instrumental plural)
bracê (locative singular)
bracéch (locative plural)
bratach (locative plural)
bracê (singular vocative)
brata (dual vocative)
bracë (plural vocative)
bratë (plural vocative)
braco (plural vocative)

brother (son of the same parents as another person)


las

forest, woods (dense uncultivated tract of trees)


ga

introduces either a dependent or interrogative clause in reference to time; when


ach

ah! expresses surprise, fear, pleasure, sadness, sudden understanding


baba

baba f (diminutive babjina, augmentative babjiszczô or babskô, related adjective babjy, possessive adjective babjyn)

babjina (diminutive)
babjiszczô (augmentative)
babskô (augmentative)
babjy (adjective)
babjyn (adjective possessive)
baba (nominative singular)
babjê (dual nominative)
babë (nominative plural)
babë (genitive singular)
bob (genitive plural)
babjê (dative singular)
babôma (dative dual)
babóm (dative plural)
babã (accusative singular)
babë (accusative plural)
babõ (instrumental singular)
babôma (dual instrumental)
babamy (instrumental plural)
babjê (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *baba, ultimately from nursery language.

onom

nursery language


denotes superessive position; on [with locative]

denotes sublative movement; onto [with accusative]

denotes time for which consequences of something may occur; for [with accusative]

denotes day on which something occurs; on


omen

Borrowed from Polish amen. Compare Kashubian amen.


kam

stone (piece of rock that has been separated)


alarm

zlw-slv-noun

alarm m inan (related adjective alarmôwy)

Borrowed from German Alarm. Compare Kashubian alarm and Polish alarm.


-y

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъjь, the definite form of hard-stem adjectives. See *jь.

aptécznjik + -y → aptécznjiczy


mac

mother (human female who begets a child)


olf

(mythology) alf (legendary dragon that brings treasures to its master)

paper dragon (figure made of paper resembling a dragon)


story

zlw-slv-adj

story (comparative starszy, superlative nostarszy, no derived adverb)

starszy (comparative)
nostarszy (superlative)


-ka

bednorz + -ka → bednorka

jagôda + -ka → jagódka

forms feminine nouns, sometimes diminutive in nature


adresa

Borrowed from German Adresse. Compare Greater Polish adresa, Kashubian adresa, and Silesian adresa.


za

denotes movement; behind, beyond [with accusative]

denotes object being grabbed; by [with accusative]

denotes time after which something happens; in [with accusative]

denotes object of defense, help, etc.; for [with accusative]

denotes object of exchange; for [with accusative]

denotes aim or object of determination; for [with accusative]

denotes manner of buying and selling; for [with accusative]

denotes location; behind [with instrumental]

denotes object of desire; for [with instrumental]


jak

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).


jo

Borrowed from German ja (“yes; yes!”). Compare Kashubian jo (“yes”), Silesian ja (“yes”), regional Polish ja (“yes”).


aj

Onomatopoeic. Compare Kashubian aj, Polabian ai̯, and Polish aj.


nad

denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]

denotes movement, particularly in relation to a body of water; to [with accusative]

denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]

denotes location, particularly in relation to a body of water; on, by [with instrumental]

denotes extension past something; above, beyond [with instrumental]

over (indicates relative status, authority or power) [with instrumental]


bas

Borrowed from German Bass. Compare Kashubian bas and Polish bas.

(music) bass, double bass (largest stringed instrument of the violin family)


dac

(ditransitive) to give (to change ownership)

dac sã w drôgã

(reflexive with sã) to get into, to get involved, to undertake something

(reflexive with sã) to let, to allow oneself (to permit a particular thing to happen to a person)


ama

wet nurse (woman hired to suckle another woman's child)


april

zlw-slv-noun

april m inan (related adjective aprilôwy)

Borrowed from German April. Compare Kashubian aprël.


a

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and; but”).


dama

Borrowed from German Damm. Compare Kashubian dama.


opa

opa m animal (female equivalent opôwo or opka, diminutive opk, related adjective opôwy or opjy or opskjy, possessive adjective opó)

opôwo (feminine)
opka (feminine)
opk (diminutive)
opôwy (adjective)
opjy (adjective)
opskjy (adjective)
opó (adjective possessive)


dana

Borrowed from Middle Low German danne. Compare Kashubian dana.


sã

used to form impersonal present or future tense


ort

Borrowed from German Art. Compare Kashubian ôrt.


sê

denotes delative movement; off of [with genitive]


sê

denotes comitative or sociative relation; with, alongside [with instrumental]

denotes instrumental relation; with, by means of [with instrumental]


ernst

zlw-slv-adj

ernst (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)


-ac

pamjãc + -ac → pamjãtac


-ac

Phonetic reduction of Proto-Slavic *-ovati

Alternative form: -ôwac

pôkázac pf + -ac → pôkazác impf


moly

moly (comparative mjênszy, superlative nomjênszy, derived adverb malô)

mjênszy (comparative)
nomjênszy (superlative)


arba

Borrowed from German Erbe. Compare Kashubian erba and Silesian erb.

inheritance; heritage; legacy; bequest (property that is bequeathed and inherited)


apel

Borrowed from German Appell. Compare Kashubian apel and Polish apel.


proca

Borrowed from Middle Polish práca. Compare Kashubian prôca.


-ic

bagnjy + -ic → bagnjic


-yn

baba + -yn → babjyn


barka

(nautical) barque (sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged)


roz

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rȃzъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from razëc.


król

A type rare fish, with only one specimen having been caught.


starac

(reflexive with sã) to attempt, to try (to make efforts to do or achieve)

(reflexive with sã) to strive for, to try for (to attempt to acquire)


baraka

Borrowed from German Baracke. Compare Kashubian barak and Polish barak.


arak

Borrowed from Polish arak. Compare Kashubian arak.

arak (clear, unsweetened, aniseed-flavored alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant)


-ica

balka + -ica → balczica

forms feminine nouns, sometimes diminutive in nature


za-

mjêszkac + za- → zamjêszkac

ochac + za- → zaochac

forms perfective verbs with an inchoative meaning


nasz

(possessive) First person plural possessive pronoun; our, ours


mój

first person possessive pronoun; my, mine


prawy

Coordinate term: lêwy

right (designating the side of the body which is positioned to the east if one is facing north)


kry

blood (vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen)


rëba

zlw-slv-noun

rëba f (diminutive rëbëczka, augmentative rëbjiszczô, related adjective rëbjy)

rëbëczka (diminutive)
rëbjiszczô (augmentative)
rëbjy (adjective)

fish (cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, moving with the help of fins and breathing with gills)


Bóg

Mój Bôżê, cesz njy ja? Njinja ny ce zabjijõ.

1905, Friedrich Lorentz, Slovinzische Texte, page 48:

A ty ksãzê bëly sêszly dô grëpë ós cêly te zwônë z d rzêgji búten krac ós prôsëly Bôga vó te zwônë.

1905, Friedrich Lorentz, Slovinzische Texte, page 98:


të

Second person informal singular pronoun; you


jãzëk

(anatomy) tongue (fleshy muscular organ in the mouth of a mammal)

language (method of interhuman communication)


blós

Borrowed from German bloß. Compare Kashubian blós.


bëcé

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bytьje. By surface analysis, bëc + -cé.


anys

Borrowed from German Anis. Compare Kashubian anys and Polish anyż.

Pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum#Translingual


gadac

(transitive, intransitive) to speak, to talk (to vocalize using words)


rãka

rãka f (diminutive rãczka, augmentative rãcziszczô, related adjective rãczny)

rãczka (diminutive)
rãcziszczô (augmentative)
rãczny (adjective)


przëbaczac

From przëbaczic + -ac. Compare Kashubian przëbaczac.

+obj

(transitive) to remind (to cause someone to remember something from the past) [with dative ‘whom’ and accusative ‘of what’]

(reflexive with sã) to remind oneself, to remember, to recall (to bring to mind people or events from the past)


achtel

Borrowed from German Achtel. Compare Kashubian achtel and Polish achtel.


bëc

bëwac (frequentative)
bëc (infinitive singular)
jêm (present singular)
jês (present singular)
jê (present singular third-person)
jêsta (present singular third-person)
bóm (future singular)
bõdã (future singular)
bõsz (future singular)
bõ (future singular third-person)
bãdzë (imperative singular)
bãdzë (imperative singular third-person)
jêsma (dual present)
jêsmë (dual present)
jêsta (dual present)
jêste (dual present)
bóma (dual future)
bómë (dual future)
bõta (dual future)
bõte (dual future)
bãdzëma (dual imperative)
bãdzëta (dual imperative)
bãdzëte (dual imperative)
jêsmë (plural present)
jêsce (plural present)
sõ (plural present third-person)
bómë (future plural)
bõce (future plural)
bõdõ (future plural third-person)
bãdzëmë (imperative plural)
bãdzëce (imperative plural)
bél (masculine virile)
bëla (feminine singular)
bëlô (neuter nonvirile)
bëla
bële (neuter singular)
bëly
bãdõcy (plural)
bãdõce (adverbial participle plural present)
bëcé (noun-from-verb plural)

(copulative) to be indicates sameness or membership in a class

(copulative) to be auxilary verb used for predication [with adjective]

(auxiliary) in future tense, forms future tense of imperfective verbs [with infinitive or past-tense clause]

(auxiliary) forms pluperfect tense [with past-tense clause]

(auxiliary) forms the passive voice [with passive participle]


bóg

bóżk (diminutive)
bóg (nominative singular)
bôga (dual nominative)
bôgji (nominative plural)
bôgă (genitive singular)
bôgó (genitive plural)
bôgú (dative singular)
bôgôma (dative dual)
bôgóm (dative plural)
bóg (accusative singular)
bôgji (accusative plural)
bôgã (instrumental singular)
bôgôma (dual instrumental)
bôgamy (instrumental plural)
bôgú (locative singular)
bɵgach (locative plural)
bôżë (singular vocative)


sprawa

affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)


próba

attempt, effort try (something done in the aim of accomplishing something)


kùrwa

zlw-slv-noun

kùrwa f (diminutive kùrewka, related adjective kùrewny)

kùrewka (diminutive)
kùrewny (adjective)

(vulgar) bitch, slut (sexually unreserved woman)


twój

singular second person possessive pronoun; your, yours; thy, thine


swój

reflexive-possessive pronoun one's own; my, his, her, its, our, your, their


wasz

second person plural possessive pronoun; your

polite second person singular possessive pronoun; your


kóń

kóń m animal (related adjective kóńskjy)

Equus ferus caballus
Equus ferus caballus#Translingual

horse (hoofed mammal, Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history for riding and draft work)


pacht

pacht m inan (related adjective pachtôwy)

Borrowed from German Pacht. Compare Kashubian pacht and Polish pacht.


z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones


na-

na- + ochac → naochac

added to verbs to make them perfective, often meaning "to do X verb much or enough"


-k

barón + -k → barónk

czwjorty (“fourth”) + -k → susk (“Thursday”)


ataka

Borrowed from German Attacke. Compare Kashubian ataka and Polish atak.


-oc

babji + -oc → babjoc

forms intransitive verbs from adjectives meaning "to become"


wôda

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō
Proto-Slavic *voda
Slovincian wôda
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *voda.


dlo

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьľa, *děľa.

for, in aid of (intended to benefit, cure, support, etc.)


jagódka

From jagôda + -ka. Compare Kashubian jagódka and Polish jagódka.


paczka

From pak + -ka. Compare Kashubian paczk and Polish paczka.

bundle, pack, packet, batch, sheaf, package, parcel


taks

(administration) tax; fee (fixed official fee charged for certain services)


arest

Borrowed from German Arrest. Compare Kashubian areszt and Polish areszt.


cô

introduces a subordinate clause; that; in order to


cô

relative pronoun; that what..., which, that


-ô

czãsty + -ô → czãstô


-ô

prawy + -ô → prawô


abô

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *abo. Compare Kashubian abo, Polish abo.


njic

thread (long, thin and flexible form of material)


-izna

barón + -izna → baranjizna


-ã

opa + -ã → opjã

forms neuter nouns, especially referring to young animals or young people


fejn

Borrowed from German fein. Compare Kashubian fëjn and Greater Polish fejn.


brac

(transitive) to take (to grab with the hands)

(reflexive with sã) to get started, to get to action

(reflexive with sã) to prepare oneself [with dô (+ genitive) ‘for what’]


pô

denotes location; behind [with accusative]

denotes point to which an action lasts; up to [with accusative]

denotes destination of movement; up to [with accusative]

denotes distributive meaning with a numeral; each; per [with accusative]

denotes conformity according to which something happens; along, according to [with dative]

denotes distributive meaning with stô and tësinc; each [with dative]

with an ordinal numeral, denotes position in a sequence or enumeration; of all [with dative or locative]

(rare) denotes movement along a surface; along, around [with dative]

denotes movement along a surface; along, around [with locative or (rarely) dative]


stac

(reflexive with sã) to happen (to take place at a particular time)

(reflexive with sã) to become (to change into, to start being)


-ny

aléj + -ny → alejny


-aty

żwama + -aty → żwamaty

forms adjectives meaning "similar to", "like" -y, -like


kôlanô

tension wood in a small flat-bottomed boat


brôdaty

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bordàtъ. By surface analysis, brôda + -aty.


jajê

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȃje (“egg”).


wóz

wagon, cart (four-wheeled vehicle typically drawn by a horse)


séc

net (device made from such mesh, used for catching fish, butterflies, etc.)

(in the plural) full-length fishing rod with cords


latô

latô (nominative singular)
lêcê (dual nominative)
lata (nominative plural)
lata (genitive singular)
lata (genitive plural)
latú (dative singular)
latóma (dative dual)
latóm (dative plural)
latô (accusative singular)
lêcê (accusative dual)
lata (accusative plural)
latã (instrumental singular)
latóma (dual instrumental)
laty (instrumental plural)
latamy (instrumental plural)
lêcê (locative singular)
lêcéch (locative plural)
latach (locative plural)


téż

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tъže. By surface analysis, tê(n) + -że.


nôsëc

zlw-slv-verb

nôsëc impf (indeterminate, imperfective determinate njêsc)

(transitive) to carry; to bear (to lift (something) and take it to another place; to transport (something) by lifting)

(transitive) to wear (to carry or have equipped on or about one's body, as an item of clothing, equipment, decoration, etc.)


bjêgac

(intransitive) to run, to jog (to move quickly with one's legs)


njêsc

njêsc impf (determinate, indeterminate nôsëc)

(transitive) to carry (to transport by lifting)

to carry (to transport by lifting)
to carry a weapon


dzeń

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьnь (“day”).

inh+

bjoly dzeń

day; daytime (period between sunrise and sundown)


-ëk

bal + -ëk → balëk


scana

zlw-slv-noun

scana f (diminutive scónka, related adjective scanny)

wall (each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure)


wjater

wjater m inan (related adjective wjatrôwy)

wind (real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure)


atest

Borrowed from German Attest. Compare Kashubian atest and Polish atest.


trzëmac

(transitive) to hold (to keep something in one's hand, fingers, teeth, etc., not letting go)

(transitive) to hold, to keep; to stop (to cause a person or animal to stay somewhere against his, her, or its will)

(transitive) to hallow, to bless (to make holy)

(reflexive with sã) to stop (to cease moving)

(reflexive with sã) to have to [with sê (+ instrumental) ‘what’]

(reflexive with sã) to stick to (to not let go)


pón

ladies and gentlemen
ladies and gentlemen

(in the plural) term of address to a group; ladies and gentlemen


nôs

nôs m inan (diminutive nôsyk or nôsk, augmentative nôsëszczô)

nôsyk (diminutive)
nôsk (diminutive)
nôsëszczô (augmentative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús
Proto-Slavic *nosъ
Slovincian nôs
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

etymon

(anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)


termyn

zlw-slv-noun

termyn m inan (related adjective termynôwy)

Borrowed from German Termin. Compare Kashubian termin and Polish termin.

term (time set aside to do something, defined as a certain period or as a specific day)


boczny

zlw-slv-adj

boczny (comparative bacznjêszy, superlative nobacznjêszy, derived adverb bocznjê)

bacznjêszy (comparative)
nobacznjêszy (superlative)

From baczic (first person boczã) + -ny. Compare Polish baczny.


paradys

Borrowed from German Paradies. Compare Kashubian paradiz.


pchla

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *blъxa (“flea”).


zly

zlw-slv-adj

zly (comparative gôrszy or zlêszy, superlative nogôrszy or nozlêszy, derived adverb zlê)

gôrszy (comparative)
zlêszy (comparative)
nogôrszy (superlative)
nozlêszy (superlative)


cesz

From cô + -sz. Compare Kashubian cos and Polish coś.

something (uncertain or unspecified thing)


ajent

zlw-slv-noun

ajent m pers (possessive adjective ajentó)

Borrowed from Polish ajent. Compare Kashubian ajent.


pëtac

+obj

(transitive or reflexive with sã) to ask (to request information or an answer to a question) [with za (+ instrumental) ‘about whom/what’]


grac

(transitive, intransitive) to play (to participate in a certain game)

(transitive, intransitive) to play (to produce music using a musical instrument)


bë

forms the conditional mood; would, would've


-ż

jakô + -ż → jakóż


rzéka

zlw-slv-noun

rzéka f (diminutive rzéczka, related adjective rzéczny)

rzéczka (diminutive)
rzéczny (adjective)

river (large stream which drains a landmass)


spac

(intransitive) to sleep (to rest in state of reduced consciousness)


żëc

(intransitive) to live, to reside (to have permanent or long-term residence; to treat a place as one's long-term place of residence)

(intransitive) to heal (to become healed)


ksãżëc

ksãżëc m inan (related adjective ksãżëcôwy)

month (period into which a year is divided based on the phases of the Moon)


dawac

(ditransitive) to give (to change ownership)


mëslëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mỳsliti. By surface analysis, mësla + -ëc.

(intransitive) to think (to ponder in one's head)

(intransitive) to think about (to take care of, to tend to; to keep in mind)

(intransitive) to think about (to want to do, to intend)


gjibkjy

zlw-slv-adj

gjibkjy (comparative gjibszy, superlative nogjibszy, derived adverb gjipkô)

gjibszy (comparative)
nogjibszy (superlative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gybъkъ. Compare Kashubian dżibczi, Polish gibki.


lêwy

Coordinate term: prawy

left (designating the side of the body toward the west when one is facing north)


wôbúwac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obuvati. By surface analysis, wôbúc + -wac.


dôbrôta

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobrota. By surface analysis, dôbry + -ôta.


prôcywnjik

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *protivьnikъ.


pjywô

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pivo. By surface analysis, pjic + -ywô.


drach

zlw-slv-noun

drach m animal (related adjective drachôwy)

Borrowed from German Drache. Compare Greater Polish drach and Silesian drach.

dragon (legendary serpentine or reptilian creature)


akort

Borrowed from German Akkord. Compare Kashubian akòrd and Polish akord.


Bjoly Bóg

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bělъ bogъ (“good luck”). Literally, “white god”.


Czorny Bóg

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ bogъ (“bad luck”). Literally, “black god”.

Coordinate term: Bjoly Bóg

Te na rzekla: «Bjôú z Bôga!» Ale tô bél tin Czorny Bóg, cô mje dôprzënjôs dô dóm..

1905, Friedrich Lorentz, Slovinzische Texte, page 79:

Then they said, "Go with God!" But this was the black god who accompanied me home.


czorny

Coordinate term: bjoly


zêmja

A vôn cygnón sê swim lëda w ta zêmjã os pôczón hùja vôt strôna plindrac ós wszatkô dô dótú.

1905, Friedrich Lorentz, Slovinzische Texte, page 59:


sãdzoc

sãdzoc (nominative singular)
sãdzoca (genitive singular)
sãdzmy (instrumental plural)
sãdzocú (locative singular)

Sander lucioperca
Sander lucioperca#Translingual


rôk

Nôwy Rôk


balka

zlw-slv-noun

balka f (diminutive balczica, augmentative balcziszczô, related adjective balkôwy)

balczica (diminutive)
balcziszczô (augmentative)
balkôwy (adjective)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *balkô
Proto-West Germanic *balkō
Old High German balko
German Balkenbor.
Slovincian balka
Borrowed from German Balken. Compare Kashubian balka and Polish belka.


przëjacél

zlw-slv-noun

przëjacél m pers (female equivalent przëjacelka or przëjacólka)

przëjacelka (feminine)
przëjacólka (feminine)


mùszec

(auxiliary) to have to, to need to, must


przë

denotes approximate location; by, at, next to, near

Denotes accompanying condition, often with a hint of surprise; in front of; in light of; considering; with


żëcé

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žitьje. By surface analysis, żëc + -cé.


abô-abô

Literally, “either-or”. Compare Kashubian abò-abò, similar Polish albo-albo.


adjúdant

ădjúdant m pers (related adjective adjúdanskjy, possessive adjective adjúdantó)

ădjúdant (canonical masculine person)
adjúdanskjy (adjective)
adjúdantó (adjective possessive)

Borrowed from German Adjutant. Compare Kashubian adiutant and Polish adiutant.


adjúdanskjy

From adjúdant + -skjy. Compare Polish adiutancki.


adjé

Derived from French adieu. Compare Kashubian adjé, Polish adieu.

adieu (said to wish a final farewell; goodbye)


Morcynk

zlw-slv-proper noun

Morcynk m pers (related adjective Morcynkó)

a diminutive of the male given name Morcyn


Morcynkó

From Morcynk + -ó. Compare Kashubian Môrcynków.


karczmorz

zlw-slv-noun

karczmorz m pers (female equivalent karczmorka, possessive adjective karczmarzó)

karczmorka (feminine)
karczmarzó (adjective possessive)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъrčьmařь. By surface analysis, karczma + -orz.


przëjacólka

przëjacólka f (male equivalent przëjacél)

From przëjacél + -ka. Compare Kashubian przëjaciółka, Polish przyjaciółka.

przëjacelka

Kluki, Smołdziński Las-Czołpino, Stojcino

female equivalent of przëjacél (“friend”)

female equivalent of przëjacél (“relative”)


przëjacêlstwô

From przëjacél + -stwô. Compare Kashubian przëjacelstwò and Polish przyjacielstwo.


stón

state (set of circumstances applying at any given time)


lëczba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ličьba. By surface analysis, lëczic + -ba.


patrzëc

+obj

(intransitive) to look at [with na (+ accusative) ‘something/someone’]


znac

(transitive) to know (to have knowledge of)

(reflexive with sã) to know each other, to know one another


grzéch

Wôdpúsce naszé grzéchi

1905, Friedrich Lorentz, Slovinzische Texte, page 134:

(theology) sin (a violation of divine will or religious law)


Slôwjinc

zlw-slv-noun

Slôwjinc m pers (related adjective slôwjinskjy)


wôbôra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obòra (“enclosure”).

inh+

enclosure, a kind of courtyard near a house


rôbôta

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orbota. By surface analysis, róbjic + -ôta.


dzëwy

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *divъ (“natural, intact; feral, wild”). Cognate with Kashubian dzëwi and Polish dziwy.


dzyw

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȋvъ (“astonishment; wonder, miracle”).


aptéka

zlw-slv-noun

aptéka f (diminutive aptéczka, related adjective aptéczny)

aptéczka (diminutive)
aptéczny (adjective)

Borrowed from Middle Polish aptéka. Compare Kashubian aptéka.

(pharmacy) pharmacy (place where prescription drugs are dispensed)


brzég

brzég (nominative singular)
brzêga (dual nominative)
brzêgji (nominative plural)
brzêgú (genitive singular)
brzêgó (genitive plural)
brzêgú (dative singular)
brzêgôma (dative dual)
brzêgóm (dative plural)
brzég (accusative singular)
brzêgji (accusative plural)
brzêgã (instrumental singular)
brzêgôma (dual instrumental)
brzêgamy (instrumental plural)
brzêgú (locative singular)
brzêgach (locative plural)


czasã

Instrumental singular of czas. Compare Kashubian czasã and Polish czasem.

every now and then, from time to time, occasionally, sometimes


kazac

(intransitive) to preach (to give a sermon)


dzywny

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *divьnъ. By surface analysis, dzyw + -ny.


bjardô

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”) with semantic shift possibly referring to it's original meaning “perch”, possibly under German Bord (“board (of ship)”) influence.


jachac

zlw-slv-verb

jachac impf (determinate, perfective pôjachac, indeterminate jêzdzëc)

pôjachac (perfective)
jêzdzëc (indeterminate)

(intransitive) to go; to ride; to take; to drive (to commute by vehicle)


bùla

bùlă (animal-not-person canonical masculine)


sztërk

Uncertain. Possibly derived/related to sztrejk (“strip, line; moment”) or Proto-Slavic *stroka (“row, array, string”), compare similar development of Latvian stricis (“moment”) : strēķis (“row”), Ancient Greek στιγμή (stigmḗ, “spot; moment”).

cog

while (uncertain duration of time, period of time)


zacha

Borrowed from German Sache. Compare Kashubian zacha and Greater Polish zacha .

affair, issue (something which needs to be taken care of or resolved, or area of interest)


bôk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bokъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Sägebock.

sl

side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object)


chtôry

interrogative pronoun, referring to a number of choices; what, which one


mjêc

(transitive) to have (to be in possession of)

(auxiliary) used to build the perfect and pluperfect tenses; to have

cêbje mjalô!

(in the past tense, impersonal) used a curse; damn


barzô

zlw-slv-adv

barzô (comparative barżé, superlative nobarżé, diminutive barzeczkô or barzechnô or barzelkô)

barżé (comparative)
nobarżé (superlative)
barzeczkô (diminutive)
barzechnô (diminutive)
barzelkô (diminutive)

Borrowed from Middle Polish barzo. Compare Kashubian barzo.


tëlkô

used to indicate that an amount or number equals something in the following or previous utterance; this much, this many; as many as; as much as


przêz

Denotes movement from one side to the other, either on the surface or through the middle; physically or metaphorically across, through; along

Denotes length of time an action lasts; for

Denotes spatial or temporal place beyond something; through

Denotes means used to complete an action; via


wôd

Denotes moment of origin in time; from, since, for

Denotes source or cause; from, because of

partitive genitive
partitive genitive#English


pjêrszy

zlw-slv-adj

pjêrszy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьrvъ in the comparative form. Compare Polish pierwszy.


jyny

jyny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

different, another, other (not the same)

strange, foreign (belonging to someone else)


wjêdzec

(intransitive) to know (to perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of or that; to be aware (of)) [with wô (+ locative) ‘about what’]


sóm

emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself

alone (oneself without company; oneself without help)


cêc

cêc (infinitive singular)
cã (present singular)
cêsz (present singular)
cê (present singular third-person)
cêma (dual present)
cêmë (dual present)
cêta (dual present)
cête (dual present)
cêmë (plural present)
cêce (plural present)
cõ (plural present third-person)
côl (masculine virile)
ca (feminine singular)
calô (neuter nonvirile)
ca
cale (neuter singular)
cêly
cõcy (plural)
cõcë (adverbial participle plural present)
cênjé (noun-from-verb plural)

(transitive) to want (to wish for or desire)

(reflexive with sã, impersonal) used to indicate when someone is experiencing a specific condition of their body that is associated with an action indicated by the subordinate verb; to want [with infinitive]


kóżdy

From Post Proto-Slavic *kažьdъ, from Proto-Slavic *kažьde.


jakjysz

From jakjy + -sz. Compare Kashubian jaczis and Polish jakiś.

some; unspecified member of the category described by the following word


teroz

Univerbation of tên + roz. Compare Kashubian terôz and Polish teraz.


nôwy

nôwy (comparative nôwszy, superlative nonôwszy, derived adverb nôwô)

nôwszy (comparative)
nonôwszy (superlative)


caly

whole, complete, entire; all (containing all elements belonging to oneself)


jakjy

introduces a question about a trait; what, what... like, of what kind?


drëgjy

drëgjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

second (following after the first one, used in compound numbers)


przêd

denotes time; before [with instrumental]

denotes location; before, in front of; ahead of [with instrumental]

denotes movement; to in front of; ahead of [with accusative]


pôd

denotes location; under, underneath [with instrumental]

denotes near location; near [with instrumental]

denotes protection, guidance, or watching under [with instrumental]

denotes movement; to under, to underneath [with accusative]

denotes movement; up to [with accusative]

denotes motion towards protection, guidance, or watching to under [with accusative]


wjelgjy

wjelgjy (comparative wjitszy, superlative nowjitszy)

wjitszy (comparative)
nowjitszy (superlative)


môwjic

(transitive, intransitive) to say, to tell (to vocalize using words)


pôwjadac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povědati. By surface analysis, pôwjêdzec + -ac.

(transitive, intransitive) to speak, to talk (to use one's voice to communicate)


wjidzec

(transitive) to see (to perceive with the eyes)

(reflexive with sã) to please, to catch the eye (to be physically attractive or pleasing)


dôbrzê

zlw-slv-adv

dôbrzê (comparative lêpjé, superlative nolêpjé)

lêpjé (comparative)
nolêpjé (superlative)

From dôbry + -ê. Compare Kashubian dobrze and Polish dobrze.


swjat

zlw-slv-noun

swjat m inan (related adjective swjatôwy)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *světъ (“light; world”).


drôga

road, way; path (way used for travelling between places)


badac

zlw-slv-verb

badac impf (indeterminate, frequentative, imperfective bôsc)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *badati. By surface analysis, bôsc + -ac.

(transitive) frequentative of bôsc (“to bump; to knock; to strike”)


strôna

side (one part (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone)


chôdzëc

chôdzëc impf (indeterminate, imperfective determinate jyc)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoditi. By surface analysis, chód + -ëc.

(intransitive) to walk; to go (to move by means of one's feet)


jyc

jyc impf (determinate, indeterminate chôdzëc)

(intransitive, of people or animals) to go; to walk

(intransitive, of vehicles) to go, to move

(intransitive, of lines, roads, etc.) to go, to lead (to connect two points in space)

(intransitive, of events) to go (to take place in particular manner) [with dative ‘for whom’]

(intransitive, colloquial) to come along (to not cause difficulties for someone) [with dative ‘for whom’]


prôsëc

(transitive) to ask for, to request [with wô (+ accusative) ‘for what’]


spôsób

way; manner; means; how (method or manner of doing something)


pôwjêdzec

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pověděti. By surface analysis, pô- + wjêdzec.


szkôla

zlw-slv-noun

szkôla f (diminutive szkólka, related adjective szkólny)

szkólka (diminutive)
szkólny (adjective)

school (educational institution)
school (building)

school (educational institution)
school (students and teachers)

school (educational institution)
school (lessons and activities)


państwô

From pón + -stwô. Compare Kashubian państwò and Polish państwo.


dlotêwo

Univerbation of dlo + têwo. Compare Kashubian dlôtegò and Polish dlatego.


czãstô

zlw-slv-adv

czãstô (comparative czãszczé or czãstnjé, superlative noczãszczé or noczãstnjé)

czãszczé (comparative)
czãstnjé (comparative)
noczãszczé (superlative)
noczãstnjé (superlative)

From czãsty + -ô. Compare Kashubian czãsto and Polish często.


dôbry

zlw-slv-adj

dôbry (comparative lêpszy, superlative nolêpszy, derived adverb dôbrzê)

lêpszy (comparative)
nolêpszy (superlative)


wôstatny

last, final, ultimate (at the end of a series)


dalekjy

dalekjy (comparative dalszy, superlative nodalszy, derived adverb dalék or daléko)

dalszy (comparative)
nodalszy (superlative)


czãsty

czãsty (comparative czãscêszy or czãstnjêszy, superlative noczãscêszy or noczãstnjêszy, derived adverb czãstô)

czãscêszy (comparative)
czãstnjêszy (comparative)
noczãscêszy (superlative)
noczãstnjêszy (superlative)

frequent (done or occurring often; common)


pômôc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pomoťi. By surface analysis, pô- + môc.

+obj

dat<whom> + :dô(gen)/:wôd(gen)<with what>

dative ‘whom’ along with dô (+ genitive) wôd (+ genitive) ‘with what’

(intransitive) to help (to provide assistance to) [with dative ‘whom’, along with dô (+ genitive) or wôd (+ genitive) ‘with what’]


wë

second person plural pronoun; you, you all

second person polite or formal pronoun; you


pôtim

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *potomь. By surface analysis, univerbation of po + tim.


wùlëca

zlw-slv-noun

wùlëca f (diminutive wùlëczka, related adjective wùlëczny)

wùlëczka (diminutive)
wùlëczny (adjective)


slôwô

word (sequence of sounds or letters within a language carrying meaning)


kôbjéta

Borrowed from Middle Polish kobiéta. Compare Kashubian kòbiéta.


rôbjic

(intransitive) to work (to perform work or labor)


njicht

Clipping of Proto-Slavic *nikъto. By surface analysis, nji- + chto.


chtesz

From chtô + -sz. Compare Kashubian chtos and Polish ktoś.


njêchtôry

From njê- + chtôry. Compare Kashubian niechtëren and Polish niektóry.

some (unspecificied; not all; certain number, at least two)


prawô

From prawy + -ô. Compare Kashubian prawò and Polish prawo.

right (legal, just or moral entitlement)


stôjec

(intransitive) to stand (to be positioned vertically; on one's feet)


pôdôbny

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *podobьnъ. By surface analysis, pôdôba + -ny.


glówny

zlw-slv-adj

glówny (not comparable, derived adverb glówniê)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *golvьnъ. By surface analysis, glôwa + -ny.

head, main, chief, principle (most significant among other objects of the same kind or in the situation in question)


nowùka

learning; teaching (act of learning or teaching)


stawac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *stavati. By surface analysis, stac + -wac.

(instransitive) to stand still (to stop moving)


stawac

(reflexive with sã) to happen (to take place at a particular time)

(reflexive with sã) to become (to change into, to start being)


procac

From proca + -ac. Compare Kashubian prôcowac and Polish pracować.

(intransitive) to work (to perform work; to labor)


prawjê

From prawy + -jê. Compare Kashubian prawie and Polish prawie.


slëszec

(transitive, intransitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)


nôc

night, nighttime (period of time from sundown to sunup)


glôs

vote (act of submitting one's opinion in official matters)


wôjna

war (organized, large-scale, armed conflict between countries or between national, ethnic, or other sizeable groups, usually but not always involving active engagement of military force)


wjêk

age (number of full years, months, days, hours, etc., that someone, or something, has been alive)

age (advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority)


pamjãtac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pamętàti. By surface analysis, pamjãc + -ac.


znaczic

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *značiti. By surface analysis, znak + -ic


mlôdy

mlôdy (comparative mlôdszy, superlative nomlôdszy, derived adverb mlôdô)

mlôdszy (comparative)
nomlôdszy (superlative)


mësla

(in the plural) contemplation, reflection


szërôkjy

szërôkjy (comparative szërszy, superlative noszërszy, derived adverb szërôkô or szërôk)

szërszy (comparative)
noszërszy (superlative)

wide, broad (having a large physical extent from side to side)


pôwjêtrzé

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *povětrьje. By surface analysis, pô- + wjater + -é.

air (gases making up the atmosphere of a planet)


blyskjy

blyskjy (comparative blëższy, superlative noblëższy, derived adverb blyskô)

blëższy (comparative)
noblëższy (superlative)


pôczãtk

zlw-slv-noun

pôczãtk m inan (related adjective pôczãtkôwy)


calô

body (physical structure of a human or animal seen as one single organism)


calô

From caly + -ô. Compare Kashubian cało and Polish cało.


lêżec

/ˈli̯ɛʒɛt͡s/

(intransitive) to lie (to rest in a horizontal position)

(intransitive) to lie (to be placed or situated, especially flat on a surface)

(intransitive) to lie (to be determined by) [with na (+ locative) ‘on what’]


rôdzëna

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rodina. By surface analysis, ród + -ëna.


swjatlô

From swjatly + -ô. Compare Polish światło.


lëbjic

(impersonal) to be nice [with dative ‘for whom’]

(intransitive) to be productive, to bring riches, to be worthwhile


żôlnjérz

Borrowed from Polish żołnierz. Compare Kashubian żôłniérz.


pôtrzébny

From pôtrzêba + -ny. Compare Kashubian pòtrzébny and Polish potrzebny.


wrôcëc

(intransitive) to turn around (to change direction)


cãżkjy

zlw-slv-adj

cãżkjy (comparative cãższy, superlative nocãższy, derived adverb cãżkô)

cãższy (comparative)
nocãższy (superlative)


bôjec

(reflexive with sã) to be afraid, to fear


kôscól

Borrowed from Polish kościół. Compare Kashubian kòscół.


slëchac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slùxati. By surface analysis, slëch + -ac.

(transitive) to listen (to pay attention to a sound or speech)

(transitive) to listen, to obey (to accept advice or obey instruction; to agree or assent)

(intransitive) to belong to (to be the property of)

(intransitive) to be ought, to be befitting


zdrôwjé

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъdorvьje. By surface analysis, zdrôwy + -é.

health (state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction; wellness)


dlúgjy

dlúgjy (comparative dlëgszy, superlative nodlëgszy, derived adverb dlúgô)

dlëgszy (comparative)
nodlëgszy (superlative)


bëwac

zlw-slv-verb

bëwac impf (indeterminate, frequentative, imperfective bëc)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byvàti. By surface analysis, bëc + -wac.

(intransitive, copulative) frequentative of bëc


kôlô

wheel (round simple machine allowing vehicles to move)

circle (part of the plane bounded by a curve)


chôrôba

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xvoroba. By surface analysis, chôry + -ôba.

(medicine) disease; sickness, illness (negative abnormal health condition)


lékorz

zlw-slv-noun

lékorz m pers (female equivalent lékorka, related adjective lékorzkjy)

lékorka (feminine)
lékorzkjy (adjective)

doctor; physician, medical doctor (person who heals the sick or injured)


pôlê

(agriculture) field (land for cultivation)


drzêwô

tree; timber (wood as a material from a chopped tree)


wjêrzëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věriti. By surface analysis, wjara + -ëc.

(ditransitive) to believe (to accept as true) [with dative ‘whom’] [with accusative ‘what’] [with na (+ accusative)] or [with w (+ accusative) ‘in whom/what’]


serdcê

(anatomy) heart (muscular organ that pumps blood through the body)


njêdzêla

njêdzêla f (diminutive niedzôùlka, related adjective njêdzélny)

niedzôùlka (diminutive)
njêdzélny (adjective)

(in the plural or in the dual) week (period of seven days)


prôsty

zlw-slv-adj

prôsty (comparative prôscêszi, superlative noprôscêszi, derived adverb prôstô)

prôscêszi (comparative)
noprôscêszi (superlative)


pôrzõdk

zlw-slv-noun

pôrzõdk m inan (related adjective pôrzõdkôwy)


malô

zlw-slv-adv

malô (comparative mjé, superlative nomjé)

From moly + -ô. Compare Kashubian mało and Polish mało.


pjõtk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pętъkъ. By surface analysis, pjõty + -k.


njyskjy

zlw-slv-adj

njyskjy (comparative njiższy, superlative nonjiższy, derived adverb njyskô)

njiższy (comparative)
nonjiższy (superlative)


wësôkjy

wësôkjy (comparative wëższy, superlative nowëższy, derived adverb wësôkô)

wëższy (comparative)
nowëższy (superlative)


dôùny

dôùny (comparative dawnjêszi, superlative nodawnjêszi, derived adverb dôùnô)

dawnjêszi (comparative)
nodawnjêszi (superlative)


wôlny

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volьnъ. By surface analysis, wôlo + -ny.


dróbny

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *drobьnъ. By surface analysis, drôba + -ny.


czwjortk

zlw-slv-noun

czwjortk m inan (related adjective czwjórtkôwy)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *četvьrtъkъ. By surface analysis, czwjorty + -k.


przënomjé

Univerbation of przë + nómjé. Compare Kashubian przënômni and Polish przynajmniej.

(focus) at least (at the least; at a minimum or lower limit)


dzysêszy

/d͡zɪˈsi̯ɛʃɪ/

From dzys + -êszy. Compare Kashubian dzysészi and Polish dzisiejszy.

(relational) today, today's (of or relating to the current day)


remjã

remjã n (diminutive remjónkô, related adjective remjenny)

remjónkô (diminutive)
remjenny (adjective)


krótkjy

zlw-slv-adj

krótkjy (comparative krôtszy, superlative nokrôtszy, derived adverb krótkô)

krôtszy (comparative)
nokrôtszy (superlative)

short (having a small distance from one end or edge to another)


czùc

(transitive) to hear (to sense with one's ears)

(reflexive with sã) to find oneself (to be somewhere, to be located)


pôùnjê

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *poludьne. By surface analysis, pól- + dzeń + -jê.


glãbôkjy

glãbôkjy (comparative glãbszy, superlative noglãbszy, derived adverb glãbôkô or glãbôk)

glãbszy (comparative)
noglãbszy (superlative)


wjêskjy

From wjês + -kjy. Compare Kashubian wiesczi and Polish wiejski.

(relational) rural (of or relating to a village)


pragnõc

(intransitive) to be thirsty (to want to drink)

(transitive) to desire, to wish for (to want strongly)


dzoc

mjê sã dzalô, cô...

(impersonal, reflexive with sã) to be dreamt (to appear as a dream)


renô

in the morning (at the beginning of the day)


zlê

zlw-slv-adv

zlê (comparative gôrzé, superlative nogôrzé)

gôrzé (comparative)
nogôrzé (superlative)

From zly + -ê. Compare Kashubian zle and Polish źle.


ksztolt

shape (appearance of something in terms of its arrangement in space, especially its outline)


rôslëna

From rôstly + -ëna. Compare Kashubian roscëna and Polish roślina.

plant (organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis)


zochôdny

From zochód + -ny. Compare Kashubian zôchòdny and Polish zachodni.

(relational) west, western (of or relating to the west)


wogha

scale (device to measure mass or weight)

weight (force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation)


chôry

zlw-slv-adj

chôry (comparative chôrszy, superlative nochôrszy, no derived adverb)

chôrszy (comparative)
nochôrszy (superlative)

ill, sick (unwell in terms of health or physical condition)


swjadczic

From swjodk + -ic. Compare Kashubian swiadczëc and Polish świadczyć.


próbac

From próba + -ac. Compare Kashubian próbòwac and Polish próbować.

(intransitive) to try (to attempt to do or achieve something)

(transitive) to try, to taste (to sample the flavor of something)


pamjãc

memory (ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will)


glúpy

glúpy (comparative glëpszy or glúpjê, superlative noglëpszy or noglúpjê)

glëpszy (comparative)
glúpjê (comparative)
noglëpszy (superlative)
noglúpjê (superlative)


pjês

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual


njêbô

sky (atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen)

(religion) heaven (abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust)


bôgaty

bôgaty (comparative bôgatszy, superlative nobôgatszy, derived adverb bôgatô)

bôgatszy (comparative)
nobôgatszy (superlative)


nodzêja

hope (feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen)


wôjnny

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vojьnьnъ. By surface analysis, wôjna + -ny.

(relational) martial, war (of, relating to of war)


twôrzëc

(transitive) to create (to bring into existence)

(reflexive with sã) to appear, to arise (to begin to exist)


cêszëc

/ˈt͡si̯ɛʃət͡s/

(transitive) to gratify, to gladden, to please (to cause pleasure or joy)

(transitive) to console, to make not sad

(reflexive with sã) to rejoice, to be glad, to cherish (to feel pleasure or joy) [with instrumental ‘with what’]

(reflexive with sã) to make fun of [with nad (+ instrumental) ‘of what’]


gôtôwy

ready, prepared (made earlier and ready to be used)

ready, prepared (having completed everything necessary in order to begin an activity) [with sê (+ instrumental)]


drôgjy

drôgjy (comparative drôgszy or drôgô, superlative nodrôgszy or nodrôgô)

drôgszy (comparative)
drôgô (comparative)
nodrôgszy (superlative)
nodrôgô (superlative)

dear, expensive (high in price; costing much money)


krajôwy

krajôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From krôj + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian krajowi and Polish krajowy.


cãżor

Either borrowed from Middle Polish ciężar, or possibly inherited from Proto-Slavic *tęžarъ.


lêtkjy

lêtkjy (comparative lêtkszy, superlative nolêtkszy, derived adverb lêtkô)

lêtkszy (comparative)
nolêtkszy (superlative)

light; easy (not demanding much effort; not difficult)


ofcéra

zlw-slv-noun

ofcéra m pers (related adjective ofcéró or ofcérskjy)

ofcéró (adjective)
ofcérskjy (adjective)

Borrowed from German Offizier. Compare Kashubian oficéra and Polish oficer.

officer (person occupying a position from second lieutenant to marshal or an analogous positions in the uniformed services)


skôrô

From skôry + -ô. Compare Kashubian skòro and Polish skoro.


przêbëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perbýti. By surface analysis, przê- + bëc.

(transitive) to stay; to spend; to live through, to survive


przêbëwac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *perbyvati. By surface analysis, przê- + bëwac.


nabëc

From na- + bëc. Compare Kashubian nabëc and Polish nabyć.

(transitive) to get, to gain, to acquire; to buy to purchase


wôchrôna

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b)xorna. By surface analysis, deverbal from wôchrônic.


prôùdzëwy

prô‧ù‧dzë‧wy

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pravьdivъ. By surface analysis, prôùda + -ëwy.


slaby

zlw-slv-adj

slaby (comparative slabszy, superlative noslabszy, derived adverb slabô)

slabszy (comparative)
noslabszy (superlative)


wùczeń

zlw-slv-noun

wùczeń m pers (female equivalent wùczennjica)

From wùczic + -eń. Compare Kashubian ùczéń and Polish uczeń.

student, schoolboy, pupil, apprentice, learner, disciple (one who learns)


dlóń

palm (inner, concave part of hand; hand itself)


mlókô

mlókô n (diminutive mlóczkô, related adjective mlóczny or mlókôwy)

mlóczkô (diminutive)
mlóczny (adjective)
mlókôwy (adjective)


kwjat

kwjat m inan (diminutive kwjotk, related adjective kwjatôwy)

kwjotk (diminutive)
kwjatôwy (adjective)


pôkazac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pokāzàti. By surface analysis, pô- + kazac.

(transitive) to show (to display, to have somebody see (something))

(transitive) to show (to indicate (a fact) to be true; to demonstrate)

(reflexive with sã) to show (to appear; to become visible)


dôchód

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *doxodъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from dôchôdzëc.

surf

income (sum of cash inflows in the economy of a state, enterprise, or individual in a specific period of time, less the costs of obtaining them)


djôùbel

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *dwísder.
Ancient Greek διά (diá)
Ancient Greek δια- (dia-)
Proto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō-der.
Ancient Greek βᾰ́λλω (bállō)
Ancient Greek διαβάλλω (diabállō)
Ancient Greek διάβολος (diábolos)bor.
Latin diaboluslbor.
Old Czech diábelbor.
Old Polish dyjabeł
Middle Polish diábełbor.
Slovincian djôùbel
Borrowed from Middle Polish diábeł.

etymon

(derogatory) devil (someone unbearable, evil, or dangerous)


wôkrãt

zlw-slv-noun

wôkrãt m inan (related adjective wôkrãtôwy)

ship (water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat, usually specialized)


pônjedzôùlk

pônjedzôùlk m inan (related adjective pônjedzôùlkôwy)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ponedělъkъ. By surface analysis, pô- (“after”) + njêdzêla (“Sunday”) + -k.


rzëcëc

(transitive) to throw; to pitch, to toss, to cast (to release (an object) with some force from one's hands, an apparatus, etc. so that it moves rapidly through the air)


sprzãt

Borrowed from Polish sprzęt. Compare Kashubian sprzãt.

equipment (all items collectively used in equipping something or someone, including dishes and furniture)


wùchô

zlw-slv-noun

wùchô n (diminutive wùszkô, related adjective wùchôwy or wùszny)

wùszkô (diminutive)
wùchôwy (adjective)
wùszny (adjective)


wúżëtk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *užitъkъ. By surface analysis, wùżëty + -k.


zobawa

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabava. By surface analysis, deverbal from zabawjic.


dôwódca

From dôwôdzëc + -ca. Compare Kashubian dowódca and Polish dowódca.

leader, head, chief, commander (person in charge of a group or organisation)


czasôwy

zlw-slv-adj

czasôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From czas + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian czasowi and Polish czasowy.

(relational) time; temporal (of or relating to time)


wô

denotes contact; on, against [with accusative]

denotes subject of dispute; about [with accusative]

denotes subject of discussion or thought; about [with locative]


farny

farny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From fara + -ny. Compare Kashubian farny and Polish farny.

(relational, Christianity) parish church


barónk

zlw-slv-noun

barónk m animal (related adjective barónkôwy)

From barón + -k. Compare Kashubian barónk and Polish baranek.


baranjy

zlw-slv-adj

baranjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From barón + -jy. Compare Kashubian barani and Polish barani.


barlóg

ruffled, small straw; remains of straw from tying a bundle


sztrejk

while (uncertain duration of time, period of time)


batúg

zlw-slv-noun

batúg m inan (diminutive batúżk, related adjective batëgôwy)

batúżk (diminutive)
batëgôwy (adjective)


bednorka

From bednorz + -ka. Compare Kashubian bednôrka and Polish bednarka.


bednarzkjy

zlw-slv-adj

bednarzkjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From bednorz + -skjy. Compare Kashubian bednarsczi and Polish bednarski.


bednorz

zlw-slv-noun

bednorz m pers (related adjective bednarzó or bednarzkjy)

bednarzó (adjective)
bednarzkjy (adjective)

Borrowed from Polish bednarz. Compare Kashubian bednôrz.


aptéczka

From aptéka + -ka. Compare Kashubian aptéczka and Polish apteczka.


nabëwac

From na- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian nabëwac and Polish nabywać.


sztënja

Borrowed from German Stunde. Compare Kashubian sztënia.


dôch

Borrowed from German doch. Compare Kashubian doch.

(emphasizes that previous statement truthfulness is obvious to the speaker.) yet; though


klônjica

stanchion (one of four poles attached to the axle of a horse-drawn cart and holding its side ladders or box)


bën

Borrowed from Middle Low German bin／binnen (“within”). Cognate with Kashubian bënë, German binnen and Dutch binnen.

bor+

Coordinate term: búten


bën

Coordinate term: búten


búten

Borrowed from German Low German buten. Cognate with Kashubian bùten and Plautdietsch buten

Coordinate term: bën


búten

Coordinate term: bën


drôsla

zlw-slv-noun

drôsla f (related adjective drôzdó or drôzdówi)

Borrowed from German Drossel. Compare Kashubian drosel.


palaszt

palăszt f (related adjective palasztôwy)

palăszt (canonical feminine)
palasztôwy (adjective)


adresérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German adressieren + -ôwac.

af

(transitive) Alternative form of adresérac


adresérac

Adapted borrowing of German adressieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian adresowac and Polish adresować.


adwentë

zlw-slv-noun

ădwentë nvir pl (related adjective adwentôwy)

ădwentë (canonical plural)
adwentôwy (adjective)

Borrowed from Polish adwent. Compare Kashubian adwent.


adwentôwy

zlw-slv-adj

adwentôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From adwentë + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian adwentowi and Polish adwentowy.

(relational, Christianity) Advent (season in the Christian calendar preceding Christma)


adresôwy

ădrĕsôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From adresa + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian adresowi and Polish adresowy.


awkot

zlw-slv-noun

awkot m pers (female equivalent awkotka, related adjective awkockjy, possessive adjective awkotó)

awkotka (feminine)
awkockjy (adjective)
awkotó (adjective possessive)

(law) advocate, attorney, barrister, solicitor, lawyer


awkotôwo

From awkot + -ôwo. Compare Polish adwokatowa.


-ôwo

The feminine of -ôwy. Compare Polish -owa.

awkot + -ôwo → awkotôwo

opa + -ôwo → opôwo

added to animals for feminine equivalents


ajentó

zlw-slv-adj

ajentó (not comparable, no derived adverb)


awkotó

ăwkotó (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational, possessive) attorney's, lawyer's


akcjónôwy

akcjónôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


-ôwy

czas + -ôwy → czasôwy

forms adjectives, usually relational in nature


awkoctwô

From awkot + -stwô. Compare Kashubian adwòkactwò and Polish adwokactwo.

(law) attorneyship, lawyership (title, function, or position given to a lawyer)


awkockjy

ăwkockjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From awkot + -skjy. Compare Kashubian adwòkacczi and Polish adwokacki.


akcyjónôwy

akcyjónôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


-skjy

adjúdant + -skjy → adjúdanskjy


awkotka

From awkot + -ka. Compare Kashubian adwòkatka and Polish adwokatka.

(law) female equivalent of awkot (“advocate, attorney, barrister, solicitor, lawyer”)


zaakcyjónérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zaakcyjónérac


wëakcyjónérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of wëakcyjónérac


pôakcyjónérôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of pôakcyjónérac

(transitive) Alternative form of pôakcyjónérac


akcyjón

zlw-slv-noun

akcyjón m inan (related adjective akcyjónôwy)

Borrowed from German Auktion. Compare Kashubian aùkcjô and Polish aukcja.


wëakcyjónérac

(transitive) to auction off (to sell everything at an auction)


pôakcyjónérac

(transitive) to auction off one after the other


zaakcyjónérac

(transitive) to auction, to auction off; to bring to auction


wë-

môwjic + wë- → wëmôwjic


-stwô

awkot + -stwô → awkoctwô

forms neuter, usually abstract nouns denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or a state; -hood, -ness, -dom

aptécznjik + -stwô → aptécznjictwô


pô-

pô- + kazac → pôkazac

forms perfective verbs, often iterative in nature


wùakordérôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of wùakordérac


zaakordérôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of zaakordérac


pôakordérôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of pôakordérac


akordérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German akkordieren + -ôwac.

af

(intransitive) Alternative form of akordérac


pôakordérac

(intransitive) to reach a price agreement


akordérac

Adapted borrowing of German akkordieren + -ac.

(intransitive) to conclude a contract concerning the price of a job performed


wùakordérac

+obj

dative ‘to whom’; with accusative ‘what job’

(transitive) to contract (to assign a job to) [with dative ‘to whom’; or with accusative ‘what job’]


aktôwy

zlw-slv-adj

ăktôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From aktë + -ôwy. Compare Polish aktowy.

(relational) files (collection of papers)


wù-

wù- + twôrzëc → wùtwôrzëc


jakóż

From jakô + -ż. Compare Kashubian jakòż and Polish jakoż.

(interrogative, emphatic) Synonym of jak


pôstrzédnjy

pôstrzédnjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *poserdьnjь.


alejny

alejny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational) avenue, drive, boulevard, alley


alarmérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German alarmieren + -ôwac.

af

(transitive) Alternative form of alarmérac


alún

Borrowed from Middle High German alūn. Compare Kashubian ałun and Polish ałun.


alarmôwy

zlw-slv-adj

alarmôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From alarm + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian alarmòwi and Polish alarmowy.


akúrotny

akúrotny (comparative barżé akúrotny, superlative nobarżé akúrotny, derived adverb akúrótnjê)

barżé akúrotny (comparative)
nobarżé akúrotny (superlative)

Borrowed from Polish akuratny. Compare Kashubian akùrôtny.

accurate, precise; punctual; conscientious


aléj

Borrowed from German Allee. Compare Kashubian aleja and Polish aleja.


akúrótnôsc

From akúrotny + -ôsc. Compare Kashubian akùrôtnosc and Polish akuratność.


aughústôwy

aughústôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


-jê

prawy + -jê → prawjê


-jê

dzeń + -jê → pôùnjê


alarmérac

Adapted borrowing of German alarmieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian alarmòwac and Polish alarmować.


aprilôwy

zlw-slv-adj

aprilôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From april + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian aprëlowi.


anysôwy

anysôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From anys + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian anysowi and Polish anyżowy.


aptécznjikôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of aptécznjikac


apelérôwac

a‧pĕ‧lé‧rô‧wac

Adapted borrowing of German appellieren + -ôwac.

af

(intransitive) Alternative form of apelérac


akúrot

zlw-slv-adj

akúrot (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from German akkurat. Compare Kashubian akùrôt and Polish akurat.


akúrot

accurately, precisely; punctually; conscientiously


-ôsc

akúrotny + -ôsc → akúrótnôsc

forms abstract nouns from adjectives, sometimes with a change in stress; -ness, -hood


apelérac

Adapted borrowing of German appellieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian apelowac and Polish apelować.


aptécznjiczy

zlw-slv-adj

aptécznjiczy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


aptécznjickjy

aptécznjickjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


aptécznjikac

(intransitive, pharmacy) to be a pharmacist


aptécznjictwô

(pharmacy, collective) pharmacists collectively

(pharmacy) pharmacy (occupation of a pharmacist)


aughúst

zlw-slv-noun

aughúst m inan (related adjective aughústôwy)

Borrowed from German August. Compare Kashubian agùst and Silesian august .


aptécznjiczk

From aptécznjik (“pharmacist”) + -k (“diminutive suffix”).


aptéczny

zlw-slv-adj

aptéczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From aptéka + -ny. Compare Kashubian aptéczny and Polish apteczny.


aptyczny

aptyczny (derived adverb aptycznô or aptycznjê)

From aptyt + -ny. Compare Polish apetyczny.


aptycznôsc

From aptyczny + -ôsc. Compare Polish apetyczność.


apôsztló

apôsztló (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational, possessive, Christianity) apostle's (belonging to a missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church)


kôprzny

kôprzny (not comparable, no derived adverb)


aptycznjê

From aptyczny + -jê. Compare Polish apetycznie.


kôprôwy

kôprôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


akúrótnjê

zlw-slv-adv

akúrótnjê (comparative barżé akúrótnjê, superlative nobarżé akúrótnjê)

barżé akúrótnjê (comparative)
nobarżé akúrótnjê (superlative)

a‧kú‧rót‧njê

From akúrotny + -jê. Compare Polish akuratnie.


kôper

zlw-slv-noun

kôper m inan (related adjective kôprôwy or kôprzny)

Borrowed from German Kupfer. Compare Kashubian kòper.

copper (chemical element, Cu, atomical number 29)


aptécznjikó

zlw-slv-adj

aptécznjikó (not comparable, no derived adverb)


bazúna

Borrowed from German Posaune. Compare Kashubian bazuna and Polish puzon .


apôsztel

zlw-slv-noun

apôsztel m pers (possessive adjective apôsztló)

Borrowed from German Apostel. Compare Kashubian apòsztół／apòstół and Polish apostoł.

(Christianity) apostle (missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church)


aptyt

Borrowed from German Appetit. Compare Kashubian aptit and Polish apetyt.


arasztantka

From arasztant + -ka. Compare Kashubian aresztantka and Polish aresztantka.

(law enforcement) female equivalent of arasztant (“arrestee”)


arasztant

arasztant m pers (female equivalent arasztantka)

Borrowed from German Arrestant. Compare Kashubian aresztant and Polish aresztant.


-njik

aptéka + -njik → aptécznjik


aptécznjik

aptécznjik m pers (related adjective aptécznjickjy or aptécznjiczy, possessive adjective aptécznjikó)

aptécznjickjy (adjective)
aptécznjiczy (adjective)
aptécznjikó (adjective possessive)


pôaratérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of pôaratérac


zaaratérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zaaratérac


aratérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German arretieren + -ôwac.

af

(transitive) Alternative form of aratérac


arbórz

zlw-slv-noun

arbórz m pers (female equivalent arbórka)


zaaratérac

From za- + aratérac. Compare Polish zaaresztować.

(transitive, law enforcement) to arrest (to take into legal custody)


pôaratérac

From pô- + aratérac. Compare Polish poaresztować.

(transitive, law enforcement) to arrest many different people in a row (to take into legal custody)


arbórka

female equivalent of arbórz (“inheritor”)


arbac

Adapted borrowing of German erben + -ac. By surface analysis, arba + -ac. Compare Kashubian erbòwac and Silesian erbować.


aratérac

Adapted borrowing of German arretieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian aresztowac and Polish aresztować.


-órz

arba + -órz → arbórz


armeja

Borrowed from German Armee. Compare Kashubian armiô and Polish armia.


armejny

zlw-slv-adj

armejny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From armeja + -ny. Compare Polish armijny.


blysztefta

Borrowed from German Bleistift. Compare Silesian blajsztyft.


hejmota

Borrowed from German Heimat. Compare Silesian hajmat.

fatherland, homeland, motherland (country which one regards as home)


atalryny

atalryny (not comparable, no derived adverb)


atakérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German attackieren + -ôwac.

af

(transitive) Alternative form of atakérac


zaatastérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zaatastérac


ataleryny

zlw-slv-adj

ataleryny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From atalerëja + -ny. Compare Polish artyleryjny.


atalerëja

zlw-slv-noun

atalerëja f (related adjective ataleryny)

Borrowed from Polish artyleria. Compare Kashubian artëleriô.


atastérôwac

Adapted borrowing of German attestieren + -ôwac.

af

(transitive) Alternative form of atastérac


atalerësta

From atalerëja + -ësta. Compare Kashubian artëlerzista／artëlerësta and Polish artylerzysta.


awãzérôwac

a‧wã‧zé‧rô‧wac

Adapted borrowing of German avanzieren + -ôwac.

(transitive) Alternative form of awãzérac


awãzérac

Adapted borrowing of German avanzieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian awansowac and Polish awansować.


zaatastérac

From za- + atastérac. Compare Kashubian zaatestowac and Polish zaatestować.


atastérac

Adapted borrowing of German attestieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian atestowac and Polish atestować.


-ësta

atalerëja + -ësta → atalerësta

added to words to form names of activity's performers or professions; -ist


atakérac

Adapted borrowing of German attackieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian atakòwac and Polish atakować.


-úszkô

opjã + -úszkô → opjõtúszkô


opjã

zlw-slv-noun

opjã n (diminutive opjõtkô or opjõtúszkô)

opjõtkô (diminutive)
opjõtúszkô (diminutive)


opjõteczkô

/ɔˈpjɔ̃tɛt͡ʃkɵ/


opjõtúszkô

/ɔˈpjɔ̃tʉʃkɵ/


opskjy

zlw-slv-adj

opskjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


opôwy

opôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


opôwo

female equivalent of opa (“monkey, ape”) (primate)


dôozac

(transitive) to squander completely, to use up, to waste all of


opjy

opjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


rôzozôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of rôzozac


naochac

(intransitive) to moan much, to groan enough


zaochac

(intransitive) to start moaning, to begin groaning


opó

(relational, possessive) monkey's, ape's


rôzozac

(transitive) to waste everything, to squander all


ozac

Adapted borrowing of Middle Low German āsen + -ac.

af

(transitive) to use up, to squander, to waste


pôlëcëja

(law enforcement) police (public agency charged with enforcing laws and maintaining public order, usually being granted special privileges to do so)


pôlëcëja

(law enforcement) policeman, police officer


-kô

kôlô + -kô → kólkô

forms neuter nouns, sometimes diminutive in nature


ognjê

oh! wonderful! it's a miracle! expresses surprise, especially a pleasant one


-jy

forms adjectives from nouns, usually possessive


-nõc

ochac + -nõc → ochnõc


rôz-

rôz- + ozac → rôzozac


dô-

dô- + ozac → dôozac

forms perfective verbs, often meaning "all the way", "entirely", or "to the end"


zaãkrôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zaãkrac


wùãkrôwac

wù‧ã‧krô‧wac

(transitive) Alternative form of wùãkrac


przëãkrôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of przëãkrac


inzla

island (piece of land smaller than a continent and surrounded by water)


-êc

babji + -êc → babjêc


ãkrac

zlw-slv-verb

ãkrac impf (perfective przëãkrac or wùãkrac or zaãkrac)

przëãkrac (perfective)
wùãkrac (perfective)
zaãkrac (perfective)

(transitive, nautical) to anchor (to tether with an anchor)


babjêc

(intransitive) Alternative form of babjoc


zbabjêc

(intransitive) Alternative form of zbabjoc


babjëwjérca

zlw-slv-noun

babjëwjérca m pers (female equivalent babjëwjérczina)

From babjy (“womanly”) + -ë- + wjêrzëc (“to believe”) + -ca.


babjëwjérnjica

From babjy (“womanly”) + -ë- + wjêrzëc (“to believe”) + -njica.

female equivalent of babjëwjérnjik (“superstitious woman”)


babjëwjérztwô

From babjy (“womanly”) + -ë- + wjêrzëc (“to believe”) + -stwô.


żwama

zlw-slv-noun

żwama f (related adjective żwamôwaty or żwamaty)

żwamôwaty (adjective)
żwamaty (adjective)


babjëwjérnjik

babjëwjérnjik m pers (female equivalent babjëwjérnjica)

From babjy (“womanly”) + -ë- + wjêrzëc (“to believe”) + -njik.


babjëwjérczina

zlw-slv-noun

babjëwjérczina f (male equivalent babjëwjérca)

female equivalent of babjëwjérca (“superstitious woman”)


babjëwjérny

zlw-slv-adj

babjëwjérny (comparative barżé babjëwjérny, superlative nobarżé babjëwjérny, no derived adverb)

barżé babjëwjérny (comparative)
nobarżé babjëwjérny (superlative)

From babjy (“womanly”) + -ë- + wjêrzëc (“to believe”) + -ny.


babjoc

From babji + -oc. Compare Kashubian babiec and Polish babieć.

(intransitive) to become womanly, to become effeminate


zbabjoc

From z- + babjoc. Compare Kashubian zbabiec and Polish zbabieć.


ãjel

ãjel (nominative singular)
ãghla (dual nominative)
ãghlë (nominative plural)
ãghla (genitive singular)
ãghló (dual genitive)
ãghló (genitive plural)
ãghlú (dative singular)
ãghlôma (dative dual)
ãghlóm (dative plural)
ãjel (accusative singular)
ãghla (accusative dual)
ãghlë (accusative plural)
ãghlã (instrumental singular)
ãghlôma (dual instrumental)
ãghlamy (instrumental plural)
ãghlú (locative singular)
ãghlach (dual locative)
ãghlach (locative plural)
ãghlú (singular vocative)
ãghla (dual vocative)
ãghlë (plural vocative)


-ë-

forms compounds, used after soft consonants


babjynka

From babjina + -ka. Compare Kashubian babinka and Polish babinka.


-njica

aptéka + -njica → aptécznjica


-iszczô

baba + -iszczô → babjiszczô


babjiszczô

From baba + -iszczô. Compare Kashubian babiszcze.


babjyn

zlw-slv-adj

babjyn (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babinъ. By surface analysis, baba + -yn.


babjy

babjy (comparative barżé babjy, superlative nobarżé babjy, no derived adverb)

barżé babjy (comparative)
nobarżé babjy (superlative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babьjь. By surface analysis, baba + -jy.

(relational, not comparable) woman (relating to a woman)

womanly, effeminate (similar to a woman)


babjina

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babina. By surface analysis, baba + -ina.


-ôwaty

żwama + -ôwaty → żwamôwaty

forms adjectives meaning "similar to", "like" -y, -like


bablôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of bablac


zabablôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of zabablac


nabablôwac

(intransitive) Alternative form of nabablac


-ôtac

bablac + -ôtac → bablôtac

forms verbs, often onomatopoeic in nature


bablac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babrati with an irregular shift of -r- > -l.


wôbaczic

(transitive) to look around; to visit; to explore


przëbaczic

From przë- + baczic. Compare Kashubian przëbaczëc.

+obj

(transitive) to remind (to cause someone to remember something from the past) [with dative ‘whom’ and accusative ‘of what’]

(reflexive with sã) to remind oneself, to remember, to recall (to bring to mind people or events from the past)


przêbaczac

From przêbaczic + -ac. Compare Kashubian przebaczac and Polish przebaczać.


przêbaczic

From przê- + baczic. Compare Kashubian przebaczëc and Polish przebaczyć.


wëbaczic

From wë- + baczic. Compare Kashubian wëbaczëc and Polish wybaczyć.


wëbaczac

From wëbaczic + -ac. Compare Kashubian wëbaczac and Polish wybaczać.


rôzbadac

From rôz- + badac. Compare Polish rozbadać.


baczlëwy

zlw-slv-adj

baczlëwy (comparative barżé baczlëwy, superlative nobarżé baczlëwy, derived adverb baczlëwjê)

barżé baczlëwy (comparative)
nobarżé baczlëwy (superlative)


baczlëwjê

zlw-slv-adv

baczlëwjê (comparative barżé baczlëwjê, superlative nobarżé baczlëwjê)

barżé baczlëwjê (comparative)
nobarżé baczlëwjê (superlative)


baczic

(intransitive) to heed, to pay attention to, to mind [with na (+ accusative) ‘to what’]


przêbadac

From przê- + badac. Compare Kashubian przebadac and Polish przebadać impf.

(transitive) to pierce by bumping, knocking, or striking


bocznôsc

From boczny + -ôsc. Compare Polish baczność.


dôbadac

From dô- + badac. Compare Kashubian dobadac and Polish dobadać.

(transitive) to kill by bumping, knocking, or striking


przë-

przë- + ãkrac → przëãkrac

przë- + baczic → przëbaczic


przê-

przê- + baczic → przêbaczic

przê- + jyc → przêjc

added to verbs to mean across, through, trans-, per-


wô-

wô- + baczic → wôbaczic

prefix indicating a perfective verb, sometimes with a semantic shift


-lëwy

From Proto-Slavic *-lъ + Proto-Slavic *-ivъ.

baczic + -lëwy → baczlëwy


bagnjy

(almost exclusively in the feminine, of sheep and goats) pregnant


bocznjê

bocznjê (comparative bacznjé, superlative nobacznjé)

bacznjé (comparative)
nobacznjé (superlative)

From boczny + -jê. Compare Polish bacznie.


wëbagnjic

(reflexive with sã, of sheep and goats) to stop lambing (to stop giving birth to baby sheep)


pôbagnjic

(reflexive with sã, of sheep and goats) to lamb (to give birth to a baby sheep)


bagnjic

zlw-slv-verb

bagnjic impf (perfective pôbagnjic or wôbagnjic)

pôbagnjic (perfective)
wôbagnjic (perfective)

Back-formation of Proto-Slavic *o(b)- + *agniti.


bagnô

marsh rosemary (Rhododendron tomentosum)


wëbagrôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of wëbagrac


-awac

wëbagrac + -awac → wëbagrawac


bakúzôwy

zlw-slv-adj

bakúzôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


wôbalôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of wôbalac


wëbagrac

(transitive) to excavate; to dredge (to make a hole deeper)

(transitive) to excavate out; to dredge out (to remove by digging)


baghoża

Borrowed from German Bagage. Compare Kashubian bagaż and Polish bagaż.


zabalôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zabalac


baghnet

zlw-slv-noun

baghnet m inan (related adjective baghnetôwy)

Borrowed from Polish bagnet. Compare Kashubian bagnét.


baghnetôwy

zlw-slv-adj

baghnetôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From baghnet + -ôwy. Compare Polish bagnetowy.


balëca

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


balëczny

balëczny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational) mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris


zabalac

(transitive) to board up (to cover with boards)


bakúz

zlw-slv-noun

bakúz m inan (related adjective bakúzôwy)

Borrowed from German Backhaus. Compare Kashubian bakùz.


balaszt

balaszt m inan (related adjective balasztôwy)

Borrowed from Polish balast. Compare Kashubian balaszt.

(nautical) ballast (heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship to provide stability)


balasztôwy

zlw-slv-adj

balasztôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From balaszt + -ôwy. Compare Polish balastowy.

(relational, nautical) ballast (heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship to provide stability)


-czik

balbéra + -czik → balbérczik


balbyrzëk

bălbyrzëk (not comparable, no derived adverb)


balbyró

bălbyró (not comparable, no derived adverb)


balbéró

bălbéró (not comparable, no derived adverb)


balzamérôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of balzamérac


balbéra

zlw-slv-noun

bălbéra m pers (diminutive balbérzëk or balbérczik, related adjective balbérzkjy, possessive adjective balbéró)

bălbéra (canonical masculine person)
balbérzëk (diminutive)
balbérczik (diminutive)
balbérzkjy (adjective)
balbéró (adjective possessive)


balbyrzkjy

zlw-slv-adj

bălbyrzkjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


balëk

diminutive of bal (“ball”) (round or roundish object, most commonly used in games)


balëk

diminutive of bal (“ball”) (formal dance)


balzóm

zlw-slv-noun

balzóm m inan (related adjective balzamôwy)

Borrowed from German Balsam. Compare Kashubian balzam and Polish balsam.

balsam, balm (sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants)


balzamôwy

zlw-slv-adj

balzamôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From balzóm + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian balzamowi and Polish balsamowy.


balôwy

balôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational) ball (round or roundish object, most commonly used in games)


balkôwy

bălkôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From balka + -ôwy. Compare Polish belkowy.

(relational) beam (large piece of timber or iron)


balbérzkjy

bălbérzkjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


balzamérac

Adapted borrowing of German balsamieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian balsamòwac and Polish balsamować.


babskjy

zlw-slv-adj

babskjy (comparative barżé babskjy, superlative nobarżé babskjy, no derived adverb)

barżé babskjy (comparative)
nobarżé babskjy (superlative)

From baba + -skjy. Compare Kashubian babsczi and Polish babski.

womanly, effeminate (similar to a woman)


balanzérac

Adapted borrowing of German balanzieren + -ac. Compare Kashubian balansowac and Polish balansować.

af

(intransitive) to balance (to maintain one's balance)


babskô

From baba + -skô. Compare Kashubian babskò and Polish babsko.


balcziszczô

-alt͡ʃiʃt͡ʃɵ


-úszk

barón + -úszk → baranúszk

forms nouns, sometimes referring to young animals


wëbarghôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of wëbarghac


nabarghôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of nabarghac


wùbarghôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of wùbarghac


zabarghôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of zabarghac


barghôwac

Adapted borrowing of German bergen + -ôwac.

(transitive) Alternative form of barghac


zabarghac

(transitive) to salvage; to recover (to bring goods cast out at sea or on a stranded ship to safety)


barónkôwy

zlw-slv-adj

barónkôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From barónk + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian barankòwi and Polish barankowy.


baranjina

From barón + -ina. Compare Kashubian baranina and Polish baranina.


nabarghac

(transitive) to salvage much; to recover much (to bring many goods cast out at sea or on a stranded ship to safety)


barghownjik

salvager; recoverer (one who brings goods cast out at sea or on a stranded ship to safety)


barghac

zlw-slv-verb

barghac impf (perfective wëbarghac or wùbarghac or zabarghac)

wëbarghac (perfective)
wùbarghac (perfective)
zabarghac (perfective)

Adapted borrowing of German bergen + -ac.


pôbarkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of pôbarkac


barkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of barkac


wëbarkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of wëbarkac


zabarkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of zabarkac


przêbarkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of przêbarkac


barankôwy

zlw-slv-adj

barankôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


nabarkôwac

(reflexive with sã) Alternative form of nabarkac


barkónôwy

barkónôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

Lyrurus tetrix
Lyrurus tetrix#Translingual

(relational) black grouse, Lyrurus tetrix}


przêbarkac

(reflexive with sã) to struggle through, to get through


pôbarkac

(reflexive with sã) to wrestle for a while


wëbarkac

(reflexive with sã) to wrestle oneself out (to wrestle to the point of complete exhaustion)


barkón

zlw-slv-noun

barkón m animal (related adjective barkónôwy)


barkôwy

zlw-slv-adj

barkôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


barkôwy

(relational, nautical) barque (sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged)


-ôwnjik

barghac + -ôwnjik → barghownjik


nabarkac

(reflexive with sã) to wrestle oneself tired (to exert oneself to the point of being tired while wrestling)


barkac

Disputed.
* Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrkàti with a semantic shift of to drive, to swing oneself > to exert oneself > to wrestle, remodeled to have a conjugation type III2D (from -ac/-ôwac) due to the stress and contamination from Proto-Slavic *bъrkovati.
* From Proto-Slavic *barati + Proto-Slavic *-kati.

unc

Disputed


kùchnja

zlw-slv-noun

kùchnja f (diminutive kùchenka, related adjective kùchnjôwy or kùchenny)

kùchenka (diminutive)
kùchnjôwy (adjective)
kùchenny (adjective)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti
Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō
Latin coquō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *-os
Latin -us
Latin coquus
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnus
Latin coquīnus
Latin coquina
Late Latin cocīnabor.
Proto-West Germanic *kukinā
Old High German chuhhinabor.
Old Polish kuchnia
Polish kuchniabor.
Slovincian kùchnja
Borrowed from Polish kuchnia. Compare Kashubian kùchniô.

etymon

kitchen (room or area for preparing food)


batôgôwac

(transitive) Alternative form of batëgac


batëgôwy

zlw-slv-adj

batëgôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)


bataljónskjy

bataljónskjy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

(relational, military) battalion (military unit)


barżé

more used to form the comparative degree


basnjik

(music) bass player, double bass musician (person who plays a double bass)


basôwy

basôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From bas + -ôwy. Compare Kashubian basowi and Polish basowy.

(relational, music) bass, double bass (largest stringed instrument of the violin family)


batryny

batryny (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From batrëja + -ny. Compare Kashubian baterijny and Polish bateryjny.

(relational, military) battery, artillery battery


batôżëszczô

/ˈbatɵʒəʃt͡ʃɵ/

ba‧tô‧żësz‧czô

From batúg + -ëszczô. Compare Kashubian batożëszcze.


bataljónôwy

bataljónôwy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

From bataljón + -ôwy. Compare Polish batalionowy.


-ëszczô

batúg + -ëszczô → batôżëszczô


bataljón

zlw-slv-noun

bataljón m inan (related adjective bataljónskjy or bataljónôwy)

bataljónskjy (adjective)
bataljónôwy (adjective)

Borrowed from German Bataillon. Compare Kashubian batalión and Polish batalion.


batúżk

From batúg + -k. Compare Polish batożek.


batëgac

From batúg + -ac. Compare Kashubian batugòwac and near cognates Polish batożyć and Kashubian batożëc.

(transitive) to birch, to cane, to flog, to lash, to whip


batrëja

Borrowed from German Batterie. Compare Kashubian bateriô and Polish bateria.


nabawjic

From na- + bawjic. Compare Kashubian nabawic and Polish nabawić.

to one's heart's content
to one's heart's content

(reflexive with sã) to play to one's heart's content [with instrumental ‘with what’]


pôbawjic

From pô- + bawjic. Compare Kashubian pòbawic and Polish pobawić.

(transitive) to stop for a while (to cause someone to stay or linger somewhere)

(transitive) to entertain for a while, to amuse for a while

(reflexive with sã) to stop for a while (to stay somewhere, to linger somewhere)

(reflexive with sã) to have fun for a while (to entertain or amuse oneself)


wëbawjac

From wëbawjic + -ac. Compare Kashubian wëbawiac and Polish wybawiać.

(transitive) to free, to liberate [with sê (+ genitive) ‘from what’]


zbawjac

From zbawjic + -ac. Compare Kashubian zbawiac and Polish zbawiać.

(transitive, theology, Christianity) to save, to deliver, to redeem [with wôd (+ genitive) ‘from what’]


zabawjac

From za- + bawjic. Compare Kashubian zabawiac and Polish zabawiać.

(transitive) to stop (to cause someone to stay or linger somewhere)

(reflexive with sã) to stop (to stay somewhere, to linger somewhere)

(reflexive with sã) to have fun (to entertain or amuse oneself)


nobarżé

the most used to form the superlative degree of adverbs


wëbawjic

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vybaviti. By surface analysis, wë- + bawjic.


zabawjic

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabaviti. By surface analysis, za- + bawjic.


zbawjic

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzbaviti. By surface analysis, z- + bawjic.


przêdôbëc

From przê- + dôbëc. Compare Kashubian przedobëc.

(transitive) to overwhelm, to subdue, to overpower

(reflexive with sã) to try to overcome something [with dô (+ genitive) ‘what’]


przêdôbëwac

From przê- + dôbëwac. Compare Kashubian przedobëwac.


wôddôbëc

(ditransitive) to gain something from someone [with dative ‘from whom’]


bazmô

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Slavic *pazъ + *-mo with a change of initial p- to b- due to frequent use, or less likely borrowed from Latin bozmas.

(hunting, fishing) middle part of a net used in winter


pôbëc

From pô- + bëc. Compare Kashubian pòbëc and Polish pobyć.

(intransitive) to stay for some time, to be somewhere temporarily


zdôbëc

From z- + dôbëc. Compare Kashubian zdobëc and Polish zdobyć.

(transitive) to win, to conquer; to storm


wëdôbëwac

wë‧dô‧bë‧wac

From wë- + dôbëwac. Compare Kashubian wëdobëwac and Polish wydobywać.

(transitive) to extract, to draw out, to produce


zdôbëwac

From z- + dôbëwac. Compare Kashubian zdobëwac and Polish zdobywać.


wëbëwac

From wë- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian wëbëwac and Polish wybywać.

(intransitive) to stay for a while, to endure, to linger, to remain


wôdbëc

From wôd- + bëc. Compare Kashubian òdbëc and Polish odbyć.

(reflexive with sã) to take place, to happen


przëbëwac

From przë- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian przëbëwac and Polish przybywać.

(intransitive) to arrive (to begin to be somewhere)

(transitive) to grow, to increase [with dative ‘for whom’]


wëbëc

From wë- + bëc. Compare Kashubian wëbëc and Polish wybyć.


wôbëc

From wô- + bëc. Compare Kashubian òbëc and Polish obyć.

(reflexive with sã) to make do, to manage, to get by [with sê (+ instrumental) ‘with what’]


wôbëwac

From wô- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian òbëwac and Polish obywać.


wùbëc

From wù- + bëc. Compare Kashubian ùbëc and Polish ubyć.

(intransitive) to stay, to remain, to linger


wëzbëwac

From wë- + zbëc. Compare Kashubian wëzbëwac and Polish wyzbywać.

(transitive) to get rid of everything; to lose all


wôdbëwac

From wôd- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian òdbëwac and Polish odbywać.


wùbëwac

From wù- + bëwac. Compare Kashubian ùbëwac and Polish ubywać.


przëbëc

From przë- + bëc. Compare Kashubian przëbëc and Polish przybyć.


wëzbëc

From wë- + zbëc. Compare Kashubian wëzbëc and Polish wyzbyć.


pôzbëwac

From pô- + zbëc. Compare Kashubian pòzbëwac and Polish pozbywać.

(reflexive with sã) to get rid of, to rid oneself of [with genitive ‘of what’]


órring

Borrowed from German Ohrring. Compare Kashubian óring.


dôbëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobyti. By surface analysis, dô- + bëc.

(transitive) to win, to conquer, to gain


dôbëwac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dobyvati. By surface analysis, dô- + bëwac.


zabëwac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabyvati. By surface analysis, za- + bëwac.


wëdôbëc

From wë- + dôbëc. Compare Kashubian wëdobëc and Polish wydobyć.


zbëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzbyti. By surface analysis, z- + bëc.


zbëwac

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьzbyvati. By surface analysis, z- + bëwac.


bafkjy

(Protestantism) preaching bands (kind of neckwear worn chiefly by Protestant ministers)


zabëc

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zabỳti. By surface analysis, za- + bëc.


wôd-

wôd- + jyć → wôdjyc

indicates repetition of some process; re-

wôd- + dac → wôddać

indicates returning an action to someone; back


pôzbëc

From pô- + zbëc. Compare Kashubian pòzbëc and Polish pozbyć.