aby

Inherited from Old Polish aby. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + by.


to

in that case, then (used in if-constructions)


by

bych (first-person singular)
bychmy (first-person plural)
byś (second-person singular)
byście (plural second-person)
by (singular third-person)
by (plural third-person)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-
Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti
Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei
Proto-Slavic *byti
Proto-Slavic *by
Old Polish by
Silesian by
Inherited from Old Polish by.


co

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷísder.
Proto-Slavic *česo
Old Polish czso
Silesian co
Inherited from Old Polish czso.

(proscribed) coordinating conjunction; that


ani

Inherited from Old Polish ani. By surface analysis, univerbation of a + ni


a

Stołech ze stołka a siech wziōn za pomywanie.

I got up from the chair and got to washing up.

and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)

Mama sōm przedŏwŏczka a tata sōm elektrykŏrz.

My mum is a saleswoman while my dad is an electrician.

Piyrwyj sie pōdã wartko szpluchnyć a potym zōndã do sklepu.

First I'll take a quick bath and then I'll go to the shop.

and then (used to say an event will occur once some requirement is fulfilled)

A czamu pytŏsz?


że

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ís
Proto-Balto-Slavic *is
Proto-Slavic *jь
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge
Proto-Slavic *že
Proto-Slavic *jь že
Old Polish że
Silesian że
Inherited from Old Polish że.


aż

Tak sie tyn synek wyuczōł, aż ôstoł farŏrzym.

This chap learnt so much that he became a local pastor.

Babie bōło głupio, aż sie borŏka cołkŏ czerwiōnŏ zrobiyła.

The lady was so embarrassed that she went all red.

emphasizes the extent or degree; so much so that, to the point that

Nic ci niy dōm, aż mie szyciŏ niy nauczysz!

I won't give you ought until you teach me how to sew!


jeśli

eli (alternative)
ejźli (alternative)
eźli (alternative)
jeli (alternative)
jesi (alternative)
jeźli (alternative)

introduces a real conditional clause; if


żeby

Inherited from Old Polish żeby. By surface analysis, że + -by. Compare Kashubian żebë.

creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to


niż

Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).

surf

used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than


gdyby

gdybych (first-person singular)
gdybychmy (first-person plural)
gdybyś (second-person singular)
gdybyście (plural second-person)
gdyby (singular third-person)
gdyby (plural third-person)

Inherited from Old Polish gdyby. By surface analysis, gdy + -by.


choć

Inherited from Old Polish choć. By surface analysis, clipping of chocia.


zanim

Univerbation of za + nim. Compare Polish zanim.


iż

iże (alternative)
jiże (alternative archaic)

(literary) introduces a subordinate clause; that


jakby

jakbych (first-person singular)
jakbychmy (first-person plural)
jakbyś (second-person singular)
jakbyście (plural second-person)
jakby (singular third-person)
jakby (plural third-person)

Inherited from Old Polish jakby. By surface analysis, jak + -by.


pōniywŏż

desc

→ Polish: ponieważ, poniewadz, poniewadż (Middle Polish)

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Proto-Indo-European *ís
Proto-Balto-Slavic *is
Proto-Slavic *jь
Proto-Slavic *poňe
Proto-Balto-Slavic *wāˀs
Proto-Slavic *va
Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge
Proto-Slavic *že
Proto-Slavic *poňevaže
Old Czech poněvadž
Czech poněvadžbor.
Silesian pōniywŏż
From earlier *poniéwáż, borrowed from Czech poněvadž.

etymon

Chociŏż po 25 latach zawarciŏ bōł nazŏd wolny, to niy prziszło mu sie trefić ze żōnōm, pōniywŏż umrziła ôna podwiela go Anglijŏki puściyli.

2018 – 2019 February 14, Grzegorz Kulik, “Dziyń Świyntego Walyncina”, in Wachtyrz.eu, Kotórz Mały, Poland: Silesia Progress:

(chiefly obsolete, now rare) because, for


choćby

choćbych (first-person singular)
choćbychmy (first-person plural)
choćbyś (second-person singular)
choćbyście (plural second-person)
choćby (singular third-person)
choćby (plural third-person)


aleć

Inherited from Old Polish aleć. By surface analysis, ale + -ć.


zatym

Inherited from Old Polish zatem. By surface analysis, univerbation of za + tym.