minister

szl-noun

minister m pers (related adjective ministeryjalny)

(government) minister (a politician who heads a ministry)


bal

balowy (adjective)
bal (nominative singular)
bale (nominative plural)
balu (genitive singular)
balōw (genitive plural)
balowi (dative singular)
balōm (dative plural)
bal (accusative singular)
bale (accusative plural)
balym (instrumental singular)
balami (instrumental plural)
balōma (instrumental plural)
balu (locative singular)
balach (locative plural)
balu (singular vocative)
bale (plural vocative)


matka

matka (nominative singular)
matki (nominative plural)
matki (genitive singular)
matek (genitive plural)
matce (dative singular)
matkōm (dative plural)
matkã (accusative singular)
matki (accusative plural)
matkōm (instrumental singular)
matkami (instrumental plural)
matkōma (instrumental plural)
matce (locative singular)
matkach (locative plural)
matko (singular vocative)
matki (plural vocative)


kara

kara (nominative singular)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
karōw (genitive plural)
karze (dative singular)
karōm (dative plural)
karã (accusative singular)
kary (accusative plural)
karōm (instrumental singular)
karami (instrumental plural)
karōma (instrumental plural)
karze (locative singular)
karach (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
kary (plural vocative)


szkoła

Inherited from Old Polish szkoła. Doublet of szula, a German borrowing.


nauczyciel

Inherited from Old Polish nauczyciel. By surface analysis, nauczyć + -ciel.

(rare) teacher (person who teaches, especially one employed in a school)


ściana

ściana (nominative singular)
ściany (nominative plural)
ściany (genitive singular)
ścianōw (genitive plural)
ścianie (dative singular)
ścianōm (dative plural)
ścianã (accusative singular)
ściany (accusative plural)
ścianōm (instrumental singular)
ścianami (instrumental plural)
ścianōma (instrumental plural)
ścianie (locative singular)
ścianach (locative plural)
ściano (singular vocative)
ściany (plural vocative)


mama

mama (nominative singular)
mamy (nominative plural)
mamy (genitive singular)
mam (genitive plural)
mamie (dative singular)
mamōm (dative plural)
mamã (accusative singular)
mamy (accusative plural)
mamōm (instrumental singular)
mamami (instrumental plural)
mamōma (instrumental plural)
mamie (locative singular)
mamach (locative plural)
mamo (singular vocative)
mamy (plural vocative)


klub

klub (nominative singular)
kluby (nominative plural)
klubu (genitive singular)
klubōw (genitive plural)
klubowi (dative singular)
klubōm (dative plural)
klub (accusative singular)
kluby (accusative plural)
klubym (instrumental singular)
klubami (instrumental plural)
klubōma (instrumental plural)
klubie (locative singular)
klubach (locative plural)
klubie (singular vocative)
kluby (plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Klub or Polish klub, ultimately from English club.

club, nightclub (establishment that is open late at night)


syn

syn m pers (diminutive synek, related adjective synowy)

synek (diminutive)
synowy (adjective)
syn (nominative singular)
synowie (nominative plural)
syna (genitive singular)
synōw (genitive plural)
synowi (dative singular)
synōm (dative plural)
syna (accusative singular)
synōw (accusative plural)
synym (instrumental singular)
synami (instrumental plural)
synōma (instrumental plural)
synu (locative singular)
synach (locative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
synowie (plural vocative)

Coordinate term: cera


brat

bracik (diminutive)
brat (nominative singular)
braciŏ (nominative plural)
brata (genitive singular)
bratōw (genitive plural)
bratowi (dative singular)
bratōm (dative plural)
brata (accusative singular)
bratōw (accusative plural)
bratym (instrumental singular)
bratami (instrumental plural)
bratōma (instrumental plural)
bracie (locative singular)
bratach (locative plural)
bracie (singular vocative)
braciŏ (plural vocative)

(religion) brother (member of a men's religious order)

brother (male companion or friend, usually with the same interests, experience, views, etc.)


polski

polski (masculine nominative singular)
polskie (neuter nominative singular)
polskŏ (feminine nominative singular)
polscy (nominative plural virile)
polskie (nominative nonvirile plural)
polskigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
polskij (feminine genitive singular)
polskich (genitive plural)
polskimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
polskij (dative feminine singular)
polskim (dative plural)
polskigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
polskie (accusative animate neuter singular)
polskõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
polskich (accusative animate plural virile)
polskie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
polski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
polskie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
polskõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
polskich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
polskie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
polskim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
polskōm (feminine instrumental singular)
polskimi (instrumental plural)
polskim (locative masculine neuter singular)
polskij (feminine locative singular)
polskich (locative plural)
polski (masculine singular vocative)
polskie (neuter singular vocative)
polskŏ (feminine singular vocative)
polscy (plural virile vocative)
polskie (nonvirile plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish polski. By surface analysis, pole + -ski.

(relational) Polish (of, or from Poland)


cesta

W postrzodku cesty, kiero kludzi łod Cieszyna do Jastrzymbio je tako szumno dziedzina co sie Ze[b]rzidowicami mianuje.

2013 March 30, “CO TYDZIYŃ PO NASZYMU: Obezdrzymy dzisio pieknóm dziedzine”, in Gazetacodzienna, archived from the original on 2022-08-14:

In the middle of the road that leads from Cieszyn to Jastrzębie is a lovely village called Zebrzydowice.

(Cieszyn Silesia) Synonym of drōga (“road”)


baba

babka (diminutive)
baba (nominative singular)
baby (nominative plural)
baby (genitive singular)
bŏb (genitive plural)
babōw (genitive plural)
babie (dative singular)
babōm (dative plural)
babã (accusative singular)
baby (accusative plural)
babōm (instrumental singular)
babami (instrumental plural)
babōma (instrumental plural)
babie (locative singular)
babach (locative plural)
babo (singular vocative)
baby (plural vocative)

wife; girlfriend (female romantic partner)

female matchmaker (woman who sets up couples)

pile driver (machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground)

(derogatory) pansy, big girl's blouse (male of weak or cowardly character)

(forging) small anvil for striking a scythe or a sickle

(agriculture) group of sheaves of grain next to each other covered in another sheaf


pole

polny (adjective)
pole (nominative singular)
pola (nominative plural)
pola (genitive singular)
polōw (genitive plural)
polu (dative singular)
polōm (dative plural)
pole (accusative singular)
pola (accusative plural)
polym (instrumental singular)
polami (instrumental plural)
polōma (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polach (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pola (plural vocative)

(computing) field (area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)


nos

nos (nominative singular)
nosy (nominative plural)
nosa (genitive singular)
nosōw (genitive plural)
nosowi (dative singular)
nosōm (dative plural)
nos (accusative singular)
nosy (accusative plural)
nosym (instrumental singular)
nosami (instrumental plural)
nosōma (instrumental plural)
nosie (locative singular)
nosach (locative plural)
nosie (singular vocative)
nosy (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús
Proto-Slavic *nosъ
Old Polish nos
Silesian nos
Inherited from Old Polish nos.

etymon

(anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)

brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)


bok

boczny (adjective)
bok (nominative singular)
boki (nominative plural)
boku (genitive singular)
bokōw (genitive plural)
bokowi (dative singular)
bokōm (dative plural)
bok (accusative singular)
boki (accusative plural)
bokym (instrumental singular)
bokami (instrumental plural)
bokōma (instrumental plural)
boku (locative singular)
bokach (locative plural)
boku (singular vocative)
boki (plural vocative)

side, flank (neither the front nor the back; lateral part of a person, animal, or object)


sobota

sobotni (adjective)
sobota (nominative singular)
soboty (nominative plural)
soboty (genitive singular)
sobot (genitive plural)
sobōt (genitive plural)
sobotōw (genitive plural)
sobocie (dative singular)
sobotōm (dative plural)
sobotã (accusative singular)
soboty (accusative plural)
sobotōm (instrumental singular)
sobotami (instrumental plural)
sobotōma (instrumental plural)
sobocie (locative singular)
sobotach (locative plural)
soboto (singular vocative)
soboty (plural vocative)

days of the week: dni tydnia: pyńdziałek~pōniedziałek · wtorek · strzoda · sztwŏrtek · piōntek · sobota · niydziela [edit]


woda

woda (nominative singular)
wody (nominative plural)
wody (genitive singular)
wōd (genitive plural)
wodzie (dative singular)
wodōm (dative plural)
wodã (accusative singular)
wody (accusative plural)
wodōm (instrumental singular)
wodami (instrumental plural)
wodōma (instrumental plural)
wodzie (locative singular)
wodach (locative plural)
wodo (singular vocative)
wody (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō
Proto-Slavic *voda
Old Polish woda
Silesian woda
Inherited from Old Polish woda.


film

film (nominative singular)
filmy (nominative plural)
filmu (genitive singular)
filmōw (genitive plural)
filmowi (dative singular)
filmōm (dative plural)
film (accusative singular)
filmy (accusative plural)
filmym (instrumental singular)
filmami (instrumental plural)
filmōma (instrumental plural)
filmu (locative singular)
filmach (locative plural)
filmu (singular vocative)
filmy (plural vocative)


ulica

szl-noun

ulica f (diminutive uliczka, related adjective uliczny)

uliczka (diminutive)
uliczny (adjective)
ulica (nominative singular)
ulice (nominative plural)
ulice (genitive singular)
ulic (genitive plural)
ulicy (dative singular)
ulicōm (dative plural)
ulicã (accusative singular)
ulice (accusative plural)
ulicōm (instrumental singular)
ulicami (instrumental plural)
ulicōma (instrumental plural)
ulicy (locative singular)
ulicach (locative plural)
ulico (singular vocative)
ulice (plural vocative)


para

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzić.

surf

steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)


bana

bana (nominative singular)
bany (nominative plural)
bany (genitive singular)
banōw (genitive plural)
banie (dative singular)
banōm (dative plural)
banã (accusative singular)
bany (accusative plural)
banōm (instrumental singular)
banami (instrumental plural)
banōma (instrumental plural)
banie (locative singular)
banach (locative plural)
bano (singular vocative)
bany (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Bahn. Compare Greater Polish bana and Kashubian ban.


haja

Inherited from Old Polish haja (“storm; turmoil”). Compare Kashubian chaja.


fara

szl-noun

fara f (diminutive farka, related adjective farski or farny)

farka (diminutive)
farski (adjective)
farny (adjective)
fara (nominative singular)
fary (nominative plural)
fary (genitive singular)
farōw (genitive plural)
farze (dative singular)
farōm (dative plural)
farã (accusative singular)
fary (accusative plural)
farōm (instrumental singular)
farami (instrumental plural)
farōma (instrumental plural)
farze (locative singular)
farach (locative plural)
faro (singular vocative)
fary (plural vocative)

Borrowed from German Pfarre. Compare Polish fara.

(Christianity) rectory, presbytery (residence of Roman Catholic priest(s) associated with a parish church)

(Christianity) parish (part of a diocese)


bagno

marsh rosemary (Rhododendron tomentosum)


babka

Inherited from Old Polish ka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka.

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual

(agriculture) last sheaf gathered during a harvest


ud

(anatomy) thigh (the upper leg of a human, between the hip and the knee)


afa

(vulgar) cunt, pussy, snatch (female genitalia)


wtorek

Inherited from Old Polish wtorek, from Proto-Slavic *vъtorъkъ.


minuta

minutka (diminutive)
minuta (nominative singular)
minuty (nominative plural)
minuty (genitive singular)
minut (genitive plural)
minucie (dative singular)
minutōm (dative plural)
minutã (accusative singular)
minuty (accusative plural)
minutōm (instrumental singular)
minutami (instrumental plural)
minutōma (instrumental plural)
minucie (locative singular)
minutach (locative plural)
minuto (singular vocative)
minuty (plural vocative)

minute (unit of time equal to sixty seconds)


pismo

pisymko (diminutive)
pismo (nominative singular)
pisma (nominative plural)
pisma (genitive singular)
pism (genitive plural)
pismōw (genitive plural)
pismu (dative singular)
pismōm (dative plural)
pismo (accusative singular)
pisma (accusative plural)
pismym (instrumental singular)
pismami (instrumental plural)
pismōma (instrumental plural)
piśmie (locative singular)
pismach (locative plural)
pismo (singular vocative)
pisma (plural vocative)

letter (written or printed communication)


ucho

uszko (diminutive)
ucho (nominative singular)
uszy (nominative plural)
ucha (genitive singular)
uszy (genitive plural)
uszōw (genitive plural)
uchu (dative singular)
uszōm (dative plural)
ucho (accusative singular)
uszy (accusative plural)
uchym (instrumental singular)
uszami (instrumental plural)
uszu (locative singular)
uszach (locative plural)
ucho (singular vocative)
uszy (plural vocative)


jutro

jutro (nominative singular)
jutra (genitive singular)
jutru (dative singular)
jutro (accusative singular)
jutrym (instrumental singular)
jutrze (locative singular)
jutro (singular vocative)


noc

nocny (adjective)
noc (nominative singular)
noce (nominative plural)
nocy (genitive singular)
nocy (genitive plural)
nocy (dative singular)
nocōm (dative plural)
noc (accusative singular)
noce (accusative plural)
nocōm (instrumental singular)
nocami (instrumental plural)
nocōma (instrumental plural)
nocy (locative singular)
nocach (locative plural)
nocy (singular vocative)
noce (plural vocative)

night, nighttime (period of time from sundown to sunup)


sześć

Inherited from Old Polish sześć, from Proto-Slavic *šestь.


kultura

kultura (nominative singular)
kultury (nominative plural)
kultury (genitive singular)
kultur (genitive plural)
kulturze (dative singular)
kultury (dative plural)
kulturã (accusative singular)
kulturōm (accusative plural)
kulturōm (instrumental singular)
kulturami (instrumental plural)
kulturōma (instrumental plural)
kulturze (locative singular)
kulturach (locative plural)
kulturo (singular vocative)
kultury (plural vocative)

(countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)

(uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)


francuski

francuski (masculine nominative singular)
francuskie (neuter nominative singular)
francuskŏ (feminine nominative singular)
francuscy (nominative plural virile)
francuskie (nominative nonvirile plural)
francuskigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
francuskij (feminine genitive singular)
francuskich (genitive plural)
francuskimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
francuskij (dative feminine singular)
francuskim (dative plural)
francuskigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
francuskie (accusative animate neuter singular)
francuskõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
francuskich (accusative animate plural virile)
francuskie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
francuski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
francuskie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
francuskõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
francuskich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
francuskie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
francuskim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
francuskōm (feminine instrumental singular)
francuskimi (instrumental plural)
francuskim (locative masculine neuter singular)
francuskij (feminine locative singular)
francuskich (locative plural)
francuski (masculine singular vocative)
francuskie (neuter singular vocative)
francuskŏ (feminine singular vocative)
francuscy (plural virile vocative)
francuskie (nonvirile plural vocative)


tinta

ink (pigment (or dye)-based fluid used for writing, printing)


alabaster

(mineralogy) alabaster (fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum)


mantel

Borrowed from German Mantel. Compare Kashubian mańtel and Polish mantel


macher

Borrowed from German Macher. Compare Polish macher.


etapa

(military) étape (place where troops on a march halt overnight for rest and resupply)


gaz

Borrowed from German Gas. Compare Polish gaz.


korn

Borrowed from English corn. Compare Kashubian kòrné


noga

noga f (diminutive nożka, augmentative nożysko)

nożka (diminutive)
nożysko (augmentative)
noga (nominative singular)
nogi (nominative plural)
nogi (genitive singular)
nogi (genitive plural)
nodze (dative singular)
nōg (dative plural)
nogã (accusative singular)
nogōm (accusative plural)
nogōm (instrumental singular)
nogami (instrumental plural)
nogōma (instrumental plural)
nodze (locative singular)
nogach (locative plural)
nogo (singular vocative)
nogi (plural vocative)


dolar

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Dollar or Polish dolar, ultimately from English dollar.

dollar (designation for specific currency)


państwo

Inherited from Old Polish państwo. By surface analysis, pōn + -stwo.

ladies and gentlemen
ladies and gentlemen


pani

formal way of addressing a woman; female equivalent of pōn (“lady”)


serce

serce (nominative singular)
serca (nominative plural)
serca (genitive singular)
serc (genitive plural)
sercu (dative singular)
sercōm (dative plural)
serce (accusative singular)
serca (accusative plural)
sercym (instrumental singular)
sercami (instrumental plural)
sercōma (instrumental plural)
sercu (locative singular)
sercach (locative plural)
serce (singular vocative)
serca (plural vocative)

(anatomy) heart (muscular organ that pumps blood through the body)

(anatomy) heart (part of the chest on its left side at the level of the heart - the organ)

heart (one's feelings and emotions, especially considered as part of one's character)


ciało

ciało n (augmentative cielsko, related adjective cielesny)

cielsko (augmentative)
cielesny (adjective)
ciało (nominative singular)
ciała (nominative plural)
ciała (genitive singular)
ciał (genitive plural)
ciału (dative singular)
ciałōm (dative plural)
ciało (accusative singular)
ciała (accusative plural)
ciałym (instrumental singular)
ciałami (instrumental plural)
ciałōma (instrumental plural)
ciele (locative singular)
ciałach (locative plural)
ciało (singular vocative)
ciała (plural vocative)

body (physical structure of a human or animal seen as one single organism)


rano

ranny (adjective)
rano (nominative singular)
rana (nominative plural)
rana (genitive singular)
ran (genitive plural)
ranōw (genitive plural)
ranu (dative singular)
ranōm (dative plural)
rano (accusative singular)
rany (accusative plural)
ranym (instrumental singular)
ranami (instrumental plural)
ranōma (instrumental plural)
ranie (locative singular)
ranach (locative plural)
rano (singular vocative)
rana (plural vocative)


kraj

(government) krai (administrative division of some countries)


kość

kość (nominative singular)
kości (nominative plural)
kości (genitive singular)
kości (genitive plural)
kości (dative singular)
kościōm (dative plural)
kość (accusative singular)
kości (accusative plural)
kościōm (instrumental singular)
kościami (instrumental plural)
kościōma (instrumental plural)
kości (locative singular)
kościach (locative plural)
kości (singular vocative)
kości (plural vocative)


granica

granica f (diminutive graniczka, related adjective graniczny)

graniczka (diminutive)
graniczny (adjective)
granica (nominative singular)
granice (nominative plural)
granice (genitive singular)
granic (genitive plural)
granicy (dative singular)
granicōm (dative plural)
granicã (accusative singular)
granice (accusative plural)
granicōm (instrumental singular)
granicami (instrumental plural)
granicōma (instrumental plural)
granicy (locative singular)
granicach (locative plural)
granico (singular vocative)
granice (plural vocative)

(politics) border (line dividing countries)


fana

Borrowed from German Fahne. Compare Greater Polish fana and Kashubian fana.

flag, banner (any cloth or fabric used as a symbol)


pisać

szl-verb

pisać impf (perfective napisać, frequentative pisować)

napisać (perfective)
pisować (frequentative)
pisać (infinitive)
piszã (present singular)
piszymy (plural present)
piszesz (present singular)
piszecie (plural present)
pisze (present singular third-person)
piszōm (plural present third-person)
pisołch (masculine past singular)
pisołech (masculine past singular)
pisoł żech (masculine past singular)
pisałach (feminine past singular)
pisała żech (feminine past singular)
pisałoch (neuter past singular)
pisało żech (neuter past singular)
pisalimy (past plural virile)
pisalichmy (past plural virile)
pisałymy (nonvirile past plural)
pisałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
pisołś (masculine past singular)
pisołeś (masculine past singular)
pisoł żeś (masculine past singular)
pisałaś (feminine past singular)
pisała żeś (feminine past singular)
pisałoś (neuter past singular)
pisało żeś (neuter past singular)
pisaliście (past plural virile)
pisali żeście (past plural virile)
pisałyście (nonvirile past plural)
pisały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
pisoł (masculine past singular third-person)
pisała (feminine past singular third-person)
pisało (neuter past singular third-person)
pisali (past plural third-person virile)
pisały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã pisoł (future masculine singular)
bydã pisać (future masculine singular)
bydã pisała (feminine future singular)
bydã pisać (feminine future singular)
bydã pisało (future neuter singular)
bydã pisać (future neuter singular)
bydymy pisali (future plural virile)
bydymy pisać (future plural virile)
bydymy pisały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy pisać (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz pisoł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz pisać (future masculine singular)
bydziesz pisała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz pisać (feminine future singular)
bydziesz pisało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz pisać (future neuter singular)
bydziecie pisali (future plural virile)
bydziecie pisać (future plural virile)
bydziecie pisały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie pisać (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie pisoł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie pisać (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie pisała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie pisać (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie pisało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie pisać (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm pisali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm pisać (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm pisały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm pisać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch pisoł (masculine singular)
bōłech pisoł (masculine singular)
bōł żech pisoł (masculine singular)
byłach pisała (feminine singular)
była żech pisała (feminine singular)
byłoch pisało (neuter singular)
było żech pisało (neuter singular)
byli my pisali (plural virile)
bylichmy pisali (plural virile)
były my pisały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy pisały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś pisoł (masculine singular)
bōłeś pisoł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś pisoł (masculine singular)
byłaś pisała (feminine singular)
była żeś pisała (feminine singular)
byłoś pisało (neuter singular)
było żeś pisało (neuter singular)
byliście pisali (plural virile)
byli żeście pisali (plural virile)
byłyście pisały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście pisały (nonvirile plural)
bōł pisoł (masculine singular third-person)
była pisała (feminine singular third-person)
było pisało (neuter singular third-person)
były my pisali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy pisali (plural third-person virile)
były pisały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych pisoł (conditional masculine singular)
bych pisała (conditional feminine singular)
byście pisali (conditional neuter singular)
by my pisały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy pisały (conditional plural virile)
byś pisoł (conditional masculine singular)
byś pisała (conditional feminine singular)
byście pisały (conditional plural virile)
by pisoł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by pisała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by pisało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by pisali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by pisały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych piszã (imperative singular)
piszmy (imperative plural)
pisz (imperative singular)
piszcie (imperative plural)
niych pisze (imperative singular third-person)
niych piszōm (imperative plural third-person)
piszōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
piszōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
piszōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
piszōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
piszōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
pisany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
pisanŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
pisane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
pisani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
pisane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
pisanie (noun-from-verb)


nazywać

nazwać (perfective)
nazywać (infinitive)
nazywōm (present singular)
nazywōmy (plural present)
nazywŏsz (present singular)
nazywŏcie (plural present)
nazywŏ (present singular third-person)
nazywajōm (plural present third-person)
nazywołch (masculine past singular)
nazywołech (masculine past singular)
nazywoł żech (masculine past singular)
nazywałach (feminine past singular)
nazywała żech (feminine past singular)
nazywałoch (neuter past singular)
nazywało żech (neuter past singular)
nazywalimy (past plural virile)
nazywalichmy (past plural virile)
nazywałymy (nonvirile past plural)
nazywałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
nazywołś (masculine past singular)
nazywołeś (masculine past singular)
nazywoł żeś (masculine past singular)
nazywałaś (feminine past singular)
nazywała żeś (feminine past singular)
nazywałoś (neuter past singular)
nazywało żeś (neuter past singular)
nazywaliście (past plural virile)
nazywali żeście (past plural virile)
nazywałyście (nonvirile past plural)
nazywały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
nazywoł (masculine past singular third-person)
nazywała (feminine past singular third-person)
nazywało (neuter past singular third-person)
nazywali (past plural third-person virile)
nazywały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã nazywoł (future masculine singular)
bydã nazywać (future masculine singular)
bydã nazywała (feminine future singular)
bydã nazywać (feminine future singular)
bydã nazywało (future neuter singular)
bydã nazywać (future neuter singular)
bydymy nazywali (future plural virile)
bydymy nazywać (future plural virile)
bydymy nazywały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy nazywać (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz nazywoł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz nazywać (future masculine singular)
bydziesz nazywała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz nazywać (feminine future singular)
bydziesz nazywało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz nazywać (future neuter singular)
bydziecie nazywali (future plural virile)
bydziecie nazywać (future plural virile)
bydziecie nazywały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie nazywać (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie nazywoł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie nazywać (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie nazywała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie nazywać (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie nazywało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie nazywać (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm nazywali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm nazywać (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm nazywały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm nazywać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch nazywoł (masculine singular)
bōłech nazywoł (masculine singular)
bōł żech nazywoł (masculine singular)
byłach nazywała (feminine singular)
była żech nazywała (feminine singular)
byłoch nazywało (neuter singular)
było żech nazywało (neuter singular)
byli my nazywali (plural virile)
bylichmy nazywali (plural virile)
były my nazywały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy nazywały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś nazywoł (masculine singular)
bōłeś nazywoł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś nazywoł (masculine singular)
byłaś nazywała (feminine singular)
była żeś nazywała (feminine singular)
byłoś nazywało (neuter singular)
było żeś nazywało (neuter singular)
byliście nazywali (plural virile)
byli żeście nazywali (plural virile)
byłyście nazywały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście nazywały (nonvirile plural)
bōł nazywoł (masculine singular third-person)
była nazywała (feminine singular third-person)
było nazywało (neuter singular third-person)
były my nazywali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy nazywali (plural third-person virile)
były nazywały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych nazywoł (conditional masculine singular)
bych nazywała (conditional feminine singular)
byście nazywali (conditional neuter singular)
by my nazywały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy nazywały (conditional plural virile)
byś nazywoł (conditional masculine singular)
byś nazywała (conditional feminine singular)
byście nazywały (conditional plural virile)
by nazywoł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by nazywała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by nazywało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by nazywali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by nazywały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych nazywōm (imperative singular)
nazywejmy (imperative plural)
nazywej (imperative singular)
nazywejcie (imperative plural)
niych nazywŏ (imperative singular third-person)
niych nazywajōm (imperative plural third-person)
nazywajōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
nazywajōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
nazywajōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
nazywajōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
nazywajōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
nazywany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
nazywanŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
nazywane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
nazywani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
nazywane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
nazywanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish nazywać. By surface analysis, nazwać + -ać.

(transitive) to call, to name (to give a name or term of address)


chwila

instant, moment (very short period of time)

instant, moment (single, usually precise, point in time)


rodzina

rodzinka (diminutive)
rodzina (nominative singular)
rodziny (nominative plural)
rodziny (genitive singular)
rodzin (genitive plural)
rodzinie (dative singular)
rodzinōm (dative plural)
rodzinã (accusative singular)
rodziny (accusative plural)
rodzinōm (instrumental singular)
rodzinami (instrumental plural)
rodzinōma (instrumental plural)
rodzinie (locative singular)
rodzinach (locative plural)
rodzino (singular vocative)
rodziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish rodzina. By surface analysis, rōd + -ina.


słowo

słowo (nominative singular)
słowa (nominative plural)
słowa (genitive singular)
słōw (genitive plural)
słowu (dative singular)
słowōm (dative plural)
słowo (accusative singular)
słowa (accusative plural)
słowym (instrumental singular)
słowami (instrumental plural)
słowōma (instrumental plural)
słowie (locative singular)
słowach (locative plural)
słowo (singular vocative)
słowa (plural vocative)


prawo

prawo (nominative singular)
prawa (nominative plural)
prawa (genitive singular)
praw (genitive plural)
prawu (dative singular)
prawōm (dative plural)
prawo (accusative singular)
prawa (accusative plural)
prawym (instrumental singular)
prawami (instrumental plural)
prawōma (instrumental plural)
prawie (locative singular)
prawach (locative plural)
prawo (singular vocative)
prawa (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish prawo. By surface analysis, prawy + -o.

law (group or system of legally binding norms)


słyszeć

/ˈswɪ.ʂɛt͡ɕ/

(intransitive) to hear (to perceive with the ear)


handel

handel (nominative singular)
handlu (genitive singular)
handlowi (dative singular)
handel (accusative singular)
handlem (instrumental singular)
handlu (locative singular)
handlu (singular vocative)

(economics) trade (buying and selling of goods and services on a market)


larmo

Inherited from Old Polish larmo. Doublet of alarm.

A jeszcze pies przi tym larmie zaczōn szczekać!

And then the dog also started barking alongside that racket!

I na co robisz larmo?


palec

palec (nominative singular)
palce (nominative plural)
palca (genitive singular)
palcōw (genitive plural)
palcowi (dative singular)
palcōm (dative plural)
palec (accusative singular)
palce (accusative plural)
palcym (instrumental singular)
palcami (instrumental plural)
palcōma (instrumental plural)
palcu (locative singular)
palcach (locative plural)
palcu (singular vocative)
palce (plural vocative)


koło

kōłko (diminutive)
koło (nominative singular)
koła (nominative plural)
koła (genitive singular)
kōł (genitive plural)
kołu (dative singular)
kołōm (dative plural)
koło (accusative singular)
koła (accusative plural)
kołym (instrumental singular)
kołami (instrumental plural)
kołōma (instrumental plural)
kole (locative singular)
kołach (locative plural)
koło (singular vocative)
koła (plural vocative)

wheel (simple machine with an axle that allows for rotation, often allowing vehicles to move)


kolega

kolega (nominative singular)
koledzy (nominative plural)
kolegowie (nominative plural)
kolegi (genitive singular)
kolegōw (genitive plural)
koledze (dative singular)
kolegowi (dative singular)
kolegōm (dative plural)
kolegi (accusative singular)
kolegōw (accusative plural)
kolegōm (instrumental singular)
kolegami (instrumental plural)
kolegōma (instrumental plural)
koledze (locative singular)
kolegach (locative plural)
kolego (singular vocative)
koledzy (plural vocative)
kolegowie (plural vocative)

companion (comrade in any sphere of activity)


technika

szl-noun

technika f (related adjective techniczny)

technology (knowledge or study on such methods)


głos

głos (nominative singular)
głosy (nominative plural)
głosu (genitive singular)
głosōw (genitive plural)
głosowi (dative singular)
głosōm (dative plural)
głos (accusative singular)
głosy (accusative plural)
głosym (instrumental singular)
głosami (instrumental plural)
głosōma (instrumental plural)
głosie (locative singular)
głosach (locative plural)
głosie (singular vocative)
głosy (plural vocative)


ryż

(countable) rice (any plant of the genus Oryza sativa)


pytel

pytel (nominative singular)
pytle (nominative plural)
pytla (genitive singular)
pytli (genitive plural)
pytlōw (genitive plural)
pytlowi (dative singular)
pytlōm (dative plural)
pytel (accusative singular)
pytle (accusative plural)
pytlym (instrumental singular)
pytlami (instrumental plural)
pytlōma (instrumental plural)
pytlu (locative singular)
pytlach (locative plural)
pytlu (singular vocative)
pytle (plural vocative)

flour sifting bag (bag made of light, loosely woven fabric, used to sift flour after milling to remove the bran)


literatura

literature (the body of all written works)


babica

From baba + -ica. Compare Old Polish babica and Polish babica.


robotnik

robotnik m pers (female equivalent robotniczka)

robotniczka (feminine)
robotnik (nominative singular)
robotniki (nominative plural)
robotnika (genitive singular)
robotnikōw (genitive plural)
robotnikowi (dative singular)
robotnikōm (dative plural)
robotnika (accusative singular)
rbotnikōw (accusative plural)
robotnikym (instrumental singular)
robotnikami (instrumental plural)
robotniku (locative singular)
robotnikach (locative plural)
robotniku (singular vocative)
robotniki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish robotnik. By surface analysis, robota + -nik.


nazwa

nazwa (nominative singular)
nazwy (nominative plural)
nazwy (genitive singular)
nazw (genitive plural)
nazwie (dative singular)
nazwōm (dative plural)
nazwã (accusative singular)
nazwy (accusative plural)
nazwōm (instrumental singular)
nazwami (instrumental plural)
nazwōma (instrumental plural)
nazwie (locative singular)
nazwach (locative plural)
nazwo (singular vocative)
nazwy (plural vocative)

Deverbal from nazwać. Compare Polish nazwa.

name (word or phrase indicating a particular person, place, class)


niebo

niebieski (adjective)
niebo (nominative singular)
nieba (nominative plural)
nieba (genitive singular)
nieb (genitive plural)
niebu (dative singular)
niebōm (dative plural)
niebo (accusative singular)
nieba (accusative plural)
niebym (instrumental singular)
niebami (instrumental plural)
niebōma (instrumental plural)
niebie (locative singular)
niebach (locative plural)
niebo (singular vocative)
nieba (plural vocative)

sky (atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen)

(religion) heaven (abode of God or the gods, traditionally conceived as beyond the sky; afterlife of the blessed dead, traditionally conceived as opposed to an afterlife of the wicked and unjust)


albański

szl-adj

albański (not comparable, no derived adverb)

albański (masculine nominative singular)
albańskie (neuter nominative singular)
albańskŏ (feminine nominative singular)
albańscy (nominative plural virile)
albańskie (nominative nonvirile plural)
albańskigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
albańskij (feminine genitive singular)
albańskich (genitive plural)
albańskimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
albańskij (dative feminine singular)
albańskim (dative plural)
albańskigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
albańskie (accusative animate neuter singular)
albańskõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
albańskich (accusative animate plural virile)
albańskie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
albański (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
albańskie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
albańskõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
albańskich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
albańskie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
albańskim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
albańskōm (feminine instrumental singular)
albańskimi (instrumental plural)
albańskim (locative masculine neuter singular)
albańskij (feminine locative singular)
albańskich (locative plural)
albański (masculine singular vocative)
albańskie (neuter singular vocative)
albańskŏ (feminine singular vocative)
albańscy (plural virile vocative)
albańskie (nonvirile plural vocative)


fabryka

Borrowed from German Fabrik. Compare Polish fabryka.

factory, plant (building or other place where manufacturing takes place)


powietrze

Inherited from Old Polish powietrze. By surface analysis, po- + wiatr + -e.

air (gases making up the atmosphere of a planet)


stolica

stolica (nominative singular)
stolice (nominative plural)
stolice (genitive singular)
stolic (genitive plural)
stolicy (dative singular)
stolicōm (dative plural)
stolicã (accusative singular)
stolice (accusative plural)
stolicōm (instrumental singular)
stolicami (instrumental plural)
stolicōma (instrumental plural)
stolicy (locative singular)
stolicach (locative plural)
stolico (singular vocative)
stolice (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish stolica. By surface analysis, stół + -ica. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Polish stolica and displaced głōwne miasto.

sl

table (furniture with a top surface to accommodate a variety of uses)

(architecture) platform, tribune, pulpit (raised stage from which speeches are made)


liczba

Inherited from Old Polish liczba. By surface analysis, liczyć + -ba.


kopalnia

kopalnia (nominative singular)
kopalnie (nominative plural)
kopalnie (genitive singular)
kopalń (genitive plural)
kopalniōw (genitive plural)
kopalni (dative singular)
kopalniōm (dative plural)
kopalniã (accusative singular)
kopalnie (accusative plural)
kopalniōm (instrumental singular)
kopalniami (instrumental plural)
kopalniōma (instrumental plural)
kopalni (locative singular)
kopalniach (locative plural)
kopalnio (singular vocative)
kopalnie (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Polish kopalnia. By surface analysis, kopać + -alnia.

mine (excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels)


myśleć

/ˈmɪ.ɕlɛt͡ɕ/

Inherited from Old Polish myślić with a shift of ić -> -eć through analogy of verbs like widzieć. By surface analysis, myśl + -eć.

(intransitive) to think (to consider in one's head) [with ô (+ locative) ‘about what’]

(intransitive) to think (to be of the opinion)


spać

(intransitive) to sleep (to rest in state of reduced consciousness)


myśl

myśl (nominative singular)
myśli (nominative plural)
myśli (genitive singular)
myśli (genitive plural)
myśli (dative singular)
myślōm (dative plural)
myśl (accusative singular)
mysli (accusative plural)
myślōm (instrumental singular)
myślami (instrumental plural)
myślōma (instrumental plural)
myśli (locative singular)
myślach (locative plural)
myśli (singular vocative)
myśli (plural vocative)


śmierć

śmiertka (diminutive)
śmierć (nominative singular)
śmierci (nominative plural)
śmierci (genitive singular)
śmierci (genitive plural)
śmierci (dative singular)
śmierciōm (dative plural)
śmierć (accusative singular)
śmierci (accusative plural)
śmierciōm (instrumental singular)
śmierciami (instrumental plural)
śmierciōma (instrumental plural)
śmierci (locative singular)
śmierciach (locative plural)
śmiercio (singular vocative)
śmierci (plural vocative)


grać

grać (infinitive)
grōm (present singular)
grōmy (plural present)
grŏsz (present singular)
grŏcie (plural present)
grŏ (present singular third-person)
grajōm (plural present third-person)
grołch (masculine past singular)
grołech (masculine past singular)
groł żech (masculine past singular)
grałach (feminine past singular)
grała żech (feminine past singular)
grałoch (neuter past singular)
grało żech (neuter past singular)
gralimy (past plural virile)
gralichmy (past plural virile)
grałymy (nonvirile past plural)
grałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
grołś (masculine past singular)
grołeś (masculine past singular)
groł żeś (masculine past singular)
grałaś (feminine past singular)
grała żeś (feminine past singular)
grałoś (neuter past singular)
grało żeś (neuter past singular)
graliście (past plural virile)
grali żeście (past plural virile)
grałyście (nonvirile past plural)
grały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
groł (masculine past singular third-person)
grała (feminine past singular third-person)
grało (neuter past singular third-person)
grali (past plural third-person virile)
grały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã groł (future masculine singular)
bydã grać (future masculine singular)
bydã grała (feminine future singular)
bydã grać (feminine future singular)
bydã grało (future neuter singular)
bydã grać (future neuter singular)
bydymy grali (future plural virile)
bydymy grać (future plural virile)
bydymy grały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy grać (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz groł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz grać (future masculine singular)
bydziesz grała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz grać (feminine future singular)
bydziesz grało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz grać (future neuter singular)
bydziecie grali (future plural virile)
bydziecie grać (future plural virile)
bydziecie grały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie grać (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie groł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie grać (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie grała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie grać (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie grało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie grać (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm grali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm grać (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm grały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm grać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch groł (masculine singular)
bōłech groł (masculine singular)
bōł żech groł (masculine singular)
byłach grała (feminine singular)
była żech grała (feminine singular)
byłoch grało (neuter singular)
było żech grało (neuter singular)
byli my grali (plural virile)
bylichmy grali (plural virile)
były my grały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy grały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś groł (masculine singular)
bōłeś groł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś groł (masculine singular)
byłaś grała (feminine singular)
była żeś grała (feminine singular)
byłoś grało (neuter singular)
było żeś grało (neuter singular)
byliście grali (plural virile)
byli żeście grali (plural virile)
byłyście grały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście grały (nonvirile plural)
bōł groł (masculine singular third-person)
była grała (feminine singular third-person)
było grało (neuter singular third-person)
były my grali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy grali (plural third-person virile)
były grały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych groł (conditional masculine singular)
bych grała (conditional feminine singular)
byście grali (conditional neuter singular)
by my grały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy grały (conditional plural virile)
byś groł (conditional masculine singular)
byś grała (conditional feminine singular)
byście grały (conditional plural virile)
by groł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by grała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by grało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by grali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by grały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych grōm (imperative singular)
grejmy (imperative plural)
grej (imperative singular)
grejcie (imperative plural)
niych grŏ (imperative singular third-person)
niych grajōm (imperative plural third-person)
grajōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
grajōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
grajōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
grajōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
grajōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
grany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
granŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
grane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
grani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
grane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
granie (noun-from-verb)

+obj

na (+ accusative) w (+ accusative) ‘what’

(transitive, intransitive) to play; to gamble (to participate in a certain game, e.g. football or poker) [with accusative or na (+ accusative) or w (+ accusative) ‘what’]

acc<what> + :na(loc)<(on) what instrument>

(transitive, intransitive) to play (to produce music using a musical instrument) [with accusative ‘what’ and na (+ locative) ‘(on) what instrument’]

(reflexive with sie) to play (to pretend to be; to take on an imagined role) [with za (+ accusative) ‘whom/what role’]


socjalizm

szl-noun

socjalizm m inan (related adjective socjalistyczny)

Borrowed from German Sozialismus. Compare Polish socjalizm.


islandzki

islandzki (masculine nominative singular)
islandzkie (neuter nominative singular)
islandzkŏ (feminine nominative singular)
islandzcy (nominative plural virile)
islandzkie (nominative nonvirile plural)
islandzkigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
islandzkij (feminine genitive singular)
islandzkich (genitive plural)
islandzkimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
islandzkij (dative feminine singular)
islandzkim (dative plural)
islandzkigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
islandzkie (accusative animate neuter singular)
islandzkõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
islandzkich (accusative animate plural virile)
islandzkie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
islandzki (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
islandzkie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
islandzkõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
islandzkich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
islandzkie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
islandzkim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
islandzkōm (feminine instrumental singular)
islandzkimi (instrumental plural)
islandzkim (locative masculine neuter singular)
islandzkij (feminine locative singular)
islandzkich (locative plural)
islandzki (masculine singular vocative)
islandzkie (neuter singular vocative)
islandzkŏ (feminine singular vocative)
islandzcy (plural virile vocative)
islandzkie (nonvirile plural vocative)


wiedzieć

/ˈvjɛ.d͡ʑɛt͡ɕ/

(intransitive) to know (to possess knowledge) [with ô (+ locative) ‘about something’]


znać

znać (infinitive)
znōm (present singular)
znōmy (plural present)
znŏsz (present singular)
znŏcie (plural present)
znŏ (present singular third-person)
znajōm (plural present third-person)
znołch (masculine past singular)
znołech (masculine past singular)
znoł żech (masculine past singular)
znałach (feminine past singular)
znała żech (feminine past singular)
znałoch (neuter past singular)
znało żech (neuter past singular)
znalimy (past plural virile)
znalichmy (past plural virile)
znałymy (nonvirile past plural)
znałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
znołś (masculine past singular)
znołeś (masculine past singular)
znoł żeś (masculine past singular)
znałaś (feminine past singular)
znała żeś (feminine past singular)
znałoś (neuter past singular)
znało żeś (neuter past singular)
znaliście (past plural virile)
znali żeście (past plural virile)
znałyście (nonvirile past plural)
znały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
znoł (masculine past singular third-person)
znała (feminine past singular third-person)
znało (neuter past singular third-person)
znali (past plural third-person virile)
znały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã znoł (future masculine singular)
bydã znać (future masculine singular)
bydã znała (feminine future singular)
bydã znać (feminine future singular)
bydã znało (future neuter singular)
bydã znać (future neuter singular)
bydymy znali (future plural virile)
bydymy znać (future plural virile)
bydymy znały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy znać (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz znoł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz znać (future masculine singular)
bydziesz znała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz znać (feminine future singular)
bydziesz znało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz znać (future neuter singular)
bydziecie znali (future plural virile)
bydziecie znać (future plural virile)
bydziecie znały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie znać (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie znoł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie znać (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie znała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie znać (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie znało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie znać (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm znali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm znać (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm znały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm znać (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch znoł (masculine singular)
bōłech znoł (masculine singular)
bōł żech znoł (masculine singular)
byłach znała (feminine singular)
była żech znała (feminine singular)
byłoch znało (neuter singular)
było żech znało (neuter singular)
byli my znali (plural virile)
bylichmy znali (plural virile)
były my znały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy znały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś znoł (masculine singular)
bōłeś znoł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś znoł (masculine singular)
byłaś znała (feminine singular)
była żeś znała (feminine singular)
byłoś znało (neuter singular)
było żeś znało (neuter singular)
byliście znali (plural virile)
byli żeście znali (plural virile)
byłyście znały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście znały (nonvirile plural)
bōł znoł (masculine singular third-person)
była znała (feminine singular third-person)
było znało (neuter singular third-person)
były my znali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy znali (plural third-person virile)
były znały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych znoł (conditional masculine singular)
bych znała (conditional feminine singular)
byście znali (conditional neuter singular)
by my znały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy znały (conditional plural virile)
byś znoł (conditional masculine singular)
byś znała (conditional feminine singular)
byście znały (conditional plural virile)
by znoł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by znała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by znało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by znali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by znały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych znōm (imperative singular)
znejmy (imperative plural)
znej (imperative singular)
znejcie (imperative plural)
niych znŏ (imperative singular third-person)
niych znajōm (imperative plural third-person)
znajōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
znajōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
znajōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
znajōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
znajōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
znany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
znanŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
znane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
znani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
znane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
znanie (noun-from-verb)

(reflexive with sie) to know each other, to know one another


krew

krew (nominative singular)
krwie (nominative plural)
krwie (genitive singular)
krwi (genitive plural)
krwi (dative singular)
krwiōm (dative plural)
krew (accusative singular)
krwie (accusative plural)
krwiōm (instrumental singular)
krwiami (instrumental plural)
krwiōma (instrumental plural)
krwi (locative singular)
krwiach (locative plural)
krwi (singular vocative)
krwie (plural vocative)

blood (vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen)


sklep

sklepik (diminutive)
sklep (nominative singular)
sklepy (nominative plural)
sklepu (genitive singular)
sklepōw (genitive plural)
sklepowi (dative singular)
sklepōm (dative plural)
sklep (accusative singular)
sklepy (accusative plural)
sklepym (instrumental singular)
sklepami (instrumental plural)
sklepōma (instrumental plural)
sklepie (locative singular)
sklepach (locative plural)
sklepie (singular vocative)
sklepy (plural vocative)

shop, store (establishment that sells goods)


walka

waleczny (adjective)
walka (nominative singular)
walki (nominative plural)
walki (genitive singular)
walk (genitive plural)
walce (dative singular)
walkōm (dative plural)
walkã (accusative singular)
walki (accusative plural)
walkōm (instrumental singular)
walkami (instrumental plural)
walkōma (instrumental plural)
walce (locative singular)
walkach (locative plural)
walko (singular vocative)
walki (plural vocative)

battle; fight (general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement)


dziecko

child (person in relation to their parents)

child (form of address towards someone younger than the speaker towards which the speaker feels fondly)


szyja

Chłopiec bieżoł i chytoł go za szyja, a ôn se spōmnioł tyn furmōn, iże go zaprzedoł niy inszymu, jyny diobłu.

2018 – 2019 September 3, Grzegorz Kulik, “Ôpowiyść ô Madeji ze 1869 roku po naszymu”, in Wachtyrz.eu, Kotórz Mały, Poland: Silesia Progress:

(anatomy) neck (part of the body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals)


duży

szl-adj

duży (comparative wiynkszy, superlative nojwiynkszy)

wiynkszy (comparative)
nojwiynkszy (superlative)
duży (masculine nominative singular)
duże (neuter nominative singular)
dużŏ (feminine nominative singular)
duzi (nominative plural virile)
duże (nominative nonvirile plural)
dużego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
dużyj (feminine genitive singular)
dużych (genitive plural)
dużymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
dużyj (dative feminine singular)
dużym (dative plural)
dużego (accusative animate masculine singular)
duże (accusative animate neuter singular)
dużõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
dużych (accusative animate plural virile)
duże (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
duży (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
duże (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
dużõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
dużych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
duże (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
dużym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
dużōm (feminine instrumental singular)
dużymi (instrumental plural)
dużym (locative masculine neuter singular)
dużyj (feminine locative singular)
dużych (locative plural)
duży (masculine singular vocative)
duże (neuter singular vocative)
dużŏ (feminine singular vocative)
duzi (plural virile vocative)
duże (nonvirile plural vocative)

big, large (having a large physical size)


mały

mały (comparative myńszy, superlative nojmyńszy)

myńszy (comparative)
nojmyńszy (superlative)
mały (masculine nominative singular)
małe (neuter nominative singular)
małŏ (feminine nominative singular)
mali (nominative plural virile)
małe (nominative nonvirile plural)
małego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
małyj (feminine genitive singular)
małych (genitive plural)
małymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
małyj (dative feminine singular)
małym (dative plural)
małego (accusative animate masculine singular)
małe (accusative animate neuter singular)
małõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
małych (accusative animate plural virile)
małe (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
mały (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
małe (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
małõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
małych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
małe (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
małym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
małōm (feminine instrumental singular)
małymi (instrumental plural)
małym (locative masculine neuter singular)
małyj (feminine locative singular)
małych (locative plural)
mały (masculine singular vocative)
małe (neuter singular vocative)
małŏ (feminine singular vocative)
mali (plural virile vocative)
małe (nonvirile plural vocative)


ruch

ruch (nominative singular)
ruchy (nominative plural)
ruchu (genitive singular)
ruchōw (genitive plural)
ruchowi (dative singular)
ruchōm (dative plural)
ruch (accusative singular)
ruchy (accusative plural)
ruchym (instrumental singular)
ruchami (instrumental plural)
ruchōma (instrumental plural)
ruchu (locative singular)
ruchach (locative plural)
ruchu (singular vocative)
ruchy (plural vocative)

(games) move (turn, act of taking action in a game)


strzoda

strzodowy (adjective)
strzoda (nominative singular)
strzody (nominative plural)
strzody (genitive singular)
strzōd (genitive plural)
strzodōw (genitive plural)
strzodzie (dative singular)
strzodōm (dative plural)
strzoda (accusative singular)
strzody (accusative plural)
strzodōm (instrumental singular)
strzodami (instrumental plural)
strzodōma (instrumental plural)
strzodzie (locative singular)
strzodach (locative plural)
strzodo (singular vocative)
strzody (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish śrzoda. For the -t- compare Czech středa, Kashubian strzoda.


abecadło

Inherited from Old Polish obiecadło. By surface analysis, a b c + -dło.


achtel

szl-noun

achtel m inan (diminutive achtelek or achtelik)

achtelek (diminutive)
achtelik (diminutive)

korzec; barrel (dry measure of 125 liters)

one-eighth of a hectolitre or of a hundredweight of something, typically a barrel

(archaic) achtel (German measure of capacity)


nogawica

Inherited from Old Polish nogawica, from Proto-Slavic *nogavica. By surface analysis, noga + -awica.

leg (part of garment that covers the leg)


kuchnia

kuchnia f (diminutive kuchynka, related adjective kuchynny)

kuchynka (diminutive)
kuchynny (adjective)
kuchnia (nominative singular)
kuchnie (nominative plural)
kuchnie (genitive singular)
kuchniōw (genitive plural)
kuchni (dative singular)
kuchnie (dative plural)
kuchniã (accusative singular)
kuchnie (accusative plural)
kuchniōm (instrumental singular)
kuchniami (instrumental plural)
kuchniōma (instrumental plural)
kuchni (locative singular)
kuchniach (locative plural)
kuchnio (singular vocative)
kuchnie (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti
Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō
Latin coquō
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Italic *-os
Latin -us
Latin coquus
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos
Proto-Italic *-īnos
Latin -īnus
Latin coquīnus
Latin coquīna
Late Latin cocīnabor.
Proto-West Germanic *kukinā
Old High German chuhhinabor.
Old Polish kuchnia
Silesian kuchnia
Inherited from Old Polish kuchnia.

etymon

cuisine (characteristic style of preparing food)


walczyć

walczyć (infinitive)
walczã (present singular)
walczymy (plural present)
walczysz (present singular)
walczycie (plural present)
walczy (present singular third-person)
walczōm (plural present third-person)
walczōłch (masculine past singular)
walczōłech (masculine past singular)
walczōł żech (masculine past singular)
walczyłach (feminine past singular)
walczyła żech (feminine past singular)
walczyłoch (neuter past singular)
walczyło żech (neuter past singular)
walczylimy (past plural virile)
walczylichmy (past plural virile)
walczyłymy (nonvirile past plural)
walczyłychmy (nonvirile past plural)
walczōłś (masculine past singular)
walczōłeś (masculine past singular)
walczōł żeś (masculine past singular)
walczyłaś (feminine past singular)
walczyła żeś (feminine past singular)
walczyłoś (neuter past singular)
walczyło żeś (neuter past singular)
walczyliście (past plural virile)
walczyli żeście (past plural virile)
walczyłyście (nonvirile past plural)
walczyły żeście (nonvirile past plural)
walczōł (masculine past singular third-person)
walczyła (feminine past singular third-person)
walczyło (neuter past singular third-person)
walczyli (past plural third-person virile)
walczyły (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã walczōł (future masculine singular)
bydã walczyć (future masculine singular)
bydã walczyła (feminine future singular)
bydã walczyć (feminine future singular)
bydã walczyło (future neuter singular)
bydã walczyć (future neuter singular)
bydymy walczyli (future plural virile)
bydymy walczyć (future plural virile)
bydymy walczyły (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy walczyć (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz walczōł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz walczyć (future masculine singular)
bydziesz walczyła (feminine future singular)
bydziesz walczyć (feminine future singular)
bydziesz walczyło (future neuter singular)
bydziesz walczyć (future neuter singular)
bydziecie walczyli (future plural virile)
bydziecie walczyć (future plural virile)
bydziecie walczyły (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie walczyć (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie walczōł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie walczyć (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie walczyła (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie walczyć (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie walczyło (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie walczyć (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm walczyli (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm walczyć (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm walczyły (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm walczyć (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch walczōł (masculine singular)
bōłech walczōł (masculine singular)
bōł żech walczōł (masculine singular)
byłach walczyła (feminine singular)
była żech walczyła (feminine singular)
byłoch walczyło (neuter singular)
było żech walczyło (neuter singular)
byli my walczyli (plural virile)
bylichmy walczyli (plural virile)
były my walczyły (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy walczyły (nonvirile plural)
bōłś walczōł (masculine singular)
bōłeś walczōł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś walczōł (masculine singular)
byłaś walczyła (feminine singular)
była żeś walczyła (feminine singular)
byłoś walczyło (neuter singular)
było żeś walczyło (neuter singular)
byliście walczyli (plural virile)
byli żeście walczyli (plural virile)
byłyście walczyły (nonvirile plural)
były żeście walczyły (nonvirile plural)
bōł walczōł (masculine singular third-person)
była walczyła (feminine singular third-person)
było walczyło (neuter singular third-person)
były my walczyli (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy walczyli (plural third-person virile)
były walczyły (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych walczōł (conditional masculine singular)
bych walczyła (conditional feminine singular)
byście walczyli (conditional neuter singular)
by my walczyły (conditional plural virile)
bychmy walczyły (conditional plural virile)
byś walczōł (conditional masculine singular)
byś walczyła (conditional feminine singular)
byście walczyły (conditional plural virile)
by walczōł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by walczyła (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by walczyło (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by walczyli (conditional plural third-person virile)
by walczyły (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych walczã (imperative singular)
walczmy (imperative plural)
walcz (imperative singular)
walczcie (imperative plural)
niych walczy (imperative singular third-person)
niych walczōm (imperative plural third-person)
walczōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
walczōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
walczōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
walczōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
walczōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
walczōny (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
walczōnŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
walczōne (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
walczyni (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
walczōne (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
walczynie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish walczyć. By surface analysis, walka + -yć.

(intransitive) to fight (to be involved in a physical confrontation)


sprawa

Inherited from Old Polish sprawa. By surface analysis, deverbal from sprawić.
Cognates
East Slavic cognates include Belarusian спра́ва (správa), Russian спра́ва (správa), and Ukrainian спра́ва (správa).
South Slavic cognates include Serbo-Croatian sprȁva/спра̏ва and Macedonian справа (sprava).
Western Slavic cognates include Polish sprawa, Kashubian sprawa, Czech správa, and Slovak správa.

surf

SYNDZIA: Sprawa przeciwko Alojzemu Suchankowi, oskarżonemu o to, że będąc obywatelem polskim, […]

2019–2020, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, Pōnbōczkowi Świyczka, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2022-11-12, page 15:

JUDGE: The case against Alozja Suchanek, accused of being a Polish citizen, […]

+obj

(law) case (legal proceeding) [with przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom’]


gość

gość (nominative singular)
goście (nominative plural)
gościa (genitive singular)
gości (genitive plural)
gościowi (dative singular)
gościōm (dative plural)
gościa (accusative singular)
gości (accusative plural)
gościym (instrumental singular)
gościami (instrumental plural)
gościōma (instrumental plural)
gościu (locative singular)
gościach (locative plural)
gościu (singular vocative)
goście (plural vocative)

guest (recipient of hospitality, especially someone staying by invitation at the house of another)

guest (patron or customer in a hotel etc)


jedyny

jedyny (masculine nominative singular)
jedyne (neuter nominative singular)
jedynŏ (feminine nominative singular)
jedyni (nominative plural virile)
jedyne (nominative nonvirile plural)
jedynego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
jedynyj (feminine genitive singular)
jedynych (genitive plural)
jedynymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
jedynyj (dative feminine singular)
jedynym (dative plural)
jedynego (accusative animate masculine singular)
jedyne (accusative animate neuter singular)
jedynõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
jedynych (accusative animate plural virile)
jedyne (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
jedyny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
jedyne (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
jedynõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
jedynych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
jedyne (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
jedynym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
jedynōm (feminine instrumental singular)
jedynymi (instrumental plural)
jedynym (locative masculine neuter singular)
jedynyj (feminine locative singular)
jedynych (locative plural)
jedyny (masculine singular vocative)
jedyne (neuter singular vocative)
jedynŏ (feminine singular vocative)
jedyni (plural virile vocative)
jedyne (nonvirile plural vocative)


czoło

czoło (nominative singular)
czoła (nominative plural)
czoła (genitive singular)
czołōw (genitive plural)
czołu (dative singular)
czołōm (dative plural)
czoło (accusative singular)
czoła (accusative plural)
czołym (instrumental singular)
czołami (instrumental plural)
czołōma (instrumental plural)
czole (locative singular)
czołach (locative plural)
czoło (singular vocative)
czoła (plural vocative)


arcybiskup

szl-noun

arcybiskup m pers (related adjective arcybiskupski)

Inherited from Old Polish arcybiskup. By surface analysis, arcy- + biskup.


leluja

Borrowed from German Lilie. See English lily for more.


wojsko

wojskowy (adjective)
wojsko (nominative singular)
wojska (nominative plural)
wojska (genitive singular)
wojsk (genitive plural)
wojsku (dative singular)
wojskōm (dative plural)
wojsko (accusative singular)
wojska (accusative plural)
wojskym (instrumental singular)
wojskami (instrumental plural)
wojskōma (instrumental plural)
wojsku (locative singular)
wojskach (locative plural)
wojsko (singular vocative)
wojska (plural vocative)


wojna

wojna f (diminutive wojynka, related adjective wojynny)

wojynka (diminutive)
wojynny (adjective)
wojna (nominative singular)
wojny (nominative plural)
wojny (genitive singular)
wojn (genitive plural)
wojnie (dative singular)
wojnōm (dative plural)
wojnã (accusative singular)
wojny (accusative plural)
wojnōm (instrumental singular)
wojnami (instrumental plural)
wojnōma (instrumental plural)
wojnie (locative singular)
wojny (locative plural)
wojno (singular vocative)
wojnach (plural vocative)

(uncountable) war (organized, large-scale, armed conflict between countries or between national, ethnic, or other sizeable groups, usually but not always involving active engagement of military force)

(countable) war (particular conflict of this kind)


niski

szl-adj

niski (comparative niższy, superlative nojniższy, derived adverb nisko)

niższy (comparative)
nojniższy (superlative)
niski (masculine nominative singular)
niskie (neuter nominative singular)
niskŏ (feminine nominative singular)
niscy (nominative plural virile)
niskie (nominative nonvirile plural)
niskigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
niskij (feminine genitive singular)
niskich (genitive plural)
niskimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
niskij (dative feminine singular)
niskim (dative plural)
niskigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
niskie (accusative animate neuter singular)
niskõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
niskich (accusative animate plural virile)
niskie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
niski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
niskie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
niskõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
niskich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
niskie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
niskim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
niskōm (feminine instrumental singular)
niskimi (instrumental plural)
niskim (locative masculine neuter singular)
niskij (feminine locative singular)
niskich (locative plural)
niski (masculine singular vocative)
niskie (neuter singular vocative)
niskŏ (feminine singular vocative)
niscy (plural virile vocative)
niskie (nonvirile plural vocative)


całować

szl-verb

całować impf (perfective pocałować or ucałować)

pocałować (perfective)
ucałować (perfective)
całować (infinitive)
całujã (present singular)
całujymy (plural present)
całujesz (present singular)
całujecie (plural present)
całuje (present singular third-person)
całujōm (plural present third-person)
całowołch (masculine past singular)
całowołech (masculine past singular)
całowoł żech (masculine past singular)
całowałach (feminine past singular)
całowała żech (feminine past singular)
całowałoch (neuter past singular)
całowało żech (neuter past singular)
całowalimy (past plural virile)
całowalichmy (past plural virile)
całowałymy (nonvirile past plural)
całowałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
całowołś (masculine past singular)
całowołeś (masculine past singular)
całowoł żeś (masculine past singular)
całowałaś (feminine past singular)
całowała żeś (feminine past singular)
całowałoś (neuter past singular)
całowało żeś (neuter past singular)
całowaliście (past plural virile)
całowali żeście (past plural virile)
całowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
całowały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
całowoł (masculine past singular third-person)
całowała (feminine past singular third-person)
całowało (neuter past singular third-person)
całowali (past plural third-person virile)
całowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã całowoł (future masculine singular)
bydã całować (future masculine singular)
bydã całowała (feminine future singular)
bydã całować (feminine future singular)
bydã całowało (future neuter singular)
bydã całować (future neuter singular)
bydymy całowali (future plural virile)
bydymy całować (future plural virile)
bydymy całowały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy całować (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz całowoł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz całować (future masculine singular)
bydziesz całowała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz całować (feminine future singular)
bydziesz całowało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz całować (future neuter singular)
bydziecie całowali (future plural virile)
bydziecie całować (future plural virile)
bydziecie całowały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie całować (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie całowoł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie całować (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie całowała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie całować (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie całowało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie całować (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm całowali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm całować (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm całowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm całować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch całowoł (masculine singular)
bōłech całowoł (masculine singular)
bōł żech całowoł (masculine singular)
byłach całowała (feminine singular)
była żech całowała (feminine singular)
byłoch całowało (neuter singular)
było żech całowało (neuter singular)
byli my całowali (plural virile)
bylichmy całowali (plural virile)
były my całowały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy całowały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś całowoł (masculine singular)
bōłeś całowoł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś całowoł (masculine singular)
byłaś całowała (feminine singular)
była żeś całowała (feminine singular)
byłoś całowało (neuter singular)
było żeś całowało (neuter singular)
byliście całowali (plural virile)
byli żeście całowali (plural virile)
byłyście całowały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście całowały (nonvirile plural)
bōł całowoł (masculine singular third-person)
była całowała (feminine singular third-person)
było całowało (neuter singular third-person)
były my całowali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy całowali (plural third-person virile)
były całowały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych całowoł (conditional masculine singular)
bych całowała (conditional feminine singular)
byście całowali (conditional neuter singular)
by my całowały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy całowały (conditional plural virile)
byś całowoł (conditional masculine singular)
byś całowała (conditional feminine singular)
byście całowały (conditional plural virile)
by całowoł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by całowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by całowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by całowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by całowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych całujã (imperative singular)
całujmy (imperative plural)
całuj (imperative singular)
całujcie (imperative plural)
niych całuje (imperative singular third-person)
niych całujōm (imperative plural third-person)
całujōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
całujōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
całujōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
całujōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
całujōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
całowany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
całowanŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
całowane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
cał (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
całowane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
całowanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish całować. By surface analysis, cały + -ować.

(transitive) to kiss (to touch with the lips)

(reflexive with sie) to kiss each other (to touch each other’s lips)


choroba

choroba (nominative singular)
choroby (nominative plural)
choroby (genitive singular)
chorōb (genitive plural)
chorobie (dative singular)
chorobōm (dative plural)
chorobã (accusative singular)
choroby (accusative plural)
chorobōm (instrumental singular)
chorobami (instrumental plural)
chorobōma (instrumental plural)
chorobie (locative singular)
chorobach (locative plural)
chorobo (singular vocative)
choroby (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish choroba. By surface analysis, chory + -oba.

Coordinate term: zdrowie

(medicine) disease; sickness, illness (negative abnormal health condition)


nauka

nauka (nominative singular)
nauki (nominative plural)
nauki (genitive singular)
nauk (genitive plural)
nauce (dative singular)
naukōm (dative plural)
naukã (accusative singular)
nauki (accusative plural)
naukōm (instrumental singular)
naukami (instrumental plural)
naukōma (instrumental plural)
nauce (locative singular)
naukach (locative plural)
nauko (singular vocative)
nauki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć.


wzrost

(biology) growth (act of growing, getting bigger or higher)


dodać

Inherited from Old Polish dodać. By surface analysis, do- + dać.

(transitive, arithmetic) to add (to take the sum)


muzyka

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Musik or Polish muzyka, ultimately from Latin mūsica.


chować

chować (infinitive)
chowōm (present singular)
chowōmy (plural present)
chowŏsz (present singular)
chowŏcie (plural present)
chowŏ (present singular third-person)
chowajōm (plural present third-person)
chowołch (masculine past singular)
chowołech (masculine past singular)
chowoł żech (masculine past singular)
chowałach (feminine past singular)
chowała żech (feminine past singular)
chowałoch (neuter past singular)
chowało żech (neuter past singular)
chowalimy (past plural virile)
chowalichmy (past plural virile)
chowałymy (nonvirile past plural)
chowałychmy (nonvirile past plural)
chowołś (masculine past singular)
chowołeś (masculine past singular)
chowoł żeś (masculine past singular)
chowałaś (feminine past singular)
chowała żeś (feminine past singular)
chowałoś (neuter past singular)
chowało żeś (neuter past singular)
chowaliście (past plural virile)
chowali żeście (past plural virile)
chowałyście (nonvirile past plural)
chowały żeście (nonvirile past plural)
chowoł (masculine past singular third-person)
chowała (feminine past singular third-person)
chowało (neuter past singular third-person)
chowali (past plural third-person virile)
chowały (nonvirile past plural third-person)
bydã chowoł (future masculine singular)
bydã chować (future masculine singular)
bydã chowała (feminine future singular)
bydã chować (feminine future singular)
bydã chowało (future neuter singular)
bydã chować (future neuter singular)
bydymy chowali (future plural virile)
bydymy chować (future plural virile)
bydymy chowały (future nonvirile plural)
bydymy chować (future nonvirile plural)
bydziesz chowoł (future masculine singular)
bydziesz chować (future masculine singular)
bydziesz chowała (feminine future singular)
bydziesz chować (feminine future singular)
bydziesz chowało (future neuter singular)
bydziesz chować (future neuter singular)
bydziecie chowali (future plural virile)
bydziecie chować (future plural virile)
bydziecie chowały (future nonvirile plural)
bydziecie chować (future nonvirile plural)
bydzie chowoł (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie chować (future masculine singular third-person)
bydzie chowała (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie chować (feminine future singular third-person)
bydzie chowało (future neuter singular third-person)
bydzie chować (future neuter singular third-person)
bydōm chowali (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm chować (future plural third-person virile)
bydōm chowały (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bydōm chować (future nonvirile plural third-person)
bōłch chowoł (masculine singular)
bōłech chowoł (masculine singular)
bōł żech chowoł (masculine singular)
byłach chowała (feminine singular)
była żech chowała (feminine singular)
byłoch chowało (neuter singular)
było żech chowało (neuter singular)
byli my chowali (plural virile)
bylichmy chowali (plural virile)
były my chowały (nonvirile plural)
byłychmy chowały (nonvirile plural)
bōłś chowoł (masculine singular)
bōłeś chowoł (masculine singular)
bōł żeś chowoł (masculine singular)
byłaś chowała (feminine singular)
była żeś chowała (feminine singular)
byłoś chowało (neuter singular)
było żeś chowało (neuter singular)
byliście chowali (plural virile)
byli żeście chowali (plural virile)
byłyście chowały (nonvirile plural)
były żeście chowały (nonvirile plural)
bōł chowoł (masculine singular third-person)
była chowała (feminine singular third-person)
było chowało (neuter singular third-person)
były my chowali (plural third-person virile)
byłychmy chowali (plural third-person virile)
były chowały (nonvirile plural third-person)
bych chowoł (conditional masculine singular)
bych chowała (conditional feminine singular)
byście chowali (conditional neuter singular)
by my chowały (conditional plural virile)
bychmy chowały (conditional plural virile)
byś chowoł (conditional masculine singular)
byś chowała (conditional feminine singular)
byście chowały (conditional plural virile)
by chowoł (conditional masculine singular third-person)
by chowała (conditional feminine singular third-person)
by chowało (conditional neuter singular third-person)
by chowali (conditional plural third-person virile)
by chowały (conditional nonvirile plural third-person)
niych chowōm (imperative singular)
chowejmy (imperative plural)
chowej (imperative singular)
chowejcie (imperative plural)
niych chowŏ (imperative singular third-person)
niych chowajōm (imperative plural third-person)
chowajōncy (active adjectival masculine participle singular)
chowajōncŏ (active adjectival feminine participle singular)
chowajōnce (active adjectival neuter participle singular)
chowajōncy (active adjectival participle plural virile)
chowajōnce (active adjectival nonvirile participle plural)
chowany (adjectival masculine participle passive singular)
chowanŏ (adjectival feminine participle passive singular)
chowane (adjectival neuter participle passive singular)
chowani (adjectival participle passive plural virile)
chowane (adjectival nonvirile participle passive plural)
chowanie (noun-from-verb)

Inherited from Old Polish chować, from Proto-Slavic *xovati.

(transitive) to bury, to conduct a burial


gruba

Borrowed from German Grube. Compare Lesser Polish gruba.

(mining) mine (excavation in the earth for extracting coal or other minerals)


rezultat

Po miesiōncu pauzy sōm my nazŏd ze rezultatōma z gōrnoślōnskich szportplacōw.

2018 – 2023 September 11, Pejter Długosz, “Na gōrnoślōnskich szportplacach, 10.09.2023”, in Wachtyrz.eu, Kotórz Mały, Poland: Silesia Progress:


radiowy

szl-adj

radiowy (not comparable, no derived adverb)

radiowy (masculine nominative singular)
radiowe (neuter nominative singular)
radiowŏ (feminine nominative singular)
radiowi (nominative plural virile)
radiowe (nominative nonvirile plural)
radiowego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
radiowyj (feminine genitive singular)
radiowych (genitive plural)
radiowymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
radiowyj (dative feminine singular)
radiowym (dative plural)
radiowego (accusative animate masculine singular)
radiowe (accusative animate neuter singular)
radiowõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
radiowych (accusative animate plural virile)
radiowe (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
radiowy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
radiowe (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
radiowõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
radiowych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
radiowe (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
radiowym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
radiowōm (feminine instrumental singular)
radiowymi (instrumental plural)
radiowym (locative masculine neuter singular)
radiowyj (feminine locative singular)
radiowych (locative plural)
radiowy (masculine singular vocative)
radiowe (neuter singular vocative)
radiowŏ (feminine singular vocative)
radiowi (plural virile vocative)
radiowe (nonvirile plural vocative)

From radio + -owy. Compare Polish radiowy.

Po wojnie piyrsze radiowe wiadōmości w gŏdce ôd Sami szło posuchać ôd 1946 roku, ale cołkŏ kultura i ludzie byli durch ignorowani, a ôficjalnŏ polityka norwegizacyje była kōntynuowanŏ.

2018 – February 2, Grzegorz Kulik, “Sami”, in Wachtyrz.eu, Kotórz Mały, Poland: Silesia Progress:


powiedzieć

/pɔˈvjɛ.d͡ʑɛt͡ɕ/

(transitive) Alternative form of pedzieć


chodnik

Inherited from Old Polish chodnik. By surface analysis, chōd + -nik.


czuć

czuć (present)
czuło (past)
bydzie czuć (future)
było by czuć (conditional)
niych bydzie czuć (imperative)

(impersonal) to smell (to emit a particular smell, especially a bad one)


klasa

klasa (nominative singular)
klasy (nominative plural)
klasy (genitive singular)
klas (genitive plural)
klasie (dative singular)
klasōm (dative plural)
klasã (accusative singular)
klasy (accusative plural)
klasōm (instrumental singular)
klasami (instrumental plural)
klasōma (instrumental plural)
klasie (locative singular)
klasach (locative plural)
klaso (singular vocative)
klasy (plural vocative)

(education) grade, form (level of primary and secondary education)

class (category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation)


kosmiczny

kosmiczny (not comparable, derived adverb kosmicznie)

kosmiczny (masculine nominative singular)
kosmiczne (neuter nominative singular)
kosmicznŏ (feminine nominative singular)
kosmiczni (nominative plural virile)
kosmiczne (nominative nonvirile plural)
kosmicznego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
kosmicznyj (feminine genitive singular)
kosmicznych (genitive plural)
kosmicznymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
kosmicznyj (dative feminine singular)
kosmicznym (dative plural)
kosmicznego (accusative animate masculine singular)
kosmiczne (accusative animate neuter singular)
kosmicznõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
kosmicznych (accusative animate plural virile)
kosmiczne (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
kosmiczny (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
kosmiczne (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
kosmicznõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
kosmicznych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
kosmiczne (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
kosmicznym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
kosmicznōm (feminine instrumental singular)
kosmicznymi (instrumental plural)
kosmicznym (locative masculine neuter singular)
kosmicznyj (feminine locative singular)
kosmicznych (locative plural)
kosmiczny (masculine singular vocative)
kosmiczne (neuter singular vocative)
kosmicznŏ (feminine singular vocative)
kosmiczni (plural virile vocative)
kosmiczne (nonvirile plural vocative)

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German kosmisch or Polish kosmiczny, ultimately from Latin cosmicus + -ny.

(cosmology, relational) cosmic (of or from or pertaining to the cosmos or universe)

(cosmology, relational) space (used for spaceflight and space exploration)


apostel

Borrowed from German Apostel. Doublet of apostōł, a form inherited from Old Polish, from Old Czech.

(Christianity) apostle (missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church)

(humorous) zealot (overly religious person)


mamer

From the name of the oldest Roman prison Mamertine Prison (Latin Carcer Mamertinus).

(Cieszyn Silesia) jail, prison (place of long-term confinement for those convicted of serious crimes)


rolnik

Inherited from Old Polish rolnik. By surface analysis, rolŏ + -nik.

(agriculture) farmer (person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock)


rynek

ryneczek (diminutive)
rynek (nominative singular)
rynki (nominative plural)
rynku (genitive singular)
rynkōw (genitive plural)
rynkowi (dative singular)
rynkōm (dative plural)
rynek (accusative singular)
rynki (accusative plural)
rynkym (instrumental singular)
rynkami (instrumental plural)
rynkōma (instrumental plural)
rynku (locative singular)
rynkach (locative plural)
rynku (singular vocative)
rynki (plural vocative)

(trading) market, marketplace (open area in a town housing a public market)

(trading) market (formally organized system of trading in specified goods or effects)


brytyjski

brytyjski (not comparable, no derived adverb)

brytyjski (masculine nominative singular)
brytyjskie (neuter nominative singular)
brytyjskŏ (feminine nominative singular)
brytyj (nominative plural virile)
brytyjskie (nominative nonvirile plural)
brytyjskigo (genitive masculine neuter singular)
brytyjskij (feminine genitive singular)
brytyjskich (genitive plural)
brytyjskimu (dative masculine neuter singular)
brytyjskij (dative feminine singular)
brytyjskim (dative plural)
brytyjskigo (accusative animate masculine singular)
brytyjskie (accusative animate neuter singular)
brytyjskõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
brytyjskich (accusative animate plural virile)
brytyjskie (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
brytyjski (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
brytyjskie (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
brytyjskõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
brytyjskich (accusative inanimate plural virile)
brytyjskie (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
brytyjskim (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
brytyjskōm (feminine instrumental singular)
brytyjskimi (instrumental plural)
brytyjskim (locative masculine neuter singular)
brytyjskij (feminine locative singular)
brytyjskich (locative plural)
brytyjski (masculine singular vocative)
brytyjskie (neuter singular vocative)
brytyjskŏ (feminine singular vocative)
brytyj (plural virile vocative)
brytyjskie (nonvirile plural vocative)

From Brytania + -ski. Compare Polish brytyjski and Kashubian britijsczi.


rolnictwo

From rolnik + -ctwo. Compare Polish rolnictwo.


rolniczy

rolniczy (masculine nominative singular)
rolnicze (neuter nominative singular)
rolniczŏ (feminine nominative singular)
rolniczy (nominative plural virile)
rolnicze (nominative nonvirile plural)
rolniczego (genitive masculine neuter singular)
rolniczyj (feminine genitive singular)
rolniczych (genitive plural)
rolniczymu (dative masculine neuter singular)
rolniczyj (dative feminine singular)
rolniczym (dative plural)
rolniczego (accusative animate masculine singular)
rolnicze (accusative animate neuter singular)
rolniczõ (accusative animate feminine singular)
rolniczych (accusative animate plural virile)
rolnicze (accusative animate nonvirile plural)
rolniczy (accusative inanimate masculine singular)
rolnicze (accusative inanimate neuter singular)
rolniczõ (accusative feminine inanimate singular)
rolniczych (accusative inanimate plural virile)
rolnicze (accusative inanimate nonvirile plural)
rolniczym (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
rolniczōm (feminine instrumental singular)
rolniczymi (instrumental plural)
rolniczym (locative masculine neuter singular)
rolniczyj (feminine locative singular)
rolniczych (locative plural)
rolniczy (masculine singular vocative)
rolnicze (neuter singular vocative)
rolniczŏ (feminine singular vocative)
rolniczy (plural virile vocative)
rolnicze (nonvirile plural vocative)

From rolnik + -y. Compare Polish rolniczy.


termin

szl-noun

termin m inan (related adjective terminowy)

Borrowed from German Termin. Compare Polish termin.

term (time set aside to do something, defined as a certain period or as a specific day)


budowa

A jak tam na zalonym w Wiśle rozbiyrali łojcowizna dziadkowa, bo tyn zalyw goczałkowicki budowali, to cegły s tego, dachówka i bale wziyni my do budowy masztalni s tym małym chlywem.

2012, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, Bysuch s Reichu, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-12-01, page 82:

construction (act of building a physical construction)

Wy na tyj budowie niy poradzicie normalnie robić?

2014, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, Freedland, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-11-30, page 19:


kamrat

Czymu niy mogymy być kamratami?

2017, Charles Dickens, translated by Grzegorz Kulik, Godniŏ pieśń [A Christmas Carol], 1 edition, Opole: Silesia Progress, →ISBN, page 17:

colleague (partner in work, study, or some activity)


kandydat

kandydat m pers (female equivalent kandydatka)

Borrowed from German Kandidat. Compare Polish kandydat.

candidate (a person who is applying for a job)


damast

damast m inan (related adjective damastowy)

Borrowed from German Damast. Doublet of damaszek, a term inherited from Old Polish, from Ancient Greek. Compare Kashubian damast.

damask (an ornate silk fabric originating from Damascus)


polityka

polityka f (related adjective polityczny)

politics (methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement)


gunia

(Cieszyn Silesia, archaic) a woolen coat worn by Gorals


beczka

beczkōłka (diminutive)
beczka (nominative singular)
beczki (nominative plural)
beczki (genitive singular)
beczek (genitive plural)
beczkōw (genitive plural)
beczce (dative singular)
beczkōm (dative plural)
beczkã (accusative singular)
beczki (accusative plural)
beczkōm (instrumental singular)
beczkami (instrumental plural)
beczkōma (instrumental plural)
beczce (locative singular)
beczkach (locative plural)
beczko (singular vocative)
beczki (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-West Germanic *buttjābor.
Proto-Slavic *bъči
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
Proto-Slavic *-ъka
Proto-Slavic *bъčьka
Old Polish beczka
Silesian beczka
Inherited from Old Polish beczka.

etymon

barrel (round vessel made from staves bound with a hoop)


powstanie

Inherited from Old Polish powstanie. By surface analysis, powstać + -anie.

+obj

przeciw przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’

(countable, government, politics) uprising, rising, insurrection, rebellion [with przeciw or przeciwko (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’]


Francuz

szl-noun

Francuz m pers (female equivalent Francuzka)


bańka

bańka (nominative singular)
bańki (nominative plural)
bańki (genitive singular)
baniek (genitive plural)
bańce (dative singular)
bańkōm (dative plural)
bańkã (accusative singular)
bańki (accusative plural)
bańkōm (instrumental singular)
bańkami (instrumental plural)
bańkōma (instrumental plural)
bańce (locative singular)
bańkach (locative plural)
bańko (singular vocative)
bańki (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish bańka. By surface analysis, bania + -ka.

bauble (small spherical decoration put on Christmas tree)


larwa

Borrowed from German Larve. Compare Kashubian larwa.


Słowianin

Słowianin m pers (female equivalent Słowianka, related adjective słowiański)

Słowianka (feminine)
słowiański (adjective)

Unŏkwiylimy sie takigo dziwŏkigo Słowiana – Dziadoszana abo Lupiglaa – ze skrytyj, tajymnyj dziedziny, kiero ôstała sie bez te setki lŏt bez żŏdnego kōntaktu ze światym.

2018 – February 25, Rafał Szyma, “Rafał Szyma: Tajymnice ślōnskich lasōw”, in Wachtyrz.eu, Kotórz Mały, Poland: Silesia Progress:


metabolizm

metabolizm m inan (related adjective metaboliczny)

metabolic conversion
metabolic conversion

(physiology) metabolism, metabolic rate, metabolic conversion (chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life)


aksamit

aksamit m inan (related adjective aksamitowy or aksamitny)

aksamitowy (adjective)
aksamitny (adjective)

velvet (closely woven fabric with a thick short pile on one side)


pleca

pleca (nominative plural)
plecōw (genitive plural)
plecōm (dative plural)
pleca (accusative plural)
plecami (instrumental plural)
plecōma (instrumental plural)
plecach (locative plural)
pleca (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pleťè. Cognate with Kashubian plecë and Polish plecy.


rocznica

Possibly inherited from Old Polish rocznica. However, the word may have been reinnovated. By surface analysis, roczny + -ica.


becher

Borrowed from German Becher (“beaker”). Compare Kashubian becher.

I ledwo to wypedzioł, w lufcie ukozały sie dwa bechery z dobrom gorzołom.

2018, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, 9292, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2022-11-12, page 80:

goblet (drinking vessel with a foot and stem)

(sports) cup (trophy in the shape of an oversized cup)

(sports) cup (contest for which a cup is awarded)


dziedzina

dziedzina (nominative singular)
dziedziny (nominative plural)
dziedziny (genitive singular)
dziedzin (genitive plural)
dziedzinie (dative singular)
dziedzinōm (dative plural)
dziedzinã (accusative singular)
dziedziny (accusative plural)
dziedzinōm (instrumental singular)
dziedzinami (instrumental plural)
dziedzinōma (instrumental plural)
dziedzinie (locative singular)
dziedzinach (locative plural)
dziedzino (singular vocative)
dziedziny (plural vocative)

Inherited from Old Polish dziedzina. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Czech dídina. By surface analysis, dziŏd + -ina.


weker

wegwajzer (nominative singular)
wegwajzry (nominative plural)
wegwajzra (genitive singular)
wegwajzrōw (genitive plural)
wegwajzrowi (dative singular)
wegwajzrōm (dative plural)
wegwajzer (accusative singular)
wegwajzry (accusative plural)
wegwajzrym (instrumental singular)
wegwajzrami (instrumental plural)
wegwajzrze (locative singular)
wegwajzrach (locative plural)
wegwajzrze (singular vocative)
wegwajzry (plural vocative)


tubera

tubera (nominative singular)
tubery (nominative plural)
tubery (genitive singular)
tuberōw (genitive plural)
tuberze (dative singular)
tuberach (dative plural)
tubera (accusative singular)
tubery (accusative plural)
tuberōm (instrumental singular)
tuberami (instrumental plural)
tuberōma (instrumental plural)
tuberze (locative singular)
tuberach (locative plural)
tubero (singular vocative)
tubery (plural vocative)