Slovenia

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Australia

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Catania

Catania (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)

Catania (the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Catania, Sicily, Italy)


Ragusa

A former province, now Libero Consorzio in Sicily, Italy.


Italia

From Latin Italia via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).


Texas

Borrowed from English Texas, from Spanish Texas, Tejas.


Sicilia

From an earlier (now less prevalent) Sicìlia, from Latin Sicilia, from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía), from Σίκελος (Síkelos, “Sicel”), the name of the Sicel people.

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Grecia

[ˈɡr̺ɛː.ʃʲɑ̝]

[ˈɡr̺ɛː.ɕɑ̝]

Borrowed from Latin Graecia, from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Spagna

From Latin Hispānia, from a Phoenician or Punic root.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Londra

London (the capital of the United Kingdom; capital of England)


Ucrania

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Franza

→ English: Franza

→ Italian: Franza

→ Maltese: Franza

From Late Latin Francia. Compare Italian Francia.

Ah! indignu, dissi, di purtari lanza, ¶ Ad un miu paru tantu arditu, e forti, ¶ Chi nun cc’è paru paladinu in Franza!

c. 1786, Giovanni Meli, chapter I, in Don Chisciotti e Sanciu Panza, stanza 7:

Ah! unworthy, he said, to bring a spear to an equal of mine so brave and strong that there's no equal paladin in France!


Irlanda

Ireland (an island and country in Europe)


Bulgarìa

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Turchìa

Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Ripùbblica Ceca

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Lìbbanu

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Cità dû Vaticanu

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Montenegru

Montenegro (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Stati Uniti dâ Mèrica

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


Nova Jorca

New York City (a city in the United States)


Palermu

Conflation of Arabic بَلَرْم (balarm), ultimately from Latin Panormus, from Ancient Greek Πάνορμος (Pánormos), from πᾰν- (pan-, “all”) + ὅρμος (hórmos, “port”), apparently because of the good natural harbor.

Paljemmu

rising diphthongization and regressive assimilation

Palejmmu

ioticized /r/, triggering: falling diphthongization and regressive assimilation; dialectal

Palìajmmu

ioticized /r/, triggering: falling diphthongization, stressed vowel enlenghtening and regressive assimilation; dialectal

Palermo (the capital city of Sicily, Italy)

Palermo (a metropolitan city of Sicily, Italy)


Belgiu

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Azzirbaiggian

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe)


Brasili

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Burchina Fasu

Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Croazzia

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Eggittu

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Ripùbbrica Duminicana

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Concu

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo)

Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Bosnia-Erzegòvina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Alternative form of Bosnia-Erzegovina: Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Cairu

Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)


Cubba

Borrowed from Spanish Cuba, of disputed origin.

Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Bosnia-Erzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Mediu Urienti

(geopolitics) Alternative form of Mediu Orienti (“Middle East”)


Giurdania

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Palistina

Palestine (The region in Western Asia in the Middle East between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River)

Palestine (A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East; the State of Palestine; the homeland of the Palestinian people)

(historical, technical) Palestine (a British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 1)

(historical, technical, rare) Palestine (the British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan))


Mediu Orienti

(geopolitics) Middle East (a region of Asia and Africa, comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey))


Marchi

administrative region
administrative region

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Gibbilterra

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)


Sardigna

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Innia

Alternative form of Ìnnia: India (a country in South Asia)


Cipru

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Indunesia

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Parisi

→ Italian: Parisi

From Latin Parisii (“The Parisii, a Celtic tribe”).

bor

Paris (the capital and largest city of France).

(metonymically) The government of France.


Afganistàn

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


Filicudi

From Ancient Greek Φοινικώδης (Phoinikṓdēs), from φοῖνῐξ (phoînix, “purple or crimson, palm tree, date (the fruit of the date palm)”) + -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “full of, like”).
Previously also Phoenicūsa, from Ancient Greek Φοινικοῦσσα (Phoinikoûssa), from φοῖνῐξ (phoînix, “purple or crimson, palm tree, date (the fruit of the date palm)”) + -εσσᾰ (-essa, “full of, like”). Compare the latter desinence with Ancient Greek Πιθηκοῦσαι (Pithēkoûsai), Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai, “Syracuse”) and Ancient Greek Λοπαδοῦσσα (Lopadoûssa, “Lampedusa”).

cog

Filicudi (a small island of the Aeolian Islands, in the Tyrrhenian Sea in Sicily, Italy)


Alicudi

Dissimilation of an unattested Ancient Greek *Ἐρικώδης (*Erikṓdēs), supposedly derived from ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heath”) + -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “full of, like”). Compare Ancient Greek Φοινικώδης (Phoinikṓdēs, “Filicudi”).
In ancient times also known from Latin Ericūsa (or Ericussa), from Ancient Greek Ἐρικοῦσσα (Erikoûssa).
The proposed etymology from ἐρείκη (ereíkē) should have produced a long ī in the Latin borrowing transcription (*Erīcūsa), which makes the proposal not definitive. Compare Ancient Greek Ἔρυξ (Érux).
Compare, for more, also: Ancient Greek Φοινικοῦσσα (Phoinikoûssa, “Filicudi”), Πιθηκοῦσαι (Pithēkoûsai, “Pithecusa”), Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai, “Syracuse”) and Λοπαδοῦσσα (Lopadoûssa, “Lampedusa”).
Eventually compare also Italian Arcuri.

cog

Alicudi (a small island of the Aeolian Islands, in the Tyrrhenian Sea in Sicily, Italy)


Girmania

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Sciacca

→ English: Sciacca

→ Italian: Sciacca

Uncertain. Possibly from Arabic. Doublet of Xacca.

Sciacca (a city in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy)


Gènuva

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Siduni

From Latin Sīdōn, from Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn /Ṣīdūn/). Cognate with Arabic صَيْدُون (ṣaydūn), Aramaic ܨܝܕܘܢ (Ṣidon), Hebrew צִידוֹן (Ṣīḏōn).

Hebrew צִידוֹן (Ṣīḏōn)


Castigghia

[kɑ̝sˈt̪iɟ.ɟɑ̝]

From Medieval Latin Castella, from the plural of Latin castellum (“castle, fort, citadel”), diminutive of castrum (“fortress”), reportedly in reference to the central region of Hispānia as terra castellorum (“land of castles”). Compare French Castille, Italian Castiglia, Portuguese Castela, Spanish Castilla, English Castile.

der

(historical) Castile (a region of Spain)


Buscema

→ English: Buscema, Buscemi

→ Italian: Buscema, Buscemi

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو شَامَة (ʔabū šāma, literally “the one with the mole”). Doublet of Buxema.

bor+

أَبُو شَامَة

Buscemi (a small town on the Hyblaean Mountains, in Sicily, Italy)


Groenlannia

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


San Marinu

San Marino (a landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy)

San Marino (the capital city of San Marino)


Cutrona

→ English: Cutrona

→ Italian: Cutrona, Tutrone

From Vulgar Latin *Cōtrona, from the metathesis of the accusative of Ancient Greek Κρότων (Krótōn).


Lintini

→ Italian: Lentini

From older Liuntini, from Latin Leontīnī, from Ancient Greek Λεοντῖνοι (Leontînoi, literally “the leonines”).


Girgenti

→ English: Girgenti

→ Italian: Girgenti

From Vulgar Latin *(A)girgenti, apocoped methatesis of Agrigentum, from Ancient Greek Ἀκράγας (Akrágas). Compare for more Cilentu, Salentu, Tàrantu, Ugentu.

Agrigento (a province and city in Sicily, Italy)


Cìnisi

Borrowing from Arabic كَنِيسَة (kanīsa, “church”).

A town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Palermo, Sicily, Italy


Cala Muschi

→ Italian: Cala Mosche

From cala (“cove”) + muschi (“mosses”), from cala dî muschi.

(hydronym) A cove in Sicily, Italy, specifically placed inside the nature reserve of Vendicari.


Buxema

→ Medieval Latin: Buxema

desctree

→ Sicilian: Buscema
→ English: Buscema, Buscemi
→ Italian: Buscema, Buscemi

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو شَامَة (ʔabū šāma, literally “the one with the mole”), clipping of the extended form قَلْعَة أَبِي شَامَة (qalʕat ʔabī šāma, literally “castle of the one with the mole”). Doublet of Buscema. Compare, for a similar output from Siculo-Arabic, compare Nissa and Xibbetta.

bor+

أَبُو شَامَة

Buscemi (a small community on the Hyblaean Mountains, in Sicily, Italy)


Saragusa

→ Italian: Siragusa

From Latin Syrācūsae, from Ancient Greek Συράκουσαι (Surákousai). Possibly conflated phonetically with Old Spanish Saragoça. Compare Italian Siracusa.


U Còmisu

→ Italian: Comiso

Comiso (a city in the province of Ragusa, Sicily, Italy)


Mòdica

→ Italian: Modica

From Latin Motyca, borrowed from Ancient Greek Μοτύκα (Motúka), most likely from a pre-Hellenic and Siculian substrate.


Notu

→ Italian: Noto

→ English: Noto

Ultimately from Latin Nētum, from Ancient Greek Νέητον (Néēton).


Janiattini

→? Italian: Canicattini Bagni

Possibly from an earlier *Ganigattini. Borrowed from Arabic خَنْدَق الطِّينِ (ḵandaq aṭ-ṭīni, literally “moat of the mud”). Doublet of Sicilian Caniattì.

خَنْدَق الطِّينِ

Canicattini Bagni
Canicattini Bagni#English


Vuccirìa

From vuccirìa. Cognate to Catalan Boqueria.

A large historical market in Palermo, Sicily.


Ìnnia

From Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía).


calata di li maccarrunara

Discesa Maccheronai, the main street of the Vuccirìa market, in Palermo


Nissa

→ Medieval Latin: Nissa

Borrowed from Arabic النِسَاء (an-nisāʔ), clipping of the extended form Arabic قَلْعَة النِسَاء (qalʕa an-nisāʔ, “Fortress of the Women”). Compare, for a similar output from Siculo-Arabic, compare Buxema and Xibbetta.

bor

قَلْعَة النِسَاء

Caltanissetta (a city, in Sicily, Italy)


Muncibbeḍḍu

→ Italian: Mongibello

Blend of munti + Arabic جَبَل (jabal), both meaning “mountain” and hence an etymogical tautology. The ending has perhaps been influenced by munticeḍḍu (cf. Italian monticello).


Palazzolu

From Late Latin Palatiolum, from palatium (“a palace; large residence”) + -olum (diminutive suffix). By surface analysis, palazzu + -olu. Possibly related and/or inherited from a gallo-norman stratum. Cognate with Italian Palazzolo.

affix

A town in Syracuse, Sicily, Italy: Palazzolo Acreide.


Xibbetta

Sicilian: Scibbetta

→ Italian: Scibetta

Clipping of Calaxibbetta. Doublet of Scibbetta.


Calascibbetta

→ Italian: Calascibetta

Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa) and a non well attested element, namely said to be šabaṯ ("anice"). Doublet of Calaxibbetta.


Calaxibbetta

Sicilian: Calascibbetta

Italian: Calascibetta

Borrowed from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa) and a non well attested element, namely said to be šabaṯ ("anice"). Doublet of Calascibbetta.


Magunza

From Medieval Latin Maguntia, ultimately from Mogontiacum, possibly of Celtic origin. Cognate with Italian Magonza and Monza, Catalan Magùncia, German Mainz, French Mayence, Portuguese Mogúncia, Galician and Spanish Maguncia .

(historical) Caltanissetta (a city and province of Sicily, Italy)


Niculosi

→ Italian: Nicolosi

→ English: Nicolosi

Inherited from Late Latin Nicolosius (with loss of the ending -us, like other Sicilian proper name ending in -ius (“suffix forming a nomen gentilicium”)), from Latin Nīcolāus, from Ancient Greek Νικόλαος (Nikólaos). The toponym is related to the local Aetnaean cult of Santa Nicola â rina (“St. Nicholas of the sand”; mis-Italianized as San Nicolò l'Arena, with elision, through hypercorrection, of the originale preposition). Compare, for more, the doublet Niculaci and the proper name Nicola.