-čuga in Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology: First attested in the late 1970s. According to Babić, it has spread from the word cr̀nčuga (“nigger”) (originally formed as crnc- + -juga), which was reanalyzed by native speakers as if being composed of cȓn (“black”) + -čuga. The word cr̀nčuga was the most common pejorative in subtitled American films and television as shown on Yugoslav television stations, acting as a calque for the English word nigger. From there, the suffix became productive, forming new nouns with similar pejorative connotations. Head templates: {{sh-suffix}} -čuga (Cyrillic spelling -чуга) Inflection templates: {{sh-decl-noun|-čuga|-čuge|-čuge|-čuga / -čugi|-čugi|-čugama|-čugu|-čuge|-čugo|-čuge|-čugi|-čugama|-čugom|-čugama}} Forms: -чуга [Cyrillic], no-table-tags [table-tags], -čuga [nominative, singular], -čuge [nominative, plural], -čuge [genitive, singular], -čuga [genitive, plural], -čugi [genitive, plural], -čugi [dative, singular], -čugama [dative, plural], -čugu [accusative, singular], -čuge [accusative, plural], -čugo [singular, vocative], -čuge [plural, vocative], -čugi [locative, singular], -čugama [locative, plural], -čugom [instrumental, singular], -čugama [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the late 1970s. According to Babić, it has spread from the word cr̀nčuga (“nigger”) (originally formed as crnc- + -juga), which was reanalyzed by native speakers as if being composed of cȓn (“black”) + -čuga. The word cr̀nčuga was the most common pejorative in subtitled American films and television as shown on Yugoslav television stations, acting as a calque for the English word nigger. From there, the suffix became productive, forming new nouns with similar pejorative connotations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-чуга",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-čuga (Cyrillic spelling -чуга)",
      "name": "sh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-čuga",
        "10": "-čuge",
        "11": "-čugi",
        "12": "-čugama",
        "13": "-čugom",
        "14": "-čugama",
        "2": "-čuge",
        "3": "-čuge",
        "4": "-čuga / -čugi",
        "5": "-čugi",
        "6": "-čugama",
        "7": "-čugu",
        "8": "-čuge",
        "9": "-čugo"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "kȁmēn → kamenčuga"
        },
        {
          "text": "cȓn → cr̀nčuga"
        },
        {
          "text": "pȋvo → pivčuga"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix appended to nominal stems to a create a noun, usually an augmentative with pejorative connotations."
      ],
      "id": "en--čuga-sh-suffix-G9KBapfQ",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-čuga"
}

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{
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the late 1970s. According to Babić, it has spread from the word cr̀nčuga (“nigger”) (originally formed as crnc- + -juga), which was reanalyzed by native speakers as if being composed of cȓn (“black”) + -čuga. The word cr̀nčuga was the most common pejorative in subtitled American films and television as shown on Yugoslav television stations, acting as a calque for the English word nigger. From there, the suffix became productive, forming new nouns with similar pejorative connotations.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-чуга",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čuge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-čugama",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-čuga (Cyrillic spelling -чуга)",
      "name": "sh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-čuga",
        "10": "-čuge",
        "11": "-čugi",
        "12": "-čugama",
        "13": "-čugom",
        "14": "-čugama",
        "2": "-čuge",
        "3": "-čuge",
        "4": "-čuga / -čugi",
        "5": "-čugi",
        "6": "-čugama",
        "7": "-čugu",
        "8": "-čuge",
        "9": "-čugo"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
        "Serbo-Croatian suffixes"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "kȁmēn → kamenčuga"
        },
        {
          "text": "cȓn → cr̀nčuga"
        },
        {
          "text": "pȋvo → pivčuga"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix appended to nominal stems to a create a noun, usually an augmentative with pejorative connotations."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-čuga"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Serbo-Croatian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-čuga" meaning in Serbo-Croatian

Suffix