-san

From Old Irish -som (3rd person singular masculine/neuter; 3rd person plural).


-an

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish -án.

crùb (“dug”) + -an → crùban (“crouching”)

A masculine suffix used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something, often used for male given names.


-an

Originally the Old Irish accusative and vocative plural ending of n-stem nouns. For example Old Irish imbliu, vocative/accusative plural imblenna. Cognate with Irish -anna, Manx -yn.

clach (“stone”) + -an → clachan (“stones”)

Used to form regular nominatives plural of nouns.


-ta

'S leònta mo làmh.


-da

Mo leannan de mòran bhliadhnaichean, 's pòsda sinn mu dheireadh thall!

My sweetheart of many years, we are married at long last!


-t

iomair (“play, undertake, campaign”) + -t → iomairt (“playing, undertaking, campaign”)

geil (“graze”) + -t → geilt (“grazing”)

Suffix forming a verbal noun from verbs ending in -(a)il, or -(a)ir


-am

From Old Irish -imm. The spelling indicates that the m was broad before the loss of the broad/slender distinction in labial consonants; this pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, thugam etc. Compare the Ulster pronunciation of Irish -im (first-person singular present indicative and imperative) as /əmˠ/.

cog

first-person singular imperative ending of verbs


-ag

From Old Irish -óc, from Proto-Brythonic *-ọg, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos. Doublet of -ach.

slat (“stick, rod, twig, switch, wand”) + -ag → slatag (“violin bow, wand”)

bior (“prickle, thorn”) + -ag → biorag (“small thorn, small prickle”)

nighean (“daughter, girl”) + -ag → nìghneag (“little girl, daughterling”)
Often used for female given names.
Mòrag, Sìneag, Annag, Beathag

A feminine suffix used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something.


-adair

seinn ("sing") → seinne ("singing") + -adair → seinneadair ("singer")

cluich ("play", "performance") → cluiche ("playing", "performing") + -adair → cluicheadair ("player", "actor")

aoir ("lampoon", "satire") → aoire ("lampooning") + -adair → aoireadair ("satirist")

Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’

leugh ("read") + -adair → leughadair ("reader")

sgrìobh ("write") + -adair → sgrìobhadair ("writer")

Forming nouns from verbs with the sense of ‘person or thing which does’


-air

From Old Irish -aire, from Old French -aire, ultimately from Latin -ārium, the accusative of -ārius (“-er”, agent suffix).

clàrsach (“harp”) + -air → clàrsair (“harpist”)

iasg (“fish”) + -air → iasgair (“fisherman”)

facal (“word, phrase”) + -air → faclair (“dictionary, vocabulary”)

Samhain (“Halloween”) + -air → samhnair (“trick-or-treater”)

sgrubair


-ear

slànaich (“heal, cure”, verb) + -ear → slànaighear (“healer, savior”)

drùis (“lechery, licentiousness, lust”) + -ear → drùisear (“whoremonger, fornicator, lecher”)


-iche

From Old Irish -aige, from Proto-Celtic *sagiyos.


-ach

-aich (plural)
-aichean (plural)
-each (alternative)

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.

Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.


-each

Cuimreach, Spàinnteach, suaimhneach


geasachd

head

geasachd f (genitive singular geasachd, plural geasachdan)

geasachd (genitive singular)
geasachdan (plural)

enchantment, superstition, charm, fascination


-achd

From Old Irish -acht (compare Irish -acht, Manx -aght, Welsh -iaeth).

rìgh (“king”) + -achd → rìoghachd (“kingdom”)

Suffix forming a noun or verbal noun from an adjective or another noun

Crìostaidh (“Christian”) + -achd → Crìosdaidheachd (“Christianity”)

Gàidhealtachd (“Gaelic-speaking area, Gaeltacht”)

saor (“free”) + -achd → saorachd (“freedom”)

bàrd (“bard, poet”) + -achd → bàrdachd (“poetry”)

ealanta (“ingenious, expert, clever”) + -achd → ealantachd (“ingenuity, expertness, cleverness”)

milis (“sweet”) + -achd → mìlseachd (“sweetness”)

cothrom (“just, equitable”) + -achd → cothromachd (“equality”)


-mhor

From Old Irish -mar (compare Irish -mhar).

ceòl (“music”) → ceòlmhor (“musical”)

feòil (“flesh”) → feòlmhor (“sensual, erotic; carnal, lustful; fleshy, fat; brutish, bestial”)

iochd (“mercy, pity, compassion, grace”) → iochdmhor (“clement, compassionate, humane, merciful, kind”)

iùl (“knowledge”) → iùlmhor (“wise, learned, sagacious, sensible”)

sìol (“seed”) → sìolmhor (“prolific, fertile, generative, fruitful, abounding in seed”)

Forming adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of “full of what is denoted by the noun", similar to -ful in English


-te

-da (alternative)
-de (alternative)
-ta (alternative)

'S crìochnaichte an sgeul.

beum (“stress”) + -te → beumte (“stressed”)

blas (“taste”) + -te → blasta (“tasty”)

drabas (“filthiness of speech, smut”) + -te → drabasda (“obscene, ribald, smutty, dirty, indelicate”)

Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.


-ail

From Middle Irish -amail (compare Irish -úil, Manx -oil), from Old Irish -amail.

modh (“good manners, breeding, civility, courtesy”) → modhail
'S glè mhodhail sin dhe. ― That's very kind of him.

Of or pertaining to an adjectival suffix applied to various words, usually nouns, to make an adjective.


-eil

sìth (“peace”) + -eil → sìtheil (“peaceful”)


-sa

From Old Irish -sa (1st person singular) and Old Irish -su (2nd person singular).


-se

From Old Irish -si (3rd person singular feminine; 2nd person plural).


-adh

From Old Irish -ad, from the thematic vowel of the various verb stems + Proto-Celtic *-tus.


-adh

From Old Irish -ad, from the thematic vowel of the various verb stems + Proto-Celtic *-to.

Autonomous ending of verbs in the past indicative tense

Analytic ending of verbs in the conditional tense

Third-person singular ending of verbs in the imperative mood


-ich

-ich (stem)
-igh (noun-from-verb)
-ichte (participle past)
-ich mi (first-person independent past singular)
-ich thu (independent past second-person singular)
-ich e (independent past singular)
i (independent past singular)
-ich sinn (first-person independent past plural)
-ich sibh (independent past plural second-person)
-ich iad (independent past plural third-person)
-icheadh (impersonal independent past)
-ichidh mi (first-person future independent singular)
-ichidh tu (future independent second-person singular)
-ichidh e (future independent singular)
i (future independent singular)
-ichidh sinn (first-person future independent plural)
-ichidh sibh (future independent plural second-person)
-ichidh iad (future independent plural third-person)
-ichear-ichtear (future impersonal independent)
-ichinn (conditional first-person independent singular)
-icheadh tu (conditional independent second-person singular)
-icheadh e (conditional independent singular)
i (conditional independent singular)
-icheamaid-icheadh sinn (conditional first-person independent plural)
-icheadh sibh (conditional independent plural second-person)
-icheadh iad (conditional independent plural third-person)
cha do -ich mi (first-person negative past singular)
cha do -ich thu (negative past second-person singular)
cha do -ich e (negative past singular)
i (negative past singular)
cha do -ich sinn (first-person negative past plural)
cha do -ich sibh (negative past plural second-person)
cha do -ich iad (negative past plural third-person)
cha do -icheadh (impersonal negative past)
cha -ich mi (first-person future negative singular)
cha -ich thu (future negative second-person singular)
cha -ich e (future negative singular)
i (future negative singular)
cha -ich sinn (first-person future negative plural)
cha -ich sibh (future negative plural second-person)
cha -ich iad (future negative plural third-person)
cha -ichearcha -ichtear (future impersonal negative)
cha -ichinn (conditional first-person negative singular)
cha -icheadh tu (conditional negative second-person singular)
cha -icheadh e (conditional negative singular)
i (conditional negative singular)
cha -icheamaidcha -icheadh sinn (conditional first-person negative plural)
cha -icheadh sibh (conditional negative plural second-person)
cha -icheadh iad (conditional negative plural third-person)
cha -ichteadhcha -ichist¹cha -ichiste (conditional impersonal negative)
an do -ich mi? (first-person past singular)
an do -ich thu? (past second-person singular)
an do -ich e (past singular)
i? (past singular)
an do -ich sinn? (first-person past plural)
an do -ich sibh? (past plural second-person)
an do -ich iad? (past plural third-person)
an do -icheadh? (impersonal past)
an -ich mi? (first-person future singular)
an -ich thu? (future second-person singular)
an -ich e (future singular)
i? (future singular)
an -ich sinn? (first-person future plural)
an -ich sibh? (future plural second-person)
an -ich iad? (future plural third-person)
an -ichear?an -ichtear? (future impersonal)
an -ichinn? (conditional first-person singular)
an -icheadh tu? (conditional second-person singular)
an -icheadh e (conditional singular)
i? (conditional singular)
an -icheamaid?an -icheadh sinn? (conditional first-person plural)
an -icheadh sibh? (conditional plural second-person)
an -icheadh iad? (conditional plural third-person)
an -ichteadh?an -ichist?¹an -ichiste? (conditional impersonal)
nach do -ich mi? (first-person past singular)
nach do -ich thu? (past second-person singular)
nach do -ich e (past singular)
nach do -ich sinn? (first-person past plural)
nach do -ich sibh? (past plural second-person)
nach do -ich iad? (past plural third-person)
nach do -icheadh? (impersonal past)
nach -ich mi? (first-person future singular)
nach -ich thu? (future second-person singular)
nach -ich e (future singular)
nach -ich sinn? (first-person future plural)
nach -ich sibh? (future plural second-person)
nach -ich iad? (future plural third-person)
nach -ichear?nach -ichtear? (future impersonal)
nach -ichinn? (conditional first-person singular)
nach -icheadh tu? (conditional second-person singular)
nach -icheadh e (conditional singular)
nach -icheamaid?nach -icheadh sinn? (conditional first-person plural)
nach -icheadh sibh? (conditional plural second-person)
nach -icheadh iad? (conditional plural third-person)
-icheas mi (affirmative first-person singular)
ma -icheas mi (affirmative first-person singular)
-icheas thu (affirmative second-person singular)
ma -icheas thu (affirmative second-person singular)
-icheas e (affirmative singular)
ma -icheas e (affirmative singular)
i (affirmative singular)
-icheas sinn (affirmative first-person plural)
ma -icheas sinn (affirmative first-person plural)
-icheas sibh (affirmative plural second-person)
ma -icheas sibh (affirmative plural second-person)
-icheas iad (affirmative plural third-person)
ma -icheas iad (affirmative plural third-person)
-ichear (affirmative impersonal)
ma -ichear (affirmative impersonal)
-ich mi (first-person negative singular)
mur -ich mi (first-person negative singular)
-ich thu (negative second-person singular)
mur -ich thu (negative second-person singular)
-ich e (negative singular)
mur -ich e (negative singular)
i (negative singular)
-ich sinn (first-person negative plural)
mur -ich sinn (first-person negative plural)
-ich sibh (negative plural second-person)
mur -ich sibh (negative plural second-person)
-ich iad (negative plural third-person)
mur -ich iad (negative plural third-person)
-ichear -ichtear (impersonal negative)
-ichearmur -ichtear (impersonal negative)
murr -ichtear (impersonal negative)
murrmur -ichtear (impersonal negative)
-icheam (first-person imperative singular)
-ich (imperative second-person singular)
-icheadh e (imperative singular)
i (imperative singular)
-icheamaid (first-person imperative plural)
-ichibh (imperative plural second-person)
-icheadh iad (imperative plural third-person)
-ichear-ichtear (imperative impersonal)
-aich (alternative)

From Old Irish -igidir (whence also Irish -igh), originally a denominative verb formative, from Proto-Celtic *-sagyetor; compare Welsh -hau.

Suffix used to form verbs; semi-productive in Scottish Gaelic.


-aich

-aich (stem)
-ach (noun-from-verb)
-aichte (participle past)
-aich mi (first-person independent past singular)
-aich thu (independent past second-person singular)
-aich e (independent past singular)
i (independent past singular)
-aich sinn (first-person independent past plural)
-aich sibh (independent past plural second-person)
-aich iad (independent past plural third-person)
-aicheadh (impersonal independent past)
-aichidh mi (first-person future independent singular)
-aichidh tu (future independent second-person singular)
-aichidh e (future independent singular)
i (future independent singular)
-aichidh sinn (first-person future independent plural)
-aichidh sibh (future independent plural second-person)
-aichidh iad (future independent plural third-person)
-aichear-aichtear (future impersonal independent)
-aichinn (conditional first-person independent singular)
-aicheadh tu (conditional independent second-person singular)
-aicheadh e (conditional independent singular)
i (conditional independent singular)
-aicheamaid-aicheadh sinn (conditional first-person independent plural)
-aicheadh sibh (conditional independent plural second-person)
-aicheadh iad (conditional independent plural third-person)
cha do -aich mi (first-person negative past singular)
cha do -aich thu (negative past second-person singular)
cha do -aich e (negative past singular)
i (negative past singular)
cha do -aich sinn (first-person negative past plural)
cha do -aich sibh (negative past plural second-person)
cha do -aich iad (negative past plural third-person)
cha do -aicheadh (impersonal negative past)
cha -aich mi (first-person future negative singular)
cha -aich thu (future negative second-person singular)
cha -aich e (future negative singular)
i (future negative singular)
cha -aich sinn (first-person future negative plural)
cha -aich sibh (future negative plural second-person)
cha -aich iad (future negative plural third-person)
cha -aichearcha -aichtear (future impersonal negative)
cha -aichinn (conditional first-person negative singular)
cha -aicheadh tu (conditional negative second-person singular)
cha -aicheadh e (conditional negative singular)
i (conditional negative singular)
cha -aicheamaidcha -aicheadh sinn (conditional first-person negative plural)
cha -aicheadh sibh (conditional negative plural second-person)
cha -aicheadh iad (conditional negative plural third-person)
an do -aich mi? (first-person past singular)
an do -aich thu? (past second-person singular)
an do -aich e (past singular)
i? (past singular)
an do -aich sinn? (first-person past plural)
an do -aich sibh? (past plural second-person)
an do -aich iad? (past plural third-person)
an do -aicheadh? (impersonal past)
an -aich mi? (first-person future singular)
an -aich thu? (future second-person singular)
an -aich e (future singular)
i? (future singular)
an -aich sinn? (first-person future plural)
an -aich sibh? (future plural second-person)
an -aich iad? (future plural third-person)
an -aichear?an -aichtear? (future impersonal)
an -aichinn? (conditional first-person singular)
an -aicheadh tu? (conditional second-person singular)
an -aicheadh e (conditional singular)
i? (conditional singular)
an -aicheamaid?an -aicheadh sinn? (conditional first-person plural)
an -aicheadh sibh? (conditional plural second-person)
an -aicheadh iad? (conditional plural third-person)
nach do -aich mi? (first-person past singular)
nach do -aich thu? (past second-person singular)
nach do -aich e (past singular)
nach do -aich sinn? (first-person past plural)
nach do -aich sibh? (past plural second-person)
nach do -aich iad? (past plural third-person)
nach do -aicheadh? (impersonal past)
nach -aich mi? (first-person future singular)
nach -aich thu? (future second-person singular)
nach -aich e (future singular)
nach -aich sinn? (first-person future plural)
nach -aich sibh? (future plural second-person)
nach -aich iad? (future plural third-person)
nach -aichear?nach -aichtear? (future impersonal)
nach -aichinn? (conditional first-person singular)
nach -aicheadh tu? (conditional second-person singular)
nach -aicheadh e (conditional singular)
nach -aicheamaid?nach -aicheadh sinn? (conditional first-person plural)
nach -aicheadh sibh? (conditional plural second-person)
nach -aicheadh iad? (conditional plural third-person)
-aicheas mi (affirmative first-person singular)
ma -aicheas mi (affirmative first-person singular)
-aicheas thu (affirmative second-person singular)
ma -aicheas thu (affirmative second-person singular)
-aicheas e (affirmative singular)
ma -aicheas e (affirmative singular)
i (affirmative singular)
-aicheas sinn (affirmative first-person plural)
ma -aicheas sinn (affirmative first-person plural)
-aicheas sibh (affirmative plural second-person)
ma -aicheas sibh (affirmative plural second-person)
-aicheas iad (affirmative plural third-person)
ma -aicheas iad (affirmative plural third-person)
-aichear (affirmative impersonal)
ma -aichear (affirmative impersonal)
-aich mi (first-person negative singular)
mur -aich mi (first-person negative singular)
-aich thu (negative second-person singular)
mur -aich thu (negative second-person singular)
-aich e (negative singular)
mur -aich e (negative singular)
i (negative singular)
-aich sinn (first-person negative plural)
mur -aich sinn (first-person negative plural)
-aich sibh (negative plural second-person)
mur -aich sibh (negative plural second-person)
-aich iad (negative plural third-person)
mur -aich iad (negative plural third-person)
-aichear -aichtear (impersonal negative)
-aichearmur -aichtear (impersonal negative)
murr -aichtear (impersonal negative)
murrmur -aichtear (impersonal negative)
-aicheam (first-person imperative singular)
-aich (imperative second-person singular)
-aicheadh e (imperative singular)
i (imperative singular)
-aicheamaid (first-person imperative plural)
-aichibh (imperative plural second-person)
-aicheadh iad (imperative plural third-person)
-aichear-aichtear (imperative impersonal)
-ich (alternative)


-ibh

ionnsaich (“learn”) + -ibh → ionnsaichibh

bruidhinn (“speak”) + -ibh → bruidhnibh

gabh (“take”) + -ibh → gabhaibh


-amh

From Old Irish -em, -am, from Proto-Celtic *-īmā (whence Welsh -i).


-amh

From Old Irish -mad, from Proto-Celtic *-metos; compare Welsh -fed. Cognate with Irish -ú.

ochd (“eight”) + -amh → ochdamh (“eighth”)


-aig

bother + -aig → bodraig (“bother, make trouble with”)

deal + -aig → dèilig (“deal, transact”)

fail + -aig → fàillig (“fail, break down”)

clear + -aig → clìoraig (“clear”)

roll + -aig → rolaig (“roll”)

verbal ending, productively used to turn loanwords into Gaelic verbs


-aigeadh

use + -aigeadh → iùsaigeadh (“using”)

resign + -aigeadh → resignigeadh (“resigning”)

iarann + -aigeadh → iarnaigeadh (“ironing; laundry that has been ironed”)

noun ending, productively used to turn loanwords into Gaelic verbal nouns, as well as certain native words