i

From Old Irish sí. Cognates include Irish sí and Manx ee.

third-person feminine pronoun; she, her, it


air

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
# ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
# for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
# íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er.

third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it


sin

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish sin. Cognates include Irish sin and Manx shen.

Dè tha sin?


fear

Inherited from Old Irish fer, from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.


e

From Old Irish é. Cognates include Irish é and Manx eh.

third-person masculine pronoun; he, him, it


ga

Bha sinn ga thuigsinn.

Cha bhi mi ga tachairt.


tu

Form of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.


gar

Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh?


gad

Bruidhinn nas labhaire, chan eil mi gad chluinntinn ceart.


gam

Contraction of aig + mo (at my) or aig + am (at their)

A bheil thu gam chluinntinn?

Cha robh i gam faicinn.


mise

From Old Irish messe. Cognates include Irish mise and Manx mish.


sibh

From Old Irish sib. Cognates include Irish sibh and Manx shiu.

second-person plural/formal pronoun; ye, you


againn

agam (first-person singular)
agamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
agad (second-person singular)
agadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
aige (masculine singular third-person)
aigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Middle Irish ocainn, from Old Irish ocunn. Cognates include Irish againn and Manx ain.

Tha bàta againn.

We have a boat. (literally, “A boat is at us.”)


agaibh

From Old Irish occaib. Cognates include Irish agaibh and Manx eu.

A bheil piuthar agaibh?

Do you have a sister? (literally, “Is a sister at you?”)


aige

aigesan (emphatic)
agam (first-person singular)
agamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
agad (second-person singular)
agadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
aige (masculine singular third-person)
aigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Middle Irish aice, from Old Irish occo. Cognates include Irish aige and Manx echey.

Chan eil fhios aige.

He doesn't know. (literally, “Knowledge is not at him.”)

third-person singular masculine of aig at him; at it


agam

From Middle Irish ocum, from Old Irish ocum. Cognates include Irish agam and Manx aym.

Chan eil obair agam.

I don't have a job. (literally, “A job is not at me”)


sinn

From Old Irish sinni. Cognates include Irish sinn and Manx shin.

Thèid sinn dhan bhanca a-màireach; chì sibh sinn ann.

We’ll go to the bank tomorrow; you'll see us there.


ann

annsan (emphatic)
annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish and. Cognates include Irish ann and Manx ayn.

Chan eil coire sam bith ann.

Chan eil ann ach crochair.

He is but a rascal. (literally, “It is but a rascal that is in him.”)

third-person singular masculine of an; in him, in it


leat

leam (first-person singular)
leamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
leat (second-person singular)
leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
leis (masculine singular third-person)
leis-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish lat. Cognates include Irish leat and Manx lhiat.

second-person singular of le: with you; by you


gan

A bheil sibh gan creidsinn?


a

From Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.

Cuin a chluinneas tu e?

When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”)


seo

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish so. Cognates include Irish seo and Manx shoh.

Seo mo dhachaigh.


orm

orm (first-person singular)
ormsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
ortsa (emphatic second-person singular)
air (masculine singular third-person)
airsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

[ˈa˧˥ˈɾam˦˥]

From Old Irish form. Cognates include Irish orm and Manx orrym.

Tha an t-acras mòr orm.

I am very hungry. (literally, “The hunger is great on me.”)


ort

From Old Irish fort. Cognates include Irish ort and Manx ort.


thu

From Old Irish tú. Cognates include Irish tú and Manx oo.

Ciamar a tha thu, a Dhànaidh?

second-person singular informal pronoun; thou, you


umpa

umam (first-person singular)
umamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
umad (second-person singular)
umadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
uime (masculine singular third-person)
uimesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish impu. Cognates include Irish umpu and Manx moo.


ris

ris-san (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

A bheil Alasdair coltach ris?

Tha mi a' dèanamh fiughair ris.

third-person singular masculine of ri: to him, to it, with him, with it


dè

Clipping of ciod è (older caidhe, caide, goidé) from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of?, of what kind is?”), synchronically analyzable as ciod + e, compare Irish caidé.

der

Dè tha thu ag iarraidh?

What do you want? (literally, “What are you at wanting?”)

Chan eil cuimhn' aice dè thuirt e.


dhomh

dhomh (first-person singular)
dhòmhsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dhut (second-person singular)
dhutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dha (masculine singular third-person)
dhàsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish dom. Cognates include Irish dom and Manx dou.

Na innis dhomh sin.

An dèan thu sin dhomh?

first-person singular of do: to me, for me


aca

From Old Irish occaib. Cognates include Irish acu and Manx oc.

Chan eil na ticeadan aca.

They don't have the tickets. (literally, “The tickets are not at them.”)


aice

From Old Irish occi. Cognates include Irish aici and Manx eck.

Tha dà nighean aice.

She has two daughters. (literally, “Two daughters are at her.”)

third-person singular feminine of aig: at her


iad

From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.

Bha iad a' teagasg Seamus.


agad

agadsa (emphatic)
agam (first-person singular)
agamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
agad (second-person singular)
agadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
aige (masculine singular third-person)
aigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish ocut. Cognates include Irish agat and Manx ayd.

A bheil airgead gu leòr agad?

Do you have enough money? (literally, “Is enough money at you?”)


cò

From Old Irish cía, from Proto-Celtic *kʷei (compare Welsh pwy), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Cò e?

Cò i?

Cò e seo?

Cò às a tha thu?

Cò am bad às a tha thu?

Cò às a thug thu an t-iomradh?

In conjunction with the preposition à: where ... from

Cò ris a tha e coltach?

Cò dheth a tha e air a dhèanamh?

In conjunction with the prepositions ri or de: what

Cò leis a tha thu a' toirt na clòimhe dhan a' chaoraich?

With what do you take the wool off the sheep?

In conjunction with the prepositions le: with what


asta

asam (first-person singular)
asamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
asad (second-person singular)
asadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
às (masculine singular third-person)
às-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Middle Irish asta. Cognate with Irish astu and Manx assdaue.


rinne

From Old Irish frinni. By surface analysis, rinn + -ne

first-person plural emphatic of ri: with us


leis

leis-san (emphatic)
leam (first-person singular)
leamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
leat (second-person singular)
leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
leis (masculine singular third-person)
leis-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish leiss. Cognates include Irish leis and Manx lesh.

third-person singular masculine of le: with him; by him


siud

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish siút. Cognates include Irish siúd and Manx shid.


gur

Nach eil mi gur tuigsinn?

you (plural or formal singular, direct object)


esan

From Old Irish ésom. Cognates include Irish eisean and Manx eshyn.


leatha

From Old Irish lee. Cognates include Irish léi and Manx lhee.

third-person singular feminine of le: with her; by her


orra

orm (first-person singular)
ormsa (emphatic first-person singular)
ort (second-person singular)
ortsa (emphatic second-person singular)
air (masculine singular third-person)
airsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
orra
n-orra

From Old Irish forru. Cognates include Irish orthu and Manx orroo.


asad

From Old Irish essiut. Cognates include Irish asat and Manx assyd.


tusa

(emphatic) Form of thusa (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.


thusa

By surface analysis, thu + -sa. From Old Irish tussu. Cognates include Irish tusa and Manx tuss.


dheth

dhìom (first-person singular)
dhìomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dhìot (second-person singular)
dhìotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dheth (masculine singular third-person)
dhethsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish de. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.

Gheibh mi a' chuid as fheàrr dheth.

third-person singular masculine of de: of him, of it


fhìn

(Lewis, Benbecula, South Uist, Skye) first-person of fhèin


leamsa

Is leamsa an cù.

The dog is mine. (literally The dog is with me.)


aicese

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish aicise and Manx ecksh.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of aig


aigesan

/ˈakʲəs̪ən̪/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish aigesean and Manx echeysyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of aig


agadsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish agatsa and Manx ayds.


acasan

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish acusan and Manx ocsyn.


againne

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish againne and Manx ainyn.


agaibhse

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish agaibhse and Manx euish.


agamsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish agamsa and Manx ayms.

Sin am bàta agamsa.

That is my boat. (literally, “That is the boat at me.”)


dhinn

From Old Irish dínn. Cognates include Irish dínn and Manx jin.


dhibh

From Old Irish díb. Cognates include Irish díbh and Manx jiu.


dhiubh

From Old Irish diib. Cognates include Irish díobh and Manx jeu.


sibhse

From Old Irish sibsi. Cognates include Irish sibhse and Manx shiuish.

(emphatic) you, ye (polite and/or plural)


iadsan

/ˈiə̯t̪s̪ən̪ˠ/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish iadsan and Manx adsyn.


dhith

From Old Irish dí. Cognates include Irish di and Manx j'ee.

third-person singular feminine of de: of her, of it


leam

From Old Irish lem. Cognates include Irish liom and Manx lhiam.

Is toil leam Glaschu.

I like Glasgow. (literally, “Is pleasure with me Glasgow.”)

first-person singular of le: with me; by me


leibh

leibhse (emphatic)
leam (first-person singular)
leamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
leat (second-person singular)
leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
leis (masculine singular third-person)
leis-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish lib. Cognates include Irish libh and Manx lhiu.

second-person plural of le: with you; by you (plural and formal singular)


leinn

From Old Irish leinn. Cognates include Irish linn and Manx lhien.

first-person plural of le: with us; by us


ise

From Old Irish sisi. Cognates include Irish ise and Manx ish.


leotha

leothasan (emphatic)
leam (first-person singular)
leamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
leat (second-person singular)
leatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
leis (masculine singular third-person)
leis-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

third-person plural feminine of le: with them; by them


leibhse

with you, by you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


leatsa

with you, by you (singular informal, emphatic)


oirre

[ˈɔɹ̝ʲhə~ˈɔjhə]

From Old Irish furi. Cognates include Irish uirthi and Manx urree.

third-person singular feminine of air: on her, on it


oirbh

From Old Irish fuirib. Cognates include Irish oraibh and Manx erriu.


oirnn

[ˈɤɾʲɪɲ~ˈɤʒɪɲ]

From Old Irish fornn. Cognates include Irish orainn and Manx orrin.


oirrese

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish uirthise and Manx urreeish.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of air: on her, on it


oirbhse

From Old Irish fuiribsi. Cognates include Irish oraibhse and Manx erriuish.

second-person plural emphatic of air: on you


oirnne

From Old Irish fornni. Cognates include Irish orainne and Manx orrinyn.

first-person plural emphatic of air: on us


airsan

From Old Irish foirsom. Cognates include Irish airsean and Manx ersyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of air: on him, on it


orrasan

From Old Irish forrusom. Cognates include Irish orthusan and Manx orroosyn.

third-person plural emphatic of air: on them


ormsa

From Old Irish formsa. Cognates include Irish ormsa and Manx orryms.

Tha mi cinnteach nach eil fhios agad dè an t-ainm a tha ormsa.

(literally, “I'm certain you don't know what name is on me.”)

I'm certain you don't know what my name is.

first-person singular emphatic of air: on me


ortsa

From Old Irish fortsu. Cognates include Irish ortsa and Manx orts.

second-person singular emphatic of air: on you


ruinn

Alternative spelling of rinn (“with us”)


riutha

riuthasan (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


rium

riumsa (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

A bheil iad ag èisteachd rium?

Bidh mo chù a' dol còmhla rium.

My dog will be going (together) with me.

first-person singular of ri: to me, with me


riut

riutsa (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Nach tuirt mi riut?

Thèid mi cuide riut don bhaile bheag ud thall.

I'll go with you to the village over there.

second-person singular of ri: to you, with you (informal singular)


rithe

rithese (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

third-person singular feminine of ri: with her, with it


riumsa

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Bha e a' bruidhinn riumsa.


bhuaipe

bhuaipese (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuainn

bhuainne (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuaithe

bhuaithesan (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuapa

bhuapasan (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


bhuam

bhuamsa (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Dh’fhaodadh gu bheil rudan air an cumail bhuam a chum mo mhaith.

Perhaps things are kept from me for my good.


bhuat

bhuatsa (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

second-person singular of bho: from you (informal singular)


bhuaibh

bhuaibhse (emphatic)
bhuam (first-person singular)
bhuamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
bhuat (second-person singular)
bhuatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
bhuaithe (masculine singular third-person)
bhuaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

second-person plural of bho: from you (plural or formal singular)


bhuamsa

Agus Nollaig Chridheil bhuamsa cuideachd!.


bhuaibhse

from you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


annainn

annainne (emphatic)
annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish indiunn. Cognates include Irish ionainn and Manx aynin.


annad

annadsa (emphatic)
annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

[ʊ̃n̪ˠn̪̊ˠt̪]

From Old Irish indiut. Cognates include Irish ionat and Manx aynyd.


annta

annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

/ˈɔ̃ʊ̃n̪ˠt̪(ə)/

/ˈʊ̃ũn̪ˠt̪(ə)/

From Old Irish intiu. Cognates include Irish iontu and Manx ayndoo.


annam

annamsa (emphatic)
annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish indium. Cognates include Irish ionam and Manx aynym.

'S e clò-bhualadair a tha annam.

I'm a printer. (literally, “It's a printer that is in me.”)

'S e Albannach a tha annam.

I'm Scottish. (literally, “It's a Scot that is in me.”)


annaibh

From Old Irish indib. Cognates include Irish ionaibh and Manx ayndiu.


innte

inntese (emphatic)
annam (first-person singular)
annamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
annad (second-person singular)
annadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ann (masculine singular third-person)
annsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish indi. Cognates include Irish inti and Manx aynjee.

'S e prògramair a th' innte.

She’s a programmer. (literally, “It is a programmer that is in her.”)

third-person singular feminine of an: in her, in it


annaibhse

From Old Irish indibsi. Cognates include Irish ionaibhse and Manx ayndiuish.

second-person plural emphatic of an: in you


annainne

From Old Irish indiunni. Cognates include Irish ionainne and Manx ayninyn.

first-person plural emphatic of an: in us


annadsa

From Old Irish indiutsu. Cognates include Irish ionatsa and Manx aynyds.

second-person singular emphatic of an: in you


annamsa

/ˈun̪ˠəms̪ə/

From Old Irish indiumsa. Cognates include Irish ionamsa and Manx aynyms.

'S e tidsear a tha annamsa.

I am a teacher. (literally, “It is a teacher that is in me.”)

first-person singular emphatic of an: in me


inntese

From Old Irish intesi. Cognates include Irish intise and Manx aynjeeish.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of an: in her, in it


annsan

From Old Irish andsom. Cognates include Irish annsan and Manx aynsyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of an: in him, in it


anntasan

From Old Irish indibsom. Cognates include Irish iontusan and Manx ayndoosyn.

third-person plural emphatic of an: in them


umad

umam (first-person singular)
umamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
umad (second-person singular)
umadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
uime (masculine singular third-person)
uimesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish immut. Cognates include Irish umat and Manx mood.

second-person singular of mu: about thee


umaibh

From Old Irish immib. Cognates include Irish umaibh and Manx miu.


uimpe

From Old Irish impe. Cognates include Irish uimpi and Manx moee.

third-person singular feminine of mu: about her


umam

From Old Irish immum. Cognates include Irish umam and Manx moom.

Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gun robh iad a' bruidhinn umam.


umainn

From Old Irish immunn. Cognates include Irish umainn and Manx mooin.


umpasan

/ˈumpʰəs̪ən̪ˠ/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish umpusan and Manx moosyn.

third-person plural emphatic of mu: about them


umadsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish umatsa and Manx moods.

second-person singular emphatic of mu: about thee


uimesan

/ˈiməs̪ən̪ˠ/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish uimesean and Manx myshyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of mu: about him


umainne

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish umainne and Manx mooinyn.

first-person plural emphatic of mu: about us


umaibhse

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish umaibhse and Manx miuish. Synchronically, umaibh + -se.

second-person plural emphatic of mu: about you


umamsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish umamsa and Manx mooms.

An robh iad a' bruidhinn umamsa?


uime

From Old Irish immi. Cognates include Irish uime.

third-person singular masculine of mu: about him


uimpese

/ˈɯi̯mpʰəʃə/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish uimpise and Manx moeeish.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of mu: about her


eadarainn

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish etron. Cognates include Irish eadrainn.

Tha sinn a' pàigheadh a' mhàil eadarainn.

first-person plural of eadar: between us


eadaraibh

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish etruib. Cognates include Irish eadraibh.

second-person plural of eadar: between you


eatarra

From Middle Irish [Term?], from Old Irish etarru. Cognates include Irish eatarthu.


fodham

fodham (first-person singular)
fodhamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
fodhad (second-person singular)
fodhadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
fodha (masculine singular third-person)
fodhasan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish foam. Cognate with Irish fúm and Manx foym.

Bha an rathad fodham a-nis.


fodhaibh

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish fúibh and Manx feue.


fodhad

From Old Irish fout. Cognate with Irish fút and Manx foyd.


fodhainn

From Old Irish founn. Cognate with Irish fúinn and Manx foin.


fodha

From Old Irish fóu. Cognates include Irish faoi and Manx fo.

third-person singular masculine of fo: under him, under it


fodhamsa

Bha fear eile na sheasamh fodhamsa.


fodhadsa

under you, below you (informal singular, emphatic)


fodhaibhse

under you, below you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


tharadsa

beyond you (informal singular, emphatic)


tharam

Chuir mi am fèileadh tharam.

tha an sruth a' dol tharam


tharaibhse

over you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)

beyond you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


tharamsa

Tha an ceist sin tharamsa.


às

asam (first-person singular)
asamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
asad (second-person singular)
asadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
às (masculine singular third-person)
às-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish as. Cognate with Irish as and Manx ass.

third-person singular masculine of à: from him, from it


dhinne

dhìom (first-person singular)
dhìomsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dhìot (second-person singular)
dhìotsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dheth (masculine singular third-person)
dhethsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish dinni. Cognates include Irish dínne and Manx jinyn.

first-person plural emphatic of de: of us


dhibhse

From Old Irish díbsi. Cognates include Irish díbhse and Manx jiuish.

second-person plural emphatic of de: of you


dhiubhsan

From Old Irish diibsom. Cognates include Irish díobhsan and Manx jeusyn.

third-person plural emphatic of de: of them


dhithse

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish dise and Manx j'eeish.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of de: of her, of it


dhethsan

From Old Irish desom. Cognates include Irish desean and Manx jehsyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of de: of him, of it


uaipe

uam (first-person singular)
uamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
uat (second-person singular)
uatsa (emphatic second-person singular)
uaithe (masculine singular third-person)
uaithesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish úaidi. Cognates include Irish uaithi and Manx voee.

third-person singular feminine of o: from her, from it


uapa

From Old Irish úadib. Cognates include Irish uathu and Manx voue.


uam

From Old Irish úaim. Cognates include Irish uaim and Manx voym.

Gheibh thu litir uam.


uaithe

From Old Irish úaid. Cognates include Irish uaidh and Manx voish.

third-person singular masculine of o: from him, from it


uainn

From Old Irish úainn. Cognates include Irish uainn and Manx voin.


uat

From Old Irish úait. Cognates include Irish uait and Manx voyd.


uatsa

From Old Irish úaitsu. Cognates include Irish uaitse and Manx voyds.

second-person singular emphatic of o: from you


uapasan

From Old Irish úaidibisom. Cognates include Irish uathusan and Manx vouesyn.

third-person plural emphatic of o: from them


uaibh

From Middle Irish úadib, from Old Irish úaib. Cognates include Irish uaibh and Manx veue.


uaipese

From Old Irish úaidisi. Cognates include Irish uaithise and Manx voeeish.

third-person singular feminine of o: from her


uaithesan

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish uaidhsean and Manx voishyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of o: from him, from it


uamsa

From Old Irish úaimse. Cognates include Irish uaimse and Manx voyms.

An gabh thu sin uamsa?

first-person singular emphatic of o: from me


uainne

From Old Irish úanni. Cognates include Irish uainne and Manx voinyn.

first-person plural emphatic of o: from us


uaibhse

From Old Irish úaibsi. Cognates include Irish uaibhse and Manx veueish.

second-person plural emphatic of o: from you


às-san

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish as-san and Manx assyn.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of à: from him, from it


aistese

/ˈaʃtʲɪʃ(ə)/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish aistise and Manx assjeeish.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of à: from her


astasan

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish astusan and Manx assdauesyn.

third-person plural emphatic of à: from them


asaibhse

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asaibhse and Manx assdiuish.

second-person plural emphatic of à: from you


asadsa

/ˈas̪ət̪s̪ə/

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asatsa and Manx assyds.

second-person singular emphatic of à: from you


asamsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asamsa and Manx assyms.

Cha chuala e sin asamsa co-dhiù.

first-person singular emphatic of à: from me


asainne

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asainne and Manx assdooinyn.

first-person plural emphatic of à: from us


asainn

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asainn and Manx assdooin.


asaibh

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognate with Irish asaibh and Manx assdiu.


aiste

asam (first-person singular)
asamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
asad (second-person singular)
asadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
às (masculine singular third-person)
às-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)
aiste
n-aiste

From Middle Irish eiste, from Old Irish essi. Cognates include Irish aisti and Manx assjee.

third-person singular feminine of à: from her, from it


asam

From Old Irish asum. Cognates include Irish asam and Manx assym.

Cha d' fhuair iad freagairt asam.


tromham

Gheibh iad a-mach tromham, ma-thà.


tromhadsa

through you (informal singular, emphatic)


tromhaibhse

through you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


tromhamsa

Cha deach gaoir sam bith tromhamsa.

I felt no pain. (literally No pain went through me.)


rinn

rinne (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


romhadsa

before you (informal singular, emphatic)


romhaibhse

before you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


romhamsa

/ˈɾɔ̃.əms̪ə/

A bheil thusa romhamsa?


romham

From Middle Irish remum, róm, rium, from Old Irish reum.

Choisich mi romham.


roimhe

From Middle Irish reme, remi, roime, replacing earlier ríam, from Old Irish rïam.

third-person singular masculine of ro: before him/it


dhaibhsan

dhomh (first-person singular)
dhòmhsa (emphatic first-person singular)
dhut (second-person singular)
dhutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
dha (masculine singular third-person)
dhàsan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

From Old Irish doibsom. Cognates include Irish dóibhsean.

third-person plural emphatic of do: to them, for them


dhuibhse

From Old Irish dúibsi. Cognates include Irish daoibhse.

second-person plural emphatic of do: to you, for you


dhaibh

From Old Irish doib. Cognates include Irish dóibh.


duinne

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


dhutsa

From Old Irish duitse. Cognates include Irish duitse.

second-person singular emphatic of do: to thee, for thee


dhuinne

From Old Irish dúnni. Cognates include Irish dúinne.

first-person plural emphatic of do: to us, for us


dhuinn

From Old Irish dúnn. Cognates include Irish dúinn.

first-person plural of do: to us, for us


dhuibh

From Old Irish dúib. Cognates include Irish daoibh.

second-person plural of do: to you, for you


dha

From Old Irish dó. Cognates include Irish dó.

third-person singular masculine of do: to him, for him


dhi

From Old Irish dí. Cognates include Irish di.

third-person singular feminine of do: to her, for her


dhut

From Old Irish duit. Cognates include Irish duit.

second-person singular of do: to thee, for thee


gu leòr

tha gu leòr de dhaoine ann a-nis

gu leòr ri ithe


thugamsa

Thoir seo thugamsa!


thugaibhse

to you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


thugaibh

thugaibhse (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thuice

thuicese (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thuca

thucasan (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thugam

thugamsa (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

Cuir litir thugam, ma-thà.


thugad

thugadsa (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thugainn

thugainne (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


thuige

thuigesan (emphatic)
thugam (first-person singular)
thugamsa (emphatic first-person singular)
thugad (second-person singular)
thugadsa (emphatic second-person singular)
thuige (masculine singular third-person)
thuigesan (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


feadhainn

head

feadhainn f (genitive feadhna or feadhnach)

feadhna (genitive)
feadhnach (genitive)
feadhainn
fheadhainn

Easter Ross, East Inverness-shire, Mid Argyll

From Middle Irish fedan (“a band, company”), from Old Irish fedan (“carrying, the yoke”), verbal noun of feidid (“to bring, lead”).

Bha feadhainn anns an taigh cuideachd.


àiteigin

Chaill mi an àiteigin e.

I lost it somewhere. (literally, “in some place”)


badeigin

ann am badeigin air tìr-mòr

somewhere on the mainland (literally "in some place on the mainland")


tèile

another one; (with definite article) the other one

(colloquial, with definite article) herself, her indoors


eadh

From Old Irish ed (“it”). Ultimately akin to English it, Latin id, etc.


ciod

From Old Irish cid, from Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid. Compare with Latin quid and Irish cad.


dhìse

From Old Irish disi. Cognates include Irish dise.

third-person singular feminine emphatic of do: to her, for her


dhòmhsa

From Old Irish domsa. Cognates include Irish domsa.

Thoir càch dhòmhsa!

Cha dèan e seo dhòmhsa gu bràth!

first-person singular emphatic of do: to me, for me


dhìomsa

From Old Irish dímsa. Cognates include Irish díomsa and Manx jeems.

Agus 's iad seo dealbhan dhìomsa.

first-person plural emphatic of de: of me


dhàsan

/ˈɣaːs̪ən̪ˠ/

From Old Irish dosom. Cognates include Irish dósan.

third-person singular masculine emphatic of do; to him, for him


fòdhpa

From Old Irish foïb. Cognate with Irish fúthu and Manx foue.


fòidhpe

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish fúithi and Manx foee.

third-person singular feminine of fo: under her; under it


dhìom

From Old Irish dím. Cognates include Irish díom and Manx jeem.


dhìot

From Old Irish dít. Cognates include Irish díot and Manx jeed.


dhìotsa

From Old Irish [Term?]. Cognates include Irish díotsa and Manx jeeds.

second-person singular emphatic of de: of you


dè na

Dè na bha iad?


ribhse

rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)

with you (plural or formal singular, emphatic)


ribh

ribhse (emphatic)
rium (first-person singular)
riumsa (emphatic first-person singular)
riut (second-person singular)
riutsa (emphatic second-person singular)
ris (masculine singular third-person)
ris-san (emphatic masculine singular third-person)


gu dè

/ɡ̥ə ˈd̥ʒeː/

From ciod è (older caidhe, caide, goidé) from Old Irish cote (“what is the nature of?, of what kind is?”), synchronically analyzable as ciod + e, compare Irish caidé.

gu dè a chuir an seo thu?


àsan

Colloquial form of iadsan (“they, them (plural emphatic)”)


duine geal

na can guth air ri duine geal

(figurative, intensifier) anybody, anyone