o

From Middle English of, from Old English af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.


i

From Middle English i, variant of in (“in”).


again

From Middle English agayn, again, ayain, ayen, anȝen, from Old English āġēan, onġēan, onġeġn (“towards, against, opposite to, contrary to, against, in exchange for, opposite, back, again, anew, also”).

agayne (alternative)
agane (alternative)
agen (alternative)
ageen (alternative)
agin (alternative)
agyen (alternative)
agean (alternative Southern)

against, opposed to (literally or figuratively)


ben

A gaed ben the chaumer.

Come awah ben, hen.


against

Formed from Middle English ayenes, agenes, againes (“in opposition to”), a southern variant of agen. Equivalent to again + -s (“adverbial genitive”) + -t.


by

From Middle English by, from Old English bi, from Proto-West Germanic *bī. Cognates include English by and Yola bee.

bye (alternative)
bi' (alternative)
be (alternative)
b' (alternative)

Archie was auld by me.

1894, Robert Hunter, A Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant:


afore

From Middle English afore, aforn, from Old English onforan or ætforan; equivalent to a- + fore.


anent

From Middle English anent, anempt (“insofar as, inasmuch as, in comparison with, with respect to, as regards, concerning, in the opinion or judgment of; next to, close to, up to, near, adjoining, across from, over against, facing”), from Old English onemn (“by; near”); equivalent to modern in + even. Compare Dutch neven, German neben.

foreanent

over against, opposite to; on the opposite side

thareanent

the matter already mentioned, relating to what has been said above

in a line with, on a level with, alongside of

before the face of, in the presence of (of persons)

fronting, opposite, over against (of position)


wast

Inherited from Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognate to English west.

She wis walkin wast the road.


gin

gin night


affor

[I] know somwhat from other partyys that imagenys by som prewe conwoyanssis that is in demenyng be twyx France and Spaeyn that affor the monyth of Augost next comyng that ther salbe peace maede betwyx the Emperor and the Frenche Kyng.

1526-1534, John Hackett, as quoted in The Letters of Sir John Hackett (1971, West Virginia University Library)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

7 April 1565 William Chambers, Charters and Documents Relating to the Burgh of Peebles (1872, Scottish Burgh Records Society), page 299

The counsall ordanis the scuill master to provid ane doctur to tech the scuill, and ilk honest man that hes bairnis to gif the said doctur his meit about, and ordanis the said master to wait himself better on the bairnis nor he doid affor tyme as he will andssur to thame thairvpon.

... hagbuttares on horsbak com to this towne of Stryviling quhair all the nobilite vas assemblit, enterit vytin the towne affor any vytin knew of them.

17C, William R. Boyd, Calendar of the State Papers related to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547-1603

Item in Jun anno affor writyn, rassauit fra W. Hoper for fynans that my Lord maid wt hys fadir 500 ducatis.

1867, Ledger of Andrew Halyburton, Scotland: H. M. General Register House, page 214:


tae

From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō. Cognates include English to, too and West Frisian ta.

t' (alternative)
ta (alternative)
te (alternative)
teh (alternative)
ti (alternative)
tee (alternative)
'e (alternative)
teu (alternative)
toie (alternative)
tu (alternative)
tü (alternative)
tö (alternative)

Ah tried tae keep ma attention oan the Jean–Claude Van Damme video.

1993, Irvine Welsh, “Kicking”, in Trainspotting:

I tried to keep my attention on the Jean–Claude Van Damme video.


efter

From Middle English after, from Old English æfter, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar.


abies

E.D.D. suggests all-be-as, but see byes. The development of meaning in 3. seems a recent extension.


ootwi

Outside (mainly in abstract senses); beyond; outside of; outwith.


fae

Whaur are ye fae?


aff

From Middle English off, from Old English of, af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-West Germanic *ab.


affin

afen (alternative)
affen (alternative)
aff'n (alternative)


frae

fae (alternative Central-Scots Northern-Scots)

She's ta'en like a cout frae the heather, / Wi' sense and discretion to learn.

1822, Joanna Baillie, Song: Woo'd and Married and A':


throwe

(Southern Scots) through (note pronunciation)


abuin

From Middle English aboven, from Old English abūfan, onbufan.

abune (alternative)
abane (alternative)
abeen (alternative)
abine (alternative)
abin (alternative)
abeun (alternative)
abön (alternative)
aboon (alternative literary)

above, over, higher than, louder than, higher up

more than in number, quantity, or degree; over and above


doon

From Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from of dūne (“off the hill”).


aboot

From Middle English aboute, from Old English onbūtan.


ablow

a- + below, on analogy of above, afore, etc. See also aneth.

On the lower side or part of; lower down in; further down from.


unner

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-Germanic *under.


roond

From Middle English rounde, from Old French reont.


roon

And, when at last he put his airms roon my neck it is nae wonder I buried my face on his shouther and telt him I wud be his wife, and do a' in my power to mak' him happy.

1887, Henry Johnston, “Concluded”, in Martha Spreull, Being Chapters in the Life of a Single Wumman:


wi'

apologetic apostrophe
apologetic apostrophe

alternative spelling of wi, using an apologetic apostrophe


abune

Now deil-ma-care about their jaw, The senseless, gawky million; I'll cock my nose abune them a', I'm roos'd by Craigen-Gillan!

1780, Robert Burns, Poems And Songs Of Robert Burns:

In the forefront o' that castelle feir, Twa unicorns are bra' to see; There's the picture of a knight, and a ladye bright, And the grene hollin abune their brie.

1806, Walter Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish border (3rd ed) (1 of 3):

"Leeze me abune them a'," said one of the company, who had waxed warm in the discussion, "for yon auld clear-headed (bald) man, that said, 'Raphael sings an' Gabriel strikes his goolden harp, an' a' the angels clap their wings wi' joy.'

1874, Edward Bannerman Ramsay, Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character:

There was a nesty plook cam' oot juist abune his lug on Setarday, an' he cudna get on his lum hat; so he had to bide at hame a' Sabbath, an' he spent the feck o' the day i' the hoose readin' Tammas Boston's "Power-fold State" an' the "Pilgrim's Progress."


intil

From Northern Middle English intil, intill, intille, in tille, in tel, in til, in till, from in + til.

intill (alternative)
intyll (alternative)
in tyll (alternative)
in til (alternative)
in till (alternative)


forby

Inherited from Middle English forby, forbi.


forbye

‘they ca' it fasting when they hae the best o' sea-fish frae Hartlepool and Sunderland by land carriage, forbye trouts, grilses, salmon, and a' the lave o't, and so they make their very fasting a kind of luxury and abomination [...].’


ahint

ahin (alternative)
ahin' (alternative)
ahind (alternative)
ahent (alternative)
ahaint (alternative Orkney)


abreist

From Middle English abrest, equivalent to a- + breist.


foreanent

fore + anent (“fronting, opposite, over against”)


fornent

Used in a singular sense, in relation to marriage: to.


ewest

From a Middle English Scottish dialectal alteration of anewest, from Old English on nēawiste ("in the neighbourhood").


amang

From Middle English among, from Old English onġemang.


hereanent

here + anent (“fronting, opposite, over against”)


ablo

Thay haird the soun o monie roch vyces doun ablo thaim.

They heard the sound of many rough voices down below them.


abufe

From Middle English above, aboven, abuven, from Old English ābufan, onbufan, from a (“on”) + bufan (“over”).


aback o'

aback o (alternative)
aback of (alternative)
A-back o' (alternative)


adist

athist (alternative)
athis'd (alternative)
a-thist (alternative)
a'taist (alternative)


adoon

From Middle English adoun, from Old English adūn, equivalent to a- + doon.