See dream in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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"4": "to dream"
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"4": "to dream, muse"
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).\nThe sense of \"dream\", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.\nCognate with English dream, Saterland Frisian Droom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Limburgish Droum (“dream”), Luxembourgish Dram (“dream”), Yiddish טרוים (troym, “dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Faroese dreymur (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk draum (“dream”), Swedish dröm (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).\nmore details\nThe derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.\nAttested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).\nThe verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”), Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”), Faroese droyma (“to dream”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk drømma, drømme, drøyma, drøyme (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”).",
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"english": "As he was thinking about these things, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary to be your wife, for she is pregnant by the Holy Spirit.",
"ref": "1904, “Matthew, I”, in William Wye Smith, transl., The New Testament in Braid Scots, Paisley: Alexander Gardner, page 1:",
"text": "But as he had thir things in his mind, see ! an Angel o’ the Lord appearit till him by a dream, sayin, “Joseph, son o’ Dauvid, binna feared to tak till ye yere wife, Mary ; for that whilk is begotten in her is by the Holie Spirit.",
"translation": "As he was thinking about these things, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary to be your wife, for she is pregnant by the Holy Spirit.",
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"english": "Yes, back then it was odd knowing that the dreams that my wife and I had for our child could be coming true.",
"ref": "1919, Sir Harry Lauder, Between You and Me, New York: The James A. McCann Company, page 107:",
"text": "Aye, it was a strange thing in yon days to be knowing that the dreams the wife and I had had for the bairn could be coming true.",
"translation": "Yes, back then it was odd knowing that the dreams that my wife and I had for our child could be coming true.",
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"args": {
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"2": "sweven"
},
"expansion": "English sweven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swefnaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπνος",
"3": "",
"4": "sleep"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dremen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dremen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīeman",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draumijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draumijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dreme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Scots dreme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drööme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dreame",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dreame (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dromen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dromen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "träumen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "German träumen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "dreemen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "טרוימען",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "drømme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "droyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Faroese droyma (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dreyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "drømma"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk drømma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drömma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream, muse"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).\nThe sense of \"dream\", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.\nCognate with English dream, Saterland Frisian Droom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Limburgish Droum (“dream”), Luxembourgish Dram (“dream”), Yiddish טרוים (troym, “dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Faroese dreymur (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk draum (“dream”), Swedish dröm (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).\nmore details\nThe derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.\nAttested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).\nThe verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”), Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”), Faroese droyma (“to dream”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk drømma, drømme, drøyma, drøyme (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dreams",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreamin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dreamt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreamt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreme",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreams",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "dreamt",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dreams",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "dreamin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "dreamt",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dream (third-person singular simple present dreams, present participle dreamin, simple past and past participle dreamt)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dream (third-person singular simple present dreams, present participle dreamin, simple past and past participle dreamt)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
192,
197
],
[
204,
209
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
207,
212
]
],
"english": "“And it will happen that, in the last days, God will say, ‘I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, and your young men will have visions, and your old men will dream,’",
"ref": "1904, “Acts, II”, in William Wye Smith, transl., The New Testament in Braid Scots, Paisley: Alexander Gardner, page 149:",
"text": "“‘And it sal be i’ the hinnermaist days, says God, I teem oot my Spirit on a’ flesh ; and yere sons and yere dochters sall prophesie, and yere young men sal see visions, and yere auld men sal dream their dreams.",
"translation": "“And it will happen that, in the last days, God will say, ‘I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, and your young men will have visions, and your old men will dream,’",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dream (see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping)."
],
"id": "en-dream-sco-verb-JhVkiXXR",
"links": [
[
"dream",
"#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"imaginary",
"imaginary#English"
],
[
"event",
"event#English"
],
[
"mind",
"mind#English"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To dream (see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
94
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
85,
93
]
],
"english": "I did most of my work in Scotland when Mac, myself, and my wife first started really dreaming out loud about my trip to London.",
"ref": "1919, Sir Harry Lauder, Between You and Me, New York: The James A. McCann Company, page 106:",
"text": "I had done most of my work in Scotland when Mac and I and the wife began first really to dream aloud aboot my gae’in to London.",
"translation": "I did most of my work in Scotland when Mac, myself, and my wife first started really dreaming out loud about my trip to London.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dream (hope, to wish)."
],
"id": "en-dream-sco-verb-kKx5QWph",
"links": [
[
"dream",
"#English"
],
[
"hope",
"hope#English"
],
[
"wish",
"wish#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To dream (hope, to wish)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "dream"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots verbs",
"West Frisian common-gender nouns",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"West Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "drem",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English drem",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "drem"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English drem",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drēam",
"t": "music, joy"
},
"expansion": "Old English drēam (“music, joy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*draum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *draum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draumaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰrowgʰ-mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "drōm",
"t": "bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "draumr",
"t": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse draumr (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dream"
},
"expansion": "English dream",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Droom",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Droom (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dream",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dream (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "droom",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Dutch droom (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Traum",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "German Traum (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "Droum",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish Droum (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Dram",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Dram (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "טרוים",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish טרוים (troym, “dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "drøm"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål drøm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "dreymur",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Faroese dreymur (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "draumur",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic draumur (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "draum",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk draum (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "dröm",
"3": "",
"4": "dream"
},
"expansion": "Swedish dröm (“dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "draugr",
"3": "",
"4": "ghost, undead, spectre"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bedrog",
"3": "",
"4": "deception, deceit"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deception, illusion"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deception, illusion”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "more details"
},
"expansion": "more details",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sweven"
},
"expansion": "English sweven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*swefnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swefnaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕπνος",
"3": "",
"4": "sleep"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dremen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dremen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīeman",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draumijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draumijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dreme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Scots dreme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drööme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dreame",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian dreame (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dromen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dromen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "träumen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "German träumen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "dreemen",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "טרוימען",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "drømme",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "droyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Faroese droyma (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "dreyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "drømma"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk drømma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drömma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream, muse"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).\nThe sense of \"dream\", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.\nCognate with English dream, Saterland Frisian Droom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Limburgish Droum (“dream”), Luxembourgish Dram (“dream”), Yiddish טרוים (troym, “dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Faroese dreymur (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk draum (“dream”), Swedish dröm (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).\nmore details\nThe derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.\nAttested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).\nThe verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”), Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”), Faroese droyma (“to dream”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk drømma, drømme, drøyma, drøyme (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”).",
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"tags": [
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"english": "As he was thinking about these things, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary to be your wife, for she is pregnant by the Holy Spirit.",
"ref": "1904, “Matthew, I”, in William Wye Smith, transl., The New Testament in Braid Scots, Paisley: Alexander Gardner, page 1:",
"text": "But as he had thir things in his mind, see ! an Angel o’ the Lord appearit till him by a dream, sayin, “Joseph, son o’ Dauvid, binna feared to tak till ye yere wife, Mary ; for that whilk is begotten in her is by the Holie Spirit.",
"translation": "As he was thinking about these things, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary to be your wife, for she is pregnant by the Holy Spirit.",
"type": "quotation"
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"english": "Yes, back then it was odd knowing that the dreams that my wife and I had for our child could be coming true.",
"ref": "1919, Sir Harry Lauder, Between You and Me, New York: The James A. McCann Company, page 107:",
"text": "Aye, it was a strange thing in yon days to be knowing that the dreams the wife and I had had for the bairn could be coming true.",
"translation": "Yes, back then it was odd knowing that the dreams that my wife and I had for our child could be coming true.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
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"name": "cog"
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},
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{
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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"4": "to dream"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
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"name": "cog"
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "droyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "dreyma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "drømma"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drömma",
"3": "",
"4": "to dream, muse"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English drem, from Old English drēam (“music, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *draum, from Proto-Germanic *draumaz, from earlier *draugmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrowgʰ-mos, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, injure, damage”).\nThe sense of \"dream\", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compare Old Saxon drōm (“bustle, revelry, jubilation\", also \"dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English by Old Norse draumr (“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.\nCognate with English dream, Saterland Frisian Droom (“dream”), West Frisian dream (“dream”), Dutch droom (“dream”), German Traum (“dream”), Limburgish Droum (“dream”), Luxembourgish Dram (“dream”), Yiddish טרוים (troym, “dream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål drøm, Faroese dreymur (“dream”), Icelandic draumur (“dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk draum (“dream”), Swedish dröm (“dream”). Related also to Old Norse draugr (“ghost, undead, spectre”), Dutch bedrog (“deception, deceit”), German Trug (“deception, illusion”).\nmore details\nThe derivation from Old English drēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate word drēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse. Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognate drōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.\nAttested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared in The Dream of the Rood, were mǣting (Middle English mæte, mete), from an unclear source, and swefn (Modern English sweven), from Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *swepno-, *swep-; compare Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos, “sleep”).\nThe verb is from Middle English dremen, possibly (see above) from Old English drīeman (“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), from Proto-Germanic *draumijaną, *draugmijaną (“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate with Scots dreme (“to dream”), Saterland Frisian drööme (“to dream”), West Frisian dreame (“to dream”), Dutch dromen (“to dream”), German träumen (“to dream”), Luxembourgish dreemen (“to dream”), Yiddish טרוימען (troymen, “to dream”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål drømme (“to dream”), Faroese droyma (“to dream”), Icelandic dreyma (“to dream”), Norwegian Nynorsk drømma, drømme, drøyma, drøyme (“to dream”), Swedish drömma (“to dream, muse”).",
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"english": "“And it will happen that, in the last days, God will say, ‘I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, and your young men will have visions, and your old men will dream,’",
"ref": "1904, “Acts, II”, in William Wye Smith, transl., The New Testament in Braid Scots, Paisley: Alexander Gardner, page 149:",
"text": "“‘And it sal be i’ the hinnermaist days, says God, I teem oot my Spirit on a’ flesh ; and yere sons and yere dochters sall prophesie, and yere young men sal see visions, and yere auld men sal dream their dreams.",
"translation": "“And it will happen that, in the last days, God will say, ‘I will pour out from my Spirit on all flesh; and your sons and daughters will prophesy, and your young men will have visions, and your old men will dream,’",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dream (see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping)."
],
"links": [
[
"dream",
"#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"imaginary",
"imaginary#English"
],
[
"event",
"event#English"
],
[
"mind",
"mind#English"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To dream (see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scots intransitive verbs",
"Scots terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
94
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
85,
93
]
],
"english": "I did most of my work in Scotland when Mac, myself, and my wife first started really dreaming out loud about my trip to London.",
"ref": "1919, Sir Harry Lauder, Between You and Me, New York: The James A. McCann Company, page 106:",
"text": "I had done most of my work in Scotland when Mac and I and the wife began first really to dream aloud aboot my gae’in to London.",
"translation": "I did most of my work in Scotland when Mac, myself, and my wife first started really dreaming out loud about my trip to London.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dream (hope, to wish)."
],
"links": [
[
"dream",
"#English"
],
[
"hope",
"hope#English"
],
[
"wish",
"wish#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To dream (hope, to wish)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "dream"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dream meaning in Scots (27.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scots dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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