हुत

hutá (romanization)
हु (root)
हुतः (nominative singular)
हुतौ (dual nominative)
हुता1 (dual nominative)
हुताः (nominative plural)
हुतासः1 (nominative plural)
हुत (singular vocative)
हुतौ (dual vocative)
हुता1 (dual vocative)
हुताः (plural vocative)
हुतासः1 (plural vocative)
हुतम् (accusative singular)
हुतौ (accusative dual)
हुता1 (accusative dual)
हुतान् (accusative plural)
हुतेन (instrumental singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हुतैः (instrumental plural)
हुतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हुताय (dative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (dative plural)
हुतात् (ablative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हुतस्य (genitive singular)
हुतयोः (dual genitive)
हुतानाम् (genitive plural)
हुते (locative singular)
हुतयोः (dual locative)
हुतेषु (locative plural)
हुता (nominative singular)
हुते (dual nominative)
हुताः (nominative plural)
हुते (singular vocative)
हुते (dual vocative)
हुताः (plural vocative)
हुताम् (accusative singular)
हुते (accusative dual)
हुताः (accusative plural)
हुतया (instrumental singular)
हुता1 (instrumental singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हुताभिः (instrumental plural)
हुतायै (dative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हुताभ्यः (dative plural)
हुतायाः (ablative singular)
हुतायै2 (ablative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हुताभ्यः (ablative plural)
हुतायाः (genitive singular)
हुतायै2 (genitive singular)
हुतयोः (dual genitive)
हुतानाम् (genitive plural)
हुतायाम् (locative singular)
हुतयोः (dual locative)
हुतासु (locative plural)
हुतम् (nominative singular)
हुते (dual nominative)
हुतानि (nominative plural)
हुता1 (nominative plural)
हुत (singular vocative)
हुते (dual vocative)
हुतानि (plural vocative)
हुता1 (plural vocative)
हुतम् (accusative singular)
हुते (accusative dual)
हुतानि (accusative plural)
हुता1 (accusative plural)
हुतेन (instrumental singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हुतैः (instrumental plural)
हुतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हुताय (dative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (dative plural)
हुतात् (ablative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हुतस्य (genitive singular)
हुतयोः (dual genitive)
हुतानाम् (genitive plural)
हुते (locative singular)
हुतयोः (dual locative)
हुतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós (“poured”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χυτός (khutós, “poured”).

अथ हुतेऽग्निहोत्र उपतिष्ठते । भूर्भुवः स्वरिति तत्सत्येनैवैतद्वाचं समर्धयति यदाह भूर्भुवः स्वरिति तया समृद्धयाशिषमाशास्ते सुपोषः पोषैरिति तत्पुष्टिमाशास्ते

Now he approaches the fires where the Agnihotra has been libated and utters: "Earth! ether! sky!" In saying "Earth! ether! sky!", he renders his speech auspicious by means of the truth, and with that (speech) thus rendered propitious he invokes a blessing:--"May I be well supplied with offspring!" whereby he prays for offspring; "--well supplied with men!" whereby he prays for men (heroes); "--well supplied with viands!' whereby he prays for prosperity.

atha huteʼgnihotra upatiṣṭhate. bhūrbhuvaḥ svariti tatsatyenaivaitadvācaṃ samardhayati yadāha bhūrbhuvaḥ svariti tayā samṛddhayāśiṣamāśāste supoṣaḥ poṣairiti tatpuṣṭimāśāste


हुत

hutá (romanization)
हु (root)
हुतम् (nominative singular)
हुते (dual nominative)
हुतानि (nominative plural)
हुता1 (nominative plural)
हुत (singular vocative)
हुते (dual vocative)
हुतानि (plural vocative)
हुता1 (plural vocative)
हुतम् (accusative singular)
हुते (accusative dual)
हुतानि (accusative plural)
हुता1 (accusative plural)
हुतेन (instrumental singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हुतैः (instrumental plural)
हुतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हुताय (dative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (dative plural)
हुतात् (ablative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हुतस्य (genitive singular)
हुतयोः (dual genitive)
हुतानाम् (genitive plural)
हुते (locative singular)
हुतयोः (dual locative)
हुतेषु (locative plural)

oblation, offering (that which is poured)


तु

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sóder.?
Sanskrit तु (tu)
According to Mayrhofer, somehow related to Proto-Germanic *þau (“in that case”), from Proto-Indo-European *to- (“that”) + *-we (“or”) by early contraction.

etymon

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 2.22

8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 4.18.6


मातुःष्वसृ

sa-noun

मातुःष्वसृ • (mātuḥṣvasṛ) stem, f

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀲𑀺 (māusi)

Assamese: মাহী (mahi)

Bengali: মাসি (maśi), মৈ (mōi)

Odia: ମାଉସୀ (māusi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀲𑀺 (māusi)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: माउशी (mauśī)

Kannada script: ಮಾಉಶೀ (mauśī)

Latin script: mauxi

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: माउसी (māusī)

Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘄𑘭𑘲 (māusī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: માસી (māsī)

Hindi: मौसी (mausī)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਸੀ (māsī)

Shahmukhi script: ماسی (māsī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَاسِي

Devanagari script: मासी

Urdu: ماسی (māsī)

From मातुः (mā́tuḥ, “mother's”, genitive of मातृ (mā́tṛ)) + स्वसृ (svásṛ, “sister”).

compound

genitive of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">मातृ</i> (mā́tṛ)


यूष

yūṣa (romanization)
यूषः (nominative singular)
यूषौ (dual nominative)
यूषा1 (dual nominative)
यूषाः (nominative plural)
यूषासः1 (nominative plural)
यूष (singular vocative)
यूषौ (dual vocative)
यूषा1 (dual vocative)
यूषाः (plural vocative)
यूषासः1 (plural vocative)
यूषम् (accusative singular)
यूषौ (accusative dual)
यूषा1 (accusative dual)
यूषान् (accusative plural)
यूषेण (instrumental singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यूषैः (instrumental plural)
यूषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यूषाय (dative singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यूषेभ्यः (dative plural)
यूषात् (ablative singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यूषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यूषस्य (genitive singular)
यूषयोः (dual genitive)
यूषाणाम् (genitive plural)
यूषे (locative singular)
यूषयोः (dual locative)
यूषेषु (locative plural)

Pali: yūsa

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀲 (jūsa)

Hindi: जूस (jūs)

desc

Sinhalese: (මුං-)යුස ((muṁ-)yusa, “water in which green peas have been boiled; pea-soup”)

From Proto-Indo-European *yuHs-ó-s (“soup, broth”). Cognate with Latin iūs (“gravy, broth, sauce”) (whence English juice), Lithuanian jū́šė (“fish soup”), Russian уха (uxa, “fish soup”), Proto-Germanic *justaz (“cheese”).

inh

pea soup, the water in which different pulses have been boiled


धान

dhāna (romanization)
धानः (nominative singular)
धानौ (dual nominative)
धाना1 (dual nominative)
धानाः (nominative plural)
धानासः1 (nominative plural)
धान (singular vocative)
धानौ (dual vocative)
धाना1 (dual vocative)
धानाः (plural vocative)
धानासः1 (plural vocative)
धानम् (accusative singular)
धानौ (accusative dual)
धाना1 (accusative dual)
धानान् (accusative plural)
धानेन (instrumental singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानैः (instrumental plural)
धानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धानाय (dative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानेभ्यः (dative plural)
धानात् (ablative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धानस्य (genitive singular)
धानयोः (dual genitive)
धानानाम् (genitive plural)
धाने (locative singular)
धानयोः (dual locative)
धानेषु (locative plural)
धानी (nominative singular)
धान्यौ (dual nominative)
धानी1 (dual nominative)
धान्यः (nominative plural)
धानीः1 (nominative plural)
धानि (singular vocative)
धान्यौ (dual vocative)
धानी1 (dual vocative)
धान्यः (plural vocative)
धानीः1 (plural vocative)
धानीम् (accusative singular)
धान्यौ (accusative dual)
धानी1 (accusative dual)
धानीः (accusative plural)
धान्या (instrumental singular)
धानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानीभिः (instrumental plural)
धान्यै (dative singular)
धानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानीभ्यः (dative plural)
धान्याः (ablative singular)
धान्यै2 (ablative singular)
धानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
धान्याः (genitive singular)
धान्यै2 (genitive singular)
धान्योः (dual genitive)
धानीनाम् (genitive plural)
धान्याम् (locative singular)
धान्योः (dual locative)
धानीषु (locative plural)
धानम् (nominative singular)
धाने (dual nominative)
धानानि (nominative plural)
धाना1 (nominative plural)
धान (singular vocative)
धाने (dual vocative)
धानानि (plural vocative)
धाना1 (plural vocative)
धानम् (accusative singular)
धाने (accusative dual)
धानानि (accusative plural)
धाना1 (accusative plural)
धानेन (instrumental singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानैः (instrumental plural)
धानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धानाय (dative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानेभ्यः (dative plural)
धानात् (ablative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धानस्य (genitive singular)
धानयोः (dual genitive)
धानानाम् (genitive plural)
धाने (locative singular)
धानयोः (dual locative)
धानेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of धा (dhā, “to put, place”) + -न (-na).


धान

dhāna (romanization)
धानम् (nominative singular)
धाने (dual nominative)
धानानि (nominative plural)
धाना1 (nominative plural)
धान (singular vocative)
धाने (dual vocative)
धानानि (plural vocative)
धाना1 (plural vocative)
धानम् (accusative singular)
धाने (accusative dual)
धानानि (accusative plural)
धाना1 (accusative plural)
धानेन (instrumental singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानैः (instrumental plural)
धानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धानाय (dative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानेभ्यः (dative plural)
धानात् (ablative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धानस्य (genitive singular)
धानयोः (dual genitive)
धानानाम् (genitive plural)
धाने (locative singular)
धानयोः (dual locative)
धानेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/


निन्दा

nindā́ (romanization)
निन्दा (nominative singular)
निन्दे (dual nominative)
निन्दाः (nominative plural)
निन्दे (singular vocative)
निन्दे (dual vocative)
निन्दाः (plural vocative)
निन्दाम् (accusative singular)
निन्दे (accusative dual)
निन्दाः (accusative plural)
निन्दया (instrumental singular)
निन्दा1 (instrumental singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निन्दाभिः (instrumental plural)
निन्दायै (dative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (dative plural)
निन्दायाः (ablative singular)
निन्दायै2 (ablative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
निन्दायाः (genitive singular)
निन्दायै2 (genitive singular)
निन्दयोः (dual genitive)
निन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
निन्दायाम् (locative singular)
निन्दयोः (dual locative)
निन्दासु (locative plural)

Pali: nindā

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇiṃdā)

→ Hindi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Kannada: ನಿಂದೆ (ninde)

→ Malayalam: നിന്ദ (ninda)

→ Marathi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿੰਦਾ (nindā)

→ Tamil: நிந்தை (nintai)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“criticism, abuse, reviling”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hatred, spite”), Latvian naids (“hatred”), Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “reproach”).

cog

निन्दाश् च वा अनिन्दाश् च यच् च हन्तेति नेति च ।
शरीरं श्रद्धा दक्षिणाश्रद्धा चानु प्राविशन् ॥
nindāś ca vā anindāś ca yac ca hanteti neti ca.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.8.22

Reproaches, freedom from reproach, all blamable, all blameless deeds,
Bounty, belief, and unbelief entered the body as a home.

śarīraṃ śraddhā dakṣiṇāśraddhā cānu prāviśan.

(Buddhism) one of the eight worldly conditions


भ्रूण

bhrūṇá (romanization)
भ्रूणम् (nominative singular)
भ्रूणे (dual nominative)
भ्रूणानि (nominative plural)
भ्रूणा1 (nominative plural)
भ्रूण (singular vocative)
भ्रूणे (dual vocative)
भ्रूणानि (plural vocative)
भ्रूणा1 (plural vocative)
भ्रूणम् (accusative singular)
भ्रूणे (accusative dual)
भ्रूणानि (accusative plural)
भ्रूणा1 (accusative plural)
भ्रूणेन (instrumental singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रूणैः (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणाय (dative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रूणात् (ablative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रूणस्य (genitive singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual genitive)
भ्रूणानाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रूणे (locative singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual locative)
भ्रूणेषु (locative plural)

Pokorny suggests Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewH- (“to well up, gush”). Stokes instead compares Proto-Celtic *brusū (“belly, breast”) and possibly Ancient Greek βρύω (brúō, “to swell up”).


भ्रूण

bhrūṇá (romanization)
भ्रूणः (nominative singular)
भ्रूणौ (dual nominative)
भ्रूणा1 (dual nominative)
भ्रूणाः (nominative plural)
भ्रूणासः1 (nominative plural)
भ्रूण (singular vocative)
भ्रूणौ (dual vocative)
भ्रूणा1 (dual vocative)
भ्रूणाः (plural vocative)
भ्रूणासः1 (plural vocative)
भ्रूणम् (accusative singular)
भ्रूणौ (accusative dual)
भ्रूणा1 (accusative dual)
भ्रूणान् (accusative plural)
भ्रूणेन (instrumental singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रूणैः (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणाय (dative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रूणात् (ablative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रूणस्य (genitive singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual genitive)
भ्रूणानाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रूणे (locative singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual locative)
भ्रूणेषु (locative plural)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ભૂણ (bhūṇ)

Hindi: भून (bhūn)

→ Hindi: भ्रूण (bhrūṇ)


होम

hóma (romanization)
हु (root)
होमः (nominative singular)
होमौ (dual nominative)
होमा1 (dual nominative)
होमाः (nominative plural)
होमासः1 (nominative plural)
होम (singular vocative)
होमौ (dual vocative)
होमा1 (dual vocative)
होमाः (plural vocative)
होमासः1 (plural vocative)
होमम् (accusative singular)
होमौ (accusative dual)
होमा1 (accusative dual)
होमान् (accusative plural)
होमेन (instrumental singular)
होमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
होमैः (instrumental plural)
होमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
होमाय (dative singular)
होमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
होमेभ्यः (dative plural)
होमात् (ablative singular)
होमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
होमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
होमस्य (genitive singular)
होमयोः (dual genitive)
होमानाम् (genitive plural)
होमे (locative singular)
होमयोः (dual locative)
होमेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ ஓமம் (ōmam)

→ Tamil: ஹோமம் (hōmam), → ஓமம் (ōmam)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáwmas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáwmas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-mo-s, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χεῦμᾰ (kheûmă, “that which is poured”), χέω (khéō), Phrygian ζευμάν (zeumán). By surface analysis, हु (hu, “to offer, sacrifice”, root) + -म (-ma).

surf

the act of making oblations to the gods; a Vedic ritual


शुल्क

śulká (romanization)
शुल्कः (nominative singular)
शुल्कौ (dual nominative)
शुल्काः (nominative plural)
शुल्क (singular vocative)
शुल्कौ (dual vocative)
शुल्काः (plural vocative)
शुल्कम् (accusative singular)
शुल्कौ (accusative dual)
शुल्कान् (accusative plural)
शुल्केन (instrumental singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुल्कैः (instrumental plural)
शुल्काय (dative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (dative plural)
शुल्कात् (ablative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुल्कस्य (genitive singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual genitive)
शुल्कानाम् (genitive plural)
शुल्के (locative singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual locative)
शुल्केषु (locative plural)
शुल्कम् (nominative singular)
शुल्के (dual nominative)
शुल्कानि (nominative plural)
शुल्क (singular vocative)
शुल्के (dual vocative)
शुल्कानि (plural vocative)
शुल्कम् (accusative singular)
शुल्के (accusative dual)
शुल्कानि (accusative plural)
शुल्केन (instrumental singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुल्कैः (instrumental plural)
शुल्काय (dative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (dative plural)
शुल्कात् (ablative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुल्कस्य (genitive singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual genitive)
शुल्कानाम् (genitive plural)
शुल्के (locative singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual locative)
शुल्केषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शुल्क

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शुल्क</i>

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

Of unclear origin. Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam, “customs, toll”). The Sanskrit root शुल्क् (śulk, “to pay”) is artificially derived from this word.

अद्य एव शुल्कं दातव्यं अस्ति।

शिक्षण शुल्क

अधिकोष-शुल्क

मार्ग-शुल्क

duty, fee, toll, tax, customs (esp. money levied at ferries, passes, and roads)

dowry, nuptial gift (orig. a price given to parents for the purchase of a bride, but in later times bestowed on the wife as her own property together with the profits of household labor, domestic utensils, ornaments etc.), dower, marriage settlement


आता

ā́tā (romanization)
आता (nominative singular)
आते (dual nominative)
आताः (nominative plural)
आते (singular vocative)
आते (dual vocative)
आताः (plural vocative)
आताम् (accusative singular)
आते (accusative dual)
आताः (accusative plural)
आतया (instrumental singular)
आता1 (instrumental singular)
आताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आताभिः (instrumental plural)
आतायै (dative singular)
आताभ्याम् (dative dual)
आताभ्यः (dative plural)
आतायाः (ablative singular)
आतायै2 (ablative singular)
आताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आताभ्यः (ablative plural)
आतायाः (genitive singular)
आतायै2 (genitive singular)
आतयोः (dual genitive)
आतानाम् (genitive plural)
आतायाम् (locative singular)
आतयोः (dual locative)
आतासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtaH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ń̻Hteh₂ (“door jamb”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬄𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬁 (ąiθiiā, “door post”), Latin antae, Old Norse ǫnd, Old Armenian (դր-)անդի ((dr-)andi, “porch”).

cog

उद्आतैर्जिहते बृहद्द्वारो देवीर्हिरण्ययीः।
पवमानेन सुष्टुताः॥
udātairjihate bṛhaddvāro devīrhiraṇyayīḥ.
pavamānena suṣṭutāḥ.
The golden, the Celestial Doors are lifted with their frames on high,
By Pavamana glorified. NB. that in this quotation, the feminine noun is, extremely bizarrely, declined as a masculine instrumental plural in -aiḥ (<-air> before a voiced consonant). The expected form is ā́tābhiḥ.


गर्दभ

gardabhá (romanization)
गर्दभः (nominative singular)
गर्दभौ (dual nominative)
गर्दभा1 (dual nominative)
गर्दभाः (nominative plural)
गर्दभासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्दभ (singular vocative)
गर्दभौ (dual vocative)
गर्दभा1 (dual vocative)
गर्दभाः (plural vocative)
गर्दभासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्दभम् (accusative singular)
गर्दभौ (accusative dual)
गर्दभा1 (accusative dual)
गर्दभान् (accusative plural)
गर्दभेन (instrumental singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्दभैः (instrumental plural)
गर्दभेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्दभाय (dative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्दभात् (ablative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्दभस्य (genitive singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual genitive)
गर्दभानाम् (genitive plural)
गर्दभे (locative singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual locative)
गर्दभेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)

Pali: gadrabha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)

→ Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)

desctree

→? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
Tocharian B: kercapo

/ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/

/ˈɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

cog

Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde)

ಗಾರ್ದಭ

गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)


स्तौति

sa-verb

स्तौति • (stáuti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, root स्तु)

stáuti (romanization)
स्तु (root)
स्तौति (present)
स्तुते (present)
स्तौति (active indicative singular third-person)
स्तुतः (active dual indicative third-person)
स्तुवन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
स्तुते (indicative singular third-person)
स्तुवाते (dual indicative third-person)
स्तुवते (indicative plural third-person)
स्तौषि (active indicative second-person singular)
स्तुथः (active dual indicative second-person)
स्तुथ (active indicative plural second-person)
स्तुषे (indicative second-person singular)
स्तुवाथे (dual indicative second-person)
स्तुध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
स्तौमि (active first-person indicative singular)
स्तुवः (active dual first-person indicative)
स्तुमः (active first-person indicative plural)
स्तुमसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
स्तुवे (first-person indicative singular)
स्तुवहे (dual first-person indicative)
स्तुमहे (first-person indicative plural)
स्तौतु (active imperative singular third-person)
स्तुताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
स्तुवन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
स्तुताम् (imperative singular third-person)
स्तुवाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
स्तुवताम् (imperative plural third-person)
स्तुहि (active imperative second-person singular)
स्तुतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
स्तुत (active imperative plural second-person)
स्तुष्व (imperative second-person singular)
स्तुवाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
स्तुध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
स्तवानि (active first-person imperative singular)
स्तवाव (active dual first-person imperative)
स्तवाम (active first-person imperative plural)
स्तवै (first-person imperative singular)
स्तवावहै (dual first-person imperative)
स्तवामहै (first-person imperative plural)
स्तुयात् (active imperative singular third-person)
स्तुयाताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
स्तुयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
स्तुवीत (imperative singular third-person)
स्तुवीयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
स्तुवीरन् (imperative plural third-person)
स्तुयाः (active imperative second-person singular)
स्तुयातम् (active dual imperative second-person)
स्तुयात (active imperative plural second-person)
स्तुवीथाः (imperative second-person singular)
स्तुवीयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
स्तुवीध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
स्तुयाम् (active first-person imperative singular)
स्तुयाव (active dual first-person imperative)
स्तुयाम (active first-person imperative plural)
स्तुवीय (first-person imperative singular)
स्तुवीवहि (dual first-person imperative)
स्तुवीमहि (first-person imperative plural)
स्तवत् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
स्तवति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
स्तवतः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
स्तवन् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
स्तवते (singular subjunctive third-person)
स्तवातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
स्तवैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
स्तवन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
स्तवान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
स्तवः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवसि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
स्तवथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
स्तवसे (second-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
स्तवध्वे (plural second-person subjunctive)
स्तवाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
स्तवानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवा (active first-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
स्तवाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
स्तवै (first-person singular subjunctive)
स्तवावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
स्तवामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
स्तुवत् (active participle)
स्तुवान (participle)
स्तवान (participle)
स्तवान (participle)
अस्तौत् (imperfect)
अस्तुत (imperfect)
अस्तौत् (active indicative singular third-person)
अस्तुताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अस्तुवन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अस्तुत (indicative singular third-person)
अस्तुवाताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अस्तुवत (indicative plural third-person)
अस्तौः (active indicative second-person singular)
अस्तुतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अस्तुत (active indicative plural second-person)
अस्तुथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अस्तुवाथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अस्तुध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अस्तवम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अस्तुव (active dual first-person indicative)
अस्तुम (active first-person indicative plural)
अस्तुवि (first-person indicative singular)
अस्तुवहि (dual first-person indicative)
अस्तुमहि (first-person indicative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *stā́wti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stā́wti, from Proto-Indo-European *stḗw-ti, Narten present of *stew- (“to praise, laud”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌 (staoti).


सि

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *saH- (“to bind, fasten, fetter”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (iš-hi-an-zi, “they bind”), Latvian sìet (“to bind”).


जर्जर

Pali: jajjara

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀭 (jajjara)

Hindi: जाजरा (jājrā)

Old Gujarati: जाजरउं (jājaraüṃ)

Gujarati: જાજ્રું (jājrũ)

/d͡ʑɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ/


निर्यास

चर्वण-निर्यास

शालनिर्यासगन्धिभिः


संध्या

saṃdhyā́ (romanization)
संध्या (nominative singular)
संध्ये (dual nominative)
संध्याः (nominative plural)
संध्ये (singular vocative)
संध्ये (dual vocative)
संध्याः (plural vocative)
संध्याम् (accusative singular)
संध्ये (accusative dual)
संध्याः (accusative plural)
संध्यया (instrumental singular)
संध्या1 (instrumental singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संध्याभिः (instrumental plural)
संध्यायै (dative singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
संध्याभ्यः (dative plural)
संध्यायाः (ablative singular)
संध्यायै2 (ablative singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संध्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
संध्यायाः (genitive singular)
संध्यायै2 (genitive singular)
संध्ययोः (dual genitive)
संध्यानाम् (genitive plural)
संध्यायाम् (locative singular)
संध्ययोः (dual locative)
संध्यासु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সাঁজ (xãz)

Bengali: সাঁঝ (śãjh)

Magahi: 𑂮𑂰𑂀𑂕 (sā̃jh)

Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠎꠣ (hainza)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀛𑀸 (saṃjhā)

Konkani: सांज (sāñj)

Marathi: सांज (sāñj̈)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಜೆ (sañje)

desctree

Pali: sañjhā
→ Khmer: សញ្ឈា (sɑɑsɑñchiə)
→ Malay: senja

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀛𑀸 (saṃjhā)

Hindi: साँझ (sāñjh)

Urdu: سان٘جھ (sāñjh)

Nepali: साँझ (sā̃jh)

Malayalam: സന്ധ്യ (sandhya)

Odia: ସଞ୍ଜ (sañja)

Punjabi: ਸੰਝ (sañjh)

Tamil: சந்தி (canti)

→ Bengali: সন্ধ্যা (śonddha)

→ Hindi: संध्या (sandhyā)

→ Thai: สนธยา (sǒn-tá-yaa)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸੰਧਿਆ (sandhiā), ਸਨਧਿਆ (sandhiā)

→ Telugu: సంధ్య (sandhya)

/ˈs̪ɐn̪.d̪ʱjɑː/

Derived from the instrumental singular of संधि (saṃdhí, “conjunction, transition”), from the root संधा (saṃdhā), from सम्- (sam-) + धा (dhā).

त्रिसंध्या

three daily prayers used in the Sandhyavandanam rite

the junction of day and night; morning or evening twilight


पिशाच

piśācá (romanization)
पिशाचः (nominative singular)
पिशाचौ (dual nominative)
पिशाचा1 (dual nominative)
पिशाचाः (nominative plural)
पिशाचासः1 (nominative plural)
पिशाच (singular vocative)
पिशाचौ (dual vocative)
पिशाचा1 (dual vocative)
पिशाचाः (plural vocative)
पिशाचासः1 (plural vocative)
पिशाचम् (accusative singular)
पिशाचौ (accusative dual)
पिशाचा1 (accusative dual)
पिशाचान् (accusative plural)
पिशाचेन (instrumental singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिशाचैः (instrumental plural)
पिशाचेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिशाचाय (dative singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिशाचेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिशाचात् (ablative singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिशाचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिशाचस्य (genitive singular)
पिशाचयोः (dual genitive)
पिशाचानाम् (genitive plural)
पिशाचे (locative singular)
पिशाचयोः (dual locative)
पिशाचेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pisāca

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀅 (pisāa)

→ Hindi: पिशाच (piśāc)

→ Punjabi: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਚ (piśāc)

/pi.ɕɑː.t͡ɕɐ́/

/piˈɕɑː.t͡ɕɐ/

Derived from the root पिश् (piś, “to carve, prepare meat”), because of the demons' fondness for meat. The root is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out”).

der

a fiend, ogre, demon, imp, malevolent or devilish being


स्नायु

snā́yu (romanization)
स्नायुः (nominative singular)
स्नायू (dual nominative)
स्नायवः (nominative plural)
स्नायो (singular vocative)
स्नायू (dual vocative)
स्नायवः (plural vocative)
स्नायुम् (accusative singular)
स्नायू (accusative dual)
स्नायूः (accusative plural)
स्नाय्वा (instrumental singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नायुभिः (instrumental plural)
स्नाय्वै (dative singular)
स्नायवे (dative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नायुवाः (ablative singular)
स्नायोः (ablative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नायुवाः (genitive singular)
स्नायोः (genitive singular)
स्नाय्वोः (dual genitive)
स्नायूनाम् (genitive plural)
स्नाय्वाम् (locative singular)
स्नायौ (locative singular)
स्नाय्वोः (dual locative)
स्नायुषु (locative plural)
स्नायु (nominative singular)
स्नायुनी (dual nominative)
स्नायूनि (nominative plural)
स्नायु (singular vocative)
स्नायुनी (dual vocative)
स्नायूनि (plural vocative)
स्नायु (accusative singular)
स्नायुनी (accusative dual)
स्नायूनि (accusative plural)
स्नायुना (instrumental singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नायुभिः (instrumental plural)
स्नायुने (dative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नायुनः (ablative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नायुनः (genitive singular)
स्नायुनोः (dual genitive)
स्नायूनाम् (genitive plural)
स्नायुनि (locative singular)
स्नायुनोः (dual locative)
स्नायुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine u-stem declension of स्नायु

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नाय्वै / स्नायवे

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नाय्वाम् / स्नायौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नाय्वै / स्नायवे

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नाय्वाम् / स्नायौ

sa-decl-noun

Neuter u-stem declension of स्नायु

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀸𑀉 (siṇāu)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނާރު (nāru)

desc

Sinhalese: නහර (nahara), නහරය (naharaya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: साव (sāv), सांव (sāuva)

→ Telugu: స్నాయువు (snāyuvu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *snáHwar, from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥. Compare स्नावन् (snāvan).


भवै

imperative middle first-person singular of भवति (bhavati, “to become”)


रोहित

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).

यो रोहि॑तौ वा॒जिनौ॑ वा॒जिनी॑वान्त्रि॒भिः श॒तैः सच॑माना॒वदि॑ष्ट ।
यूने॒ सम॑स्मै क्षि॒तयो॑ नमन्तां श्रु॒तर॑थाय मरुतो दुवो॒या ॥
yó róhitau vājínau vājínīvāntribhíḥ śataíḥ sácamānāvádiṣṭa.

Maruts, let all the people in obeisance bow down before this youthful Srutaratha,
Who, rich in steeds, gave me two dark red horses together with three hundred head of cattle.

yū́ne sámasmai kṣitáyo namantāṃ śrutárathāya maruto duvoyā́.

नमो रोहिताय स्थपतये वृक्षाणाम् पतये नमः

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.2

Homage to the ruddy one [Rudra], the ruler, to the lord of woods homage!

namo rohitāya sthapataye vṛkṣāṇām pataye namaḥ


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

श्रू॒या अ॒ग्निश्चि॒त्रभा॑नु॒र्हवं॑ मे॒ विश्वा॑भिर्गी॒र्भिर॒मृतो॒ विचे॑ताः ।
श्या॒वा रथं॑ वहतो॒ रोहि॑ता वो॒तारु॒षाह॑ चक्रे॒ विभृ॑त्रः ॥
śrūyā́ agníścitrábhānurhávaṃ me víśvābhirgīrbhíramṛ́to vícetāḥ.

May Agni the resplendent hear my calling through all my songs, Immortal, keen of insight.
Dark steeds or ruddy steeds draw his chariot; carried about in different directions, he makes them red of colour.

śyāvā́ ráthaṃ vahato róhitā votā́ruṣā́ha cakre víbhṛtraḥ.

पाठीनरोहिताव् आद्यौ नियुक्तौ हव्यकव्ययोः ।
राजीवान्सिंहतुण्डाश्च सशल्काश्चैव सर्वशः ॥
pāṭhīnarohitāv ādyau niyuktau havyakavyayoḥ.

But the Pathina fish and the Rohita fish may be eaten, if used for offerings to the gods or to the deceased ancestors; (one may eat) likewise Ragivas, Simhatundas, and Sasalkas on all (occasions).


शुभ्र

śubhrá (romanization)
शुभ्रः (nominative singular)
शुभ्रौ (dual nominative)
शुभ्रा1 (dual nominative)
शुभ्राः (nominative plural)
शुभ्रासः1 (nominative plural)
शुभ्र (singular vocative)
शुभ्रौ (dual vocative)
शुभ्रा1 (dual vocative)
शुभ्राः (plural vocative)
शुभ्रासः1 (plural vocative)
शुभ्रम् (accusative singular)
शुभ्रौ (accusative dual)
शुभ्रा1 (accusative dual)
शुभ्रान् (accusative plural)
शुभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
शुभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शुभ्राय (dative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुभ्रात् (ablative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
शुभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शुभ्रे (locative singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual locative)
शुभ्रेषु (locative plural)
शुभ्रा (nominative singular)
शुभ्रे (dual nominative)
शुभ्राः (nominative plural)
शुभ्रे (singular vocative)
शुभ्रे (dual vocative)
शुभ्राः (plural vocative)
शुभ्राम् (accusative singular)
शुभ्रे (accusative dual)
शुभ्राः (accusative plural)
शुभ्रया (instrumental singular)
शुभ्रा1 (instrumental singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुभ्राभिः (instrumental plural)
शुभ्रायै (dative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुभ्राभ्यः (dative plural)
शुभ्रायाः (ablative singular)
शुभ्रायै2 (ablative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुभ्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुभ्रायाः (genitive singular)
शुभ्रायै2 (genitive singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
शुभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शुभ्रायाम् (locative singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual locative)
शुभ्रासु (locative plural)
शुभ्रम् (nominative singular)
शुभ्रे (dual nominative)
शुभ्राणि (nominative plural)
शुभ्रा1 (nominative plural)
शुभ्र (singular vocative)
शुभ्रे (dual vocative)
शुभ्राणि (plural vocative)
शुभ्रा1 (plural vocative)
शुभ्रम् (accusative singular)
शुभ्रे (accusative dual)
शुभ्राणि (accusative plural)
शुभ्रा1 (accusative plural)
शुभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
शुभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शुभ्राय (dative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
शुभ्रात् (ablative singular)
शुभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
शुभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शुभ्रे (locative singular)
शुभ्रयोः (dual locative)
शुभ्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šulā, “clay”)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪 (subbha, “white”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćubʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-rós, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”).

शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः।
शु॒भ्रस्त्वमि॑न्द्र वावृधा॒नो अ॒स्मे दासी॒र्विश॒: सूर्ये॑ण सह्याः॥
śubhráṃ nú te śúṣmaṃ vardháyantaḥ śubhráṃ vájraṃ bāhvórdádhānāḥ.
śubhrástvámindra vāvṛdhānó asmé dā́sīrvíśa: sū́ryeṇa sahyāḥ.
We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—

With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.


क्षीयते

sa-verb

क्षीयते • (kṣīyáte) third-singular indicative (root क्षि)

Pali: khīyati, khiyyati

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰiyátay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰiyátay, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰiyéti.


ओष

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hawṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hawšás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-ós, from *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εὕω (heúō), Latin ūrō.


ओष

oṣá (romanization)
ओषः (nominative singular)
ओषौ (dual nominative)
ओषा1 (dual nominative)
ओषाः (nominative plural)
ओषासः1 (nominative plural)
ओष (singular vocative)
ओषौ (dual vocative)
ओषा1 (dual vocative)
ओषाः (plural vocative)
ओषासः1 (plural vocative)
ओषम् (accusative singular)
ओषौ (accusative dual)
ओषा1 (accusative dual)
ओषान् (accusative plural)
ओषेण (instrumental singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओषैः (instrumental plural)
ओषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओषाय (dative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओषात् (ablative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओषस्य (genitive singular)
ओषयोः (dual genitive)
ओषाणाम् (genitive plural)
ओषे (locative singular)
ओषयोः (dual locative)
ओषेषु (locative plural)
ओषा (nominative singular)
ओषे (dual nominative)
ओषाः (nominative plural)
ओषे (singular vocative)
ओषे (dual vocative)
ओषाः (plural vocative)
ओषाम् (accusative singular)
ओषे (accusative dual)
ओषाः (accusative plural)
ओषया (instrumental singular)
ओषा1 (instrumental singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओषाभिः (instrumental plural)
ओषायै (dative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओषाभ्यः (dative plural)
ओषायाः (ablative singular)
ओषायै2 (ablative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओषाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओषायाः (genitive singular)
ओषायै2 (genitive singular)
ओषयोः (dual genitive)
ओषाणाम् (genitive plural)
ओषायाम् (locative singular)
ओषयोः (dual locative)
ओषासु (locative plural)
ओषम् (nominative singular)
ओषे (dual nominative)
ओषाणि (nominative plural)
ओषा1 (nominative plural)
ओष (singular vocative)
ओषे (dual vocative)
ओषाणि (plural vocative)
ओषा1 (plural vocative)
ओषम् (accusative singular)
ओषे (accusative dual)
ओषाणि (accusative plural)
ओषा1 (accusative plural)
ओषेण (instrumental singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओषैः (instrumental plural)
ओषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओषाय (dative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओषात् (ablative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओषस्य (genitive singular)
ओषयोः (dual genitive)
ओषाणाम् (genitive plural)
ओषे (locative singular)
ओषयोः (dual locative)
ओषेषु (locative plural)

Old Marathi: आह (āha)


आरोप

āropa (romanization)
आरोपः (nominative singular)
आरोपौ (dual nominative)
आरोपा1 (dual nominative)
आरोपाः (nominative plural)
आरोपासः1 (nominative plural)
आरोप (singular vocative)
आरोपौ (dual vocative)
आरोपा1 (dual vocative)
आरोपाः (plural vocative)
आरोपासः1 (plural vocative)
आरोपम् (accusative singular)
आरोपौ (accusative dual)
आरोपा1 (accusative dual)
आरोपान् (accusative plural)
आरोपेण (instrumental singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरोपैः (instrumental plural)
आरोपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आरोपाय (dative singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरोपेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरोपात् (ablative singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरोपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरोपस्य (genitive singular)
आरोपयोः (dual genitive)
आरोपाणाम् (genitive plural)
आरोपे (locative singular)
आरोपयोः (dual locative)
आरोपेषु (locative plural)

From आ (ā́, “to, in, at”) + रुह् (ruh, “to grow, climb”, root) + -अ (-a, nominalizing suffix), more specifically from the p-causative आरोपयति (āropayati, “to raise up”).

affix

imposing (as a burden), burdening with, charging with


वाटर

vāṭara (romanization)
वाटरम् (nominative singular)
वाटरे (dual nominative)
वाटराणि (nominative plural)
वाटरा1 (nominative plural)
वाटर (singular vocative)
वाटरे (dual vocative)
वाटराणि (plural vocative)
वाटरा1 (plural vocative)
वाटरम् (accusative singular)
वाटरे (accusative dual)
वाटराणि (accusative plural)
वाटरा1 (accusative plural)
वाटरेण (instrumental singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाटरैः (instrumental plural)
वाटरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाटराय (dative singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाटरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाटरात् (ablative singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाटरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाटरस्य (genitive singular)
वाटरयोः (dual genitive)
वाटराणाम् (genitive plural)
वाटरे (locative singular)
वाटरयोः (dual locative)
वाटरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈʋɑː.ʈɐ.ɾɐ/


क्षित

head

क्षित • (kṣitá)

kṣitá (romanization)
क्षितः (nominative singular)
क्षितौ (dual nominative)
क्षिताः (nominative plural)
क्षित (singular vocative)
क्षितौ (dual vocative)
क्षिताः (plural vocative)
क्षितम् (accusative singular)
क्षितौ (accusative dual)
क्षितान् (accusative plural)
क्षितेन (instrumental singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षितैः (instrumental plural)
क्षिताय (dative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षितात् (ablative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षितस्य (genitive singular)
क्षितयोः (dual genitive)
क्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
क्षिते (locative singular)
क्षितयोः (dual locative)
क्षितेषु (locative plural)
क्षिता (nominative singular)
क्षिते (dual nominative)
क्षिताः (nominative plural)
क्षिते (singular vocative)
क्षिते (dual vocative)
क्षिताः (plural vocative)
क्षिताम् (accusative singular)
क्षिते (accusative dual)
क्षिताः (accusative plural)
क्षितया (instrumental singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षिताभिः (instrumental plural)
क्षितायै (dative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षिताभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षितायाः (ablative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षितायाः (genitive singular)
क्षितयोः (dual genitive)
क्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
क्षितायाम् (locative singular)
क्षितयोः (dual locative)
क्षितासु (locative plural)
क्षितम् (nominative singular)
क्षिते (dual nominative)
क्षितानि (nominative plural)
क्षित (singular vocative)
क्षिते (dual vocative)
क्षितानि (plural vocative)
क्षितम् (accusative singular)
क्षिते (accusative dual)
क्षितानि (accusative plural)
क्षितेन (instrumental singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षितैः (instrumental plural)
क्षिताय (dative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षितात् (ablative singular)
क्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षितस्य (genitive singular)
क्षितयोः (dual genitive)
क्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
क्षिते (locative singular)
क्षितयोः (dual locative)
क्षितेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of क्षित

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of क्षित

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">क्षित</i>

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

क्षिताभ्याम्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰitás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰitás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰi-tós, from *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φθῐτός (phthĭtós).


जीर्ण

sa-adj

जीर्ण • (jīrṇá) stem

jīrṇá (romanization)
जीर्णः (nominative singular)
जीर्णौ (dual nominative)
जीर्णाः (nominative plural)
जीर्ण (singular vocative)
जीर्णौ (dual vocative)
जीर्णाः (plural vocative)
जीर्णम् (accusative singular)
जीर्णौ (accusative dual)
जीर्णान् (accusative plural)
जीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
जीर्णाय (dative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
जीर्णात् (ablative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
जीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
जीर्णे (locative singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual locative)
जीर्णेषु (locative plural)
जीर्णा (nominative singular)
जीर्णे (dual nominative)
जीर्णाः (nominative plural)
जीर्णे (singular vocative)
जीर्णे (dual vocative)
जीर्णाः (plural vocative)
जीर्णाम् (accusative singular)
जीर्णे (accusative dual)
जीर्णाः (accusative plural)
जीर्णया (instrumental singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीर्णाभिः (instrumental plural)
जीर्णायै (dative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीर्णाभ्यः (dative plural)
जीर्णायाः (ablative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीर्णाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीर्णायाः (genitive singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
जीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
जीर्णायाम् (locative singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual locative)
जीर्णासु (locative plural)
जीर्णम् (nominative singular)
जीर्णे (dual nominative)
जीर्णानि (nominative plural)
जीर्ण (singular vocative)
जीर्णे (dual vocative)
जीर्णानि (plural vocative)
जीर्णम् (accusative singular)
जीर्णे (accusative dual)
जीर्णानि (accusative plural)
जीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
जीर्णाय (dative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
जीर्णात् (ablative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
जीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
जीर्णे (locative singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual locative)
जीर्णेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of जीर्ण

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of जीर्ण

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">जीर्ण</i>

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

जीर्णाभ्याम्

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡 (jiṇṇa)

/d͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ́/

/ˈd͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂-nó-s, from *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”). Doublet of जूर्ण (jūrṇá).

त्वं स्त्री त्वं पुमान् असि त्वं कुमार उत वा कुमारी॥
त्वं जीर्णो दण्डेन वञ्चसि त्वं जातो भवसि विश्वतोमुखः ॥
tvaṃ strī tvaṃ pumān asi tvaṃ kumāra uta vā kumārī.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.8.27

(O Supreme Being) You are a woman, and a man; you are a maiden and a boy.
Grown old, you totter with a staff, new-born you look every way.

tvaṃ jīrṇo daṇḍena vañcasi tvaṃ jāto bhavasi viśvatomukhaḥ.

वासांसि जीर्णानि यथा विहाय नवानि गृह्णाति नरो ऽपराणि
तथा शरीराणि विहाय जीर्णान्य् अन्यानि संयाति नवानि देही
vāsāṃsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya navāni gṛhṇāti naro ʼparāṇi

c. 800 CE, Śankarācāryaḥ, Commentary to the Bhagavad-Gītā 2.22

As old clothes are cast away and new ones are in its turn grabbed by man
So old bodies are cast (by a soul) going to a new body

tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāny anyāni saṃyāti navāni dehī


जीर्ण

jīrṇá (romanization)
जीर्णः (nominative singular)
जीर्णौ (dual nominative)
जीर्णा1 (dual nominative)
जीर्णाः (nominative plural)
जीर्णासः1 (nominative plural)
जीर्ण (singular vocative)
जीर्णौ (dual vocative)
जीर्णा1 (dual vocative)
जीर्णाः (plural vocative)
जीर्णासः1 (plural vocative)
जीर्णम् (accusative singular)
जीर्णौ (accusative dual)
जीर्णा1 (accusative dual)
जीर्णान् (accusative plural)
जीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
जीर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जीर्णाय (dative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
जीर्णात् (ablative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
जीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
जीर्णे (locative singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual locative)
जीर्णेषु (locative plural)

⇒ Telugu: జీర్ణించు (jīrṇiñcu)

/d͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ́/

/ˈd͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ/


गोरूप

/ɡoːˈɾuː.pɐ/

एतद्वै विश्वरूपं सर्वरूपं गोरूपम् ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 9.7.25

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 13.737


गोरूप

gorūpá (romanization)
गोरूपम् (nominative singular)
गोरूपे (dual nominative)
गोरूपानि (nominative plural)
गोरूप (singular vocative)
गोरूपे (dual vocative)
गोरूपानि (plural vocative)
गोरूपम् (accusative singular)
गोरूपे (accusative dual)
गोरूपानि (accusative plural)
गोरूपेन (instrumental singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोरूपैः (instrumental plural)
गोरूपाय (dative singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोरूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
गोरूपात् (ablative singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोरूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोरूपस्य (genitive singular)
गोरूपयोः (dual genitive)
गोरूपानाम् (genitive plural)
गोरूपे (locative singular)
गोरूपयोः (dual locative)
गोरूपेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">गोरूप</i>

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

Dardic:

Kashmiri: gōrū

Arabic script: گوروٗ

Devanagari script: गोरू

Shina:

Savi: [script needed] (gorū́)

Pali: gōrūpa

Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀽𑀯 (gorūva)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: gorū, goruā

desc

Hindi: गोरू, गोरुआ

Hindi: गोरू, गोरुआ

Urdu: گورُو (gorū), گورُءَا

Urdu: گورُو (gorū), گورُءَا

Romani: guruv, gōrū, gōrwī, gōrwa, guruvni, gurumni

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গৰু (goru, “cattle, cow”)

Bengali: গোরু (gōru, “cow, ox; cattle”), গরু (goru)

Bihari: गोरू (gorū)

Bhojpuri: गोरू (gōrū)

Odia: ଗୋରୂ (goru)

Sylheti: ꠉꠞꠥ (goru, “cow; cattle”)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: गोरु (goru)

Kumaoni: गोरू (gorū)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: गोरु (goru)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (görõ)

Churahi: गोरू (gorū)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: gorū

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰੂ

Shahmukhi script: گورُو

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Jadgali: [script needed] (goru)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގެރި (geri), ގޮނގެރި (goⁿgeri)

Sinhalese: ගෙරියා (geriyā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: गोर्वां (gōrvā̃, “cattle”)

Old Marathi: गुरुं (guruṃ)

Marathi: गुरू (gurū, “cattle”), गुरें (gurẽ), गोरूं (gorū̃)

/ɡoːˈɾuː.pɐ/


सेवक

From सेव् (sev, “to remain, stay, serve or worship”).

सेवकोत्तम ― sevakottama ― The best of servants (सेवक + उत्तम (uttama))

अचिरस्थायिनी सेवकी


तट

taṭa (romanization)
तट् (root)
तटः (nominative singular)
तटौ (dual nominative)
तटा1 (dual nominative)
तटाः (nominative plural)
तटासः1 (nominative plural)
तट (singular vocative)
तटौ (dual vocative)
तटा1 (dual vocative)
तटाः (plural vocative)
तटासः1 (plural vocative)
तटम् (accusative singular)
तटौ (accusative dual)
तटा1 (accusative dual)
तटान् (accusative plural)
तटेन (instrumental singular)
तटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तटैः (instrumental plural)
तटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तटाय (dative singular)
तटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तटेभ्यः (dative plural)
तटात् (ablative singular)
तटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तटस्य (genitive singular)
तटयोः (dual genitive)
तटानाम् (genitive plural)
तटे (locative singular)
तटयोः (dual locative)
तटेषु (locative plural)

Pali: taṭa, taṭī

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀟 (taḍa), 𑀢𑀟𑀻 (taḍī)

Old Hindi: तड़ (taṛ, “side, party, faction”), तड़ा (taṛā, “island”)

→ Hindi: तट (taṭ)

→ Old Javanese: taṭa

Possibly borrowed from Dravidian, whence Tamil திட்டு (tiṭṭu, “hill, salt bank”) and Kannada ದಡ (daḍa, “bank, shore”). The root तट् (taṭ, “to be raised”) is probably derived from this noun.

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

a slope, declivity, sloping parts of the body, sides, a shore


भिक्षा

sa-noun

भि॒क्षा • (bhikṣā́) stem, f (root भिक्ष्)

भि॒क्षा (canonical)
bhikṣā́ (romanization)
भिक्ष् (root)
भिक्षा (nominative singular)
भिक्षे (dual nominative)
भिक्षाः (nominative plural)
भिक्षे (singular vocative)
भिक्षे (dual vocative)
भिक्षाः (plural vocative)
भिक्षाम् (accusative singular)
भिक्षे (accusative dual)
भिक्षाः (accusative plural)
भिक्षया (instrumental singular)
भिक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भिक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
भिक्षायै (dative singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भिक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
भिक्षायाः (ablative singular)
भिक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भिक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
भिक्षायाः (genitive singular)
भिक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
भिक्षयोः (dual genitive)
भिक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
भिक्षायाम् (locative singular)
भिक्षयोः (dual locative)
भिक्षासु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bhikkhā) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Pali: bhikkhā
→ Khmer: ភិក្ខា (phikkhaa)
→ Thai: ภิกขา

Borrowed terms

→ Odia: ଭିକ୍ଷା (bhikṣa) (learned)

→ Lao: ພິກສາ (phik sā) (learned)

→ Tamil: பிச்சை (piccai) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Sanskrit भिक्ष् (bhikṣ)
Sanskrit -आ (-ā)
Sanskrit भि॒क्षा (bhikṣā́)
From the root भिक्ष् (bhikṣ) + -आ (-ā).

etymon

भि॒क्षा


ध्रुव

dhruvá (romanization)
ध्रुवः (nominative singular)
ध्रुवौ (dual nominative)
ध्रुवा1 (dual nominative)
ध्रुवाः (nominative plural)
ध्रुवासः1 (nominative plural)
ध्रुव (singular vocative)
ध्रुवौ (dual vocative)
ध्रुवा1 (dual vocative)
ध्रुवाः (plural vocative)
ध्रुवासः1 (plural vocative)
ध्रुवम् (accusative singular)
ध्रुवौ (accusative dual)
ध्रुवा1 (accusative dual)
ध्रुवान् (accusative plural)
ध्रुवेण (instrumental singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्रुवैः (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवाय (dative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (dative plural)
ध्रुवात् (ablative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ध्रुवस्य (genitive singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual genitive)
ध्रुवाणाम् (genitive plural)
ध्रुवे (locative singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual locative)
ध्रुवेषु (locative plural)
ध्रुवा (nominative singular)
ध्रुवे (dual nominative)
ध्रुवाः (nominative plural)
ध्रुवे (singular vocative)
ध्रुवे (dual vocative)
ध्रुवाः (plural vocative)
ध्रुवाम् (accusative singular)
ध्रुवे (accusative dual)
ध्रुवाः (accusative plural)
ध्रुवया (instrumental singular)
ध्रुवा1 (instrumental singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्रुवाभिः (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवायै (dative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्रुवाभ्यः (dative plural)
ध्रुवायाः (ablative singular)
ध्रुवायै2 (ablative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्रुवाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ध्रुवायाः (genitive singular)
ध्रुवायै2 (genitive singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual genitive)
ध्रुवाणाम् (genitive plural)
ध्रुवायाम् (locative singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual locative)
ध्रुवासु (locative plural)
ध्रुवम् (nominative singular)
ध्रुवे (dual nominative)
ध्रुवाणि (nominative plural)
ध्रुवा1 (nominative plural)
ध्रुव (singular vocative)
ध्रुवे (dual vocative)
ध्रुवाणि (plural vocative)
ध्रुवा1 (plural vocative)
ध्रुवम् (accusative singular)
ध्रुवे (accusative dual)
ध्रुवाणि (accusative plural)
ध्रुवा1 (accusative plural)
ध्रुवेण (instrumental singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्रुवैः (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवाय (dative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (dative plural)
ध्रुवात् (ablative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ध्रुवस्य (genitive singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual genitive)
ध्रुवाणाम् (genitive plural)
ध्रुवे (locative singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual locative)
ध्रुवेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: ধ্ৰুব (dhrubo)

→ Bengali: ধ্রুব (dhrub)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)

Marathi: ध्रुव (dhruv)

Pali: dhuva

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀯 (dhuva)
Hindi: धुव (dhuv), धू (dhū) (obsolete)

Odia: ଧ୍ରୁବ (dhruba), ଧୁରୁବ (dhuruba)

desc

→ Tamil: துருவம் (turuvam), துவம் (tuvam)

→ Telugu: ధ్రువము (dhruvamu)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) + *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian درست (dorost, “healthy”).

cog

मृतस्य जन्म ध्रुवम्

for the dead life (ie, reincarnation) is certain


ध्रुव

→ English: Dhruva

ध्रुववक

the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars


ध्रुव

dhruva (romanization)
ध्रुवः (nominative singular)
ध्रुवौ (dual nominative)
ध्रुवा1 (dual nominative)
ध्रुवाः (nominative plural)
ध्रुवासः1 (nominative plural)
ध्रुव (singular vocative)
ध्रुवौ (dual vocative)
ध्रुवा1 (dual vocative)
ध्रुवाः (plural vocative)
ध्रुवासः1 (plural vocative)
ध्रुवम् (accusative singular)
ध्रुवौ (accusative dual)
ध्रुवा1 (accusative dual)
ध्रुवान् (accusative plural)
ध्रुवेण (instrumental singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्रुवैः (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ध्रुवाय (dative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (dative plural)
ध्रुवात् (ablative singular)
ध्रुवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्रुवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ध्रुवस्य (genitive singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual genitive)
ध्रुवाणाम् (genitive plural)
ध्रुवे (locative singular)
ध्रुवयोः (dual locative)
ध्रुवेषु (locative plural)


हरस्

háras (romanization)
हरः (nominative singular)
हरसी (dual nominative)
हरांसि (nominative plural)
हरः (singular vocative)
हरसी (dual vocative)
हरांसि (plural vocative)
हरः (accusative singular)
हरसी (accusative dual)
हरांसि (accusative plural)
हरसा (instrumental singular)
हरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरोभिः (instrumental plural)
हरसे (dative singular)
हरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरोभ्यः (dative plural)
हरसः (ablative singular)
हरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरसः (genitive singular)
हरसोः (dual genitive)
हरसाम् (genitive plural)
हरसि (locative singular)
हरसोः (dual locative)
हरःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θέρος (théros).

प्रत्य॑ग्ने॒ हर॑सा॒ हरः॑ शृणी॒हि वि॒श्वतः॒ प्रति॑ ।
या॒तु॒धान॑स्य र॒क्षसो॒ बलं॒ वि रु॑ज वी॒र्यं॑ ॥
prátyagne hárasā háraḥ śṛṇīhí viśvátaḥ práti.
yātudhā́nasya rakṣáso bálaṃ ví ruja vīryàṃ.
Shoot forth your flame, O Agni; with your flame demolish them on every side.

Break the Yātudhāna's strength and the vigour of the Rākṣasa.


धामन्

dhā́man (romanization)
धाम (nominative singular)
धाम्नी (dual nominative)
धामनी (dual nominative)
धामानि (nominative plural)
धाम1 (nominative plural)
धामा1 (nominative plural)
धामन् (singular vocative)
धाम (singular vocative)
धाम्नी (dual vocative)
धामनी (dual vocative)
धामानि (plural vocative)
धाम1 (plural vocative)
धामा1 (plural vocative)
धाम (accusative singular)
धाम्नी (accusative dual)
धामनी (accusative dual)
धामानि (accusative plural)
धाम1 (accusative plural)
धामा1 (accusative plural)
धाम्ना (instrumental singular)
धामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धामभिः (instrumental plural)
धाम्ने (dative singular)
धामभ्याम् (dative dual)
धामभ्यः (dative plural)
धाम्नः (ablative singular)
धामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धामभ्यः (ablative plural)
धाम्नः (genitive singular)
धाम्नोः (dual genitive)
धाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
धाम्नि (locative singular)
धामनि (locative singular)
धामन्1 (locative singular)
धाम्नोः (dual locative)
धामसु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਧਾਮ (dhām)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰáHma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáHma, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁mn̥. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (dāman), Ancient Greek θέμᾰ (thémă).


ऐश्वर्य

aiśvarya (romanization)
ऐश्वर्यम् (nominative singular)
ऐश्वर्ये (dual nominative)
ऐश्वर्याणि (nominative plural)
ऐश्वर्या1 (nominative plural)
ऐश्वर्य (singular vocative)
ऐश्वर्ये (dual vocative)
ऐश्वर्याणि (plural vocative)
ऐश्वर्या1 (plural vocative)
ऐश्वर्यम् (accusative singular)
ऐश्वर्ये (accusative dual)
ऐश्वर्याणि (accusative plural)
ऐश्वर्या1 (accusative plural)
ऐश्वर्येण (instrumental singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऐश्वर्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऐश्वर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऐश्वर्याय (dative singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऐश्वर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऐश्वर्यात् (ablative singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऐश्वर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऐश्वर्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऐश्वर्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऐश्वर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
ऐश्वर्ये (locative singular)
ऐश्वर्ययोः (dual locative)
ऐश्वर्येषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚 (esajja)

/ɑːjɕ.ʋɐɾ.jɐ/

/ɑjɕˈʋɐɾ.jɐ/

Vrddhi derivative of ईश्वर (īśvará) with a -य (-ya) extension.


हन्

hán (romanization)
हा (nominative singular)
हानौ (dual nominative)
हाना1 (dual nominative)
हानः (nominative plural)
हन् (singular vocative)
हानौ (dual vocative)
हाना1 (dual vocative)
हानः (plural vocative)
हानम् (accusative singular)
हानौ (accusative dual)
हाना1 (accusative dual)
ह्नः (accusative plural)
ह्ना (instrumental singular)
हभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्ने (dative singular)
हभ्याम् (dative dual)
हभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्नः (ablative singular)
हभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्नः (genitive singular)
ह्नोः (dual genitive)
ह्नाम् (genitive plural)
ह्नि (locative singular)
हनि (locative singular)
हन्1 (locative singular)
ह्नोः (dual locative)
हसु (locative plural)
घ्नी (nominative singular)
घ्न्यौ (dual nominative)
घ्न्यः (nominative plural)
घ्नीः (nominative plural)
घ्नि (singular vocative)
घ्न्यौ (dual vocative)
घ्न्यः (plural vocative)
घ्नीम् (accusative singular)
घ्न्यौ (accusative dual)
घ्नीः (accusative plural)
घ्न्या (instrumental singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घ्नीभिः (instrumental plural)
घ्न्यै (dative singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dative dual)
घ्नीभ्यः (dative plural)
घ्न्याः (ablative singular)
घ्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घ्नीभ्यः (ablative plural)
घ्न्याः (genitive singular)
घ्नीभ्याम् (dual genitive)
घ्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
घ्न्याम् (locative singular)
घ्न्योः (dual locative)
घ्नीषु (locative plural)
ह (nominative singular)
ह्नी (dual nominative)
हनी (dual nominative)
हानि (nominative plural)
ह1 (nominative plural)
हा1 (nominative plural)
हन् (singular vocative)
ह (singular vocative)
ह्नी (dual vocative)
हनी (dual vocative)
हानि (plural vocative)
ह1 (plural vocative)
हा1 (plural vocative)
ह (accusative singular)
ह्नी (accusative dual)
हनी (accusative dual)
हानि (accusative plural)
ह1 (accusative plural)
हा1 (accusative plural)
ह्ना (instrumental singular)
हभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्ने (dative singular)
हभ्याम् (dative dual)
हभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्नः (ablative singular)
हभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्नः (genitive singular)
ह्नोः (dual genitive)
ह्नाम् (genitive plural)
ह्नि (locative singular)
हनि (locative singular)
हन्1 (locative singular)
ह्नोः (dual locative)
हसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰḗn, from the root *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”).

(at the end of a compound) killing, striking, slaying


हन्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰan-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, hit, kill”).


वरिष्ठ

/ʋɐ́.ɾiʂ.ʈʰɐ/

/ʋɐˈɾiʂ.ʈʰɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwáriṣṭʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwárištʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose”).

der

superlative degree of वर (vara); dearest, choicest, best


वरिष्ठ

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwárištʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwáriṣṭʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wer- (“broad”). Related to वरुण (váruṇa, “Varuna”).

superlative degree of उरु (uru); widest, most encompassing, having the widest circumference


क्षेषत्

head

क्षेषत् • (kṣeṣat)

/ˈkʂeː.ʂɐt̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáysat, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáysat, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéy-s-e-t, from *tḱey- (“to cultivate, settle, live”). Cognate with Latin sīrīs.

अग्ने स क्षेषदृतपा ऋतेजा उरु ज्योतिर्नशते देवयुष्टे।
यं त्वं मित्रेण वरुणः सजोषा देव पासि त्यजसा मर्तमंहः॥
agne sa kṣeṣadṛtapā ṛtejā uru jyotirnaśate devayuṣṭe.
yaṃ tvaṃ mitreṇa varuṇaḥ sajoṣā deva pāsi tyajasā martamaṃhaḥ.
TRUE, guardian of the Law, thy faithful servant wins ample light and dwells in peace, O Agni,

Whom thou, as Varuṇa in accord with Mitra, guardest, O God, by banishing his trouble.

third-person singular aorist active subjunctive of क्षि (kṣi, “to dwell, stay, reside”)


तक्षन्

tákṣan (romanization)
तक्षा (nominative singular)
तक्षाणौ (dual nominative)
तक्षाणा1 (dual nominative)
तक्षाणः (nominative plural)
तक्षन् (singular vocative)
तक्षाणौ (dual vocative)
तक्षाणा1 (dual vocative)
तक्षाणः (plural vocative)
तक्षाणम् (accusative singular)
तक्षाणौ (accusative dual)
तक्षाणा1 (accusative dual)
तक्ष्णः (accusative plural)
तक्ष्णा (instrumental singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तक्षभिः (instrumental plural)
तक्ष्णे (dative singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (dative dual)
तक्षभ्यः (dative plural)
तक्ष्णः (ablative singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तक्षभ्यः (ablative plural)
तक्ष्णः (genitive singular)
तक्ष्णोः (dual genitive)
तक्ष्णाम् (genitive plural)
तक्ष्णि (locative singular)
तक्षणि (locative singular)
तक्षन्1 (locative singular)
तक्ष्णोः (dual locative)
तक्षसु (locative plural)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: तखान (takhān) (rare)

Urdu: تکھان (takhān)

Punjabi: (intrusive r)

Gurmukhi script: ਤਰਖਾਣ (tarkhāṇ)

Shahmukhi script: تَرکھاݨ (tarkhāṇ)

→ Tamil: தச்சன் (taccaṉ)

/ˈt̪ɐk.ʂɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *táṭṣā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *táćšā (“carpenter, woodcutter”), from Proto-Indo-European *tétḱō (“idem”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “carpenter”), Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬥 (tašan).

cog

नानानं वा उ नो धियो वि व्रतानि जनानाम्।
तक्षा रिष्टं रुतं भिषग्ब्रह्मा सुन्वन्तमिच्छतीन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव॥
nānānaṃ vā u no dhiyo vi vratāni janānām.

WE all have various thoughts and plans, and diverse are the ways of men.
The Brahman seeks the worshipper, wright seeks the cracked, and leech the maimed. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.

takṣā riṣṭaṃ rutaṃ bhiṣagbrahmā sunvantamicchatīndrāyendo pari srava.


पुनर्

head

पुनर् • (púnar)

Of uncertain origin.
The word stands out as having no clear phonetic or semantic connections to other words within Sanskrit or other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages. However, the word structure does not suggest either a Dravidian or Munda origin, and the word's Vedic attestation makes an autochthonous substrate origin even less likely. The Proto-Indo-Aryan form is not even certain, as the u could have originally been an a, which was backed into a u after the labial p, in addition to the word possibly undergoing dissimilation, metathesis, and other sound changes throughout its history.
Mayrhofer's preferred theory is to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), and compares Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”) and German von (“from”). However, as he suggests, the semantic evidence is neither convincing nor unconvincing, due to the very basic meaning of the Proto-Indo-European word, and the potential phantom phonetic shifts noted above make analysis problematic.
Another theory connects the word to Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”), which would make the word a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”). This is an exact semantic match, but the phonetics are difficult to resolve. However, due to the murky phonetic history of the word, this derivation still remains in discussion.

der

पुनर् गच्छति

पुनर् ददामि

पुनर् भवति


वास

vāsá (romanization)
वासस् (nominative singular)
वासौ (dual nominative)
वासा1 (dual nominative)
वासास् (nominative plural)
वासासस् (nominative plural)
वास (singular vocative)
वासौ (dual vocative)
वासा1 (dual vocative)
वासास् (plural vocative)
वासासस् (plural vocative)
वासम् (accusative singular)
वासौ (accusative dual)
वासा1 (accusative dual)
वासान् (accusative plural)
वासेन (instrumental singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वासैः (instrumental plural)
वासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वासाय (dative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वासेभ्यः (dative plural)
वासात् (ablative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वासस्य (genitive singular)
वासयोः (dual genitive)
वासानाम् (genitive plural)
वासे (locative singular)
वासयोः (dual locative)
वासेषु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਸ (vās)

Shahmukhi script: واس (vās)


वास

vāsa (romanization)
वासः (nominative singular)
वासौ (dual nominative)
वासा1 (dual nominative)
वासाः (nominative plural)
वासासः1 (nominative plural)
वास (singular vocative)
वासौ (dual vocative)
वासा1 (dual vocative)
वासाः (plural vocative)
वासासः1 (plural vocative)
वासम् (accusative singular)
वासौ (accusative dual)
वासा1 (accusative dual)
वासान् (accusative plural)
वासेन (instrumental singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वासैः (instrumental plural)
वासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वासाय (dative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वासेभ्यः (dative plural)
वासात् (ablative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वासस्य (genitive singular)
वासयोः (dual genitive)
वासानाम् (genitive plural)
वासे (locative singular)
वासयोः (dual locative)
वासेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀲 (vāsa)

Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘭 (vāsa)

Marathi: वास (vās)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀲 (vāsa)

Bengali: বাস (baś)

Hindi: बास (bās)

Punjabi: ਬਾਸ (bās)

→ Kannada: ವಾಸನೆ (vāsane)

→ Tamil: வாசனை (vācaṉai)

something worn on the body
garment, clothes


नेतृत्व

/n̪eːˈt̪r̩t̪.ʋɐ/


कनिष्ठ

kaniṣṭhá (romanization)
kániṣṭha (romanization)
कनिष्ठः (nominative singular)
कनिष्ठौ (dual nominative)
कनिष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
कनिष्ठाः (nominative plural)
कनिष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
कनिष्ठ (singular vocative)
कनिष्ठौ (dual vocative)
कनिष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
कनिष्ठाः (plural vocative)
कनिष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
कनिष्ठम् (accusative singular)
कनिष्ठौ (accusative dual)
कनिष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
कनिष्ठान् (accusative plural)
कनिष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कनिष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
कनिष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कनिष्ठाय (dative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कनिष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
कनिष्ठात् (ablative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कनिष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कनिष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कनिष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कनिष्ठे (locative singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कनिष्ठेषु (locative plural)
कनिष्ठा (nominative singular)
कनिष्ठे (dual nominative)
कनिष्ठाः (nominative plural)
कनिष्ठे (singular vocative)
कनिष्ठे (dual vocative)
कनिष्ठाः (plural vocative)
कनिष्ठाम् (accusative singular)
कनिष्ठे (accusative dual)
कनिष्ठाः (accusative plural)
कनिष्ठया (instrumental singular)
कनिष्ठा1 (instrumental singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कनिष्ठाभिः (instrumental plural)
कनिष्ठायै (dative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कनिष्ठाभ्यः (dative plural)
कनिष्ठायाः (ablative singular)
कनिष्ठायै2 (ablative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कनिष्ठाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कनिष्ठायाः (genitive singular)
कनिष्ठायै2 (genitive singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कनिष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कनिष्ठायाम् (locative singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कनिष्ठासु (locative plural)
कनिष्ठम् (nominative singular)
कनिष्ठे (dual nominative)
कनिष्ठानि (nominative plural)
कनिष्ठा1 (nominative plural)
कनिष्ठ (singular vocative)
कनिष्ठे (dual vocative)
कनिष्ठानि (plural vocative)
कनिष्ठा1 (plural vocative)
कनिष्ठम् (accusative singular)
कनिष्ठे (accusative dual)
कनिष्ठानि (accusative plural)
कनिष्ठा1 (accusative plural)
कनिष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कनिष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
कनिष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कनिष्ठाय (dative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कनिष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
कनिष्ठात् (ablative singular)
कनिष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कनिष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कनिष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
कनिष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
कनिष्ठे (locative singular)
कनिष्ठयोः (dual locative)
कनिष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kaniṭṭha

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (kaṇiṭṭha)

→ Kannada: ಕನಿಷ್ಠ (kaniṣṭha)

/kɐˈn̪iʂ.ʈʰɐ/

/kɐˈn̪iʂ.ʈʰɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kaniHṣṭʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaniHštʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ken-.

ज्ये॒ष्ठ आ॑ह चम॒सा द्वा क॒रेति॒ कनी॑या॒न्त्रीन्कृ॑णवा॒मेत्या॑ह।
क॒नि॒ष्ठ आ॑ह च॒तुर॑स्क॒रेति॒ त्वष्ट॑ ऋभव॒स्तत्प॑नय॒द्वचो॑ वः॥
jyeṣṭhá āha camasā́ dvā́ karéti kánīyāntrī́nkṛṇavāmétyāha.
kaniṣṭhá āha catúraskaréti tváṣṭa ṛbhavastátpanayadváco vaḥ.
Two beakers let us make,—thus said the eldest. Let us make three,—this was the younger's sentence.
Four beakers let us make,—thus spoke the youngest. Tvaṣṭa approved this rede of yours, O Ṛbhus.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa


नी

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *neyH-. Compare Avestan 𐬌𐬙𐬈𐬫𐬀𐬥 (iteyan, “to bring, lead”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐎹 (a-n-y /anaya/, “he was leading, bringing”), Middle Persian [script needed] (nītan, “to lead, drive”), Hittite 𒈾𒄿𒉈 (nāine, “to guide”).


कोकिल

kokilá (romanization)
कोकिलः (nominative singular)
कोकिलौ (dual nominative)
कोकिला1 (dual nominative)
कोकिलाः (nominative plural)
कोकिलासः1 (nominative plural)
कोकिल (singular vocative)
कोकिलौ (dual vocative)
कोकिला1 (dual vocative)
कोकिलाः (plural vocative)
कोकिलासः1 (plural vocative)
कोकिलम् (accusative singular)
कोकिलौ (accusative dual)
कोकिला1 (accusative dual)
कोकिलान् (accusative plural)
कोकिलेन (instrumental singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोकिलैः (instrumental plural)
कोकिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोकिलाय (dative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोकिलात् (ablative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोकिलस्य (genitive singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual genitive)
कोकिलानाम् (genitive plural)
कोकिले (locative singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual locative)
कोकिलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kōkila

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮 (koila), 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮𑀸 (koilā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कोइल (koila)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: koyal

Hindi: कोयल (koyal)

Urdu: کویل (koyal)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুলি (kuli)

Middle Bengali: কুইল (kuil)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कोइलि (kōili)

Maithili: कोइल (kōil), कोइलि (kōilɨ)

Odia: କୋଇଲି (koili)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कोइलि (koili)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कोइल (koil)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: koil

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਇਲ (koil)

Shahmukhi script: کویل (koil)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: koila

Arabic script: ڪوءِلَ

Devanagari script: कोइल

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ކޮވެލި (koveli), ކުނބޯލި (kuᵐbōli), ދިކޮއި (dikoi), ގޮވިލި (govili)

Sinhalese: කොවුලා (kowulā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कोईळ (koīḷ), कोईल (koīl), कोयाळ (koyāḷ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કોયલ (koyal), કોયલડી (koyalḍī)

→ Bengali: কোকিল (kōkil)

→ Santali: ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ (kuyli) (via some Indo-Aryan descendant)

→ Kannada: ಕೋಗಿಲೆ (kōgile)

→ Malayalam: കോകിലം (kōkilaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kokīl (learned)

Of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the male bird's mating cry. Compare Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Polish kukułka.


पायस

pā́yasa (romanization)
पायसः (nominative singular)
पायसौ (dual nominative)
पायसा1 (dual nominative)
पायसाः (nominative plural)
पायसासः1 (nominative plural)
पायस (singular vocative)
पायसौ (dual vocative)
पायसा1 (dual vocative)
पायसाः (plural vocative)
पायसासः1 (plural vocative)
पायसम् (accusative singular)
पायसौ (accusative dual)
पायसा1 (accusative dual)
पायसान् (accusative plural)
पायसेन (instrumental singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायसैः (instrumental plural)
पायसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पायसाय (dative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (dative plural)
पायसात् (ablative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायसस्य (genitive singular)
पायसयोः (dual genitive)
पायसानाम् (genitive plural)
पायसे (locative singular)
पायसयोः (dual locative)
पायसेषु (locative plural)
पायसी (nominative singular)
पायस्यौ (dual nominative)
पायसी1 (dual nominative)
पायस्यः (nominative plural)
पायसीः1 (nominative plural)
पायसि (singular vocative)
पायस्यौ (dual vocative)
पायसी1 (dual vocative)
पायस्यः (plural vocative)
पायसीः1 (plural vocative)
पायसीम् (accusative singular)
पायस्यौ (accusative dual)
पायसी1 (accusative dual)
पायसीः (accusative plural)
पायस्या (instrumental singular)
पायसीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायसीभिः (instrumental plural)
पायस्यै (dative singular)
पायसीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायसीभ्यः (dative plural)
पायस्याः (ablative singular)
पायस्यै2 (ablative singular)
पायसीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायसीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायस्याः (genitive singular)
पायस्यै2 (genitive singular)
पायस्योः (dual genitive)
पायसीनाम् (genitive plural)
पायस्याम् (locative singular)
पायस्योः (dual locative)
पायसीषु (locative plural)
पायसम् (nominative singular)
पायसे (dual nominative)
पायसानि (nominative plural)
पायसा1 (nominative plural)
पायस (singular vocative)
पायसे (dual vocative)
पायसानि (plural vocative)
पायसा1 (plural vocative)
पायसम् (accusative singular)
पायसे (accusative dual)
पायसानि (accusative plural)
पायसा1 (accusative plural)
पायसेन (instrumental singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायसैः (instrumental plural)
पायसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पायसाय (dative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (dative plural)
पायसात् (ablative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायसस्य (genitive singular)
पायसयोः (dual genitive)
पायसानाम् (genitive plural)
पायसे (locative singular)
पायसयोः (dual locative)
पायसेषु (locative plural)

Vṛddhi derivative of पयस् (páyas, “milk”).


पायस

pā́yasa (romanization)
पायसम् (nominative singular)
पायसे (dual nominative)
पायसानि (nominative plural)
पायसा1 (nominative plural)
पायस (singular vocative)
पायसे (dual vocative)
पायसानि (plural vocative)
पायसा1 (plural vocative)
पायसम् (accusative singular)
पायसे (accusative dual)
पायसानि (accusative plural)
पायसा1 (accusative plural)
पायसेन (instrumental singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायसैः (instrumental plural)
पायसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पायसाय (dative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (dative plural)
पायसात् (ablative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायसस्य (genitive singular)
पायसयोः (dual genitive)
पायसानाम् (genitive plural)
पायसे (locative singular)
पायसयोः (dual locative)
पायसेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පයස් (payas)

Khasa Prakrit:

Garhwali: पाइस (pāis)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀬𑀲 (pāyasa)

Assamese: পাহ (pah)

⇒ Assamese: পাহ-ভাত (pah-bhat)

Pali: pāyasa, pāyāsa

→ Assamese: পায়স (payox) (learned)

desc

→ Bengali: পায়স (paẏoś), পায়েস (paẏes) (learned)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पायस (pāyas) (learned)

Urdu: پایس (pāyas) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಪಾಯಸ (pāyasa) (learned)

→ Konkani: पायस (pāyas) (learned)

→ Malayalam: പായസം (pāyasaṁ) (learned)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠄꠡ (faeś) (learned) (probably through Bengali)

→ Tamil: பாயசம் (pāyacam) (learned)

→ Telugu: పాయసం (pāyasaṁ) (learned)

पायसापिण्डारक

a monk or mendicant surviving on milk-derived products such as boiled rice

मां केवालानां पायसां प्रसूतिम प्रसन्नां कामदुघां अवेहि न

As a mere (cow) producer or milk you ought to know me not, but as a granter of any desired thing if (I am) being pleased

māṃ kevālānāṃ pāyasāṃ prasūtima prasannāṃ kāmadughāṃ avehi na

food prepared with milk, especially boiled rice

Pinus Longifolia
Pinus Longifolia#Translingual


कासते

sa-verb

कासते • (kā́sate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, root कास्)

kā́sate (romanization)
कास् (root)
कासते (present)
कासते (indicative singular third-person)
कासेते (dual indicative third-person)
कासन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
काससे (indicative second-person singular)
कासेथे (dual indicative second-person)
कासध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
कासे (first-person indicative singular)
कासावहे (dual first-person indicative)
कासामहे (first-person indicative plural)
कासताम् (imperative singular third-person)
कासेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
कासन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
कासस्व (imperative second-person singular)
कासेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
कासध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
कासै (first-person imperative singular)
कासावहै (dual first-person imperative)
कासामहै (first-person imperative plural)
कासेत (imperative singular third-person)
कासेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
कासेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
कासेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
कासेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
कासेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
कासेय (first-person imperative singular)
कासेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
कासेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
कासाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
कासातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
कासैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
कासन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
कासान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
कासासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
कासासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
कासैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
कासाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
कासै (first-person singular subjunctive)
कासावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
कासामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
कासमान (participle)
अकासत (imperfect)
अकासत (indicative singular third-person)
अकासेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अकासन्त (indicative plural third-person)
अकासथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अकासेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अकासध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अकासे (first-person indicative singular)
अकासावहि (dual first-person indicative)
अकासामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Dardic:

Phalura:

Perso-Arabic: کُھوسی

Latin: khuusíi

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀇 (kāsaï)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কাহা (kaha)

Bengali: কাশা (kaśa)

Odia: କାଶିବା (kāśibā)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކެއްސަނީ (kessanī)

Sinhalese: කහිනවා (kahinawā)

desc

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀲-𑀮-𑀇 (*kāsa-la-i)

q

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">-𑀮-</i> (-la-)

Old Marathi: kāsaḷaṇē (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮- (-la-))

Devanagari script: कासळणे

Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘯𑘜𑘹

with onomatopoeic <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">𑀔</i> (kha)

Prakrit: 𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀇 (khāsaï) (with onomatopoeic 𑀔 (kha))

Central:

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani: khā̃snā

desc

Hindi: खाँसना

Hindi: खाँसना

Urdu: کھان٘سْنا (khā̃snā)

Urdu: کھان٘سْنا (khā̃snā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: ખાંસવું (khā̃svũ)

Marwari: खांसणौ (khānsṇau)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHsatay, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.


संसिद्धि

[s̪ɐ̃ˈs̪id̪̚.d̪ʱi]

From सम्- (sam-) + सिद्धि (siddhi, “success, perfection”).

pre

स्वे स्वे कर्मण्यभिरतः संसिद्धिं लभते नरः

when each one is devoted to his own deed acquires man perfection

sve sve karmaṇyabhirataḥ saṃsiddhiṃ labhate naraḥ


जव

jáva (romanization)
जवः (nominative singular)
जवौ (dual nominative)
जवा1 (dual nominative)
जवाः (nominative plural)
जवासः1 (nominative plural)
जव (singular vocative)
जवौ (dual vocative)
जवा1 (dual vocative)
जवाः (plural vocative)
जवासः1 (plural vocative)
जवम् (accusative singular)
जवौ (accusative dual)
जवा1 (accusative dual)
जवान् (accusative plural)
जवेन (instrumental singular)
जवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जवैः (instrumental plural)
जवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जवाय (dative singular)
जवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जवेभ्यः (dative plural)
जवात् (ablative singular)
जवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जवस्य (genitive singular)
जवयोः (dual genitive)
जवानाम् (genitive plural)
जवे (locative singular)
जवयोः (dual locative)
जवेषु (locative plural)

Tamil: சவம் (cavam)

Pali: java

हृदा तष्टेषु मनसो जवेषु

impulse of the mind (Vedic, only in the plural)


गत

sa-part

गत • (gatá) past passive participle (root गम्)

Dardic:

Shina: گٗو (gōu)

Gandhari: 𐨒𐨡 (gada)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀟 (gaḍa), 𑀕𑀬 (gaya)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀅 (gaa)

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀇𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀅 (gaïllaa)

Konkani: गेल्लो (gello)

Old Marathi: 𑘐𑘹𑘩𑘹𑘽 (geleṃ)

Marathi: गेले (gele)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: giā

Punjabi: ਗਿਆ (giā)

Punjabi: گِا

Pali: gata

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀬 (gaya)

Gujarati: ગયો (gayo)

Hindustani:

Hindi: गया (gayā)

Urdu: گیا (gaya, gyā, gīa)

Romani: gelo

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gatás (“gone”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥tós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬙𐬀 (gata), Latin ventum, Ancient Greek βατός (batós).


गत

gatá (romanization)
गतः (nominative singular)
गतौ (dual nominative)
गता1 (dual nominative)
गताः (nominative plural)
गतासः1 (nominative plural)
गत (singular vocative)
गतौ (dual vocative)
गता1 (dual vocative)
गताः (plural vocative)
गतासः1 (plural vocative)
गतम् (accusative singular)
गतौ (accusative dual)
गता1 (accusative dual)
गतान् (accusative plural)
गतेन (instrumental singular)
गताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गतैः (instrumental plural)
गतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गताय (dative singular)
गताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गतेभ्यः (dative plural)
गतात् (ablative singular)
गताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गतस्य (genitive singular)
गतयोः (dual genitive)
गतानाम् (genitive plural)
गते (locative singular)
गतयोः (dual locative)
गतेषु (locative plural)
गता (nominative singular)
गते (dual nominative)
गताः (nominative plural)
गते (singular vocative)
गते (dual vocative)
गताः (plural vocative)
गताम् (accusative singular)
गते (accusative dual)
गताः (accusative plural)
गतया (instrumental singular)
गता1 (instrumental singular)
गताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गताभिः (instrumental plural)
गतायै (dative singular)
गताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गताभ्यः (dative plural)
गतायाः (ablative singular)
गतायै2 (ablative singular)
गताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गताभ्यः (ablative plural)
गतायाः (genitive singular)
गतायै2 (genitive singular)
गतयोः (dual genitive)
गतानाम् (genitive plural)
गतायाम् (locative singular)
गतयोः (dual locative)
गतासु (locative plural)
गतम् (nominative singular)
गते (dual nominative)
गतानि (nominative plural)
गता1 (nominative plural)
गत (singular vocative)
गते (dual vocative)
गतानि (plural vocative)
गता1 (plural vocative)
गतम् (accusative singular)
गते (accusative dual)
गतानि (accusative plural)
गता1 (accusative plural)
गतेन (instrumental singular)
गताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गतैः (instrumental plural)
गतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गताय (dative singular)
गताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गतेभ्यः (dative plural)
गतात् (ablative singular)
गताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गतस्य (genitive singular)
गतयोः (dual genitive)
गतानाम् (genitive plural)
गते (locative singular)
गतयोः (dual locative)
गतेषु (locative plural)


एधस्

édhas (romanization)
एधः (nominative singular)
एधसी (dual nominative)
एधांसि (nominative plural)
एधः (singular vocative)
एधसी (dual vocative)
एधांसि (plural vocative)
एधः (accusative singular)
एधसी (accusative dual)
एधांसि (accusative plural)
एधसा (instrumental singular)
एधोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एधोभिः (instrumental plural)
एधसे (dative singular)
एधोभ्याम् (dative dual)
एधोभ्यः (dative plural)
एधसः (ablative singular)
एधोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एधोभ्यः (ablative plural)
एधसः (genitive singular)
एधसोः (dual genitive)
एधसाम् (genitive plural)
एधसि (locative singular)
एधसोः (dual locative)
एधःसु (locative plural)

/ˈeː.d̪ʱɐs̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-os, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, fire”). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἶθος (aîthos).

एधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुते

Combustibles are by fires alight turned into ashes


किल

head

किल • (kíla)

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 4.14.14


आयतन

Hindi: आयतन (āytan)

Pali: आयतन (āyatana)

→ Tocharian B: āyataṃ

→ Tocharian B: āraṇyāyataṃ

आ (ā́-, “in”, preverb) + यत् (yat, “to be/put in place”, root) + -अन (-ana-, suffix denoting location), compare the verb आयतति (āyatati, “to enter into”).

compound

house, home, seat, support, or resting place

the five senses and the मनस् (mánas-, “mind”) and the objects they perceive


दूर्वा

dū́rvā (romanization)
दूर्वा (nominative singular)
दूर्वे (dual nominative)
दूर्वाः (nominative plural)
दूर्वे (singular vocative)
दूर्वे (dual vocative)
दूर्वाः (plural vocative)
दूर्वाम् (accusative singular)
दूर्वे (accusative dual)
दूर्वाः (accusative plural)
दूर्वया (instrumental singular)
दूर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूर्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
दूर्वायै (dative singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूर्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
दूर्वायाः (ablative singular)
दूर्वायै2 (ablative singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूर्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूर्वायाः (genitive singular)
दूर्वायै2 (genitive singular)
दूर्वयोः (dual genitive)
दूर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
दूर्वायाम् (locative singular)
दूर्वयोः (dual locative)
दूर्वासु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਦੁੱਭ (dubbha)

Bengali: দুবলো (dubolō), দূর্বা (durba)

→ Kannada: ದೂರ್ವೆ (dūrve)

/ˈd̪uːɾ.ʋɑː/

From Proto-Indo-European *dŕ̥H-weh₂ (“grass”). Cognate with Welsh drewg (“darnel”), Lithuanian dirvà (“field”), Breton draok (“darnel”), English tare. Compare also Latin dravoca (“darnel, cockle”), a Gaulish borrowing.

आयने ते परायणे दूर्वा रोहन्तु पुष्पिणीः ।
āyane te parāyaṇe dūrvā rohantu puṣpiṇīḥ.

On thy way hitherward and hence let flowery Durva grass spring up

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon#Translingual

panicgrass (Panicum spp.); Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon); bentgrass (Agrostis spp.)


फलक

phalaka (romanization)
फलकम् (nominative singular)
फलके (dual nominative)
फलकानि (nominative plural)
फलका1 (nominative plural)
फलक (singular vocative)
फलके (dual vocative)
फलकानि (plural vocative)
फलका1 (plural vocative)
फलकम् (accusative singular)
फलके (accusative dual)
फलकानि (accusative plural)
फलका1 (accusative plural)
फलकेन (instrumental singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फलकैः (instrumental plural)
फलकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फलकाय (dative singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
फलकात् (ablative singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फलकस्य (genitive singular)
फलकयोः (dual genitive)
फलकानाम् (genitive plural)
फलके (locative singular)
फलकयोः (dual locative)
फलकेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: ফলক (pholok)

→ Hindi: फलक (phalak)

Pali: phalaka

the stand on which a monk keeps his turban


एला

elā (romanization)
एला (nominative singular)
एले (dual nominative)
एलाः (nominative plural)
एले (singular vocative)
एले (dual vocative)
एलाः (plural vocative)
एलाम् (accusative singular)
एले (accusative dual)
एलाः (accusative plural)
एलया (instrumental singular)
एलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एलाभिः (instrumental plural)
एलायै (dative singular)
एलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एलाभ्यः (dative plural)
एलायाः (ablative singular)
एलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
एलायाः (genitive singular)
एलयोः (dual genitive)
एलानाम् (genitive plural)
एलायाम् (locative singular)
एलयोः (dual locative)
एलासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of एला

Konkani: एळु (ailu), येळु (yelu)

Kashmiri: ٲل (ạ̄l), ॴल (ạ̄l)

Bengali: এলা (ela)

Gujarati: લીલા (līlā)

Old Marathi: एळा (eḷā), वेळा (veḷā)

Marathi: एळा (eḷā), वेळा (veḷā)

Newar: एला (elā)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠧᠯᠡ (ēle)

→ Pashto: اېل (el)

→ Persian: هل (hel)

→ Tibetan: ཨེ་ལ (e la)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *ēla (“cardamom”). Compare also Tamil ஏலம் (ēlam), Malayalam ഏലം (ēlaṁ) and Telugu ఏల (ēla).


यच्छति

sa-verb

यच्छति • (yácchati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type UP, root यम्)

yácchati (romanization)
यम् (root)
यच्छति (present)
यच्छते (present)
यच्छति (active indicative singular third-person)
यच्छतः (active dual indicative third-person)
यच्छन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
यच्छते (indicative singular third-person)
यच्छेते (dual indicative third-person)
यच्छन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
यच्छसि (active indicative second-person singular)
यच्छथः (active dual indicative second-person)
यच्छथ (active indicative plural second-person)
यच्छसे (indicative second-person singular)
यच्छेथे (dual indicative second-person)
यच्छध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
यच्छामि (active first-person indicative singular)
यच्छावः (active dual first-person indicative)
यच्छामः (active first-person indicative plural)
यच्छामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
यच्छे (first-person indicative singular)
यच्छावहे (dual first-person indicative)
यच्छामहे (first-person indicative plural)
यच्छतु (active imperative singular third-person)
यच्छताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
यच्छन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
यच्छताम् (imperative singular third-person)
यच्छेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
यच्छन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
यच्छ (active imperative second-person singular)
यच्छतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
यच्छत (active imperative plural second-person)
यच्छस्व (imperative second-person singular)
यच्छेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
यच्छध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
यच्छानि (active first-person imperative singular)
यच्छाव (active dual first-person imperative)
यच्छाम (active first-person imperative plural)
यच्छै (first-person imperative singular)
यच्छावहै (dual first-person imperative)
यच्छामहै (first-person imperative plural)
यच्छेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
यच्छेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
यच्छेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
यच्छेत (imperative singular third-person)
यच्छेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
यच्छेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
यच्छेः (active imperative second-person singular)
यच्छेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
यच्छेत (active imperative plural second-person)
यच्छेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
यच्छेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
यच्छेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
यच्छेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
यच्छेव (active dual first-person imperative)
यच्छेम (active first-person imperative plural)
यच्छेय (first-person imperative singular)
यच्छेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
यच्छेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
यच्छात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
यच्छाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
यच्छातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
यच्छान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
यच्छाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
यच्छातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
यच्छैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
यच्छन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
यच्छान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
यच्छाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
यच्छाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
यच्छासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
यच्छाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
यच्छानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
यच्छाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
यच्छै (first-person singular subjunctive)
यच्छावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
यच्छामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
यच्छत् (active participle)
यच्छमान (participle)
अयच्छत् (imperfect)
अयच्छत (imperfect)
अयच्छत् (active indicative singular third-person)
अयच्छताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अयच्छन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अयच्छत (indicative singular third-person)
अयच्छेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अयच्छन्त (indicative plural third-person)
अयच्छः (active indicative second-person singular)
अयच्छतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अयच्छत (active indicative plural second-person)
अयच्छथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अयच्छेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अयच्छध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अयच्छम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अयच्छाव (active dual first-person indicative)
अयच्छाम (active first-person indicative plural)
अयच्छे (first-person indicative singular)
अयच्छावहि (dual first-person indicative)
अयच्छामहि (first-person indicative plural)

[ˈjɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yasćáti, from the root *yam- (“to hold”), from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yasaⁱti, “to hold”).


-अन

-ana (romanization)
-अनः (nominative singular)
-अनौ (dual nominative)
-अना1 (dual nominative)
-अनाः (nominative plural)
-अनासः1 (nominative plural)
-अन (singular vocative)
-अनौ (dual vocative)
-अना1 (dual vocative)
-अनाः (plural vocative)
-अनासः1 (plural vocative)
-अनम् (accusative singular)
-अनौ (accusative dual)
-अना1 (accusative dual)
-अनान् (accusative plural)
-अनेन (instrumental singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-अनैः (instrumental plural)
-अनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-अनाय (dative singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
-अनेभ्यः (dative plural)
-अनात् (ablative singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-अनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
-अनस्य (genitive singular)
-अनयोः (dual genitive)
-अनानाम् (genitive plural)
-अने (locative singular)
-अनयोः (dual locative)
-अनेषु (locative plural)
-अनम् (nominative singular)
-अने (dual nominative)
-अनानि (nominative plural)
-अना1 (nominative plural)
-अन (singular vocative)
-अने (dual vocative)
-अनानि (plural vocative)
-अना1 (plural vocative)
-अनम् (accusative singular)
-अने (accusative dual)
-अनानि (accusative plural)
-अना1 (accusative plural)
-अनेन (instrumental singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
-अनैः (instrumental plural)
-अनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
-अनाय (dative singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
-अनेभ्यः (dative plural)
-अनात् (ablative singular)
-अनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
-अनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
-अनस्य (genitive singular)
-अनयोः (dual genitive)
-अनानाम् (genitive plural)
-अने (locative singular)
-अनयोः (dual locative)
-अनेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: -𑀅𑀡 (-aṇa)

Bengali: -না (-na), -অনা (-ona)

Hindi: -ना (-nā)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Sanskrit -अन (-ana)
From Proto-Indo-European *-onom, from:
* *-o- (thematic vowel) + *-nom (verbal noun suffix), cognate with Proto-Germanic *-aną
* *-on- (agent noun suffix) + *-o-s/m.

etymon

सम् + गम् (sam + gam, “to gather”) + -अन (-ana) → संगमन (saṃgamana, “gatherer”)

दृप् (dṛp, “to become/make proud”) + -अन (-ana) → दर्पण (darpaṇa, “mirror < proud-maker”)

कृ (kṛ, “to do, make”) + -अन (-ana) → करण (karaṇa, “(act of) doing”)

मृ (mṛ, “to die”) + -अन (-ana) → मरण (maraṇa, “death”)

forms neuter nouns denoting
verbal abstracta

ईक्ष् (īkṣ, “to observe”) + -अन (-ana) → ईक्षण (īkṣaṇa, “eye”)

वस् (vas, “to dress”) + -अन (-ana) → वसन (vasana, “garment”)

स्कम्भ् (skambh, “to support”) + -अन (-ana) → स्कम्भन (skambhana, “pillar”)

forms neuter nouns denoting
tool or means

स्था (sthā, “to stand”) + -अन (-ana) → स्थान (sthāna, “place”)

यज् (yaj, “to sacrifice”) + -अन (-ana) → यजन (yajana, “sacrificial site”)