विश्व

víśva (romanization)
विश्वः (nominative singular)
विश्वौ (dual nominative)
विश्वा1 (dual nominative)
विश्वे (nominative plural)
विश्व (singular vocative)
विश्वौ (dual vocative)
विश्वा1 (dual vocative)
विश्वे (plural vocative)
विश्वम् (accusative singular)
विश्वौ (accusative dual)
विश्वा1 (accusative dual)
विश्वान् (accusative plural)
विश्वेन (instrumental singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विश्वैः (instrumental plural)
विश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विश्वस्मै (dative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
विश्वस्मात् (ablative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विश्वस्य (genitive singular)
विश्वयोः (dual genitive)
विश्वेषाम् (genitive plural)
विश्वस्मिन् (locative singular)
विश्वयोः (dual locative)
विश्वेषु (locative plural)
विश्वा (nominative singular)
विश्वे (dual nominative)
विश्वाः (nominative plural)
विश्वे (singular vocative)
विश्वे (dual vocative)
विश्वाः (plural vocative)
विश्वाम् (accusative singular)
विश्वे (accusative dual)
विश्वाः (accusative plural)
विश्वया (instrumental singular)
विश्वा1 (instrumental singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विश्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
विश्वस्यै (dative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विश्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
विश्वस्याः (ablative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विश्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
विश्वस्याः (genitive singular)
विश्वयोः (dual genitive)
विश्वासाम् (genitive plural)
विश्वस्याम् (locative singular)
विश्वयोः (dual locative)
विश्वासु (locative plural)
विश्वम् (nominative singular)
विश्वे (dual nominative)
विश्वानि (nominative plural)
विश्वा1 (nominative plural)
विश्व (singular vocative)
विश्वे (dual vocative)
विश्वानि (plural vocative)
विश्वा1 (plural vocative)
विश्वम् (accusative singular)
विश्वे (accusative dual)
विश्वानि (accusative plural)
विश्वा1 (accusative plural)
विश्वेन (instrumental singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विश्वैः (instrumental plural)
विश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विश्वस्मै (dative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
विश्वस्मात् (ablative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विश्वस्य (genitive singular)
विश्वयोः (dual genitive)
विश्वेषाम् (genitive plural)
विश्वस्मिन् (locative singular)
विश्वयोः (dual locative)
विश्वेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wíćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)wiḱ-wo-s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (vīspa), Old Persian 𐎻𐎿 (vi-s /visa/), Proto-Slavic *vьśь (“all”).

all, every, every one; whole, entire, universal

all-pervading or all-containing, omnipresent


विश्व

víśva (romanization)
विश्वम् (nominative singular)
विश्वे (dual nominative)
विश्वानि (nominative plural)
विश्वा1 (nominative plural)
विश्व (singular vocative)
विश्वे (dual vocative)
विश्वानि (plural vocative)
विश्वा1 (plural vocative)
विश्वम् (accusative singular)
विश्वे (accusative dual)
विश्वानि (accusative plural)
विश्वा1 (accusative plural)
विश्वेन (instrumental singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विश्वैः (instrumental plural)
विश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विश्वाय (dative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
विश्वात् (ablative singular)
विश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विश्वस्य (genitive singular)
विश्वयोः (dual genitive)
विश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
विश्वे (locative singular)
विश्वयोः (dual locative)
विश्वेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: বিশ্ব (biśśo) (learned)

→ Hindi: विश्व (viśva) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਵਿਸ਼ਵ (viśva) (learned)

→ Marathi: विश्व (viśva) (learned)

→ Nepali: विश्व (viśwa) (learned)

→ Telugu: విశ్వము (viśvamu)

the whole world, universe (Atharvaveda etc.)


आ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *at (whence English at) and Latin ad. The final *d in the Proto-Indo-European term regularly alternated with *h₁, the latter appearing before certain consonants originally. Indo-Iranian languages generalized the form ending in *h₁ and other fellow Indo-European languages generalized the form ending in *d.


आ

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

With senses determined by the accusative case:

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

With senses determined by the ablative case:

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


आ

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

វិមទ*យន្តិយេភូមី*
ទាសាន្ទេវស្យបាបី*នះ
តេសវ្វ៌នរកេយាន្តុ
យាតនាមាភវក្ឞយាត៑ ៕
* Read ទ, មី and បី as ទ៌, មិ and បិ.

900-1100 AD; copied later, Arlo Griffiths, Kunthea Chhom, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies, volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:

May the evil ones who disturb the land and servants of the god undergo torment in every hell until the end of existence.

vimardayanti ye bhūmi
dāsāndevasya pāpinaḥ
te sarvvanarake yāntu
yātanām ā bhavakṣayāt· ॥

With senses determined by the ablative case

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


आ

एका॑चेत॒त्सर॑स्वती न॒दीनां॒ शुचि॑र्य॒ती गि॒रिभ्य॒ आ स॑मु॒द्रात्।
रा॒यश्चेत॑न्ती॒ भुव॑नस्य॒ भूरे॑र्घृ॒तं पयो॑ दुदुहे॒ नाहु॑षाय॥
ékācetatsárasvatī nadī́nāṃ śúciryatī́ giríbhya ā́ samudrā́t.
rāyáścétantī bhúvanasya bhū́rerghṛtáṃ páyo duduhe nā́huṣāya.

Sarasvatī, chief and pure of rivers, flowing from the mountains to the ocean understood the request of Nahuṣa, and distributing riches among the many existing beings, milked for him butter and water.

(+(X)ablative ā́ +(Y)ablative) from (X) to (Y)


अ

The first vowel of Sanskrit, written in the Devanagari script. Inherent after consonants.


अ

अ अनन्त ― A Ananta ― O Vishnu!


अ

a (romanization)
अः (nominative singular)
औ (dual nominative)
आः (nominative plural)
अ (singular vocative)
औ (dual vocative)
आः (plural vocative)
अम् (accusative singular)
औ (accusative dual)
आन् (accusative plural)
एन (instrumental singular)
आभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऐः (instrumental plural)
आय (dative singular)
आभ्याम् (dative dual)
एभ्यः (dative plural)
आत् (ablative singular)
आभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्य (genitive singular)
अयोः (dual genitive)
आनाम् (genitive plural)
ए (locative singular)
अयोः (dual locative)
एसु (locative plural)


ठ

An imitative sound, as of a metallic jar rolling down steps

A place resorted to or held sacred by all


द

da (romanization)
दः (nominative singular)
दौ (dual nominative)
दा1 (dual nominative)
दाः (nominative plural)
दासः1 (nominative plural)
द (singular vocative)
दौ (dual vocative)
दा1 (dual vocative)
दाः (plural vocative)
दासः1 (plural vocative)
दम् (accusative singular)
दौ (accusative dual)
दा1 (accusative dual)
दान् (accusative plural)
देन (instrumental singular)
दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दैः (instrumental plural)
देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दाय (dative singular)
दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देभ्यः (dative plural)
दात् (ablative singular)
दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देभ्यः (ablative plural)
दस्य (genitive singular)
दयोः (dual genitive)
दानाम् (genitive plural)
दे (locative singular)
दयोः (dual locative)
देषु (locative plural)
दाः (nominative singular)
दौ (dual nominative)
दा1 (dual nominative)
दाः (nominative plural)
दाः (singular vocative)
दौ (dual vocative)
दा1 (dual vocative)
दाः (plural vocative)
दाम् (accusative singular)
दौ (accusative dual)
दा1 (accusative dual)
दाः (accusative plural)
दः2 (accusative plural)
दा (instrumental singular)
दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दाभिः (instrumental plural)
दे (dative singular)
दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दाभ्यः (dative plural)
दः (ablative singular)
दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दः (genitive singular)
दोः (dual genitive)
दानाम् (genitive plural)
दाम्2 (genitive plural)
दि (locative singular)
दोः (dual locative)
दासु (locative plural)
दम् (nominative singular)
दे (dual nominative)
दानि (nominative plural)
दा1 (nominative plural)
द (singular vocative)
दे (dual vocative)
दानि (plural vocative)
दा1 (plural vocative)
दम् (accusative singular)
दे (accusative dual)
दानि (accusative plural)
दा1 (accusative plural)
देन (instrumental singular)
दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दैः (instrumental plural)
देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दाय (dative singular)
दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देभ्यः (dative plural)
दात् (ablative singular)
दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देभ्यः (ablative plural)
दस्य (genitive singular)
दयोः (dual genitive)
दानाम् (genitive plural)
दे (locative singular)
दयोः (dual locative)
देषु (locative plural)

From the root दा (dā, “to give”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-.

giving, granting, effecting (used in compounds)


ख

kha (romanization)
खम् (nominative singular)
खे (dual nominative)
खानि (nominative plural)
खा1 (nominative plural)
ख (singular vocative)
खे (dual vocative)
खानि (plural vocative)
खा1 (plural vocative)
खम् (accusative singular)
खे (accusative dual)
खानि (accusative plural)
खा1 (accusative plural)
खेन (instrumental singular)
खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खैः (instrumental plural)
खेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खाय (dative singular)
खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खेभ्यः (dative plural)
खात् (ablative singular)
खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खस्य (genitive singular)
खयोः (dual genitive)
खानाम् (genitive plural)
खे (locative singular)
खयोः (dual locative)
खेषु (locative plural)


ख

The second consonant of the Devanagari script


घ

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰe. Cognate to Ancient Greek γε (ge).


ड

Imitative; alternatively, short for डमरू "rattle drum".


ऋ

Merged from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“stir, move”) and *h₁er- (“to move, go”); the former is cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmĭ, “to set upon; to arouse”) and Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, “to rise, awake”), while the latter is cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”) and Albanian erdha (“to have come, originated”) (via a derivative *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move”)).

cog

to obtain, gain, acquire, reach, meet with

to move, excite, raise (as voice, words, etc.)

to throw, cast, fling; fix or implant in

to put or place on, fix upon, direct or cast towards (as the eye, etc.); to insert, give, set, or place

to hand over; give to, give in charge of, consign, deliver


च

Kalasha: že

Pali: ca

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *-ća, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ča, from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬗𐬀 (ca), Old Persian -𐎨𐎠 (-c-a /cā/), Latin -que, Ancient Greek τε (te), Gothic -𐌿𐌷 (-uh).

अविर् अश्वाश् च


न

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né. Cognate with Latin ne, English no.


न

Dardic:

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (na)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (na)

Kalami: [script needed] (na)

desc

Khowar: [script needed] (na), [script needed] (no)

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: نَہ (na), نا (nā), نہٕ (nụ)

Devanagari script: न (na), ना (nā), नॖ (nụ)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (na)

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (na)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (na)

Phalura: [script needed] (na)

Shina: [script needed] (na)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (na)

Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (na)

Tirahi: [script needed] (nā)

Torwali: [script needed] (na)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (na)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނަ (na)

Sinhalese: න (na)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)

Assamese: না (na)

Bengali: না (na)

Bihari: ना (nā)

Bhojpuri: ना (nā)

Maithili: ना (nā)

Odia: ନା (nā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)

Konkani: ना (nā)

Marathi: ना (nā)

Pali: na

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡 (ṇa), 𑀡𑀸 (ṇā)

Garhwali: ना (nā)

Gujarati: ના (nā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: न (na, “don't”), ना (nā, “don't”)

Urdu: نہ (na, “don't”), نا (nā, “no”)

Kumaoni: न (na)

Marwari: ना (nā)

Nepali: न (na)

Punjabi: ਨਾ (nā)

Romani: na

Sindhi: न (na)

सा वस्वी॑ न अ॑स्ति॥

(when used with an interrogative) no, not, none, no one, nothing, never, etc.

(with repetition) absolutely, very much, unequivocally


ङ

→ Malayalam: ങൻ (ṅaṉ)


क

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀 (ka), Ancient Greek ποῖος (poîos), Latin quis, Old English hwā (whence English who).

सः कः?

एषः कः?


क

ka (romanization)
कः (nominative singular)
कौ (dual nominative)
का1 (dual nominative)
काः (nominative plural)
कासः1 (nominative plural)
क (singular vocative)
कौ (dual vocative)
का1 (dual vocative)
काः (plural vocative)
कासः1 (plural vocative)
कम् (accusative singular)
कौ (accusative dual)
का1 (accusative dual)
कान् (accusative plural)
केन (instrumental singular)
काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कैः (instrumental plural)
केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काय (dative singular)
काभ्याम् (dative dual)
केभ्यः (dative plural)
कात् (ablative singular)
काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केभ्यः (ablative plural)
कस्य (genitive singular)
कयोः (dual genitive)
कानाम् (genitive plural)
के (locative singular)
कयोः (dual locative)
केषु (locative plural)

प्रजापति प्रजापति#Sanskrit

ब्रह्मन् ब्रह्मन्#Sanskrit

विष्णु विष्णु#Sanskrit

कामग्रन्थि कामग्रन्थि#Sanskrit


क

ka (romanization)
कम् (nominative singular)
के (dual nominative)
कानि (nominative plural)
का1 (nominative plural)
क (singular vocative)
के (dual vocative)
कानि (plural vocative)
का1 (plural vocative)
कम् (accusative singular)
के (accusative dual)
कानि (accusative plural)
का1 (accusative plural)
केन (instrumental singular)
काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कैः (instrumental plural)
केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काय (dative singular)
काभ्याम् (dative dual)
केभ्यः (dative plural)
कात् (ablative singular)
काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केभ्यः (ablative plural)
कस्य (genitive singular)
कयोः (dual genitive)
कानाम् (genitive plural)
के (locative singular)
कयोः (dual locative)
केषु (locative plural)

From कम् (kam, “to wish, desire, love”).


इ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hay-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate with Ancient Greek εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀂𐀍𐀳 (i-jo-te), Old Persian 𐎠𐎡𐎫𐎡𐎹 (aitiy, “goes”), Luwian 𒄿𒋾 (i-ti /iti, idi/, “goes”), Hittite 𒄿𒄿𒀀𒀜𒋫 (i-ya-at-ta /iyatta/, “goes”), Old Church Slavonic ити (iti), Lithuanian eiti, and Latin eo, iter whence English itinerary.

cog

अधी

to turn the mind towards, to mind, know by heart, go over

ए

come near, approach; reach, attain; submit

प्रे

come forth, appear; begin; proceed, advance; go forwards; go out


इ

From Proto-Indo-European *éy. See also अयम् (ayam).

demonstrative pronoun
demonstrative pronoun

base of the nominative and accusative singular dual and plural of the demonstrative pronoun इदम् (idam), ‘this’ or ‘that’


ज

já (romanization)
जः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जासः1 (nominative plural)
ज (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जासः1 (plural vocative)
जम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जान् (accusative plural)
जेन (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जैः (instrumental plural)
जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाय (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जेभ्यः (dative plural)
जात् (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जस्य (genitive singular)
जयोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जे (locative singular)
जयोः (dual locative)
जेषु (locative plural)
जाः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जाः (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जाम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जाः (accusative plural)
जः2 (accusative plural)
जा (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाभिः (instrumental plural)
जे (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाभ्यः (dative plural)
जः (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जः (genitive singular)
जोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जाम्2 (genitive plural)
जि (locative singular)
जोः (dual locative)
जासु (locative plural)
जम् (nominative singular)
जे (dual nominative)
जानि (nominative plural)
जा1 (nominative plural)
ज (singular vocative)
जे (dual vocative)
जानि (plural vocative)
जा1 (plural vocative)
जम् (accusative singular)
जे (accusative dual)
जानि (accusative plural)
जा1 (accusative plural)
जेन (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जैः (instrumental plural)
जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाय (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जेभ्यः (dative plural)
जात् (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जस्य (genitive singular)
जयोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जे (locative singular)
जयोः (dual locative)
जेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”).

der

(at the end of a compound) born, begotten, gotten from; produced or caused by; born or produced in or at or upon; growing in; living at

अग्रज (ágra-já)

अनुज (ánu-já)

अवरज (ávara-já)

अवरज (éka-já)

द्विज (dvi-já)

निज (ni-já)

पूर्वज (pū́rva-já)

first-born, elder; born or produced before or formerly, former, ancestor

प्रथमज (prathamá-já) — firstborn, a firstling

सहज (sahá-já)

born or produced together or at the same time as

साकंज (sākaṃ-já)

(after an adverb or adverbial word) born or produced

अनूपज (anūpá-ja)

अन्नज (anna-ja)

springing from or occasioned by food, foodborne

शक्रज (śakrá-ja) — Indra-born

सार्थज (sā-rtha-ja)

belonging to, connected with, peculiar to; borne


ज

já (romanization)
जः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जासः1 (nominative plural)
ज (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जासः1 (plural vocative)
जम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जान् (accusative plural)
जेन (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जैः (instrumental plural)
जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जाय (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जेभ्यः (dative plural)
जात् (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जस्य (genitive singular)
जयोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जे (locative singular)
जयोः (dual locative)
जेषु (locative plural)


ज

पिशाच पिशाच#Sanskrit

a पिशाच (piśāca, “fiend, ogre, demon, imp, malevolent or devilish being”)


कमल

kamala (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kamala

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑀮 (kamala)

Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑀴 (kamaḷa)

→ Braj: कमल (kamal)

→ English: Kamala

→ Hindustani: kamal

Hindi: कमल

Urdu: کَمَل

→ Old Marathi: kamala

Devanagari script: कमल

Modi script: 𑘎𑘦𑘩

desctree

→ Old Tamil: 𑀓𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆 (kamalam)
Tamil: கமலம் (kamalam)

→ Telugu: కమల (kamala)

⇒ Telugu: కమలము (kamalamu)

→ Thai: กมล (gà-mon)

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕೊಮಳೆ (komaḷe, “lotus”). Related to कुवलय (kuvalaya, “water lily”), borrowed from a different Dravidian form of the same root; compare Tamil குவளை (kuvaḷai, “blue lotus”).

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual

a lotus, lotus flower (especially the species Nelumbo nucifera)


कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


कमल

If the meaning is correct, from कम् (kam, “to desire, love”).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: desirous, lustful


नाम

sa-noun form

नाम • (nā́ma) n

नामन् नामन्#Sanskrit

नामन् नामन्#Sanskrit

नामन् नामन्#Sanskrit

नामन् नामन्#Sanskrit


साम्य

sāmya (romanization)
साम्यम् (nominative singular)
साम्ये (dual nominative)
साम्यानि (nominative plural)
साम्य (singular vocative)
साम्ये (dual vocative)
साम्यानि (plural vocative)
साम्यम् (accusative singular)
साम्ये (accusative dual)
साम्यानि (accusative plural)
साम्येन (instrumental singular)
साम्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
साम्यैः (instrumental plural)
साम्याय (dative singular)
साम्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
साम्येभ्यः (dative plural)
साम्यात् (ablative singular)
साम्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
साम्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
साम्यस्य (genitive singular)
साम्ययोः (dual genitive)
साम्यानाम् (genitive plural)
साम्ये (locative singular)
साम्ययोः (dual locative)
साम्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">साम्य</i>

साम्याभ्याम्

साम्याभ्याम्

साम्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

साम्याभ्याम्

साम्याभ्याम्

साम्याभ्याम्

Ultimately Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”) (root *sem(H)- (“whole; one, single; together”)) + *-yos.

equality, evenness, equilibrium, equipoise, equal or normal state

equability towards (+locative or prati), impartiality, indifference


बुद्ध

sa-part

बुद्ध • (buddha) past passive participle (root बुध्)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *buddʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰtós (“awake, aware”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυστός (pustós), Avestan 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀 (busta). By surface analysis, बुध् (budh, root) + -त (-ta).
This is one of the main examples of Bartholomae's law.


बुद्ध

buddhá (romanization)
बुद्धः (nominative singular)
बुद्धौ (dual nominative)
बुद्धा1 (dual nominative)
बुद्धाः (nominative plural)
बुद्धासः1 (nominative plural)
बुद्ध (singular vocative)
बुद्धौ (dual vocative)
बुद्धा1 (dual vocative)
बुद्धाः (plural vocative)
बुद्धासः1 (plural vocative)
बुद्धम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धौ (accusative dual)
बुद्धा1 (accusative dual)
बुद्धान् (accusative plural)
बुद्धेन (instrumental singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धैः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुद्धाय (dative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धात् (ablative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धस्य (genitive singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual genitive)
बुद्धानाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धे (locative singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual locative)
बुद्धेषु (locative plural)
बुद्धा (nominative singular)
बुद्धे (dual nominative)
बुद्धाः (nominative plural)
बुद्धे (singular vocative)
बुद्धे (dual vocative)
बुद्धाः (plural vocative)
बुद्धाम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धे (accusative dual)
बुद्धाः (accusative plural)
बुद्धया (instrumental singular)
बुद्धा1 (instrumental singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धाभिः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धायै (dative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धाभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धायाः (ablative singular)
बुद्धायै2 (ablative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धायाः (genitive singular)
बुद्धायै2 (genitive singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual genitive)
बुद्धानाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धायाम् (locative singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual locative)
बुद्धासु (locative plural)
बुद्धम् (nominative singular)
बुद्धे (dual nominative)
बुद्धानि (nominative plural)
बुद्धा1 (nominative plural)
बुद्ध (singular vocative)
बुद्धे (dual vocative)
बुद्धानि (plural vocative)
बुद्धा1 (plural vocative)
बुद्धम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धे (accusative dual)
बुद्धानि (accusative plural)
बुद्धा1 (accusative plural)
बुद्धेन (instrumental singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धैः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुद्धाय (dative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धात् (ablative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धस्य (genitive singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual genitive)
बुद्धानाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धे (locative singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual locative)
बुद्धेषु (locative plural)

enlightened, conscious, intelligent, clever, wise


बुद्ध

buddhá (romanization)
बुद्धः (nominative singular)
बुद्धौ (dual nominative)
बुद्धा1 (dual nominative)
बुद्धाः (nominative plural)
बुद्धासः1 (nominative plural)
बुद्ध (singular vocative)
बुद्धौ (dual vocative)
बुद्धा1 (dual vocative)
बुद्धाः (plural vocative)
बुद्धासः1 (plural vocative)
बुद्धम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धौ (accusative dual)
बुद्धा1 (accusative dual)
बुद्धान् (accusative plural)
बुद्धेन (instrumental singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धैः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुद्धाय (dative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धात् (ablative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धस्य (genitive singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual genitive)
बुद्धानाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धे (locative singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual locative)
बुद्धेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂 (budhe)

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (buddha)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: بۄد (bọd)

Gandhari: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha), 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha)

Pali: buddha, Buddha (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Βούδδας (Boúddas), Βούττας (Boúttas)

→ Latin: Būddās

→ Kannada: ಬುದ್ಧ (buddha)

→ Tamil: புத்தர் (puttar), புத்தன் (puttaṉ)

→ Bactrian: Βοδδο (Boddo)

⇒ Tocharian A: ptāñkät

⇒ Tocharian B: pañäkte, pūdñäkte

→ Sogdian: 𐫁𐫇𐫤 (bwt /*but/)

q

→ Middle Chinese: 佛 (MC bjut), 佛陀 (MC bjut da), 浮屠 (MC bjuw drjo|du) (possibly borrowed indirectly via multiple routes)

desctree

→ Proto-Koreanic: *Pwutukye
Old Korean: 佛體 (*PWUthye?)
Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)
→ Old Japanese: 佛 (poto₂ke₂)
Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
→ Proto-Jurchenic: *puciki
Jurchen:  (*fut͡ʃiçi)
Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)

→⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (burhan)
→ Karakhanid: بُرْخَنْ (burχan, “idol, Buddha”)
→ Mongolian: бурхан (burxan, “god”)

→ Vietnamese: Phật (佛), Bụt (侼)

→ Classical Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha)

> Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha) (inherited)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠾᠠ (buddha)

> Mongolian: будда (budda) (inherited)

→ Old Javanese: buddha
> Javanese: ꦧꦸꦢ (buda) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬩᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (buda)


शलभ

śalabha (romanization)
शलभः (nominative singular)
शलभौ (dual nominative)
शलभाः (nominative plural)
शलभ (singular vocative)
शलभौ (dual vocative)
शलभाः (plural vocative)
शलभम् (accusative singular)
शलभौ (accusative dual)
शलभान् (accusative plural)
शलभेन (instrumental singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शलभैः (instrumental plural)
शलभाय (dative singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शलभेभ्यः (dative plural)
शलभात् (ablative singular)
शलभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शलभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शलभस्य (genitive singular)
शलभयोः (dual genitive)
शलभानाम् (genitive plural)
शलभे (locative singular)
शलभयोः (dual locative)
शलभेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शलभ

English: salabhasana

Hindi: शलभ (śalabh)

→ Malayalam: ശലഭം (śalabhaṁ)

desc

Telugu: శలభము (śalabhamu), శలభం (śalabhaṁ)

/ˈɕɐ.l̪ɐ.bʱɐ/


वृक्ष

vṛkṣá (romanization)
वृक्षः (nominative singular)
वृक्षौ (dual nominative)
वृक्षा1 (dual nominative)
वृक्षाः (nominative plural)
वृक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
वृक्ष (singular vocative)
वृक्षौ (dual vocative)
वृक्षा1 (dual vocative)
वृक्षाः (plural vocative)
वृक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
वृक्षम् (accusative singular)
वृक्षौ (accusative dual)
वृक्षा1 (accusative dual)
वृक्षान् (accusative plural)
वृक्षेण (instrumental singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृक्षैः (instrumental plural)
वृक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृक्षाय (dative singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृक्षात् (ablative singular)
वृक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृक्षस्य (genitive singular)
वृक्षयोः (dual genitive)
वृक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृक्षे (locative singular)
वृक्षयोः (dual locative)
वृक्षेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀼𑀔 (lukha /lukkha/), *𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (*rukkha)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: रुख (rukh)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)
Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘳𑘏 (rukha), 𑘨𑘳𑘽𑘏 (ruṃkha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਰੁੱਖ /رُکھ (rukkha)

Prakrit:

Sylheti: ꠞꠥꠇ (ruk)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rukkha)

Romani: rukh

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑁆𑀭𑀙 (vracha)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ރުއް (ruk̊)

Sinhalese: රුක (ruka)

Pali: rukkha

Burmese: ရုက္ခ (rukhka.)

Thai: รุกข

Borrowed

→ Bengali: বৃক্ষ (brikkho)

→ Gujarati: વૃક્ષ (vŕkṣ)

→ Hindi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣ)

→ Kannada: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

→ Malayalam: വൃക്ഷം (vr̥kṣaṁ)

→ Old Khmer: briksā

→ Thai: พฤกษา (prʉ́k-sǎa)

→ Khmer: ព្រឹក្សា (prɨksaa)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘿𑘨𑘲𑘎𑘿𑘬 (vrīkṣa)

→ Marathi: वृक्ष (vŕkṣa)

→ Odia: ବୃକ୍ଷ (br̥kṣa)

→ Tamil: விருக்ஷம் (virukṣam)

→ Telugu: వృక్షము (vr̥kṣamu)

→ Thai: พฤกษ์ (prʉ́k), พฤกษ (prʉ́k-sà-)

→ Tulu: ವೃಕ್ಷ (vṛkṣa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬀 (var^əša).

अक्षो॒ न च॒क्र्यो॑: शूर बृ॒हन्प्र ते॑ म॒ह्ना रि॑रिचे॒ रोद॑स्योः।
वृ॒क्षस्य॒ नु ते॑ पुरुहूत व॒या व्यू॒३॒॑तयो॑ रुरुहुरिन्द्र पू॒र्वीः॥
ákṣo ná cakryò: śūra bṛhánprá te mahnā́ ririce ródasyoḥ.

The lofty axle of thy wheels, O Hero, is not surpassed by heaven and earth in greatness.
Like branches of a tree, O thou Invoked by many, manifold assistance spring forth from thee, O Indra.

vṛkṣásya nú te puruhūta vayā́ vyū̀táyo ruruhurindra pūrvī́ḥ.

a tree, (especially) any tree bearing visible flowers and fruit, but also applied to any tree and other plants, often in the sense of wood


तृण

tṛ́ṇa (romanization)
तृणम् (nominative singular)
तृणे (dual nominative)
तृणानि (nominative plural)
तृणा1 (nominative plural)
तृण (singular vocative)
तृणे (dual vocative)
तृणानि (plural vocative)
तृणा1 (plural vocative)
तृणम् (accusative singular)
तृणे (accusative dual)
तृणानि (accusative plural)
तृणा1 (accusative plural)
तृणेन (instrumental singular)
तृणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तृणैः (instrumental plural)
तृणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तृणाय (dative singular)
तृणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तृणेभ्यः (dative plural)
तृणात् (ablative singular)
तृणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तृणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तृणस्य (genitive singular)
तृणयोः (dual genitive)
तृणानाम् (genitive plural)
तृणे (locative singular)
तृणयोः (dual locative)
तृणेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)

Northwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)

Sinhalese: තණ (taṇa)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)

⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)

desc

⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)

Maithili: तनिक (tanik)

Odia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)

Konkani: तण (taṇ)

Marathi: तण (taṇ)

Pali: tiṇa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)

⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)

Gujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)

⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)

Kumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)

⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)

Punjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)

Romani: ćar

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tŕ̥nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tŕ̥nam, from Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom. Cognate with Kamkata-viri taňí, taí (“thorn”), Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus), Old Norse þorn, Old Church Slavonic трънъ (trŭnŭ, “thorn”), Old English þorn (whence English thorn).

cog

उद्वत्स्वस्मा अकृणोतना तृणं निवत्स्वपः स्वपस्यया नरः ।
अगोह्यस्य यदसस्तना गृहे तदद्येदमृभवो नानु गच्छथ ॥
udvatsvasmā akṛṇotanā tṛṇaṃ nivatsvapaḥ svapasyayā naraḥ.
agohyasya yadasastanā gṛhe tadadyedamṛbhavo nānu gacchatha.
On the high places ye have made the grass for man, and water in the valleys, by your skill, O Men.

Ṛbhus, ye iterate not to-day that act of yours, your sleeping in the house of him whom naught can hide.

grass, herb, any gramineous plant, blade of grass, straw (often symbolic of minuteness and worthlessness)


अहम्

sa-pron

अहम् • (ahám)

ahám (romanization)
अहम् (nominative singular)
आवाम् (dual nominative)
वयम् (nominative plural)
माम् (accusative singular)
आवाम् (accusative dual)
अस्मान् (accusative plural)
मया (instrumental singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्माभिः (instrumental plural)
मह्यम् (dative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्मभ्यम् (dative plural)
मत् (ablative singular)
आवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्मत् (ablative plural)
मम (genitive singular)
आवयोः (dual genitive)
अस्माकम् (genitive plural)
मयि (locative singular)
आवयोः (dual locative)
अस्मासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: a

Khowar: aowa

Middle Indo-Aryan: *𑀅𑀳𑀁 (*ahaṃ)

desc

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀕𑁂 (hage), 𑀳𑀕𑁆𑀕𑁂 (hagge), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ), 𑀳𑀓𑀁 (hakaṃ) (Ashokan Edicts)

Old Bengali: হাঁউ (hā̃u)

Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖮𑖯𑖼𑖄 (hām̐u)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨱 (aha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ), 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahaaṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Jain Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀅𑀁 (ahai̯aṃ), 𑀳𑀁 (haṃ)

Konkani: हांव (hā̃v, “I”)

Pali: ahaṃ

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀳𑀁 (ahaṃ)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa: हउं (haüṃ)

Braj: हौं (ha͠u), हों (hõ)

Gurjara Apabhramsa: हउं (haüṃ)

Old Gujarati: हउं (haüṃ)

Gujarati: હું (hũ)

Marwari: हौं (ha͠u)

→ Tamil: அஹம் (aham)

→ Telugu: అహము (ahamu), అహం (ahaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵh₂óm. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬇𐬨 (azə̄m), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ), Latin ego, Old English ic (whence English I).

hi:सुभद्र झा


तन्तुवाय

tantuvāya (romanization)
तंतुवायः (nominative singular)
तंतुवायौ (dual nominative)
तंतुवायाः (nominative plural)
तंतुवाय (singular vocative)
तंतुवायौ (dual vocative)
तंतुवायाः (plural vocative)
तंतुवायम् (accusative singular)
तंतुवायौ (accusative dual)
तंतुवायान् (accusative plural)
तंतुवायेण (instrumental singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तंतुवायैः (instrumental plural)
तंतुवायाय (dative singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तंतुवायेभ्यः (dative plural)
तंतुवायात् (ablative singular)
तंतुवायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तंतुवायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तंतुवायस्य (genitive singular)
तंतुवाययोः (dual genitive)
तंतुवायाणाम् (genitive plural)
तंतुवाये (locative singular)
तंतुवाययोः (dual locative)
तंतुवायेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तन्तुवाय

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाभ्याम्

तंतुवायेभ्यः

तंतुवायाणाम्

/t̪ɐn̪.t̪uˈʋɑː.jɐ/


वद्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH-?
Sanskrit वद् (vad)
Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwad-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwad-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH- (“to utter, to call”). See वद॑ति (vádati) for more discussion.


स्निह्

head

स्निह् • (snih)

sa-root

स्निह् • (snih)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰ-
Sanskrit स्निह् (snih)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”). The meaning of "to love, be attached" may have evolved from a secondary meaning of snow: "to stick, remain", referring to the nature of snow, as well as "whitish bodily fluids which are compared to snow, notably snot and spit", to stick to itself. Another example in this context is semen.
This offers two senses of development:
* as a simile of companionship, love: "sticking with someone"
* as a euphemism for the act of making love, involving body fluids: "sticky like snow"

inh+

to be adhesive or sticky or glutinous or viscid or moist, to be adherent, to cling

to be attached to or fond of, feel affection for, love


स्निह्

sníh (romanization)
स्निक् (nominative singular)
स्निहौ (dual nominative)
स्निहा1 (dual nominative)
स्निहः (nominative plural)
स्निक् (singular vocative)
स्निहौ (dual vocative)
स्निहा1 (dual vocative)
स्निहः (plural vocative)
स्निहम् (accusative singular)
स्निहौ (accusative dual)
स्निहा1 (accusative dual)
स्निहः (accusative plural)
स्निहा (instrumental singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्निग्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्निहे (dative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्निहः (ablative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्निहः (genitive singular)
स्निहोः (dual genitive)
स्निहाम् (genitive plural)
स्निहि (locative singular)
स्निहोः (dual locative)
स्निक्षु (locative plural)


स्निह्

snih (romanization)
स्निक् (nominative singular)
स्निहौ (dual nominative)
स्निहा1 (dual nominative)
स्निहः (nominative plural)
स्निक् (singular vocative)
स्निहौ (dual vocative)
स्निहा1 (dual vocative)
स्निहः (plural vocative)
स्निहम् (accusative singular)
स्निहौ (accusative dual)
स्निहा1 (accusative dual)
स्निहः (accusative plural)
स्निहा (instrumental singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्निग्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्निहे (dative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्निहः (ablative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्निहः (genitive singular)
स्निहोः (dual genitive)
स्निहाम् (genitive plural)
स्निहि (locative singular)
स्निहोः (dual locative)
स्निक्षु (locative plural)
स्निक् (nominative singular)
स्निहौ (dual nominative)
स्निहा1 (dual nominative)
स्निहः (nominative plural)
स्निक् (singular vocative)
स्निहौ (dual vocative)
स्निहा1 (dual vocative)
स्निहः (plural vocative)
स्निहम् (accusative singular)
स्निहौ (accusative dual)
स्निहा1 (accusative dual)
स्निहः (accusative plural)
स्निहा (instrumental singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्निग्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्निहे (dative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्निहः (ablative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्निहः (genitive singular)
स्निहोः (dual genitive)
स्निहाम् (genitive plural)
स्निहि (locative singular)
स्निहोः (dual locative)
स्निक्षु (locative plural)
स्निक् (nominative singular)
स्निही (dual nominative)
स्निंहि (nominative plural)
स्निक् (singular vocative)
स्निही (dual vocative)
स्निंहि (plural vocative)
स्निक् (accusative singular)
स्निही (accusative dual)
स्निंहि (accusative plural)
स्निहा (instrumental singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्निग्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्निहे (dative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्निहः (ablative singular)
स्निग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्निग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्निहः (genitive singular)
स्निहोः (dual genitive)
स्निहाम् (genitive plural)
स्निहि (locative singular)
स्निहोः (dual locative)
स्निक्षु (locative plural)


आसन

ā́sana (romanization)
āsaná (romanization)
आसनम् (nominative singular)
आसने (dual nominative)
आसनानि (nominative plural)
आसना1 (nominative plural)
आसन (singular vocative)
आसने (dual vocative)
आसनानि (plural vocative)
आसना1 (plural vocative)
आसनम् (accusative singular)
आसने (accusative dual)
आसनानि (accusative plural)
आसना1 (accusative plural)
आसनेन (instrumental singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आसनैः (instrumental plural)
आसनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आसनाय (dative singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आसनेभ्यः (dative plural)
आसनात् (ablative singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आसनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आसनस्य (genitive singular)
आसनयोः (dual genitive)
आसनानाम् (genitive plural)
आसने (locative singular)
आसनयोः (dual locative)
आसनेषु (locative plural)
आसनम् (nominative singular)
आसने (dual nominative)
आसनानि (nominative plural)
आसना1 (nominative plural)
आसन (singular vocative)
आसने (dual vocative)
आसनानि (plural vocative)
आसना1 (plural vocative)
आसनम् (accusative singular)
आसने (accusative dual)
आसनानि (accusative plural)
आसना1 (accusative plural)
आसनेन (instrumental singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आसनैः (instrumental plural)
आसनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आसनाय (dative singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आसनेभ्यः (dative plural)
आसनात् (ablative singular)
आसनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आसनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आसनस्य (genitive singular)
आसनयोः (dual genitive)
आसनानाम् (genitive plural)
आसने (locative singular)
आसनयोः (dual locative)
आसनेषु (locative plural)

→ Czech: ásana

→ English: asana

→ Finnish: asana

→ German: Asana

→ Hindi: आसन (āsan)

→ Hungarian: ászana

desctree

→ Old Javanese: āsana, sana
Javanese: ꦱꦤ (sana), ꦱꦱꦤ (sasana)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬲᬦ (asana, “posture”)

→ Odia: ଆସନ (āsana)

→ Punjabi: ਆਸਣ (āsaṇ)

→ Russian: асана (asana)

→ Telugu: ఆసనము (āsanamu)

→ Tocharian A: āsāṃ

→ Tocharian A: āsäñc

→ Tocharian B: asāṃ

→ Chinese: 阿薩曩 /阿萨曩

/ˈɑː.s̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

/ˈɑː.s̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

From आस्ते (ā́ste, “to sit down”) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́stay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́stay, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ḗsti, from *h₁ēs- (whence Sanskrit आस् (ās)). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἧμαι (hêmai, “to be seated”), Hittite [script needed] (ēša), Hittite [script needed] (āšzi).

cog

sitting, sitting down, the way of sitting

sitting in peculiar posture according to the custom of devotees

the withers of an elephant, the part where the driver sits


ॐ

Bengali: ওঁ (ō̃)

Burmese: ဥုံ

Chinese: 唵 (ǎn)

English: om

Khmer: ៚

Hindi: ॐ (om)

Japanese: 唵 (on)

Malayalam: ഓം (ōṁ)

Kannada: ಓಂ (ōṃ)

Tamil: ௐ

Telugu: ఓం (ōṁ)

Thai: โอม (oom)

Tibetan: ཨོཾ (oṃ)

Sundanese: ᮃᮅᮙ᮪ (aum)

Etymology disputed.
* A. Parpola proposes borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *ām (“let it be so, it is so, yes”), a contraction of *ākum, cognate with Tamil ஆம் (ām, “yes”).
* M. Blumfield proposes derivation from Proto-Indo-European *au (introductory particle) via *ō >* ōṃ > ōm, cognate with Ancient Greek αὖ (aû).
* The Upaniṣads propose multiple Sanskrit etymologies, including: from आम् (ām, “yes”); from एवम् (evam, “that, thus, yes”); and from आप् (āp, “to attain”) or अव् (av, “to urge”).

der

the sacred syllable and mantra in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism: om, aum


वच्

From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognates include Middle Dutch gewāgen (“to speak”), Latin vōx (“voice”), Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “voice”) and Persian آواز (âvâz, “voice”).

c. 300 CE, Harivaṃśa

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa

3 ආක්රොශන්මාමවොචන්මාම ජයන්මාමහාපයත්
අත්ර යෙ උපනහ්යන්තෙ වෛරං තෙෂාං න ශාම්යති

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

They abused me, they reviled me, they defeated me and plundered me.
Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.

3 Ākrośanmāmavocanmāma jayanmāmahāpayat
Atra ye upanahyante vairaṃ teṣāṃ na śāmyati.


समुद्र

samudrá (romanization)
समुद्रः (nominative singular)
समुद्रौ (dual nominative)
समुद्रा1 (dual nominative)
समुद्राः (nominative plural)
समुद्रासः1 (nominative plural)
समुद्र (singular vocative)
समुद्रौ (dual vocative)
समुद्रा1 (dual vocative)
समुद्राः (plural vocative)
समुद्रासः1 (plural vocative)
समुद्रम् (accusative singular)
समुद्रौ (accusative dual)
समुद्रा1 (accusative dual)
समुद्रान् (accusative plural)
समुद्रेण (instrumental singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समुद्रैः (instrumental plural)
समुद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समुद्राय (dative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
समुद्रात् (ablative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समुद्रस्य (genitive singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
समुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
समुद्रे (locative singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual locative)
समुद्रेषु (locative plural)
समुद्रम् (nominative singular)
समुद्रे (dual nominative)
समुद्राणि (nominative plural)
समुद्रा1 (nominative plural)
समुद्र (singular vocative)
समुद्रे (dual vocative)
समुद्राणि (plural vocative)
समुद्रा1 (plural vocative)
समुद्रम् (accusative singular)
समुद्रे (accusative dual)
समुद्राणि (accusative plural)
समुद्रा1 (accusative plural)
समुद्रेण (instrumental singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समुद्रैः (instrumental plural)
समुद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समुद्राय (dative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
समुद्रात् (ablative singular)
समुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समुद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समुद्रस्य (genitive singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
समुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
समुद्रे (locative singular)
समुद्रयोः (dual locative)
समुद्रेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Sinhalese: මුහුද (muhuda), සමුද්ර (samudra, “maritime”)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Sindhi: سَمُنڊُ (samunḍu)

Pali: samudda

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤 (samudda)

From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s (“water”). By surface analysis, सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + उद्र (udra, “water”). Related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka).

surf

इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥
índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi.

Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.

any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean


संस्कृत

sa-adj

सं॒स्कृ॒त or संस्कृ॑त • (saṃskṛtá or sáṃskṛta) stem

सं॒स्कृ॒त (canonical)
संस्कृ॑त (canonical)
saṃskṛtá (romanization)
sáṃskṛta (romanization)
संस्कृतः (nominative singular)
संस्कृतौ (dual nominative)
संस्कृता1 (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृतासः1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृतौ (dual vocative)
संस्कृता1 (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतासः1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृतौ (accusative dual)
संस्कृता1 (accusative dual)
संस्कृतान् (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृता (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृते (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृताम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृताः (accusative plural)
संस्कृतया (instrumental singular)
संस्कृता1 (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृताभिः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतायै (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (ablative singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (genitive singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृतायाम् (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतासु (locative plural)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)

Compound of सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + स्कृ (skṛ, “to do”) + -त (-ta, “-ed”).

com+

c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra

put together, constructed, well or completely formed, perfected

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

made ready, prepared, completed, finished

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

purified, consecrated, sanctified, hallowed, initiated

अहं त्व् अतितनुश् चैव वानरश् च विशेषतः ।
वाचं चोदाहरिष्यामि मानुषीम् इह संस्कृताम् ॥
ahaṃ tv atitanuś caiva vānaraś ca viśeṣataḥ.

I am quite small and especially, I am a monkey;
And nonetheless, I will speak the perfected speech of the humans here.

vācaṃ codāhariṣyāmi mānuṣīm iha saṃskṛtām.

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

refined, adorned, ornamented, polished, highly elaborated (especially applied to highly wrought speech, such as the Sanskrit language, as opposed to the vernaculars)

(Buddhism) conditioned; brought about by conditions


संस्कृत

saṃskṛtá (romanization)
संस्कृतः (nominative singular)
संस्कृतौ (dual nominative)
संस्कृता1 (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृतासः1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृतौ (dual vocative)
संस्कृता1 (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतासः1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृतौ (accusative dual)
संस्कृता1 (accusative dual)
संस्कृतान् (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)

a man of one of the three classes who has been sanctified by the purificatory rites

a word formed according to accurate rules, a regular derivation


संस्कृत

saṃskṛtá (romanization)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (*saṃkkata), *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀝 (*saṃkkaṭa)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 (sakkaya), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀅 (sakkaa), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (sakkata), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa)
>? Sinhalese: සකු (saku) (possibly borrowed)
→ Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕದ (sakkada)

Pali: saṅkhata, saṅkhaṭa

→ Assamese: সংস্কৃত (xoṅskrit)

→ Bengali: সংস্কৃত (śoṅskrito)

→ English: Sanskrit

→ Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત (sãskŕt)

→ Hindi: संस्कृत (sanskŕt)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (saṃskṛta)

→ Marathi: संस्कृत (sauskŕt)

→ Malayalam: സംസ്കൃതം (saṁskr̥taṁ)

→ Nepali: संस्कृत (sanskr̥t)

→ Odia: ସଂସ୍କୃତ (saṁskruta)

→ Persian: سانسکریت (sânskerit), سنسکریت (sanskerit), سَهاسْکِرْت (sahâskert)

desc

→ Tamil: சமஸ்கிருதம் (camaskirutam), சமசுகிருதம் (camacukirutam) — standard, சம்ஸ்க்ருதம் (camskrutam) — learnt

→ Telugu: సంస్కృతము (saṁskr̥tamu)

desctree

→ Pali: sakkata (calque)
→ Burmese: သက္ကတ (sakka.ta., “Sanskrit”)

desc

→ Tibetan: ལེགས་སྦྱར (legs sbyar) (calque)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

making ready, preparation or a prepared place, sacrifice

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Bharata Muni, Nāṭya Śāstra

c. 900 CE, Dhanañjaya, Daśarūpa

संस्कृतात् प्राकृतम् इष्टम् ततोऽपभ्रंशभाषणम्।

Rasikasarvasva in Narayana on Gitagovinda 5.2

One takes for granted that from Sanskrit originated Prakrit, whence the Apabhramsa language.

saṃskṛtāt prākṛtam iṣṭam tatoʼpabhraṃśabhāṣaṇam.

भावश् च यदि निर्वाणं निर्वाणं संस्कृतं भवेत्।
नसंस्कृतो हि विद्यते भावः क्व चन कश् चन॥
bhāvaś ca yadi nirvāṇaṃ nirvāṇaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ bhavet.

c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.5

If nirvana were an entity, it would then have been a conditioned phenomenon,
Because nowhere and by no means is there an entity not conditioned.

nasaṃskṛto hi vidyate bhāvaḥ kva cana kaś cana.

तारका तिमिरं दीपो मायावश्याय बुद्बुदः।
सुपिनं विद्युद् अभ्रं च एवं द्रष्टव्य संस्कृतम्॥
tārakā timiraṃ dīpo māyāvaśyāya budbudaḥ.

c. 300 CE – 600 CE, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 32

A shooting star, a shading of light, a lamp, an illusion, a hoarfrost, a bubble,
A dream, a lightning, a cloud — as such shall the conditioned existence be seen.

supinaṃ vidyud abhraṃ ca evaṃ draṣṭavya saṃskṛtam.

(Buddhism) conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned


तरंग

taraṃga (romanization)
तरंगः (nominative singular)
तरंगौ (dual nominative)
तरंगाः (nominative plural)
तरंग (singular vocative)
तरंगौ (dual vocative)
तरंगाः (plural vocative)
तरंगम् (accusative singular)
तरंगौ (accusative dual)
तरंगान् (accusative plural)
तरंगेन (instrumental singular)
तरंगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तरंगैः (instrumental plural)
तरंगाय (dative singular)
तरंगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तरंगेभ्यः (dative plural)
तरंगात् (ablative singular)
तरंगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तरंगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तरंगस्य (genitive singular)
तरंगयोः (dual genitive)
तरंगानाम् (genitive plural)
तरंगे (locative singular)
तरंगयोः (dual locative)
तरंगेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तरंग

/t̪ɐˈɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/

Probably derived from तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).

a section of a literary work that contains in its name a word like ‘sea’ or ‘river’

a jumping motion, gallop, waving about, moving to and fro


तरंग

→ Hindi: तरंग (taraṅg)

→ Malayalam: തരംഗം (taraṅgaṁ)

→ Marathi: taraṅga

Devanagari script: तरंग

Modi script: 𑘝𑘨𑘽𑘐

→ Tamil: தரங்கம் (taraṅkam)

→ Telugu: తరంగము (taraṅgamu)

/t̪ɐˈɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/

(nominal verb) to move like a billow, wave about, move restlessly to and fro


महाराष्ट्र

head

महाराष्ट्र • (mahārā́ṣṭra)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 (marahaṭṭha) (see there for further descendants)

Assamese: মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ (moharastro)

Bengali: মহারাষ্ট্র (moharaśṭro)

Gujarati: મહારાષ્ટ્ર (mahārāṣṭra)

Hindustani: mahārāṣṭra

desc

Hindi: महाराष्ट्र

Hindi: महाराष्ट्र

Urdu: مہاراشٹر

Urdu: مہاراشٹر

Kannada: ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ (mahārāṣṭra)

Marathi: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

Telugu: మహారాష్ట్ర (mahārāṣṭra)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/mɐ.ɦɑːˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

Uncertain. Possibly from महा- (mahā-), combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “nation, dominion; Rashtrakuta”), a dynasty that once ruled the area), a clan known as राष्ट्रिक (rāṣṭrika) (found in some of King Ashoka’s inscriptions) or रथ (ratha, “chariot”). Possibly, the original name was associated with the Sanskrit word for “nation” or “dominion” via folk etymology.

Maharashtra (a state in western India; capital: Mumbai)


हिन्दी

hindī (romanization)
हिन्दी (nominative singular)
हिन्दि (singular vocative)
हिन्दीम् (accusative singular)
हिन्द्या (instrumental singular)
हिन्द्यै (dative singular)
हिन्द्याः (ablative singular)
हिन्द्यै1 (ablative singular)
हिन्द्याः (genitive singular)
हिन्द्यै1 (genitive singular)
हिन्द्याम् (locative singular)

हिन्दीं वदामि।


तीर

tīra (romanization)
तीरम् (nominative singular)
तीरे (dual nominative)
तीराणि (nominative plural)
तीरा1 (nominative plural)
तीर (singular vocative)
तीरे (dual vocative)
तीराणि (plural vocative)
तीरा1 (plural vocative)
तीरम् (accusative singular)
तीरे (accusative dual)
तीराणि (accusative plural)
तीरा1 (accusative plural)
तीरेण (instrumental singular)
तीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीरैः (instrumental plural)
तीरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तीराय (dative singular)
तीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
तीरात् (ablative singular)
तीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीरस्य (genitive singular)
तीरयोः (dual genitive)
तीराणाम् (genitive plural)
तीरे (locative singular)
तीरयोः (dual locative)
तीरेषु (locative plural)

Marwari: तीर (tīr)

Bengali: তীর (tir)

Telugu: తీరము (tīramu) / తీరం (tīraṁ)

Mayrhofer takes the word as a lengthened grade derivative of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass”).
An older theory by Ferdinand Kittel considers the word as "purely Dravidian"; compare Malayalam തീരം (tīraṁ). Kittel was not a linguist, and the Malayalam word has the shape of a Sanskritic borrowing, which, when coupled with Mayrhofer's Indo-European derivation, makes the theory unconvincing.


तीर

tīra (romanization)
तीरः (nominative singular)
तीरौ (dual nominative)
तीरा1 (dual nominative)
तीराः (nominative plural)
तीरासः1 (nominative plural)
तीर (singular vocative)
तीरौ (dual vocative)
तीरा1 (dual vocative)
तीराः (plural vocative)
तीरासः1 (plural vocative)
तीरम् (accusative singular)
तीरौ (accusative dual)
तीरा1 (accusative dual)
तीरान् (accusative plural)
तीरेण (instrumental singular)
तीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीरैः (instrumental plural)
तीरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तीराय (dative singular)
तीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीरेभ्यः (dative plural)
तीरात् (ablative singular)
तीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीरस्य (genitive singular)
तीरयोः (dual genitive)
तीराणाम् (genitive plural)
तीरे (locative singular)
तीरयोः (dual locative)
तीरेषु (locative plural)

Probably a clipping of कस्तीर (kastīra, “tin”).


संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संध्या1 (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संध्यः1 (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्यः1 (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संधा1 (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीः (accusative plural)
संध्या (instrumental singular)
संधी1 (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संध्यै2 (dative singular)
संधी1 (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संध्याः2 (ablative singular)
संध्यै3 (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्याः2 (genitive singular)
संध्यै3 (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्याम्2 (locative singular)
संधा1 (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)
संधि (nominative singular)
संधिनी (dual nominative)
संधीनि (nominative plural)
संधि1 (nominative plural)
संधी1 (nominative plural)
संधि (singular vocative)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधिनी (dual vocative)
संधीनि (plural vocative)
संधि1 (plural vocative)
संधी1 (plural vocative)
संधि (accusative singular)
संधिनी (accusative dual)
संधीनि (accusative plural)
संधि1 (accusative plural)
संधी1 (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संध्या1 (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधिने (dative singular)
संधये1 (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधिनः (ablative singular)
संधेः1 (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधिनः (genitive singular)
संधेः1 (genitive singular)
संधिनोः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधिनि (locative singular)
संधौ1 (locative singular)
संधा1 (locative singular)
संधिनोः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)

containing a conjunction or transition from one to the other etc.


संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of संधि

→ English: sandhi

→ Marathi: संधी (sandhī)

Pali: sandhi

→ Tamil: சந்தி (canti)

junction, connection, combination, union with (+ instrumental)

association, intercourse with (+ instrumental)

comprehension, totality, the whole essence or scope of

alliance, league, reconciliation, peace between (+genitive) or with (+instrumental with or without सह (saha)), making a treaty of peace, negotiating alliances

(phonology, grammar) sandhi, euphonic combination

place or point of connection or contact, juncture, hinge, boundary, boundary line

critical juncture, crisis, opportune moment

joint, articulation (of the body; especially applied to the five junctures of the parts of the eye)

the space between heaven and earth, horizon

the interval between day and night, twilight

wall or the hole or cavity or breach in a wall made by a housebreaker

a period at the expiration of each युग (yuga) or age

स्तोत्र स्तोत्र#Sanskrit

(in mensuration) the connecting link of a perpendicular

प्रसुश्रुत प्रसुश्रुत#Sanskrit

name of a son of प्रसुश्रुत (Prasuśruta)


संधि

head

संधि • (saṃdhí) f

name of a goddess presiding over junction or union


तर्हि

Pali: tarahi (“then”)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀭𑀺𑀳𑀺 (tarihi)

Nepali: तर (tar, “but”)

Marathi: तर्हीं (tarhī̃), तरीं (tarī̃), तर (tar)

Konkani: तरी (tarī)

Preceded by a negative (e.g. Sanskrit न (na) or नहि (nahi))

Nepali: नत्र (natra, “otherwise”)

Old Hindi: नातर (nātara, “otherwise”), नातरु (nātaru), नतरु (nataru), नतर (natara)

Gujarati: નહિતર (nahitar, “otherwise”)

From तद् (tad, “that”); compare यर्हि (yarhi) for the suffix.


वन

vána (romanization)
वनम् (nominative singular)
वने (dual nominative)
वनानि (nominative plural)
वना1 (nominative plural)
वन (singular vocative)
वने (dual vocative)
वनानि (plural vocative)
वना1 (plural vocative)
वनम् (accusative singular)
वने (accusative dual)
वनानि (accusative plural)
वना1 (accusative plural)
वनेन (instrumental singular)
वनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वनैः (instrumental plural)
वनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वनाय (dative singular)
वनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वनेभ्यः (dative plural)
वनात् (ablative singular)
वनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वनस्य (genitive singular)
वनयोः (dual genitive)
वनानाम् (genitive plural)
वने (locative singular)
वनयोः (dual locative)
वनेषु (locative plural)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਵਣ (vaṇa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡 (vaṇa)

Hindi: बन (ban)

Bengali: বন (bon)

→ Malayalam: വനം (vanaṁ)

→ Tamil: வனம் (vaṉam)

→ Kannada: ವನ (vana)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: wana
> Javanese: ꦮꦤ (wana) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wana
→ Balinese: ᬯᬦ (wana)

→ Sundanese: ᮝᮔ (wana)

Sinhalese: වනය (wanaya)

Sindhi: वणु sg (vaṇu, “tree”)

Thematised from वन् (ván, “tree, wood”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wán- (“tree, wood”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬥𐬁 (vanā, “tree”), Pashto ونه (wëna, “tree”), Sogdian wn (“tree”), Middle Persian [script needed] (wan /wn'/, “tree”).

cog

तमी॑ळिष्व॒ यो अ॒र्चिषा॒ वना॒ विश्वा॑ परि॒ष्वज॑त्।
कृ॒ष्णा कृ॒णोति॑ जि॒ह्वया॑॥
támīḷiṣva yó arcíṣā vánā víśvā pariṣvájat.

Glorify that Agni who envelopes all the forests with flame, who blackens them with (his) tongue.

kṛṣṇā́ kṛṇóti jihváyā.

a forest, wood, grove, thicket, quantity of lotuses or other plants growing in a thick cluster

a wooden vessel or barrel (for the soma juice)

Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotundus#Translingual


तुष्

head

तुष् • (tuṣ)

sa-root

तुष् • (tuṣ)

Punjabi: ਤੁਸ (tus, “sate”)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tus-, zero-grade of *tews- (“to be happy”).

inh+

to like (with inst.), become calm, be satisfied or pleased with anyone or anything

अपि मम काव्येन तुष्यसि


गण्

Derived from Prakrit. Mayrhofer and Turner both reconstruct an original -ṛ- vowel to account for the variance of this root's -a- for -i- and -u- in the descendants.
Beyond this, the derivation is unclear. Turner connects it to गृणाति (gṛṇāti, “calls out, invokes”), from गॄ (gṝ), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to praise, greet”). Mayrhofer connects it to Proto-Indo-European *h₂ger- (“to assemble, gather together”), whence also ग्राम (grāma). If so, cognates include Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γών (ăgṓn) and ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (ăgorā́), and Latin grex.


गज

gaja (romanization)
गजः (nominative singular)
गजौ (dual nominative)
गजा1 (dual nominative)
गजाः (nominative plural)
गजासः1 (nominative plural)
गज (singular vocative)
गजौ (dual vocative)
गजा1 (dual vocative)
गजाः (plural vocative)
गजासः1 (plural vocative)
गजम् (accusative singular)
गजौ (accusative dual)
गजा1 (accusative dual)
गजान् (accusative plural)
गजेन (instrumental singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गजैः (instrumental plural)
गजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गजाय (dative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गजेभ्यः (dative plural)
गजात् (ablative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गजस्य (genitive singular)
गजयोः (dual genitive)
गजानाम् (genitive plural)
गजे (locative singular)
गजयोः (dual locative)
गजेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀅 (gaa)

Pali: gaja

→ Thai: คชา (ká-chaa), คช (kót)

→ Acehnese: gajah

→ Balinese: ᬕᬚᬄ (gajah)

→ Banjarese: gajah

→ Toba Batak: ᯎᯐ (gaja)

→ Bikol Central: gagdya

→ Cebuano: gadya

→ Chinese: 伽耶 (qiéyé)

→ Gorontalo: gaja

→ Hiligaynon: gadyo

→ Hindi: गज (gaj)

→ Ilocano: gadia

→ Javanese: ꦒꦗꦃ (gajah)

→ Kannada: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Ledo Kaili: gaja

→ Kapampangan: gagdia

→ Madurese: ꦓꦙ (ghajha)

desctree

→ Malay: gajah
Indonesian: gajah
→ Bikol Central: gadyâ
→ Cebuano: gadyâ
→ Maguindanao: gajah
→ Tagalog: gadya
→ Tausug: gadja

→ Malayalam: ഗജം (gajaṁ)

→ Minangkabau: gajah

→ Old Gujarati: गज (gaja)

→ Marwari: गज (gaj) (learned)

→ Molbog: gaja

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: gadya

→ Sasak: gajah

→ Sika: glajak

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮏᮂ (gajah)

→ Tagalog: gadya

→ Tamil: கஜம் (kajam)

→ Telugu: గజము (gajamu)

→ Tulu: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Urdu: گج (gaj)

→ Waray-Waray: gadya

→ Wolio: gaja

→ English: gaja (learned)

Of uncertain, possibly substrate, origin.

(chaturanga) gaja, a chaturanga piece ancestral to the bishop in chess


यदि

head

यदि • (yádi)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨩𐨡𐨁 (yadi)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀇 (yaï), 𑀬𑀤𑀺 (yadi)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀇 (jaï)
Old Bengali: জই
Old Gujarati: जइ (jaï)
Marwari: जे (je), जै (jai), जइ (jai)
Maithili:
Devanagari script: जँ (jã), जऽ (ja²), ज' (ja')
Tirhuta script: 𑒖𑒿 (jã), 𑒖𑓄, 𑒖' (ja')
Old Marathi: jaiṃ
Devanagari script: जैं
Modi script: 𑘕𑘺𑘽
Marathi: जई (jaī) (poetic)
Old Punjabi: ਜਿ (ji), ਜੇ (je)
Punjabi: jē
Gurmukhi script: ਜੇ
Shahmukhi script: جے
⇒ Old Punjabi: ਜੇਕਰਿ (jēkari)
Sindhi: je
Arabic script: جي
Devanagari script: जे
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀇 (jaï), 𑀚𑀤𑀺 (jadi)

→ Pali: yadi (learned)

→ Bengali: যদি (jodi) (learned)

→ Hindi: यदि (yadi) (learned)

→ Nepali: यदि (yadi) (learned)

→ Odia: ଯଦି (jadi) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਜਦੋਂ (jadõ), ਜੱਦ (jadda)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyádi (“if, when”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós (“that, who, which”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬜𐬌 (yeⁱδi), 𐬫𐬈𐬜𐬌 (yeδi, “if, when”), Old Persian 𐎹𐎮𐎹 (y-di-y /yadiy/, “if”).

inh

यदि अहं तस्याः गृहं गच्छेयम्, तर्हि अहं तुष्येयम्।

If I had gone to his house then I would have been happy.

yadi ahaṃ tasyāḥ gṛhaṃ gaccheyam, tarhi ahaṃ tuṣyeyam.


गृह

gṛhá (romanization)
गृहः (nominative singular)
गृहौ (dual nominative)
गृहा1 (dual nominative)
गृहाः (nominative plural)
गृहासः1 (nominative plural)
गृह (singular vocative)
गृहौ (dual vocative)
गृहा1 (dual vocative)
गृहाः (plural vocative)
गृहासः1 (plural vocative)
गृहम् (accusative singular)
गृहौ (accusative dual)
गृहा1 (accusative dual)
गृहान् (accusative plural)
गृहेण (instrumental singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृहैः (instrumental plural)
गृहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृहाय (dative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृहात् (ablative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृहस्य (genitive singular)
गृहयोः (dual genitive)
गृहाणाम् (genitive plural)
गृहे (locative singular)
गृहयोः (dual locative)
गृहेषु (locative plural)
गृहम् (nominative singular)
गृहे (dual nominative)
गृहाणि (nominative plural)
गृहा1 (nominative plural)
गृह (singular vocative)
गृहे (dual vocative)
गृहाणि (plural vocative)
गृहा1 (plural vocative)
गृहम् (accusative singular)
गृहे (accusative dual)
गृहाणि (accusative plural)
गृहा1 (accusative plural)
गृहेण (instrumental singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृहैः (instrumental plural)
गृहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृहाय (dative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृहात् (ablative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृहस्य (genitive singular)
गृहयोः (dual genitive)
गृहाणाम् (genitive plural)
गृहे (locative singular)
गृहयोः (dual locative)
गृहेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

In later Sanskrit only the plural forms of the masculine were used.

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás
Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.

cog

उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
वह॑न्त्वरु॒णप्स॑व॒ उप॑ त्वा सो॒मिनो॑ गृ॒हम् ॥
úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
váhantvaruṇápsava úpa tvā somíno gṛhám.

Uṣas, come by auspicious way from the bright firmament; let the purple kine bring you to the dwelling of the offer of Soma.

the inhabitants of a house, family
wife; householder

चण्डिकागृह ― caṇḍikāgṛha ― a temple of Durgā

देवतागृह

(at the end of a compound, with names of gods) a temple

(at the end of a compound, with name of plants) a bower


गृह

gṛhá (romanization)
गृहम् (nominative singular)
गृहे (dual nominative)
गृहाणि (nominative plural)
गृहा1 (nominative plural)
गृह (singular vocative)
गृहे (dual vocative)
गृहाणि (plural vocative)
गृहा1 (plural vocative)
गृहम् (accusative singular)
गृहे (accusative dual)
गृहाणि (accusative plural)
गृहा1 (accusative plural)
गृहेण (instrumental singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृहैः (instrumental plural)
गृहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृहाय (dative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृहात् (ablative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृहस्य (genitive singular)
गृहयोः (dual genitive)
गृहाणाम् (genitive plural)
गृहे (locative singular)
गृहयोः (dual locative)
गृहेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: گَرٕ (garụ), गरॖ (garụ)

Pali: gaha, ghara

→ Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)

→ Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: गृह (gŕh)

→ Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)

→ Malay: gerha (learned)

Indonesian: gerha

desc

→ Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)

→ Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)

Javanese: graha, griya

→ Indonesian: gerha, graha, greha, griya

→ Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦂꦮ (garwa, “wife”)
→ Indonesian: garwa
→ Sundanese: ᮌᮁᮝ (garwa)

→ Old Khmer: graha (learned)

Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)

→ Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)

desc

→ Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)

→ Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)

→ Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)


वली

valī (romanization)
वली (nominative singular)
वल्यौ (dual nominative)
वल्यः (nominative plural)
वलि (singular vocative)
वल्यौ (dual vocative)
वल्यः (plural vocative)
वलीम् (accusative singular)
वल्यौ (accusative dual)
वलीः (accusative plural)
वल्या (instrumental singular)
वलीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वलीभिः (instrumental plural)
वल्यै (dative singular)
वलीभ्याम् (dative dual)
वलीभ्यः (dative plural)
वल्याः (ablative singular)
वलीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वलीभ्यः (ablative plural)
वल्याः (genitive singular)
वल्योः (dual genitive)
वलीनाम् (genitive plural)
वल्याम् (locative singular)
वल्योः (dual locative)
वलीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of वली


मेघ

meghá (romanization)
मेघः (nominative singular)
मेघौ (dual nominative)
मेघा1 (dual nominative)
मेघाः (nominative plural)
मेघासः1 (nominative plural)
मेघ (singular vocative)
मेघौ (dual vocative)
मेघा1 (dual vocative)
मेघाः (plural vocative)
मेघासः1 (plural vocative)
मेघम् (accusative singular)
मेघौ (accusative dual)
मेघा1 (accusative dual)
मेघान् (accusative plural)
मेघेन (instrumental singular)
मेघाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेघैः (instrumental plural)
मेघेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेघाय (dative singular)
मेघाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेघेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेघात् (ablative singular)
मेघाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेघेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेघस्य (genitive singular)
मेघयोः (dual genitive)
मेघानाम् (genitive plural)
मेघे (locative singular)
मेघयोः (dual locative)
मेघेषु (locative plural)

Kholosi: meh

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀳 (meha)

Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘹𑘮 (meha)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মেহ (meh)

Maithili: मेह (mēh), मेहा (mēhā)

Odia: ମିହ (miha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: mī̃h m

Gurmukhi script: ਮੀਂਹ

Shahmukhi script: مینہہ

Pali: megha

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀳 (meha)

desc

Gujarati: મેહ (meh), મેહુલો (mehulo), મેવલો (mevlo)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मेंह (mẽh)

Urdu: مینہ (mẽh)

→ Assamese: মেঘ (megh) (learned)

→ Bengali: মেঘ (megh) (learned)

→ Gujarati: મેઘ (megh) (learned)

→ Hindi: मेघ (megh) (learned)

→ Khmer: មេឃ (meik)

→ Malay: mega

Indonesian: mega

→ Malayalam: മേഘം (mēghaṁ)

→ Marathi: मेघ (megh) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಮೇಘ (mēgha)

→ Lao: ເມກ (mēk)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: megha
Javanese: ꦩꦺꦒ (méga)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬾᬖ (mega)

→ Odia: ମେଘ (megha)

→ Sylheti: ꠝꠦꠊ (megó, “rain”)

→ Tagalog: magha

→ Tagalog: bigha

→ Tamil: மேகம் (mēkam)

→ Telugu: మేఘము (mēghamu)

→ Thai: เมฆ (mêek)

→ Urdu: میگھ (megh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmaygʰás (“cloud”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃moygʰ-ós, from *h₃meygʰ- (“fog, cloud”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬖𐬀 (maēγa, “cloud”), Persian میغ (miğ, “cloud, fog”), Old Armenian մէգ (mēg), Ancient Greek ὀμίχλη (omíkhlē, “mist, fog”), Russian мгла (mgla), Albanian mjegull, English mist.

cog

उ॒त स्या वां॒ रुश॑तो॒ वप्स॑सो॒ गीस्त्रि॑ब॒र्हिषि॒ सद॑सि पिन्वते॒ नॄन् ।
वृषा॑ वां मे॒घो वृ॑षणा पीपाय॒ गोर्न सेके॒ मनु॑षो दश॒स्यन् ॥
utá syā́ vāṃ rúśato vápsaso gī́stribarhíṣi sádasi pinvate nṝ́n.

May the praise of your resplendent forms, uttered in the hall of sacrifice, thrice strewn with sacred grass, bring prosperity to the conductors of the sacrifice. Showerers of benefits, may the raining-cloud, proceeding to man, nourish him like a sprinkling of water.

vṛ́ṣā vāṃ meghó vṛṣaṇā pīpāya górná séke mánuṣo daśasyán.


सह

sahá (romanization)
सहः (nominative singular)
सहौ (dual nominative)
सहाः (nominative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहौ (dual vocative)
सहाः (plural vocative)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहौ (accusative dual)
सहान् (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सह

मार्गशीर्ष मार्गशीर्ष#Sanskrit

a species of plant (not known which plant)

प्राण प्राण#Sanskrit

ऊर्जस्वती ऊर्जस्वती#Sanskrit

name of a son of प्राण (prā-ṇa) and ऊर्जस्वती (ūrjasvatī)

(with Buddhists) name of a division of the world

name of various plants (unclear which plants)

धृतराष्ट्र धृतराष्ट्र#Sanskrit

name of a son of धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra)


सह

sahá (romanization)
सहः (nominative singular)
सहौ (dual nominative)
सहाः (nominative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहौ (dual vocative)
सहाः (plural vocative)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहौ (accusative dual)
सहान् (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)
सहा (nominative singular)
सहे (dual nominative)
सहाः (nominative plural)
सहे (singular vocative)
सहे (dual vocative)
सहाः (plural vocative)
सहाम् (accusative singular)
सहे (accusative dual)
सहाः (accusative plural)
सहया (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहाभिः (instrumental plural)
सहायै (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहाभ्यः (dative plural)
सहायाः (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहाभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहायाः (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहायाम् (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहासु (locative plural)
सहम् (nominative singular)
सहे (dual nominative)
सहानि (nominative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहे (dual vocative)
सहानि (plural vocative)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहे (accusative dual)
सहानि (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)

Masculine a-stem declension of सह

Feminine ā-stem declension of सह

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">सह</i>

From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, posess, overcome, overpower”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “have, possess, hold”), σχῆμᾰ (skhêmă, “form, shape, figure”), σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure, free time; philosophy”) whence Latin schola (“leisure time for learning, schooltime, school”); Latin sēverus (“severe, strict, harsh”). See also सहस् (sahas).

cog

bearing, enduring, withstanding, defying, equal to, a match for (+ genitive or compound)

causing, effecting, stimulating, exerting

able to, capable of (infinitive or compound)


सह

sahá (romanization)
सहम् (nominative singular)
सहे (dual nominative)
सहानि (nominative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहे (dual vocative)
सहानि (plural vocative)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहे (accusative dual)
सहानि (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)


सह

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-gʰé ~ *sm̥-gʰó-, from *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”) + *gʰé (“indeed, at any rate”, discourse/emphatic particle). The first element is equivalent to स- (sa-); the second element is equivalent to ह (ha) and also found in नहि (nahi) (< *ne-gʰí); see also हि (hi), घ (gha). Cognate with Latin singulus, Albanian gjithë.

with √grah and ā-√dā

with √dā

(with कृत्वा (kṛtvā) and accusative) taking with one; in the company of

तेन सह (tena saha)

ऐश्वर्यात् सह (aiśvaryāt saha)

often as a preposition governing instrumental case, but generally placed after the governed word

in common, in company, jointly, conjointly, in concert

सहाध्ययन (sahā-dhyayana)

studying together, companionship in study

often used as a prefix in compounds, expressing "community of action"

सहचर (saha-cara)

going with, accompanying, associating with

forming adjectives expressing "the companion of an action"

सहपूर्वाह्णम् (saha-pūrvā-hṇam)

simultaneously with the beginning of forenoon

(prefixed to adverbs of time) at the same time or simultaneously with


सह

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सह

Romani: -ça

desctree

→ Old Javanese: saha
> Javanese: ꦱꦲ (saha) (inherited)

Pali: saha

→ Khmer: សហ (saʼhaʼ)

→ Marathi: सह (sah)

From the preposition, probably etymologically "one who is with (another person)".

वैनतेयसह (vainateya-saha)

(rarely at the end of a compound)
companion


मूर्ख

mūrkhá (romanization)
मूर्खः (nominative singular)
मूर्खौ (dual nominative)
मूर्खा1 (dual nominative)
मूर्खाः (nominative plural)
मूर्खासः1 (nominative plural)
मूर्ख (singular vocative)
मूर्खौ (dual vocative)
मूर्खा1 (dual vocative)
मूर्खाः (plural vocative)
मूर्खासः1 (plural vocative)
मूर्खम् (accusative singular)
मूर्खौ (accusative dual)
मूर्खा1 (accusative dual)
मूर्खान् (accusative plural)
मूर्खेण (instrumental singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्खैः (instrumental plural)
मूर्खेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूर्खाय (dative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्खात् (ablative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्खस्य (genitive singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual genitive)
मूर्खाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्खे (locative singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual locative)
मूर्खेषु (locative plural)
मूर्खा (nominative singular)
मूर्खे (dual nominative)
मूर्खाः (nominative plural)
मूर्खे (singular vocative)
मूर्खे (dual vocative)
मूर्खाः (plural vocative)
मूर्खाम् (accusative singular)
मूर्खे (accusative dual)
मूर्खाः (accusative plural)
मूर्खया (instrumental singular)
मूर्खा1 (instrumental singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्खाभिः (instrumental plural)
मूर्खायै (dative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्खाभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्खायाः (ablative singular)
मूर्खायै2 (ablative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्खाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्खायाः (genitive singular)
मूर्खायै2 (genitive singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual genitive)
मूर्खाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्खायाम् (locative singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual locative)
मूर्खासु (locative plural)
मूर्खम् (nominative singular)
मूर्खे (dual nominative)
मूर्खाणि (nominative plural)
मूर्खा1 (nominative plural)
मूर्ख (singular vocative)
मूर्खे (dual vocative)
मूर्खाणि (plural vocative)
मूर्खा1 (plural vocative)
मूर्खम् (accusative singular)
मूर्खे (accusative dual)
मूर्खाणि (accusative plural)
मूर्खा1 (accusative plural)
मूर्खेण (instrumental singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्खैः (instrumental plural)
मूर्खेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूर्खाय (dative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्खात् (ablative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्खस्य (genitive singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual genitive)
मूर्खाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्खे (locative singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual locative)
मूर्खेषु (locative plural)

Probably a formation from मूर्छ् (mūrch, “to congeal; to grow stiff and senseless”), by analogy with formations like शोक (śoka, “flame, sorrow”) from शुच् (śuc, “to shine, glow”), with semantic influence from मूर (mūra, “foolish, stupid”). Alternative derivations from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-k- (“to grind, crush”), whence Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”), Old Irish malcad (“rottenness”), Lithuanian mùlkis (“fool, dummy”)) are doubtful.


मूर्ख

mūrkhá (romanization)
मूर्खः (nominative singular)
मूर्खौ (dual nominative)
मूर्खाः (nominative plural)
मूर्ख (singular vocative)
मूर्खौ (dual vocative)
मूर्खाः (plural vocative)
मूर्खम् (accusative singular)
मूर्खौ (accusative dual)
मूर्खान् (accusative plural)
मूर्खेन (instrumental singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्खैः (instrumental plural)
मूर्खाय (dative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्खात् (ablative singular)
मूर्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्खस्य (genitive singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual genitive)
मूर्खानाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्खे (locative singular)
मूर्खयोः (dual locative)
मूर्खेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मूर्ख

मूर्खाभ्याम्

मूर्खाभ्याम्

मूर्खाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मूर्खाभ्याम्

मूर्खाभ्याम्

मूर्खाभ्याम्

Bengali: মূর্খ (murkho)

Hindi: मूर्ख (mūrkh)

Marathi: मूर्ख (mūrkha)

Nepali: मूर्ख (mūrkha)

desctree

Old Javanese: mūrkha
Javanese: ꦩꦸꦂꦏ (murka)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬹᬃᬔ (murka), ᬫᬹᬃᬓ᭄ᬓ (murka), ᬫᬹᬃᬓ (murka)
→ Malay: murka
Indonesian: murka

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੂਰਖ (mūrakh)

Shahmukhi script: مورکھ (mūrakh)

desc

→ Tamil: மூர்க்கம் (mūrkkam), மூர்க்கன் (mūrkkaṉ)

→ Telugu: మూర్ఖుడు (mūrkhuḍu)

→ Malayalam: മൂർഖൻ (mūṟkhaṉ)

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

a species of mung bean native to the Indian Subcontinent, Vigna radiata, green gram


आकाश

ā́kāśa (romanization)
आकाशः (nominative singular)
आकाशौ (dual nominative)
आकाशा1 (dual nominative)
आकाशाः (nominative plural)
आकाशासः1 (nominative plural)
आकाश (singular vocative)
आकाशौ (dual vocative)
आकाशा1 (dual vocative)
आकाशाः (plural vocative)
आकाशासः1 (plural vocative)
आकाशम् (accusative singular)
आकाशौ (accusative dual)
आकाशा1 (accusative dual)
आकाशान् (accusative plural)
आकाशेन (instrumental singular)
आकाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकाशैः (instrumental plural)
आकाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आकाशाय (dative singular)
आकाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
आकाशात् (ablative singular)
आकाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकाशस्य (genitive singular)
आकाशयोः (dual genitive)
आकाशानाम् (genitive plural)
आकाशे (locative singular)
आकाशयोः (dual locative)
आकाशेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ākāsa

Prakrit: 𑀆𑀓𑀸𑀲 (ākāsa)

→ Kannada: ಆಗಸ (āgasa)

→ Telugu: ఆకసము (ākasamu)

→ Bengali: আকাশ (akaś)

→ English: akasa

→ Gujarati: આકાશ (ākāś)

→ Hindi: आकाश (ākāś)

→ Kachchi: આકાશ (ākāś)

→ Kannada: ಆಕಾಶ (ākāśa)

→ Lombo: ອາກາດ

→ Lombo: ອາກາດ

→ Malay: angkasa

Indonesian: angkasa

→ Malayalam: ആകാശം (ākāśaṁ)

→ Marathi: आकाश (ākāś)

→ Nepali: आकाश (ākāś)

Pali: ākāsa

→ Burmese: အာကာသ (akasa.)

→ Khmer: អាកាស (ʼaakaah)

Punjabi: ਆਕਾਸ਼ (ākāś) / آکاش (ākāś)

→ Sinhalese: අහස (ahasa)

→ Sinhalese: ආකාශය (ākāśaya)

→ Tamil: ஆகாசம் (ākācam)

→ Telugu: ఆకాశము (ākāśamu)

→ Thai: อากาศ (aa-gàat)

→ Tocharian B: akāśe

→ Urdu: آکاش (ākāś)

→ Urdu: آکاش (ākāś)

/ɑ́ː.kɑː.ɕɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeḱ-
Sanskrit काश् (kāś)
Sanskrit काश (kāśa)
Sanskrit आकाश (ākāśa)
Compound of आ (ā́, “towards”) + काश (kāśa, “shining”), from the root काश् (kāś, “to shine”).


विन्द्

head

विन्द् • (vind)

sa-root

विन्द् • (vind)

Extracted from विन्दति (vindati), originally a nasal-infix present of Proto-Indo-European *weyd-, but reinterpreted in Sanskrit as a root containing the nasal consonant. Doublet of विद् (vid).


मधुर

madhura (romanization)
मधुरः (nominative singular)
मधुरौ (dual nominative)
मधुरा1 (dual nominative)
मधुराः (nominative plural)
मधुरासः1 (nominative plural)
मधुर (singular vocative)
मधुरौ (dual vocative)
मधुरा1 (dual vocative)
मधुराः (plural vocative)
मधुरासः1 (plural vocative)
मधुरम् (accusative singular)
मधुरौ (accusative dual)
मधुरा1 (accusative dual)
मधुरान् (accusative plural)
मधुरेण (instrumental singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुरैः (instrumental plural)
मधुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मधुराय (dative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मधुरात् (ablative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुरस्य (genitive singular)
मधुरयोः (dual genitive)
मधुराणाम् (genitive plural)
मधुरे (locative singular)
मधुरयोः (dual locative)
मधुरेषु (locative plural)
मधुरा (nominative singular)
मधुरे (dual nominative)
मधुराः (nominative plural)
मधुरे (singular vocative)
मधुरे (dual vocative)
मधुराः (plural vocative)
मधुराम् (accusative singular)
मधुरे (accusative dual)
मधुराः (accusative plural)
मधुरया (instrumental singular)
मधुरा1 (instrumental singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुराभिः (instrumental plural)
मधुरायै (dative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुराभ्यः (dative plural)
मधुरायाः (ablative singular)
मधुरायै2 (ablative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुराभ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुरायाः (genitive singular)
मधुरायै2 (genitive singular)
मधुरयोः (dual genitive)
मधुराणाम् (genitive plural)
मधुरायाम् (locative singular)
मधुरयोः (dual locative)
मधुरासु (locative plural)
मधुरम् (nominative singular)
मधुरे (dual nominative)
मधुराणि (nominative plural)
मधुरा1 (nominative plural)
मधुर (singular vocative)
मधुरे (dual vocative)
मधुराणि (plural vocative)
मधुरा1 (plural vocative)
मधुरम् (accusative singular)
मधुरे (accusative dual)
मधुराणि (accusative plural)
मधुरा1 (accusative plural)
मधुरेण (instrumental singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुरैः (instrumental plural)
मधुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मधुराय (dative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मधुरात् (ablative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुरस्य (genitive singular)
मधुरयोः (dual genitive)
मधुराणाम् (genitive plural)
मधुरे (locative singular)
मधुरयोः (dual locative)
मधुरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: maüra

Kalasha: máwra, mā̃urä

Kashmiri: مۆدُر (modur)

Phalura: موہورو (mohṓro)

Shina: مور (mōrṷ)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: murä

Kamkata-viri: mōr

Waigali: mūra

Pali: madhura

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀼𑀭 (mahura)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati: मुहुर (muhura)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މީރު (mīru)

desc

Sinhalese: මිහිරි (mihiri), මියුරු (miyuru), මීරි (mīri)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀼𑀭 (mahura)

→ Gujarati: મધુર (madhur)

→ Hindi: मधुर (madhur)

→ Kannada: ಮಧುರ (madhura)

→ Malayalam: മധുരം (madhuraṁ)

→ Marathi: मधुर (madhur)

→ Tamil: மதுரம் (maturam)

sounding sweetly or uttering sweet cries, melodious, mellifluous


मधुर

madhura (romanization)
मधुरः (nominative singular)
मधुरौ (dual nominative)
मधुरा1 (dual nominative)
मधुराः (nominative plural)
मधुरासः1 (nominative plural)
मधुर (singular vocative)
मधुरौ (dual vocative)
मधुरा1 (dual vocative)
मधुराः (plural vocative)
मधुरासः1 (plural vocative)
मधुरम् (accusative singular)
मधुरौ (accusative dual)
मधुरा1 (accusative dual)
मधुरान् (accusative plural)
मधुरेण (instrumental singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुरैः (instrumental plural)
मधुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मधुराय (dative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मधुरात् (ablative singular)
मधुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुरस्य (genitive singular)
मधुरयोः (dual genitive)
मधुराणाम् (genitive plural)
मधुरे (locative singular)
मधुरयोः (dual locative)
मधुरेषु (locative plural)

name of the tutelary deity of the race of vandhula


मी

From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to lessen, small, little”). Cognate with Lithuanian menkas (“negligible”), Russian меньше (menʹše, “less”); Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “alone”) whence English mono-; Latin minuō whence English minute, diminish, etc.; Latin minus, minor, minimum.


स्वस्तिक

svastika (romanization)
स्वस्तिकः (nominative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिकाः (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिक (singular vocative)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिकाः (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकम् (accusative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिका1 (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिकान् (accusative plural)
स्वस्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वस्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकाय (dative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वस्तिकात् (ablative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वस्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्वस्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वस्तिके (locative singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual locative)
स्वस्तिकेषु (locative plural)

Compound of स्वस्ति (svastí, “fortunate”) + -क (-ka, diminutive masculine nominal suffix).

com+

-क<pos:diminutive masculine nominal suffix>

a kind of bard (who utters words of welcome or eulogy)

any lucky or auspicious object, especially a kind of mystical cross or mark made on persons and things to denote good luck; a swastika

the crossing of the arms or hands on the breast

a particular symbol made of ground rice and formed like a triangle (it is used in fumigating the image of durgā, and is said to symbolize the liṅga)


स्वस्तिक

svastika (romanization)
स्वस्तिकः (nominative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिकाः (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिक (singular vocative)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिकाः (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकम् (accusative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिका1 (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिकान् (accusative plural)
स्वस्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वस्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकाय (dative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वस्तिकात् (ablative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वस्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्वस्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वस्तिके (locative singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual locative)
स्वस्तिकेषु (locative plural)
स्वस्तिकम् (nominative singular)
स्वस्तिके (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिकानि (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिका1 (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिक (singular vocative)
स्वस्तिके (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिकानि (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिका1 (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकम् (accusative singular)
स्वस्तिके (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिकानि (accusative plural)
स्वस्तिका1 (accusative plural)
स्वस्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वस्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकाय (dative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वस्तिकात् (ablative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वस्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्वस्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वस्तिके (locative singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual locative)
स्वस्तिकेषु (locative plural)

a mansion or temple of a particular form

European water-clover (Marsilea quadrifolia)

a particular mode of sitting practised by yogins (in which the toes are placed in the inner hollow of the knees)


स्वस्तिक

→ English: swastika

desctree

→ German: Swastika, Svastika (less common)
→ Turkish: svastika

→ Hindi: स्वस्तिक (svastik)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿಕ (svastika)

→ Lithuanian: svãstika

→ Malayalam: സ്വസ്തിക (svastika)

→ Marathi: स्वस्तिक (svastik)

→ Tamil: சுவத்திகம் (cuvattikam)

→ Telugu: స్వస్తిక (svastika)

Pali: sotthika

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (satthia), 𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (sŏtthia)
Gujarati: સાથિયો (sāthiyo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: सथिया (sathiyā)
Urdu: سَتھِیا (sathiyā)


त्विष्

tvíṣ (romanization)
त्विट् (nominative singular)
त्विषौ (dual nominative)
त्विषा1 (dual nominative)
त्विषः (nominative plural)
त्विट् (singular vocative)
त्विषौ (dual vocative)
त्विषा1 (dual vocative)
त्विषः (plural vocative)
त्विषम् (accusative singular)
त्विषौ (accusative dual)
त्विषा1 (accusative dual)
त्विषः (accusative plural)
त्विषा (instrumental singular)
त्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्विषे (dative singular)
त्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्विषः (ablative singular)
त्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्विषः (genitive singular)
त्विषोः (dual genitive)
त्विषाम् (genitive plural)
त्विषि (locative singular)
त्विषोः (dual locative)
त्विट्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *twayṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *twayš-, from Proto-Indo-European *tweys- (“to shake”).

inh

violent agitation, vehemence, violence, fury, perplexity

light, brilliance, glitter, splendour, beauty, authority


त्विष्

head

त्विष् • (tviṣ)