गुप्

gup (romanization)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपौ (dual nominative)
गुपा1 (dual nominative)
गुपः (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपौ (dual vocative)
गुपा1 (dual vocative)
गुपः (plural vocative)
गुपम् (accusative singular)
गुपौ (accusative dual)
गुपा1 (accusative dual)
गुपः (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपौ (dual nominative)
गुपा1 (dual nominative)
गुपः (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपौ (dual vocative)
गुपा1 (dual vocative)
गुपः (plural vocative)
गुपम् (accusative singular)
गुपौ (accusative dual)
गुपा1 (accusative dual)
गुपः (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपी (dual nominative)
गुम्पि (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपी (dual vocative)
गुम्पि (plural vocative)
गुप् (accusative singular)
गुपी (accusative dual)
गुम्पि (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš
Sanskrit गो (go)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
Sanskrit -प (-pa)
Sanskrit गोप (gopa)
Sanskrit गुप् (gup)
Back-formation from गोप (gopa, “protector of cows; protector, guardian”).

back-formation

धर्म (dharma, “law, morality”) + गुप् (gup) → धर्मगुप् (dharmagup, “protecting or observing the law”)

(at the end of a compound) defending, protecting

being on one's guard or preserving one's self from


गुप्

head

गुप् • (gup)

sa-root

गुप् • (gup)

जुगुप्सिषते

jugupsiṣate, Desiderative of Desiderative


शाण

śāṇa (romanization)
शाणा (feminine)
शाणः (nominative singular)
शाणौ (dual nominative)
शाणा1 (dual nominative)
शाणाः (nominative plural)
शाणासः1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणौ (dual vocative)
शाणा1 (dual vocative)
शाणाः (plural vocative)
शाणासः1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणौ (accusative dual)
शाणा1 (accusative dual)
शाणान् (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sāṇa

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀡 (sāṇa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sān

Hindi: सान

Urdu: سَان (sān)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সান (xan)

Bengali: সান (śan)

Bihari: सान (sān)

Odia: ସାଣ (sāṇa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: साणो (sāṇo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सान (sān)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sāṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਣ

Shahmukhi script: سَاݨ

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނު (hanu)

Sinhalese: සණ (saṇa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: sāṇa

Devanagari script: साण (sāṇ)

Latin script: sann

Kannada script: ಸಾಣ

Marathi: साण (sāṇ), साणा (sāṇā)


शाण

sa-adj

शाण • (śāṇá) stem

śāṇá (romanization)
शाणः (nominative singular)
शाणौ (dual nominative)
शाणा1 (dual nominative)
शाणाः (nominative plural)
शाणासः1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणौ (dual vocative)
शाणा1 (dual vocative)
शाणाः (plural vocative)
शाणासः1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणौ (accusative dual)
शाणा1 (accusative dual)
शाणान् (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)
शाणी (nominative singular)
शाण्यौ (dual nominative)
शाणी1 (dual nominative)
शाण्यः (nominative plural)
शाणीः1 (nominative plural)
शाणि (singular vocative)
शाण्यौ (dual vocative)
शाणी1 (dual vocative)
शाण्यः (plural vocative)
शाणीः1 (plural vocative)
शाणीम् (accusative singular)
शाण्यौ (accusative dual)
शाणी1 (accusative dual)
शाणीः (accusative plural)
शाण्या (instrumental singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
शाण्यै (dative singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
शाण्याः (ablative singular)
शाण्यै2 (ablative singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाण्याः (genitive singular)
शाण्यै2 (genitive singular)
शाण्योः (dual genitive)
शाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
शाण्याम् (locative singular)
शाण्योः (dual locative)
शाणीषु (locative plural)
शाणम् (nominative singular)
शाणे (dual nominative)
शाणानि (nominative plural)
शाणा1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणे (dual vocative)
शाणानि (plural vocative)
शाणा1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणे (accusative dual)
शाणानि (accusative plural)
शाणा1 (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)


च्यु

head

च्यु • (cyu)

sa-root

च्यु • (cyu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kyew-
Sanskrit च्यु (cyu)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyaw-, from Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (“to set in motion”). Cognate with Old Armenian չու (čʻu, “journey, road”) and չուեմ (čʻuem, “to set out”), whence Armenian չվել (čʻvel, “to migrate (of birds, a group)”), Northern Kurdish çûn (“to go”), Classical Persian شدن (šudan, “to go”), and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, “put in quick motion, drive”).

cog

to move to and fro, stir, go away, turn off


सिंहलद्वीप

siṃhaladvīpa (romanization)
सिंहलद्वीपः (nominative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (dual nominative)
सिंहलद्वीपाः (nominative plural)
सिंहलद्वीप (singular vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (dual vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपाः (plural vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपम् (accusative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (accusative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपान् (accusative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिंहलद्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
सिंहलद्वीपाय (dative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपात् (ablative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
सिंहलद्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
सिंहलद्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
सिंहलद्वीपे (locative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपयोः (dual locative)
सिंहलद्वीपेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सिंहलद्वीप

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपम्

सिंहलद्वीपान्

सिंहलद्वीपेन

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपैः

सिंहलद्वीपाय

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपात्

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपानाम्

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपम्

सिंहलद्वीपान्

सिंहलद्वीपेन

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपैः

सिंहलद्वीपाय

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपात्

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपानाम्

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपेषु

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀧 (*siṃhaladīpa)

Prakrit: *𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*sīhaladīva)

either from a variant <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">*सिंहटद्वीप</i> (siṃhaṭadvīpa) or influenced by Old Tamil

Helu Prakrit: *𑀈𑀴𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*īḷadīva), *𑀳𑀻𑀟𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*hīḍadīva) (either from a variant *सिंहटद्वीप (siṃhaṭadvīpa) or influenced by Old Tamil)

from earlier <i class="Diak mention" lang="dv">*𑤆𑤮𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳</i> (*eḷuduvu), possibly borrowed from Sinhalese

Dhivehi: އޮޅުދޫ (oḷudū) (from earlier *𑤆𑤮𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳 (*eḷuduvu), possibly borrowed from Sinhalese)

Sinhalese: හෙළදිව (heḷadiwa)

→ Ancient Greek: Σιελεδίβα (Sieledíba), Σελεδίβα (Seledíba)

→ Latin: Selediva

desctree

→ Persian: سرندیپ (sarandip)
Arabic: سَرَنْدِيب (sarandīb)
→ English: Serendib, Serendip
→ Medieval Latin: Serendivus

Pali: Sīhaḷadīpa, Sīhaladīpa

/s̪ĩ.ɦɐ.l̪ɐd̪ˈʋiː.pɐ/

From सिंहल (siṃhala, “Sri Lanka”) + द्वीप (dvīpa, “island”), possibly calquing Pali sīhaladīpa or Prakrit *𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*sīhaladīva).

af

(Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit) The island of Sri Lanka.


जृम्भ्

head

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)

sa-root

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)


घस्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas- (“to eat, gorge”), of unknown origin, with numerous unconvincing attempts to connect the root to terms including Latin hostia (“sacrifice”) and Tocharian B kest (“hunger”). Within Iranian, cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to gorge”), Pashto غاښ (ǧâx̌, “tooth”).


जम्भ्

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“to bite”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫ̑bъ (“tooth”) whence Polish ząb, and English comb.


तिज्

head

तिज् • (tij)

sa-root

तिज् • (tij)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp”).
Cognates include Latin (īn-)stīgō whence English instigate, Ancient Greek στῐ́γμᾰ (stĭ́gmă, “a mark from a pointed instrument”), and English stick and thistle.


तक्ष्

head

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

sa-root

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *taṭṣ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *taćš-, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew, create”). Cognate with Latin texō (“to weave”) (whence English text, textile), Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē) (whence English techno-), and Serbo-Croatian те̏сла (tesla, “adze”). See also तक्षन् (takṣan, “carpenter”).

inh

इन्द्र॒ ब्रह्म॑ क्रि॒यमा॑णा जुषस्व॒ या ते॑ शविष्ठ॒ नव्या॒ अक॑र्म ।
वस्त्रे॑व भ॒द्रा सुकृ॑ता वसू॒यू रथं॒ न धीरः॒ स्वपा॑ अतक्षम् ॥
índra bráhma kriyámāṇā juṣasva yā́ te śaviṣṭha návyā ákarma.

O, mighty Indra, accept the prayers which we are about to offer, and the present praises which we repeat; firm, doing pious acts, and desirous of wealth; I have made acceptable and pious works like rich garments, and chariots.

vástreva bhadrā́ súkṛtā vasūyū́ ráthaṃ ná dhī́raḥ svápā atakṣam.

to fashion, form (out of wood etc.), make, create


तुज्

head

तुज् • (tuj)

sa-root

तुज् • (tuj)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, hit”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“stump, stick”) whence English stock.


जप्

to whisper, mutter, utter in a low voice, especially prayers or incantations


जुष्

head

जुष् • (juṣ)

sa-root

जुष् • (juṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). Cognates include Latin gustus, Persian دوست (dust, “friend”), Old English ċēosan (whence English choose).

जुष्ट

juṣṭá or júṣṭa


वाणिज्यक

vāṇijyaka (romanization)
वाणिज्यकः (nominative singular)
वाणिज्यकौ (dual nominative)
वाणिज्यका1 (dual nominative)
वाणिज्यकाः (nominative plural)
वाणिज्यकासः1 (nominative plural)
वाणिज्यक (singular vocative)
वाणिज्यकौ (dual vocative)
वाणिज्यका1 (dual vocative)
वाणिज्यकाः (plural vocative)
वाणिज्यकासः1 (plural vocative)
वाणिज्यकम् (accusative singular)
वाणिज्यकौ (accusative dual)
वाणिज्यका1 (accusative dual)
वाणिज्यकान् (accusative plural)
वाणिज्यकेन (instrumental singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाणिज्यकैः (instrumental plural)
वाणिज्यकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाणिज्यकाय (dative singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाणिज्यकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाणिज्यकात् (ablative singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाणिज्यकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाणिज्यकस्य (genitive singular)
वाणिज्यकयोः (dual genitive)
वाणिज्यकानाम् (genitive plural)
वाणिज्यके (locative singular)
वाणिज्यकयोः (dual locative)
वाणिज्यकेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Malay: berniaga, beniaga, niaga
Indonesian: berniaga
→ Cebuano: banyaga
→ Ilocano: baniaga
→ Kapampangan: banyaga
→ Maguindanao: banyaga
→ Mansaka: banyaga
→ Portuguese: veniaga
→ Tagalog: banyaga
Indonesian: niaga

From वाणिज्य (vāṇijya) + -क (-ka), ultimately from the root वणिज् (vaṇij). Compare वाणिज्यिक (vāṇijyika).

धर्मवाणिज्यक

one who tries to make a profit out of one's virtue like a merchant


च्युत्

head

च्युत् • (cyut)

sa-root

च्युत् • (cyut)

Post-Vedic variant of श्चुत् (ścut). See there for more.

श्चुत् श्चुत्#Sanskrit


च्युत्

cyut (romanization)
च्युत् (root)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युती (dual nominative)
च्युन्ति (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युती (dual vocative)
च्युन्ति (plural vocative)
च्युत् (accusative singular)
च्युती (accusative dual)
च्युन्ति (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)

मधुच्युत्


च्युत्

cyút (romanization)
च्यु (root)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युतः (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युतः (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतः (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)
च्युत् (nominative singular)
च्युती (dual nominative)
च्युन्ति (nominative plural)
च्युत् (singular vocative)
च्युती (dual vocative)
च्युन्ति (plural vocative)
च्युत् (accusative singular)
च्युती (accusative dual)
च्युन्ति (accusative plural)
च्युता (instrumental singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
च्युते (dative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतः (ablative singular)
च्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतः (genitive singular)
च्युतोः (dual genitive)
च्युताम् (genitive plural)
च्युति (locative singular)
च्युतोः (dual locative)
च्युत्सु (locative plural)

From the root च्यु (cyu), for which compare च्युत (cyuta, “moved, shaken”).

ऋणच्युत्

(at the end of a compound) moving, shaking, causing to fall, removing, destroying


ताम्रपर्णी

tāmraparṇī (romanization)
ताम्रपर्णी (nominative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णि (singular vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीम् (accusative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीः (accusative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्या (instrumental singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्रपर्णीभिः (instrumental plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै (dative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual genitive)
ताम्रपर्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याम् (locative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual locative)
ताम्रपर्णीषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀦𑀺 (taṃbapaṃni), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṃṇi), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṇi)
→ Ancient Greek: Ταπροβάνη (Taprobánē), Ταπροβανᾶ (Taprobanâ), Ταπροβανῆ (Taprobanê)
→ Latin: Tāprobanē, Tāprobana
→ Old English: Deprobane
→ Portuguese: Taprobana (learned)

Pali: tambapaṇṇī

→ Sinhalese: තම්බපණ්ණිය (tambapaṇṇiya)

→ Tamil: தாமிரபரணி (tāmiraparaṇi)

→ English: Thamirabarani

/t̪ɑːm.ɾɐˈpɐɾ.ɳiː/

From ताम्र (tāmra, “copper”) + पर्ण (parṇa, “leaf”) + -ई (-ī).
Some suppose the "town in Sri Lanka" sense to be a hypercorrect form of *ताम्रवर्णी (tāmravarṇī, literally “copper-coloured”), but the Ashokan Prakrit forms make this problematic.

af

Thamirabarani (a river in Tamil Nadu, India)


ताम्रपर्णी

/t̪ɑːm.ɾɐˈpɐɾ.ɳiː/

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual


तुल्

head

तुल् • (tul)

sa-root

तुल् • (tul)

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, undergo, endure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek τᾰ́λαντον (tắlanton, “balance, scale”) whence English talent, Latin tolerō (“bear, endure”) whence English tolerate. Further possible cognates include Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas, “the 'bearer' of heaven”) and therefore Ἀτλαντίς (Atlantís).

cog

to determine the weight of something by lifting it up


तृद्

head

तृद् • (tṛd)

sa-root

तृद् • (tṛd)

From Proto-Indo-European *terd- (“to drill, bore, split”); compare Lithuanian trandė́ti (“to thresh, grind, (of worms) to bite”) and trandìs (“woodworm”), as well as Old Church Slavonic тродь (trodĭ, “tree sponge”).


तृष्

head

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

sa-root

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”). Cognates include Latin torrēns (“scorching”) whence English torrent, Latin terra and English thirst.


त्रस्

head

त्रस् • (tras)

sa-root

त्रस् • (tras)

From Proto-Indo-European *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”). Cognate with Latin terreō whence English terror, terrible, etc.


तृह्

head

तृह् • (tṛh)

sa-root

तृह् • (tṛh)

Probably from Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)tarjʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *sterģʰ; compare Hittite [script needed] (istark-, “to become sick”) and [script needed] (istarni(n)k-, “to torment, make sick”).


दक्ष्

head

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

sa-root

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (“right side, dexter”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek δεξῐός (dexĭós, “right(hand), fortunate, able”), Old Church Slavonic деснъ (desnŭ, “right(side)”).


त्वर्

head

त्वर् • (tvar)

sa-root

त्वर् • (tvar)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to stir, agitate”). Cognate with English stir, steer and possibly storm, as well as perhaps Ancient Greek ὀτρῡ́νω (otrū́nō, “to stir up, rouse; to hasten”).


तृप्

head

तृप् • (tṛp)

sa-root

तृप् • (tṛp)

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to satisfy”).


दभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to harm, deceive”). Cognate with Persian فریفتن (fariftan, “to deceive”), Old Armenian դաւ (daw, “deceit, conspiracy”) (an Iranian borrowing), Hittite [script needed] (tepnu-, “to decrease, to humble”), and perhaps Ancient Greek ἀτέμβω (atémbō, “to maltreat; to be bereft of”).


दस्

Uncertain. According to Pokorny, from an s-extension of Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to share, divide”).


दल्

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”), and thus cognate with Latvian dalīt (“to split, divide”), Latin dolor.
However, Mayrhofer is skeptical of the above etymology, due to the root's lack of attestation in Vedic texts, and instead derives it from an l-form of दॄ (dṝ, “to tear, split”).


दाश्

head

दाश् • (dāś)

sa-root

दाश् • (dāś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxă, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógmă), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”), Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.


अवास्तु

sa-adj

अवास्तु • (avāstú) stem

avāstú (romanization)
अवास्तुः (nominative singular)
अवास्तू (dual nominative)
अवास्तवः (nominative plural)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तू (dual vocative)
अवास्तवः (plural vocative)
अवास्तुम् (accusative singular)
अवास्तू (accusative dual)
अवास्तून् (accusative plural)
अवास्तुना (instrumental singular)
अवास्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तवे (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तोः (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तोः (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तौ (locative singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)
अवास्तुः (nominative singular)
अवास्तू (dual nominative)
अवास्तवः (nominative plural)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तू (dual vocative)
अवास्तवः (plural vocative)
अवास्तुम् (accusative singular)
अवास्तू (accusative dual)
अवास्तूः (accusative plural)
अवास्त्वा (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तवे (dative singular)
अवास्त्वै1 (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तोः (ablative singular)
अवास्त्वाः1 (ablative singular)
अवास्त्वै2 (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तोः (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वाः1 (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वै2 (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तौ (locative singular)
अवास्त्वाम्1 (locative singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)
अवास्तु (nominative singular)
अवास्तुनी (dual nominative)
अवास्तूनि (nominative plural)
अवास्तु1 (nominative plural)
अवास्तू1 (nominative plural)
अवास्तु (singular vocative)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तुनी (dual vocative)
अवास्तूनि (plural vocative)
अवास्तु1 (plural vocative)
अवास्तू1 (plural vocative)
अवास्तु (accusative singular)
अवास्तुनी (accusative dual)
अवास्तूनि (accusative plural)
अवास्तु1 (accusative plural)
अवास्तू1 (accusative plural)
अवास्तुना (instrumental singular)
अवास्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तुने (dative singular)
अवास्तवे1 (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तुनः (ablative singular)
अवास्तोः1 (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तुनः (genitive singular)
अवास्तोः1 (genitive singular)
अवास्तुनोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तुनि (locative singular)
अवास्तौ1 (locative singular)
अवास्तुनोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)

/ɐˈʋɑːs̪.t̪u/

अ- (a-, “un-”) + वास्तु (vā́stu, “house”).


दीक्ष्

head

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

sa-root

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

A desiderative form of दाश् (dāś) from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxă, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógmă), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”) whence English disciple etc., Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.

दीक्षितृ

consecrator, initiator; instructor; spiritual father


दी

From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῆλος (dêlos, “visible, conspicuous”) and possibly Lithuanian dìdis (“large”).


दी

From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“to chase (away)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῐ́ω (dĭ́ō, “flee”), Lithuanian dainà (“song”).


त्यज्

head

त्यज् • (tyaj)

sa-root

त्यज् • (tyaj)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tyegʷ- (“to leave alone, give up; retreat”).


त्यज्

tyaj (romanization)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजौ (dual nominative)
त्यजा1 (dual nominative)
त्यजः (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजौ (dual vocative)
त्यजा1 (dual vocative)
त्यजः (plural vocative)
त्यजम् (accusative singular)
त्यजौ (accusative dual)
त्यजा1 (accusative dual)
त्यजः (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजौ (dual nominative)
त्यजा1 (dual nominative)
त्यजः (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजौ (dual vocative)
त्यजा1 (dual vocative)
त्यजः (plural vocative)
त्यजम् (accusative singular)
त्यजौ (accusative dual)
त्यजा1 (accusative dual)
त्यजः (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजी (dual nominative)
त्यञ्जि (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजी (dual vocative)
त्यञ्जि (plural vocative)
त्यक् (accusative singular)
त्यजी (accusative dual)
त्यञ्जि (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)

तनु (tanu, “body”) + त्यज् (tyaj) → तनुत्यज् (tanutyaj, “giving up one's body, dying”)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

(at the end of a compound) leaving, abandoning, giving up, offering


दुष्

head

दुष् • (duṣ)

sa-root

दुष् • (duṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) whence English dys-.


दृभ्

head

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

sa-root

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

From Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to spin, twist”). Cognate with Lithuanian darbas (“bunch of leaves”), Proto-Germanic *tarbijaną (“to wind, spin”) whence English (topsy)-turvy, and turf.

cog

to string or tie together, tie in a bunch


दिश्

head

दिश् • (diś)

sa-root

दिश् • (diś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out, show”). Cognates include Ancient Greek δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmĭ, “show, point out”), δεῖγμᾰ (deîgmă, “sample, pattern”) whence English paradigm, Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (dĭ́kē, “custom; order, law”), Latin dicō and dictum whence English dictate etc., Latin index (“pointer, indicator”), Latin digitus (“pointer, finger”), English token and teach.

cog

to produce, bring forward (as witness in court)


दिश्

díś (romanization)
दिक् (nominative singular)
दिशौ (dual nominative)
दिशा1 (dual nominative)
दिशः (nominative plural)
दिक् (singular vocative)
दिशौ (dual vocative)
दिशा1 (dual vocative)
दिशः (plural vocative)
दिशम् (accusative singular)
दिशौ (accusative dual)
दिशा1 (accusative dual)
दिशः (accusative plural)
दिशा (instrumental singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दिशे (dative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दिशः (ablative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दिशः (genitive singular)
दिशोः (dual genitive)
दिशाम् (genitive plural)
दिशि (locative singular)
दिशोः (dual locative)
दिक्षु (locative plural)


ध्वन्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwen- (“to make a noise, sound”). Cognate with English din.


दृप्

head

दृप् • (dṛp)

sa-root

दृप् • (dṛp)

to be extravagant, wild, arrogant, proud


द्रा

head

द्रा • (drā)

sa-root

द्रा • (drā)

From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run”); compare Ancient Greek αποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to depart secretly, escape”), as well as Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”).

cog

दरिद्र

running hither and thither, in need or poor


द्रा

head

द्रा • (drā)

sa-root

द्रा • (drā)

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to sleep”); compare Latin dormiō (“to sleep”).


दीक्षित

head

दीक्षित • (dīkṣitá)

dīkṣitá (romanization)
दीक्षितः (nominative singular)
दीक्षितौ (dual nominative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षितासः1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षितौ (dual vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षितासः1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षितौ (accusative dual)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative dual)
दीक्षितान् (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)
दीक्षिता (nominative singular)
दीक्षिते (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षिते (singular vocative)
दीक्षिते (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षिताम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षिते (accusative dual)
दीक्षिताः (accusative plural)
दीक्षितया (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिता1 (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षिताभिः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितायै (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षिताभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितायाः (ablative singular)
दीक्षितायै2 (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितायाः (genitive singular)
दीक्षितायै2 (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षितायाम् (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितासु (locative plural)
दीक्षितम् (nominative singular)
दीक्षिते (dual nominative)
दीक्षितानि (nominative plural)
दीक्षिता1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षिते (dual vocative)
दीक्षितानि (plural vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षिते (accusative dual)
दीक्षितानि (accusative plural)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)

From the root दीक्ष् (dīkṣ, “to consecrate”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to offer”).


दीक्षित

dīkṣitá (romanization)
दीक्षितः (nominative singular)
दीक्षितौ (dual nominative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षितासः1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षितौ (dual vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षितासः1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षितौ (accusative dual)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative dual)
दीक्षितान् (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)


नभ्

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *nebh- (“to burst”).


धम्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to smoke, blow”). Cognate with Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), and perhaps Proto-Germanic *dimbaną (“to fog, smoke”).

cog

to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing


धृष्

head

धृष् • (dhṛṣ)

sa-root

धृष् • (dhṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰers- (“to be bold, dare”) from an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrzъ (“daring”), Ancient Greek θρᾰσῠ́ς (thrăsŭ́s, “daring, reckless”) and English dare.


नेद्

head

नेद् • (ned)

sa-root

नेद् • (ned)

From Proto-Indo-European *neyd- (“to flow, stream”).


पण्

From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to buy, make money”).


ध्वृ

head

ध्वृ • (dhvṛ)

sa-root

ध्वृ • (dhvṛ)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“to harm, injure, damage”); cognate with Hittite [script needed] (duwarne-, “to break, injure”).


नर्द्

head

नर्द् • (nard)

sa-root

नर्द् • (nard)


पर्द्

head

पर्द् • (pard)

sa-root

पर्द् • (pard)

From Proto-Indo-European *perd- (“to fart (loudly)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέρδομαι (pérdomai), Lithuanian pérsti, Russian пердеть (perdetʹ), Old English feortan (whence fart).


नद्

From Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to sound, roar, bellow”), which might be sound-symbolic. Mayrhofer adduces Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”) (that is, a "resonator (plant)" > "reed"), whence नड (naḍa, “reed”) and its relatives, as descendants. Other derivatives include नदी (nadī, “river”).


नुद्

head

नुद् • (nud)

sa-root

नुद् • (nud)

From Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to push”), a *-d- extension of *new- (“to push, nod”).

8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate


पिष्

head

पिष् • (piṣ)

sa-root

पिष् • (piṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to grind, crush”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pьxati (“push, shove”), Lithuanian pìsti (“to fuck”); Latin pinsō (“beat, pound”) whence ultimately English pestle (via a French borrowing), pesto.


पिश्

head

पिश् • (piś)

sa-root

पिश् • (piś)

From Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out; adorn; paint”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pьsati (“to write”); Latin pingō (“paint”) whence pigment, picture, paint.

पिशान

piśāná, Root-aorist mediopassive participle

to hew out, carve, prepare, especially meat


ध्वंस्

head

ध्वंस् • (dhvaṃs)

sa-root

ध्वंस् • (dhvaṃs)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwe-n-s-, nasal-infixed form of *dʰwes- (“to breathe”), probably with influence from the possibly related term *dʰewh₂- (“(to produce) smoke, mist, haze”), with further semantic shift to mean destruction (perhaps as allusions to natural phenomena like volcanism or storms, which involve smoke and haze).

to fall to pieces or to dust, decay, be ruined, perish


उपध्मानीय

head

उपध्मानीय • (upadhmānīya)

upadhmānīya (romanization)
उपध्मानीयः (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीयौ (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीया1 (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयाः (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीयासः1 (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीय (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीयौ (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीया1 (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयाः (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयासः1 (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीयौ (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीया1 (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयान् (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयेन (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयैः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयाय (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयात् (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयस्य (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीये (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयेषु (locative plural)
उपध्मानीया (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीये (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयाः (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीये (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीये (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयाः (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयाम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीये (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयाः (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयया (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीया1 (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयाभिः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयायै (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयाभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयायाः (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयायै2 (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयायाः (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीयायै2 (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीयायाम् (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयासु (locative plural)
उपध्मानीयम् (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीये (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयानि (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीया1 (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीय (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीये (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयानि (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीया1 (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीये (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयानि (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीया1 (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयेन (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयैः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयाय (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयात् (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयस्य (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीये (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयेषु (locative plural)

(phonetics) uttered from the lips; labial

the bilabial fricative, [ɸ]. (of the visarga)


द्विष्

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

sa-root

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dweys- from *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “fearful”) whence English dino-, Latin dīrus whence English dire.


द्विष्

dvíṣ (romanization)
द्विट् (nominative singular)
द्विषौ (dual nominative)
द्विषा1 (dual nominative)
द्विषः (nominative plural)
द्विट् (singular vocative)
द्विषौ (dual vocative)
द्विषा1 (dual vocative)
द्विषः (plural vocative)
द्विषम् (accusative singular)
द्विषौ (accusative dual)
द्विषा1 (accusative dual)
द्विषः (accusative plural)
द्विषा (instrumental singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्विषे (dative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्विषः (ablative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विषः (genitive singular)
द्विषोः (dual genitive)
द्विषाम् (genitive plural)
द्विषि (locative singular)
द्विषोः (dual locative)
द्विट्सु (locative plural)


द्विष्

sa-adj

द्विष् • (dvíṣ) stem

dvíṣ (romanization)
द्विट् (nominative singular)
द्विषौ (dual nominative)
द्विषा1 (dual nominative)
द्विषः (nominative plural)
द्विट् (singular vocative)
द्विषौ (dual vocative)
द्विषा1 (dual vocative)
द्विषः (plural vocative)
द्विषम् (accusative singular)
द्विषौ (accusative dual)
द्विषा1 (accusative dual)
द्विषः (accusative plural)
द्विषा (instrumental singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्विषे (dative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्विषः (ablative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विषः (genitive singular)
द्विषोः (dual genitive)
द्विषाम् (genitive plural)
द्विषि (locative singular)
द्विषोः (dual locative)
द्विट्सु (locative plural)
द्विट् (nominative singular)
द्विषौ (dual nominative)
द्विषा1 (dual nominative)
द्विषः (nominative plural)
द्विट् (singular vocative)
द्विषौ (dual vocative)
द्विषा1 (dual vocative)
द्विषः (plural vocative)
द्विषम् (accusative singular)
द्विषौ (accusative dual)
द्विषा1 (accusative dual)
द्विषः (accusative plural)
द्विषा (instrumental singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्विषे (dative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्विषः (ablative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विषः (genitive singular)
द्विषोः (dual genitive)
द्विषाम् (genitive plural)
द्विषि (locative singular)
द्विषोः (dual locative)
द्विट्सु (locative plural)
द्विट् (nominative singular)
द्विषी (dual nominative)
द्विंषि (nominative plural)
द्विट् (singular vocative)
द्विषी (dual vocative)
द्विंषि (plural vocative)
द्विट् (accusative singular)
द्विषी (accusative dual)
द्विंषि (accusative plural)
द्विषा (instrumental singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्विड्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्विषे (dative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्विषः (ablative singular)
द्विड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्विड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्विषः (genitive singular)
द्विषोः (dual genitive)
द्विषाम् (genitive plural)
द्विषि (locative singular)
द्विषोः (dual locative)
द्विट्सु (locative plural)


पीड्

head

पीड् • (pīḍ)

sa-root

पीड् • (pīḍ)

From Proto-Indo-European *pisd- (“to squeeze”) from *pi- + the zero-grade of *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πῐέζω (pĭézō, “to squeeze”) whence English piezo-.

cog

to hurt, harm, injure, oppress, vex, torment, harass

(astrology) to cover (esp. with something inauspicious), to eclipse, obscure


पूज्

head

पूज् • (pūj)

sa-root

पूज् • (pūj)

Of unclear origin. Possibly from an early Prakritic form of the root पृच् (pṛc, “to mix, fill, give lavishly”), via a series of sound changes (illustrated for its derivatives) पृच् (pṛc) > *पृञ्चा (pṛñcā, “presentation of the mixed potion”) > पूजा (pūjā, “worship, respect, reverence”), as well as *पृञ्चन (pṛñcana, “mixing (for a guest of honor)”) > पूजन (pūjana, “honoring, hospitable reception”). This derivation has the advantage of not having to derive पूजन (pūjana) from the later-attested पूजा (pūjā). Other less likely theories derive the root from Dravidian (unlikely given the root's Vedic presence and high usage frequency), or from an unattested *पूर्या (pūryā), from the root पॄ (pṝ, “to give, grant”), which is likely related to पृच् (pṛc) regardless.

to worship, revere, honor, respect, regard


पूय्

head

पूय् • (pūy)

sa-root

पूय् • (pūy)

From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be foul, rotten; stink”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πῦον (pûon), Latin pūs (“pus”), Latin putridus (“putrid”), Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Old English fūl whence English foul.


फण्

head

फण् • (phaṇ)

sa-root

फण् • (phaṇ)


प्रथ्

From Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πλᾰτῠ́ς (plătŭ́s, “flat, broad”) whence ultimately place, plaza, plate, platter, plateau; Lithuanian plėsti (“to expand”); Proto-Slavic *pleťè (“shoulder”); English flat, fold, field.

cog

to spread, extend, become larger or wider


प्रुष्

head

प्रुष् • (pruṣ)

sa-root

प्रुष् • (pruṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to sprinkle, radiate, freeze”). Cognate with Latin pruina (“rime, hoarfrost”), pruna (“burning coal”), pruriō (“to itch”) whence English prurient; English freeze, frost.


भाष्

head

भाष् • (bhāṣ)

sa-root

भाष् • (bhāṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bàjati (“to tell”), *bajьka (“fable”); Ancient Greek φημί (phēmí, “say”), φᾰ́σῐς (phắsĭs, “utterance”), Latin fātum (“spoken”) whence fate, Latin fābula whence fable, Latin fateor, fassus whence confess, Latin fāma (“fame”); English ban.

भाष्य

speaking, talking; exposition, commentary


पृच्

head

पृच् • (pṛc)

sa-root

पृच् • (pṛc)

Of uncertain origin. Probably an extension of पॄ (pṝ, “to fill”).

to mix, mingle, put together with, unite, join

to give lavishly, grant bountifully, bestow anything, bestow richly upon


पृच्

pṛc (romanization)
पृक् (nominative singular)
पृचौ (dual nominative)
पृचा1 (dual nominative)
पृचः (nominative plural)
पृक् (singular vocative)
पृचौ (dual vocative)
पृचा1 (dual vocative)
पृचः (plural vocative)
पृचम् (accusative singular)
पृचौ (accusative dual)
पृचा1 (accusative dual)
पृचः (accusative plural)
पृचा (instrumental singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
पृचे (dative singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
पृचः (ablative singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पृचः (genitive singular)
पृचोः (dual genitive)
पृचाम् (genitive plural)
पृचि (locative singular)
पृचोः (dual locative)
पृक्षु (locative plural)


प्रछ्

From Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”). Cognate with Russian (во)прос ((vo)pros, “question”), Latin prex whence, via French, English pray.


प्लुष्

head

प्लुष् • (pluṣ)

sa-root

प्लुष् • (pluṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to fry, burn, radiate, sprinkle”). Cognate with some or all of Latin pruina (“rime, hoarfrost”), pruna (“burning coal”), pruriō (“to itch”) whence English prurient; English freeze, frost.


पा

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

inh

to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern


पा

pā́ (romanization)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)


पा

pā (romanization)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)


पा

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”).

etymon

(figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)


पा

pā (romanization)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)


पा

Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.


भ्रज्ज्

[bʱɾɐd̪̚d͡ʑ]

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵ- (“to fry, roast”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φρῡ́γω (phrū́gō) and Latin frigō whence fry. The double -jj- is irregular and probably influenced Middle Indo-Aryan (where bhajja- < *bharjya-).

inh+

(at the end of a compound) roasting, frying


भ्रज्ज्

head

भ्रज्ज् • (bhrajj)

sa-root

भ्रज्ज् • (bhrajj)

[bʱɾɐd̪̚d͡ʑ]


प्रत्यभिज्ञान

sa-noun

प्रत्यभिज्ञान • (pratyabhijñāna) stem, n

pratyabhijñāna (romanization)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् (nominative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (dual nominative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (nominative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (nominative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञान (singular vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (dual vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (plural vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (plural vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् (accusative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (accusative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (accusative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (accusative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेन (instrumental singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानैः (instrumental plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाय (dative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानात् (ablative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानस्य (genitive singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानयोः (dual genitive)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (locative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानयोः (dual locative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit:

Old Hindi: पहिचान (pahicāna)

Hindi: पहचान (pahcān)

Urdu: پہچان

Gujarati: પિછાન (pichān)

Punjabi: ਪਛਾਣ (pachāṇ)

/pɾɐt̪.jɐ.bʱid͡ʑˈɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

From प्रति- (prati-) + अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna).

अभिज्ञान अभिज्ञान#Sanskrit

recognition; see अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna) too

a token of recognition (brought by a messenger to prove that he has accomplished his mission)


मज्ज्

head

मज्ज् • (majj)

sa-root

मज्ज् • (majj)

From Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to dip, sink”). Cognate with Latin mergō (“dip, immerse”), Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash”), Latvian mazgât (“to wash”), Russian Москва́ (Moskvá, “Moscow”).


मथ्

A conflation of two Proto-Indo-European roots *menth₂- (“to stir, mix up”) (whence also Proto-Slavic *męstì (“to stir”)) and *meth₂- (“to tear away”).


अत्यर्थम्

/ɐt̪ˈjɐɾ.t̪ʰɐm/


भ्राज्

head

भ्राज् • (bhrāj)

sa-root

भ्राज् • (bhrāj)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁ǵ- (“to shine”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (brāzaⁱti), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan), Lithuanian brėkšti, Proto-Slavic *brězgъ (“dawn”), Albanian bardhë, English bright, Welsh berth.


मिश्

head

मिश् • (miś)

sa-root

मिश् • (miś)

From Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Proto-Slavic *mě̄sìti, Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”); Latin misceō whence English mixture, miscellaneous; English mix, mash.


मिक्ष्

head

मिक्ष् • (mikṣ)

sa-root

मिक्ष् • (mikṣ)

Probably desiderative of मिश् (miś). From Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Proto-Slavic *mě̄sìti, Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”); Latin misceō whence English mixture, miscellaneous; English mix, mash.


मोक्ष्

head

मोक्ष् • (mokṣ)

sa-root

मोक्ष् • (mokṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk-
Sanskrit मुच् (muc)
Sanskrit मोक्ष् (mokṣ)
Desiderative of मुच् (muc), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk- (“to release, slip”).


मिथ्

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”) an extension of *mey- (“to exchange”). Cognate with Latin mutō whence English mutate, mutual; Latin mittō (“send”) whence English emit, mission, etc.; Proto-Slavic *mьstь (“revenge, vengeance”); English mis-, miss.
Also cf. Mitra, the Indo-Iranian god of contracts.


मुष्

head

मुष् • (muṣ)

sa-root

मुष् • (muṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *mewsH- (“to pick up, take away”). Connected with Sanskrit मूष (mūṣa, “mouse, i.e., stealer”).


म्लुच्

head

म्लुच् • (mluc)

sa-root

म्लुच् • (mluc)


मृश्

head

मृश् • (mṛś)

sa-root

मृश् • (mṛś)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *melk- or *melǵ-; compare Latin mulceō (“to stroke, touch lightly”).

cog

to touch mentally, consider, reflect, deliberate


मृष्

head

मृष् • (mṛṣ)

sa-root

मृष् • (mṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to bother, anger, forget”). Cognate with Lithuanian miršti (“to forget, lose, become oblivious”), Latvian aizmirst (“to forget”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan, “to annoy, bother, disturb, offend”), Tocharian A märs- (“to forget”), Lithuanian miršti, Old Armenian մոռանամ (moṙanam), English mar.


म्लेछ्

head

म्लेछ् • (mlech)

sa-root

म्लेछ् • (mlech)

Thought to be from a substrate language. Possibly related to Akkadian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luḫ-ḫa) or Sumerian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luh-haᴷᴵ /Melukhkha, Meluḫḫa/).

cog

to speak indistinctly (like a barbarian, one who does not speak Sanskrit)


मृड्

head

मृड् • (mṛḍ)

sa-root

मृड् • (mṛḍ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥žd- (“to forgive, spare, to pity”).


म्रुच्

head

म्रुच् • (mruc)

sa-root

म्रुच् • (mruc)


याच्

head

याच् • (yāc)

sa-root

याच् • (yāc)

An enlargement of the root या (yā, “to request, implore”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to utter”).


मृध्

head

मृध् • (mṛdh)

sa-root

मृध् • (mṛdh)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

Uncertain. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *méldʰ-e-ti (“to abandon”); or from *mel-dʰeh₁- an extension of *(s)mel- (“false, bad”); or from an extension of *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”) (see there).

inh

Monier Williams
w:Monier Monier-Williams

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press


मृज्

head

मृज् • (mṛj)

sa-root

मृज् • (mṛj)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ- (“to wipe”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμόργνῡμῐ (omórgnūmĭ, “to wipe”).


यु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw- (“to bind, hold”).

inh

to unite, attach, harness, yoke, bind, fasten

to draw towards one's self, take hold or gain possession of, hold fast


यु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw- (“to separate”).

to separate, keep or drive away, ward off

to keep aloof, to be or remain separated from


रास्

head

रास् • (rās)

sa-root

रास् • (rās)

From an extension of Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cry, bellow”). Cognate with English roar.


रभ्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *rabʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rabʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *lebʰ- (“to profit, gain”). Compare perhaps Lithuanian lõbis (“treasure, wealth”), Ancient Greek λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (lắphūră, “war spoils, booty”).


रा

From Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cry, bellow”). Cognate with English roar.


रुष्

head

रुष् • (ruṣ)

sa-root

रुष् • (ruṣ)

Uncertain. Compare λύσσα (lússa, “rage, fury”).


लोच्

head

लोच् • (loc)

sa-root

लोच् • (loc)


वध्

From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to push, hit, strike”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”).


वज्

From a merger of:
* Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“fresh, strong”). Compare Latin vegeō (“excite, arouse; be lively”) whence English vegetation; Latin vigeō (“thrive, be alive”) whence vigil, vigor; English wake, watch.
* Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hawǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to increase”). Compare Latin augeō and English augment.


वक्ष्

head

वक्ष् • (vakṣ)

sa-root

वक्ष् • (vakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to grow, increase”). Cognate with Lithuanian áukštas (“high, tall”); Latin augustus, augur, augeō whence English augment; English eke.


लिख्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyḱ- (“scratch, line”), an extension of *h₁rey- (“scratch”). Cognate with English row, Ancient Greek ἐρείκω (ereíkō, “to rend, bruise, pound”), Lithuanian riekti (“to slice”).


रुज्

head

रुज् • (ruj)

sa-root

रुज् • (ruj)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break off, shatter”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λῠγρός (lŭgrós, “mournful”), Latin lugeō whence English lugubrious; Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), whence English louk.


रुज्

ruj (romanization)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजी (dual nominative)
रुञ्जि (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजी (dual vocative)
रुञ्जि (plural vocative)
रुक् (accusative singular)
रुजी (accusative dual)
रुञ्जि (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)

(at the end of a compound) breaking, crushing, shattering


रुज्

ruj (romanization)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)


रिख्

From Proto-Indo-European *reyk- (“scratch, line”), an extension of *rey- (“scratch”). Cognate with English row.


केनडा

/ˈkeː.n̪ɐ.ɖɑː/

Borrowed from English Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).

der

(New Sanskrit) Canada (a country in North America)


अङ्गद

/ˈɐŋ.ɡɐ.d̪ɐ/

a bracelet worn on the upper arm, armband


अङ्गद

head

अङ्गद • (aṅgada)

/ˈɐŋ.ɡɐ.d̪ɐ/


वाञ्छ्

वाञ्छ् • (vāñch)

sa-root

वाञ्छ् • (vāñch)

From an *-sk- extension of Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”). Cognate with English wish.


अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

sa-proper noun

अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि • (amerikāyāḥ saṃyuktarājyāni) stem, n

/ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːh s̪ɐ̃.juk.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i/

[ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːhɑ̆ s̪ɐ̃.juk̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i]

Calque of English United States of America

calque

United States of America
United States of America#English

(New Sanskrit) United States of America (a country in North America)

sa:अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

en-अमेरिकायाः_संयुक्तराज्यानि-sa-name-6DbKFMqU


विप्

head

विप् • (vip)

sa-root

विप् • (vip)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to shake, tremble, agitate; swing away; turn”). Cognate with Old Norse veifa (“flag”), Old English wifer (“missile”), Latin vibrō whence English vibrate, veer; English weave (“to wander”), wave, wipe.

inh

to tremble, shake, shiver, vibrate, quiver, be stirred, etc.


विच्

head

विच् • (vic)

sa-root

विच् • (vic)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayč- (“to sift, separate”) (compare Persian بیختن (bixtan, “to sift, sieve”)), traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to separate, choose, set aside”), an extension of *wey- (“to separate”) (though Cheung and Mayrhofer find this doubtful). If so, then cognate with Proto-Germanic *wīhaz (“sacred, holy”), Old Norse vé (“temple, sanctuary”), Latin victima, English witch.

inh

to sift, separate (esp. grain from chaff by winnowing)


शा

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃(i)- (“to sharpen”). Cognate with Latin catus (“clever, cunning, sharp”), cuneus (“wedge”) whence English coin; Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos) whence English cone; English hone.


शुन्ध्

head

शुन्ध् • (śundh)

sa-root

शुन्ध् • (śundh)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-n-dʰ- (“clean”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”).


वृज्

head

वृज् • (vṛj)

sa-root

वृज् • (vṛj)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂werg- (“to turn”). Cognate with Latin vergō, the source of English converge etc.


श्लाघ्

head

श्लाघ् • (ślāgh)

sa-root

श्लाघ् • (ślāgh)

desc

→ Malayalam: ശ്ലാഘിക്കുക (ślāghikkuka) (learned)

→ Tamil: சிலாகி (cilāki)


रहित

rahita (romanization)
रहितः (nominative singular)
रहितौ (dual nominative)
रहिताः (nominative plural)
रहित (singular vocative)
रहितौ (dual vocative)
रहिताः (plural vocative)
रहितम् (accusative singular)
रहितौ (accusative dual)
रहितान् (accusative plural)
रहितेन (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहितैः (instrumental plural)
रहिताय (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितात् (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितस्य (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहिते (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितेषु (locative plural)
रहिता (nominative singular)
रहिते (dual nominative)
रहिताः (nominative plural)
रहिते (singular vocative)
रहिते (dual vocative)
रहिताः (plural vocative)
रहिताम् (accusative singular)
रहिते (accusative dual)
रहिताः (accusative plural)
रहितया (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहिताभिः (instrumental plural)
रहितायै (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहिताभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितायाः (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितायाः (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहितायाम् (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितासु (locative plural)
रहितम् (nominative singular)
रहिते (dual nominative)
रहितानि (nominative plural)
रहित (singular vocative)
रहिते (dual vocative)
रहितानि (plural vocative)
रहितम् (accusative singular)
रहिते (accusative dual)
रहितानि (accusative plural)
रहितेन (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहितैः (instrumental plural)
रहिताय (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितात् (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितस्य (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहिते (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of रहित

Feminine ā-stem declension of रहित

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">रहित</i>

→ Hindi: रहित (rahit)

→ Telugu: రహితము (rahitamu)

/ˈɾɐ.ɦi.t̪ɐ/

excluding, without, left, devoid, forsaken, quitted, lonely, solitary

deserted by, separated or free from, deprived or void or destitute of

(in beginning of compounds) wanting, absent


श्लिष्

head

श्लिष् • (śliṣ)

sa-root

श्लिष् • (śliṣ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćRayš (“to adhere, attach”); cognate with Persian سِریشُم (serišom, “glue”). Further origin is uncertain; perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean, incline”).

inh

to result, be the consequence of anything


शुष्

head

शुष् • (śuṣ)

sa-root

शुष् • (śuṣ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews-
Sanskrit शुष् (śuṣ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsaws-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“dry”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sȗxъ (“dry”), Lithuanian sausas (“dry”), Proto-Germanic *sauzaz (“dry”) whence English sear.


सच्

From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁 (haxamaniš, “friendly mannered (the ruler Achaemenes)”), Latin sequor (“follow”) whence English sequence etc., Latin socius, Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“warrior, retainer”).

cog

to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with


श्वित्

head

श्वित् • (śvit)

sa-root

श्वित् • (śvit)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“bright, shine; white”), an extension of *ḱwey-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta), Persian سفید (safêd), Proto-Slavic *světъ (“light, world”), Old English hwīt (whence English white).


ष्ठीव्

head

ष्ठीव् • (ṣṭhīv)

sa-root

ष्ठीव् • (ṣṭhīv)

From Proto-Indo-European *sp(t)yewH- (“to spit, spew”) (with metathesis of *-iwH- to *-iHw-, thus reflecting a pre-form *sp(t)iHw-), compare *(s)ptyēw-. Cognate with Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Persian تف (tof, “spittle”), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “I spit out”), Latin spuo (whence English sputum), Old Church Slavonic пльвати (plĭvati), Russian плевать (plevatʹ), Old English spīwan (whence English spew).


वृष्

head

वृष् • (vṛṣ)

sa-root

वृष् • (vṛṣ)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers- (“to rain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕρση (hérsē).


शंस्

head

शंस् • (śaṃs)

sa-root

शंस् • (śaṃs)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, declare solemnly”). Cognate with Persian سخن (soxan, “speech”), Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order, honor; mankind; world”), Latin cēnseō (“recommend, decree; reckon”) (whence cēnsus), as well as possibly Latin carmen (“composition, tune”) and English herry (“praise, honor”).


श्रि

head

श्रि • (śri)

sa-root

श्रि • (śri)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱley-
Sanskrit श्रि (śri)
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean, incline”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “lean”), giving κλῖμᾰξ (klîmăx, “ladder, staircase; climax”), κλῐ́μᾰ (klĭ́mă, “slope”) whence English climate; Latin clīnō (“lean”) whence English incline etc; English lean, Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō whence English ladder.


सह्

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ-
Sanskrit सह् (sah)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *saźʰ-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold, posess, overcome, overpower”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “have, possess, hold”), σχῆμᾰ (skhêmă, “form, shape, figure”), σχολή (skholḗ, “leisure, free time; philosophy”) whence Latin schola (“leisure time for learning, schooltime, school”); Latin sēverus (“severe, strict, harsh”).

cog

to prevail, be victorious, overcome, vanquish


सिच्

head

सिच् • (sic)

sa-root

सिच् • (sic)

From Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to spill, pour; moisten, filter”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἰκμᾰ́ς (ikmắs, “moisture, wetness”), Proto-Slavic *sьcati (“to piss”); Proto-Germanic *saiwiz whence English sea.


स्कन्द्

head

स्कन्द् • (skand)

sa-root

स्कन्द् • (skand)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *skand- or *skend- (“to jump, leap”). Cognate with Latin scandō (“climb, ascend”), Ancient Greek σκᾰ́νδᾰλον (skắndălon, “trap, snare; stumbling block; scandal”).


स्कभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *skebʰH- (“to hold up, support”). Cognate with Latin scamnum (“bench, stool, step”).


सृज्

head

सृज् • (sṛj)

sa-root

सृज् • (sṛj)

From Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“to throw away, pour out, release, set free”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *selkaną (“to trickle, drip; languish”) whence probably English sulk.


सेव्

head

सेव् • (sev)

sa-root

सेव् • (sev)

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from सेप्- (sep-), the perfect stem of the root सप् (sap, “to follow or seek after, honor, serve”); however, this presents formal difficulties. Other theories connect the root to Proto-Iranian *haiva- or Proto-Germanic *sainijaną, whence Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sainjan, “to tarry”).

to remain or stay at, live in, frequent, inhabit


सृप्

head

सृप् • (sṛp)

sa-root

सृप् • (sṛp)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *serp-
Sanskrit सृप् (sṛp)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sarp-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sarp-, from Proto-Indo-European *serp- (“to creep, crawl”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕρπω (hérpō, “creep, crawl”) whence ἕρπης (hérpēs), Proto-Albanian *serpena, Latin serpō whence serpēns (“serpent”).


सृ

From Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to spring, jump”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἅλλομαι (hállomai, “to jump”), ἁλτῆρες (haltêres) giving English haltere; Latin saliō (“jump”) whence English (somer)sault.
Not to be confused with स्रु (sru, “to flow, leak”) from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, stream”).


स्तभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to stand still, harden; prop up, support; pole”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *stьbъ (“stem, stalk”), Old Church Slavonic степень (stepenĭ, “stair”); English step, stop, stamp, stomp, stump, staff, stiff; Proto-Finnic *sambas (“pillar”) (whence sampo).


स्तम्भ्

head

स्तम्भ् • (stambh)

sa-root

स्तम्भ् • (stambh)

From Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to stand still, harden; prop up, support; pole”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *stьbъ (“stem, stalk”), Old Church Slavonic степень (stepenĭ, “stair”); English step, stop, stamp, stomp, stump, staff, stiff.

स्तभ् स्तभ्#Sanskrit


याच्ञा

sa-noun

याच्ञा • (yācñā) stem, ?

yācñā (romanization)
याच्ञा (nominative singular)
याच्ञे (dual nominative)
याच्ञाः (nominative plural)
याच्ञे (singular vocative)
याच्ञे (dual vocative)
याच्ञाः (plural vocative)
याच्ञाम् (accusative singular)
याच्ञे (accusative dual)
याच्ञाः (accusative plural)
याच्ञया (instrumental singular)
याच्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
याच्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
याच्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
याच्ञायै (dative singular)
याच्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
याच्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
याच्ञायाः (ablative singular)
याच्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
याच्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
याच्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
याच्ञायाः (genitive singular)
याच्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
याच्ञयोः (dual genitive)
याच्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
याच्ञायाम् (locative singular)
याच्ञयोः (dual locative)
याच्ञासु (locative plural)

/jɑːt͡ɕ.ɲɑː/

/ˈjɑːt͡ɕ.ɲɑː/


स्तिघ्

head

स्तिघ् • (stigh)

sa-root

स्तिघ् • (stigh)

From Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ- (“to go,climb”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στοῖχος (stoîkhos), στῐ́χος (stĭ́khos); Proto-Slavic *stignǫti; English sty, stile, stair.


सिञ्चति

sa-verb

सिञ्चति • (siñcáti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root सिच्)

siñcáti (romanization)
सिच् (root)
सिञ्चति (present)
सिञ्चते (present)
सिञ्चति (active indicative singular third-person)
सिञ्चतः (active dual indicative third-person)
सिञ्चन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
सिञ्चते (indicative singular third-person)
सिञ्चेते (dual indicative third-person)
सिञ्चन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
सिञ्चसि (active indicative second-person singular)
सिञ्चथः (active dual indicative second-person)
सिञ्चथ (active indicative plural second-person)
सिञ्चसे (indicative second-person singular)
सिञ्चेथे (dual indicative second-person)
सिञ्चध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
सिञ्चामि (active first-person indicative singular)
सिञ्चावः (active dual first-person indicative)
सिञ्चामः (active first-person indicative plural)
सिञ्चामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
सिञ्चे (first-person indicative singular)
सिञ्चावहे (dual first-person indicative)
सिञ्चामहे (first-person indicative plural)
सिञ्चतु (active imperative singular third-person)
सिञ्चताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
सिञ्चन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
सिञ्चताम् (imperative singular third-person)
सिञ्चेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
सिञ्चन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
सिञ्च (active imperative second-person singular)
सिञ्चतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
सिञ्चत (active imperative plural second-person)
सिञ्चस्व (imperative second-person singular)
सिञ्चेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
सिञ्चध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
सिञ्चानि (active first-person imperative singular)
सिञ्चाव (active dual first-person imperative)
सिञ्चाम (active first-person imperative plural)
सिञ्चै (first-person imperative singular)
सिञ्चावहै (dual first-person imperative)
सिञ्चामहै (first-person imperative plural)
सिञ्चेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
सिञ्चेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
सिञ्चेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
सिञ्चेत (imperative singular third-person)
सिञ्चेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
सिञ्चेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
सिञ्चेः (active imperative second-person singular)
सिञ्चेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
सिञ्चेत (active imperative plural second-person)
सिञ्चेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
सिञ्चेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
सिञ्चेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
सिञ्चेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
सिञ्चेव (active dual first-person imperative)
सिञ्चेम (active first-person imperative plural)
सिञ्चेय (first-person imperative singular)
सिञ्चेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
सिञ्चेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
सिञ्चात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
सिञ्चाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
सिञ्चै (first-person singular subjunctive)
सिञ्चावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
सिञ्चामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
सिञ्चत् (active participle)
सिञ्चमान (participle)
असिञ्चत् (imperfect)
असिञ्चत (imperfect)
असिञ्चत् (active indicative singular third-person)
असिञ्चताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
असिञ्चन् (active indicative plural third-person)
असिञ्चत (indicative singular third-person)
असिञ्चेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
असिञ्चन्त (indicative plural third-person)
असिञ्चः (active indicative second-person singular)
असिञ्चतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
असिञ्चत (active indicative plural second-person)
असिञ्चथाः (indicative second-person singular)
असिञ्चेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
असिञ्चध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
असिञ्चम् (active first-person indicative singular)
असिञ्चाव (active dual first-person indicative)
असिञ्चाम (active first-person indicative plural)
असिञ्चे (first-person indicative singular)
असिञ्चावहि (dual first-person indicative)
असिञ्चामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Pali: siñcati

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀇 (siṃcaï) (see there for further descendants)

From the root सिच् (sic), from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to spill, pour; moisten, filter”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἰκμᾰ́ς (ikmắs, “moisture, wetness”), Proto-Slavic *sьcati (“to piss”); Proto-Germanic *saiwiz whence English sea.

त्वे ध॒र्माण॑ आसते जु॒हूभि॑: सिञ्च॒तीर्इ॑व।
कृ॒ष्णा रू॒पाण्यर्जु॑ना॒ वि वो॒ मदे॒ विश्वा॒ अधि॒ श्रियो॑ धिषे॒ विव॑क्षसे॥
tvé dharmā́ṇa āsate juhū́bhi: siñcatī́riva.

Those having (you) as their foundation flames sit upon you, pouring out with their tongues like women pouring with their ladles. Black and silver forms and all beauties do you put on. In my exhilaration I wish to acclaim you.

kṛṣṇā́ rūpā́ṇyárjunā ví vo máde víśvā ádhi śríyo dhiṣe vívakṣase.


स्तु

head

स्तु • (stu)

sa-root

स्तु • (stu)

From Proto-Indo-European *stew- (“to praise”). Cognate with Persian ستودن (setudan, “to praise, extol”), Ancient Greek στεῦται (steûtai, “to promise or threaten that one will”), Hittite [script needed] (istuwa-, “to become public”).

cog

to praise, laud, eulogize, extol, celebrate in song or hymns


स्ना

head

स्ना • (snā)

sa-root

स्ना • (snā)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim, float”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νέω (néō, “swim”), Proto-Italic *snāō.


स्तॄ

head

स्तॄ • (stṝ)

sa-root

स्तॄ • (stṝ)

From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch, extend”), an extension of *ster- (“spread”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στόρνῡμι (stórnūmi, “spread”), Latin sternō (“spread”), Proto-Slavic *stornà (“side, land”), *stérti (“to extend”); English strew.


काचक

kācaka (romanization)
काचकः (nominative singular)
काचकौ (dual nominative)
काचका1 (dual nominative)
काचकाः (nominative plural)
काचकासः1 (nominative plural)
काचक (singular vocative)
काचकौ (dual vocative)
काचका1 (dual vocative)
काचकाः (plural vocative)
काचकासः1 (plural vocative)
काचकम् (accusative singular)
काचकौ (accusative dual)
काचका1 (accusative dual)
काचकान् (accusative plural)
काचकेन (instrumental singular)
काचकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काचकैः (instrumental plural)
काचकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काचकाय (dative singular)
काचकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काचकेभ्यः (dative plural)
काचकात् (ablative singular)
काचकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काचकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काचकस्य (genitive singular)
काचकयोः (dual genitive)
काचकानाम् (genitive plural)
काचके (locative singular)
काचकयोः (dual locative)
काचकेषु (locative plural)

/ˈkɑː.t͡ɕɐ.kɐ/


वणिज

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑀺𑀅 (vaṇia)

Assamese: বনিয়া (bonia)

Awadhi: 𑂥𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰

Bhojpuri: 𑂥𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (baniyā)

desctree

Hindi: बनिया (baniyā), बणिया (baṇiyā)
→ English: bunnia

Bihari: बनिया

Kumaoni: बणिया (baṇiyā)

Maithili: 𑒥𑒢𑒱𑒂𑓀 (baniā̃)

Nepali: बनिया (baniyā)

Odia: ବଣିଆ (baṇiā)

desc

Punjabi: ਬਾਣੀਾਂ (bāṇīā̃)

Punjabi: ਬਾਣੀਾਂ (bāṇīā̃)

Sindhi: 𑋛𑋌𑋪𑋘𑋧 (vaṇyo)


पट्टन

paṭṭana (romanization)
पट्टनः (nominative singular)
पट्टनौ (dual nominative)
पट्टना1 (dual nominative)
पट्टनाः (nominative plural)
पट्टनासः1 (nominative plural)
पट्टन (singular vocative)
पट्टनौ (dual vocative)
पट्टना1 (dual vocative)
पट्टनाः (plural vocative)
पट्टनासः1 (plural vocative)
पट्टनम् (accusative singular)
पट्टनौ (accusative dual)
पट्टना1 (accusative dual)
पट्टनान् (accusative plural)
पट्टनेन (instrumental singular)
पट्टनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पट्टनैः (instrumental plural)
पट्टनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पट्टनाय (dative singular)
पट्टनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पट्टनेभ्यः (dative plural)
पट्टनात् (ablative singular)
पट्टनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पट्टनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पट्टनस्य (genitive singular)
पट्टनयोः (dual genitive)
पट्टनानाम् (genitive plural)
पट्टने (locative singular)
पट्टनयोः (dual locative)
पट्टनेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: पटन् (paṭan)

Pali: paṭṭana

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀡 (paṭṭaṇa)

Bengali: পাটন (paṭon)

Bihari: 𑂣𑂗𑂹𑂢𑂰

Gujarati: પાટણ (pāṭaṇ)

Hindi: पाटन (pāṭan), पटना (paṭnā)

Nepali: पाटन् (pāṭan)

Marathi: पाटण (pāṭaṇ)

Odia: ପାଟଣା (pāṭaṇā), ପାଟନା (pāṭanā)

Odia: ପାଟଣା (pāṭaṇā), ପାଟନା (pāṭanā)

Sinhalese: පටුන (paṭuna)

[pɐʈ̚.ʈɐ.nɐ]

/ˈpɐʈ.ʈɐ.n̪ɐ/

[ˈpɐʈ̚.ʈɐ.n̪ɐ]

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Malayalam പട്ടി (paṭṭi), Tamil பட்டி (paṭṭi), Kota (India) பட்ய் (paṭy), Kannada ಪಟ್ಟ (paṭṭa), Telugu ఉనికిపట్టు (unikipaṭṭu).


गुल्फ

gulpha (romanization)
गुल्फः (nominative singular)
गुल्फौ (dual nominative)
गुल्फा1 (dual nominative)
गुल्फाः (nominative plural)
गुल्फासः1 (nominative plural)
गुल्फ (singular vocative)
गुल्फौ (dual vocative)
गुल्फा1 (dual vocative)
गुल्फाः (plural vocative)
गुल्फासः1 (plural vocative)
गुल्फम् (accusative singular)
गुल्फौ (accusative dual)
गुल्फा1 (accusative dual)
गुल्फान् (accusative plural)
गुल्फेन (instrumental singular)
गुल्फाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुल्फैः (instrumental plural)
गुल्फेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गुल्फाय (dative singular)
गुल्फाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुल्फेभ्यः (dative plural)
गुल्फात् (ablative singular)
गुल्फाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुल्फेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुल्फस्य (genitive singular)
गुल्फयोः (dual genitive)
गुल्फानाम् (genitive plural)
गुल्फे (locative singular)
गुल्फयोः (dual locative)
गुल्फेषु (locative plural)


स्पृ

head

स्पृ • (spṛ)

sa-root

स्पृ • (spṛ)

From Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to release, rescue, deliver, secure”). Cognate with English spare (“to show mercy”).
Some derive the "win" meanings from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to make money”), connecting them with पण् (paṇ, “to barter”), Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “I sell”), Old Irish renim (“I sell”), and Lithuanian pel̃nas (“profit, benefit”), and separate these from the "release, deliver" meanings; however, this is uncertain.
Turner alternatively suggests the root to be an s-extension of पृ (pṛ, “to bring”), with original meaning "to convey".

inh

(causative स्पारयति) to attract to one's self, win


स्फुर्

head

स्फुर् • (sphur)

sa-root

स्फुर् • (sphur)

From Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, push away, make a rash movement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, make rapid movements”), Latin spernō (“move aside, push away”), English spur, spurn.


स्पृह्

head

स्पृह् • (spṛh)

sa-root

स्पृह् • (spṛh)

From Proto-Indo-European *sperǵʰ- (“to move energetically, hurry, spring”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to set in rapid motion, haste, hurry”), English spring.
Other possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push”), Proto-Slavic *pręsti (“to spin”).


स्फट्

head

स्फट् • (sphaṭ)

sa-root

स्फट् • (sphaṭ)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pʰel- or *(s)pel- (“to split”) with a *-t- extension. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), English split.


स्फुट्

head

स्फुट् • (sphuṭ)

sa-root

स्फुट् • (sphuṭ)

Sanskritization of Middle Indo-Aryan, whence Pali phuṭita (“burst open”) and Prakrit 𑀨𑀼𑀟𑀇 (phuḍaï, “bursts open”), from an older unattested root *स्फॢत् (sphḷt) or *फॢत् (phḷt), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- with a -t- enlargement. Compare फल (phala), though a Dravidian etymology is also proposed for that term. Compare Old Church Slavonic рас-плитати (ras-plitati, “to cleave, split”), Old English speld (“splinter”), and English split. It is also possible that this root is related to फल् (phal, “to burst, cleave open”) instead, or is of onomatopoeic origin.

to burst, become suddenly rent asunder, split open (with a sound, part asunder

to burst or rend suddenly, break, split, divide


स्फूर्ज्

head

स्फूर्ज् • (sphūrj)

sa-root

स्फूर्ज् • (sphūrj)

/s̪pʰuːɾd͡ʑ/

From Proto-Indo-European *spreHg- (“to crackle, splutter, scatter”), a *-g- extension of *sperH- (“to kick, push away, make a rash movement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σφαραγέομαι (spharagéomai, “crackle, sizzle”), Lithuanian sprógti (“explode, blow, shatter”), and Proto-Germanic *sprekaną whence English speak.


वणिज्य

vaṇijya (romanization)
वणिज्यम् (nominative singular)
वणिज्ये (dual nominative)
वणिज्यानि (nominative plural)
वणिज्या1 (nominative plural)
वणिज्य (singular vocative)
वणिज्ये (dual vocative)
वणिज्यानि (plural vocative)
वणिज्या1 (plural vocative)
वणिज्यम् (accusative singular)
वणिज्ये (accusative dual)
वणिज्यानि (accusative plural)
वणिज्या1 (accusative plural)
वणिज्येन (instrumental singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वणिज्यैः (instrumental plural)
वणिज्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वणिज्याय (dative singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वणिज्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वणिज्यात् (ablative singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वणिज्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वणिज्यस्य (genitive singular)
वणिज्ययोः (dual genitive)
वणिज्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वणिज्ये (locative singular)
वणिज्ययोः (dual locative)
वणिज्येषु (locative plural)

/ʋɐˈɳid͡ʑ.jɐ/


स्पृश्

sa-adj

स्पृश् • (spṛś) stem

(at the end of a compound) touching, coming into contact with


स्पृश्

head

स्पृश् • (spṛś)

sa-root

स्पृश् • (spṛś)


वणिज्या

vaṇijyā́ (romanization)
वणिज्या (nominative singular)
वणिज्ये (dual nominative)
वणिज्याः (nominative plural)
वणिज्ये (singular vocative)
वणिज्ये (dual vocative)
वणिज्याः (plural vocative)
वणिज्याम् (accusative singular)
वणिज्ये (accusative dual)
वणिज्याः (accusative plural)
वणिज्यया (instrumental singular)
वणिज्या1 (instrumental singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वणिज्याभिः (instrumental plural)
वणिज्यायै (dative singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वणिज्याभ्यः (dative plural)
वणिज्यायाः (ablative singular)
वणिज्यायै2 (ablative singular)
वणिज्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वणिज्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
वणिज्यायाः (genitive singular)
वणिज्यायै2 (genitive singular)
वणिज्ययोः (dual genitive)
वणिज्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वणिज्यायाम् (locative singular)
वणिज्ययोः (dual locative)
वणिज्यासु (locative plural)

Pali: vaṇijjā

/ʋɐ.ɳid͡ʑ.jɑ́ː/

/ʋɐˈɳid͡ʑ.jɑː/

वणिज्य वणिज्य#Sanskrit

feminine of वणिज्य (vaṇijya, “trade; traffic”)


स्मि

head

स्मि • (smi)

sa-root

स्मि • (smi)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mey- (“to laugh, be glad”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μειδᾰ́ω (meidắō, “smile”), Proto-Slavic *smьjàti (“to laugh”), Latin mīrus (“wonderful”) the source of English admire etc.; Latvian smieties (“laugh”); English smile and possibly smirk.


स्रु

head

स्रु • (sru)

sa-root

स्रु • (sru)

From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, stream”).
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *strujiti (“to gush out, jet”), *strumy (“stream”); Lithuanian srū́ti (“to stream, flow”); Ancient Greek ῥέω (rhéō, “flow, stream, gush”), ῥῠθμός (rhŭthmós) whence English rhythm; English stream.
Not to be confused with सृ (sṛ) from Proto-Indo-European *sel-.


स्वन्

head

स्वन् • (svan)

sa-root

स्वन् • (svan)

From Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound”). Cognate with Latin sonō the source of English sound, sonic etc.; Old English swinn (“melody”), English swan.


स्वञ्ज्

head

स्वञ्ज् • (svañj)

sa-root

स्वञ्ज् • (svañj)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *sweng-, *swengʷʰ- (“to bend, swing”), in which case, cognate with a complex of Germanic words represented by Proto-Germanic *swinganą (“to swing”) and related terms, including English swing, swank, sway, and via Old Norse, swag, swagger.


स्विद्

head

स्विद् • (svid)

sa-root

स्विद् • (svid)

From Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“sweat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ῑ̔δρώς (hīdrṓs); Latin sūdō, sūdor; English sweat.


हिंस्

head

हिंस् • (hiṃs)

sa-root

हिंस् • (hiṃs)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeys- (“fright”), an extension of *ǵʰey- (“wound, thrust”). See also हेष् (heṣ, “to be strong”).
Compare the semantic development of English thrust and threat, both from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, thrust”).


स्मित

head

स्मित • (smitá)

smitá (romanization)
स्मितः (nominative singular)
स्मितौ (dual nominative)
स्मिता1 (dual nominative)
स्मिताः (nominative plural)
स्मितासः1 (nominative plural)
स्मित (singular vocative)
स्मितौ (dual vocative)
स्मिता1 (dual vocative)
स्मिताः (plural vocative)
स्मितासः1 (plural vocative)
स्मितम् (accusative singular)
स्मितौ (accusative dual)
स्मिता1 (accusative dual)
स्मितान् (accusative plural)
स्मितेन (instrumental singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्मितैः (instrumental plural)
स्मितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्मिताय (dative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्मितात् (ablative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्मितस्य (genitive singular)
स्मितयोः (dual genitive)
स्मितानाम् (genitive plural)
स्मिते (locative singular)
स्मितयोः (dual locative)
स्मितेषु (locative plural)
स्मिता (nominative singular)
स्मिते (dual nominative)
स्मिताः (nominative plural)
स्मिते (singular vocative)
स्मिते (dual vocative)
स्मिताः (plural vocative)
स्मिताम् (accusative singular)
स्मिते (accusative dual)
स्मिताः (accusative plural)
स्मितया (instrumental singular)
स्मिता1 (instrumental singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्मिताभिः (instrumental plural)
स्मितायै (dative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्मिताभ्यः (dative plural)
स्मितायाः (ablative singular)
स्मितायै2 (ablative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्मिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्मितायाः (genitive singular)
स्मितायै2 (genitive singular)
स्मितयोः (dual genitive)
स्मितानाम् (genitive plural)
स्मितायाम् (locative singular)
स्मितयोः (dual locative)
स्मितासु (locative plural)
स्मितम् (nominative singular)
स्मिते (dual nominative)
स्मितानि (nominative plural)
स्मिता1 (nominative plural)
स्मित (singular vocative)
स्मिते (dual vocative)
स्मितानि (plural vocative)
स्मिता1 (plural vocative)
स्मितम् (accusative singular)
स्मिते (accusative dual)
स्मितानि (accusative plural)
स्मिता1 (accusative plural)
स्मितेन (instrumental singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्मितैः (instrumental plural)
स्मितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्मिताय (dative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्मितात् (ablative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्मितस्य (genitive singular)
स्मितयोः (dual genitive)
स्मितानाम् (genitive plural)
स्मिते (locative singular)
स्मितयोः (dual locative)
स्मितेषु (locative plural)

From the root स्मि (smi, “to laugh”). Cognate with English smile.


स्मित

smita (romanization)
स्मितम् (nominative singular)
स्मिते (dual nominative)
स्मितानि (nominative plural)
स्मिता1 (nominative plural)
स्मित (singular vocative)
स्मिते (dual vocative)
स्मितानि (plural vocative)
स्मिता1 (plural vocative)
स्मितम् (accusative singular)
स्मिते (accusative dual)
स्मितानि (accusative plural)
स्मिता1 (accusative plural)
स्मितेन (instrumental singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्मितैः (instrumental plural)
स्मितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्मिताय (dative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्मितात् (ablative singular)
स्मिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्मितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्मितस्य (genitive singular)
स्मितयोः (dual genitive)
स्मितानाम् (genitive plural)
स्मिते (locative singular)
स्मितयोः (dual locative)
स्मितेषु (locative plural)


हीड्

हीड् • (hīḍ)

sa-root

हीड् • (hīḍ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeysd- (“fright, anger”), an extension of *ǵʰey- (“wound, thrust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, whence English ghost.


ह्नु

head

ह्नु • (hnu)

sa-root

ह्नु • (hnu)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰnew- (“to be ashamed”).


स्वप्

head

स्वप् • (svap)

sa-root

स्वप् • (svap)

From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos) (compare English hypno-); Latin somnus; Lithuanian sãpnas (“dream”), Proto-Slavic *sъpati (“to sleep”); Old English swefan (“to sleep”) (compare English sweven (“dream, vision”)).


स्वप्

svap (romanization)
स्वप् (nominative singular)
स्वपौ (dual nominative)
स्वपः (nominative plural)
स्वप् (singular vocative)
स्वपौ (dual vocative)
स्वपः (plural vocative)
स्वपम् (accusative singular)
स्वपौ (accusative dual)
स्वपः (accusative plural)
स्वपा (instrumental singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वब्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्वपे (dative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्वपः (ablative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वपः (genitive singular)
स्वपोः (dual genitive)
स्वपाम् (genitive plural)
स्वपि (locative singular)
स्वपोः (dual locative)
स्वप्सु (locative plural)
स्वप् (nominative singular)
स्वपौ (dual nominative)
स्वपः (nominative plural)
स्वप् (singular vocative)
स्वपौ (dual vocative)
स्वपः (plural vocative)
स्वपम् (accusative singular)
स्वपौ (accusative dual)
स्वपः (accusative plural)
स्वपा (instrumental singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वब्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्वपे (dative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्वपः (ablative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वपः (genitive singular)
स्वपोः (dual genitive)
स्वपाम् (genitive plural)
स्वपि (locative singular)
स्वपोः (dual locative)
स्वप्सु (locative plural)
स्वप् (nominative singular)
स्वपी (dual nominative)
स्वम्पि (nominative plural)
स्वप् (singular vocative)
स्वपी (dual vocative)
स्वम्पि (plural vocative)
स्वप् (accusative singular)
स्वपी (accusative dual)
स्वम्पि (accusative plural)
स्वपा (instrumental singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वब्भिः (instrumental plural)
स्वपे (dative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (dative plural)
स्वपः (ablative singular)
स्वब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वपः (genitive singular)
स्वपोः (dual genitive)
स्वपाम् (genitive plural)
स्वपि (locative singular)
स्वपोः (dual locative)
स्वप्सु (locative plural)


सरमा

sarámā (romanization)
सरमा (nominative singular)
सरमे (singular vocative)
सरमाम् (accusative singular)
सरमया (instrumental singular)
सरमा1 (instrumental singular)
सरमायै (dative singular)
सरमायाः (ablative singular)
सरमायै2 (ablative singular)
सरमायाः (genitive singular)
सरमायै2 (genitive singular)
सरमायाम् (locative singular)

/sɐ.ɾɐ́.mɑː/

/ˈs̪ɐ.ɾɐ.mɑː/

Compound of सर् (sar, “to run”) + अमा (amā).

com+

किमि॒च्छन्ती॑ स॒रमा॒ प्रेदमा॑नड्दू॒रे ह्यध्वा॒ जगु॑रिः परा॒चैः।
कास्मेहि॑ति॒: का परि॑तक्म्यासीत्क॒थं र॒साया॑ अतर॒: पयां॑सि॥
kímicchántī sarámā prédámānaḍdūré hyádhvā jáguriḥ parācaíḥ.
kā́sméhiti: kā́ páritakmyāsītkatháṃ rasā́yā atara: páyāṃsi.
Seeking what has Saramā arrived here, for far is the road, swallowing up (the traveler) in the distance? What is your mission to us? What was the final turn (bringing you here)? How did you cross the waters of the Rasā.

(Hinduism) Sarama, the female dog of the devas, mother of all wild animals, who helped Indra recover Bṛhaspati's cows, stolen by Paṇis, the followers of Vala