द्वार

dvā́ra (romanization)
द्वारम् (nominative singular)
द्वारे (dual nominative)
द्वाराणि (nominative plural)
द्वारा1 (nominative plural)
द्वार (singular vocative)
द्वारे (dual vocative)
द्वाराणि (plural vocative)
द्वारा1 (plural vocative)
द्वारम् (accusative singular)
द्वारे (accusative dual)
द्वाराणि (accusative plural)
द्वारा1 (accusative plural)
द्वारेण (instrumental singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वारैः (instrumental plural)
द्वारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वाराय (dative singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वारेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वारात् (ablative singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वारस्य (genitive singular)
द्वारयोः (dual genitive)
द्वाराणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वारे (locative singular)
द्वारयोः (dual locative)
द्वारेषु (locative plural)

Bihari: बारा (bārā)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: دٲر (dạ̄r)

Devanagari script: दऻर (dạ̄r)

Sharada script: 𑆢𑇋𑆳𑆫 (dạ̄r)

Gujarati: બારણું (bārṇũ)

Saurashtra: ꢣꢵꢬ꣄ (dār)

Kachchi: બાયણો (bāyaṇo)

Marwari: बारणौ (bārṇau)

Pali: dvāra

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀭 (dāra) (see there for further descendants)

Punjabi: ਬਾਰ (bār)

Romani: vudar

→ Assamese: দুৱাৰ (duar)

→ Bengali: দ্বার (dar)

→ Gujarati: દ્વાર (dvār)

→ Hindi: द्वार (dvār)

→ Malayalam: ദ്വാരം (dvāraṁ)

→ Burmese: ဒွာရ (dwara.)

→ Odia: ଦ୍ଵାର (dwārå)

→ Punjabi: ਦੁਆਰ (duāra)

→ Tamil: துவாரம் (tuvāram)

→ Telugu: ద్వారము (dvāramu)

→ Thai: ทวาร (tá-waan)

→ Urdu: دوار (dvār, dwār)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dwā́ram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰwā́ram (compare Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuar^əm), Old Persian 𐎯𐎺𐎼𐎹𐎠 (duvar-, “door, gate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰworom (“enclosure, courtyard, i.e. something enclosed by the door”), accusative of *dʰwer-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic дворъ (dvorŭ, “court, courtyard”), Latin forum (“forum, market-place”) and Lithuanian dvãras (“estate”). This Proto-Indo-European neuter is a derivation of the basic feminine root noun *dʰwer-, *dʰwor- (“door, gate”) that also gave Sanskrit द्वार् (dvā́r).

cog

अप॒ द्वारा॑ मती॒नां प्र॒त्ना ऋ॑ण्वन्ति का॒रव॑:।
वृष्णो॒ हर॑स आ॒यव॑:॥
ápa dvā́rā matīnā́ṃ pratnā́ ṛṇvanti kārávaḥ.

The singing-men ancient time open the doors of sacred songs, men, for the mighty to accept.

c. 800 BCE – 300 BCE, Early Upaniṣads

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā

नवद्वार नवद्वार#Sanskrit

opening, aperture (especially of the human body; compare नवद्वार (náva-dvāra))

द्वारेण

by means of, with regard or according to

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature

c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra

1238 – 1317, Madhvācārya, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha

a way, means, medium (the māheśvaras hold that there are 6 dvāras or means of obtaining religious ecstasy - Sarvad.)


अधर्म

adharma (romanization)
अधर्मः (nominative singular)
अधर्मौ (dual nominative)
अधर्मा1 (dual nominative)
अधर्माः (nominative plural)
अधर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
अधर्म (singular vocative)
अधर्मौ (dual vocative)
अधर्मा1 (dual vocative)
अधर्माः (plural vocative)
अधर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
अधर्मम् (accusative singular)
अधर्मौ (accusative dual)
अधर्मा1 (accusative dual)
अधर्मान् (accusative plural)
अधर्मेण (instrumental singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधर्मैः (instrumental plural)
अधर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधर्माय (dative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधर्मात् (ablative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधर्मस्य (genitive singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual genitive)
अधर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
अधर्मे (locative singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual locative)
अधर्मेषु (locative plural)

→ Lao: ອະທຳ (ʼa tham)

desc

→ Thai: อธรรม

→ Thai: อธรรม

unrighteousness, wickedness, demerit, guilt, injustice, sin, irreligion


स्पर्श

sparśá (romanization)
स्पर्शः (nominative singular)
स्पर्शौ (dual nominative)
स्पर्शा1 (dual nominative)
स्पर्शाः (nominative plural)
स्पर्शासः1 (nominative plural)
स्पर्श (singular vocative)
स्पर्शौ (dual vocative)
स्पर्शा1 (dual vocative)
स्पर्शाः (plural vocative)
स्पर्शासः1 (plural vocative)
स्पर्शम् (accusative singular)
स्पर्शौ (accusative dual)
स्पर्शा1 (accusative dual)
स्पर्शान् (accusative plural)
स्पर्शेन (instrumental singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्पर्शैः (instrumental plural)
स्पर्शेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्पर्शाय (dative singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्पर्शेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्पर्शात् (ablative singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्पर्शेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्पर्शस्य (genitive singular)
स्पर्शयोः (dual genitive)
स्पर्शानाम् (genitive plural)
स्पर्शे (locative singular)
स्पर्शयोः (dual locative)
स्पर्शेषु (locative plural)


द्वेष

dvéṣa (romanization)
द्वेषः (nominative singular)
द्वेषौ (dual nominative)
द्वेषा1 (dual nominative)
द्वेषाः (nominative plural)
द्वेषासः1 (nominative plural)
द्वेष (singular vocative)
द्वेषौ (dual vocative)
द्वेषा1 (dual vocative)
द्वेषाः (plural vocative)
द्वेषासः1 (plural vocative)
द्वेषम् (accusative singular)
द्वेषौ (accusative dual)
द्वेषा1 (accusative dual)
द्वेषान् (accusative plural)
द्वेषेण (instrumental singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वेषैः (instrumental plural)
द्वेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वेषाय (dative singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वेषात् (ablative singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वेषस्य (genitive singular)
द्वेषयोः (dual genitive)
द्वेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वेषे (locative singular)
द्वेषयोः (dual locative)
द्वेषेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: द्वेष (dveṣ)

→ Kannada: ದ್ವೇಷ (dvēṣa)

→ Marathi: द्वेष (dveṣ)

→ Tamil: துவேசம் (tuvēcam)

→ Telugu: ద్వేషము (dvēṣamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáyšas (“fear, hatred”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóy-sos, from *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬵 n (duuaēšah, “hostility”), Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós), Middle Persian byš (bēš, “pain”), Latin dīrus.


देह

déha (romanization)
देहः (nominative singular)
देहौ (dual nominative)
देहा1 (dual nominative)
देहाः (nominative plural)
देहासः1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहौ (dual vocative)
देहा1 (dual vocative)
देहाः (plural vocative)
देहासः1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहौ (accusative dual)
देहा1 (accusative dual)
देहान् (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)
देहम् (nominative singular)
देहे (dual nominative)
देहानि (nominative plural)
देहा1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहे (dual vocative)
देहानि (plural vocative)
देहा1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहे (accusative dual)
देहानि (accusative plural)
देहा1 (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: দেহা (deha) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: দেহ (deho)

→ Hindi: देह (deh)

→ Kannada: ದೇಹ (dēha)

→ Malayalam: ദേഹം (dēhaṁ)

→ Marathi: देह (deh)

→ Sinhalese: දේහය (dēhaya)

→ Tamil: தேகம் (tēkam)

→ Telugu: దేహము (dēhamu)

→ Urdu: دیہ (deh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéyǵʰ-o-s, from *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, to knead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos), English dough, Latin fingō (whence English figure, fiction etc).


दया

dayā (romanization)
दया (nominative singular)
दये (dual nominative)
दयाः (nominative plural)
दये (singular vocative)
दये (dual vocative)
दयाः (plural vocative)
दयाम् (accusative singular)
दये (accusative dual)
दयाः (accusative plural)
दयया (instrumental singular)
दया1 (instrumental singular)
दयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दयाभिः (instrumental plural)
दयायै (dative singular)
दयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दयाभ्यः (dative plural)
दयायाः (ablative singular)
दयायै2 (ablative singular)
दयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दयायाः (genitive singular)
दयायै2 (genitive singular)
दययोः (dual genitive)
दयानाम् (genitive plural)
दयायाम् (locative singular)
दययोः (dual locative)
दयासु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: দয়া (doẏa)

→ Hindi: दया (dayā)

→ Marathi: दया (dayā)

→ Old Javanese: dayā

Pali: dayā

→ Tamil: தயை (tayai), தயவு (tayavu)

From the root दय् (day, “to divide, impart, take part in”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y-.


ज्ञान

jñā́na (romanization)
ज्ञानम् (nominative singular)
ज्ञाने (dual nominative)
ज्ञानानि (nominative plural)
ज्ञाना1 (nominative plural)
ज्ञान (singular vocative)
ज्ञाने (dual vocative)
ज्ञानानि (plural vocative)
ज्ञाना1 (plural vocative)
ज्ञानम् (accusative singular)
ज्ञाने (accusative dual)
ज्ञानानि (accusative plural)
ज्ञाना1 (accusative plural)
ज्ञानेन (instrumental singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्ञानैः (instrumental plural)
ज्ञानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ज्ञानाय (dative singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्ञानेभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्ञानात् (ablative singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्ञानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्ञानस्य (genitive singular)
ज्ञानयोः (dual genitive)
ज्ञानानाम् (genitive plural)
ज्ञाने (locative singular)
ज्ञानयोः (dual locative)
ज्ञानेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: जाण (j̈āṇ)

desctree

Pali: ñāṇa
→ Burmese: ဉာဏ် (nyan)
→ Khmer: ញាណ (ñiən)
→ Thai: ญาณ (yaan)

Prakrit:

Gujarati: જાણ (jāṇ)

Hindi: जान (jān)

Punjabi: ਜਾਣ (jāṇ)

→ Assamese: জ্ঞান (gyan) (learned)

→ Bengali: জ্ঞান (gên) (learned)

→ English: jnana (learned)

→ Gujarati: જ્ઞાન (jñān) (learned)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज्ञान (jñān)

Urdu: گیان (gyān)

→ Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna)

→ Marathi: ज्ञान (jñān)

→ Nepali: ज्ञान (gyān)

→ Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨ (giāna)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀜𑀸𑀷𑀫𑁆 (ñāṉam)
Tamil: ஞானம் (ñāṉam)

→ Telugu: జ్ఞానము (jñānamu)

→ Sylheti: ꠉꠤꠀꠘ (gian)

/d͡ʑɲɑ́ː.nɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna)
From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”) + -अन (-ana).

विज्ञान

cognitive capacity, discernment, intelligence; proficiency; consciousness

knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (esp.) the higher knowledge (in Buddhism, pure awareness free from conceptual constructs; in Hinduism, true knowledge of the Self's identity with the Ultimate Reality)

ज्ञानाद् अज्ञानाद् वा

अज्ञान अज्ञान#Sanskrit

"knowledge about anything cognizance" (compare ज्ञानतस् (jñānatas) and अज्ञान (ajñāna))

= ज्ञानेन्द्रिय (jñānendriya)

सर्पिषस् सर्पिस्#Sanskrit

engaging in (+ genitive, e.g. सर्पिषस् (sarpiṣas, “in sacrifice with clarified butter”))


अनेक

head

अनेक • (anéka)

anéka (romanization)
अनेकः (nominative singular)
अनेकौ (dual nominative)
अनेका1 (dual nominative)
अनेकाः (nominative plural)
अनेकासः1 (nominative plural)
अनेक (singular vocative)
अनेकौ (dual vocative)
अनेका1 (dual vocative)
अनेकाः (plural vocative)
अनेकासः1 (plural vocative)
अनेकम् (accusative singular)
अनेकौ (accusative dual)
अनेका1 (accusative dual)
अनेकान् (accusative plural)
अनेकेन (instrumental singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनेकैः (instrumental plural)
अनेकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अनेकाय (dative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनेकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अनेकात् (ablative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनेकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनेकस्य (genitive singular)
अनेकयोः (dual genitive)
अनेकानाम् (genitive plural)
अनेके (locative singular)
अनेकयोः (dual locative)
अनेकेषु (locative plural)
अनेका (nominative singular)
अनेके (dual nominative)
अनेकाः (nominative plural)
अनेके (singular vocative)
अनेके (dual vocative)
अनेकाः (plural vocative)
अनेकाम् (accusative singular)
अनेके (accusative dual)
अनेकाः (accusative plural)
अनेकया (instrumental singular)
अनेका1 (instrumental singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनेकाभिः (instrumental plural)
अनेकायै (dative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनेकाभ्यः (dative plural)
अनेकायाः (ablative singular)
अनेकायै2 (ablative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनेकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनेकायाः (genitive singular)
अनेकायै2 (genitive singular)
अनेकयोः (dual genitive)
अनेकानाम् (genitive plural)
अनेकायाम् (locative singular)
अनेकयोः (dual locative)
अनेकासु (locative plural)
अनेकम् (nominative singular)
अनेके (dual nominative)
अनेकानि (nominative plural)
अनेका1 (nominative plural)
अनेक (singular vocative)
अनेके (dual vocative)
अनेकानि (plural vocative)
अनेका1 (plural vocative)
अनेकम् (accusative singular)
अनेके (accusative dual)
अनेकानि (accusative plural)
अनेका1 (accusative plural)
अनेकेन (instrumental singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनेकैः (instrumental plural)
अनेकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अनेकाय (dative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनेकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अनेकात् (ablative singular)
अनेकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनेकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनेकस्य (genitive singular)
अनेकयोः (dual genitive)
अनेकानाम् (genitive plural)
अनेके (locative singular)
अनेकयोः (dual locative)
अनेकेषु (locative plural)


प्रिय

sa-adj

प्रेयस्, प्रियतर

प्रेष्ठ, प्रियतम

प्रिय • (priyá) stem (comparative प्रेयस्, प्रियतर, superlative प्रेष्ठ, प्रियतम)

priyá (romanization)
प्रेयस् (comparative)
प्रियतर (comparative)
प्रेष्ठ (superlative)
प्रियतम (superlative)
प्रियः (nominative singular)
प्रियौ (dual nominative)
प्रिया1 (dual nominative)
प्रियाः (nominative plural)
प्रियासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रिय (singular vocative)
प्रियौ (dual vocative)
प्रिया1 (dual vocative)
प्रियाः (plural vocative)
प्रियासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रियम् (accusative singular)
प्रियौ (accusative dual)
प्रिया1 (accusative dual)
प्रियान् (accusative plural)
प्रियेण (instrumental singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रियैः (instrumental plural)
प्रियेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रियाय (dative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रियेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रियात् (ablative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रियेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रियस्य (genitive singular)
प्रिययोः (dual genitive)
प्रियाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रिये (locative singular)
प्रिययोः (dual locative)
प्रियेषु (locative plural)
प्रिया (nominative singular)
प्रिये (dual nominative)
प्रियाः (nominative plural)
प्रिये (singular vocative)
प्रिये (dual vocative)
प्रियाः (plural vocative)
प्रियाम् (accusative singular)
प्रिये (accusative dual)
प्रियाः (accusative plural)
प्रियया (instrumental singular)
प्रिया1 (instrumental singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रियाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रियायै (dative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रियाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रियायाः (ablative singular)
प्रियायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रियाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रियायाः (genitive singular)
प्रियायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रिययोः (dual genitive)
प्रियाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रियायाम् (locative singular)
प्रिययोः (dual locative)
प्रियासु (locative plural)
प्रियम् (nominative singular)
प्रिये (dual nominative)
प्रियाणि (nominative plural)
प्रिया1 (nominative plural)
प्रिय (singular vocative)
प्रिये (dual vocative)
प्रियाणि (plural vocative)
प्रिया1 (plural vocative)
प्रियम् (accusative singular)
प्रिये (accusative dual)
प्रियाणि (accusative plural)
प्रिया1 (accusative plural)
प्रियेण (instrumental singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रियैः (instrumental plural)
प्रियेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रियाय (dative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रियेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रियात् (ablative singular)
प्रियाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रियेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रियस्य (genitive singular)
प्रिययोः (dual genitive)
प्रियाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रिये (locative singular)
प्रिययोः (dual locative)
प्रियेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: প্রিয় (priẏo)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya)

Awadhi: पिया (piyā)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: [script needed] (piye)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පිය (piya)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya)

Bengali: পিয়া (piẏa)

Bihari: पिया (piyā)

Maithili: पिआ (piā)

Bhojpuri: पिया (piyā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya)

Marathi: पियो (piyo)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Sindhi: pirī

Arabic: پري

Devanagari: पिरी

Pali: piya

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀬 (piya)

Gujarati: પિયુ (piyu)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पिया (piyā)

Urdu: پیا (piyā)

→ Malay: peria

Indonesian: pria

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *priHás (“dear, beloved”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“dear, liked, beloved”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (friia), Latin prō-prius (→ English proper, appropriate), Russian приятель (prijatelʹ, “friend”), English friend and free.

inh

मा नो महान्तमुत मा नो अर्भकं मा न उक्षन्तमुत मा न उक्षितम् ।
मा नो वधीः पितरं मोत मातरं मा नः प्रियास्तन्वो रुद्र रीरिषः ॥
mā no mahāntamuta mā no arbhakaṃ mā na ukṣantamuta mā na ukṣitam.

O Rudra, harm not either great or small of us, harm not the growing boy, harm not the full-grown man.
Slay not a sire among us, slay no mother here, and do not harm our own dear bodies, O Rudra.

mā no vadhīḥ pitaraṃ mota mātaraṃ mā naḥ priyāstanvo rudra rīriṣaḥ.

beloved, dear to (with locative or genitive or dative of the subject or in compounds)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


प्राण

prāṇá (romanization)
प्राणः (nominative singular)
प्राणौ (dual nominative)
प्राणा1 (dual nominative)
प्राणाः (nominative plural)
प्राणासः1 (nominative plural)
प्राण (singular vocative)
प्राणौ (dual vocative)
प्राणा1 (dual vocative)
प्राणाः (plural vocative)
प्राणासः1 (plural vocative)
प्राणम् (accusative singular)
प्राणौ (accusative dual)
प्राणा1 (accusative dual)
प्राणान् (accusative plural)
प्राणेन (instrumental singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्राणैः (instrumental plural)
प्राणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्राणाय (dative singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्राणेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्राणात् (ablative singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्राणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्राणस्य (genitive singular)
प्राणयोः (dual genitive)
प्राणानाम् (genitive plural)
प्राणे (locative singular)
प्राणयोः (dual locative)
प्राणेषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: ပြန် (pran)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಾಣ (prāṇa)

→ English: prana

→ Hindi: प्राण (prāṇ)

→ Marathi: प्राण (prāṇ)

→ Odia: ପ୍ରାଣ (prāṇa)

→ Bengali: প্রাণ (pran)

→ Bengali: পরাণ (poran) (semi-learned)

Pali: pāṇa

→ Telugu: ప్రాణము (prāṇamu)

→ Khmer: ប្រាណ (praan)

→ Thai: ปราณ (bpraan)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

breath, respiration, the breath of life, vitality, life, vital air (usually plural in this sense)

व्यान व्यान#Sanskrit

the first of the five life-winds or vital airs, which has its seat in the lungs (the other four being अपान (apāna), समान (samāna), व्यान (vyāna) and उदान (udāna))

प्राणसार प्राणसार#Sanskrit

energy, vigor, strength, power (as in प्राणसार (prāṇasāra))

the spirit or soul (as opposed to शरीर (śarīra))

आत्मन् आत्मन्#Sanskrit


शब्द

śábda (romanization)
शब्दः (nominative singular)
शब्दौ (dual nominative)
शब्दा1 (dual nominative)
शब्दाः (nominative plural)
शब्दासः1 (nominative plural)
शब्द (singular vocative)
शब्दौ (dual vocative)
शब्दा1 (dual vocative)
शब्दाः (plural vocative)
शब्दासः1 (plural vocative)
शब्दम् (accusative singular)
शब्दौ (accusative dual)
शब्दा1 (accusative dual)
शब्दान् (accusative plural)
शब्देन (instrumental singular)
शब्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शब्दैः (instrumental plural)
शब्देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शब्दाय (dative singular)
शब्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शब्देभ्यः (dative plural)
शब्दात् (ablative singular)
शब्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शब्देभ्यः (ablative plural)
शब्दस्य (genitive singular)
शब्दयोः (dual genitive)
शब्दानाम् (genitive plural)
शब्दे (locative singular)
शब्दयोः (dual locative)
शब्देषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)

Marathi: साद (sād)

Konkani: साद (sād)

desctree

Pali: sadda
→ Burmese: သဒ္ဒါ (sadda)
→ Kannada: ಸದ್ದು (saddu)
→ Khmer: សទ្ទ (sattĕəʼ)
→ Thai: สัท- (sàt-)
⇒ Thai: สัทอักษร (sàt-tá-àk-sɔ̌ɔn)
⇒ Thai: สัทศาสตร์ (sàt-tá-sàat)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀤𑁆𑀤 (sadda)

Gujarati: સાદ (sād)

Hindi: साद (sād)

Punjabi: ਸੱਦ (sadda)

→ Bengali: শব্দ (śobdo)

→ Early Assamese: শবদ (śobodo)

Assamese: শব্দ (xobdo)

→ Bodo (India): सोदोब (swdwb)

→ Gujarati: શબ્દ (śabd)

→ Hindi: शब्द (śabd)

→ Kannada: ಶಬ್ದ (śabda)

→ Khmer: សព្ទ (sap)

→ Lao: ສັບ (sap)

→ Malay: sabda
Indonesian: sabda

→ Malayalam: ശബ്ദം (śabdaṁ)

→ Marathi: शब्द (śabda)

→ Old Javanese: śabda
> Javanese: ꦱꦧ꧀ꦢ (sabda) (inherited)
>? Javanese: ꦱꦼꦢ (seda)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬩ᭄ᬤ (sabda)

→ Odia: ଶବ୍ଦ (śabda)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਬਦ (śabd)

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠧ (śobdo)

→ Tamil: சத்தம் (cattam)

⇒ Telugu: శబ్దము (śabdamu)

→ Thai: ศัพท์ (sàp)

From the root शप् (śap, “to curse; swear”) + -द (-da).


स्नेह

sa-noun

स्नेह • (snéha) stem, m or n (root स्निह्)

snéha (romanization)
स्निह् (root)
स्नेहः (nominative singular)
स्नेहौ (dual nominative)
स्नेहा1 (dual nominative)
स्नेहाः (nominative plural)
स्नेहासः1 (nominative plural)
स्नेह (singular vocative)
स्नेहौ (dual vocative)
स्नेहा1 (dual vocative)
स्नेहाः (plural vocative)
स्नेहासः1 (plural vocative)
स्नेहम् (accusative singular)
स्नेहौ (accusative dual)
स्नेहा1 (accusative dual)
स्नेहान् (accusative plural)
स्नेहेन (instrumental singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नेहैः (instrumental plural)
स्नेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्नेहाय (dative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नेहात् (ablative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नेहस्य (genitive singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual genitive)
स्नेहानाम् (genitive plural)
स्नेहे (locative singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual locative)
स्नेहेषु (locative plural)
स्नेहम् (nominative singular)
स्नेहे (dual nominative)
स्नेहानि (nominative plural)
स्नेहा1 (nominative plural)
स्नेह (singular vocative)
स्नेहे (dual vocative)
स्नेहानि (plural vocative)
स्नेहा1 (plural vocative)
स्नेहम् (accusative singular)
स्नेहे (accusative dual)
स्नेहानि (accusative plural)
स्नेहा1 (accusative plural)
स्नेहेन (instrumental singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नेहैः (instrumental plural)
स्नेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्नेहाय (dative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नेहात् (ablative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नेहस्य (genitive singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual genitive)
स्नेहानाम् (genitive plural)
स्नेहे (locative singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual locative)
स्नेहेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sinēha

desc

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀦𑁂𑀳 (sineha), 𑀲𑀦𑁂𑀳 (saneha), 𑀦𑁂𑀳 (neha)

Central:

Hindustani: neh, nehā

Hindi: नेह, नेहा

Hindi: नेह, नेहा

Urdu: نیہ, نیہا

Urdu: نیہ, نیہا

Eastern:

Assamese: নেহা (neha)

Bengali: নেহ (neho)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: नेह (nēh)

Maithili: नेह (nēh), नेहु (nēhʉ)

Northern:

Kumaoni: नेह (neh)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: nē̃h, nĩh, nehũ, nẽho, nihũ, nehuṛā

Gurmukhi script: ਨੇਂਹ, ਨਿੰਹ, ਨੇਹੁੰ, ਨੇਂਹੋ, ਨਿਹੁੰ, ਨੇਹੁੜਾ

Shahmukhi script: نیں٘ہ, نِن٘ہ, نیہُں, نین٘ہو, نِہُں, نیہُڑا

Sindhi: nehu, nī˜hu

Arabic script: نيهُ, نِينهُ

Devanagari script: नेहु, नींहु

Southern:

Sinhalese: සෙනෙහෙ (senehe), සෙනේ (senē), සිනේ (sinē)

Western:

Gujarati: નેહ (neh), નેડો (neḍo)

Borrowed terms

→ Kannada: ಸ್ನೇಹ (snēha)

→ Malayalam: സ്നേഹം (snēhaṁ)

→ Tamil: சினேகம் (ciṉēkam)

→ Telugu: స్నేహము (snēhamu)

→ Thai: เสน่ห์ (sà-nèe)

/ˈs̪n̪eː.ɦɐ/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *snáyźʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *snáyǰʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”). Cognate with English snow.

inh+

oiliness, unctuousness, fattiness, greasiness, lubricity, viscidity (also as one of the 24 gunas of the vaisheshika branch of the Nyaya philosophy)

oil, grease, fat, any oleaginous substance, an unguent

blandness, tenderness, love, attachment to, fondness or affection for (locative, genitive, or compound), friendship with (saha)

(in the plural) name of the Vaishyas in Kushadvipa


नित्य

head

नित्य • (nítya)


नित्य

नित्य • (nítya)

→ Hindi: नित्य (nitya)

→ Malayalam: നിത്യ (nitya)

→ Marathi: नित्य (nitya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: nitya
> Javanese: ꦤꦶꦠꦾ (nitya) (inherited)

Pali: nicca

Punjabi: ਨਿੱਤ (nitta)

→ Tamil: நித்தியம் (nittiyam)

→ Telugu: నిత్యము (nityamu)


नित्य

head

नित्य • (nítya)

nítya (romanization)
नित्यः (nominative singular)
नित्यौ (dual nominative)
नित्याः (nominative plural)
नित्य (singular vocative)
नित्यौ (dual vocative)
नित्याः (plural vocative)
नित्यम् (accusative singular)
नित्यौ (accusative dual)
नित्यान् (accusative plural)
नित्येण (instrumental singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नित्यैः (instrumental plural)
नित्याय (dative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नित्येभ्यः (dative plural)
नित्यात् (ablative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नित्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
नित्यस्य (genitive singular)
नित्ययोः (dual genitive)
नित्याणाम् (genitive plural)
नित्ये (locative singular)
नित्ययोः (dual locative)
नित्येषु (locative plural)
नित्या (nominative singular)
नित्ये (dual nominative)
नित्याः (nominative plural)
नित्ये (singular vocative)
नित्ये (dual vocative)
नित्याः (plural vocative)
नित्याम् (accusative singular)
नित्ये (accusative dual)
नित्याः (accusative plural)
नित्यया (instrumental singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नित्याभिः (instrumental plural)
नित्यायै (dative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नित्याभ्यः (dative plural)
नित्यायाः (ablative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नित्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
नित्यायाः (genitive singular)
नित्ययोः (dual genitive)
नित्याणाम् (genitive plural)
नित्यायाम् (locative singular)
नित्ययोः (dual locative)
नित्यासु (locative plural)
नित्यम् (nominative singular)
नित्ये (dual nominative)
नित्याणि (nominative plural)
नित्य (singular vocative)
नित्ये (dual vocative)
नित्याणि (plural vocative)
नित्यम् (accusative singular)
नित्ये (accusative dual)
नित्याणि (accusative plural)
नित्येण (instrumental singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नित्यैः (instrumental plural)
नित्याय (dative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नित्येभ्यः (dative plural)
नित्यात् (ablative singular)
नित्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नित्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
नित्यस्य (genitive singular)
नित्ययोः (dual genitive)
नित्याणाम् (genitive plural)
नित्ये (locative singular)
नित्ययोः (dual locative)
नित्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of नित्य

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of नित्य

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">नित्य</i>

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

नित्याभ्याम्

From Proto-Indo-European *nítyos (“one's own”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *niþjaz (“relative, kinsman”) whence Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niþjis, “kinsman”).


कार्य

head

कार्य • (kāryà)

kāryà (romanization)
metrical Vedic kāríya (romanization)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ryas (“to be done”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór-yo-s, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia, “(that which is) to be done”).

cog

शतहस्त समाहर सहस्रहस्त सं किर ।
कृतस्य कार्यस्य चेह स्फातिं समावह ॥
śatahasta samāhara sahasrahasta saṃ kira.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 3.24.5

O Hundred-handed, gather up. O Thousand-handed, pour thou forth.
Bring hither the growth of the corn prepared and yet to be prepared.

future passive participle of कृ (kṛ); to be made or done, to be prepared


कार्य

kāryà (romanization)
metrical Vedic kāríya (romanization)
कार्यः (nominative singular)
कार्यौ (dual nominative)
कार्या1 (dual nominative)
कार्याः (nominative plural)
कार्यासः1 (nominative plural)
कार्य (singular vocative)
कार्यौ (dual vocative)
कार्या1 (dual vocative)
कार्याः (plural vocative)
कार्यासः1 (plural vocative)
कार्यम् (accusative singular)
कार्यौ (accusative dual)
कार्या1 (accusative dual)
कार्यान् (accusative plural)
कार्येण (instrumental singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कार्यैः (instrumental plural)
कार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कार्याय (dative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
कार्यात् (ablative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
कार्यस्य (genitive singular)
कार्ययोः (dual genitive)
कार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
कार्ये (locative singular)
कार्ययोः (dual locative)
कार्येषु (locative plural)
कार्या (nominative singular)
कार्ये (dual nominative)
कार्याः (nominative plural)
कार्ये (singular vocative)
कार्ये (dual vocative)
कार्याः (plural vocative)
कार्याम् (accusative singular)
कार्ये (accusative dual)
कार्याः (accusative plural)
कार्यया (instrumental singular)
कार्या1 (instrumental singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कार्याभिः (instrumental plural)
कार्यायै (dative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कार्याभ्यः (dative plural)
कार्यायाः (ablative singular)
कार्यायै2 (ablative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कार्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
कार्यायाः (genitive singular)
कार्यायै2 (genitive singular)
कार्ययोः (dual genitive)
कार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
कार्यायाम् (locative singular)
कार्ययोः (dual locative)
कार्यासु (locative plural)
कार्यम् (nominative singular)
कार्ये (dual nominative)
कार्याणि (nominative plural)
कार्या1 (nominative plural)
कार्य (singular vocative)
कार्ये (dual vocative)
कार्याणि (plural vocative)
कार्या1 (plural vocative)
कार्यम् (accusative singular)
कार्ये (accusative dual)
कार्याणि (accusative plural)
कार्या1 (accusative plural)
कार्येण (instrumental singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कार्यैः (instrumental plural)
कार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कार्याय (dative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
कार्यात् (ablative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
कार्यस्य (genitive singular)
कार्ययोः (dual genitive)
कार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
कार्ये (locative singular)
कार्ययोः (dual locative)
कार्येषु (locative plural)


कार्य

kāryà (romanization)
कार्यम् (nominative singular)
कार्ये (dual nominative)
कार्याणि (nominative plural)
कार्या1 (nominative plural)
कार्य (singular vocative)
कार्ये (dual vocative)
कार्याणि (plural vocative)
कार्या1 (plural vocative)
कार्यम् (accusative singular)
कार्ये (accusative dual)
कार्याणि (accusative plural)
कार्या1 (accusative plural)
कार्येण (instrumental singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कार्यैः (instrumental plural)
कार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कार्याय (dative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
कार्यात् (ablative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
कार्यस्य (genitive singular)
कार्ययोः (dual genitive)
कार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
कार्ये (locative singular)
कार्ययोः (dual locative)
कार्येषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨐𐨪𐨁𐨩 (kariya)

Pali: kāriya

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) (early grammaticalized possessive marker, see there for further descendants)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kajja)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Bengali: কাজ (kaj)
Early Assamese: কায (kajo)
Assamese: কাজ (kaz)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Old Marathi: काज (kāja)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Gujarati: કાજ (kāj)
Hindi: काज (kāj)


क्षेत्र

क्षेत्र ॑ (canonical)
kṣétra (romanization)
क्षेत्रम् (nominative singular)
क्षेत्रे (dual nominative)
क्षेत्राणि (nominative plural)
क्षेत्रा1 (nominative plural)
क्षेत्र (singular vocative)
क्षेत्रे (dual vocative)
क्षेत्राणि (plural vocative)
क्षेत्रा1 (plural vocative)
क्षेत्रम् (accusative singular)
क्षेत्रे (accusative dual)
क्षेत्राणि (accusative plural)
क्षेत्रा1 (accusative plural)
क्षेत्रेण (instrumental singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षेत्रैः (instrumental plural)
क्षेत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्षेत्राय (dative singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षेत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षेत्रात् (ablative singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षेत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षेत्रस्य (genitive singular)
क्षेत्रयोः (dual genitive)
क्षेत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षेत्रे (locative singular)
क्षेत्रयोः (dual locative)
क्षेत्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

→ Kalasha: č̣hetr

→ Khowar: ݯھیتُر (c̣hétur)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪 (kṣetra)

Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (khĕtta), 𑀙𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (chĕtta) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: khetta
→ Khmer: ខេត្ត (khaet)
→ Lao: ເຂດ (khēt)
→ Thai: เขต (kèet)
→ Tocharian B: keta (learned)

Borrowed terms

→ Middle Chinese: 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la)

zh-l

剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)

→ Mandarin: 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)

desc

→ Middle Korean: 刹 (뎔, dyeol), 刹 (졀, jyeol)

→ Japanese: 寺 (てら, tera)

→ Korean: 찰 (chal), 절 (jeol)

→ Vietnamese: 剎 (sát)

→ Assamese: ক্ষেত্ৰ (khetro)

→ Bengali: ক্ষেত্র (khetro)

→ English: kshetra

→ Hindi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Marathi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (kṣētra)

→ Khmer: ក្សេត្រ (kseet)

→ Lao: ກະເສດ (ka sēt)

→ Nepali: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Odia: କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (kshetra), କ୍ଷେତ (ksheta)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: kṣetra, setra
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠꦿ (sétra) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: setra (“field”)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬾᬢ᭄ᬭ (setra)
→ Indonesian: setra (“graveyard, cemetery”)

desc

→ Tamil: கேத்திரம் (kēttiram), சேத்து (cēttu), சேத்திரம் (cēttiram), க்ஷேத்திரம் (kṣēttiram)

→ Telugu: క్షేత్రము (kṣētramu), క్షేత్రం (kṣētraṁ)

→ Thai: เกษตร (gà-sèet)

/ˈkʂeːt̪.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram
Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom. Cognate with Avestan 𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (šōiθra), English home.

etymon

क्षेत्र॑

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


रूप

rūpá (romanization)
रूपम् (nominative singular)
रूपे (dual nominative)
रूपाणि (nominative plural)
रूपा1 (nominative plural)
रूप (singular vocative)
रूपे (dual vocative)
रूपाणि (plural vocative)
रूपा1 (plural vocative)
रूपम् (accusative singular)
रूपे (accusative dual)
रूपाणि (accusative plural)
रूपा1 (accusative plural)
रूपेण (instrumental singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रूपैः (instrumental plural)
रूपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रूपाय (dative singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
रूपात् (ablative singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रूपस्य (genitive singular)
रूपयोः (dual genitive)
रूपाणाम् (genitive plural)
रूपे (locative singular)
रूपयोः (dual locative)
रूपेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: rūpa
→ Burmese: ရူပ (rupa.), ရုပ် (rup)

Southern:

Elu:

Sinhalese: රුව (ruwa), රූ (rū)

Dhivehi: ރޫ (rū)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀅 (rūa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: રુડ઼ુ (ruṛu)

Hindustani:

Hindi: रूड़ा (rūṛā)

desc

Urdu: رُوڑَا (rūṛā)

Urdu: رُوڑَا (rūṛā)

→ Odia: ରୂପ (rupa)

→ Assamese: ৰূপ (rup)

→ Bengali: রূপ (rup)

→ Bhojpuri: रूप (rūp)

→ Hindi: रूप (rūp)

→ Kannada: ರೂಪ (rūpa)

→ Khmer: រូប (ruup)

→ Lao: ຮູບ (hūp)

→ Malayalam: രൂപം (rūpaṁ)

→ Malay: rupa

→ Marathi: रूप (rūp)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rūpa
> Javanese: ꦫꦸꦥ (rupa) (inherited)

→ Punjabi: ਰੂਪ (rūp)

→ Sinhalese: රෑප (rǣpa)

desc

→ Tamil: ரூபம் (rūpam), உருவம் (uruvam), உரு (uru)

→ Telugu: రూపము (rūpamu)

→ Thai: รูป (rûup)

→ Urdu: روپ (rūp)

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?]. Perhaps related to Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀𐬥- (urvan-, “soul; immortal part of a human being or an animal”) and Persian روان (ravân, “soul”). Not related to वर्पस् (várpas).


नियम

niyamá (romanization)
नियमः (nominative singular)
नियमौ (dual nominative)
नियमा1 (dual nominative)
नियमाः (nominative plural)
नियमासः1 (nominative plural)
नियम (singular vocative)
नियमौ (dual vocative)
नियमा1 (dual vocative)
नियमाः (plural vocative)
नियमासः1 (plural vocative)
नियमम् (accusative singular)
नियमौ (accusative dual)
नियमा1 (accusative dual)
नियमान् (accusative plural)
नियमेन (instrumental singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नियमैः (instrumental plural)
नियमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नियमाय (dative singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नियमेभ्यः (dative plural)
नियमात् (ablative singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नियमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नियमस्य (genitive singular)
नियमयोः (dual genitive)
नियमानाम् (genitive plural)
नियमे (locative singular)
नियमयोः (dual locative)
नियमेषु (locative plural)

Pali: niyama

→ Hindi: नियम (niyam)

→ Marathi: नियम (niyam)

→ Bengali: নিয়ম (niẏom)

Punjabi: ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃, “justice”), ਨੇਮ (nem, “rule”), → ਨਿਯਮ (niyam) (learned)

restraining, checking, holding back, preventing, controlling


पावक

pāvaká (romanization)
पवाक (metrically)
पावकः (nominative singular)
पावकौ (dual nominative)
पावका1 (dual nominative)
पावकाः (nominative plural)
पावकासः1 (nominative plural)
पावक (singular vocative)
पावकौ (dual vocative)
पावका1 (dual vocative)
पावकाः (plural vocative)
पावकासः1 (plural vocative)
पावकम् (accusative singular)
पावकौ (accusative dual)
पावका1 (accusative dual)
पावकान् (accusative plural)
पावकेन (instrumental singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पावकैः (instrumental plural)
पावकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पावकाय (dative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पावकात् (ablative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पावकस्य (genitive singular)
पावकयोः (dual genitive)
पावकानाम् (genitive plural)
पावके (locative singular)
पावकयोः (dual locative)
पावकेषु (locative plural)
पावका (nominative singular)
पावके (dual nominative)
पावकाः (nominative plural)
पावके (singular vocative)
पावके (dual vocative)
पावकाः (plural vocative)
पावकाम् (accusative singular)
पावके (accusative dual)
पावकाः (accusative plural)
पावकया (instrumental singular)
पावका1 (instrumental singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पावकाभिः (instrumental plural)
पावकायै (dative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पावकाभ्यः (dative plural)
पावकायाः (ablative singular)
पावकायै2 (ablative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पावकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पावकायाः (genitive singular)
पावकायै2 (genitive singular)
पावकयोः (dual genitive)
पावकानाम् (genitive plural)
पावकायाम् (locative singular)
पावकयोः (dual locative)
पावकासु (locative plural)
पावकम् (nominative singular)
पावके (dual nominative)
पावकानि (nominative plural)
पावका1 (nominative plural)
पावक (singular vocative)
पावके (dual vocative)
पावकानि (plural vocative)
पावका1 (plural vocative)
पावकम् (accusative singular)
पावके (accusative dual)
पावकानि (accusative plural)
पावका1 (accusative plural)
पावकेन (instrumental singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पावकैः (instrumental plural)
पावकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पावकाय (dative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पावकात् (ablative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पावकस्य (genitive singular)
पावकयोः (dual genitive)
पावकानाम् (genitive plural)
पावके (locative singular)
पावकयोः (dual locative)
पावकेषु (locative plural)

/pɐ.ʋɑː.kɐ́/

/ˈpɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawHākás, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); compare Parthian [Term?] (/pawāg/), Persian پاک (pâk, “pure”). The Sanskrit root is पू (pū, “to purify”).

der

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


पावक

pāvaká (romanization)
पवाक (metrically)
पावकः (nominative singular)
पावकौ (dual nominative)
पावका1 (dual nominative)
पावकाः (nominative plural)
पावकासः1 (nominative plural)
पावक (singular vocative)
पावकौ (dual vocative)
पावका1 (dual vocative)
पावकाः (plural vocative)
पावकासः1 (plural vocative)
पावकम् (accusative singular)
पावकौ (accusative dual)
पावका1 (accusative dual)
पावकान् (accusative plural)
पावकेन (instrumental singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पावकैः (instrumental plural)
पावकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पावकाय (dative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पावकात् (ablative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पावकस्य (genitive singular)
पावकयोः (dual genitive)
पावकानाम् (genitive plural)
पावके (locative singular)
पावकयोः (dual locative)
पावकेषु (locative plural)

→ Malay: pawaka

/pɐ.ʋɑː.kɐ́/

/ˈpɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/

the number three (like all words for "fire", because fire is of three kinds)


पण्डित

sa-adj

पण्डित • (paṇḍitá) stem

paṇḍitá (romanization)
पण्डितः (nominative singular)
पण्डितौ (dual nominative)
पण्डिता1 (dual nominative)
पण्डिताः (nominative plural)
पण्डितासः1 (nominative plural)
पण्डित (singular vocative)
पण्डितौ (dual vocative)
पण्डिता1 (dual vocative)
पण्डिताः (plural vocative)
पण्डितासः1 (plural vocative)
पण्डितम् (accusative singular)
पण्डितौ (accusative dual)
पण्डिता1 (accusative dual)
पण्डितान् (accusative plural)
पण्डितेन (instrumental singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पण्डितैः (instrumental plural)
पण्डितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पण्डिताय (dative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पण्डितात् (ablative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पण्डितस्य (genitive singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual genitive)
पण्डितानाम् (genitive plural)
पण्डिते (locative singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual locative)
पण्डितेषु (locative plural)
पण्डिता (nominative singular)
पण्डिते (dual nominative)
पण्डिताः (nominative plural)
पण्डिते (singular vocative)
पण्डिते (dual vocative)
पण्डिताः (plural vocative)
पण्डिताम् (accusative singular)
पण्डिते (accusative dual)
पण्डिताः (accusative plural)
पण्डितया (instrumental singular)
पण्डिता1 (instrumental singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पण्डिताभिः (instrumental plural)
पण्डितायै (dative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पण्डिताभ्यः (dative plural)
पण्डितायाः (ablative singular)
पण्डितायै2 (ablative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पण्डिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
पण्डितायाः (genitive singular)
पण्डितायै2 (genitive singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual genitive)
पण्डितानाम् (genitive plural)
पण्डितायाम् (locative singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual locative)
पण्डितासु (locative plural)
पण्डितम् (nominative singular)
पण्डिते (dual nominative)
पण्डितानि (nominative plural)
पण्डिता1 (nominative plural)
पण्डित (singular vocative)
पण्डिते (dual vocative)
पण्डितानि (plural vocative)
पण्डिता1 (plural vocative)
पण्डितम् (accusative singular)
पण्डिते (accusative dual)
पण्डितानि (accusative plural)
पण्डिता1 (accusative plural)
पण्डितेन (instrumental singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पण्डितैः (instrumental plural)
पण्डितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पण्डिताय (dative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पण्डितात् (ablative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पण्डितस्य (genitive singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual genitive)
पण्डितानाम् (genitive plural)
पण्डिते (locative singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual locative)
पण्डितेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (paṇṇā)bor.?
Sanskrit पण्डा (paṇḍā)
Sanskrit -इत (-ita)
Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita)
पण्डा (paṇḍā) + -इत (-ita). पण्डा (paṇḍā) is of uncertain etymology, but is likely a sanskritization of प्रज्ञा (prajñā, “wisdom”). See पण्डा (paṇḍā) for more.

etymon

c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad

सांख्ययोगौ पृथग्बालाः प्रवदन्ति न पण्डिताः। एकमप्यास्थितः सम्यगुभयोर्विन्दते फलम्॥
sāṃkhyayogau pṛthagbālāḥ pravadanti na paṇḍitāḥ. ekamapyāsthitaḥ samyagubhayorvindate phalam.
Only the ignorant speak of devotional service [karma-yoga] as being different from the analytical study of the material world [Sāṃkhya]. Those who are actually learned say that he who applies himself well to one of these paths achieves the results of both.

learned, wise, shrewd, clever, skilful in, conversant with (with locative case)


पण्डित

paṇḍitá (romanization)
पण्डितः (nominative singular)
पण्डितौ (dual nominative)
पण्डिता1 (dual nominative)
पण्डिताः (nominative plural)
पण्डितासः1 (nominative plural)
पण्डित (singular vocative)
पण्डितौ (dual vocative)
पण्डिता1 (dual vocative)
पण्डिताः (plural vocative)
पण्डितासः1 (plural vocative)
पण्डितम् (accusative singular)
पण्डितौ (accusative dual)
पण्डिता1 (accusative dual)
पण्डितान् (accusative plural)
पण्डितेन (instrumental singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पण्डितैः (instrumental plural)
पण्डितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पण्डिताय (dative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पण्डितात् (ablative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पण्डितस्य (genitive singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual genitive)
पण्डितानाम् (genitive plural)
पण्डिते (locative singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual locative)
पण्डितेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: paṇḍita
→ Burmese: ပဏ္ဍိတ (pandi.ta.)
→ Thai: บัณฑิต (ban-dìt)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia)

Marathi: पांड्या (pāṇḍyā)

Hindustani: pā̃ḍe

Hindi: पाँडे

desc

Urdu: پان٘ڈے (pā̃ḍe)

Urdu: پان٘ڈے (pā̃ḍe)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: paṇḍe
Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦺ (pandhé)
→ Malay: pandai
Indonesian: pandai
Sabah Malay: pandai
→ Cantonese: 扮𠮨 (baan6 naai3)
→ Cebuano: panday
→ Maranao: panday
→ Semai: panèy
→ Tagalog: panday

Old Javanese: paṇḍita
Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ (pandhita)
→ Indonesian: pandita
→ Malay: pendeta
Indonesian: pendeta
→ Balinese: ᬧᬡ᭄ᬟᬶᬢ (pandita)

Chinese: 班智達 /班智达 (bānzhìdá) (phono-semantic matching)

श्री भगवानुवाच
अशोच्यनन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे। गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः॥
śrī bhagavānuvāca
aśocyananvaśocastvaṃ prajñāvādāṃśca bhāṣase. gatāsūnagatāsūṃśca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ.
The lord [Kṛṣṇa] said: While speaking learned words, you are mourning for what is not worthy of grief. Wise people lament neither for the living nor for the dead.

विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनि। शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिताः समदर्शिनः॥
The wise people, by virtue of true knowledge, see with equal vision a learned and gentle brāhmaṇa, a cow, an elephant, a dog and an outcaste [lit. dog-eater].

scholar, a learned man, wise person teacher, philosopher, pundit

a Hindu Brahmin who has memorized a substantial portion of the Vedas, along with the corresponding rhythms and melodies for chanting or singing them; a pundit


मान

māna (romanization)
मानः (nominative singular)
मानौ (dual nominative)
माना1 (dual nominative)
मानाः (nominative plural)
मानासः1 (nominative plural)
मान (singular vocative)
मानौ (dual vocative)
माना1 (dual vocative)
मानाः (plural vocative)
मानासः1 (plural vocative)
मानम् (accusative singular)
मानौ (accusative dual)
माना1 (accusative dual)
मानान् (accusative plural)
मानेन (instrumental singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानैः (instrumental plural)
मानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानाय (dative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानात् (ablative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानस्य (genitive singular)
मानयोः (dual genitive)
मानानाम् (genitive plural)
माने (locative singular)
मानयोः (dual locative)
मानेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मान (mān)

→ Marathi: मान (mān)

→ Tamil: மானம் (māṉam)

→ Telugu: మానము (mānamu)

→ Punjabi: ماݨ/ਮਾਣ (māṇ)

Vṛddhi derivative of मन् (man, “to think; to form a thought”, root) + -अ (-a) (nominalization suffix).

vrd

(also in the neuter) consideration; regard; respect; honour

a wounded sense of honour (anger or indignation excited by jealousy, caprice, or sulking)

मानगतिं च दर्शयति सेतुसंक्रामभृतश् च भवति सर्वलोकस्य ।

c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1

He seems to be giving way to pride, and meanwhile he serves as a bridge and a passage for everyone.

mānagatiṃ ca darśayati setusaṃkrāmabhṛtaś ca bhavati sarvalokasya.

self-conceit; arrogance; pride (in the negative sense)


मान

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dmáHnas.


मान

māna (romanization)
मानम् (nominative singular)
माने (dual nominative)
मानानि (nominative plural)
माना1 (nominative plural)
मान (singular vocative)
माने (dual vocative)
मानानि (plural vocative)
माना1 (plural vocative)
मानम् (accusative singular)
माने (accusative dual)
मानानि (accusative plural)
माना1 (accusative plural)
मानेन (instrumental singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानैः (instrumental plural)
मानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानाय (dative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानात् (ablative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानस्य (genitive singular)
मानयोः (dual genitive)
मानानाम् (genitive plural)
माने (locative singular)
मानयोः (dual locative)
मानेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मान (mān) (learned)

From मा (mā, “to measure; to mete out”, root) + -अन (-ana, nominalization suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-.

suffix

measure; measuring standard (such as a cord)

dimension; size; length (in space or time)


यम

yáma (romanization)
यम् (root)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yámas, from Proto-Indo-European *yém-o-s, from *yem- (“to hold, restrain”). Cognate with Albanian gjem.

suppression, restraint; self-restraint (in Yoga)


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)
यमा (nominative singular)
यमे (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमे (singular vocative)
यमे (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमाम् (accusative singular)
यमे (accusative dual)
यमाः (accusative plural)
यमया (instrumental singular)
यमा1 (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमाभिः (instrumental plural)
यमायै (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमाभ्यः (dative plural)
यमायाः (ablative singular)
यमायै2 (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमाभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमायाः (genitive singular)
यमायै2 (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमायाम् (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमासु (locative plural)
यमी (nominative singular)
यम्यौ (dual nominative)
यमी1 (dual nominative)
यम्यः (nominative plural)
यमीः1 (nominative plural)
यमि (singular vocative)
यम्यौ (dual vocative)
यमी1 (dual vocative)
यम्यः (plural vocative)
यमीः1 (plural vocative)
यमीम् (accusative singular)
यम्यौ (accusative dual)
यमी1 (accusative dual)
यमीः (accusative plural)
यम्या (instrumental singular)
यमीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमीभिः (instrumental plural)
यम्यै (dative singular)
यमीभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमीभ्यः (dative plural)
यम्याः (ablative singular)
यम्यै2 (ablative singular)
यमीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमीभ्यः (ablative plural)
यम्याः (genitive singular)
यम्यै2 (genitive singular)
यम्योः (dual genitive)
यमीनाम् (genitive plural)
यम्याम् (locative singular)
यम्योः (dual locative)
यमीषु (locative plural)
यमम् (nominative singular)
यमे (dual nominative)
यमानि (nominative plural)
यमा1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमे (dual vocative)
यमानि (plural vocative)
यमा1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमे (accusative dual)
यमानि (accusative plural)
यमा1 (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yamás, from Proto-Indo-European *yemHós (“connected, paired”), from *yemH- (“twin”). Cognate with Latin Remus.


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: جمےژ (ǰamiž)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: යමා (yamā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जेंवां (jēnvā̃)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: जवा (javā)

Pali: yama


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमम् (nominative singular)
यमे (dual nominative)
यमानि (nominative plural)
यमा1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमे (dual vocative)
यमानि (plural vocative)
यमा1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमे (accusative dual)
यमानि (accusative plural)
यमा1 (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)


यम

→ Balinese: ᬬᬫ (yama)

→ Bengali: যম (jom)

→ Manipuri: ꯌꯃ (yama)

→ Middle Chinese: 閻魔 (MC yem ma)

zh-l

閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

Mandarin: 閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

→ Japanese: 閻魔 (えんま, enma)

→ Korean: 염마 (yeomma), 閻魔

→ Vietnamese: Diêm Ma

→ Japanese: 夜摩 (Yama)

desctree

→ Old Marathi: 𑘧𑘦 (yama)
Marathi: यम (yam)

Pali: yama

→ Burmese: ယာမာ (yama)

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (yama)

Khmer: យម (yum)

→ Thai: ยม (yom)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀫 (jama)

→ Tamil: யமன் (yamaṉ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yamás.

प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्य॒: पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम्।
वै॒व॒स्व॒तं सं॒गम॑नं॒ जना॑नां य॒मं राजा॑नं ह॒विषा॑ दुवस्य॥
pareyivā́ṃsaṃ praváto mahī́ránu bahúbhya: pánthāmanupaspaśānám.
vaivasvatáṃ saṃgámanaṃ jánānāṃ yamáṃ rā́jānaṃ havíṣā duvasya.
Honour the King (of the Pitṛs) with your oblations, Yama, Vivasvan's Son, who gathers men together, who travelled to the lofty heights above us, who searches out and shows the path to many.

Yama, the god of death, afterlife and justice, the twin brother of Yamuna and believed to have been the first mortal to die


दुःख

duḥkhá (romanization)
दुःखम् (nominative singular)
दुःखे (dual nominative)
दुःखानि (nominative plural)
दुःखा1 (nominative plural)
दुःख (singular vocative)
दुःखे (dual vocative)
दुःखानि (plural vocative)
दुःखा1 (plural vocative)
दुःखम् (accusative singular)
दुःखे (accusative dual)
दुःखानि (accusative plural)
दुःखा1 (accusative plural)
दुःखेन (instrumental singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःखैः (instrumental plural)
दुःखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दुःखाय (dative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःखात् (ablative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःखस्य (genitive singular)
दुःखयोः (dual genitive)
दुःखानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःखे (locative singular)
दुःखयोः (dual locative)
दुःखेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: দুখ (dukh)

Romani: dukh

→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)

→ Bikol Central: dukha

→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)

→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)

→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)

→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)

→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)

→ Pali: dukkha
→ Malay: duka
→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)
→ English: dukkha
→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)
→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)
→ Tagalog: dukhâ

→ Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)

→ Tagalog: dukha

⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)

⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)

→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)

→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)

Created as antonym to सुख n (sukhá, “ease, pleasure”), with the element दुस्- (dus-).

sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain


दुःख

duḥkhá (romanization)
दुःखः (nominative singular)
दुःखौ (dual nominative)
दुःखा1 (dual nominative)
दुःखाः (nominative plural)
दुःखासः1 (nominative plural)
दुःख (singular vocative)
दुःखौ (dual vocative)
दुःखा1 (dual vocative)
दुःखाः (plural vocative)
दुःखासः1 (plural vocative)
दुःखम् (accusative singular)
दुःखौ (accusative dual)
दुःखा1 (accusative dual)
दुःखान् (accusative plural)
दुःखेन (instrumental singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःखैः (instrumental plural)
दुःखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दुःखाय (dative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःखात् (ablative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःखस्य (genitive singular)
दुःखयोः (dual genitive)
दुःखानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःखे (locative singular)
दुःखयोः (dual locative)
दुःखेषु (locative plural)
दुःखा (nominative singular)
दुःखे (dual nominative)
दुःखाः (nominative plural)
दुःखे (singular vocative)
दुःखे (dual vocative)
दुःखाः (plural vocative)
दुःखाम् (accusative singular)
दुःखे (accusative dual)
दुःखाः (accusative plural)
दुःखया (instrumental singular)
दुःखा1 (instrumental singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःखाभिः (instrumental plural)
दुःखायै (dative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःखाभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःखायाः (ablative singular)
दुःखायै2 (ablative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःखाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःखायाः (genitive singular)
दुःखायै2 (genitive singular)
दुःखयोः (dual genitive)
दुःखानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःखायाम् (locative singular)
दुःखयोः (dual locative)
दुःखासु (locative plural)
दुःखम् (nominative singular)
दुःखे (dual nominative)
दुःखानि (nominative plural)
दुःखा1 (nominative plural)
दुःख (singular vocative)
दुःखे (dual vocative)
दुःखानि (plural vocative)
दुःखा1 (plural vocative)
दुःखम् (accusative singular)
दुःखे (accusative dual)
दुःखानि (accusative plural)
दुःखा1 (accusative plural)
दुःखेन (instrumental singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःखैः (instrumental plural)
दुःखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दुःखाय (dative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःखात् (ablative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःखस्य (genitive singular)
दुःखयोः (dual genitive)
दुःखानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःखे (locative singular)
दुःखयोः (dual locative)
दुःखेषु (locative plural)

painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतः (nominative singular)
अमृतौ (dual nominative)
अमृता1 (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृतासः1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृतौ (dual vocative)
अमृता1 (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृतासः1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृतौ (accusative dual)
अमृता1 (accusative dual)
अमृतान् (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)
अमृता (nominative singular)
अमृते (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृते (singular vocative)
अमृते (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृताम् (accusative singular)
अमृते (accusative dual)
अमृताः (accusative plural)
अमृतया (instrumental singular)
अमृता1 (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृताभिः (instrumental plural)
अमृतायै (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृताभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतायाः (ablative singular)
अमृतायै2 (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतायाः (genitive singular)
अमृतायै2 (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृतायाम् (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतासु (locative plural)
अमृतम् (nominative singular)
अमृते (dual nominative)
अमृतानि (nominative plural)
अमृता1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृते (dual vocative)
अमृतानि (plural vocative)
अमृता1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृते (accusative dual)
अमृतानि (accusative plural)
अमृता1 (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

Pali: amata
→ Thai: อมตะ (à-má-dtà)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *amŕ̥tas (“immortal”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (aməša, “immortal”), Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”). Equivalent to अ- (a-) + मृत (mṛta).
The nouns derive fairly readily from the adjective.

cog

आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न् अ॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च ।
हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न् ॥
ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyann amṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.

Advancing throughout the dusky firmament, laying to rest the immortal and the mortal,
Borne in his golden chariot he cometh, Savitar, the God who looks on every creature.

hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

पाञ्चजन्याभिषिक्तश्च राजामृतमुखोऽभवत् ॥

Bathed with the sanctified water of the shankha, the king became beautiful-faced.


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतः (nominative singular)
अमृतौ (dual nominative)
अमृता1 (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृतासः1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृतौ (dual vocative)
अमृता1 (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृतासः1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृतौ (accusative dual)
अमृता1 (accusative dual)
अमृतान् (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Pueraria montana var. lobata#Translingual

kudzu, a vine of variety Pueraria montana var. lobata (syn. Phaseolus trilobus)


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतम् (nominative singular)
अमृते (dual nominative)
अमृतानि (nominative plural)
अमृता1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृते (dual vocative)
अमृतानि (plural vocative)
अमृता1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृते (accusative dual)
अमृतानि (accusative plural)
अमृता1 (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀫𑀬 (amaya), 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀬 (amiya), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀬 (amuya)

Assamese: অমিয়া (omia), অমিয় (omio)

Gujarati: અમી (amī)

Odia: ଅମିଅ (amia)

Pali: amata

→ Assamese: অমিতা (omita)

→ English: amrita

→ Hindi: अमृत (amŕt)

→ Indonesian: amerta

desctree

→ Old Tamil: 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amirtam), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amutam)
Tamil: அமிர்தம் (amirtam)

→ Polish: amrita

→ Thai: อมฤต (à-má-rít)

न मृत्युर् आसीद् अमृतं न तर्हि न रात्र्या अह्न आसीत् प्रकेतः ।
आनीद् अवातं स्वधया तद् एकं तस्माद् धान्यन् न परः किं चनास ॥
na mṛtyur āsīd amṛtaṃ na tarhi na rātryā ahna āsīt praketaḥ.

Death was not then, nor was there immortality: no sign was there, the day's and night's divider. That One Thing, breathless, breathed by its own nature: apart from it was nothing whatsoever.

ānīd avātaṃ svadhayā tad ekaṃ tasmād dhānyan na paraḥ kiṃ canāsa.

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti


अमृत

sa-verb

अमृत • (ámṛta) third-singular indicative (type A, aorist, root मृ)

ámṛta (romanization)
मृ (root)
अमृत (aorist)
अमृत (indicative singular third-person)
अम्राताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अम्रत (indicative plural third-person)
अमृथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अम्राथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अमृध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अम्रि (first-person indicative singular)
अमृवहि (dual first-person indicative)
अमृमहि (first-person indicative plural)
मृत (injunctive singular third-person)
म्राताम् (dual injunctive third-person)
म्रन्त (injunctive plural third-person)
मृथाः (injunctive second-person singular)
म्राथाम् (dual injunctive second-person)
मृध्वम् (injunctive plural second-person)
म्रि (first-person injunctive singular)
मृवहि (dual first-person injunctive)
मृमहि (first-person injunctive plural)
मरते (singular subjunctive third-person)
मरातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
मरैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
मरन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
मरसे (second-person singular subjunctive)
मरासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
मरैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
मरध्वे (plural second-person subjunctive)
मराध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
मरै (first-person singular subjunctive)
मरावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
मरामहे (first-person plural subjunctive)
मरामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)

Pali: marati

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀇 (maraï) (see there for further descendants)

From the middle voice of Proto-Indo-European *mért, athematic root aorist of *mer- (“to die”).


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखः (nominative singular)
सुखौ (dual nominative)
सुखा1 (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुखासः1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखौ (dual vocative)
सुखा1 (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखासः1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखौ (accusative dual)
सुखा1 (accusative dual)
सुखान् (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)
सुखा (nominative singular)
सुखे (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुखे (singular vocative)
सुखे (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखाम् (accusative singular)
सुखे (accusative dual)
सुखाः (accusative plural)
सुखया (instrumental singular)
सुखा1 (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखाभिः (instrumental plural)
सुखायै (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखाभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखायाः (ablative singular)
सुखायै2 (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखाभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखायाः (genitive singular)
सुखायै2 (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखायाम् (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखासु (locative plural)
सुखम् (nominative singular)
सुखे (dual nominative)
सुखानि (nominative plural)
सुखा1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखे (dual vocative)
सुखानि (plural vocative)
सुखा1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखे (accusative dual)
सुखानि (accusative plural)
सुखा1 (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)?
Sanskrit ख (kha)?
Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)
Said to be from सु- (su-) + ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but the sense "pleasant, etc." possibly reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) + स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).

etymon

सु॒ख

सुखतम सुखतम#Sanskrit

running swiftly or easily (only applied to cars or chariots, superlative सुखतम (sukhá-tama)), easy

सुखतर सुखतर#Sanskrit

pleasant (rarely with this meaning in Vedas), agreeable, gentle, mild (comparative सुखतर (sukhá-tará))

सुखिन् सुखिन्#Sanskrit

comfortable, happy, prosperous (सुखिन् (sukhin))


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखः (nominative singular)
सुखौ (dual nominative)
सुखा1 (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुखासः1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखौ (dual vocative)
सुखा1 (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखासः1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखौ (accusative dual)
सुखा1 (accusative dual)
सुखान् (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

सु॒ख

a kind of military array, compare दण्ड (daṇḍa)


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखम् (nominative singular)
सुखे (dual nominative)
सुखानि (nominative plural)
सुखा1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखे (dual vocative)
सुखानि (plural vocative)
सुखा1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखे (accusative dual)
सुखानि (accusative plural)
सुखा1 (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀖 (sugha), 𑀲𑀼𑀳 (suha), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Pali: sukha
→ Mon: သုခ
→ Burmese: သုခ (su.hka.)
→ Shan: သုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (sṵ̂k khâ̰a)

Borrowed terms

→ Assamese: সুখ (xukh)

→ Bengali: সুখ (śukh)

→ Hindi: सुख (sukh)

→ Khmer: សុខ (sok)

→ Malay: suka

Indonesian: suka

→ Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)

→ Marathi: सुख (sukh)

→ Thai: สุข (sùk)

⇒ Telugu: సుఖము (sukhamu)

etymon

सु॒ख

happiness (in m personified as a child of Dharma and Siddhi)

sukham-√kṛ

महता सुखेन


देव

devá (romanization)
देवस् (nominative singular)
देवौ (dual nominative)
देवा1 (dual nominative)
देवाः (nominative plural)
देवासः1 (nominative plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवौ (dual vocative)
देवा1 (dual vocative)
देवाः (plural vocative)
देवासः1 (plural vocative)
देवम् (accusative singular)
देवौ (accusative dual)
देवा1 (accusative dual)
देवान् (accusative plural)
देवेन (instrumental singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवैः (instrumental plural)
देवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवाय (dative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवात् (ablative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवस्य (genitive singular)
देवयोः (dual genitive)
देवानाम् (genitive plural)
देवे (locative singular)
देवयोः (dual locative)
देवेषु (locative plural)
देवी (nominative singular)
देव्यौ (dual nominative)
देवी1 (dual nominative)
देव्यः (nominative plural)
देवीः1 (nominative plural)
देवि (singular vocative)
देव्यौ (dual vocative)
देवी1 (dual vocative)
देव्यः (plural vocative)
देवीः1 (plural vocative)
देवीम् (accusative singular)
देव्यौ (accusative dual)
देवी1 (accusative dual)
देवीः (accusative plural)
देव्या (instrumental singular)
देवीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवीभिः (instrumental plural)
देव्यै (dative singular)
देवीभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवीभ्यः (dative plural)
देव्याः (ablative singular)
देव्यै2 (ablative singular)
देवीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवीभ्यः (ablative plural)
देव्याः (genitive singular)
देव्यै2 (genitive singular)
देव्योः (dual genitive)
देवीनाम् (genitive plural)
देव्याम् (locative singular)
देव्योः (dual locative)
देवीषु (locative plural)
देवम् (nominative singular)
देवे (dual nominative)
देवानि (nominative plural)
देवा1 (nominative plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवे (dual vocative)
देवानि (plural vocative)
देवा1 (plural vocative)
देवम् (accusative singular)
देवे (accusative dual)
देवानि (accusative plural)
देवा1 (accusative plural)
देवेन (instrumental singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवैः (instrumental plural)
देवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवाय (dative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवात् (ablative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवस्य (genitive singular)
देवयोः (dual genitive)
देवानाम् (genitive plural)
देवे (locative singular)
देवयोः (dual locative)
देवेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian دیو (dēv), Latin deus, divus.

inh

heavenly, divine, also said of terrestrial things of high excellence (Rigvedic)


देव

devá (romanization)
déva (romanization)
देवस् (nominative singular)
देवौ (dual nominative)
देवा1 (dual nominative)
देवाः (nominative plural)
देवासः1 (nominative plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवौ (dual vocative)
देवा1 (dual vocative)
देवाः (plural vocative)
देवासः1 (plural vocative)
देवम् (accusative singular)
देवौ (accusative dual)
देवा1 (accusative dual)
देवान् (accusative plural)
देवेन (instrumental singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवैः (instrumental plural)
देवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवाय (dative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवात् (ablative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवस्य (genitive singular)
देवयोः (dual genitive)
देवानाम् (genitive plural)
देवे (locative singular)
देवयोः (dual locative)
देवेषु (locative plural)

Pali: deva (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Shina: دیو (deu, “demon, ogre”)

Southern:

Dhivehi: ދެވި (devi, “demon”)

Eastern:

Assamese: দেউ (deu, “evil spirit”)

Odia: ଦେଉ (deu, “prince”)

Northwestern:

Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਦੇਉ (deu, “god, devil”)

Punjabi: دیو (deu, “god, devil”)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڏيو (ḍ̠eu)

Devanagari script: ॾेउ (ḍ̠eu)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: देऊ (deū, “rain”)

desc

Kumaoni: द्यो (“god, rain”), दिओ (“rain”)

Nepali: देउ (deu, “god”)

Borrowings

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: [script needed] (dē, “god, oath”)

→ Assamese: দেৱ (dew)

→ Old Awadhi: (learned) deva

Devanagari script: देव

Kaithi script: 𑂠𑂵𑂫

→ Chakma: 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄴 (deb, “god; king”)

→ Chinese: 提婆 (típó)

→ English: deva

→ Hindi: देव (dev)

→ Old Gujarati: देव (deva)

→ Kannada: ದೇವ (dēva)

→ Kashmiri: دیو (dev)

→ Malay: dewa

→ Marathi: देव (dev)

→ Odia: ଦେବ (deba)

→ Punjabi: ਦੇਵ (dev)

→ Marwari: देव (dev)

→ Kalasha: [script needed] (dewa, “god”)

→ Tamil: தேவன் (tēvaṉ)

→ Telugu: దేవుడు (dēvuḍu)

तं य॒ज्ञं ब॒र्हिषि॒ प्रौक्ष॒न्पुरु॑षं जा॒तम॑ग्र॒तः।
तेन॑ दे॒वा अ॑यजन्त सा॒ध्या ऋष॑यश्च॒ ये॥
táṃ yajñáṃ barhíṣi praúkṣanpúruṣaṃ jātámagratáḥ.
téna devā́ ayajanta sādhyā́ ṛ́ṣayaśca yé.
They immolated as the victim upon the sacred grass Puruṣa, born before creation;

with him the deities who were Sādhyas and those who were Ṛṣis sacrificed.

अधा॑कृणोः पृथि॒वीं सं॒दृशे॑ दि॒वे यो धौ॑ती॒नाम॑हिह॒न्नारि॑णक्प॒थः।
तं त्वा॒ स्तोमे॑भिरु॒दभि॒र्न वा॒जिनं॑ दे॒वं दे॒वा अ॑जन॒न्त्सास्यु॒क्थ्य॑:॥
ádhākṛṇoḥ pṛthivī́ṃ saṃdṛ́śe divé yó dhautīnā́mahihannā́riṇakpatháḥ.

You have created earth to look upon the sky: you, slaying Ahi, have set free the river's paths.
You, such, a god, the gods have quickened with their praises, even as a steed with waters: meet for praise are you.

táṃ tvā stómebhirudábhirná vājínaṃ deváṃ devā́ ajanantsā́syukthyà:.

deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33. (Rigvedic, also accented déva according to Panini 3.3.120)

rarely also of evil demons (Atharvaveda, Taittiriya Samhita)

name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain (Epics)

a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or "your honour" (Rigvedic)

देवदत्त देवदत्त#Sanskrit

as a given name, diminutive of देवदत्त (devadatta) (Panini 5.3.83)


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
सूर्यः (nominative singular)
सूर्यौ (dual nominative)
सूर्या1 (dual nominative)
सूर्याः (nominative plural)
सूर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
सूर्य (singular vocative)
सूर्यौ (dual vocative)
सूर्या1 (dual vocative)
सूर्याः (plural vocative)
सूर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
सूर्यम् (accusative singular)
सूर्यौ (accusative dual)
सूर्या1 (accusative dual)
सूर्यान् (accusative plural)
सूर्येण (instrumental singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूर्यैः (instrumental plural)
सूर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूर्याय (dative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
सूर्यात् (ablative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूर्यस्य (genitive singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual genitive)
सूर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सूर्ये (locative singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual locative)
सूर्येषु (locative plural)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

ए॒वा पा॑हि प्र॒त्नथा॒ मन्द॑तु त्वा श्रु॒धि ब्रह्म॑ वावृ॒धस्वो॒त गी॒र्भिः।
आ॒विः सूर्यं॑ कृणु॒हि पी॑पि॒हीषो॑ ज॒हि शत्रूँ॑र॒भि गा इ॑न्द्र तृन्धि॥
evā́ pāhi pratnáthā mándatu tvā śrudhí bráhma vāvṛdhásvotá gīrbhíḥ.

O Indra, drink it as of old, and may it exhilarate you; hear our prayer, and be exalted by our praises; make the sun visible, nourish us with food, destroy our enemies and rescue the cattle.

āvíḥ sū́ryaṃ kṛṇuhí pīpihī́ṣo jahí śátrūm̐rabhí gā́ indra tṛndhi.


सूर्य

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

You, Sūrya, outstrip all in speed; you are visible to all; you are the source of light; you shine throughout the entire firmament

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
सूर्यः (nominative singular)
सूर्यौ (dual nominative)
सूर्या1 (dual nominative)
सूर्याः (nominative plural)
सूर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
सूर्य (singular vocative)
सूर्यौ (dual vocative)
सूर्या1 (dual vocative)
सूर्याः (plural vocative)
सूर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
सूर्यम् (accusative singular)
सूर्यौ (accusative dual)
सूर्या1 (accusative dual)
सूर्यान् (accusative plural)
सूर्येण (instrumental singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूर्यैः (instrumental plural)
सूर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूर्याय (dative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
सूर्यात् (ablative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूर्यस्य (genitive singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual genitive)
सूर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सूर्ये (locative singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual locative)
सूर्येषु (locative plural)
सूर्या (nominative singular)
सूर्ये (dual nominative)
सूर्याः (nominative plural)
सूर्ये (singular vocative)
सूर्ये (dual vocative)
सूर्याः (plural vocative)
सूर्याम् (accusative singular)
सूर्ये (accusative dual)
सूर्याः (accusative plural)
सूर्यया (instrumental singular)
सूर्या1 (instrumental singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूर्याभिः (instrumental plural)
सूर्यायै (dative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूर्याभ्यः (dative plural)
सूर्यायाः (ablative singular)
सूर्यायै2 (ablative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूर्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूर्यायाः (genitive singular)
सूर्यायै2 (genitive singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual genitive)
सूर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सूर्यायाम् (locative singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual locative)
सूर्यासु (locative plural)
सूर्यम् (nominative singular)
सूर्ये (dual nominative)
सूर्याणि (nominative plural)
सूर्या1 (nominative plural)
सूर्य (singular vocative)
सूर्ये (dual vocative)
सूर्याणि (plural vocative)
सूर्या1 (plural vocative)
सूर्यम् (accusative singular)
सूर्ये (accusative dual)
सूर्याणि (accusative plural)
सूर्या1 (accusative plural)
सूर्येण (instrumental singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूर्यैः (instrumental plural)
सूर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूर्याय (dative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
सूर्यात् (ablative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूर्यस्य (genitive singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual genitive)
सूर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सूर्ये (locative singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual locative)
सूर्येषु (locative plural)


ये

inflection of यद् (yad, “who”):
nominative plural masculine


से

dative singular of सा (sā, “name of Lakshmi or Gauri”)


इन

iná (romanization)
इनः (nominative singular)
इनौ (dual nominative)
इना1 (dual nominative)
इनाः (nominative plural)
इनासः1 (nominative plural)
इन (singular vocative)
इनौ (dual vocative)
इना1 (dual vocative)
इनाः (plural vocative)
इनासः1 (plural vocative)
इनम् (accusative singular)
इनौ (accusative dual)
इना1 (accusative dual)
इनान् (accusative plural)
इनेन (instrumental singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इनैः (instrumental plural)
इनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इनाय (dative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इनेभ्यः (dative plural)
इनात् (ablative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इनस्य (genitive singular)
इनयोः (dual genitive)
इनानाम् (genitive plural)
इने (locative singular)
इनयोः (dual locative)
इनेषु (locative plural)


इन

iná (romanization)
इनः (nominative singular)
इनौ (dual nominative)
इना1 (dual nominative)
इनाः (nominative plural)
इनासः1 (nominative plural)
इन (singular vocative)
इनौ (dual vocative)
इना1 (dual vocative)
इनाः (plural vocative)
इनासः1 (plural vocative)
इनम् (accusative singular)
इनौ (accusative dual)
इना1 (accusative dual)
इनान् (accusative plural)
इनेन (instrumental singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इनैः (instrumental plural)
इनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इनाय (dative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इनेभ्यः (dative plural)
इनात् (ablative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इनस्य (genitive singular)
इनयोः (dual genitive)
इनानाम् (genitive plural)
इने (locative singular)
इनयोः (dual locative)
इनेषु (locative plural)
इना (nominative singular)
इने (dual nominative)
इनाः (nominative plural)
इने (singular vocative)
इने (dual vocative)
इनाः (plural vocative)
इनाम् (accusative singular)
इने (accusative dual)
इनाः (accusative plural)
इनया (instrumental singular)
इना1 (instrumental singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इनाभिः (instrumental plural)
इनायै (dative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इनाभ्यः (dative plural)
इनायाः (ablative singular)
इनायै2 (ablative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
इनायाः (genitive singular)
इनायै2 (genitive singular)
इनयोः (dual genitive)
इनानाम् (genitive plural)
इनायाम् (locative singular)
इनयोः (dual locative)
इनासु (locative plural)
इनम् (nominative singular)
इने (dual nominative)
इनानि (nominative plural)
इना1 (nominative plural)
इन (singular vocative)
इने (dual vocative)
इनानि (plural vocative)
इना1 (plural vocative)
इनम् (accusative singular)
इने (accusative dual)
इनानि (accusative plural)
इना1 (accusative plural)
इनेन (instrumental singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इनैः (instrumental plural)
इनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इनाय (dative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इनेभ्यः (dative plural)
इनात् (ablative singular)
इनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इनस्य (genitive singular)
इनयोः (dual genitive)
इनानाम् (genitive plural)
इने (locative singular)
इनयोः (dual locative)
इनेषु (locative plural)

able, strong, energetic, determined, bold


य

ya (romanization)
यः (nominative singular)
यौ (dual nominative)
या1 (dual nominative)
याः (nominative plural)
यासः1 (nominative plural)
य (singular vocative)
यौ (dual vocative)
या1 (dual vocative)
याः (plural vocative)
यासः1 (plural vocative)
यम् (accusative singular)
यौ (accusative dual)
या1 (accusative dual)
यान् (accusative plural)
येन (instrumental singular)
याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यैः (instrumental plural)
येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
याय (dative singular)
याभ्याम् (dative dual)
येभ्यः (dative plural)
यात् (ablative singular)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
येभ्यः (ablative plural)
यस्य (genitive singular)
ययोः (dual genitive)
यानाम् (genitive plural)
ये (locative singular)
ययोः (dual locative)
येषु (locative plural)


सोमवार

somavāra (romanization)
सोमवारः (nominative singular)
सोमवारौ (dual nominative)
सोमवारा1 (dual nominative)
सोमवाराः (nominative plural)
सोमवारासः1 (nominative plural)
सोमवार (singular vocative)
सोमवारौ (dual vocative)
सोमवारा1 (dual vocative)
सोमवाराः (plural vocative)
सोमवारासः1 (plural vocative)
सोमवारम् (accusative singular)
सोमवारौ (accusative dual)
सोमवारा1 (accusative dual)
सोमवारान् (accusative plural)
सोमवारेण (instrumental singular)
सोमवाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सोमवारैः (instrumental plural)
सोमवारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सोमवाराय (dative singular)
सोमवाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सोमवारेभ्यः (dative plural)
सोमवारात् (ablative singular)
सोमवाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सोमवारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सोमवारस्य (genitive singular)
सोमवारयोः (dual genitive)
सोमवाराणाम् (genitive plural)
सोमवारे (locative singular)
सोमवारयोः (dual locative)
सोमवारेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: সোমবার (śōmbar) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: सोमवार (somvār)

Urdu: سوموار (somvār, “somvār, sumávār”)

→ Kannada: ಸೋಮವಾರ (sōmavāra) (learned)

→ Marathi: सोमवार (somvār)

→ Tamil: சோமவாரம் (cōmavāram)

→ Telugu: సోమవారము (sōmavāramu) (learned)

Compound of सोम (soma, "moon") + वार (vāra, "day").


अपि

Pali: api, pi

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺 (pi)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺 (pi)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀯𑀺 (avi), 𑀯𑀺 (vi)

Northeastern:

Punjabi: ਵੀ (vī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati: अवि (avi)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: भी (bhī)

Urdu: بھی (bhī)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hápi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hápi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. See also its usage as a prefix अपि- (api-). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπῐ́ (epĭ́) and English by.

and, also, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely

अन्यद् अपि

often, also, very (often merely emphasizes or expletive)

placed after an interrogative to make it an indefinite

चतुर्णाम् अपि वर्णानाम्

imparts a sense of totality when placed after numerals

at the start of a sentence, create an interrogative from a declarative sentence

please (may strengthen the original force of the potential mood or may soften the imperative mood)


का

(interrogative) inflection of किम् (kim, “who”):

inflection of किम् (kim, “who”):
nominative singular feminine

sandhi form of nominative/accusative plural feminine


नमस्ते

→ English: namaste

→ Spanish: namasté

→ Persian: نمسته (namaste)

→ French: namasté

→ Gujarati: નમસ્તે (namaste)

→ Hindustani: namaste

desc

Hindi: नमस्ते

Hindi: नमस्ते

Urdu: نمستے

→ Italian: namastè

→ Japanese: ナマステ (namasute)

→ Kannada: ನಮಸ್ತೆ (namaste)

→ Korean: 나마스테 (namaseute)

→ Malayalam: നമസ്തേ (namastē)

→ Marathi: नमस्ते (namaste)

→ Nepali: नमस्ते (namaste)

→ Punjabi: namaste

Gurmukhi script: ਨਮਸਤੇ

Shahmukhi script: نمستے

→ Portuguese: namastê

→ Russian: намастэ́ (namastɛ́), намасте́ (namasté)

→ Tamil: நமஸ்தே (namastē)

→ Telugu: నమస్తే (namastē)

→ Chinese: 那摩斯戴 (nàmósīdài)

From नमस् (námas), nominative singular of नमस् (námas, “a bow, obeisance”) + ते (te, “to you”).

नमस्ते सदा वत्सले मातृभूमे
त्वया हिन्दुभूमे सुखं वर्धितोऽहम् ।
महामङ्गले पुण्यभूमे त्वदर्थे
पतत्वेष कायो नमस्ते नमस्ते ॥
namaste sadā vatsale mātṛbhūme
tvayā hindubhūme sukhaṃ vardhitoʼham.
mahāmaṅgale puṇyabhūme tvadarthe

1940, संघ प्रार्थना

I bow to you always, dear motherland; I have been brought up happily by you, O Hindu land;
May this body fall for you, O much auspicious holy land!
Salutations to you, salutations to you.


आवास

ā-vāsa (romanization)
आवासः (nominative singular)
आवासौ (dual nominative)
आवासाः (nominative plural)
आवास (singular vocative)
आवासौ (dual vocative)
आवासाः (plural vocative)
आवासम् (accusative singular)
आवासौ (accusative dual)
आवासान् (accusative plural)
आवासेन (instrumental singular)
आवासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आवासैः (instrumental plural)
आवासाय (dative singular)
आवासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आवासेभ्यः (dative plural)
आवासात् (ablative singular)
आवासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आवासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आवासस्य (genitive singular)
आवासयोः (dual genitive)
आवासानाम् (genitive plural)
आवासे (locative singular)
आवासयोः (dual locative)
आवासेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of आवास

आ- (ā-) + verbal root वसति (vasati, “to dwell, live, stop, stay”).


दूत

dūtá (romanization)
दूतः (nominative singular)
दूतौ (dual nominative)
दूता1 (dual nominative)
दूताः (nominative plural)
दूतासः1 (nominative plural)
दूत (singular vocative)
दूतौ (dual vocative)
दूता1 (dual vocative)
दूताः (plural vocative)
दूतासः1 (plural vocative)
दूतम् (accusative singular)
दूतौ (accusative dual)
दूता1 (accusative dual)
दूतान् (accusative plural)
दूतेन (instrumental singular)
दूताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूतैः (instrumental plural)
दूतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूताय (dative singular)
दूताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूतेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूतात् (ablative singular)
दूताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूतस्य (genitive singular)
दूतयोः (dual genitive)
दूतानाम् (genitive plural)
दूते (locative singular)
दूतयोः (dual locative)
दूतेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: dūta
→ Khmer: ទូត (tuut)
→ Lao: ທູດ (thūt)
→ Thai: ทูต (tûut)

Kashmiri: دٟتھ (dụ̄th)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀅 (dūa)

→ Awadhi: दूत (dūt)

→ Hindi: दूत (dūt)

→ Indonesian: duta

→ Kannada: ದೂತ (dūta)

→ Malayalam: ദൂതൻ (dūtaṉ)

→ Old Gujarati: दूत (dūta)

→ Tamil: தூதுவர் (tūtuvar)

→ Telugu: దూత (dūta)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHtás (“messenger; envoy to a far off place”), from Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬙𐬀 (duta), 𐬛𐬏𐬙𐬀 (dūta).

der

यदप्रवीता दधते ह गर्भं सद्यश्चिज्जातो भवसीदु दूतः॥

When she, yet unimpregnate, hath conceived thee, even when newly born thou art an envoy.

yadapravītā dadhate ha garbhaṃ sadyaścijjāto bhavasīdu dūtaḥ.


ह

ha (romanization)
हः (nominative singular)
हौ (dual nominative)
हा1 (dual nominative)
हाः (nominative plural)
हासः1 (nominative plural)
ह (singular vocative)
हौ (dual vocative)
हा1 (dual vocative)
हाः (plural vocative)
हासः1 (plural vocative)
हम् (accusative singular)
हौ (accusative dual)
हा1 (accusative dual)
हान् (accusative plural)
हेन (instrumental singular)
हाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हैः (instrumental plural)
हेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हाय (dative singular)
हाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हेभ्यः (dative plural)
हात् (ablative singular)
हाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्य (genitive singular)
हयोः (dual genitive)
हानाम् (genitive plural)
हे (locative singular)
हयोः (dual locative)
हेषु (locative plural)


ह

ha (romanization)
हम् (nominative singular)
हे (dual nominative)
हानि (nominative plural)
हा1 (nominative plural)
ह (singular vocative)
हे (dual vocative)
हानि (plural vocative)
हा1 (plural vocative)
हम् (accusative singular)
हे (accusative dual)
हानि (accusative plural)
हा1 (accusative plural)
हेन (instrumental singular)
हाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हैः (instrumental plural)
हेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हाय (dative singular)
हाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हेभ्यः (dative plural)
हात् (ablative singular)
हाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्य (genitive singular)
हयोः (dual genitive)
हानाम् (genitive plural)
हे (locative singular)
हयोः (dual locative)
हेषु (locative plural)


ह

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”).

(at the end of a compound) killing, striking, slaying


ह

emphasizes the preceding word; surely, of course, certainly

an emphatic particle, often used by itself as a filler word or expletive


व

त्वम् त्वम्#Sanskrit

sandhi form of accusative/dative/genitive plural of त्वम् (tvám, “you”)


ल

the third semivowel in Sanskrit, corresponding to the vowels ऌ (ḷ) and ॡ (ḹ)


ल

a technical term for all the tenses and moods of a finite verb or for the terminations of those tenses and moods


संस्कृतम्

head

संस्कृतम् • (saṃskṛtam)

संस्कृत संस्कृत#Sanskrit

masculine singular accusative of संस्कृत (saṃskṛta)


संस्कृतम्

संस्कृतम् • (saṃskṛtam)

संस्कृत संस्कृत#Sanskrit

neuter singular nominative of संस्कृत (saṃskṛta)

संस्कृत संस्कृत#Sanskrit

neuter singular accusative of संस्कृत (saṃskṛta)


स

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, from Proto-Indo-European *só. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); he, it, that


स

masculine nominative singular of तद् (tad); that one


स

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.

inh

an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"

सकोप (sa-kopa)

साग्नि (sā*gni)

सभार्य (sa-bhārya)

सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa

सधर्मन् (sa-dharman)

सवर्ण (sa-varṇa)

having the same colour or appearance, similar, like

when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"


स

sá (romanization)
सः (nominative singular)
सौ (dual nominative)
सा1 (dual nominative)
साः (nominative plural)
सासः1 (nominative plural)
स (singular vocative)
सौ (dual vocative)
सा1 (dual vocative)
साः (plural vocative)
सासः1 (plural vocative)
सम् (accusative singular)
सौ (accusative dual)
सा1 (accusative dual)
सान् (accusative plural)
सेन (instrumental singular)
साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सैः (instrumental plural)
सेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
साय (dative singular)
साभ्याम् (dative dual)
सेभ्यः (dative plural)
सात् (ablative singular)
साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सस्य (genitive singular)
सयोः (dual genitive)
सानाम् (genitive plural)
से (locative singular)
सयोः (dual locative)
सेषु (locative plural)


स

sa (romanization)
सम् (nominative singular)
से (dual nominative)
सानि (nominative plural)
सा1 (nominative plural)
स (singular vocative)
से (dual vocative)
सानि (plural vocative)
सा1 (plural vocative)
सम् (accusative singular)
से (accusative dual)
सानि (accusative plural)
सा1 (accusative plural)
सेन (instrumental singular)
साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सैः (instrumental plural)
सेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
साय (dative singular)
साभ्याम् (dative dual)
सेभ्यः (dative plural)
सात् (ablative singular)
साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सस्य (genitive singular)
सयोः (dual genitive)
सानाम् (genitive plural)
से (locative singular)
सयोः (dual locative)
सेषु (locative plural)


स

From the root सन् (san, “to procure, bestow, give, distribute”).

पशुष (paśu-ṣá)

प्रियस (priyá-sá)

(at the end of a compound) procuring, bestowing