गज

gaja (romanization)
गजः (nominative singular)
गजौ (dual nominative)
गजा1 (dual nominative)
गजाः (nominative plural)
गजासः1 (nominative plural)
गजम् (accusative singular)
गजौ (accusative dual)
गजा1 (accusative dual)
गजान् (accusative plural)
गजेन (instrumental singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गजैः (instrumental plural)
गजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गजाय (dative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गजेभ्यः (dative plural)
गजात् (ablative singular)
गजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गजस्य (genitive singular)
गजयोः (dual genitive)
गजानाम् (genitive plural)
गजे (locative singular)
गजयोः (dual locative)
गजेषु (locative plural)
गज (singular vocative)
गजौ (dual vocative)
गजा1 (dual vocative)
गजाः (plural vocative)
गजासः1 (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀅 (gaa)

Pali: gaja

→ Thai: คชา (ká-chaa), คช (kót)

→ Acehnese: gajah

→ Balinese: ᬕᬚᬄ (gajah)

→ Banjarese: gajah

→ Toba Batak: ᯎᯐ (gaja)

→ Bikol Central: gagdya

→ Cebuano: gadya

→ Chinese: 伽耶 (qiéyé)

→ Gorontalo: gaja

→ Hiligaynon: gadyo

→ Hindi: गज (gaj)

→ Ilocano: gadia

→ Javanese: ꦒꦗꦃ (gajah)

→ Kannada: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Ledo Kaili: gaja

→ Kapampangan: gagdia

→ Madurese: ꦓꦙ (ghajha)

desctree

→ Malay: gajah
Indonesian: gajah
→ Bikol Central: gadyâ
→ Cebuano: gadyâ
→ Maguindanao: gajah
→ Tagalog: gadya
→ Tausug: gadja

→ Malayalam: ഗജം (gajaṁ)

→ Minangkabau: gajah

→ Old Gujarati: गज (gaja)

→ Marwari: गज (gaj) (learned)

→ Molbog: gaja

→ Brooke's Point Palawano: gadya

→ Sasak: gajah

→ Sika: glajak

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮏᮂ (gajah)

→ Tagalog: gadya

→ Tamil: கஜம் (kajam)

→ Telugu: గజము (gajamu)

→ Tulu: ಗಜ (gaja)

→ Urdu: گج (gaj)

→ Waray-Waray: gadya

→ Wolio: gaja

→ English: gaja (learned)

Of uncertain, possibly substrate, origin.

(chaturanga) gaja, a chaturanga piece ancestral to the bishop in chess


गृह

gṛhá (romanization)
गृहम् (nominative singular)
गृहे (dual nominative)
गृहाणि (nominative plural)
गृहा1 (nominative plural)
गृहम् (accusative singular)
गृहे (accusative dual)
गृहाणि (accusative plural)
गृहा1 (accusative plural)
गृहेण (instrumental singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गृहैः (instrumental plural)
गृहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गृहाय (dative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (dative plural)
गृहात् (ablative singular)
गृहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गृहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गृहस्य (genitive singular)
गृहयोः (dual genitive)
गृहाणाम् (genitive plural)
गृहे (locative singular)
गृहयोः (dual locative)
गृहेषु (locative plural)
गृह (singular vocative)
गृहे (dual vocative)
गृहाणि (plural vocative)
गृहा1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: گَرٕ (garụ), गरॖ (garụ)

Pali: gaha, ghara

→ Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)

→ Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: गृह (gŕh)

→ Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)

→ Malay: gerha (learned)

Indonesian: gerha

desc

→ Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ), കിരിയം (kiriyaṁ) (learned)

→ Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)

Javanese: graha, griya

→ Indonesian: gerha, graha, greha, griya

→ Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)

desctree

Javanese: ꦒꦂꦮ (garwa, “wife”)
→ Indonesian: garwa
→ Sundanese: ᮌᮁᮝ (garwa)

→ Old Khmer: graha (learned)

Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)

→ Odia: ଗୃହ (gruha) (learned)

desc

→ Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)

→ Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)

→ Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás
Sanskrit गृह (gṛha)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.


अश्व

áśva (romanization)
अश्वः (nominative singular)
अश्वौ (dual nominative)
अश्वा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वाः (nominative plural)
अश्वासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वम् (accusative singular)
अश्वौ (accusative dual)
अश्वा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वान् (accusative plural)
अश्वेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वाय (dative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वात् (ablative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वे (locative singular)
अश्वयोः (dual locative)
अश्वेषु (locative plural)
अश्व (singular vocative)
अश्वौ (dual vocative)
अश्वा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वाः (plural vocative)
अश्वासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

desc

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Kalasha: hãš

→ Proto-Nuristani: *wašpa (see there for further descendants)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)

Pali: assa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)

Marwari: अस (as)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)

→ Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)

→ Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)

→ Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)

→ Indonesian: aswa

→ Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)

→ Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

→ Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)

→ Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)

→ Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ

→ Western Cham: اسايه

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.


मन्त्रिन्

sa-noun

मन्त्रिन् • (mantrín) stem, m (feminine मन्त्रिणी)

mantrín (romanization)
मन्त्रिणी (feminine)
मन्त्री (nominative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणः (nominative plural)
मन्त्रिणम् (accusative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणा1 (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणः (accusative plural)
मन्त्रिणा (instrumental singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मन्त्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
मन्त्रिणे (dative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (ablative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (genitive singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual genitive)
मन्त्रिणाम् (genitive plural)
मन्त्रिणि (locative singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual locative)
मन्त्रिषु (locative plural)
मन्त्रिन् (singular vocative)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणः (plural vocative)

desctree

Pali: mantin
→ Minangkabau:
→ Indonesian: manti
→? Lao: ມົນຕີ (mon tī) (learned)

→ Bengali: মন্ত্রী (montri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मंत्री (mantrī)

Urdu: منتری (mantrī)

→ Khmer: មន្ត្រី (mŭəntrəy)

→ Malay: menteri (منتري)
Indonesian: menteri
→ Portuguese: mandarim (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: മന്ത്രി (mantri)

→ Old Gujarati: मंत्री (maṃtrī)

→ Old Javanese: mantrī → mantri

Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri)

→ Indonesian: mantri

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਤਰੀ (mantrī)

Shahmukhi script: منتری (mantrī)

→ Tamil: மந்திரி (mantiri)

→ Telugu: మంత్రి (mantri)

→ Thai: มนตรี (mon-dtrii)


पद

padá (romanization)
m (rare)
पदम् (nominative singular)
पदे (dual nominative)
पदानि (nominative plural)
पदा1 (nominative plural)
पदम् (accusative singular)
पदे (accusative dual)
पदानि (accusative plural)
पदा1 (accusative plural)
पदेन (instrumental singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पदैः (instrumental plural)
पदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पदाय (dative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पदात् (ablative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पदस्य (genitive singular)
पदयोः (dual genitive)
पदानाम् (genitive plural)
पदे (locative singular)
पदयोः (dual locative)
पदेषु (locative plural)
पद (singular vocative)
पदे (dual vocative)
पदानि (plural vocative)
पदा1 (plural vocative)
पदः (nominative singular)
पदौ (dual nominative)
पदा1 (dual nominative)
पदाः (nominative plural)
पदासः1 (nominative plural)
पदम् (accusative singular)
पदौ (accusative dual)
पदा1 (accusative dual)
पदान् (accusative plural)
पदेन (instrumental singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पदैः (instrumental plural)
पदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पदाय (dative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पदात् (ablative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पदस्य (genitive singular)
पदयोः (dual genitive)
पदानाम् (genitive plural)
पदे (locative singular)
पदयोः (dual locative)
पदेषु (locative plural)
पद (singular vocative)
पदौ (dual vocative)
पदा1 (dual vocative)
पदाः (plural vocative)
पदासः1 (plural vocative)
पाद (alternative)

Pali: pada

→ Old Javanese: pada

→ Tamil: பாதம் (pātam), பதவி (patavi)

→ Telugu: పదము (padamu)

→ Bengali: পদ (pod)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *padám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *padám, from Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, originally meaning 'trace, bottom', from *ped- (“step, footprint”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “floor, ground”), Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pēdan, “floor, ground; place”), Old Norse fet (“step”), Old Armenian հետ (het, “footprint, track”).


नृ

nṛ́ (romanization)
ना (nominative singular)
नरौ (dual nominative)
नरा1 (dual nominative)
नरः (nominative plural)
नारः (nominative plural)
नरम् (accusative singular)
नरौ (accusative dual)
नरा1 (accusative dual)
नॄन् (accusative plural)
नरा (instrumental singular)
नृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नरे (dative singular)
नृभ्याम् (dative dual)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नरः (ablative singular)
नृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नरः (genitive singular)
नरोः (dual genitive)
नराम् (genitive plural)
नरअम् (genitive plural)
नृणाम् (genitive plural)
नॄणाम् (genitive plural)
नरि (locative singular)
नरोः (dual locative)
नृषु (locative plural)
नृषु (locative plural)
नः (singular vocative)
नरौ (dual vocative)
नरा1 (dual vocative)
नरः (plural vocative)
नारः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun-m

This term displays a wide variety of anomalous/archaic forms including:
Inst.sg. नरा (nárā) for expected *न्रा (*nrā́)
Dat.sg. नरे (náre) for expected *न्रे (*nré).
Abl/gen.sg. नरः (náraḥ) for expected *नुः (*núḥ)
Archaic Vedic gen.pl. नराम् (narā́m), often distracted to naráam
Vedic gen.pl. spelling नृणाम् (nṛṇā́m) often scanned as नॄणाम् (nṝṇā́m)
Oxytonic inst.pl. नृभिः (nṛbhíḥ), dat/abl.pl. नृभ्यः (nṛbhyáḥ), loc.pl. नृषु (nṛṣú)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́
Sanskrit नृ (nṛ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), Old Armenian այր (ayr), Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr), Persian نر (nar).


शारि

śāri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीन् (accusative plural)
शारिणा (instrumental singular)
शार्या1 (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शार्यः1 (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्यः1 (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीणाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शारा1 (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)

Unknown. Similar polysemy to गुटिका (guṭikā).

(chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)


चतुरङ्ग

caturaṅga (romanization)
चतुरङगः (nominative singular)
चतुरङगौ (dual nominative)
चतुरङगाः (nominative plural)
चतुरङगम् (accusative singular)
चतुरङगौ (accusative dual)
चतुरङगान् (accusative plural)
चतुरङगेण (instrumental singular)
चतुरङगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चतुरङगैः (instrumental plural)
चतुरङगाय (dative singular)
चतुरङगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चतुरङगेभ्यः (dative plural)
चतुरङगात् (ablative singular)
चतुरङगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चतुरङगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चतुरङगस्य (genitive singular)
चतुरङगयोः (dual genitive)
चतुरङगाणाम् (genitive plural)
चतुरङगे (locative singular)
चतुरङगयोः (dual locative)
चतुरङगेषु (locative plural)
चतुरङग (singular vocative)
चतुरङगौ (dual vocative)
चतुरङगाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

चतुरङगाभ्याम्

चतुरङगाभ्याम्

चतुरङगाभ्याम्

→ Kannada: ಚದುರಂಗ (caduraṅga)

→ Malayalam: ചതുരംഗം (caturaṅgaṁ)

desctree

→ Malay: catur, chator (1924-1972)
> Indonesian: catur (inherited)
→ Maguindanao: satol
→ Maranao: sator
→ Tagalog: satol
→ Tausug: sattul

desc

→ Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭠𐭲𐭫𐭠𐭭𐭢 (ctlng /čatrang/)

→ Classical Persian: چَتْرَنْگ (čatrang)

→ Arabic: شَطْرَنْج (šaṭranj) (see there for further descendants)

→ Mongolian: шатар (šatar)

→ Georgian: ჭადრაკი (č̣adraḳi)

→ Koine Greek: ζατρίκιον (zatríkion)

→ Greek: ζατρίκιο (zatríkio)

desctree

→ Middle Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak), ճարտրակ (čartrak), ճատրկուց (čatrkucʻ), ճատրկոց (čatrkocʻ)
→ Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak) (learned)

Pali: caturaṅga

→ Burmese: စစ်တုရင် (cactu.rang)

→ Khmer: ចត្រង្គ (caʼtrɑng)

→ Tamil: சதுரங்கம் (caturaṅkam)

→ Telugu: చతురంగము (caturaṅgamu)

/t͡ɕɐ.tu.ɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/

/t͡ɕɐ.t̪u.ɾɐŋ.ɡɐ/

Compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) + अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, member”)

com+

(chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)