पर

para (romanization)
परम् (nominative singular)
परे (dual nominative)
पराणि (nominative plural)
परा1 (nominative plural)
परम् (accusative singular)
परे (accusative dual)
पराणि (accusative plural)
परा1 (accusative plural)
परेण (instrumental singular)
पराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परैः (instrumental plural)
परेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पराय (dative singular)
पराभ्याम् (dative dual)
परेभ्यः (dative plural)
परात् (ablative singular)
पराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परेभ्यः (ablative plural)
परस्य (genitive singular)
परयोः (dual genitive)
पराणाम् (genitive plural)
परे (locative singular)
परयोः (dual locative)
परेषु (locative plural)
पर (singular vocative)
परे (dual vocative)
पराणि (plural vocative)
परा1 (plural vocative)

Pali: para

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ) (< páram)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पर (par)

Urdu: پَر (par)

From Proto-Indo-European *péro-. Compare Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), Ancient Greek πέρᾱ (pérā).


मेष

मे॒ष (canonical)
meṣá (romanization)
मेषः (nominative singular)
मेषौ (dual nominative)
मेषा1 (dual nominative)
मेषाः (nominative plural)
मेषासः1 (nominative plural)
मेषम् (accusative singular)
मेषौ (accusative dual)
मेषा1 (accusative dual)
मेषान् (accusative plural)
मेषेण (instrumental singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेषैः (instrumental plural)
मेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेषाय (dative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेषात् (ablative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेषस्य (genitive singular)
मेषयोः (dual genitive)
मेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
मेषे (locative singular)
मेषयोः (dual locative)
मेषेषु (locative plural)
मेष (singular vocative)
मेषौ (dual vocative)
मेषा1 (dual vocative)
मेषाः (plural vocative)
मेषासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalasha: meṣ

Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀲 (mesa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Burmese: မိဿ (mi.ssa.)

→ Kannada: ಮೇಷ (mēṣa)

→ Khmer: មេសា (meisaa)

→ Hindi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Marathi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Odia: ମେଷ (meṣa)

→ Tamil: மேஷம் (mēṣam)

→ Thai: เมษ (mêet)

→ Malayalam: മേഷം (mēṣaṁ), മേടം (mēṭaṁ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *moysós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás
Sanskrit मे॒ष (meṣá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša), Persian میش (miš), Proto-Slavic *mě̑xъ (“leather bag, sack”).

etymon

मे॒ष


जनि

jáni (romanization)
जनिः (nominative singular)
जनी (dual nominative)
जनयः (nominative plural)
जनिम् (accusative singular)
जनी (accusative dual)
जनीः (accusative plural)
जन्या (instrumental singular)
जनी1 (instrumental singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनिभिः (instrumental plural)
जनये (dative singular)
जन्यै2 (dative singular)
जनी1 (dative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनिभ्यः (dative plural)
जनेः (ablative singular)
जन्याः2 (ablative singular)
जन्यै3 (ablative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्युर् (genitive singular)
जन्योः (dual genitive)
जनीनाम् (genitive plural)
जनौ (locative singular)
जन्याम्2 (locative singular)
जना1 (locative singular)
जन्योः (dual locative)
जनिषु (locative plural)
जने (singular vocative)
जनी (dual vocative)
जनयः (plural vocative)

The sense “woman” is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬇𐬥𐬌 (jə̄ni), 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (jaⁱni, “woman”), Persian زن (zan),
Central Kurdish ژن (jin), Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ) (whence English gyno-), English queen. Doublet of ग्ना (gnā́).
The sense “birth”, which has been conflated with the word for “woman”, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”), whence also जन (jana, “people”), जनस् (janas, “race”), जनिमन् (janiman, “birth”), etc.


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀡 (ajjuṇa, “silver”)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).


ओष्ठ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (“lip”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), “upper lip”), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, “two lips”), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (“lip, mouth”). See also आस् (ā́s, “mouth”).

cog

(botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)


लघु

laghú (romanization)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघूः (accusative plural)
लघ्वा (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वै1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
लघ्वै2 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वै2 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
रघु (alternative)


वृक

vṛ́ka (romanization)
वृकः (nominative singular)
वृकौ (dual nominative)
वृका1 (dual nominative)
वृकाः (nominative plural)
वृकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृकम् (accusative singular)
वृकौ (accusative dual)
वृका1 (accusative dual)
वृकान् (accusative plural)
वृकेण (instrumental singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृकैः (instrumental plural)
वृकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृकाय (dative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृकात् (ablative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृकस्य (genitive singular)
वृकयोः (dual genitive)
वृकाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृके (locative singular)
वृकयोः (dual locative)
वृकेषु (locative plural)
वृक (singular vocative)
वृकौ (dual vocative)
वृका1 (dual vocative)
वृकाः (plural vocative)
वृकासः1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Chakma: 𑄤𑄇𑄴 (wāk)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬 (vaya)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀅 (vaa)

Gujarati: વરુ (varu)

Kachchi: વરુ (varu)

Dardic:

Shina: उरुक (uruk)

Pali: vaka

→ Hindi: वृक (vŕk)

→ Marathi: वृक (vruk)

→ Telugu: వృకము (vr̥kamu)

→ Bengali: বৃক (brik)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).


वृश्चिक

vṛ́ścika (romanization)
वृश्चिकः (nominative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (dual nominative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual nominative)
वृश्चिकाः (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकम् (accusative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (accusative dual)
वृश्चिका1 (accusative dual)
वृश्चिकान् (accusative plural)
वृश्चिकेन (instrumental singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृश्चिकैः (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकाय (dative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृश्चिकात् (ablative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृश्चिकस्य (genitive singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
वृश्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
वृश्चिके (locative singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual locative)
वृश्चिकेषु (locative plural)
वृश्चिक (singular vocative)
वृश्चिकौ (dual vocative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual vocative)
वृश्चिकाः (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकासः1 (plural vocative)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিছা (bisa)

Bengali: বিছা (bicha)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠣ (bisá)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (viccu), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀙𑀺𑀅 (viṃchia)

Old Marathi: विंचु (viṃcu)

Marathi: विंचू (viñcū)

Pali: vicchika

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅 (vicchia), 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀅 (vicchua)

Hindi: बिच्छू (bicchū)

→ Burmese: ဗြိစ္ဆာ (brichca)

→ Hindi: वृश्चिक (vŕścik)

→ Bengali: বৃশ্চিক (briścik)

→ Kannada: ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ (vṛścika)

→ Khmer: វិច្ឆិកា (vicchekaa)

→ Old Marathi: विश्चिक (viścika)

→ Malayalam: വൃശ്ചികം (vr̥ścikaṁ)

→ Tamil: விருச்சிகம் (viruccikam)

→ Telugu: వృశ్చిక (vr̥ścika), వృశ్చికం (vr̥ścikaṁ), వృశ్చికము (vr̥ścikamu)

→ Thai: พิจิก (pí-jìk)

/ʋŕ̩ɕ.t͡ɕi.kɐ/

Probably from the root व्रश्च् (vraśc, “to cut”). The astrological sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os).


सर्पिणी

sarpiṇī (romanization)
सर्पिणी (nominative singular)
सर्पिण्यौ (dual nominative)
सर्पिण्यः (nominative plural)
सर्पिणीम् (accusative singular)
सर्पिण्यौ (accusative dual)
सर्पिणीः (accusative plural)
सर्पिण्या (instrumental singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सर्पिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
सर्पिण्यै (dative singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सर्पिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
सर्पिण्याः (ablative singular)
सर्पिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सर्पिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सर्पिण्याः (genitive singular)
सर्पिण्योः (dual genitive)
सर्पिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
सर्पिण्याम् (locative singular)
सर्पिण्योः (dual locative)
सर्पिणीषु (locative plural)
सर्पिणि (singular vocative)
सर्पिण्यौ (dual vocative)
सर्पिण्यः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्

सर्पिणीभ्याम्


विरा

virā (romanization)
विरा (nominative singular)
विरे (dual nominative)
विराः (nominative plural)
विराम् (accusative singular)
विरे (accusative dual)
विराः (accusative plural)
विरया (instrumental singular)
विराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराभिः (instrumental plural)
विरायै (dative singular)
विराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विराभ्यः (dative plural)
विरायाः (ablative singular)
विराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराभ्यः (ablative plural)
विरायाः (genitive singular)
विरयोः (dual genitive)
विराणाम् (genitive plural)
विरायाम् (locative singular)
विरयोः (dual locative)
विरासु (locative plural)
विरे (singular vocative)
विरे (dual vocative)
विराः (plural vocative)

(botany) name of various plants and drugs (Flacourtia jangomas, Ipomoea cheirophylla, Gmelina arborea etc.)


पृथु

pṛthú (romanization)
पृथुः (nominative singular)
पृथू (dual nominative)
पृथवः (nominative plural)
पृथुम् (accusative singular)
पृथू (accusative dual)
पृथूः (accusative plural)
पृथ्वा (instrumental singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृथुभिः (instrumental plural)
पृथवे (dative singular)
पृथ्वै1 (dative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (dative plural)
पृथोः (ablative singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
पृथ्वै2 (ablative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृथोः (genitive singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वै2 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual genitive)
पृथूनाम् (genitive plural)
पृथौ (locative singular)
पृथ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual locative)
पृथुषु (locative plural)
पृथो (singular vocative)
पृथू (dual vocative)
पृथवः (plural vocative)

Dardic:

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (piṛik, “palm of hand”)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (peṛek, “palm of hand”)

Shumashti: [script needed] (piṛik)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥tʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬎 (pər^əθu), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Old Armenian յաղթ (yałtʻ), English flat.

(botany) Nigella sativa var. sativa, syn. Nigella indica


पुलक

pulaka (romanization)
पुलकः (nominative singular)
पुलकौ (dual nominative)
पुलकाः (nominative plural)
पुलकम् (accusative singular)
पुलकौ (accusative dual)
पुलकान् (accusative plural)
पुलकेन (instrumental singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुलकैः (instrumental plural)
पुलकाय (dative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुलकात् (ablative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुलकस्य (genitive singular)
पुलकयोः (dual genitive)
पुलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुलके (locative singular)
पुलकयोः (dual locative)
पुलकेषु (locative plural)
पुलक (singular vocative)
पुलकौ (dual vocative)
पुलकाः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *pulu- (“hair”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυλεών (puleṓn, “wreathe, circlet”), Irish ulcha (“beard”), etc.


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोष (alternative)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (koṣa)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

बीजकोश

(botany) the sheath or integument of a plant, pod, nut-shell


कर्कट

karkaṭa (romanization)
कर्कटः (nominative singular)
कर्कटौ (dual nominative)
कर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
कर्कटाः (nominative plural)
कर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्कटम् (accusative singular)
कर्कटौ (accusative dual)
कर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
कर्कटान् (accusative plural)
कर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
कर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्कटाय (dative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्कटात् (ablative singular)
कर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
कर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्कटे (locative singular)
कर्कटयोः (dual locative)
कर्कटेषु (locative plural)
कर्कट (singular vocative)
कर्कटौ (dual vocative)
कर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
कर्कटाः (plural vocative)
कर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Tirahi: [script needed] (kaṅgarā́)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: කකුළුවා (kakuḷuwā)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Old Marathi:

Marathi: खेकडा (khekḍā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Early Assamese: কাঙ্কৰা (kaṅkora)

Middle Assamese: কঁকৰা (kõkora)

Assamese: কেঁকোৰা (kẽküra), কাঁক্ৰা (kãkra) (Kamrupi dialect)

→ Bodo (India): खांख्राय (kangkray)

→ Dimasa: khangkrai

Middle Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkoṛa)

Bengali: কাঁকড়া (kãkṛa)

Kamta: কাঁকৰা (kãkora)

Odia: କାଂକଡ଼ା (kāṅkaṛā), କାକାଡ଼ା (kākāṛā)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠇꠠꠣ (xaxoṛa)

Pali: kakkaṭaka

→ Khmer: កក្កដា (kakkaʼdaa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (kakkaḍa)

Hindustani:

Hindi: केकड़ (kekaṛ), केकड़ा (kekṛā)

Urdu: کےکَڑ (kekaṛ), کیکڑا

Punjabi: ਕੇਕੜਾ (kekṛā)

Lahnda: [script needed] (kakkaṛ)

Western:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: केकड़ो

Arabic script: ڪڪڙ

→ Bengali: কর্কট (korkoṭ)

→ Dhivehi: ކަރުކަށަ (karukaṣa)

→ Telugu: కర్కటము (karkaṭamu)

→ Thai: กรกฎ (gɔɔ-rá-gòt)

→ Tibetan: ཀརྐ་ཊ (krka ṭa)

→ Burmese: ကရကဋ် (ka.ra.kat)

→ Classical Newar: कखडि

Newar: कःलि (ka:li)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *karkartas, according to Pokorny, related to कर्कर (karkara, “hard”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”) (see also Welsh crach (“crust”), Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish”)). Latin cancer and Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) could also be related, but this is uncertain.
More likely from a substrate language, and possibly cognate with Santali ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ (kaṭkôm); however, this is uncertain, as the latter could also be from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam. However, the Santali word is definitely not borrowed from Sanskrit; and a borrowing from Munda languages into Sanskrit is not verifiable.


लाक्षा

sa-noun

लाक्षा • (lākṣā́) stem, f

lākṣā́ (romanization)
लाक्षा (nominative singular)
लाक्षे (dual nominative)
लाक्षाः (nominative plural)
लाक्षाम् (accusative singular)
लाक्षे (accusative dual)
लाक्षाः (accusative plural)
लाक्षया (instrumental singular)
लाक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लाक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
लाक्षायै (dative singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लाक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
लाक्षायाः (ablative singular)
लाक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
लाक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लाक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
लाक्षायाः (genitive singular)
लाक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
लाक्षयोः (dual genitive)
लाक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
लाक्षायाम् (locative singular)
लाक्षयोः (dual locative)
लाक्षासु (locative plural)
लाक्षे (singular vocative)
लाक्षे (dual vocative)
लाक्षाः (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: لاچھ f (lāch)

Prakrit: 𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (lakkhā, “lac”)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi: ਲਾਖ (lākh)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: लाख (lākh, “lac”) (see there for further descendants)

Urdu: لاکھ (lākh)

Southern Indo-Aryan:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: लाख (lākh)

Western Indo-Aryan:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: લાખ (lākh)

Punjabi: [script needed] (lākhā)

Prakrit:

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali: লাহা (laha), লা (la)

Assamese: লা (la)

Odia: ଲାହା (lāhā), ନାହା (nāhā)

Maithili: लाह (lāh)

→ Hindi: लाह m (lāh), ला f (lā)

→ Nepali: लाहा f (lāhā)

Uncertain. Suggestions have included:
* Derived from *लक्ष (lakṣa), *रक्ष (rakṣa, “red; redness”) (related to Proto-Iranian *raxšah (“dark-colored”)), from रज् (raj, “to become red”)
* From Proto-Indo-European *laḱs- (“salmon, trout”), related to Latvian lasis, Middle Low German las (“salmon”), Russian лосо́сь (losósʹ, “salmon”), etc.
* From लक्ष (lakṣa, “one hundred thousand”), referring to the insects gathered to create the resin


सन

sana (romanization)
सनः (nominative singular)
सनौ (dual nominative)
सना1 (dual nominative)
सनाः (nominative plural)
सनासः1 (nominative plural)
सनम् (accusative singular)
सनौ (accusative dual)
सना1 (accusative dual)
सनान् (accusative plural)
सनेन (instrumental singular)
सनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सनैः (instrumental plural)
सनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सनाय (dative singular)
सनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सनेभ्यः (dative plural)
सनात् (ablative singular)
सनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सनस्य (genitive singular)
सनयोः (dual genitive)
सनानाम् (genitive plural)
सने (locative singular)
सनयोः (dual locative)
सनेषु (locative plural)
सन (singular vocative)
सनौ (dual vocative)
सना1 (dual vocative)
सनाः (plural vocative)
सनासः1 (plural vocative)

(botany) Bignonia suaveolens or Terminalia tomentosa (L.)


मरु

marú (romanization)
मरुः (nominative singular)
मरू (dual nominative)
मरवः (nominative plural)
मरुम् (accusative singular)
मरू (accusative dual)
मरून् (accusative plural)
मरुणा (instrumental singular)
मर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
मरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मरुभिः (instrumental plural)
मरवे (dative singular)
मर्वे1 (dative singular)
मरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मरुभ्यः (dative plural)
मरोः (ablative singular)
मर्वः1 (ablative singular)
मरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मरोः (genitive singular)
मर्वः1 (genitive singular)
मर्वोः (dual genitive)
मरूणाम् (genitive plural)
मरौ (locative singular)
मर्वोः (dual locative)
मरुषु (locative plural)
मरो (singular vocative)
मरू (dual vocative)
मरवः (plural vocative)

→ Old Javanese: maru

→ Tamil: மரு (maru)

→ Hindi: मरु (maru)


कुण्डलिनी

kuṇḍalinī (romanization)
कुण्डलिनी (nominative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual nominative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (nominative plural)
कुण्डलिनीम् (accusative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (accusative dual)
कुण्डलिनीः (accusative plural)
कुण्डलिन्या (instrumental singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुण्डलिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
कुण्डलिन्यै (dative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (ablative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (genitive singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual genitive)
कुण्डलिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
कुण्डलिन्याम् (locative singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual locative)
कुण्डलिनीषु (locative plural)
कुण्डलिनि (singular vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभिः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिन्योः

कुण्डलिनीनाम्

कुण्डलिन्याम्

कुण्डलिन्योः

Feminine of कुण्डलिन् (kuṇḍalin), from कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ring”) + -इन् (-in).

(botany) Cocculus cordifolius ⇒ moonseed


लज्जा

lajjā (romanization)
लज्ज् (root)
लज्जा (nominative singular)
लज्जे (dual nominative)
लज्जाः (nominative plural)
लज्जाम् (accusative singular)
लज्जे (accusative dual)
लज्जाः (accusative plural)
लज्जया (instrumental singular)
लज्जा1 (instrumental singular)
लज्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लज्जाभिः (instrumental plural)
लज्जायै (dative singular)
लज्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लज्जाभ्यः (dative plural)
लज्जायाः (ablative singular)
लज्जायै2 (ablative singular)
लज्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लज्जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
लज्जायाः (genitive singular)
लज्जायै2 (genitive singular)
लज्जयोः (dual genitive)
लज्जानाम् (genitive plural)
लज्जायाम् (locative singular)
लज्जयोः (dual locative)
लज्जासु (locative plural)
लज्जे (singular vocative)
लज्जे (dual vocative)
लज्जाः (plural vocative)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀮𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (lajjā)

Assamese: লাজ (laz)

Bengali: লাজ (laj)

Odia: ନାଜ (nāja)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀮𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (lajjā)

Konkani: लज (laz)

Marathi: लाज (lāj̈)

Pali: lajjā

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (lajjā)

Gujarati: લાજ (lāj)

Hindi: लाज (lāj)

Nepali: लाज (lāj)

Punjabi: ਲੱਜ (lajja), ਲਾਜ (lāj)

desctree

Romani: laʒ, ladž (Pan-Vlax)
Caló: lacha
→ Spanish: lacha
Tavringer Romani: ladjas, lajjas, lajvas
→ Swedish: laja, lajbans

Spanish: lache (Andalusia)

→ Kannada: ಲಜ್ಜೆ (lajje)

→ Telugu: లజ్జ (lajja)

[lɐd̚.d͡ʑɑː]

/l̪ɐd̪.d͡ʑɑː/

[l̪ɐd̪̚.d͡ʑɑː]

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual

(botany) the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica)


मयूरी

मयूर ी (canonical)
mayūrī́ (romanization)
mayūra (romanization)
मयूरी (nominative singular)
मयूर्यौ (dual nominative)
मयूरी1 (dual nominative)
मयूर्यः (nominative plural)
मयूरीः1 (nominative plural)
मयूरीम् (accusative singular)
मयूर्यौ (accusative dual)
मयूरी1 (accusative dual)
मयूरीः (accusative plural)
मयूर्या (instrumental singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मयूरीभिः (instrumental plural)
मयूर्यै (dative singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मयूरीभ्यः (dative plural)
मयूर्याः (ablative singular)
मयूर्यै2 (ablative singular)
मयूरीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मयूरीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मयूर्याः (genitive singular)
मयूर्यै2 (genitive singular)
मयूर्योः (dual genitive)
मयूरीणाम् (genitive plural)
मयूर्याम् (locative singular)
मयूर्योः (dual locative)
मयूरीषु (locative plural)
मयूरि (singular vocative)
मयूर्यौ (dual vocative)
मयूरी1 (dual vocative)
मयूर्यः (plural vocative)
मयूरीः1 (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: ময়ূৰী (moyuri)

→ Khmer: មយូរី (mĕəʼyuurii)

desc

→ Thai: มยุรี

→ Thai: มยุรี


धूर्त

dhūrta (romanization)
धूर्तः (nominative singular)
धूर्तौ (dual nominative)
धूर्ताः (nominative plural)
धूर्तम् (accusative singular)
धूर्तौ (accusative dual)
धूर्तान् (accusative plural)
धूर्तेन (instrumental singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूर्तैः (instrumental plural)
धूर्ताय (dative singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूर्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूर्तात् (ablative singular)
धूर्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूर्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूर्तस्य (genitive singular)
धूर्तयोः (dual genitive)
धूर्तानाम् (genitive plural)
धूर्ते (locative singular)
धूर्तयोः (dual locative)
धूर्तेषु (locative plural)
धूर्त (singular vocative)
धूर्तौ (dual vocative)
धूर्ताः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

धूर्ताभ्याम्

(botany) a particular fragrant plant (L.)


परा

parā (romanization)
परा (nominative singular)
परे (dual nominative)
पराः (nominative plural)
पराम् (accusative singular)
परे (accusative dual)
पराः (accusative plural)
परया (instrumental singular)
पराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पराभिः (instrumental plural)
परायै (dative singular)
पराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पराभ्यः (dative plural)
परायाः (ablative singular)
पराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पराभ्यः (ablative plural)
परायाः (genitive singular)
परयोः (dual genitive)
परानाम् (genitive plural)
परायाम् (locative singular)
परयोः (dual locative)
परासु (locative plural)
परे (singular vocative)
परे (dual vocative)
पराः (plural vocative)


तारक

tāraka (romanization)
तारकः (nominative singular)
तारकौ (dual nominative)
तारका1 (dual nominative)
तारकाः (nominative plural)
तारकासः1 (nominative plural)
तारकम् (accusative singular)
तारकौ (accusative dual)
तारका1 (accusative dual)
तारकान् (accusative plural)
तारकेण (instrumental singular)
तारकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तारकैः (instrumental plural)
तारकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तारकाय (dative singular)
तारकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तारकेभ्यः (dative plural)
तारकात् (ablative singular)
तारकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तारकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारकस्य (genitive singular)
तारकयोः (dual genitive)
तारकाणाम् (genitive plural)
तारके (locative singular)
तारकयोः (dual locative)
तारकेषु (locative plural)
तारक (singular vocative)
तारकौ (dual vocative)
तारका1 (dual vocative)
तारकाः (plural vocative)
तारकासः1 (plural vocative)

/t̪ɑː.ɾɐ.kɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


कीटक

Telugu: కీటకము (kīṭakamu)


बुक

vegetable hummingbird
vegetable hummingbird

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual

(botany) vegetable hummingbird, hummingbird tree, (Sesbania grandiflora)


लज्जका

(botany) Levant cotton (Gossypium herbaceum)


भूकदम्बक

Trachyspermum ammi
Trachyspermum ammi#Translingual

(botany) ajwain, bishop's weed (Trachyspermum ammi, syn. Ptychotis ajowan)


भूकर्बुदारक

(botany) Assyrian plum plant (Cordia myxa)


कृष्णव्याल

sa-noun

कृष्णव्याल • (kṛṣṇavyāla) stem, m

kṛṣṇavyāla (romanization)
कृष्णव्यालः (nominative singular)
कृष्णव्यालौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णव्याला1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णव्यालाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णव्यालासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्णव्यालम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णव्यालौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णव्याला1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णव्यालान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णव्यालेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णव्यालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णव्यालैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णव्यालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णव्यालाय (dative singular)
कृष्णव्यालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णव्यालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णव्यालात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णव्यालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णव्यालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णव्यालस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णव्यालयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णव्यालानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णव्याले (locative singular)
कृष्णव्यालयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णव्यालेषु (locative plural)
कृष्णव्याल (singular vocative)
कृष्णव्यालौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णव्याला1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णव्यालाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णव्यालासः1 (plural vocative)

/kr̩ʂ.ɳɐʋ.jɑː.l̪ɐ/

com

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) + व्याल (vyāla)

(botany) scarlet leadwort (Plumbago rosea)


चूडामणि

sa-noun

चूडामणि • (cūḍāmaṇi) stem, m

चूडा (cūḍā, “a crest”) + मणि (maṇi, “a jewel”).

com

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


अंसकूट

áṃsakūṭa (romanization)
अंसकूटः (nominative singular)
अंसकूटौ (dual nominative)
अंसकूटा1 (dual nominative)
अंसकूटाः (nominative plural)
अंसकूटासः1 (nominative plural)
अंसकूटम् (accusative singular)
अंसकूटौ (accusative dual)
अंसकूटा1 (accusative dual)
अंसकूटान् (accusative plural)
अंसकूटेन (instrumental singular)
अंसकूटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंसकूटैः (instrumental plural)
अंसकूटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अंसकूटाय (dative singular)
अंसकूटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंसकूटेभ्यः (dative plural)
अंसकूटात् (ablative singular)
अंसकूटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंसकूटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंसकूटस्य (genitive singular)
अंसकूटयोः (dual genitive)
अंसकूटानाम् (genitive plural)
अंसकूटे (locative singular)
अंसकूटयोः (dual locative)
अंसकूटेषु (locative plural)
अंसकूट (singular vocative)
अंसकूटौ (dual vocative)
अंसकूटा1 (dual vocative)
अंसकूटाः (plural vocative)
अंसकूटासः1 (plural vocative)

From अंस (áṃsa, “shoulder”) + कूट (kū́ṭa, “any prominence or projection”).

(zoology) a bull's hump, protuberance between an ox's shoulders


हरीतकी

→ Tocharian B: arirāk

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual

(botany) black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula)


नाडी

sa-noun

नाडी • (nāḍī́) stem, f

nāḍī́ (romanization)
नाडी (nominative singular)
नाड्यौ (dual nominative)
नाडी1 (dual nominative)
नाड्यः (nominative plural)
नाडीः1 (nominative plural)
नाडीम् (accusative singular)
नाड्यौ (accusative dual)
नाडी1 (accusative dual)
नाडीः (accusative plural)
नाड्या (instrumental singular)
नाडीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाडीभिः (instrumental plural)
नाड्यै (dative singular)
नाडीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाडीभ्यः (dative plural)
नाड्याः (ablative singular)
नाड्यै2 (ablative singular)
नाडीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाडीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाड्याः (genitive singular)
नाड्यै2 (genitive singular)
नाड्योः (dual genitive)
नाडीनाम् (genitive plural)
नाड्याम् (locative singular)
नाड्योः (dual locative)
नाडीषु (locative plural)
नाडि (singular vocative)
नाड्यौ (dual vocative)
नाडी1 (dual vocative)
नाड्यः (plural vocative)
नाडीः1 (plural vocative)
नाडि (alternative)
नाली (alternative)
नालि (alternative)

Pali: nāḷī

Prakrit: णाडी (ṇāḍī)

Hindustani: nāṛī

Hindi: नाड़ी

Urdu: ناڑی (nāṛī)

Marathi: नाडी (nāḍī)

Punjabi: ਨਾੜੀ (nāṛī), ਨਾੜ (nāṛ)

→ Malay: nadi

Indonesian: nadi

desc

→ Malayalam: നാഡി (nāḍi), നാഡിക (nāḍika), നാഴി (nāḻi), നാഴിക (nāḻika)

→ Telugu: నాడి (nāḍi)

स इत्थमुद्वीक्ष्य तदब्जनालनाडीभिर्अन्तर्जलमाविवेश। नार्वाग्गतस्तत्खरनालनालनाभिं विचिन्वंस्तदविन्दताजः॥
sa itthamudvīkṣya tadabjanālanāḍībhirantarjalamāviveśa. nārvāggatastatkharanālanālanābhiṃ vicinvaṃstadavindatājaḥ.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.8.19

Lord Brahmā, thus contemplating, entered the water through the channel of the stem of the lotus. But in spite of entering the stem and going nearer to the navel of Viṣṇu, he could not trace out the root.


उशीर

→ Tocharian B: uśir

Chrysopogon zizanioides
Chrysopogon zizanioides#Translingual

Andropogon Muricatus
Andropogon Muricatus

(botany) root of the vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides or Andropogon Muricatus)