फल

phála (romanization)
फलम् (nominative singular)
फले (dual nominative)
फलानि (nominative plural)
फला1 (nominative plural)
फल (singular vocative)
फले (dual vocative)
फलानि (plural vocative)
फला1 (plural vocative)
फलम् (accusative singular)
फले (accusative dual)
फलानि (accusative plural)
फला1 (accusative plural)
फलेन (instrumental singular)
फलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फलैः (instrumental plural)
फलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फलाय (dative singular)
फलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फलेभ्यः (dative plural)
फलात् (ablative singular)
फलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फलस्य (genitive singular)
फलयोः (dual genitive)
फलानाम् (genitive plural)
फले (locative singular)
फलयोः (dual locative)
फलेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮 (phala) (see there for further descendants)

→ Khmer: ផល (pʰɑl), ផល្លា (pʰalla)

→ Malay: pahala (ڤهالا), pala

Indonesian: pahala, pala

→ Tagalog: pala

→ Malayalam: ഫലം (phalaṁ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: phala
> Javanese: ꦥꦭ (pala, “fruit; nutmeg”), ꦥꦲꦭ (pahala, “merit”) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬨᬮ (pala, “fruit; result”)

→ Tamil: பலன் (palaṉ), பயன் (payaṉ)

→ Telugu: ఫలము (phalamu)

→ Thai: ผล (pǒn)

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *paẓambor.
Sanskrit फल (phala)
Uncertain. The original meaning was "fruit". It is commonly considered a borrowing from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *paẓam (“ripe fruit”), from *paẓV- (“to ripen, become mature”) (compare Tamil பழம் (paḻam), Malayalam പഴം (paḻaṁ), Telugu పండు (paṇḍu) and Kannada ಹಣ್ಣು (haṇṇu)). However, Mayrhofer says nothing speaks for that and instead groups it with the family of words derived from the root फल् (phal, “to burst, split”) (as ripe fruit is prone to burst, see below for other words related to "bursting, splitting"). It might derive from Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to swell”) (with devoicing due to Siebs's law with an s-mobile). Another possibility is Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to split, tear off”) (for which see Lithuanian spãlis (“flax boon; October”) for more potential cognates).

cog

(mathematics, geometry) area or superficial contents of a figure


संख्या

saṃkhyā (romanization)
संख्या (nominative singular)
संख्ये (dual nominative)
संख्याः (nominative plural)
संख्ये (singular vocative)
संख्ये (dual vocative)
संख्याः (plural vocative)
संख्याम् (accusative singular)
संख्ये (accusative dual)
संख्याः (accusative plural)
संख्यया (instrumental singular)
संख्या1 (instrumental singular)
संख्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संख्याभिः (instrumental plural)
संख्यायै (dative singular)
संख्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
संख्याभ्यः (dative plural)
संख्यायाः (ablative singular)
संख्यायै2 (ablative singular)
संख्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संख्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
संख्यायाः (genitive singular)
संख्यायै2 (genitive singular)
संख्ययोः (dual genitive)
संख्यानाम् (genitive plural)
संख्यायाम् (locative singular)
संख्ययोः (dual locative)
संख्यासु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: saṅkhyā
→ Burmese: သင်္ချာ (sanghkya)

→ Hindi: संख्या (saṅkhyā) (learned)

→ Marathi: संख्या (saṅkhyā) (learned)

/ˈs̪ɐŋ.kʰjɑː/

(geometry) a gnomon (for ascertaining the points of the compass)


दोस्

dós (romanization)
दोः (nominative singular)
दोषी (dual nominative)
दोंषि (nominative plural)
दोः (singular vocative)
दोषी (dual vocative)
दोंषि (plural vocative)
दोः (accusative singular)
दोषी (accusative dual)
दोंषि (accusative plural)
दोषा (instrumental singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोर्भिः (instrumental plural)
दोषे (dative singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दोर्भ्यः (dative plural)
दोषः (ablative singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोर्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दोषः (genitive singular)
दोषोः (dual genitive)
दोषाम् (genitive plural)
दोषि (locative singular)
दोषोः (dual locative)
दोःषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáwṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš), Persian دوش (duš), Proto-Slavic *(paz)duxa (“bosom, armpit”), Proto-Celtic *dows(ants).

cog

(geometry) the part of an arc defining its sine

(geometry) the side of a triangle or square


कर्ण

kárṇa (romanization)
कर्णः (nominative singular)
कर्णौ (dual nominative)
कर्णा1 (dual nominative)
कर्णाः (nominative plural)
कर्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्ण (singular vocative)
कर्णौ (dual vocative)
कर्णा1 (dual vocative)
कर्णाः (plural vocative)
कर्णासः1 (plural vocative)
कर्णम् (accusative singular)
कर्णौ (accusative dual)
कर्णा1 (accusative dual)
कर्णान् (accusative plural)
कर्णेन (instrumental singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्णैः (instrumental plural)
कर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्णाय (dative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्णात् (ablative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्णस्य (genitive singular)
कर्णयोः (dual genitive)
कर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्णे (locative singular)
कर्णयोः (dual locative)
कर्णेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Grangali: kō̃

Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān

Kalami: kan

Kalasha: kọ̃

Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ

Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)

Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)

Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)

→ Domaaki: کون (kon)

Shumashti: kō̃ṛ

Tirahi: kana

Torwali: کان (kaṇ)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan

Pali: kaṇṇa

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
Central:
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: कान (kān)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Hindustani: kān
Hindi: कान
Urdu: کان (kān)
Romani: kan
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), कण्ण (kaṇṇa)
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
Bengali: কান (kan)
Hajong: কান
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Magahi: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Maithili: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢
Odia: କାନ (kāna)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Central Pahari:
Kumaoni: कान (kān)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: कान (kān)
Western Pahari:
Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
Punjabi: kann
Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ
Shahmukhi script: کَنّ
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: kanu
Arabic script: ڪَنُ
Devanagari script: कनु
Kachchi: કન (kan)
Southern:
Helu Prakrit:
⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: kānu
Devanagari script: कानु
Latin script: kanu
Kannada script: ಕಾನು
Old Marathi: kāna
Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡
Devanagari script: कान
Marathi: कान (kān)
Western:
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
Gujarati: કાન (kān)
Old Marwari: कान (kān)

→ Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)

→ English: Karna

→ Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)

→ Old Javanese: karṇa
> Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)

⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)

⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)

→ Thai: กรรณ (gan)

Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).

cog

(geometry) the hypotenuse of a triangle or the diagonal of a quadrilateral


पीठ

pīṭha (romanization)
पीठम् (nominative singular)
पीठे (dual nominative)
पीठानि (nominative plural)
पीठा1 (nominative plural)
पीठ (singular vocative)
पीठे (dual vocative)
पीठानि (plural vocative)
पीठा1 (plural vocative)
पीठम् (accusative singular)
पीठे (accusative dual)
पीठानि (accusative plural)
पीठा1 (accusative plural)
पीठेन (instrumental singular)
पीठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीठैः (instrumental plural)
पीठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पीठाय (dative singular)
पीठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीठेभ्यः (dative plural)
पीठात् (ablative singular)
पीठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीठस्य (genitive singular)
पीठयोः (dual genitive)
पीठानाम् (genitive plural)
पीठे (locative singular)
पीठयोः (dual locative)
पीठेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pīṭha

→ Hindi: पीठ (pīṭh) (learned)

→ Telugu: పీఠము (pīṭhamu) (learned)

Likely a substrate borrowing, as evidenced by phonetic variants which were precursors to derivatives in modern descendants.


बाहु

bāhú (romanization)
बाहुः (nominative singular)
बाहू (dual nominative)
बाहवः (nominative plural)
बाहो (singular vocative)
बाहू (dual vocative)
बाहवः (plural vocative)
बाहुम् (accusative singular)
बाहू (accusative dual)
बाहून् (accusative plural)
बाहुना (instrumental singular)
बाह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बाहुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बाहुभिः (instrumental plural)
बाहवे (dative singular)
बाह्वे1 (dative singular)
बाहुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बाहुभ्यः (dative plural)
बाहोः (ablative singular)
बाह्वः1 (ablative singular)
बाहुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बाहुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बाहोः (genitive singular)
बाह्वः1 (genitive singular)
बाह्वोः (dual genitive)
बाहूनाम् (genitive plural)
बाहौ (locative singular)
बाह्वोः (dual locative)
बाहुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: बाऊ (bāū)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বাহু (bahu)

Bengali: বাহু (bahu)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀳𑀼 (bāhu)

Pali: bāhu
→ Thai: พาหุ (paa-hù)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀩𑀸𑀳 (bāha)

Gujarati: બાંય (bā̃ya)

Hindi: बाँह (bā̃h)

Urdu: بان٘ہہ (bāṉh)

Punjabi: ਬਾਂਹ (bā̃h)

Romani: baj (“sleeve”)

→ Malay: bahu

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHȷ́ʰúš (“arm”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬰𐬎 (bāzu), Old Persian 𐎲𐎠𐏀𐎢 (b-a-z-u /bāzu/), (whence Persian بازو (bâzu)), Ancient Greek πῆχυς (pêkhus, “forearm”), Old English bōg (whence English bough).

(geometry) the side of an angular figure, (especially) the base of a right-angled triangle


लम्ब

lamba (romanization)
लम्बः (nominative singular)
लम्बौ (dual nominative)
लम्बा1 (dual nominative)
लम्बाः (nominative plural)
लम्बासः1 (nominative plural)
लम्ब (singular vocative)
लम्बौ (dual vocative)
लम्बा1 (dual vocative)
लम्बाः (plural vocative)
लम्बासः1 (plural vocative)
लम्बम् (accusative singular)
लम्बौ (accusative dual)
लम्बा1 (accusative dual)
लम्बान् (accusative plural)
लम्बेन (instrumental singular)
लम्बाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लम्बैः (instrumental plural)
लम्बेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लम्बाय (dative singular)
लम्बाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लम्बेभ्यः (dative plural)
लम्बात् (ablative singular)
लम्बाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लम्बेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लम्बस्य (genitive singular)
लम्बयोः (dual genitive)
लम्बानाम् (genitive plural)
लम्बे (locative singular)
लम्बयोः (dual locative)
लम्बेषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: లంబము (lambamu)


व्यास

Telugu: వ్యాసము (vyāsamu)

(geometry) width, breadth, the diameter of a circle


मूर्धन्

mūrdhán (romanization)
मूर्धा (nominative singular)
मूर्धानौ (dual nominative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual nominative)
मूर्धानः (nominative plural)
मूर्धन् (singular vocative)
मूर्धानौ (dual vocative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual vocative)
मूर्धानः (plural vocative)
मूर्धानम् (accusative singular)
मूर्धानौ (accusative dual)
मूर्धाना1 (accusative dual)
मूर्ध्नः (accusative plural)
मूर्ध्ना (instrumental singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्धभिः (instrumental plural)
मूर्ध्ने (dative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (ablative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (genitive singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual genitive)
मूर्ध्नाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्ध्नि (locative singular)
मूर्धनि (locative singular)
मूर्धन्1 (locative singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual locative)
मूर्धसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)

desc

Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)

Kalasha: mọn

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)

Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)

Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)

Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)

Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)

Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)

Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)

Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)

Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)

Pali: muddhan

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)

Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)

Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)

/ˈmuːɾ.d̪ʱɐn̪/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́
Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamər^əδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).


आकृति

ā́kṛti (romanization)
आकृतिः (nominative singular)
आकृती (dual nominative)
आकृतयः (nominative plural)
आकृते (singular vocative)
आकृती (dual vocative)
आकृतयः (plural vocative)
आकृतिम् (accusative singular)
आकृती (accusative dual)
आकृतीः (accusative plural)
आकृत्या (instrumental singular)
आकृती1 (instrumental singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आकृतये (dative singular)
आकृत्यै2 (dative singular)
आकृती1 (dative singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आकृतेः (ablative singular)
आकृत्याः2 (ablative singular)
आकृत्यै3 (ablative singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकृतेः (genitive singular)
आकृत्याः2 (genitive singular)
आकृत्यै3 (genitive singular)
आकृत्योः (dual genitive)
आकृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकृतौ (locative singular)
आकृत्याम्2 (locative singular)
आकृता1 (locative singular)
आकृत्योः (dual locative)
आकृतिषु (locative plural)