संस्कृत

sa-adj

सं॒स्कृ॒त or संस्कृ॑त • (saṃskṛtá or sáṃskṛta) stem

सं॒स्कृ॒त (canonical)
संस्कृ॑त (canonical)
saṃskṛtá (romanization)
sáṃskṛta (romanization)
संस्कृतः (nominative singular)
संस्कृतौ (dual nominative)
संस्कृता1 (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृतासः1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृतौ (accusative dual)
संस्कृता1 (accusative dual)
संस्कृतान् (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृतौ (dual vocative)
संस्कृता1 (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतासः1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृता (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृताम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृताः (accusative plural)
संस्कृतया (instrumental singular)
संस्कृता1 (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृताभिः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतायै (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (ablative singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (genitive singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृतायाम् (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतासु (locative plural)
संस्कृते (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)

Compound of सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + स्कृ (skṛ, “to do”) + -त (-ta, “-ed”).

com+

(Buddhism) conditioned; brought about by conditions


संस्कृत

saṃskṛtá (romanization)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (*saṃkkata), *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀝 (*saṃkkaṭa)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 (sakkaya), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀅 (sakkaa), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (sakkata), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa)
>? Sinhalese: සකු (saku) (possibly borrowed)
→ Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕದ (sakkada)

Pali: saṅkhata, saṅkhaṭa

→ Assamese: সংস্কৃত (xoṅskrit)

→ Bengali: সংস্কৃত (śoṅskrito)

→ English: Sanskrit

→ Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત (sãskŕt)

→ Hindi: संस्कृत (sanskŕt)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (saṃskṛta)

→ Marathi: संस्कृत (sauskrut)

→ Malayalam: സംസ്കൃതം (saṁskr̥taṁ)

→ Nepali: संस्कृत (sanskr̥t)

→ Odia: ସଂସ୍କୃତ (saṁskruta)

→ Persian: سانسکریت (sânskerit), سنسکریت (sanskerit), سَهاسْکِرْت (sahâskert)

desc

→ Tamil: சமஸ்கிருதம் (camaskirutam), சமசுகிருதம் (camacukirutam), சமக்கிருதம் (camakkirutam) — standard, சம்ஸ்க்ருதம் (camskrutam) — learned

→ Telugu: సంస్కృతము (saṁskr̥tamu)

desctree

→ Pali: sakkata (calque)
→ Burmese: သက္ကတ (sakka.ta., “Sanskrit”)

desc

→ Tibetan: ལེགས་སྦྱར (legs sbyar) (calque)

भावश् च यदि निर्वाणं निर्वाणं संस्कृतं भवेत्।
नसंस्कृतो हि विद्यते भावः क्व चन कश् चन॥
bhāvaś ca yadi nirvāṇaṃ nirvāṇaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ bhavet.

c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.5

If nirvana were an entity, it would then have been a conditioned phenomenon,
Because nowhere and by no means is there an entity not conditioned.

nasaṃskṛto hi vidyate bhāvaḥ kva cana kaś cana.

तारका तिमिरं दीपो मायावश्याय बुद्बुदः।
सुपिनं विद्युद् अभ्रं च एवं द्रष्टव्य संस्कृतम्॥
tārakā timiraṃ dīpo māyāvaśyāya budbudaḥ.

c. 300 CE – 600 CE, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 32

A shooting star, a shading of light, a lamp, an illusion, a hoarfrost, a bubble,
A dream, a lightning, a cloud — as such shall the conditioned existence be seen.

supinaṃ vidyud abhraṃ ca evaṃ draṣṭavya saṃskṛtam.

(Buddhism) conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned


संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
सन्धि (alternative)

→ English: sandhi

→ Marathi: संधी (sandhī)

Pali: sandhi

→ Tamil: சந்தி (canti)


सह

sahá (romanization)
सहः (nominative singular)
सहौ (dual nominative)
सहा1 (dual nominative)
सहाः (nominative plural)
सहासः1 (nominative plural)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहौ (accusative dual)
सहा1 (accusative dual)
सहान् (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहौ (dual vocative)
सहा1 (dual vocative)
सहाः (plural vocative)
सहासः1 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰós (“powerful, holding”), from the root *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *segos, whence Welsh hy (“bold”).

inh

various names or epithets
(Buddhism) a division of the world

various names or epithets
a division of the world


वस्तु

vastu (romanization)
वस्तु (nominative singular)
वस्तुनी (dual nominative)
वस्तूनि (nominative plural)
वस्तु1 (nominative plural)
वस्तू1 (nominative plural)
वस्तु (accusative singular)
वस्तुनी (accusative dual)
वस्तूनि (accusative plural)
वस्तु1 (accusative plural)
वस्तू1 (accusative plural)
वस्तुना (instrumental singular)
वस्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
वस्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वस्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
वस्तुने (dative singular)
वस्तवे1 (dative singular)
वस्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
वस्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
वस्तुनः (ablative singular)
वस्तोः1 (ablative singular)
वस्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वस्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
वस्तुनः (genitive singular)
वस्तोः1 (genitive singular)
वस्तुनोः (dual genitive)
वस्त्वोः1 (dual genitive)
वस्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
वस्तुनि (locative singular)
वस्तौ1 (locative singular)
वस्तुनोः (dual locative)
वस्त्वोः1 (dual locative)
वस्तुषु (locative plural)
वस्तु (singular vocative)
वस्तो (singular vocative)
वस्तुनी (dual vocative)
वस्तूनि (plural vocative)
वस्तु1 (plural vocative)
वस्तू1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: वत्थु (vatthu)

→ Assamese: বস্তু (bostu)

→ Balinese: ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢᬸ (wastu)

→ Bengali: বস্তু (bostu)

→ Gujarati: વસ્તુ (vastu)

→ Hindi: वस्तु (vastu), बस्त (bast)

→ Kannada: ವಸ್ತು (vastu)

→ Marathi: वस्तू (vastū)

→ Nepali: बस्तु (bastu), वस्तु (vastu)

→ Old Gujarati: वस्तु (vastu)

desctree

Pali: vatthu
→ Burmese: ဝတ္ထု (wathtu.)
→ Khmer: វត្ថុ (vŏətthoʼ)
→ Lao: ວັດຖຸ (wat thu)
→ Thai: วัตถุ (wát-tù)

Punjabi: ਵੱਥ (vattha), → ਵਸਤੁ (vastu)

→ Tagalog: wasto

→ Tamil: வஸ்து (vastu)

→ Telugu: వస్తువు (vastuvu)

→ Thai: วัสดุ (wát-sà-dù)

→ Urdu: وستو (vastū)


भाषा

bhāṣā (romanization)
भाषा (nominative singular)
भाषे (dual nominative)
भाषाः (nominative plural)
भाषाम् (accusative singular)
भाषे (accusative dual)
भाषाः (accusative plural)
भाषया (instrumental singular)
भाषा1 (instrumental singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भाषाभिः (instrumental plural)
भाषायै (dative singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भाषाभ्यः (dative plural)
भाषायाः (ablative singular)
भाषायै2 (ablative singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भाषाभ्यः (ablative plural)
भाषायाः (genitive singular)
भाषायै2 (genitive singular)
भाषयोः (dual genitive)
भाषाणाम् (genitive plural)
भाषायाम् (locative singular)
भाषयोः (dual locative)
भाषासु (locative plural)
भाषे (singular vocative)
भाषे (dual vocative)
भाषाः (plural vocative)

Dardic:

desc

Dameli: [script needed] (bâṣa, “language”)

Shina: بݜ (baṣ)

→ Domaaki: [script needed] (bāṣ)

desctree

Pali: bhāsā
→ Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (bhāṣa)
→ Burmese: ဘာသာ (bhasa)
→ Indonesian: bahasa
→ Isan: ภาษา (páa-sǎa)
→ Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa)
→ Khmer: ភាសា (phiəsaa)
→ Khün: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
→ Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
→ Lao: ພາສາ (phā sā)
→ Lü: ᦘᦱᦉᦱ (phaaṡaa)
→ Mon: ဘာသာ (pʰesa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩇᩣ (bhasa)
→ Shan: ၽႃႇသႃႇ (phàa sàa)
→ Thai: ภาษา (paa-sǎa)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 (bhāsā)

Eastern:

Bengali: ভাস (bhaś)

Bihari:

Maithili: भास (bhās)

Chakma: 𑄞𑄌𑄴 (bhāc)

Northern:

Garhwali: भाख (bhākh)

Kumaoni: भाश

Nepali: भास (bhās)

Insular:

Dhivehi: ބަސް (bas, “language”)

Sinhalese: බහ (baha, “word, saying”)

Southern:

Konkani: भास (bhās)

Central:

Chhattisgarhi: भाखा (bhākhā)

→ Acehnese: بَهْسَا (bahsa)

→ Assamese: ভাষা (bhaxa)

→ Banjarese: بَهَاسَ (bahasa)

→ Bengali: ভাষা (bhaśa)

→ Betawi: bahasa

→ Buginese: ᨅᨔ (basa)

→ Cia-Cia: bahasa / 바하사 (bahasa)

→ Dogri: (bhāśā)

Devanagari script: भाशा

Dogra script: 𑠡𑠬𑠧𑠬

→ Fiji Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā), bhasa

→ Gujarati: ભાષા (bhāṣā)

→ Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Kachchi: ભાષા (bhāṣā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe)

→ Madurese: بَهاسَ (basa)

→ Maguindanao: bahasah

→ Makasar: ᨅᨔ (basa)

→ Malay: bahasa (بهاس)
→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)
Indonesian: bahasa, basa (colloquial, uncommon)
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)
→ Musi: bahaso, baso
Negeri Sembilan Malay: baso
Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)
→ Tausug: bahasa
→ Yakan: bahasa

desc

→ Malayalam: ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), പാഴ (pāḻa) — tadbhava

→ Maranao: basa

→ Minangkabau: بَاسو (baso)

→ Nepali: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Newar: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Northern Khmer: พซา

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhāṣa
> Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (basa)

→ Odia: ଭାଷା (bhāṣā)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘥𑘰𑘬𑘰 (bhāṣā)

Marathi: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Punjabi: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)

→ Sinhalese: භාෂාව (bhāṣāwa)

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮞ (basa)

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→ Tamil: பாசை (pācai), பாடை (pāṭai) — nonstandard, rare, archaic, பாஷா (pāṣā), பாஷை (pāṣai) — tatsama

→ Tausug: bahasa

→ Telugu: భాష (bhāṣa)

→ Tulu: ಬಾಸೆ (bāse), ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), ಭಾಶೆ (bhāśe), ಬಾಶೆ (bāśe)

→ Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)

→ Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)

→ Yakan: bahasa

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: [Term?] (bāṣ, “word”)

From the root भाष् (bhāṣ, “to speak”); further origin uncertain. Theories include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-s- (“to sound”); compare Lithuanian balsas (“voice”) and Latvian balss (“voice”). The retroflexion is in this case due to Fortunatov's law.
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-s- (“to speak”); compare Latin fās (“divine law”). The retroflex ṣ could either be onomatopoeic or to avoid homonymy with root भास् (bhās, “to shine”) (compare originally fully homonymous English flower and flour or German küssen and Kissen).

der

रागिणी रागिणी#Sanskrit


जन

जन॑ (canonical)
jána (romanization)
जनः (nominative singular)
जनौ (dual nominative)
जना1 (dual nominative)
जनाः (nominative plural)
जनासः1 (nominative plural)
जनम् (accusative singular)
जनौ (accusative dual)
जना1 (accusative dual)
जनान् (accusative plural)
जनेन (instrumental singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनैः (instrumental plural)
जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जनाय (dative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
जनात् (ablative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनस्य (genitive singular)
जनयोः (dual genitive)
जनानाम् (genitive plural)
जने (locative singular)
जनयोः (dual locative)
जनेषु (locative plural)
जन (singular vocative)
जनौ (dual vocative)
जना1 (dual vocative)
जनाः (plural vocative)
जनासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Khmer: ជន (cŭən)

→ Telugu: జనుడు (januḍu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas
Sanskrit जन॑ (jána)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os. Cognate with Old Persian 𐏀𐎴 (zana, “man; tribe”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬬𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (srvōzana, “belonging to the race of the horned ones”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “creation”), French gens (“set of people”).

etymon

जन॑


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखः (nominative singular)
सुखौ (dual nominative)
सुखा1 (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुखासः1 (nominative plural)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखौ (accusative dual)
सुखा1 (accusative dual)
सुखान् (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखौ (dual vocative)
सुखा1 (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखासः1 (plural vocative)
शुख (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)?
Sanskrit ख (kha)?
Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)
Said to be from सु- (su-) + ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but the sense "pleasant, etc." possibly reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) + स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).

etymon

सु॒ख


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic sū́riya (romanization)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Sūrya, maker of the light,

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


दीपिका

dīpikā (romanization)
दीपिका (nominative singular)
दीपिके (dual nominative)
दीपिकाः (nominative plural)
दीपिकाम् (accusative singular)
दीपिके (accusative dual)
दीपिकाः (accusative plural)
दीपिकया (instrumental singular)
दीपिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीपिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
दीपिकायै (dative singular)
दीपिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीपिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
दीपिकायाः (ablative singular)
दीपिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीपिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीपिकायाः (genitive singular)
दीपिकयोः (dual genitive)
दीपिकानाम् (genitive plural)
दीपिकायाम् (locative singular)
दीपिकयोः (dual locative)
दीपिकासु (locative plural)
दीपिके (singular vocative)
दीपिके (dual vocative)
दीपिकाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

दीपिकाभ्याम्

दीपिकाभ्याम्

दीपिकाभ्याम्

रागिणी रागिणी#Sanskrit


पुरुष

sa-noun

पुरुष • (púruṣa) stem, m (feminine पुरुषी)

púruṣa (romanization)
पुरुष ी (feminine)
पुरुषः (nominative singular)
पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरुषाय (dative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरुषे (locative singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
पुरुषेषु (locative plural)
पुरुष (singular vocative)
पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
पूरुष (alternative)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ

Latin script: púruṣ

Hindustani:

Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)

Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)

Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)

→ Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)

→ Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)

→ English: purusha (learned)

→ Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)

→ Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)

→ Urdu: پرش (puruś)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)

→ Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)

→ Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

desc

→ Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)

→ Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)

→ Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)

→ Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

Probably an alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).

der

स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात् ।
स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम् ॥
sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám.

investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.

Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet,

(Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated


समय

samayá (romanization)
समयः (nominative singular)
समयौ (dual nominative)
समया1 (dual nominative)
समयाः (nominative plural)
समयासः1 (nominative plural)
समयम् (accusative singular)
समयौ (accusative dual)
समया1 (accusative dual)
समयान् (accusative plural)
समयेन (instrumental singular)
समयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समयैः (instrumental plural)
समयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समयाय (dative singular)
समयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
समयेभ्यः (dative plural)
समयात् (ablative singular)
समयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समयस्य (genitive singular)
समययोः (dual genitive)
समयानाम् (genitive plural)
समये (locative singular)
समययोः (dual locative)
समयेषु (locative plural)
समय (singular vocative)
समयौ (dual vocative)
समया1 (dual vocative)
समयाः (plural vocative)
समयासः1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀬 (samaya)

Hindustani: samā

Hindi: समा

Urdu: سَما

Gujarati: સમૌ (samau)

Marathi: सवे (save)

desc

Sinhalese: සමියෙන් (samiyen), සමා (samā), සෙමෙ (seme)

Old Awadhi: samaya

Devanagari script: समय

Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂧𑂨

desctree

→ Bengali: সময় (śomoẏ, “time”) (learned)
→ Garo: somai

desc

→ Hindi: समय (samay, “time; hours”) (learned)

→ Nepali: समय (samaya, “time; schedule, hours; chance”) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: samaya (“agreement, promise; meeting; time, season; convention, law, practice, doctrine”)
Javanese: ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone, to delay”)
→ Indonesian: sêmaya (“to postpone, to delay”)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬫᬬ (semaya, “agreement, alliance, fate”)

Pali: samaya (“time, occasion”)
→ Burmese: သမယ (sa.ma.ya.)

→ Hindustani: samai

Hindi: समै

desc

Urdu: سَمَیْ

Urdu: سَمَیْ

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠝꠄ (śomoe) (learned)

From the root समि (sami) or from सम्- (sam-) + अय (ayá), the latter a variant of इ (i, “to go”).


द्रव

drava (romanization)
द्रवः (nominative singular)
द्रवौ (dual nominative)
द्रवा1 (dual nominative)
द्रवाः (nominative plural)
द्रवासः1 (nominative plural)
द्रवम् (accusative singular)
द्रवौ (accusative dual)
द्रवा1 (accusative dual)
द्रवान् (accusative plural)
द्रवेण (instrumental singular)
द्रवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्रवैः (instrumental plural)
द्रवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्रवाय (dative singular)
द्रवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्रवेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्रवात् (ablative singular)
द्रवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्रवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्रवस्य (genitive singular)
द्रवयोः (dual genitive)
द्रवाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्रवे (locative singular)
द्रवयोः (dual locative)
द्रवेषु (locative plural)
द्रव (singular vocative)
द्रवौ (dual vocative)
द्रवा1 (dual vocative)
द्रवाः (plural vocative)
द्रवासः1 (plural vocative)

(drama) the flying out against one's superior


सिंह

siṃhá (romanization)
सिंहः (nominative singular)
सिंहौ (dual nominative)
सिंहा1 (dual nominative)
सिंहाः (nominative plural)
सिंहासः1 (nominative plural)
सिंहम् (accusative singular)
सिंहौ (accusative dual)
सिंहा1 (accusative dual)
सिंहान् (accusative plural)
सिंहेन (instrumental singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिंहैः (instrumental plural)
सिंहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सिंहाय (dative singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिंहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सिंहात् (ablative singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिंहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिंहस्य (genitive singular)
सिंहयोः (dual genitive)
सिंहानाम् (genitive plural)
सिंहे (locative singular)
सिंहयोः (dual locative)
सिंहेषु (locative plural)
सिंह (singular vocative)
सिंहौ (dual vocative)
सिंहा1 (dual vocative)
सिंहाः (plural vocative)
सिंहासः1 (plural vocative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha)

Kashmiri: सॖह (sụh)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (siṃha)

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘲𑘽𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘰 (sīṃhāḍā)

desctree

Pali: sīha
→ Burmese: သိဟ် (sih), သီဟ (siha.) (learned)
→ Khmer: សីហា (səyhaa), សីហៈ (səyhaʼ) (learned)
→ Shan: သီႇႁႃႉ (sìi hâ̰a) (learned)
→ Thai: สีห์ (sǐi), สีหะ (learned)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: सिंघ (siṅgh), سنگھ (siṅgh)

Punjabi: ਸਿੰਘ (siṅgh)

→ Assamese: সিংহ (xiṅho)
→ Karbi: hingho
→ Mising: ইংগ (iṅgo)

→ Bengali: সিংহ (śiṅho)
→ Kokborok: singho
→ Garo: singho

→ Bhojpuri: सिंह (sinh)

→ Bishnupriya Manipuri: সিংহ

→ Gondi: చిహొ (ciho)

→ Gujarati: સિંહ (sĩh)

→ Hindi: सिंह (sĩh), سنہ (siṅh)

→ Kannada: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

→ Lao: ສິງ (sing)

→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧂ (ṡiing)

→ Classical Malay: [Term?]

Malay: singa
→ Bau Bidayuh: singa
→ Central Melanau: singa
> Indonesian: singa (inherited)
→ Nalca: singa
→ Maranao: singa

desc

→ Malayalam: സിംഹം (siṁhaṁ), ചിങ്ങം (ciṅṅaṁ)

→ Malavedan: ചിമുകം (cimukaṁ)

→ Marathi: सिंह (siuha)

→ Nepali: सिंह (siṅha)

→ Old Javanese: [script needed] (siṅha)

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)

→ Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮍ (singa)

→ Old Khmer: សិង្ហ (siṅha), សិង៑ (siṅ)

Khmer: សិង្ហ (senghɑɑ), សឹង្ហ (səng)

→ Odia: ସିଂହ (siṁha)

→ Sinhalese: සිංහයා (siṁhayā)

→ Tamil: சிங்கம் (ciṅkam), சிம்மம் (cimmam), சிம்ஹம் (cimham)

→ Telugu: సింహము (siṁhamu)

→ Thai: สิงห์ (sǐng)

→ Tibetan: སེངྒེ (sengge)

→ Tulu: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰós, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language. Cognate with Old Armenian ինձ (inj).


आनन्द

ānandá (romanization)
आनन्दः (nominative singular)
आनन्दौ (dual nominative)
आनन्दा1 (dual nominative)
आनन्दाः (nominative plural)
आनन्दासः1 (nominative plural)
आनन्दम् (accusative singular)
आनन्दौ (accusative dual)
आनन्दा1 (accusative dual)
आनन्दान् (accusative plural)
आनन्देन (instrumental singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आनन्दैः (instrumental plural)
आनन्देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आनन्दाय (dative singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आनन्देभ्यः (dative plural)
आनन्दात् (ablative singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आनन्देभ्यः (ablative plural)
आनन्दस्य (genitive singular)
आनन्दयोः (dual genitive)
आनन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
आनन्दे (locative singular)
आनन्दयोः (dual locative)
आनन्देषु (locative plural)
आनन्द (singular vocative)
आनन्दौ (dual vocative)
आनन्दा1 (dual vocative)
आनन्दाः (plural vocative)
आनन्दासः1 (plural vocative)

Chinese: 阿難陀 /阿难陀 (Ānántuó)

Pali: ānanda

Prakrit: 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤 (āṇaṃda)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘡𑘽𑘟 (ānaṃda)

Marathi: आनंद (ānanda)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਅਨੰਦ (anand)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આણંદ (āṇand)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आनंद (ānand)

Urdu: آنَنْد (ānand)

→ Kannada: ಆನಂದ (ānanda)

→ Old Javanese: ānanda

→ Tamil: ஆனந்தம் (āṉantam)

→ Telugu: ఆనందము (ānandamu)

/ɑː.n̪ɐn̪.d̪ɐ/

(drama) the thing wished for, the end of the drama


आरम्भ

ārambhá (romanization)
आरम्भः (nominative singular)
आरम्भौ (dual nominative)
आरम्भा1 (dual nominative)
आरम्भाः (nominative plural)
आरम्भासः1 (nominative plural)
आरम्भम् (accusative singular)
आरम्भौ (accusative dual)
आरम्भा1 (accusative dual)
आरम्भान् (accusative plural)
आरम्भेण (instrumental singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरम्भैः (instrumental plural)
आरम्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आरम्भाय (dative singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरम्भात् (ablative singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरम्भस्य (genitive singular)
आरम्भयोः (dual genitive)
आरम्भाणाम् (genitive plural)
आरम्भे (locative singular)
आरम्भयोः (dual locative)
आरम्भेषु (locative plural)
आरम्भ (singular vocative)
आरम्भौ (dual vocative)
आरम्भा1 (dual vocative)
आरम्भाः (plural vocative)
आरम्भासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: আৰম্ভ (arombho)

→ Bengali: আরম্ভ (arombho)

→ Hindi: आरंभ (ārambh), आरम्भ (ārambh)

→ Kannada: ಆರಂಭ (ārambha)

→ Malayalam: ആരംഭം (ārambhaṁ)

Pali: ārambha

→ Punjabi: ਅਰੰਭ (arambh)

→ Sinhalese: ආරම්භය (ārambhaya)

→ Tamil: ஆரம்பம் (ārampam)

→ Telugu: ఆరంభము (ārambhamu)

อารัมภ,อารัมภะ,อารัมภ์

→ Thai: อารัมภ/อารัมภะ/อารัมภ์

→ Thai: อารัมภ/อารัมภะ/อารัมภ์

/ɑː.ɾɐm.bʱɐ́/

/ɑː.ɾɐm.bʱɐ/

आ- (ā-) + रम्भ (rambha), the latter from रम्भ् (rambh).

(drama) the commencement of the action which awakens an interest in the progress of the principal plot


अल्लाह

allāha (romanization)
अल्लाहः (nominative singular)
अल्लाहौ (dual nominative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual nominative)
अल्लाहाः (nominative plural)
अल्लाहासः1 (nominative plural)
अल्लाहम् (accusative singular)
अल्लाहौ (accusative dual)
अल्लाहा1 (accusative dual)
अल्लाहान् (accusative plural)
अल्लाहेन (instrumental singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अल्लाहैः (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहाय (dative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (dative plural)
अल्लाहात् (ablative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अल्लाहस्य (genitive singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual genitive)
अल्लाहानाम् (genitive plural)
अल्लाहे (locative singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual locative)
अल्लाहेषु (locative plural)
अल्लाह (singular vocative)
अल्लाहौ (dual vocative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual vocative)
अल्लाहाः (plural vocative)
अल्लाहासः1 (plural vocative)

/ɐl̪.l̪ɑː.ɦɐ/

From Hindustani اَللّٰہ (allāh) / अल्लाह (allāh).


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (m)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible. Cognate with Bulgarian мая (maja, “distract, enchant, delay”).

cog

(Buddhism) duplicity, one of the 24 minor evil passions


गौर

gaurá (romanization)
गौरम् (nominative singular)
गौरे (dual nominative)
गौराणि (nominative plural)
गौरा1 (nominative plural)
गौरम् (accusative singular)
गौरे (accusative dual)
गौराणि (accusative plural)
गौरा1 (accusative plural)
गौरेण (instrumental singular)
गौराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गौरैः (instrumental plural)
गौरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गौराय (dative singular)
गौराभ्याम् (dative dual)
गौरेभ्यः (dative plural)
गौरात् (ablative singular)
गौराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गौरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गौरस्य (genitive singular)
गौरयोः (dual genitive)
गौराणाम् (genitive plural)
गौरे (locative singular)
गौरयोः (dual locative)
गौरेषु (locative plural)
गौर (singular vocative)
गौरे (dual vocative)
गौराणि (plural vocative)
गौरा1 (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

Probably related to गो (gó, “cow”). The original sense would be "gaur (animal)", whence the other senses including "pale yellow-reddish > brilliant".


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).


हंस

haṃsá (romanization)
हंसः (nominative singular)
हंसौ (dual nominative)
हंसा1 (dual nominative)
हंसाः (nominative plural)
हंसासः1 (nominative plural)
हंसम् (accusative singular)
हंसौ (accusative dual)
हंसा1 (accusative dual)
हंसान् (accusative plural)
हंसेन (instrumental singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हंसैः (instrumental plural)
हंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हंसाय (dative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
हंसात् (ablative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हंसस्य (genitive singular)
हंसयोः (dual genitive)
हंसानाम् (genitive plural)
हंसे (locative singular)
हंसयोः (dual locative)
हंसेषु (locative plural)
हंस (singular vocative)
हंसौ (dual vocative)
हंसा1 (dual vocative)
हंसाः (plural vocative)
हंसासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: أنٛز (ạnz)

desc

𑀳𑀁𑀲<alt:हंस>

Prakrit: हंस (haṃsa) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: हंस (haṃsa) (see there for further descendants)

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).


स्वर

sa-noun

स्वर • (svára, svará) stem, m (root स्वर्)

svára (romanization)
svará (romanization)
स्वर ् (root)
स्वरः (nominative singular)
स्वरौ (dual nominative)
स्वरा1 (dual nominative)
स्वराः (nominative plural)
स्वरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वरम् (accusative singular)
स्वरौ (accusative dual)
स्वरा1 (accusative dual)
स्वरान् (accusative plural)
स्वरेण (instrumental singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वरैः (instrumental plural)
स्वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वराय (dative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वरात् (ablative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वरस्य (genitive singular)
स्वरयोः (dual genitive)
स्वराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वरे (locative singular)
स्वरयोः (dual locative)
स्वरेषु (locative plural)
स्वर (singular vocative)
स्वरौ (dual vocative)
स्वरा1 (dual vocative)
स्वराः (plural vocative)
स्वरासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Kapampangan: siwala

→ Khmer: សូរ (sou)

desctree

→ Malay: suara
Indonesian: suara
→ Kapampangan: siuala
→ Maguindanao: suala
→ Tausug: swara

→ Old Javanese: swara, sora
Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara), ꦱꦾꦫ (syara), ꦱꦸꦮꦫ (suwara)
→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ (suara)
>? Javanese: ꦱꦿꦮ (srawa)
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦫ (sora, “loud”) (inherited)
>? Malay: sorak
> Indonesian: sorak (inherited)

→ Tamil: ஸ்வரம் (svaram), சுரம் (curam)

→ Telugu: స్వరము (svaramu)

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound”).


जय

jayá (romanization)
जयः (nominative singular)
जयौ (dual nominative)
जया1 (dual nominative)
जयाः (nominative plural)
जयासः1 (nominative plural)
जयम् (accusative singular)
जयौ (accusative dual)
जया1 (accusative dual)
जयान् (accusative plural)
जयेन (instrumental singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयैः (instrumental plural)
जयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जयाय (dative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
जयात् (ablative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयस्य (genitive singular)
जययोः (dual genitive)
जयानाम् (genitive plural)
जये (locative singular)
जययोः (dual locative)
जयेषु (locative plural)
जय (singular vocative)
जयौ (dual vocative)
जया1 (dual vocative)
जयाः (plural vocative)
जयासः1 (plural vocative)

Bengali: জয় (joẏ)

→ Chinese: 闍耶 /阇耶

→ English: Jaya

Gujarati: જાય (jāya)

→ Hindi: जय (jay)

→ Kannada: ಜಯ (jaya)

→ Khmer: ជយោ (cĕəʼyoo)

→ Lao: ໄຊ (sai)

→ Lü: ᦺᦋ (tsay)

→ Madurese: jhâjâ

→ Malay: jaya

Indonesian: jaya

→ Malayalam: ജയാ (jayā)

Marathi: जय (jay)

Nepali: जय (jaya)

Odia: ଜୟ (jaya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: jaya
Javanese: ꦗꦪ (jaya)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬬ (jaya)

Pali: jaya
→ Khmer: ជ័យ (cɨy)
→ Burmese: ဇေယျ (jeyya.)
→ Mon: ဇၞး
→ Thai: ชัย (chai), ชโย (chayo) ไชโย (chaiyo)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੈ (jai)

Shahmukhi script: جے (jay)

→ Tamil: ஜெயா (jeyā), ஜெய (jeya)

→ Telugu: జయ (jaya), జయము (jayamu)

From the root जि (ji, “to win”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bĭ́ā).


पुष्प

púṣpa (romanization)
पुष्पम् (nominative singular)
पुष्पे (dual nominative)
पुष्पाणि (nominative plural)
पुष्पा1 (nominative plural)
पुष्पम् (accusative singular)
पुष्पे (accusative dual)
पुष्पाणि (accusative plural)
पुष्पा1 (accusative plural)
पुष्पेण (instrumental singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुष्पैः (instrumental plural)
पुष्पेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुष्पाय (dative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुष्पात् (ablative singular)
पुष्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुष्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुष्पस्य (genitive singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual genitive)
पुष्पाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुष्पे (locative singular)
पुष्पयोः (dual locative)
पुष्पेषु (locative plural)
पुष्प (singular vocative)
पुष्पे (dual vocative)
पुष्पाणि (plural vocative)
पुष्पा1 (plural vocative)

Pali: puppha

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀧𑁆𑀨 (puppha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Bengali: পুষ্প (puśpo)

→ Gujarati: પુષ્પ (puṣp)

→ Hindi: पुष्प (puṣp)

→ Indonesian: puspa

→ Malayalam: പുഷ്പം (puṣpaṁ)

→ Marathi: पुष्प (puṣpa)

→ Sundanese: puspa

desc

→ Tamil: புட்பம் (puṭpam), புஷ்பம் (puṣpam)

⇒ Telugu: పుష్పము (puṣpamu)

→ Thai: บุษบา (bùt-sà-baa)

(drama) gallantry, politeness, declaration of love


श्रुति

śrúti (romanization)
श्रुतिः (nominative singular)
श्रुती (dual nominative)
श्रुतयः (nominative plural)
श्रुतिम् (accusative singular)
श्रुती (accusative dual)
श्रुतीः (accusative plural)
श्रुत्या (instrumental singular)
श्रुती1 (instrumental singular)
श्रुतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रुतिभिः (instrumental plural)
श्रुतये (dative singular)
श्रुत्यै2 (dative singular)
श्रुती1 (dative singular)
श्रुतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रुतिभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रुतेः (ablative singular)
श्रुत्याः2 (ablative singular)
श्रुत्यै3 (ablative singular)
श्रुतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रुतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रुतेः (genitive singular)
श्रुत्याः2 (genitive singular)
श्रुत्यै3 (genitive singular)
श्रुत्योः (dual genitive)
श्रुतीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्रुतौ (locative singular)
श्रुत्याम्2 (locative singular)
श्रुता1 (locative singular)
श्रुत्योः (dual locative)
श्रुतिषु (locative plural)
श्रुते (singular vocative)
श्रुती (dual vocative)
श्रुतयः (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-
Sanskrit श्रु (śru)
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Sanskrit -ति (-ti)
Sanskrit श्रुति (śruti)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćrútiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlú-ti-s, from *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Old English hlūd (whence English loud), Lithuanian klausa, Proto-Slavic *sluxъ (whence Polish słuch, Russian слух (slux), Old Church Slavonic слоухъ (sluxŭ) (Glagolitic spelling ⱄⰾⱆⱈⱏ (sluxŭ)), Bulgarian слух (sluh)). Equivalent to श्रु (śru) + -ति (-ti).

etymon

(music) a particular division of the octave, a quarter tone or interval (twenty-two of these are enumerated, four constituting a major tone, three a minor, and two a semitone; they are said to be personified as nymphs)


भग

bhága (romanization)
भगः (nominative singular)
भगौ (dual nominative)
भगा1 (dual nominative)
भगाः (nominative plural)
भगासः1 (nominative plural)
भगम् (accusative singular)
भगौ (accusative dual)
भगा1 (accusative dual)
भगान् (accusative plural)
भगेन (instrumental singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भगैः (instrumental plural)
भगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भगाय (dative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भगेभ्यः (dative plural)
भगात् (ablative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भगस्य (genitive singular)
भगयोः (dual genitive)
भगानाम् (genitive plural)
भगे (locative singular)
भगयोः (dual locative)
भगेषु (locative plural)
भग (singular vocative)
भगौ (dual vocative)
भगा1 (dual vocative)
भगाः (plural vocative)
भगासः1 (plural vocative)

→ English: Bhaga

→ Hindi: भग (bhag)

Pali: bhaga

→ Tamil: பகன் (pakaṉ)

→ Telugu: భగము (bhagamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás
Sanskrit भग (bhaga)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”) Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *bogъ, an Iranian borrowing. The Sanskrit root is भज् (bhaj).

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रमदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bhaga, one of the Adityas, a god of wealth and marriage in Hinduism. In the Rigveda Bhaga is the god who supervises the distribution of goods and destiny to each man corresponding to his merits.


आर्य

ā́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic ā́riya (romanization)
आर्यः (nominative singular)
आर्यौ (dual nominative)
आर्या1 (dual nominative)
आर्याः (nominative plural)
आर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
आर्यम् (accusative singular)
आर्यौ (accusative dual)
आर्या1 (accusative dual)
आर्यान् (accusative plural)
आर्येण (instrumental singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आर्याय (dative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आर्यात् (ablative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आर्ये (locative singular)
आर्ययोः (dual locative)
आर्येषु (locative plural)
आर्य (singular vocative)
आर्यौ (dual vocative)
आर्या1 (dual vocative)
आर्याः (plural vocative)
आर्यासः1 (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)

Marathi: आजा (ājā), आजोबा (ājobā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja)

→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આજો (ājo)

Pali: ariya

Mon: အရဳ (ʼarī)

→ Assamese: আৰ্য্য (airzo)

→ Bengali: আর্য (arjo)

→ English: Arya

desc

→ Hindi: आर्य (ārya, “Aryan”), हिंद-आर्य (hind-ārya, “Indo-Aryan”)

→ Urdu: آریہ (ārya, “Aryan”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ārya
Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)

→ Punjabi: ਆਰੀਆ (ārīā, “Aryan”)

→ Tamil: ஆரியம் (āriyam)

desc

→ Thai: อารียา (female given name "Ariya")

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Áryas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Áryas (“Aryan”).
Old Indic ā́rya (with long a, vṛddhi-formed Sanskrit ā́rya-) is a cognate of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (with short a, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱriia) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 (a-r-i-y /Ariya/). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians.

(from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)

(Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali ayya, or ariya)


मुद्रा

mudrā́ (romanization)
मुद्रा (nominative singular)
मुद्रे (dual nominative)
मुद्राः (nominative plural)
मुद्राम् (accusative singular)
मुद्रे (accusative dual)
मुद्राः (accusative plural)
मुद्रया (instrumental singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुद्राभिः (instrumental plural)
मुद्रायै (dative singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुद्राभ्यः (dative plural)
मुद्रायाः (ablative singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुद्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुद्रायाः (genitive singular)
मुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
मुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मुद्रायाम् (locative singular)
मुद्रयोः (dual locative)
मुद्रासु (locative plural)
मुद्रे (singular vocative)
मुद्रे (dual vocative)
मुद्राः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

Assamese: মুদ্ৰা (mudra)

Bengali: মুদ্রা (mudra)

Hindi: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Konkani: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Marathi: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Nepali: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Odia: ମୁଦ୍ରା (mudrā)

Pali: muddā

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਦਰਾ (muddarā)

Tamil: முத்திரை (muttirai)

Telugu: ముద్ర (mudra)

Burmese: မုဒြာ (mu.dra)

Possibly an Iranian borrowing, from Proto-Iranian *mudrā, possibly ultimately from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /musar/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”).
Or, if from मुद्र (mudrá, “joyous, glad”), then related to माद्यति (mādyati, “to rejoice, revel, be drunk, intoxicated”).

der

(music) a dance accordant with tradition


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
> Indonesian: dana (inherited)

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


तित्तिरि

tittíri (romanization)
tittirí (romanization)
तित्तिरिः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरी (dual nominative)
तित्तिरयः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरिम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरी (accusative dual)
तित्तिरीन् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरिणा (instrumental singular)
तित्तिर्या1 (instrumental singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरये (dative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरेः (ablative singular)
तित्तिर्यः1 (ablative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरेः (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्यः1 (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual genitive)
तित्तिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरौ (locative singular)
तित्तिरा1 (locative singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual locative)
तित्तिरिषु (locative plural)
तित्तिरे (singular vocative)
तित्तिरी (dual vocative)
तित्तिरयः (plural vocative)


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोष (alternative)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (koṣa)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

(Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses


उषस्

uṣás (romanization)
उषाः (nominative singular)
उषसम् (accusative singular)
उषासम् (accusative singular)
उषाम् (accusative singular)
उषसा (instrumental singular)
उषसे (dative singular)
उषसः (ablative singular)
उषः (ablative singular)
उषसः (genitive singular)
उषः (genitive singular)
उषसि (locative singular)
उषः (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती ।
ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिणः॑ ॥
ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇaḥ.

Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.

Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri


सिन्धु

síndhu (romanization)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धून् (accusative plural)
सिन्धुना (instrumental singular)
सिन्ध्वा1 (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धूः (accusative plural)
सिन्ध्वा (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्ध्वै1 (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वाम्1 (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: সিন্ধু (śindhu) (learned)

→ Burmese: သိန္ဓု (sindhu.) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: सिंधु (sindhu)

Urdu: سِنْدھ (sindh)

→ Tamil: சிந்து (cintu) (learned)

→ Telugu: సింధు (sindhu) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಸಿಂಧು (sindhu) (learned)

→ Malayalam: സിന്ധു (sindhu), ചിന്തു (cintu) (learned)

→ Thai: สินธุ (sǐn-tú) (learned)

→ Tibetan: སིནྡུ (sindu) (learned)

→ English: Sindhu (learned)

Old Persian: 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Alternatively, from सेधति (sédhati, “to go, move”).

inh+

तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या।
त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से॥
tṛṣṭā́mayā prathamáṃ yā́tave sajū́ḥ susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́.
tváṃ sindho kúbhayā gomatī́ṃ krúmuṃ mehatnvā́ saráthaṃ yā́bhirī́yase.
You, Sindhu, in order to reach the swift-moving Gomatī, have united, yourself first with the Tṛṣṭāmā; (now be united) with the Susartu, the Rasā, the Śveti, the Kubha, and the Mehatnu, inconjunction with which streams you do advance.

(Vedic religion), the river Indus personified as a goddess.

(music) a particular राग (rāga) (Saṃgītas.)


गङ्गा

gaṅgā (romanization)
गङ्गा (nominative singular)
गङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
गङ्गया (instrumental singular)
गङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
गङ्गायै (dative singular)
गङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
गङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
गङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
गङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
गङ्गायाम् (locative singular)
गङ्गे (singular vocative)
गंगा (alternative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)

Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏 (gām̐ga)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: গাঙ্গ (gaṅgo)

Assamese: গাং (gaṅ)

Bengali: গাং (gaṅ)

Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄋 (gaṅā)

Sylheti: ꠉꠣꠋ (gaṅ)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṅgā)

Old Marathi: 𑘐𑘽𑘐𑘰 (gaṅgā)

Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Pali: gaṅgā

→ Burmese: ဂင်္ဂါ (gangga)

→ Khmer: គង្គា (kŭəngkiə)

→ Lao: ກັງກາ (kang kā)

→ Thai: คงคา (kong-kaa)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
Greek: Γάγγης (Gángis)
→ Latin: Gangēs
→ English: Ganges
French: Gange
→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)
→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)
→ Turkish: Ganj
Italian: Gange
→ Polish: Ganges
Portuguese: Ganges
Spanish: Ganges
→ Old Armenian: Գանգէս (Gangēs)

→ Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)

→ Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)

→ Czech: Ganga

→ Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)

→ Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Urdu: گَن٘گا (gaṅgā)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)

→ Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)

→ Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)

Chinese: 恆伽 /恒伽 (Hénggā)

→ Japanese: 恒河 (こうが, kōga)

→ Korean: 항하 (hangha) (恒河)

→ Vietnamese: Hằng

→ Middle Persian:

Classical Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Iranian Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Tajik: Ганг (Gang)

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng

→ Old Javanese:

Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)

→ Old Tamil:

Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)

→ Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gaṅgā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘گا (gaṉgā)

→ Sindhi: گنگا

→ Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)

→ Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)

Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.

इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या॥
imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
asiknyā́ marudvṛdhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śṛṇuhyā́ suṣómayā.

Accept this my praise, Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Śutudri, Paruṣṇi, Asiknī, Marudvṛdha and Vitastā; listen, Ārjikīya with Suṣomā.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) the Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga


पर्जन्य

parjánya (romanization)
पर्जन्यः (nominative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (dual nominative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual nominative)
पर्जन्याः (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यम् (accusative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (accusative dual)
पर्जन्या1 (accusative dual)
पर्जन्यान् (accusative plural)
पर्जन्येन (instrumental singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्जन्यैः (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्याय (dative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्जन्यात् (ablative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्जन्यस्य (genitive singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual genitive)
पर्जन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पर्जन्ये (locative singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual locative)
पर्जन्येषु (locative plural)
पर्जन्य (singular vocative)
पर्जन्यौ (dual vocative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual vocative)
पर्जन्याः (plural vocative)
पर्जन्यासः1 (plural vocative)

[pɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ́j̃.jɐ]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”), see also Latin spurcus, Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Latin spargo.

cog

(Vedic religion) rain personified or the god of rain (often identified with Indra)


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(Buddhism, Jainism) vihara, a monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls were used as temples)


मुरली

muralī (romanization)
मुरली (nominative singular)
मुरल्यौ (dual nominative)
मुरल्यः (nominative plural)
मुरलीम् (accusative singular)
मुरल्यौ (accusative dual)
मुरलीः (accusative plural)
मुरल्या (instrumental singular)
मुरलीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुरलीभिः (instrumental plural)
मुरल्यै (dative singular)
मुरलीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुरलीभ्यः (dative plural)
मुरल्याः (ablative singular)
मुरलीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुरलीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुरल्याः (genitive singular)
मुरल्योः (dual genitive)
मुरलीनाम् (genitive plural)
मुरल्याम् (locative singular)
मुरल्योः (dual locative)
मुरलीषु (locative plural)
मुरलि (singular vocative)
मुरल्यौ (dual vocative)
मुरल्यः (plural vocative)

desc

Assamese: মুৰুৰী (mururi), মুৰুলী (muruli)

Bengali: মুরলি (murli), মুরলী (murli)

Hindi: [script needed] (murlī)

Hindi: मुरली

Urdu: مُرْلِی

Urdu: مُرْلِی

Nepali: मुरलि (murali)

Punjabi: murliyu

Gurmukhi script: ਮੁਰਲੀ

Shahmukhi script: مُرْلِی

Sindhi: murlī

Arabic script: مُرلِيُ

Devanagari script: मुर्लियु

→ Tamil: முரளி (muraḷi)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *mur. Cognate to Sanskrit मुरज (muraja). Compare Tamil முரல் (mural), Telugu మొరయు (morayu).


बोधिसत्त्व

bodhi-sattva (romanization)
बोधिसत्त्वः (nominative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual nominative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (nominative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वम् (accusative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (accusative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वान् (accusative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वेन (instrumental singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधिसत्त्वैः (instrumental plural)
बोधिसत्त्वाय (dative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वात् (ablative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वस्य (genitive singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual genitive)
बोधिसत्त्वानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधिसत्त्वे (locative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual locative)
बोधिसत्त्वेषु (locative plural)
बोधिसत्त्व (singular vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

बोधिसत्त्वाः

→ Bengali: বোধিসত্ত্ব (bōdhiśotto)

Pali: bodhisatta

Burmese: ဗောဓိသတ် (bau:dhi.sat)

→ English: bodhisattva

desc

→ Chinese: 菩提薩埵 /菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), 菩薩 /菩萨 (púsà)

→ Japanese: 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta), 菩薩 (bosatsu)

→ Korean: 보살 (bosal)

→ Manchu: ᡦᡠᠰᠠ (pusa)

→ Vietnamese: bồ tát

→ Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (bodisadu)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu)

→ Khmer: ពោធិសត្វ (poothisat)

→ Lao: ໂພທິສັດ (phō thi sat)

→ Sinhalese: බෝධිසත්ත්ව (bōdhisattwa)

போதிசத்துவன்

→ Tamil: போதிசத்துவன் (pōticattuvaṉ)

→ Thai: โพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt)

→ Tocharian A: bodʰisattu

From बोधि (bodhí, “perfect knowledge”) + सत्त्व (sattvá, “essence”).


दृष्टि

sa-noun

दृष्टि • (dṛ́ṣṭi) stem, f

dṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
दृष्टिः (nominative singular)
दृष्टी (dual nominative)
दृष्टयः (nominative plural)
दृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
दृष्टी (accusative dual)
दृष्टीः (accusative plural)
दृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
दृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
दृष्टये (dative singular)
दृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
दृष्टी1 (dative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
दृष्टेः (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृष्टेः (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
दृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
दृष्टौ (locative singular)
दृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
दृष्टा1 (locative singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
दृष्टिषु (locative plural)
दृष्टे (singular vocative)
दृष्टी (dual vocative)
दृष्टयः (plural vocative)

Pali: diṭṭhi

→ Bengali: দৃষ্টি (driśṭi)

desc

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Kannada: ದೃಷ್ಟಿ (dṛṣṭi)

→ Old Marathi: दृष्टी (dṛṣṭī)

Marathi: दृष्टी (druṣṭī)

→ Punjabi: ਡਿੱਠ (ḍiṭṭha), ਦਿੱਠ (diṭṭha), ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ (driśṭī)

→ Tamil: திருஷ்டி (tiruṣṭi)

→ Telugu: దృష్టి (dr̥ṣṭi)

⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dŕ̥ṣṭiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dŕ̥štiš, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥ḱtis. By surface analysis, दृश् (dṛś) + -ति (-ti).

surf

आत्मदृष्टि (ātmadṛṣṭi): the view on the self, the (problematic) view that the self exists, the holding onto a self

(Buddhism) a wrong view; an invalid perspective


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)

Vṛddhi derivative of मैत्री (maitrī) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

(Buddhism) Maitreya, a bodhisattva, who is said to be the future Buddha of Buddhism


करण

karaṇa (romanization)
करणः (nominative singular)
करणौ (dual nominative)
करणा1 (dual nominative)
करणाः (nominative plural)
करणासः1 (nominative plural)
करणम् (accusative singular)
करणौ (accusative dual)
करणा1 (accusative dual)
करणान् (accusative plural)
करणेन (instrumental singular)
करणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
करणैः (instrumental plural)
करणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
करणाय (dative singular)
करणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
करणेभ्यः (dative plural)
करणात् (ablative singular)
करणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
करणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
करणस्य (genitive singular)
करणयोः (dual genitive)
करणानाम् (genitive plural)
करणे (locative singular)
करणयोः (dual locative)
करणेषु (locative plural)
करण (singular vocative)
करणौ (dual vocative)
करणा1 (dual vocative)
करणाः (plural vocative)
करणासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Arabic: كَرَّانِيّ (karrāniyy)
→ Swahili: karani
→ Kikuyu: karani
→ Malagasy:

→ Malay: kerani / کراني, Malay: kerana

Indonesian: kerani

→ Tagalog: kawaní

→ Tamil: கிரானி (kirāṉi)

Derived from the root कृ (kṛ) + -अन (-ana).


श्याम

śyāmá (romanization)
श्यै (root)
श्यामः (nominative singular)
श्यामौ (dual nominative)
श्यामा1 (dual nominative)
श्यामाः (nominative plural)
श्यामासः1 (nominative plural)
श्यामम् (accusative singular)
श्यामौ (accusative dual)
श्यामा1 (accusative dual)
श्यामान् (accusative plural)
श्यामेन (instrumental singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्यामैः (instrumental plural)
श्यामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्यामाय (dative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्यामात् (ablative singular)
श्यामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्यामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्यामस्य (genitive singular)
श्यामयोः (dual genitive)
श्यामानाम् (genitive plural)
श्यामे (locative singular)
श्यामयोः (dual locative)
श्यामेषु (locative plural)
श्याम (singular vocative)
श्यामौ (dual vocative)
श्यामा1 (dual vocative)
श्यामाः (plural vocative)
श्यामासः1 (plural vocative)
श्यामी (alternative in-compounds)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-mó-s (“black, dark”), from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “black”), Lithuanian šė̃mas (“blue-grey”). Compare also श्याव (śyāvá, “dark-brown, brown, dark-coloured, dark”). Historically connected with the root श्यै (śyai, “to freeze”).

inh

(music) a particular राग (rāga) (Saṃgīt.)


संज्ञा

sa-noun

संज्ञा • (saṃjñā́) stem, f

saṃjñā́ (romanization)
संज्ञा (nominative singular)
संज्ञे (dual nominative)
संज्ञाः (nominative plural)
संज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
संज्ञे (accusative dual)
संज्ञाः (accusative plural)
संज्ञया (instrumental singular)
संज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
संज्ञायै (dative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
संज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
संज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
संज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
संज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
संज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
संज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual locative)
संज्ञासु (locative plural)
संज्ञे (singular vocative)
संज्ञे (dual vocative)
संज्ञाः (plural vocative)

/sɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/s̪ɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

From the root संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā).

suf

संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā)

(Buddhism) perception (one of the 5 skandhas)


डमरु

ḍamaru (romanization)
डमरुः (nominative singular)
डमरू (dual nominative)
डमरवः (nominative plural)
डमरुम् (accusative singular)
डमरू (accusative dual)
डमरून् (accusative plural)
डमरुणा (instrumental singular)
डमर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
डमरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
डमरुभिः (instrumental plural)
डमरवे (dative singular)
डमर्वे1 (dative singular)
डमरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
डमरुभ्यः (dative plural)
डमरोः (ablative singular)
डमर्वः1 (ablative singular)
डमरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
डमरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
डमरोः (genitive singular)
डमर्वः1 (genitive singular)
डमर्वोः (dual genitive)
डमरूणाम् (genitive plural)
डमरौ (locative singular)
डमर्वोः (dual locative)
डमरुषु (locative plural)
डमरो (singular vocative)
डमरू (dual vocative)
डमरवः (plural vocative)
डमरुक (alternative)

Prakrit: 𑀟𑀩𑀭𑀼𑀅 (ḍabarua)

Northern:

Kumaoni: डौंर (ḍaũr), डौंरु (ḍaũru)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ḍaurū

Gurmukhi script: ਡੌਰੂ

Shahmukhi script: ڈَوْرُو

Southern:

desc

Marathi: डौर (ḍaur), डवरा (ḍavrā), डौरी (ḍaurī)

Assamese: ডম্বৰু (domboru)

Bengali: ডমরু (ḍomru)

Gujarati: ડમરુ (ḍamru)

Hindustani: ḍamrū

Hindi: डमरू (ḍamrū)

Urdu: ڈَمَرُو (ḍamarū)

Marathi: डमरु (ḍamru)

Nepali: डम्बरु (ḍambaru), डमरु (ḍamaru)

Odia: ଡମ୍ବରୁ (ḍambaru), ଡମରୁ (ḍamaru)

(music) a sacred drum, shaped like an hourglass, used by the god Shiva and by Buddhist mendicant monks for a musical accompaniment in chanting


प्रजापति

prajāpáti (romanization)
प्रजापतिः (nominative singular)
प्रजापती (dual nominative)
प्रजापतयः (nominative plural)
प्रजापतिम् (accusative singular)
प्रजापती (accusative dual)
प्रजापतीन् (accusative plural)
प्रजापतिना (instrumental singular)
प्रजापत्या1 (instrumental singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रजापतिभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रजापतये (dative singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रजापतिभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रजापतेः (ablative singular)
प्रजापत्यः1 (ablative singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रजापतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रजापतेः (genitive singular)
प्रजापत्यः1 (genitive singular)
प्रजापत्योः (dual genitive)
प्रजापतीनाम् (genitive plural)
प्रजापतौ (locative singular)
प्रजापता1 (locative singular)
प्रजापत्योः (dual locative)
प्रजापतिषु (locative plural)
प्रजापते (singular vocative)
प्रजापती (dual vocative)
प्रजापतयः (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: প্রজাপতি (prôjapôti)

→ English: Prajapati

Compound of प्रजा (prajā́, “creatures”) + पति (páti, “lord”).

com+

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Prajapati, a deity later identified with Brahma.


विराज्

virā́j (romanization)
विराट् (nominative singular)
विराजौ (dual nominative)
विराजा1 (dual nominative)
विराजः (nominative plural)
विराजम् (accusative singular)
विराजौ (accusative dual)
विराजा1 (accusative dual)
विराजः (accusative plural)
विराजा (instrumental singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराड्भिः (instrumental plural)
विराजे (dative singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
विराड्भ्यः (dative plural)
विराजः (ablative singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
विराजः (genitive singular)
विराजोः (dual genitive)
विराजाम् (genitive plural)
विराजि (locative singular)
विराजोः (dual locative)
विराट्सु (locative plural)
विराट् (singular vocative)
विराजौ (dual vocative)
विराजा1 (dual vocative)
विराजः (plural vocative)
विराज्ञी (nominative singular)
विराज्ञ्यौ (dual nominative)
विराज्ञी1 (dual nominative)
विराज्ञ्यः (nominative plural)
विराज्ञीः1 (nominative plural)
विराज्ञीम् (accusative singular)
विराज्ञ्यौ (accusative dual)
विराज्ञी1 (accusative dual)
विराज्ञीः (accusative plural)
विराज्ञ्या (instrumental singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराज्ञीभिः (instrumental plural)
विराज्ञ्यै (dative singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (dative dual)
विराज्ञीभ्यः (dative plural)
विराज्ञ्याः (ablative singular)
विराज्ञ्यै2 (ablative singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराज्ञीभ्यः (ablative plural)
विराज्ञ्याः (genitive singular)
विराज्ञ्यै2 (genitive singular)
विराज्ञ्योः (dual genitive)
विराज्ञीनाम् (genitive plural)
विराज्ञ्याम् (locative singular)
विराज्ञ्योः (dual locative)
विराज्ञीषु (locative plural)
विराज्ञि (singular vocative)
विराज्ञ्यौ (dual vocative)
विराज्ञी1 (dual vocative)
विराज्ञ्यः (plural vocative)
विराज्ञीः1 (plural vocative)

Compound of वि (ví, “apart, asunder”) + राज् (rā́j, “to rule”).

/ʋi.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʑ/

तस्मा॑द्वि॒राट्अ॒जायत वि॒राजो॒ अधि॒ पूरु॑षः।
स जा॒तो अत्य॑रिच्यत प॒श्चाद्भूमि॒मथो॑ पु॒रः॥
tásmādvirā́ṭajā́yátá virā́jo ádhi pū́ruṣaḥ.
sá jātó átyaricyata paścā́dbhū́mimátho puráḥ.

As soon as he was born he spread eastward and westward over the earth.

From him Viraj was born; again Purusha from Viraj was born.

(Vedic religion) born from purusha, and from whom Purusha was born. RV.


निष्क

niṣka (romanization)
निष्कः (nominative singular)
निष्कौ (dual nominative)
निष्का1 (dual nominative)
निष्काः (nominative plural)
निष्कासः1 (nominative plural)
निष्कम् (accusative singular)
निष्कौ (accusative dual)
निष्का1 (accusative dual)
निष्कान् (accusative plural)
निष्केण (instrumental singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निष्कैः (instrumental plural)
निष्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निष्काय (dative singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
निष्केभ्यः (dative plural)
निष्कात् (ablative singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निष्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
निष्कस्य (genitive singular)
निष्कयोः (dual genitive)
निष्काणाम् (genitive plural)
निष्के (locative singular)
निष्कयोः (dual locative)
निष्केषु (locative plural)
निष्क (singular vocative)
निष्कौ (dual vocative)
निष्का1 (dual vocative)
निष्काः (plural vocative)
निष्कासः1 (plural vocative)
निष्कम् (nominative singular)
निष्के (dual nominative)
निष्काणि (nominative plural)
निष्का1 (nominative plural)
निष्कम् (accusative singular)
निष्के (accusative dual)
निष्काणि (accusative plural)
निष्का1 (accusative plural)
निष्केण (instrumental singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निष्कैः (instrumental plural)
निष्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निष्काय (dative singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
निष्केभ्यः (dative plural)
निष्कात् (ablative singular)
निष्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निष्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
निष्कस्य (genitive singular)
निष्कयोः (dual genitive)
निष्काणाम् (genitive plural)
निष्के (locative singular)
निष्कयोः (dual locative)
निष्केषु (locative plural)
निष्क (singular vocative)
निष्के (dual vocative)
निष्काणि (plural vocative)
निष्का1 (plural vocative)

(numismatics) a particular coin varying in value through time


वाण

vāṇá (romanization)
वाणः (nominative singular)
वाणौ (dual nominative)
वाणा1 (dual nominative)
वाणाः (nominative plural)
वाणासः1 (nominative plural)
वाणम् (accusative singular)
वाणौ (accusative dual)
वाणा1 (accusative dual)
वाणान् (accusative plural)
वाणेन (instrumental singular)
वाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाणैः (instrumental plural)
वाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाणाय (dative singular)
वाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाणात् (ablative singular)
वाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाणस्य (genitive singular)
वाणयोः (dual genitive)
वाणानाम् (genitive plural)
वाणे (locative singular)
वाणयोः (dual locative)
वाणेषु (locative plural)
वाण (singular vocative)
वाणौ (dual vocative)
वाणा1 (dual vocative)
वाणाः (plural vocative)
वाणासः1 (plural vocative)

Of unclear origin.
Müller connects the word to Proto-Iranian *vāna-ka-, reflected in Persian بانگ (bâng, “voice, noise”). However, the Persian term is likely derived from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“voice, speech”), whence वाच् (vāc, “speech”), while वाण (vāṇa) is not easily derivable from that root.
Turner's attempt to link the word to Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak, say”) is formally unconvincing. Mayrhofer also rejects connections to वण् (vaṇ, “to sound”) and leaves the origin of the latter open.
Alternatively, Kuiper takes the word as a Munda borrowing.
Whether or not the "arrow" meaning is a semantic extension of the "noise" meaning or a phonetic variant of बाण (bāṇa, “arrow”) is uncertain.

der

(music) a harp with 100 strings (TS., Br., ŚrS.)


विधान

vidhāna (romanization)
विधानम् (nominative singular)
विधाने (dual nominative)
विधानानि (nominative plural)
विधाना1 (nominative plural)
विधानम् (accusative singular)
विधाने (accusative dual)
विधानानि (accusative plural)
विधाना1 (accusative plural)
विधानेन (instrumental singular)
विधानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विधानैः (instrumental plural)
विधानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विधानाय (dative singular)
विधानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विधानेभ्यः (dative plural)
विधानात् (ablative singular)
विधानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विधानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विधानस्य (genitive singular)
विधानयोः (dual genitive)
विधानानाम् (genitive plural)
विधाने (locative singular)
विधानयोः (dual locative)
विधानेषु (locative plural)
विधान (singular vocative)
विधाने (dual vocative)
विधानानि (plural vocative)
विधाना1 (plural vocative)

/ʋi.d̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of वि- (vi-) + धान (dhāna, “holding”)


मध्यम

madhyama (romanization)
मध्यमः (nominative singular)
मध्यमौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमाः (nominative plural)
मध्यमम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमाय (dative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमे (locative singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमेषु (locative plural)
मध्यम (singular vocative)
मध्यमौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

(music) the fourth or fifth note (Saṃgīt.)

(music) second of the three scales (Saṃgīt.)

(music) a particular melodic formula (Saṃgīt.)


प्रज्ञा

prajñā́ (romanization)
प्रज्ञा (nominative singular)
प्रज्ञे (dual nominative)
प्रज्ञाः (nominative plural)
प्रज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
प्रज्ञे (accusative dual)
प्रज्ञाः (accusative plural)
प्रज्ञया (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रज्ञायै (dative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
प्रज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual locative)
प्रज्ञासु (locative plural)
प्रज्ञे (singular vocative)
प्रज्ञे (dual vocative)
प्रज्ञाः (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: প্রজ্ঞা

→ Bengali: প্রজ্ঞা (projna)

→ English: Progya, Pragya

→ Sylheti: ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎ꠆ꠘꠣ (frozna)

→ English: prajna

→ Hindi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

→ English: Pragya

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಜ್ಞ (prajña)

→ Malayalam: പ്രജ്ഞ (prajña)

→ Marathi: प्रज्ञा (pradnyā)

→ Nepali: प्रज्ञा (pragyā)

desctree

Pali: paññā
→ Burmese: ပညာ (pa.nya)
→ Khün: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Lao: ປັນຍາ (pan nyā)
→ Lü: ᦔᧃᦍᦱ (ṗanyaa)
→ Middle Chinese: 般若 (MC paen nyaeX)
Mandarin: 般若 (bōrě)
Cantonese: 般若 (bo1 je5, but3 je5)
Hakka: 般若 (pat-ngiâ)
Min Nan: 般若 (poa̍t-jiá, poa̍t-ché, pat-jé)
→ Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
→ Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
→ Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)
→ Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Old Khmer:
Khmer: បញ្ញា (paññaa)
→ Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (pìng nyàa)
→ Thai: ปัญญา (bpan-yaa)

→ Sinhalese: ප්රඥ්ඥාව (pragngnāwa)

→ Tamil: பிரக்யா (pirakyā)

→ English: Pirakya

→ Telugu: ప్రజ్ఞ (prajña)

→ Thai: ปรัชญา (bpràt-yaa)

desc

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
From प्र- (pra-, “towards, pro-”) + ज्ञा (√jñā, “to know”).


वंश

vaṃśá (romanization)
वंशः (nominative singular)
वंशौ (dual nominative)
वंशा1 (dual nominative)
वंशाः (nominative plural)
वंशासः1 (nominative plural)
वंशम् (accusative singular)
वंशौ (accusative dual)
वंशा1 (accusative dual)
वंशान् (accusative plural)
वंशेन (instrumental singular)
वंशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वंशैः (instrumental plural)
वंशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वंशाय (dative singular)
वंशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वंशेभ्यः (dative plural)
वंशात् (ablative singular)
वंशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वंशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वंशस्य (genitive singular)
वंशयोः (dual genitive)
वंशानाम् (genitive plural)
वंशे (locative singular)
वंशयोः (dual locative)
वंशेषु (locative plural)
वंश (singular vocative)
वंशौ (dual vocative)
वंशा1 (dual vocative)
वंशाः (plural vocative)
वंशासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalami: بانش (bǟ˜š)

Kalasha: baš

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বাঁহ (bãh)

Bengali: বাঁশ (bãś)

Odia: ବାଉଁଶ (bāũśa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀁𑀲 (vaṃsa)

Konkani: वासो (vāsô)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਬਾਂਸ (bāns), ਬੰਸ (bans), ਵੰਸ (vans)

Pali: vaṃsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀁𑀲 (vaṃsa)

Gujarati: વાંસ (vā̃s)

Hindi: बाँस (bā̃s)

desctree

Urdu: بانس (bāṉs)
→ Pashto: باڼس (bāṇs)
→ Persian:
Dari: بَانْس (bāns), بَانْگْس (bāngs)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás
Sanskrit वंश (vaṃśa)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wanćás (“bamboo; ceiling beam”); cognate with Wakhi was (“ceiling beam”), Shughni вис (vis, “main roof-beam”).


पिण्ड

píṇḍa (romanization)
पिण्डः (nominative singular)
पिण्डौ (dual nominative)
पिण्डा1 (dual nominative)
पिण्डाः (nominative plural)
पिण्डासः1 (nominative plural)
पिण्डम् (accusative singular)
पिण्डौ (accusative dual)
पिण्डा1 (accusative dual)
पिण्डान् (accusative plural)
पिण्डेन (instrumental singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिण्डैः (instrumental plural)
पिण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिण्डाय (dative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिण्डात् (ablative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिण्डस्य (genitive singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual genitive)
पिण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
पिण्डे (locative singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual locative)
पिण्डेषु (locative plural)
पिण्ड (singular vocative)
पिण्डौ (dual vocative)
पिण्डा1 (dual vocative)
पिण्डाः (plural vocative)
पिण्डासः1 (plural vocative)
पिण्डम् (nominative singular)
पिण्डे (dual nominative)
पिण्डानि (nominative plural)
पिण्डा1 (nominative plural)
पिण्डम् (accusative singular)
पिण्डे (accusative dual)
पिण्डानि (accusative plural)
पिण्डा1 (accusative plural)
पिण्डेन (instrumental singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिण्डैः (instrumental plural)
पिण्डेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिण्डाय (dative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिण्डात् (ablative singular)
पिण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिण्डस्य (genitive singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual genitive)
पिण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
पिण्डे (locative singular)
पिण्डयोः (dual locative)
पिण्डेषु (locative plural)
पिण्ड (singular vocative)
पिण्डे (dual vocative)
पिण्डानि (plural vocative)
पिण्डा1 (plural vocative)

Romani: punro, pinro, pirro

→ Khotanese: piṇḍaa- (“lump”)

→ Iranian:

desc

→ Old Armenian: պինդ (pind, “firm, dense, tight, strong”)

Due to the diverse phonetic variation in the word's relatives in modern Indo-Aryan, Turner considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian (compare Tamil பிழி (piḻi, “squeeze”), Tamil பிண்டம் (piṇṭam, “what is squeezed”) from past *piẓi-nt- ‘squeeze’).


आख्यान

ākhyāna (romanization)
आख्यानम् (nominative singular)
आख्याने (dual nominative)
आख्यानानि (nominative plural)
आख्यानम् (accusative singular)
आख्याने (accusative dual)
आख्यानानि (accusative plural)
आख्यानेन (instrumental singular)
आख्यानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आख्यानैः (instrumental plural)
आख्यानाय (dative singular)
आख्यानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आख्यानेभ्यः (dative plural)
आख्यानात् (ablative singular)
आख्यानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आख्यानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आख्यानस्य (genitive singular)
आख्यानयोः (dual genitive)
आख्यानानाम् (genitive plural)
आख्याने (locative singular)
आख्यानयोः (dual locative)
आख्यानेषु (locative plural)
आख्यान (singular vocative)
आख्याने (dual vocative)
आख्यानानि (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

आख्यानाभ्याम्

आख्यानाभ्याम्

आख्यानाभ्याम्

→ Pali: akkhāna

→ Thai: อาขยาน (aa-kà-yaan)

/ɑːkʰ.jɑː.n̪ɐ/

(drama) telling of events which happened off-stage (Sāh.)


गौड

gauḍa (romanization)
गौडम् (nominative singular)
गौडे (dual nominative)
गौडानि (nominative plural)
गौडम् (accusative singular)
गौडे (accusative dual)
गौडानि (accusative plural)
गौडेन (instrumental singular)
गौडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गौडैः (instrumental plural)
गौडाय (dative singular)
गौडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गौडेभ्यः (dative plural)
गौडात् (ablative singular)
गौडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गौडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गौडस्य (genitive singular)
गौडयोः (dual genitive)
गौडानाम् (genitive plural)
गौडे (locative singular)
गौडयोः (dual locative)
गौडेषु (locative plural)
गौड (singular vocative)
गौडे (dual vocative)
गौडानि (plural vocative)

Bengali: গৌড় (gōuṛ)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀟𑁆𑀟 (goḍḍa)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: गोड (gōḍ)

Kannada script: ಗೋಡ (gōḍ)

Latin script: goud

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: गोड (goḍa)

Modi script: 𑘐𑘻𑘚 (goḍa)

⇒ English: Gaudian

→ Telugu: గౌడ (gauḍa)

(music) a particular modification of a melody


रूपक

rūpaka (romanization)
रूपकः (nominative singular)
रूपकौ (dual nominative)
रूपकाः (nominative plural)
रूपकम् (accusative singular)
रूपकौ (accusative dual)
रूपकान् (accusative plural)
रूपकेण (instrumental singular)
रूपकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रूपकैः (instrumental plural)
रूपकाय (dative singular)
रूपकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रूपकेभ्यः (dative plural)
रूपकात् (ablative singular)
रूपकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रूपकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रूपकस्य (genitive singular)
रूपकयोः (dual genitive)
रूपकाणाम् (genitive plural)
रूपके (locative singular)
रूपकयोः (dual locative)
रूपकेषु (locative plural)
रूपक (singular vocative)
रूपकौ (dual vocative)
रूपकाः (plural vocative)


नाटक

nāṭaka (romanization)
नाटकम् (nominative singular)
नाटके (dual nominative)
नाटकानि (nominative plural)
नाटका1 (nominative plural)
नाटकम् (accusative singular)
नाटके (accusative dual)
नाटकानि (accusative plural)
नाटका1 (accusative plural)
नाटकेन (instrumental singular)
नाटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाटकैः (instrumental plural)
नाटकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नाटकाय (dative singular)
नाटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
नाटकात् (ablative singular)
नाटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाटकस्य (genitive singular)
नाटकयोः (dual genitive)
नाटकानाम् (genitive plural)
नाटके (locative singular)
नाटकयोः (dual locative)
नाटकेषु (locative plural)
नाटक (singular vocative)
नाटके (dual vocative)
नाटकानि (plural vocative)
नाटका1 (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: নাটক (naṭok) (learned)

→ Chakma: 𑄚𑄑𑄧𑄇𑄴 (nāṭak) (learned)

→ Hindi: नाटक (nāṭak) (learned)

→ Kannada: ನಾಟಕ (nāṭaka) (learned)

→ Malayalam: നാടകം (nāṭakaṁ) (learned)

→ Odia: ନାଟକ (nāṭaka) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਟਕ (nāṭak) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: නාටකය (nāṭakaya) (learned)

→ Tamil: நாடகம் (nāṭakam) (learned)

→ Telugu: నాటకము (nāṭakamu) (learned)

(drama) a certain class of plays (Sāh., etc.)


उपरूपक

uparūpaka (romanization)
उपरूपकम् (nominative singular)
उपरूपके (dual nominative)
उपरूपकानि (nominative plural)
उपरूपकम् (accusative singular)
उपरूपके (accusative dual)
उपरूपकानि (accusative plural)
उपरूपकेन (instrumental singular)
उपरूपकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपरूपकैः (instrumental plural)
उपरूपकाय (dative singular)
उपरूपकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपरूपकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपरूपकात् (ablative singular)
उपरूपकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपरूपकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपरूपकस्य (genitive singular)
उपरूपकयोः (dual genitive)
उपरूपकानाम् (genitive plural)
उपरूपके (locative singular)
उपरूपकयोः (dual locative)
उपरूपकेषु (locative plural)
उपरूपक (singular vocative)
उपरूपके (dual vocative)
उपरूपकानि (plural vocative)

उपरूपकाभ्याम्

उपरूपकाभ्याम्

उपरूपकाभ्याम्

उप- (upa-, “inferior”) + रूपक (rūpaka, “drama”)

prefix

(drama) a drama of one of the eighteen lesser classes (Sāh.)


नान्दी

nāndī (romanization)
नान्दी (nominative singular)
नान्द्यौ (dual nominative)
नान्दी1 (dual nominative)
नान्द्यः (nominative plural)
नान्दीः1 (nominative plural)
नान्दीम् (accusative singular)
नान्द्यौ (accusative dual)
नान्दी1 (accusative dual)
नान्दीः (accusative plural)
नान्द्या (instrumental singular)
नान्दीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नान्दीभिः (instrumental plural)
नान्द्यै (dative singular)
नान्दीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नान्दीभ्यः (dative plural)
नान्द्याः (ablative singular)
नान्द्यै2 (ablative singular)
नान्दीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नान्दीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नान्द्याः (genitive singular)
नान्द्यै2 (genitive singular)
नान्द्योः (dual genitive)
नान्दीनाम् (genitive plural)
नान्द्याम् (locative singular)
नान्द्योः (dual locative)
नान्दीषु (locative plural)
नान्दि (singular vocative)
नान्द्यौ (dual vocative)
नान्दी1 (dual vocative)
नान्द्यः (plural vocative)
नान्दीः1 (plural vocative)

Vṛddhi derivative of नन्दि (nandi), from the root नन्द् (nand, “to rejoice”).


विष्कम्भ

viṣkambha (romanization)
विष्कम्भः (nominative singular)
विष्कम्भौ (dual nominative)
विष्कम्भाः (nominative plural)
विष्कम्भम् (accusative singular)
विष्कम्भौ (accusative dual)
विष्कम्भान् (accusative plural)
विष्कम्भेन (instrumental singular)
विष्कम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विष्कम्भैः (instrumental plural)
विष्कम्भाय (dative singular)
विष्कम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विष्कम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
विष्कम्भात् (ablative singular)
विष्कम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विष्कम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विष्कम्भस्य (genitive singular)
विष्कम्भयोः (dual genitive)
विष्कम्भानाम् (genitive plural)
विष्कम्भे (locative singular)
विष्कम्भयोः (dual locative)
विष्कम्भेषु (locative plural)
विष्कम्भ (singular vocative)
विष्कम्भौ (dual vocative)
विष्कम्भाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

विष्कम्भाभ्याम्

विष्कम्भाभ्याम्

विष्कम्भेभ्यः

विष्कम्भाभ्याम्

विष्कम्भेभ्यः

विष्कम्भानाम्

(drama) expository monologue or dialogue performed in between acts (Bhar., Daśar., etc.)


नाटिका

nāṭikā (romanization)
नाटिका (nominative singular)
नाटिके (dual nominative)
नाटिकाः (nominative plural)
नाटिकाम् (accusative singular)
नाटिके (accusative dual)
नाटिकाः (accusative plural)
नाटिकया (instrumental singular)
नाटिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाटिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
नाटिकायै (dative singular)
नाटिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाटिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
नाटिकायाः (ablative singular)
नाटिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाटिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाटिकायाः (genitive singular)
नाटिकयोः (dual genitive)
नाटिकानाम् (genitive plural)
नाटिकायाम् (locative singular)
नाटिकयोः (dual locative)
नाटिकासु (locative plural)
नाटिके (singular vocative)
नाटिके (dual vocative)
नाटिकाः (plural vocative)

नाटिकाभ्याम्

नाटिकाभ्याम्

नाटिकाभ्याम्

(drama) a style of drama which is composed of four acts and is a light-hearted romance (Sāh., etc.)


प्रहसन

prahasana (romanization)
प्रहसनम् (nominative singular)
प्रहसने (dual nominative)
प्रहसनानि (nominative plural)
प्रहसनम् (accusative singular)
प्रहसने (accusative dual)
प्रहसनानि (accusative plural)
प्रहसनेन (instrumental singular)
प्रहसनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रहसनैः (instrumental plural)
प्रहसनाय (dative singular)
प्रहसनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रहसनेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रहसनात् (ablative singular)
प्रहसनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रहसनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रहसनस्य (genitive singular)
प्रहसनयोः (dual genitive)
प्रहसनानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रहसने (locative singular)
प्रहसनयोः (dual locative)
प्रहसनेषु (locative plural)
प्रहसन (singular vocative)
प्रहसने (dual vocative)
प्रहसनानि (plural vocative)

प्रहसनाभ्याम्

प्रहसनाभ्याम्

प्रहसनाभ्याम्

(comedy) farcical comedy (Daśar., Sāh., etc.)


संगीतशाला

sa-noun

संगीतशाला • (saṃgītaśālā) stem, f

saṃgītaśālā (romanization)
संगीतशाला (nominative singular)
संगीतशाले (dual nominative)
संगीतशालाः (nominative plural)
संगीतशालाम् (accusative singular)
संगीतशाले (accusative dual)
संगीतशालाः (accusative plural)
संगीतशालया (instrumental singular)
संगीतशालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संगीतशालाभिः (instrumental plural)
संगीतशालायै (dative singular)
संगीतशालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संगीतशालाभ्यः (dative plural)
संगीतशालायाः (ablative singular)
संगीतशालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संगीतशालाभ्यः (ablative plural)
संगीतशालायाः (genitive singular)
संगीतशालयोः (dual genitive)
संगीतशालानाम् (genitive plural)
संगीतशालायाम् (locative singular)
संगीतशालयोः (dual locative)
संगीतशालासु (locative plural)
संगीतशाले (singular vocative)
संगीतशाले (dual vocative)
संगीतशालाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

संगीतशालाभ्याम्

संगीतशालाभिः

संगीतशालाभ्याम्

संगीतशालाभ्यः

संगीतशालायाः

संगीतशालाभ्याम्

संगीतशालाभ्यः

संगीतशालायाः

संगीतशालानाम्

संगीतशालायाम्

From संगीत (saṃgīta, “music”) + शाला (śālā, “building, room”).


नेपथ्य

nepathya (romanization)
नेपथ्यः (nominative singular)
नेपथ्यौ (dual nominative)
नेपथ्याः (nominative plural)
नेपथ्यम् (accusative singular)
नेपथ्यौ (accusative dual)
नेपथ्यान् (accusative plural)
नेपथ्येन (instrumental singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेपथ्यैः (instrumental plural)
नेपथ्याय (dative singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेपथ्येभ्यः (dative plural)
नेपथ्यात् (ablative singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेपथ्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेपथ्यस्य (genitive singular)
नेपथ्ययोः (dual genitive)
नेपथ्यानाम् (genitive plural)
नेपथ्ये (locative singular)
नेपथ्ययोः (dual locative)
नेपथ्येषु (locative plural)
नेपथ्य (singular vocative)
नेपथ्यौ (dual vocative)
नेपथ्याः (plural vocative)
नेपथ्यम् (nominative singular)
नेपथ्ये (dual nominative)
नेपथ्यानि (nominative plural)
नेपथ्यम् (accusative singular)
नेपथ्ये (accusative dual)
नेपथ्यानि (accusative plural)
नेपथ्येन (instrumental singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेपथ्यैः (instrumental plural)
नेपथ्याय (dative singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेपथ्येभ्यः (dative plural)
नेपथ्यात् (ablative singular)
नेपथ्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेपथ्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेपथ्यस्य (genitive singular)
नेपथ्ययोः (dual genitive)
नेपथ्यानाम् (genitive plural)
नेपथ्ये (locative singular)
नेपथ्ययोः (dual locative)
नेपथ्येषु (locative plural)
नेपथ्य (singular vocative)
नेपथ्ये (dual vocative)
नेपथ्यानि (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

नेपथ्याभ्याम्

नेपथ्याभ्याम्

नेपथ्याभ्याम्

नेपथ्याभ्याम्

नेपथ्याभ्याम्

नेपथ्याभ्याम्


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.

etymon

सप्तहरितः

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

(Vedic religion) a kind of reddish female horse belonging to the Gods


विजय

vijayá (romanization)
विजयः (nominative singular)
विजयौ (dual nominative)
विजया1 (dual nominative)
विजयाः (nominative plural)
विजयासः1 (nominative plural)
विजयम् (accusative singular)
विजयौ (accusative dual)
विजया1 (accusative dual)
विजयान् (accusative plural)
विजयेन (instrumental singular)
विजयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विजयैः (instrumental plural)
विजयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विजयाय (dative singular)
विजयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विजयेभ्यः (dative plural)
विजयात् (ablative singular)
विजयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विजयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विजयस्य (genitive singular)
विजययोः (dual genitive)
विजयानाम् (genitive plural)
विजये (locative singular)
विजययोः (dual locative)
विजयेषु (locative plural)
विजय (singular vocative)
विजयौ (dual vocative)
विजया1 (dual vocative)
विजयाः (plural vocative)
विजयासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Pali: vijaya
→ Burmese: ဝိဇယ (wi.ja.ya.)
→ Thai: วิชัย (wí-chai)

→ Malay: wijaya

→ Old Javanese: wijaya
Javanese: ꦮꦶꦗꦪ (wijaya)
→ Indonesian: Widjaja, Widjojo, Wijaya, Wijoyo
→ Balinese: ᬯᬶᬚᬬ (wijaya)

Compound of वि- (vi-) + जय (jayá, “victory”).


अङ्ग

अङ्ग ॑ (canonical)
áṅga (romanization)
अङ्गः (nominative singular)
अङ्गौ (dual nominative)
अङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
अङ्गाः (nominative plural)
अङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
अङ्गम् (accusative singular)
अङ्गौ (accusative dual)
अङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
अङ्गान् (accusative plural)
अङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
अङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अङ्गाय (dative singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्गात् (ablative singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
अङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
अङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्गे (locative singular)
अङ्गयोः (dual locative)
अङ्गेषु (locative plural)
अङ्ग (singular vocative)
अङ्गौ (dual vocative)
अङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
अङ्गाः (plural vocative)
अङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalasha: oŋg

Kashmiri: انگ

Pali: aṅga

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀕 (aṃga) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: अंग (aṅg)

desctree

→ Malay: angka (“numeral”)
Indonesian: angka

→ Malayalam: അംഗം (aṅgaṁ)

desc

→ Mongolian: анги (angi, “class, grade, classroom”)

→ Old Javanese: aṅga

Javanese: ꦲꦁꦒ (angga)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬗ᭄ᬕ (angga)

→ Telugu: అంగము (aṅgamu)

→ Tocharian B: ānk

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
Sanskrit अङ्ग॑ (áṅga)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“corner”).

etymon

अङ्ग॑

(Vedic religion) Vedanga (six auxiliary disciplines connected to the study of the Vedas)

(drama) the whole of the subordinate characters


स्वतन्त्र

svátantra (romanization)
स्वतन्त्रम् (nominative singular)
स्वतन्त्रे (dual nominative)
स्वतन्त्रानि (nominative plural)
स्वतन्त्रम् (accusative singular)
स्वतन्त्रे (accusative dual)
स्वतन्त्रानि (accusative plural)
स्वतन्त्रेन (instrumental singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वतन्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
स्वतन्त्राय (dative singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वतन्त्रात् (ablative singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वतन्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
स्वतन्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
स्वतन्त्रानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वतन्त्रे (locative singular)
स्वतन्त्रयोः (dual locative)
स्वतन्त्रेषु (locative plural)
स्वतन्त्र (singular vocative)
स्वतन्त्रे (dual vocative)
स्वतन्त्रानि (plural vocative)
स्वतंत्र (alternative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वतन्त्रानि

स्वतन्त्रानि

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः

स्वतन्त्रात्

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः

स्वतन्त्रस्य

स्वतन्त्रयोः

स्वतन्त्रानाम्

स्वतन्त्रयोः

स्वतन्त्रेषु

स्वतन्त्रानि

→ Hindi: स्वतंत्र (svatantra)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ (svatantra)

→ Malayalam: സ്വതന്ത്രം (svatantraṁ)

→ Marathi: स्वतंत्र (svatantra)

→ Nepali: स्वतन्त्र (svatantra)

→ Tamil: சுதந்திரம் (cutantiram)

→ Telugu: స్వతంత్రము (svatantramu)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: swatantra
Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra)
→ Indonesian: swatantra

/s̪ʋɐ.t̪ɐn̪.t̪ɾɐh/

[s̪ʋɐ.t̪ɐn̪.t̪ɾɐhɐ̆]

स्व (svá, “own, one's own”) + तन्त्र (tántra, “doctrine, rule”). Literally, “one one's own terms”.

affix

(religion) a particular doctrine of free-will or independence (Buddh.)