संधि

saṃdhí (romanization)
संधिः (nominative singular)
संधी (dual nominative)
संधयः (nominative plural)
संधिम् (accusative singular)
संधी (accusative dual)
संधीन् (accusative plural)
संधिना (instrumental singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संधिभिः (instrumental plural)
संधये (dative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
संधिभ्यः (dative plural)
संधेः (ablative singular)
संधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
संधेः (genitive singular)
संध्योः (dual genitive)
संधीनाम् (genitive plural)
संधौ (locative singular)
संध्योः (dual locative)
संधिषु (locative plural)
संधे (singular vocative)
संधी (dual vocative)
संधयः (plural vocative)
सन्धि (alternative)

→ English: sandhi

→ Marathi: संधी (sandhī)

Pali: sandhi

→ Tamil: சந்தி (canti)

(phonology, grammar) sandhi, euphonic combination


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमम् (nominative singular)
यमे (dual nominative)
यमानि (nominative plural)
यमा1 (nominative plural)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमे (accusative dual)
यमानि (accusative plural)
यमा1 (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमे (dual vocative)
यमानि (plural vocative)
यमा1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yamás, from Proto-Indo-European *yemHós (“connected, paired”), from *yemH- (“twin”). Cognate with Latin Remus.


अष्टाध्यायी

head

अष्टाध्यायी • (aṣṭādhyāyī) f

/ɐʂ.ʈɑːdʱ.jɑː.jiː/

/ɐʂ.ʈɑːd̪ʱ.jɑː.jiː/

Compound of अष्ट (aṣṭa) + अध्याय (adhyāya) + -ई (-ī).

com+

(linguistics) Literary meaning "eight chapters"; the earliest known grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether.


संयोग

saṃyoga (romanization)
संयोगः (nominative singular)
संयोगौ (dual nominative)
संयोगा1 (dual nominative)
संयोगाः (nominative plural)
संयोगासः1 (nominative plural)
संयोगम् (accusative singular)
संयोगौ (accusative dual)
संयोगा1 (accusative dual)
संयोगान् (accusative plural)
संयोगेन (instrumental singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संयोगैः (instrumental plural)
संयोगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संयोगाय (dative singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संयोगेभ्यः (dative plural)
संयोगात् (ablative singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संयोगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संयोगस्य (genitive singular)
संयोगयोः (dual genitive)
संयोगानाम् (genitive plural)
संयोगे (locative singular)
संयोगयोः (dual locative)
संयोगेषु (locative plural)
संयोग (singular vocative)
संयोगौ (dual vocative)
संयोगा1 (dual vocative)
संयोगाः (plural vocative)
संयोगासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: संयोग (sãyog)

Urdu: سنیوگ (sãyog)

From the root संयुज् (saṃyuj) or from सम्- (sam-) + योग (yoga).

(grammar) a conjunct consonant, combination of two or more consonants


य

ya (romanization)
यः (nominative singular)
यौ (dual nominative)
या1 (dual nominative)
याः (nominative plural)
यासः1 (nominative plural)
यम् (accusative singular)
यौ (accusative dual)
या1 (accusative dual)
यान् (accusative plural)
येन (instrumental singular)
याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यैः (instrumental plural)
येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
याय (dative singular)
याभ्याम् (dative dual)
येभ्यः (dative plural)
यात् (ablative singular)
याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
येभ्यः (ablative plural)
यस्य (genitive singular)
ययोः (dual genitive)
यानाम् (genitive plural)
ये (locative singular)
ययोः (dual locative)
येषु (locative plural)
य (singular vocative)
यौ (dual vocative)
या1 (dual vocative)
याः (plural vocative)
यासः1 (plural vocative)


स्त्री

strī́ (romanization)
स्त्री (nominative singular)
स्त्रियौ (dual nominative)
स्त्रियः (nominative plural)
स्त्रियम् (accusative singular)
स्त्रियौ (accusative dual)
स्त्रियः (accusative plural)
स्त्रिया (instrumental singular)
स्त्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्त्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
स्त्रिये (dative singular)
स्त्रियै1 (dative singular)
स्त्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्त्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
स्त्रियः (ablative singular)
स्त्रियाः1 (ablative singular)
स्त्रियै2 (ablative singular)
स्त्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्त्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्त्रियः (genitive singular)
स्त्रियाः1 (genitive singular)
स्त्रियै2 (genitive singular)
स्त्रियोः (dual genitive)
स्त्रियाम् (genitive plural)
स्त्रीणाम्1 (genitive plural)
स्त्रियि (locative singular)
स्त्रियाम्1 (locative singular)
स्त्रियोः (dual locative)
स्त्रीषु (locative plural)
स्त्रीः (singular vocative)
स्त्रियौ (dual vocative)
स्त्रियः (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalasha: istríža

Kashmiri: ترٕٛے

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (istri)

Pali: itthi

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻 (itthī)

Hindi: तिय (tiya)

Marwari: तिरिया (tiriyā) (Influenced by Sanskrit)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stríH (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬍 (strī, “woman”), Pashto ښځه (ẍëźa, “woman”), Sogdian 𐼼𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼿 (stryc), Ossetian силӕ (silæ).


इच्छा

icchā (romanization)
इच्छा (nominative singular)
इच्छे (dual nominative)
इच्छाः (nominative plural)
इच्छाम् (accusative singular)
इच्छे (accusative dual)
इच्छाः (accusative plural)
इच्छया (instrumental singular)
इच्छा1 (instrumental singular)
इच्छाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इच्छाभिः (instrumental plural)
इच्छायै (dative singular)
इच्छाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इच्छाभ्यः (dative plural)
इच्छायाः (ablative singular)
इच्छायै2 (ablative singular)
इच्छाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इच्छाभ्यः (ablative plural)
इच्छायाः (genitive singular)
इच्छायै2 (genitive singular)
इच्छयोः (dual genitive)
इच्छानाम् (genitive plural)
इच्छायाम् (locative singular)
इच्छयोः (dual locative)
इच्छासु (locative plural)
इच्छे (singular vocative)
इच्छे (dual vocative)
इच्छाः (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: इच्छा (icchā)

→ Kannada: ಇಚ್ಛೆ (icche)

→ Marathi: इच्छा (icchā)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: icchā (“wish, desire; pleased”), ica, eccha
Javanese: ꦲꦺꦕ (éca)
→ Indonesian: eco
→ Balinese: ᬳᬶᬘ (ica), ᬇᬘ

→ Old Tamil: 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀘𑁃 (iccai)
Tamil: இச்சை (iccai)

Pali: icchā

Marwari: चा (cā)

→ Telugu: ఇచ్ఛ (iccha)

→ Thai: อิจฉา (ìt-chǎa, “to envy”)

[it̚.t͡ɕʰɑː]

/it̪.t͡ɕʰɑː/

[it̪̚.t͡ɕʰɑː]

Nominalized from इच्छति (icchati, “to wish, desire”).


नदी

nadī́ (romanization)
नदीः (nominative singular)
नद्या (dual nominative)
नद्यः (nominative plural)
नद्यम् (accusative singular)
नद्या (accusative dual)
नद्यः (accusative plural)
नद्या (instrumental singular)
नदीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नदीभिः (instrumental plural)
नद्ये (dative singular)
नदीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नदीभ्यः (dative plural)
नद्यः (ablative singular)
नदीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नदीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नद्यः (genitive singular)
नद्योः (dual genitive)
नदीनाम् (genitive plural)
नदी (locative singular)
नद्योः (dual locative)
नदीषु (locative plural)
नदि (singular vocative)
नद्या (dual vocative)
नद्यः (plural vocative)
नदी (nominative singular)
नद्यौ (dual nominative)
नदी1 (dual nominative)
नद्यः (nominative plural)
नदीः1 (nominative plural)
नदीम् (accusative singular)
नद्यौ (accusative dual)
नदी1 (accusative dual)
नदीः (accusative plural)
नद्या (instrumental singular)
नदीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नदीभिः (instrumental plural)
नद्यै (dative singular)
नदीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नदीभ्यः (dative plural)
नद्याः (ablative singular)
नद्यै2 (ablative singular)
नदीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नदीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नद्याः (genitive singular)
नद्यै2 (genitive singular)
नद्योः (dual genitive)
नदीनाम् (genitive plural)
नद्याम् (locative singular)
नद्योः (dual locative)
नदीषु (locative plural)
नदि (singular vocative)
नद्यौ (dual vocative)
नदी1 (dual vocative)
नद्यः (plural vocative)
नदीः1 (plural vocative)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀈 (ṇaī)

Bengali: নই (noi), নৈ (nōi)

Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖜𑖂 (ṇaï)
Assamese: নৈ (noi)

Odia: ନଈ (nai)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀈 (ṇaī)

Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘃 (naī)

Konkani: न्हंय (nhaiya)

→ Old Javanese: nadī
Javanese: ꦤꦢꦶ (nadi)

Pali: nadī

Romani: len

→ Bengali: নদী (nodi) (learned)

→ Gujarati: નદી (nadī) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: नदी (nadī)

Urdu: نَدِی (nadī)

→ Kannada: ನದಿ (nadi) (learned)

→ Kashmiri: नदी (nadī) (learned)

→ Malayalam: നദി (nadi) (learned)

→ Marathi: नदी (nadī) (learned)

→ Marwari: नंदी (nandī) (learned)

→ Nepali: नदी (nadī) (learned)

→ Odia: ନଦୀ (nadi) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਨਦੀ (nadī) (learned)

→ Sindhi: ندي (learned)

→ Tamil: நதி (nati) (learned)

→ Telugu: నది (nadi) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) + *-íh₂. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍𐬨 (anaⁱδīm, “across a river”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek Νέδα (Néda, name of a river), Middle Low German Nette (name of a river).

cog

(linguistics) name of particular feminine stems ending in -ī or -ū (as in नदी (nadī) itself)


विशेषण

viśeṣaṇa (romanization)
विशेषणम् (nominative singular)
विशेषणे (dual nominative)
विशेषणानि (nominative plural)
विशेषणा1 (nominative plural)
विशेषणम् (accusative singular)
विशेषणे (accusative dual)
विशेषणानि (accusative plural)
विशेषणा1 (accusative plural)
विशेषणेन (instrumental singular)
विशेषणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विशेषणैः (instrumental plural)
विशेषणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विशेषणाय (dative singular)
विशेषणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विशेषणेभ्यः (dative plural)
विशेषणात् (ablative singular)
विशेषणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विशेषणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विशेषणस्य (genitive singular)
विशेषणयोः (dual genitive)
विशेषणानाम् (genitive plural)
विशेषणे (locative singular)
विशेषणयोः (dual locative)
विशेषणेषु (locative plural)
विशेषण (singular vocative)
विशेषणे (dual vocative)
विशेषणानि (plural vocative)
विशेषणा1 (plural vocative)

Pali: visesana

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: विशेषण (viśeṣaṇ)

Urdu: وشیشن (viśeṣaṇ)

→ Punjabi: ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ (viśeśaṇ)

/ʋi.ɕɐj.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

/ʋi.ɕeː.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

From वि- (vi-) + शिष् (śiṣ, root) + -अन (-ana).

con

(grammar) a word which particularises or defines; an adjective


कला

kalā́ (romanization)
कला (nominative singular)
कले (dual nominative)
कलाः (nominative plural)
कलाम् (accusative singular)
कले (accusative dual)
कलाः (accusative plural)
कलया (instrumental singular)
कला1 (instrumental singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कलायै (dative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कलायाः (ablative singular)
कलायै2 (ablative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलायाः (genitive singular)
कलायै2 (genitive singular)
कलयोः (dual genitive)
कलानाम् (genitive plural)
कलायाम् (locative singular)
कलयोः (dual locative)
कलासु (locative plural)
कले (singular vocative)
कले (dual vocative)
कलाः (plural vocative)

Central:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कल (kal)

Urdu: کَل (kal)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: کَل (kal)

Devanagari script: कल (kal)

Northwestern:

Lahnda: کَل

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕਲ਼ (kaḷ)

Shahmukhi script: کَلؕ (kaḷ)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڪَل

Devanagari script: कल

Southern:

Dhivehi: ކާލި (kāli)

Marathi: कळ् (kaḷ)

Sinhalese: කල (kala)

Eastern:

Bengali: কল (kol)

Odia: କଳ (kaḷa)

Western:

Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)

→ Newar:

Devanagari script: कल (kala)

Newa script: 𑐎𑐮 (kala)

Uncertain. The meaning "art" possibly borrowed from Dravidian *kal-ay "art, skill" related to *kal meaning "to learn". Compare கலை (kalai).


गति

gáti (romanization)
गतिः (nominative singular)
गती (dual nominative)
गतयः (nominative plural)
गतिम् (accusative singular)
गती (accusative dual)
गतीः (accusative plural)
गत्या (instrumental singular)
गती1 (instrumental singular)
गतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गतिभिः (instrumental plural)
गतये (dative singular)
गत्यै2 (dative singular)
गती1 (dative singular)
गतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गतिभ्यः (dative plural)
गतेः (ablative singular)
गत्याः2 (ablative singular)
गत्यै3 (ablative singular)
गतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गतेः (genitive singular)
गत्याः2 (genitive singular)
गत्यै3 (genitive singular)
गत्योः (dual genitive)
गतीनाम् (genitive plural)
गतौ (locative singular)
गत्याम्2 (locative singular)
गता1 (locative singular)
गत्योः (dual locative)
गतिषु (locative plural)
गते (singular vocative)
गती (dual vocative)
गतयः (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀇 (gaï)

desctree

Pali: gati
→ Khmer: គតិ (kĕəʼteʼ)
→ Burmese: ဂတိ (ga.ti.)
→ Thai: คติ (ká-dtì)

→ Bengali: গতি (gotoi)

→ Hindi: गति (gati)

→ Kannada: ಗತಿ (gati)

→ Marathi: गती (gatī), गति (gati)

→ Tamil: கதி (kati)

→ Telugu: గతి (gati)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gátiš (“going, motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḿ̥tis. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌-𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱβi-gaⁱti), Ancient Greek βάσις (básis), Proto-Germanic *kumþiz. By surface analysis, गम् (gam, “to go”) + -ति (-ti).

surf

(grammar) a term for prepositions and some other adverbial prefixes when immediately connected with the tenses of a verb or with verbal derivatives


समय

samayá (romanization)
समयः (nominative singular)
समयौ (dual nominative)
समया1 (dual nominative)
समयाः (nominative plural)
समयासः1 (nominative plural)
समयम् (accusative singular)
समयौ (accusative dual)
समया1 (accusative dual)
समयान् (accusative plural)
समयेन (instrumental singular)
समयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समयैः (instrumental plural)
समयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समयाय (dative singular)
समयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
समयेभ्यः (dative plural)
समयात् (ablative singular)
समयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समयस्य (genitive singular)
समययोः (dual genitive)
समयानाम् (genitive plural)
समये (locative singular)
समययोः (dual locative)
समयेषु (locative plural)
समय (singular vocative)
समयौ (dual vocative)
समया1 (dual vocative)
समयाः (plural vocative)
समयासः1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀬 (samaya)

Hindustani: samā

Hindi: समा

Urdu: سَما

Gujarati: સમૌ (samau)

Marathi: सवे (save)

desc

Sinhalese: සමියෙන් (samiyen), සමා (samā), සෙමෙ (seme)

Old Awadhi: samaya

Devanagari script: समय

Kaithi script: 𑂮𑂧𑂨

desctree

→ Bengali: সময় (śomoẏ, “time”) (learned)
→ Garo: somai

desc

→ Hindi: समय (samay, “time; hours”) (learned)

→ Nepali: समय (samaya, “time; schedule, hours; chance”) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: samaya (“agreement, promise; meeting; time, season; convention, law, practice, doctrine”)
Javanese: ꦱꦼꦩꦪ (semaya, “to postpone, to delay”)
→ Indonesian: sêmaya (“to postpone, to delay”)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬫᬬ (semaya, “agreement, alliance, fate”)

Pali: samaya (“time, occasion”)
→ Burmese: သမယ (sa.ma.ya.)

→ Hindustani: samai

Hindi: समै

desc

Urdu: سَمَیْ

Urdu: سَمَیْ

→ Sylheti: ꠡꠝꠄ (śomoe) (learned)

From the root समि (sami) or from सम्- (sam-) + अय (ayá), the latter a variant of इ (i, “to go”).

(grammar) a Vedic passage which is the repetition of another one


द्रव्य

dravya (romanization)
द्रव्यम् (nominative singular)
द्रव्ये (dual nominative)
द्रव्याणि (nominative plural)
द्रव्यम् (accusative singular)
द्रव्ये (accusative dual)
द्रव्याणि (accusative plural)
द्रव्येण (instrumental singular)
द्रव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्रव्यैः (instrumental plural)
द्रव्याय (dative singular)
द्रव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्रव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
द्रव्यात् (ablative singular)
द्रव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्रव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्रव्यस्य (genitive singular)
द्रव्ययोः (dual genitive)
द्रव्याणाम् (genitive plural)
द्रव्ये (locative singular)
द्रव्ययोः (dual locative)
द्रव्येषु (locative plural)
द्रव्य (singular vocative)
द्रव्ये (dual vocative)
द्रव्याणि (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

द्रव्याभ्याम्

द्रव्याभ्याम्

द्रव्याभ्याम्

→ Bengali: দ্রব্য (drôbbô)

→ Hindi: द्रव्य (dravya)

Romani: dráb, drap (“drug, herb, root”)

→ Burmese: ဒြပ် (drap)

→ Khmer: ទ្រព្យ (trŏəp)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: drawya (“property”), drabya, dṛwya, dṛbya, drĕwe, duwe, dwe
Javanese: ꦢꦸꦮꦺ (duwé, “to have, to own”)
→ Balinese: ᬤᬸᬯᬾ (duwé, “to have, to own”)

→ Thai: ทรัพย์ (sáp)

→ Northern Thai: ᨪᩢ᩠ᨷ (sap)

→ Lao: ຊັບ (sap)

(grammar) single object or person, individual (compare एक (eka-))


गुरु

sa-adj

गुरु • (gurú) stem (comparative गरीयस् or गुरुतर, superlative गरिष्ठ or गुरुतम)

gurú (romanization)
गरीयस् (comparative)
गुरुतर (comparative)
गरिष्ठ (superlative)
गुरुतम (superlative)
गुरुः (nominative singular)
गुरू (dual nominative)
गुरवः (nominative plural)
गुरुम् (accusative singular)
गुरू (accusative dual)
गुरून् (accusative plural)
गुरुणा (instrumental singular)
गुर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुभिः (instrumental plural)
गुरवे (dative singular)
गुर्वे1 (dative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरोः (ablative singular)
गुर्वः1 (ablative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरोः (genitive singular)
गुर्वः1 (genitive singular)
गुर्वोः (dual genitive)
गुरूणाम् (genitive plural)
गुरौ (locative singular)
गुर्वोः (dual locative)
गुरुषु (locative plural)
गुरो (singular vocative)
गुरू (dual vocative)
गुरवः (plural vocative)
गुर्वी (nominative singular)
गुर्व्यौ (dual nominative)
गुर्वी1 (dual nominative)
गुर्व्यः (nominative plural)
गुर्वीः1 (nominative plural)
गुर्वीम् (accusative singular)
गुर्व्यौ (accusative dual)
गुर्वी1 (accusative dual)
गुर्वीः (accusative plural)
गुर्व्या (instrumental singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुर्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
गुर्व्यै (dative singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुर्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
गुर्व्याः (ablative singular)
गुर्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
गुर्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुर्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुर्व्याः (genitive singular)
गुर्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
गुर्व्योः (dual genitive)
गुर्वीणाम् (genitive plural)
गुर्व्याम् (locative singular)
गुर्व्योः (dual locative)
गुर्वीषु (locative plural)
गुर्वि (singular vocative)
गुर्व्यौ (dual vocative)
गुर्वी1 (dual vocative)
गुर्व्यः (plural vocative)
गुर्वीः1 (plural vocative)
गुरु (nominative singular)
गुरुणी (dual nominative)
गुरूणि (nominative plural)
गुरु1 (nominative plural)
गुरू1 (nominative plural)
गुरु (accusative singular)
गुरुणी (accusative dual)
गुरूणि (accusative plural)
गुरु1 (accusative plural)
गुरू1 (accusative plural)
गुरुणा (instrumental singular)
गुर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुभिः (instrumental plural)
गुरुणे (dative singular)
गुरवे (dative singular)
गुर्वे1 (dative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरुणः (ablative singular)
गुरोः (ablative singular)
गुर्वः1 (ablative singular)
गुरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरुणः (genitive singular)
गुरोः (genitive singular)
गुर्वः1 (genitive singular)
गुरुणोः (dual genitive)
गुर्वोः (dual genitive)
गुरूणाम् (genitive plural)
गुरुणि (locative singular)
गुरौ (locative singular)
गुरुणोः (dual locative)
गुर्वोः (dual locative)
गुरुषु (locative plural)
गुरु (singular vocative)
गुरो (singular vocative)
गुरुणी (dual vocative)
गुरूणि (plural vocative)
गुरु1 (plural vocative)
गुरू1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “burdensome”), Latin gravis, Persian گران (gerân).

(prosody) long by nature or position (a vowel)


चक्र

cakrá (romanization)
चक्रम् (nominative singular)
चक्रे (dual nominative)
चक्राणि (nominative plural)
चक्रा1 (nominative plural)
चक्रम् (accusative singular)
चक्रे (accusative dual)
चक्राणि (accusative plural)
चक्रा1 (accusative plural)
चक्रेण (instrumental singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रैः (instrumental plural)
चक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चक्राय (dative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रात् (ablative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रस्य (genitive singular)
चक्रयोः (dual genitive)
चक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रे (locative singular)
चक्रयोः (dual locative)
चक्रेषु (locative plural)
चक्र (singular vocative)
चक्रे (dual vocative)
चक्राणि (plural vocative)
चक्रा1 (plural vocative)
चक्रः (nominative singular)
चक्रौ (dual nominative)
चक्रा1 (dual nominative)
चक्राः (nominative plural)
चक्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चक्रम् (accusative singular)
चक्रौ (accusative dual)
चक्रा1 (accusative dual)
चक्रान् (accusative plural)
चक्रेण (instrumental singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रैः (instrumental plural)
चक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चक्राय (dative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रात् (ablative singular)
चक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रस्य (genitive singular)
चक्रयोः (dual genitive)
चक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रे (locative singular)
चक्रयोः (dual locative)
चक्रेषु (locative plural)
चक्र (singular vocative)
चक्रौ (dual vocative)
चक्रा1 (dual vocative)
चक्राः (plural vocative)
चक्रासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cakka)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: চাক (sak), চকা (soka), চাকি (saki)
Bengali: চাকা (caka)
Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠇꠣ (saxa)
Odia: ଚକ (caka)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabi: ਚੱਕਰ (cakkar, “circle, rotation”), ਚੱਕਾ (cakkā, “wheel, rim”)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani: cāk
Devanagari script: चाक
Kannada script: ಚಾಕ್
Latin script: chaak
Old Marathi: cāka
Devanagari script: चाक
Modi script: 𑘓𑘰𑘎
Marathi: चाक (cāk)
→ Santali: ᱪᱚᱠ (côk)

Pali: cakka
→ Burmese: စက် (cak)
→ Shan: ၸၢၵ်ႈ (tsāak)
→ Jingpho: jak
→ S'gaw Karen: စဲး (seḧ)
→ Western Kayah: ꤡꤢꤧ (cae)
→ Zaiwa: svdiq
→ Lao: ຈັກ (chak), ຈັກກະ (chak ka)

→ Bengali: চক্র (cokro)

→ English: chakra, chakram

→ Finnish: chakra

→ Gujarati: ચક્ર (cakra)

→ Hindi: चक्र (cakra), चक्कर (cakkar)

→ Kannada: ಚಕ್ರ (cakra)

→ Malay: cakera, cakra (چاکرا)

→ Malayalam: ചക്രം (cakraṁ)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: chakra

Norwegian Nynorsk: chakra

→ Japanese: チャクラ (chakura)

→ Old Javanese: cakra
Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿ (cakra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭ (cakra)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cakkaram)
Tamil: சக்கரம் (cakkaram, “wheel”), சக்கிரம் (cakkiram)

→ Portuguese: chacra

→ Sogdian: ܨܮܪ (čaxr /cγr/)

→ Tocharian B: cākkär

→ Old Uyghur: 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakir)

→ Spanish: chakra

→ Sylheti: ꠌꠇ꠆ꠇꠞ (sokkor)

→ Tagalog: sakla

→ Telugu: చక్రము (cakramu)

→ Thai: จักร (jàk)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám (“wheel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”), Persian چرخ (čarx), Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos), Old English hwēol (whence English wheel).


सिंह

siṃhá (romanization)
सिंहः (nominative singular)
सिंहौ (dual nominative)
सिंहा1 (dual nominative)
सिंहाः (nominative plural)
सिंहासः1 (nominative plural)
सिंहम् (accusative singular)
सिंहौ (accusative dual)
सिंहा1 (accusative dual)
सिंहान् (accusative plural)
सिंहेन (instrumental singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिंहैः (instrumental plural)
सिंहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सिंहाय (dative singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिंहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सिंहात् (ablative singular)
सिंहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिंहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिंहस्य (genitive singular)
सिंहयोः (dual genitive)
सिंहानाम् (genitive plural)
सिंहे (locative singular)
सिंहयोः (dual locative)
सिंहेषु (locative plural)
सिंह (singular vocative)
सिंहौ (dual vocative)
सिंहा1 (dual vocative)
सिंहाः (plural vocative)
सिंहासः1 (plural vocative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha)

Kashmiri: सॖह (sụh)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀺𑀁𑀳 (śiṃha)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀻𑀳 (sīha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha), 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳 (siṃha)

Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘲𑘽𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘰 (sīṃhāḍā)

desctree

Pali: sīha
→ Burmese: သိဟ် (sih), သီဟ (siha.) (learned)
→ Khmer: សីហា (səyhaa), សីហៈ (səyhaʼ) (learned)
→ Shan: သီႇႁႃႉ (sìi hâ̰a) (learned)
→ Thai: สีห์ (sǐi), สีหะ (learned)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀖 (siṃgha)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: सिंघ (siṅgh), سنگھ (siṅgh)

Punjabi: ਸਿੰਘ (siṅgh)

→ Assamese: সিংহ (xiṅho)
→ Karbi: hingho
→ Mising: ইংগ (iṅgo)

→ Bengali: সিংহ (śiṅho)
→ Kokborok: singho
→ Garo: singho

→ Bhojpuri: सिंह (sinh)

→ Bishnupriya Manipuri: সিংহ

→ Gondi: చిహొ (ciho)

→ Gujarati: સિંહ (sĩh)

→ Hindi: सिंह (sĩh), سنہ (siṅh)

→ Kannada: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

→ Lao: ສິງ (sing)

→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧂ (ṡiing)

→ Classical Malay: [Term?]

Malay: singa
→ Bau Bidayuh: singa
→ Central Melanau: singa
> Indonesian: singa (inherited)
→ Nalca: singa
→ Maranao: singa

desc

→ Malayalam: സിംഹം (siṁhaṁ), ചിങ്ങം (ciṅṅaṁ)

→ Malavedan: ചിമുകം (cimukaṁ)

→ Marathi: सिंह (siuha)

→ Nepali: सिंह (siṅha)

→ Old Javanese: [script needed] (siṅha)

Javanese: ꦱꦶꦔ (singa)

→ Sundanese: ᮞᮤᮍ (singa)

→ Old Khmer: សិង្ហ (siṅha), សិង៑ (siṅ)

Khmer: សិង្ហ (senghɑɑ), សឹង្ហ (səng)

→ Odia: ସିଂହ (siṁha)

→ Sinhalese: සිංහයා (siṁhayā)

→ Tamil: சிங்கம் (ciṅkam), சிம்மம் (cimmam), சிம்ஹம் (cimham)

→ Telugu: సింహము (siṁhamu)

→ Thai: สิงห์ (sǐng)

→ Tibetan: སེངྒེ (sengge)

→ Tulu: ಸಿಂಹ (siṃha)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sinźʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sinȷ́ʰás, from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰós, ultimately a borrowing from a Central Asian substrate language. Cognate with Old Armenian ինձ (inj).

(astrology) the zodiacal sign Leo or its lagna


गण

gaṇá (romanization)
गणः (nominative singular)
गणौ (dual nominative)
गणा1 (dual nominative)
गणाः (nominative plural)
गणासः1 (nominative plural)
गणम् (accusative singular)
गणौ (accusative dual)
गणा1 (accusative dual)
गणान् (accusative plural)
गणेन (instrumental singular)
गणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणैः (instrumental plural)
गणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गणाय (dative singular)
गणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणेभ्यः (dative plural)
गणात् (ablative singular)
गणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणस्य (genitive singular)
गणयोः (dual genitive)
गणानाम् (genitive plural)
गणे (locative singular)
गणयोः (dual locative)
गणेषु (locative plural)
गण (singular vocative)
गणौ (dual vocative)
गणा1 (dual vocative)
गणाः (plural vocative)
गणासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Torwali: گن (gan)

Hindi: गण (gaṇ)

→ Khmer: គណ (kŭən)

Pali: gaṇa
→ Burmese: ဂိုဏ်း (guin:)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gaṇa
> Javanese: ꦒꦤ (gana) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬕᬡ (gana)

→ Tamil: கணம் (kaṇam) (learned)

→ Thai: คณะ (ká-ná)

From the root गण् (gaṇ, “to calculate, count”) + -अ (-a)

sa-root

(grammar) a series of roots or words following the same rule and called after the first word of the series (e.g. अद्-आदि, the g. अद् &c. or the whole series of roots of the 2nd class ; गर्गादि, the g. गर्ग &c. or the series of words commencing with गर्ग)


क्रिया

kriyā́ (romanization)
क्रिया (nominative singular)
क्रिये (dual nominative)
क्रियाः (nominative plural)
क्रियाम् (accusative singular)
क्रिये (accusative dual)
क्रियाः (accusative plural)
क्रियया (instrumental singular)
क्रिया1 (instrumental singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रियाभिः (instrumental plural)
क्रियायै (dative singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रियाभ्यः (dative plural)
क्रियायाः (ablative singular)
क्रियायै2 (ablative singular)
क्रियाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रियाभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रियायाः (genitive singular)
क्रियायै2 (genitive singular)
क्रिययोः (dual genitive)
क्रियाणाम् (genitive plural)
क्रियायाम् (locative singular)
क्रिययोः (dual locative)
क्रियासु (locative plural)
क्रिये (singular vocative)
क्रिये (dual vocative)
क्रियाः (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: ক্ৰিয়া (kria)

→ English: Kriya, kriya

→ Burmese: ကြိယာ (kri.ya)

→ Hindi: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦿꦶꦪ (kriya)

→ Khmer: កិរិយា (keriyaa)

→ Marathi: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Nepali: क्रिया (kriyā)

→ Punjabi: ਕਿਰਿਆ (kiriā)

→ Sinhalese: ක්රියාව (kriyāwa)

→ Tamil: கிரியை (kiriyai)

→ Telugu: క్రియ (kriya)

→ Thai: กริยา (grì-yaa)

→ Urdu: کریا (kryā)

Compound of क्रिय् (kriy) + आ (ā), in which क्रिय् (kriy) is a Back-formation from क्रियते (kriyate), passive of कृ (kṛ).

सकर्मक्रिया (sakarmakriyā)

अकर्मक्रिया (akarmakriyā) — intransitive verb

(grammar) action (as the general idea expressed by any verb), verb


अधिकार

adhikāra (romanization)
अधिकारः (nominative singular)
अधिकारौ (dual nominative)
अधिकारा1 (dual nominative)
अधिकाराः (nominative plural)
अधिकारासः1 (nominative plural)
अधिकारम् (accusative singular)
अधिकारौ (accusative dual)
अधिकारा1 (accusative dual)
अधिकारान् (accusative plural)
अधिकारेण (instrumental singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिकारैः (instrumental plural)
अधिकारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधिकाराय (dative singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिकारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिकारात् (ablative singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिकारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिकारस्य (genitive singular)
अधिकारयोः (dual genitive)
अधिकाराणाम् (genitive plural)
अधिकारे (locative singular)
अधिकारयोः (dual locative)
अधिकारेषु (locative plural)
अधिकार (singular vocative)
अधिकारौ (dual vocative)
अधिकारा1 (dual vocative)
अधिकाराः (plural vocative)
अधिकारासः1 (plural vocative)

Pali: adhikāra

→ Gujarati: અધિકાર (adhikār)

→ Hindi: अधिकार (adhikār)

→ Kannada: ಅಧಿಕಾರ (adhikāra)

→ Classical Malay: اديقارا (adikara)

Indonesian: adikara

→ Odia: ଅଧିକାର (adhikāra)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘠𑘲𑘎𑘰𑘨 (adhīkāra)

Marathi: अधिकार (adhikār)

→ Punjabi: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ (adhikār)

→ Tamil: அதிகாரம் (atikāram)

→ Telugu: అధికారము (adhikāramu)

अनुवृत्ति अनुवृत्ति#Sanskrit

(grammar) government, a governing-rule (the influence of which over any number of succeeding rules is called अनुवृत्ति (anu-vṛtti))


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)

Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চান্দ (sand)

Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)

Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)

Rohingya: san

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)

Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘽𑘟 (cāṃda)

Marathi: चांद (cānda), चंद (canda)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)

Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)

Urdu: چاند (cānd)

Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)

Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)

Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)

Pali: canda

→ Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)

→ Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)

→ Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)

→ Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)

desc

→ English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)

→ Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)

→ Thai: จันท์ (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)

Urdu: چندر (candra)

→ Indonesian: candra (learned)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)

→ Khmer: ចន្ទ្រ (can) (learned)

→ Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)

desctree

→ Malay: cendera (learned)
Indonesian: cendera

desc

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)

→ Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)

→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: candra (learned)
Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)

→ Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)

desc

→ Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)

→ Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)

→ Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)

→ Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/t͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-.
Lubotsky considers the initial ś- in श्चन्द्र (ścandrá) to be a secondary accretion rather than indicating the original form of the word. Both श्चन्द्र (ścandrá) and छन्द् (chand, “to shine”) are, according to Lubotsky, from the same Indo-European root and reflect forms with the s-mobile, while this term reflects no s-mobile. Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).


मन्त्रिन्

sa-noun

मन्त्रिन् • (mantrín) stem, m (feminine मन्त्रिणी)

mantrín (romanization)
मन्त्रिणी (feminine)
मन्त्री (nominative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणः (nominative plural)
मन्त्रिणम् (accusative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणा1 (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणः (accusative plural)
मन्त्रिणा (instrumental singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मन्त्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
मन्त्रिणे (dative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (ablative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (genitive singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual genitive)
मन्त्रिणाम् (genitive plural)
मन्त्रिणि (locative singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual locative)
मन्त्रिषु (locative plural)
मन्त्रिन् (singular vocative)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणः (plural vocative)

desctree

Pali: mantin
→ Minangkabau:
→ Indonesian: manti
→? Lao: ມົນຕີ (mon tī) (learned)

→ Bengali: মন্ত্রী (montri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मंत्री (mantrī)

Urdu: منتری (mantrī)

→ Khmer: មន្ត្រី (mŭəntrəy)

→ Malay: menteri (منتري)
Indonesian: menteri
→ Portuguese: mandarim (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: മന്ത്രി (mantri)

→ Old Gujarati: मंत्री (maṃtrī)

→ Old Javanese: mantrī → mantri

Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri)

→ Indonesian: mantri

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਤਰੀ (mantrī)

Shahmukhi script: منتری (mantrī)

→ Tamil: மந்திரி (mantiri)

→ Telugu: మంత్రి (mantri)

→ Thai: มนตรี (mon-dtrii)


कन्या

kanyā̀ (romanization)
कन्या (nominative singular)
कन्ये (dual nominative)
कन्याः (nominative plural)
कन्याम् (accusative singular)
कन्ये (accusative dual)
कन्याः (accusative plural)
कन्यया (instrumental singular)
कन्या1 (instrumental singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कन्याभिः (instrumental plural)
कन्यायै (dative singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कन्याभ्यः (dative plural)
कन्यायाः (ablative singular)
कन्यायै2 (ablative singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कन्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
कन्यायाः (genitive singular)
कन्यायै2 (genitive singular)
कन्ययोः (dual genitive)
कन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
कन्यायाम् (locative singular)
कन्ययोः (dual locative)
कन्यासु (locative plural)
कन्ये (singular vocative)
कन्ये (dual vocative)
कन्याः (plural vocative)

Balinese: ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬ (kanya)

Gandhari: 𐨐𐨎𐨙 (kaṃña)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (kaṇṇā)

Pali: kaññā
→ Burmese: ကညာ (ka.nya)
→ Shan: ၵၼ်ႇၺႃႇ (kàn nyàa)
→ Khmer: កញ្ញា (kaññaa)

→ Kannada: ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye)

→ Burmese: ကန် (kan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कन्या (kanyā)

Urdu: کنیا (kanyā)

→ Lü: ᦂᧃᦍᦱ (k̇anyaa)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: कन्या (kanyā)

Modi script: 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā)

→ Telugu: కన్య (kanya)

→ Thai: กันยา (gan-yaa)

→ Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (kaniyā)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kanyáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanyáH (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaniiā, “maiden”), Middle Persian [script needed] (knykʿ /kanīg/) (whence Persian کنیز (kaniz)), Latin re-cēns (“recent; fresh; young”), Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).

cog

(astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo


मेष

मे॒ष (canonical)
meṣá (romanization)
मेषः (nominative singular)
मेषौ (dual nominative)
मेषा1 (dual nominative)
मेषाः (nominative plural)
मेषासः1 (nominative plural)
मेषम् (accusative singular)
मेषौ (accusative dual)
मेषा1 (accusative dual)
मेषान् (accusative plural)
मेषेण (instrumental singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेषैः (instrumental plural)
मेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेषाय (dative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेषात् (ablative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेषस्य (genitive singular)
मेषयोः (dual genitive)
मेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
मेषे (locative singular)
मेषयोः (dual locative)
मेषेषु (locative plural)
मेष (singular vocative)
मेषौ (dual vocative)
मेषा1 (dual vocative)
मेषाः (plural vocative)
मेषासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalasha: meṣ

Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀲 (mesa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Burmese: မိဿ (mi.ssa.)

→ Kannada: ಮೇಷ (mēṣa)

→ Khmer: មេសា (meisaa)

→ Hindi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Marathi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Odia: ମେଷ (meṣa)

→ Tamil: மேஷம் (mēṣam)

→ Thai: เมษ (mêet)

→ Malayalam: മേഷം (mēṣaṁ), മേടം (mēṭaṁ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *moysós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás
Sanskrit मे॒ष (meṣá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša), Persian میش (miš), Proto-Slavic *mě̑xъ (“leather bag, sack”).

etymon

मे॒ष

cog

(astrology) the sign of the zodiac Aries or the first arc of 30 degrees in a circle


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (m)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible. Cognate with Bulgarian мая (maja, “distract, enchant, delay”).


दीर्घ

sa-adj

दीर्घ • (dīrghá) stem (comparative द्राघीयस्, superlative द्राघिष्ठ)

dīrghá (romanization)
द्राघीयस् (comparative)
द्राघिष्ठ (superlative)
दीर्घः (nominative singular)
दीर्घौ (dual nominative)
दीर्घा1 (dual nominative)
दीर्घाः (nominative plural)
दीर्घासः1 (nominative plural)
दीर्घम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घौ (accusative dual)
दीर्घा1 (accusative dual)
दीर्घान् (accusative plural)
दीर्घेण (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घैः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीर्घाय (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घात् (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घस्य (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घे (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घेषु (locative plural)
दीर्घ (singular vocative)
दीर्घौ (dual vocative)
दीर्घा1 (dual vocative)
दीर्घाः (plural vocative)
दीर्घासः1 (plural vocative)
दीर्घा (nominative singular)
दीर्घे (dual nominative)
दीर्घाः (nominative plural)
दीर्घाम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घे (accusative dual)
दीर्घाः (accusative plural)
दीर्घया (instrumental singular)
दीर्घा1 (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घाभिः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घायै (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घाभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घायाः (ablative singular)
दीर्घायै2 (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घायाः (genitive singular)
दीर्घायै2 (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घायाम् (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घासु (locative plural)
दीर्घे (singular vocative)
दीर्घे (dual vocative)
दीर्घाः (plural vocative)
दीर्घम् (nominative singular)
दीर्घे (dual nominative)
दीर्घाणि (nominative plural)
दीर्घा1 (nominative plural)
दीर्घम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घे (accusative dual)
दीर्घाणि (accusative plural)
दीर्घा1 (accusative plural)
दीर्घेण (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घैः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीर्घाय (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घात् (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घस्य (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घे (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घेषु (locative plural)
दीर्घ (singular vocative)
दीर्घे (dual vocative)
दीर्घाणि (plural vocative)
दीर्घा1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬀 (dar^əga, “long”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/), Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós), Latin longus, Old Church Slavonic дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), and possibly English long.


दीर्घ

dīrghá (romanization)
दीर्घः (nominative singular)
दीर्घौ (dual nominative)
दीर्घा1 (dual nominative)
दीर्घाः (nominative plural)
दीर्घासः1 (nominative plural)
दीर्घम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घौ (accusative dual)
दीर्घा1 (accusative dual)
दीर्घान् (accusative plural)
दीर्घेण (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घैः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीर्घाय (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घात् (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घस्य (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घे (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घेषु (locative plural)
दीर्घ (singular vocative)
दीर्घौ (dual vocative)
दीर्घा1 (dual vocative)
दीर्घाः (plural vocative)
दीर्घासः1 (plural vocative)


योग

yóga (romanization)
योगः (nominative singular)
योगौ (dual nominative)
योगा1 (dual nominative)
योगाः (nominative plural)
योगासः1 (nominative plural)
योगम् (accusative singular)
योगौ (accusative dual)
योगा1 (accusative dual)
योगान् (accusative plural)
योगेन (instrumental singular)
योगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
योगैः (instrumental plural)
योगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
योगाय (dative singular)
योगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
योगेभ्यः (dative plural)
योगात् (ablative singular)
योगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
योगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
योगस्य (genitive singular)
योगयोः (dual genitive)
योगानाम् (genitive plural)
योगे (locative singular)
योगयोः (dual locative)
योगेषु (locative plural)
योग (singular vocative)
योगौ (dual vocative)
योगा1 (dual vocative)
योगाः (plural vocative)
योगासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: যো (zü)

→ English: yoga

→ Old Javanese: yoga, yuga (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: योग (yog)

→ Odia: ଯୋଗ (joga)

→ Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam) (learned)

→ Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

(grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)

(grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism


हस्त

hásta (romanization)
हस्तः (nominative singular)
हस्तौ (dual nominative)
हस्ता1 (dual nominative)
हस्ताः (nominative plural)
हस्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्तम् (accusative singular)
हस्तौ (accusative dual)
हस्ता1 (accusative dual)
हस्तान् (accusative plural)
हस्तेन (instrumental singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्ताय (dative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तात् (ablative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हस्ते (locative singular)
हस्तयोः (dual locative)
हस्तेषु (locative plural)
हस्त (singular vocative)
हस्तौ (dual vocative)
हस्ता1 (dual vocative)
हस्ताः (plural vocative)
हस्तासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)

Khowar: ہوست (host)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Eastern Hindi:
Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
Western Hindi:
Hindustani:
Hindi: हाथ (hāth)
Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali-Assamese:
Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
Assamese: হাত (hat)
Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
Bengali: হাত (hat)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
Rohingya: hát
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
Nepali: हात (hāt)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Kachchi: હથ (hath)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ (hattha)
Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ (hathh)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: هَٿُ
Devanagari script: हथु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani:
Devanagari script: हात (hāt)
Kannada script: ಹಾತ್ (hāt)
Latin script: hat
Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘮𑘞 (hatha), 𑘮𑘰𑘘 (hāṭa), 𑘮𑘰𑘝 (hāta), 𑘮𑘰𑘞 (hātha)
Devanagari script: हथ (hatha), हाट (hāṭa), हात (hāta), हाथ (hātha)
Marathi: हात (hāt)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
Romani: vast

Pali: hattha
→ Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
→ Thai: หัตถ์

→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)

→ Malay: hasta

Indonesian: hasta

→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: hasta
Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)

→ Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)

→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).


नामन्

nā́man (romanization)
नाम (nominative singular)
नाम्नी (dual nominative)
नामनी (dual nominative)
नामानि (nominative plural)
नाम1 (nominative plural)
नामा1 (nominative plural)
नाम (accusative singular)
नाम्नी (accusative dual)
नामनी (accusative dual)
नामानि (accusative plural)
नाम1 (accusative plural)
नामा1 (accusative plural)
नाम्ना (instrumental singular)
नामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नामभिः (instrumental plural)
नाम्ने (dative singular)
नामभ्याम् (dative dual)
नामभ्यः (dative plural)
नाम्नः (ablative singular)
नामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नामभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाम्नः (genitive singular)
नाम्नोः (dual genitive)
नाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
नाम्नि (locative singular)
नामनि (locative singular)
नामन्1 (locative singular)
नाम्नोः (dual locative)
नामसु (locative plural)
नामन् (singular vocative)
नाम (singular vocative)
नाम्नी (dual vocative)
नामनी (dual vocative)
नामानि (plural vocative)
नाम1 (plural vocative)
नामा1 (plural vocative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (nam)

Domaaki: [script needed] (nōm)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (nam)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (nã̄)

Kalami: [script needed] (nām)

Kalasha: نوم (nom)

Kashmiri: ناو (nāv)

Khowar: [script needed] (nam)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (nōm)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (nōm)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (nām)

Phalura: [script needed] (nō̃)

Shina: [script needed] (nom)

Shumashti: [script needed] (nām)

Tirahi: [script needed] (nām)

Torwali: [script needed] (nām)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (nām)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)

Sinhalese: නම (nama)

Khasa Prakrit:

Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)

Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Assamese: নাম (nam)

Bengali: নাম (nam)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)

Odia: ନାମ (nāma)

Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav, anav

Pali: nāma

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav, anav

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ (nā̃), ਨਾਉਂ (nāũ)

Shahmukhi script: ناں (nāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Latin nōmen, Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (nāman), Proto-Slavic *jьmę, Old Persian 𐎴𐎠𐎶 (n-a-m /nāma/) (whence Persian نام (nâm)), Hittite 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 (lāman), Old English nama (whence English name).


लघु

sa-adj

लघु • (laghú) stem (comparative लघीयस्, superlative लघिष्ठ)

laghú (romanization)
लघीयस् (comparative)
लघिष्ठ (superlative)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघून् (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
लघ्वी (nominative singular)
लघ्व्यौ (dual nominative)
लघ्वी1 (dual nominative)
लघ्व्यः (nominative plural)
लघ्वीः1 (nominative plural)
लघ्वीम् (accusative singular)
लघ्व्यौ (accusative dual)
लघ्वी1 (accusative dual)
लघ्वीः (accusative plural)
लघ्व्या (instrumental singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघ्वीभिः (instrumental plural)
लघ्व्यै (dative singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघ्वीभ्यः (dative plural)
लघ्व्याः (ablative singular)
लघ्व्यै2 (ablative singular)
लघ्वीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघ्वीभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघ्व्याः (genitive singular)
लघ्व्यै2 (genitive singular)
लघ्व्योः (dual genitive)
लघ्वीनाम् (genitive plural)
लघ्व्याम् (locative singular)
लघ्व्योः (dual locative)
लघ्वीषु (locative plural)
लघ्वि (singular vocative)
लघ्व्यौ (dual vocative)
लघ्वी1 (dual vocative)
लघ्व्यः (plural vocative)
लघ्वीः1 (plural vocative)
लघु (nominative singular)
लघुनी (dual nominative)
लघूनि (nominative plural)
लघु1 (nominative plural)
लघू1 (nominative plural)
लघु (accusative singular)
लघुनी (accusative dual)
लघूनि (accusative plural)
लघु1 (accusative plural)
लघू1 (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघुने (dative singular)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघुनः (ablative singular)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघुनः (genitive singular)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघुनोः (dual genitive)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघुनि (locative singular)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघुनोः (dual locative)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)
लघु (singular vocative)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघुनी (dual vocative)
लघूनि (plural vocative)
लघु1 (plural vocative)
लघू1 (plural vocative)
रघु (alternative)

Pali: लहु (lahu)

desc

𑀮𑀳𑀼<alt:लहु>

Prakrit: लहु (lahu) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: लघु (laghu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hlagʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hlagʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰus. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐλαχύς (elakhús), Latin levis, English light.

(prosody) short or light (as a vowel or syllable, as opposed to गुरु (guru))

मध्यम मध्यम#Sanskrit

(grammar) easily pronounced or articulated (said of the pronunciation of व (va), as opposed to मध्यम (madhyama) and गुरु (guru))


धातु

dhā́tu (romanization)
धातुः (nominative singular)
धातू (dual nominative)
धातवः (nominative plural)
धातुम् (accusative singular)
धातू (accusative dual)
धातून् (accusative plural)
धातुना (instrumental singular)
धात्वा1 (instrumental singular)
धातुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धातुभिः (instrumental plural)
धातवे (dative singular)
धात्वे1 (dative singular)
धातुभ्याम् (dative dual)
धातुभ्यः (dative plural)
धातोः (ablative singular)
धात्वः1 (ablative singular)
धातुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धातुभ्यः (ablative plural)
धातोः (genitive singular)
धात्वः1 (genitive singular)
धात्वोः (dual genitive)
धातूनाम् (genitive plural)
धातौ (locative singular)
धात्वोः (dual locative)
धातुषु (locative plural)
धातो (singular vocative)
धातू (dual vocative)
धातवः (plural vocative)

Marathi: धातू (dhātū)

Punjabi: dhāt

Gurmukhi script: ਧਾਤ

Shahmukhi script: دھات

desctree

Pali: dhātu f
→ Burmese: ဓာတ် (dhat)
→ Shan: ထၢတ်ႈ (thāat)
→ Khmer: ធាតុ (thiət)
→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

→ Punjabi: ਧਾਤੂ (dhātū)

→ Old Javanese: dhātu
→ Balinese: ᬥᬵᬢᬸ (datu)

→ Pali: dhātu m (“root of a word”)
→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

→ Telugu: ధాతువు (dhātuvu)

Maybe inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-tu-, in that case cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬎 (vīδātu, “justification, providence”), Lithuanian dė́tų (“putting, placing”, supine) (dated), Old Church Slavonic дѣтъ (dětŭ, “putting, placing”, supine). Can be deconstructed as धा (dhā, “to put, place”) + -तु (-tu) (see दधाति (dádhāti)). The Sanskrit meaning may be explained as having developed from a resultative, ie “*the outcome of putting down”.

cog

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


स्वर

sa-noun

स्वर • (svára, svará) stem, m (root स्वर्)

svára (romanization)
svará (romanization)
स्वर ् (root)
स्वरः (nominative singular)
स्वरौ (dual nominative)
स्वरा1 (dual nominative)
स्वराः (nominative plural)
स्वरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वरम् (accusative singular)
स्वरौ (accusative dual)
स्वरा1 (accusative dual)
स्वरान् (accusative plural)
स्वरेण (instrumental singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वरैः (instrumental plural)
स्वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वराय (dative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वरात् (ablative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वरस्य (genitive singular)
स्वरयोः (dual genitive)
स्वराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वरे (locative singular)
स्वरयोः (dual locative)
स्वरेषु (locative plural)
स्वर (singular vocative)
स्वरौ (dual vocative)
स्वरा1 (dual vocative)
स्वराः (plural vocative)
स्वरासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Kapampangan: siwala

→ Khmer: សូរ (sou)

desctree

→ Malay: suara
Indonesian: suara
→ Kapampangan: siuala
→ Maguindanao: suala
→ Tausug: swara

→ Old Javanese: swara, sora
Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara), ꦱꦾꦫ (syara), ꦱꦸꦮꦫ (suwara)
→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ (suara)
>? Javanese: ꦱꦿꦮ (srawa)
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦫ (sora, “loud”) (inherited)
>? Malay: sorak
> Indonesian: sorak (inherited)

→ Tamil: ஸ்வரம் (svaram), சுரம் (curam)

→ Telugu: స్వరము (svaramu)

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound”).

inh

दीर्घ स्वर

ह्रस्व स्वर


व्यञ्जन

vyáñjana (romanization)
व्यञ्जनम् (nominative singular)
व्यञ्जने (dual nominative)
व्यञ्जनानि (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जना1 (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जनम् (accusative singular)
व्यञ्जने (accusative dual)
व्यञ्जनानि (accusative plural)
व्यञ्जना1 (accusative plural)
व्यञ्जनेन (instrumental singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यञ्जनैः (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनाय (dative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यञ्जनात् (ablative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यञ्जनस्य (genitive singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual genitive)
व्यञ्जनानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यञ्जने (locative singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual locative)
व्यञ्जनेषु (locative plural)
व्यञ्जन (singular vocative)
व्यञ्जने (dual vocative)
व्यञ्जनानि (plural vocative)
व्यञ्जना1 (plural vocative)
व्यञ्चन (alternative)

→ Hindi: व्यंजन (vyañjan)

→ Marathi: व्यंजन (vyañjan)

→ Gujarati: વ્યંજન (vyañjan)

→ Kannada: ವ್ಯಂಜನ (vyañjana)

→ Telugu: వ్యంజనము (vyañjanamu)

→ Balinese: ᬯ᭄ᬬᬜ᭄ᬚᬦ (wyanjana)

/ʋjɐ́ɲ.d͡ʑɐ.nɐ/

/ʋjɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/


ह्रस्व

hrasvá (romanization)
ह्रस्वः (nominative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वाः (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वम् (accusative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वा1 (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वान् (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वेन (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रस्वैः (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वाय (dative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रस्वात् (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रस्वस्य (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual genitive)
ह्रस्वानाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रस्वे (locative singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual locative)
ह्रस्वेषु (locative plural)
ह्रस्व (singular vocative)
ह्रस्वौ (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वाः (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वासः1 (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वा (nominative singular)
ह्रस्वे (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वाः (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वाम् (accusative singular)
ह्रस्वे (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वाः (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वया (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वा1 (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रस्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वायै (dative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रस्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रस्वायाः (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वायै2 (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रस्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रस्वायाः (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वायै2 (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual genitive)
ह्रस्वानाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रस्वायाम् (locative singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual locative)
ह्रस्वासु (locative plural)
ह्रस्वे (singular vocative)
ह्रस्वे (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वाः (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वम् (nominative singular)
ह्रस्वे (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वानि (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वा1 (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वम् (accusative singular)
ह्रस्वे (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वानि (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वा1 (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वेन (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रस्वैः (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वाय (dative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रस्वात् (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रस्वस्य (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual genitive)
ह्रस्वानाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रस्वे (locative singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual locative)
ह्रस्वेषु (locative plural)
ह्रस्व (singular vocative)
ह्रस्वे (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वानि (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वा1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰraswás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬵𐬈𐬵𐬍 (zrahehī), Middle Irish gerr, English girl.

(phonetics) prosodically or metrically short


ह्रस्व

hrasvá (romanization)
ह्रस्वः (nominative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वाः (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वम् (accusative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वा1 (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वान् (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वेन (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रस्वैः (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वाय (dative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रस्वात् (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रस्वस्य (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual genitive)
ह्रस्वानाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रस्वे (locative singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual locative)
ह्रस्वेषु (locative plural)
ह्रस्व (singular vocative)
ह्रस्वौ (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वाः (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वासः1 (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rahassa)

→ Hindi: ह्रस्व (hrasva)

→ Bengali: হ্রস্ব (hrośśo)

→ Kannada: ಹ್ರಸ್ವ (hrasva)

→ Marathi: ऱ्हस्व (rhasva)

→ Nepali: ह्रस्व (hraswa)

→ Telugu: హ్రస్వము (hrasvamu)

→ Tamil: ஹ்ரஸ்வம் (hrasvam)


वृश्चिक

vṛ́ścika (romanization)
वृश्चिकः (nominative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (dual nominative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual nominative)
वृश्चिकाः (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकम् (accusative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (accusative dual)
वृश्चिका1 (accusative dual)
वृश्चिकान् (accusative plural)
वृश्चिकेन (instrumental singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृश्चिकैः (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकाय (dative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृश्चिकात् (ablative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृश्चिकस्य (genitive singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
वृश्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
वृश्चिके (locative singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual locative)
वृश्चिकेषु (locative plural)
वृश्चिक (singular vocative)
वृश्चिकौ (dual vocative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual vocative)
वृश्चिकाः (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकासः1 (plural vocative)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিছা (bisa)

Bengali: বিছা (bicha)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠣ (bisá)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (viccu), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀙𑀺𑀅 (viṃchia)

Old Marathi: विंचु (viṃcu)

Marathi: विंचू (viñcū)

Pali: vicchika

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅 (vicchia), 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀅 (vicchua)

Hindi: बिच्छू (bicchū)

→ Burmese: ဗြိစ္ဆာ (brichca)

→ Hindi: वृश्चिक (vŕścik)

→ Bengali: বৃশ্চিক (briścik)

→ Kannada: ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ (vṛścika)

→ Khmer: វិច្ឆិកា (vicchekaa)

→ Old Marathi: विश्चिक (viścika)

→ Malayalam: വൃശ്ചികം (vr̥ścikaṁ)

→ Tamil: விருச்சிகம் (viruccikam)

→ Telugu: వృశ్చిక (vr̥ścika), వృశ్చికం (vr̥ścikaṁ), వృశ్చికము (vr̥ścikamu)

→ Thai: พิจิก (pí-jìk)

/ʋŕ̩ɕ.t͡ɕi.kɐ/

Probably from the root व्रश्च् (vraśc, “to cut”). The astrological sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os).

sl

(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Scorpio


विग्रह

vigraha (romanization)
विग्रहः (nominative singular)
विग्रहौ (dual nominative)
विग्रहा1 (dual nominative)
विग्रहाः (nominative plural)
विग्रहासः1 (nominative plural)
विग्रहम् (accusative singular)
विग्रहौ (accusative dual)
विग्रहा1 (accusative dual)
विग्रहान् (accusative plural)
विग्रहेण (instrumental singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विग्रहैः (instrumental plural)
विग्रहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विग्रहाय (dative singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विग्रहेभ्यः (dative plural)
विग्रहात् (ablative singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विग्रहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विग्रहस्य (genitive singular)
विग्रहयोः (dual genitive)
विग्रहाणाम् (genitive plural)
विग्रहे (locative singular)
विग्रहयोः (dual locative)
विग्रहेषु (locative plural)
विग्रह (singular vocative)
विग्रहौ (dual vocative)
विग्रहा1 (dual vocative)
विग्रहाः (plural vocative)
विग्रहासः1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀳 (viggaha)

Assamese: বিঘা (bigha)

desc

→ Assamese: বিগ্ৰহ (bigroh) (semi-learned)

Malayalam: വിഗ്രഹം (vigrahaṁ)

(grammar) independence (of a word, as opposed to composition)


कर्ण

kárṇa (romanization)
कर्णः (nominative singular)
कर्णौ (dual nominative)
कर्णा1 (dual nominative)
कर्णाः (nominative plural)
कर्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कर्णम् (accusative singular)
कर्णौ (accusative dual)
कर्णा1 (accusative dual)
कर्णान् (accusative plural)
कर्णेन (instrumental singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्णैः (instrumental plural)
कर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कर्णाय (dative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्णात् (ablative singular)
कर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्णस्य (genitive singular)
कर्णयोः (dual genitive)
कर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्णे (locative singular)
कर्णयोः (dual locative)
कर्णेषु (locative plural)
कर्ण (singular vocative)
कर्णौ (dual vocative)
कर्णा1 (dual vocative)
कर्णाः (plural vocative)
कर्णासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Grangali: [script needed] (kō̃)

Indus Kohistani: kaṇa, kān

Kalami: kan

Kalasha: kọ̃

Kashmiri: کَن (kan), کَنّ

Phalura: کاݨ (kāṇ)

Shina: کون (kon), کوݨ (koṇí)

Kohistani Shina: کݨ (kuṇ), کءاݨ (kuāṇə)

→ Domaaki: کون (kon)

Shumashti: [script needed] (kō̃ṛ)

Tirahi: kana

Torwali: کان (kaṇ)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kanə, kan

Pali: kaṇṇa

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡 (kaṇṇa)
Central:
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: कान (kān)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Hindustani: kān
Hindi: कान
Urdu: کان (kān)
Romani: kan
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Avahattha: 𑖎𑖜𑖿𑖜 (kaṇṇa), कण्ण (kaṇṇa)
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: কাণ (kan), কান (kan)
Bengali: কান (kan)
Hajong: কান
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Magahi: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Kaithi script: 𑂍𑂰𑂢
Maithili: kān
Devanagari script: कान
Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒰𑒢
Odia: କାନ (kāna)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Central Pahari:
Kumaoni: कान (kān)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: कान (kān)
Western Pahari:
Bhadrawahi: कन्न (kann)
Chambeali: कन्न (kann)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Lahnda: کَنّ (kann), کَن (kan)
Punjabi: kann
Gurmukhi script: ਕੰਨ
Shahmukhi script: کَنّ
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: kanu
Arabic script: ڪَنُ
Devanagari script: कनु
Kachchi: કન (kan)
Southern:
Helu Prakrit:
⇒ Dhivehi: ކަންފަތް (kan̊fat̊)
Sinhalese: කන (kana), කණ (kaṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: kānu
Devanagari script: कानु
Latin script: kanu
Kannada script: ಕಾನು
Old Marathi: kāna
Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘡
Devanagari script: कान
Marathi: कान (kān)
Western:
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: कान (kāna)
Gujarati: કાન (kān)
Old Marwari: कान (kān)

→ Bengali: কর্ণ (korno)

→ English: Karna

→ Hindi: कर्ण (karṇ)

→ Old Javanese: karṇa
> Javanese: ꦏꦂꦤ (karna) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬃᬡ (karna)

⇒ Tamil: கன்னம் (kaṉṉam)

⇒ Malayalam: കർണ്ണം (kaṟṇṇaṁ)

desc

⇒ Telugu: కర్ణుడు (karṇuḍu), కర్ణము (karṇamu)

→ Thai: กรรณ (gan)

Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).


श्रवण

Pali: savana

→ Thai: สวน (sà-wá-ná-)

→ Telugu: శ్రవణము (śravaṇamu)

From श्रव्- (śrav-), variant of the root श्रु (śru, “to hear”) + -अन (-ana).

/ɕɾɐ́.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/

(philosophy) the determining by means of the six signs the true doctrine of the vedānta


अकर्मक

a-karmaka (romanization)
अकर्मकः (nominative singular)
अकर्मकौ (dual nominative)
अकर्मकाः (nominative plural)
अकर्मकम् (accusative singular)
अकर्मकौ (accusative dual)
अकर्मकान् (accusative plural)
अकर्मकेण (instrumental singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अकर्मकैः (instrumental plural)
अकर्मकाय (dative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अकर्मकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अकर्मकात् (ablative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अकर्मकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अकर्मकस्य (genitive singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual genitive)
अकर्मकाणाम् (genitive plural)
अकर्मके (locative singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual locative)
अकर्मकेषु (locative plural)
अकर्मक (singular vocative)
अकर्मकौ (dual vocative)
अकर्मकाः (plural vocative)
अकर्मका (nominative singular)
अकर्मके (dual nominative)
अकर्मकाः (nominative plural)
अकर्मकाम् (accusative singular)
अकर्मके (accusative dual)
अकर्मकाः (accusative plural)
अकर्मकया (instrumental singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अकर्मकाभिः (instrumental plural)
अकर्मकायै (dative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अकर्मकाभ्यः (dative plural)
अकर्मकायाः (ablative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अकर्मकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अकर्मकायाः (genitive singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual genitive)
अकर्मकाणाम् (genitive plural)
अकर्मकायाम् (locative singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual locative)
अकर्मकासु (locative plural)
अकर्मके (singular vocative)
अकर्मके (dual vocative)
अकर्मकाः (plural vocative)
अकर्मकम् (nominative singular)
अकर्मके (dual nominative)
अकर्मकाणि (nominative plural)
अकर्मकम् (accusative singular)
अकर्मके (accusative dual)
अकर्मकाणि (accusative plural)
अकर्मकेण (instrumental singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अकर्मकैः (instrumental plural)
अकर्मकाय (dative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अकर्मकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अकर्मकात् (ablative singular)
अकर्मकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अकर्मकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अकर्मकस्य (genitive singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual genitive)
अकर्मकाणाम् (genitive plural)
अकर्मके (locative singular)
अकर्मकयोः (dual locative)
अकर्मकेषु (locative plural)
अकर्मक (singular vocative)
अकर्मके (dual vocative)
अकर्मकाणि (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अकर्मक

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अकर्मक

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अकर्मक</i>

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्

अकर्मकाभ्याम्


अकाम

head

अकाम • (akāma)

(grammar) the Sandhi which causes the dropping of a final r before a succeeding r


अगुरु

Compound of अ- (a-, “un-”) + गुरु (guru, “heavy”).

com+

(prosody) short as a short vowel alone or before a single consonant


पाप

pāpá (romanization)
pā́pa (romanization)
पापः (nominative singular)
पापौ (dual nominative)
पापा1 (dual nominative)
पापाः (nominative plural)
पापासः1 (nominative plural)
पापम् (accusative singular)
पापौ (accusative dual)
पापा1 (accusative dual)
पापान् (accusative plural)
पापेन (instrumental singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापैः (instrumental plural)
पापेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पापाय (dative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापेभ्यः (dative plural)
पापात् (ablative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पापस्य (genitive singular)
पापयोः (dual genitive)
पापानाम् (genitive plural)
पापे (locative singular)
पापयोः (dual locative)
पापेषु (locative plural)
पाप (singular vocative)
पापौ (dual vocative)
पापा1 (dual vocative)
पापाः (plural vocative)
पापासः1 (plural vocative)
पापा (nominative singular)
पापे (dual nominative)
पापाः (nominative plural)
पापाम् (accusative singular)
पापे (accusative dual)
पापाः (accusative plural)
पापया (instrumental singular)
पापा1 (instrumental singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापाभिः (instrumental plural)
पापायै (dative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापाभ्यः (dative plural)
पापायाः (ablative singular)
पापायै2 (ablative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पापायाः (genitive singular)
पापायै2 (genitive singular)
पापयोः (dual genitive)
पापानाम् (genitive plural)
पापायाम् (locative singular)
पापयोः (dual locative)
पापासु (locative plural)
पापे (singular vocative)
पापे (dual vocative)
पापाः (plural vocative)
पापम् (nominative singular)
पापे (dual nominative)
पापानि (nominative plural)
पापा1 (nominative plural)
पापम् (accusative singular)
पापे (accusative dual)
पापानि (accusative plural)
पापा1 (accusative plural)
पापेन (instrumental singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापैः (instrumental plural)
पापेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पापाय (dative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापेभ्यः (dative plural)
पापात् (ablative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पापस्य (genitive singular)
पापयोः (dual genitive)
पापानाम् (genitive plural)
पापे (locative singular)
पापयोः (dual locative)
पापेषु (locative plural)
पाप (singular vocative)
पापे (dual vocative)
पापानि (plural vocative)
पापा1 (plural vocative)
पापी (nominative singular)
पाप्यौ (dual nominative)
पापी1 (dual nominative)
पाप्यः (nominative plural)
पापीः1 (nominative plural)
पापीम् (accusative singular)
पाप्यौ (accusative dual)
पापी1 (accusative dual)
पापीः (accusative plural)
पाप्या (instrumental singular)
पापीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापीभिः (instrumental plural)
पाप्यै (dative singular)
पापीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापीभ्यः (dative plural)
पाप्याः (ablative singular)
पाप्यै2 (ablative singular)
पापीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाप्याः (genitive singular)
पाप्यै2 (genitive singular)
पाप्योः (dual genitive)
पापीनाम् (genitive plural)
पाप्याम् (locative singular)
पाप्योः (dual locative)
पापीषु (locative plural)
पापि (singular vocative)
पाप्यौ (dual vocative)
पापी1 (dual vocative)
पाप्यः (plural vocative)
पापीः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pāpás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬞𐬀 (pāpa).


नृ

nṛ́ (romanization)
ना (nominative singular)
नरौ (dual nominative)
नरा1 (dual nominative)
नरः (nominative plural)
नारः (nominative plural)
नरम् (accusative singular)
नरौ (accusative dual)
नरा1 (accusative dual)
नॄन् (accusative plural)
नरा (instrumental singular)
नृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नरे (dative singular)
नृभ्याम् (dative dual)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नरः (ablative singular)
नृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नरः (genitive singular)
नरोः (dual genitive)
नराम् (genitive plural)
नरअम् (genitive plural)
नृणाम् (genitive plural)
नॄणाम् (genitive plural)
नरि (locative singular)
नरोः (dual locative)
नृषु (locative plural)
नृषु (locative plural)
नः (singular vocative)
नरौ (dual vocative)
नरा1 (dual vocative)
नरः (plural vocative)
नारः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun-m

This term displays a wide variety of anomalous/archaic forms including:
Inst.sg. नरा (nárā) for expected *न्रा (*nrā́)
Dat.sg. नरे (náre) for expected *न्रे (*nré).
Abl/gen.sg. नरः (náraḥ) for expected *नुः (*núḥ)
Archaic Vedic gen.pl. नराम् (narā́m), often distracted to naráam
Vedic gen.pl. spelling नृणाम् (nṛṇā́m) often scanned as नॄणाम् (nṝṇā́m)
Oxytonic inst.pl. नृभिः (nṛbhíḥ), dat/abl.pl. नृभ्यः (nṛbhyáḥ), loc.pl. नृषु (nṛṣú)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́
Sanskrit नृ (nṛ)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), Old Armenian այր (ayr), Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr), Persian نر (nar).


पुत्र

putrá (romanization)
पुत्रः (nominative singular)
पुत्रौ (dual nominative)
पुत्रा1 (dual nominative)
पुत्राः (nominative plural)
पुत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
पुत्रम् (accusative singular)
पुत्रौ (accusative dual)
पुत्रा1 (accusative dual)
पुत्रान् (accusative plural)
पुत्रेण (instrumental singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुत्रैः (instrumental plural)
पुत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुत्राय (dative singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुत्रात् (ablative singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुत्रस्य (genitive singular)
पुत्रयोः (dual genitive)
पुत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
पुत्रे (locative singular)
पुत्रयोः (dual locative)
पुत्रेषु (locative plural)
पुत्र (singular vocative)
पुत्रौ (dual vocative)
पुत्रा1 (dual vocative)
पुत्राः (plural vocative)
पुत्रासः1 (plural vocative)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀭 (putra), 𑀧𑀼𑀢 (puta)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: পুত (put)

Bengali: পুত (put)

Rohingya: fut

Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠔ (fut)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (putta)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)
Hindustani: pūt
Hindi: पूत
Urdu: پُوت
Konkani: pūt
Devanagari script: पूत
Kannada script: ಪೂತ್
Latin script: put
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: पुत (puta), पूत (pūta)
Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘝 (puta)

Konkani: पूत (pūt)

Marathi: पूत (pūt)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (putta)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)
Hindustani: pūt
Hindi: पूत
Urdu: پُوت
Konkani: pūt
Devanagari script: पूत
Kannada script: ಪೂತ್
Latin script: put
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: पुत (puta), पूत (pūta)
Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘝 (puta)

Hindustani: pūt

Hindi: पूत

Urdu: پُوت (pūt)

Dardic:

Kalasha: putr

Kashmiri: پۆتھٕر (pothụr, “son”)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ފުތް (fut̊)

Pali: putta

→ Hindi: पुत्र (putra)

→ Bengali: পুত্র (putro)

→ Kannada: ಪುತ್ರ (putra)

→ Khmer: បុត្រា (botraa)

desc

→ Lü: ᦢᦳᧆ (ḃud)

→ Lü: ᦢᦳᧆ (ḃud)

desctree

→ Malay: putera, putra
> Indonesian: putra, poetra (1901–1947), putera (nonstandard) (inherited)
→ Tausug: putla'
→ Ternate: putra

→ Malayalam: പുത്രൻ (putraṉ)

→ Marathi: पुत्र (putra)

→ Old Javanese: putra
Javanese: ꦥꦸꦠꦿ (putra)

→ Sinhalese: පුතා (putā)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠔ꠆ꠞꠣ (futra)

→ Tamil: புத்திரன் (puttiraṉ)

→ Telugu: పుత్రుడు (putruḍu)

→ Thai: บุตร (bùt)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“small, little, few”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra), Old Persian 𐎱𐎢𐏂 (p-u-ç /puça/, “son”), Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child, son”), Latin puer (“boy”), Old English fēaw (whence English few).


प्रथमपुरुष

prathamá-puruṣa (romanization)
प्रथमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
प्रथमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रथमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
प्रथमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
प्रथमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
प्रथमपुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रथमपुरुषे (locative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
प्रथमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)
प्रथमपुरुष (singular vocative)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
प्रथमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रथमपुरुषाः

प्रथमपुरुषम्

प्रथमपुरुषान्

प्रथमपुरुषेण

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषैः

प्रथमपुरुषाय

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषात्

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषस्य

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषाणाम्

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषेषु

प्रथमपुरुषाः

desc

ప్రథమ పురుషము

→ Telugu: ప్రథమ పురుషము (prathama puruṣamu)

(grammar) third person, but literally the "first person" in Sanskrit grammar tradition


मध्यमपुरुष

madhyamá-puruṣa (romanization)
मध्यमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमपुरुषानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमपुरुषे (locative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)
मध्यमपुरुष (singular vocative)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमपुरुषाः

मध्यमपुरुषम्

मध्यमपुरुषान्

मध्यमपुरुषेन

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषैः

मध्यमपुरुषाय

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषात्

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषस्य

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषानाम्

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषेषु

मध्यमपुरुषाः

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→ Pali: majjhimapurisa (“second person”)

మధ్యమ పురుషము

→ Telugu: మధ్యమ పురుషము (madhyama puruṣamu)

(grammar) the second person in verbal conjugation, a termination of the second person


उत्तमपुरुष

ut-tamá-puruṣa (romanization)
उत्तमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
उत्तमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उत्तमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
उत्तमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
उत्तमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
उत्तमपुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
उत्तमपुरुषे (locative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
उत्तमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)
उत्तमपुरुष (singular vocative)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
उत्तमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

उत्तमपुरुषाः

उत्तमपुरुषम्

उत्तमपुरुषान्

उत्तमपुरुषेण

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषैः

उत्तमपुरुषाय

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषात्

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषस्य

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषाणाम्

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषेषु

उत्तमपुरुषाः

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ఉత్తమ పురుషము

→ Telugu: ఉత్తమ పురుషము (uttama puruṣamu)

(grammar) first person, literally "the last person" in Sanskrit grammar tradition


वृद्धि

vṛ́ddhi (romanization)
वृद्धिः (nominative singular)
वृद्धी (dual nominative)
वृद्धयः (nominative plural)
वृद्धिम् (accusative singular)
वृद्धी (accusative dual)
वृद्धीः (accusative plural)
वृद्ध्या (instrumental singular)
वृद्धी1 (instrumental singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृद्धिभिः (instrumental plural)
वृद्धये (dative singular)
वृद्ध्यै2 (dative singular)
वृद्धी1 (dative singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृद्धिभ्यः (dative plural)
वृद्धेः (ablative singular)
वृद्ध्याः2 (ablative singular)
वृद्ध्यै3 (ablative singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृद्धिभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृद्धेः (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्याः2 (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्यै3 (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्योः (dual genitive)
वृद्धीनाम् (genitive plural)
वृद्धौ (locative singular)
वृद्ध्याम्2 (locative singular)
वृद्धा1 (locative singular)
वृद्ध्योः (dual locative)
वृद्धिषु (locative plural)
वृद्धे (singular vocative)
वृद्धी (dual vocative)
वृद्धयः (plural vocative)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀠𑀺 (vaḍhi /vaḍḍhi/), 𐨬𐨝𐨁 (vaḍhi)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vaḍḍhi)
Central:
Hindi: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
Urdu: باڑھ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
Eastern
Bengali: বাড় (baṛ, “growth”)
Northern:
Kumaoni: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase”)
Southern:
Konkani-Marathi:
Konkani: वाड (vāḍ, “increase”)
Marathi: वाढ (vāḍh, “increase”)
Sinhalese: වැඩ (wæḍa, “increase, profit”)
→ Kannada: ಬಡ್ಡಿ (baḍḍi, “interest”)
→ Malayalam: വട്ടി (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
→ Tamil: வட்டி (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
→ Telugu: వడ్డి (vaḍḍi, “interest”)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠𑀺 (vuḍhi /vuḍḍhi/)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vuḍḍhi), 𑀉𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (uḍḍhi)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀥𑀺 (vadhi /vaddhi/)
Prakrit: *vaddhi ~ *vaddhiyā
Northwestern:
Sindhi: واڌِ (vadhi, “abundance”)
Western:
Gujarati: વધ (vadh, “increase”)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨁 (vadhri)

Ashokan Prakrit: *viddhi

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (viddhi)

Ashokan Prakrit: *vuddhi

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (vuddhi)
Sindhi: اُڌيِ کُٽيِ (udhī-khuṭī, “profit-loss”) (< *vuddhiyā)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वड् (waḍ, “profit”)

Pali: vaḍḍhi, vuḍḍhi, vuddhi

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→ English: vṛddhi, vrddhi, vr̥ddhi, vriddhi

→ Hindi: वृद्धि (vŕddhi)

→ Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧಿ (vṛddhi)

→ Old Javanese: wṛddhi, wrĕde

→ Tamil: விருத்தி (virutti)

→ Telugu: వృద్ధి (vr̥ddhi)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥dᶻdʰiš (“growth, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérdʰ-ti-s ~ *wr̥dʰ-téy-s. Synchronically, from the root वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + -ति (-ti). See वृद्ध (vṛddha) and वर्धति (vardhati) for cognates.


बहुव्रीहि

bahuvrīhí (romanization)
बहुव्रीहिः (nominative singular)
बहुव्रीही (dual nominative)
बहुव्रीहयः (nominative plural)
बहुव्रीहिम् (accusative singular)
बहुव्रीही (accusative dual)
बहुव्रीहीन् (accusative plural)
बहुव्रीहिणा (instrumental singular)
बहुव्रीह्या1 (instrumental singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बहुव्रीहिभिः (instrumental plural)
बहुव्रीहये (dative singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
बहुव्रीहिभ्यः (dative plural)
बहुव्रीहेः (ablative singular)
बहुव्रीह्यः1 (ablative singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बहुव्रीहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
बहुव्रीहेः (genitive singular)
बहुव्रीह्यः1 (genitive singular)
बहुव्रीह्योः (dual genitive)
बहुव्रीहीणाम् (genitive plural)
बहुव्रीहौ (locative singular)
बहुव्रीहा1 (locative singular)
बहुव्रीह्योः (dual locative)
बहुव्रीहिषु (locative plural)
बहुव्रीहे (singular vocative)
बहुव्रीही (dual vocative)
बहुव्रीहयः (plural vocative)

Bahuvrīhi compound of बहु (bahú, “much”) + व्रीहि (vrīhí, “rice”).


पक्ष

pakṣá (romanization)
पक्षः (nominative singular)
पक्षौ (dual nominative)
पक्षा1 (dual nominative)
पक्षाः (nominative plural)
पक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
पक्षम् (accusative singular)
पक्षौ (accusative dual)
पक्षा1 (accusative dual)
पक्षान् (accusative plural)
पक्षेण (instrumental singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पक्षैः (instrumental plural)
पक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पक्षाय (dative singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
पक्षात् (ablative singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पक्षस्य (genitive singular)
पक्षयोः (dual genitive)
पक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
पक्षे (locative singular)
पक्षयोः (dual locative)
पक्षेषु (locative plural)
पक्ष (singular vocative)
पक्षौ (dual vocative)
पक्षा1 (dual vocative)
पक्षाः (plural vocative)
पक्षासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Pali: pakkha
→ Kannada: ಪಕ್ಕ (pakka, “side”)
→ Tamil: பக்கம் (pakkam)
→ Thai: ปักข์, ปักษ์ (bpàk)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀔 (pakkha), 𑀧𑀁𑀔 (paṃkha)

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Assamese: পখা (pokha), পাখা (pakha), পাখি (pakhi)

Bengali: পাখা (pakha)

Hindi: पंख (paṅkh), पंखा (paṅkhā), पांख (pāṅkh)

Konkani: पाख (pākh)

Marathi: पंख (paṅkha), पाख (pākh)

Mewari: पंखो (paṅkho)

Punjabi: ਪੱਖ (pakkha)

Romani: phak

→ Hindi: पक्ष (pakṣ)

→ Kannada: ಪಕ್ಷ (pakṣa)

→ Marathi: पक्ष (pakṣa)

→ Malay: paksa

Indonesian: paksa

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pakšás (“side, flank”), from Proto-Indo-European *peg- (“side, flank”).
Cognate with Ossetian фахс (faxs, “side”) and maybe Latvian paksis (“corner of a house”).
Alternatively from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paćšás and cognate with Prasuni obuć (“side”), Waigali pāći (“side”).

der

(logic) the proposition to be proved in a syllogism


प्रश्न

praśná (romanization)
प्रश्नः (nominative singular)
प्रश्नौ (dual nominative)
प्रश्ना1 (dual nominative)
प्रश्नाः (nominative plural)
प्रश्नासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रश्नम् (accusative singular)
प्रश्नौ (accusative dual)
प्रश्ना1 (accusative dual)
प्रश्नान् (accusative plural)
प्रश्नेन (instrumental singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रश्नैः (instrumental plural)
प्रश्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रश्नाय (dative singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रश्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रश्नात् (ablative singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रश्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रश्नस्य (genitive singular)
प्रश्नयोः (dual genitive)
प्रश्नानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रश्ने (locative singular)
प्रश्नयोः (dual locative)
प्रश्नेषु (locative plural)
प्रश्न (singular vocative)
प्रश्नौ (dual vocative)
प्रश्ना1 (dual vocative)
प्रश्नाः (plural vocative)
प्रश्नासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Burmese: ပြဿနာ (pra.ssa.na)

→ Hindi: प्रश्न (praśna) (learned)

→ Khmer: ប្រស្នា (prɑɑsnaa)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ (praśne) (learned)

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→ Malayalam: പ്രശ്നം (praśnaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: praśna (learned)

Devanagari script: प्रश्न

Modi script: 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘫𑘿𑘡

→ Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ (praśan) (learned)

→ Tamil: பிரச்சனை (piraccaṉai) (learned)

→ Telugu: ప్రశ్న (praśna) (learned)

From the root प्रछ् (prach) + -न (-na), whence पृच्छति (pṛccháti, “to ask, question, interrogate”).

दिव्यप्रश्न (divyá-praśna)

देवप्रश्न (devá-praśna)

दैवप्रश्न (daíva-praśna)

(astrology) astrological inquiry into the future


पृच्छति

sa-verb

पृच्छति • (pṛccháti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root प्रछ्)

pṛccháti (romanization)
प्रछ् (root)
पृच्छति (present)
पृच्छते (present)
पृच्छति (active indicative singular third-person)
पृच्छतः (active dual indicative third-person)
पृच्छन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
पृच्छते (indicative singular third-person)
पृच्छेते (dual indicative third-person)
पृच्छन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
पृच्छसि (active indicative second-person singular)
पृच्छथः (active dual indicative second-person)
पृच्छथ (active indicative plural second-person)
पृच्छसे (indicative second-person singular)
पृच्छेथे (dual indicative second-person)
पृच्छध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
पृच्छामि (active first-person indicative singular)
पृच्छावः (active dual first-person indicative)
पृच्छामः (active first-person indicative plural)
पृच्छामसि (active first-person indicative plural)
पृच्छे (first-person indicative singular)
पृच्छावहे (dual first-person indicative)
पृच्छामहे (first-person indicative plural)
पृच्छतु (active imperative singular third-person)
पृच्छताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
पृच्छन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
पृच्छताम् (imperative singular third-person)
पृच्छेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
पृच्छन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
पृच्छ (active imperative second-person singular)
पृच्छतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
पृच्छत (active imperative plural second-person)
पृच्छस्व (imperative second-person singular)
पृच्छेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
पृच्छध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
पृच्छानि (active first-person imperative singular)
पृच्छाव (active dual first-person imperative)
पृच्छाम (active first-person imperative plural)
पृच्छै (first-person imperative singular)
पृच्छावहै (dual first-person imperative)
पृच्छामहै (first-person imperative plural)
पृच्छेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
पृच्छेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
पृच्छेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
पृच्छेत (imperative singular third-person)
पृच्छेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
पृच्छेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
पृच्छेः (active imperative second-person singular)
पृच्छेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
पृच्छेत (active imperative plural second-person)
पृच्छेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
पृच्छेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
पृच्छेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
पृच्छेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
पृच्छेव (active dual first-person imperative)
पृच्छेम (active first-person imperative plural)
पृच्छेय (first-person imperative singular)
पृच्छेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
पृच्छेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
पृच्छात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
पृच्छाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
पृच्छाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
पृच्छासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
पृच्छाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
पृच्छानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
पृच्छाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
पृच्छै (first-person singular subjunctive)
पृच्छावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
पृच्छामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
पृच्छत् (active participle)
पृच्छमान (participle)
अपृच्छत् (imperfect)
अपृच्छत (imperfect)
अपृच्छत् (active indicative singular third-person)
अपृच्छताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अपृच्छन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अपृच्छत (indicative singular third-person)
अपृच्छेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अपृच्छन्त (indicative plural third-person)
अपृच्छः (active indicative second-person singular)
अपृच्छतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अपृच्छत (active indicative plural second-person)
अपृच्छथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अपृच्छेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अपृच्छध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अपृच्छम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अपृच्छाव (active dual first-person indicative)
अपृच्छाम (active first-person indicative plural)
अपृच्छे (first-person indicative singular)
अपृच्छावहि (dual first-person indicative)
अपृच्छामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: phúčik

desc

Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨿𐨪𐨁𐨖𐨟𐨁 (prichati), 𐨤𐨃𐨖𐨟𐨁 (pṛchati)

Pali: पुच्छति (pucchati)

𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀇<alt:पुच्छइ>

Prakrit: पुच्छइ (pucchaï) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पृछणे (pṛchaṇe)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘵𑘔𑘜𑘹 (pṛchaṇe)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti
Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥šćáti
Sanskrit पृच्छति (pṛcchati)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥śćáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥šćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥sḱéti (“to ask”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pər^əsaⁱti), Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎰- (f-r-θ- /fraθ-/), Old Armenian հարցանեմ (harcʻanem), Latin poscō, Old English friġnan (whence English frain), Russian проси́ть (prosítʹ), Northern Kurdish pirsîn, Persian پُرسیدَن (porsidan).


प्रथम

prathamá (romanization)
प्रथमः (nominative singular)
प्रथमौ (dual nominative)
प्रथमा1 (dual nominative)
प्रथमाः (nominative plural)
प्रथमासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रथमम् (accusative singular)
प्रथमौ (accusative dual)
प्रथमा1 (accusative dual)
प्रथमान् (accusative plural)
प्रथमेन (instrumental singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रथमैः (instrumental plural)
प्रथमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रथमाय (dative singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रथमेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रथमात् (ablative singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रथमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रथमस्य (genitive singular)
प्रथमयोः (dual genitive)
प्रथमानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रथमे (locative singular)
प्रथमयोः (dual locative)
प्रथमेषु (locative plural)
प्रथम (singular vocative)
प्रथमौ (dual vocative)
प्रथमा1 (dual vocative)
प्रथमाः (plural vocative)
प्रथमासः1 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma), Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (f-r-t-m-a /fratama/), Old Armenian փարթամ (pʻartʻam).

inh+

(grammar) (namely वर्ण (varṇa)) the first consonant of a वर्ग (varga), a surd unaspirate letter

पुरुष पुरुष#Sanskrit

(grammar) (namely पुरुष (puruṣa)) the first (in Western grammar terminology, the 3rd) person or its terminations


स्थान

sthā́na (romanization)
स्थानम् (nominative singular)
स्थाने (dual nominative)
स्थानानि (nominative plural)
स्थाना1 (nominative plural)
स्थानम् (accusative singular)
स्थाने (accusative dual)
स्थानानि (accusative plural)
स्थाना1 (accusative plural)
स्थानेन (instrumental singular)
स्थानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थानैः (instrumental plural)
स्थानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्थानाय (dative singular)
स्थानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थानेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थानात् (ablative singular)
स्थानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थानस्य (genitive singular)
स्थानयोः (dual genitive)
स्थानानाम् (genitive plural)
स्थाने (locative singular)
स्थानयोः (dual locative)
स्थानेषु (locative plural)
स्थान (singular vocative)
स्थाने (dual vocative)
स्थानानि (plural vocative)
स्थाना1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Dameli: ثان (thān)

Gawar-Bati: ٹھَن (ṭhan)

Kalasha: thon

desc

Kashmiri: تھانہٕ (thānụ, “police station”), تھَانَ (“dwelling place”)

Khowar: تھَن (than, “body”)

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (tān)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (thān)

⇒ Shumashti: [script needed] (šāṛie-thōone)

Tirahi: [script needed] (thān)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތަން (tan̊)

Sinhalese: තන (tana)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)

Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)

Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)

Early Assamese: থান (thano)

Assamese: থান (than), ঠান (than, “shape”), থানা (thana, “police station”)

Bengali: থান (than), থানা (thana, “police station, post”), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi)

Odia: ଠାଣା (ṭhāṇā, “post”), ଠଣା (ṭhaṇā, “residence”)

desctree

Pali: ṭhāna
→ Burmese: ဌာန (htana., “place”)
→ Khmer: ឋាន (thaan, “place”), ដ្ឋាន (thaan) (as suffix)
→ Tamil: தானி (tāṉi)
→ Thai: ฐาน (tǎan, “place, evidence; because”)
→ Lao: ຖານ (thān, “place, evidence; because”)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀞𑀸𑀡 (ṭhāṇa)
Garhwali: थान (thān)
Gujarati: ઠાણ (ṭhāṇ), થાણું (thāṇũ, “police station”)
Hindustani:
Hindi: थान (thān), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
Urdu: تھان (thān), تھانہ (thānā, “police station”)
Kumaoni: थाणो (thāṇo, “police station”)
Konkani: ठाण (ṭhāṇ, “camp”)
Marathi: ठाण (ṭhāṇ)
Nepali: थानु (thānu), थाना (thānā, “police station”)
Punjabi: ਥਾਣ (thāṇ), ਥਾਣਾ (thāṇā, “police station”)
Romani: than
Sindhi: थाणो (ṭhāṇo), ठाणु (ṭhāṇu, “stall in a stable”)

Romani: than

Vlax Romani: tan

Welsh Romani: than

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: स्थान (sthān)

Urdu: ستھان (sthān)

→ Bengali: স্থান (sthan)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ಥಾನ (sthāna)

→ Lao: ສະຖານ (sa thān)

→ Lü: ᦉᦏᦱᧃ (ṡṫhaan), ᦏᦱᧃᧉ (ṫhaan²)

→ Malay: tahana
> Indonesian: tahana (inherited)

→ Malayalam: സ്ഥാനം (sthānaṁ)

→ Marathi: स्थान (sthān)

desc

→ Telugu: స్థానము (sthānamu), స్థానం (sthānaṁ)

→ Thai: สถาน (sà-tǎan), สถานะ (sà-tǎa-ná)

/s̪t̪ʰɑː.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂-no-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna), Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), Persian ـستان (-estân, “place”). By surface analysis, स्था (sthā) + -अन (-ana).

surf

(astrology) a mansion or its subdivision