संस्कृत

sa-adj

सं॒स्कृ॒त or संस्कृ॑त • (saṃskṛtá or sáṃskṛta) stem

सं॒स्कृ॒त (canonical)
संस्कृ॑त (canonical)
saṃskṛtá (romanization)
sáṃskṛta (romanization)
संस्कृतः (nominative singular)
संस्कृतौ (dual nominative)
संस्कृता1 (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृतासः1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृतौ (accusative dual)
संस्कृता1 (accusative dual)
संस्कृतान् (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृतौ (dual vocative)
संस्कृता1 (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतासः1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृता (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृताम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृताः (accusative plural)
संस्कृतया (instrumental singular)
संस्कृता1 (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृताभिः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतायै (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (ablative singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (genitive singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृतायाम् (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतासु (locative plural)
संस्कृते (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)

Compound of सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + स्कृ (skṛ, “to do”) + -त (-ta, “-ed”).

com+

(Buddhism) conditioned; brought about by conditions


संस्कृत

saṃskṛtá (romanization)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (*saṃkkata), *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀝 (*saṃkkaṭa)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 (sakkaya), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀅 (sakkaa), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (sakkata), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa)
>? Sinhalese: සකු (saku) (possibly borrowed)
→ Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕದ (sakkada)

Pali: saṅkhata, saṅkhaṭa

→ Assamese: সংস্কৃত (xoṅskrit)

→ Bengali: সংস্কৃত (śoṅskrito)

→ English: Sanskrit

→ Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત (sãskŕt)

→ Hindi: संस्कृत (sanskŕt)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (saṃskṛta)

→ Marathi: संस्कृत (sauskrut)

→ Malayalam: സംസ്കൃതം (saṁskr̥taṁ)

→ Nepali: संस्कृत (sanskr̥t)

→ Odia: ସଂସ୍କୃତ (saṁskruta)

→ Persian: سانسکریت (sânskerit), سنسکریت (sanskerit), سَهاسْکِرْت (sahâskert)

desc

→ Tamil: சமஸ்கிருதம் (camaskirutam), சமசுகிருதம் (camacukirutam), சமக்கிருதம் (camakkirutam) — standard, சம்ஸ்க்ருதம் (camskrutam) — learned

→ Telugu: సంస్కృతము (saṁskr̥tamu)

desctree

→ Pali: sakkata (calque)
→ Burmese: သက္ကတ (sakka.ta., “Sanskrit”)

desc

→ Tibetan: ལེགས་སྦྱར (legs sbyar) (calque)

भावश् च यदि निर्वाणं निर्वाणं संस्कृतं भवेत्।
नसंस्कृतो हि विद्यते भावः क्व चन कश् चन॥
bhāvaś ca yadi nirvāṇaṃ nirvāṇaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ bhavet.

c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.5

If nirvana were an entity, it would then have been a conditioned phenomenon,
Because nowhere and by no means is there an entity not conditioned.

nasaṃskṛto hi vidyate bhāvaḥ kva cana kaś cana.

तारका तिमिरं दीपो मायावश्याय बुद्बुदः।
सुपिनं विद्युद् अभ्रं च एवं द्रष्टव्य संस्कृतम्॥
tārakā timiraṃ dīpo māyāvaśyāya budbudaḥ.

c. 300 CE – 600 CE, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 32

A shooting star, a shading of light, a lamp, an illusion, a hoarfrost, a bubble,
A dream, a lightning, a cloud — as such shall the conditioned existence be seen.

supinaṃ vidyud abhraṃ ca evaṃ draṣṭavya saṃskṛtam.

(Buddhism) conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned


सह

sahá (romanization)
सहः (nominative singular)
सहौ (dual nominative)
सहा1 (dual nominative)
सहाः (nominative plural)
सहासः1 (nominative plural)
सहम् (accusative singular)
सहौ (accusative dual)
सहा1 (accusative dual)
सहान् (accusative plural)
सहेन (instrumental singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सहैः (instrumental plural)
सहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सहाय (dative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सहात् (ablative singular)
सहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सहस्य (genitive singular)
सहयोः (dual genitive)
सहानाम् (genitive plural)
सहे (locative singular)
सहयोः (dual locative)
सहेषु (locative plural)
सह (singular vocative)
सहौ (dual vocative)
सहा1 (dual vocative)
सहाः (plural vocative)
सहासः1 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰós (“powerful, holding”), from the root *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *segos, whence Welsh hy (“bold”).

inh

various names or epithets
(Buddhism) a division of the world

various names or epithets
a division of the world


जन

जन॑ (canonical)
jána (romanization)
जनः (nominative singular)
जनौ (dual nominative)
जना1 (dual nominative)
जनाः (nominative plural)
जनासः1 (nominative plural)
जनम् (accusative singular)
जनौ (accusative dual)
जना1 (accusative dual)
जनान् (accusative plural)
जनेन (instrumental singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनैः (instrumental plural)
जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जनाय (dative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
जनात् (ablative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनस्य (genitive singular)
जनयोः (dual genitive)
जनानाम् (genitive plural)
जने (locative singular)
जनयोः (dual locative)
जनेषु (locative plural)
जन (singular vocative)
जनौ (dual vocative)
जना1 (dual vocative)
जनाः (plural vocative)
जनासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Khmer: ជន (cŭən)

→ Telugu: జనుడు (januḍu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas
Sanskrit जन॑ (jána)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os. Cognate with Old Persian 𐏀𐎴 (zana, “man; tribe”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬬𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (srvōzana, “belonging to the race of the horned ones”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “creation”), French gens (“set of people”).

etymon

जन॑


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic sū́riya (romanization)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Sūrya, maker of the light,

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


पुरुष

sa-noun

पुरुष • (púruṣa) stem, m (feminine पुरुषी)

púruṣa (romanization)
पुरुष ी (feminine)
पुरुषः (nominative singular)
पुरुषौ (dual nominative)
पुरुषा1 (dual nominative)
पुरुषाः (nominative plural)
पुरुषासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरुषम् (accusative singular)
पुरुषौ (accusative dual)
पुरुषा1 (accusative dual)
पुरुषान् (accusative plural)
पुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
पुरुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरुषाय (dative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरुषात् (ablative singular)
पुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
पुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरुषे (locative singular)
पुरुषयोः (dual locative)
पुरुषेषु (locative plural)
पुरुष (singular vocative)
पुरुषौ (dual vocative)
पुरुषा1 (dual vocative)
पुरुषाः (plural vocative)
पुरुषासः1 (plural vocative)
पूरुष (alternative)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: پوُروُشؕ

Latin script: púruṣ

Hindustani:

Hindi: पुरुख (purukh)

Urdu: پُرُکھ (purukh)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੁਰਖ (purakh), ਪੁਰਸ਼ (puraś)

Shahmukhi script: پُرَکھ (purakh), پُرَش (puraś)

→ Assamese: পুৰুষ (purux)

→ Bengali: পুরুষ (puruś)

→ English: purusha (learned)

→ Gujarati: પુરુષ (puruṣ)

→ Hindi: पुरुष (puruṣ)

→ Urdu: پرش (puruś)

→ Kannada: ಪುರುಷ (puruṣa)

→ Khmer: ប្រុស (proh)

→ Lao: ບຸຣຸດ (bu rut)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: पुरुख (purukha), पुरुष (puruṣa)

Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘏 (purukha), 𑘢𑘳𑘨𑘳𑘬 (puruṣa)

desc

→ Tamil: புருஷன் (puruṣaṉ, “husband, man, manhood, life, people”)

→ Telugu: పురుషుడు (puruṣuḍu)

→ Thai: บุรุษ (bù-rùt)

→ Sinhalese: පුරුෂ (puruṣa)

Probably an alteration of *pū́rṣa (by analogy with mánuṣa), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥Hṣas (“man”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to produce, beget”). Cognate with Pali purisa, Ashokan Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀲 (pulisa, “man”), Magadhi Prakrit 𑀧𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀰 (puliśa). Further related to Latin pariō (“to spawn, to beget”).

der

स॒हस्र॑शीर्षा॒ पुरु॑षः सहस्रा॒क्षः स॒हस्र॑पात् ।
स भूमिं॑ वि॒श्वतो॑ वृ॒त्वात्य॑तिष्ठद्दशाङ्गु॒लम् ॥
sahásraśīrṣā púruṣaḥ sahasrākṣáḥ sahásrapāt.
sá bhū́miṃ viśváto vṛtvā́tyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulám.

investing the earth in all directions, exceeds (it by a space) measuring ten fingers.

Puruṣa, who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet,

(Vedic religion) Purusha, the divine being from whom the universe is said to be originated


अल्लाह

allāha (romanization)
अल्लाहः (nominative singular)
अल्लाहौ (dual nominative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual nominative)
अल्लाहाः (nominative plural)
अल्लाहासः1 (nominative plural)
अल्लाहम् (accusative singular)
अल्लाहौ (accusative dual)
अल्लाहा1 (accusative dual)
अल्लाहान् (accusative plural)
अल्लाहेन (instrumental singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अल्लाहैः (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहाय (dative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (dative plural)
अल्लाहात् (ablative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अल्लाहस्य (genitive singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual genitive)
अल्लाहानाम् (genitive plural)
अल्लाहे (locative singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual locative)
अल्लाहेषु (locative plural)
अल्लाह (singular vocative)
अल्लाहौ (dual vocative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual vocative)
अल्लाहाः (plural vocative)
अल्लाहासः1 (plural vocative)

/ɐl̪.l̪ɑː.ɦɐ/

From Hindustani اَللّٰہ (allāh) / अल्लाह (allāh).


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (m)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible. Cognate with Bulgarian мая (maja, “distract, enchant, delay”).

cog

(Buddhism) duplicity, one of the 24 minor evil passions


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

desctree

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).


भग

bhága (romanization)
भगः (nominative singular)
भगौ (dual nominative)
भगा1 (dual nominative)
भगाः (nominative plural)
भगासः1 (nominative plural)
भगम् (accusative singular)
भगौ (accusative dual)
भगा1 (accusative dual)
भगान् (accusative plural)
भगेन (instrumental singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भगैः (instrumental plural)
भगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भगाय (dative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भगेभ्यः (dative plural)
भगात् (ablative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भगस्य (genitive singular)
भगयोः (dual genitive)
भगानाम् (genitive plural)
भगे (locative singular)
भगयोः (dual locative)
भगेषु (locative plural)
भग (singular vocative)
भगौ (dual vocative)
भगा1 (dual vocative)
भगाः (plural vocative)
भगासः1 (plural vocative)

→ English: Bhaga

→ Hindi: भग (bhag)

Pali: bhaga

→ Tamil: பகன் (pakaṉ)

→ Telugu: భగము (bhagamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás
Sanskrit भग (bhaga)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”) Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *bogъ, an Iranian borrowing. The Sanskrit root is भज् (bhaj).

etymon

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रमदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bhaga, one of the Adityas, a god of wealth and marriage in Hinduism. In the Rigveda Bhaga is the god who supervises the distribution of goods and destiny to each man corresponding to his merits.


आर्य

ā́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic ā́riya (romanization)
आर्यः (nominative singular)
आर्यौ (dual nominative)
आर्या1 (dual nominative)
आर्याः (nominative plural)
आर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
आर्यम् (accusative singular)
आर्यौ (accusative dual)
आर्या1 (accusative dual)
आर्यान् (accusative plural)
आर्येण (instrumental singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आर्याय (dative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आर्यात् (ablative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आर्ये (locative singular)
आर्ययोः (dual locative)
आर्येषु (locative plural)
आर्य (singular vocative)
आर्यौ (dual vocative)
आर्या1 (dual vocative)
आर्याः (plural vocative)
आर्यासः1 (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)

Marathi: आजा (ājā), आजोबा (ājobā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja)

→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આજો (ājo)

Pali: ariya

Mon: အရဳ (ʼarī)

→ Assamese: আৰ্য্য (airzo)

→ Bengali: আর্য (arjo)

→ English: Arya

desc

→ Hindi: आर्य (ārya, “Aryan”), हिंद-आर्य (hind-ārya, “Indo-Aryan”)

→ Urdu: آریہ (ārya, “Aryan”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ārya
Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)

→ Punjabi: ਆਰੀਆ (ārīā, “Aryan”)

→ Tamil: ஆரியம் (āriyam)

desc

→ Thai: อารียา (female given name "Ariya")

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Áryas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Áryas (“Aryan”).
Old Indic ā́rya (with long a, vṛddhi-formed Sanskrit ā́rya-) is a cognate of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (with short a, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱriia) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 (a-r-i-y /Ariya/). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians.

(from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)

(Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali ayya, or ariya)


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
> Indonesian: dana (inherited)

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोष (alternative)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (koṣa)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

(Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses


उषस्

uṣás (romanization)
उषाः (nominative singular)
उषसम् (accusative singular)
उषासम् (accusative singular)
उषाम् (accusative singular)
उषसा (instrumental singular)
उषसे (dative singular)
उषसः (ablative singular)
उषः (ablative singular)
उषसः (genitive singular)
उषः (genitive singular)
उषसि (locative singular)
उषः (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती ।
ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिणः॑ ॥
ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇaḥ.

Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.

Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri


सिन्धु

síndhu (romanization)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धून् (accusative plural)
सिन्धुना (instrumental singular)
सिन्ध्वा1 (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)
सिन्धुः (nominative singular)
सिन्धू (dual nominative)
सिन्धवः (nominative plural)
सिन्धुम् (accusative singular)
सिन्धू (accusative dual)
सिन्धूः (accusative plural)
सिन्ध्वा (instrumental singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
सिन्धवे (dative singular)
सिन्ध्वै1 (dative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
सिन्धोः (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (ablative singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (ablative singular)
सिन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिन्धोः (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वाः1 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वै2 (genitive singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
सिन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
सिन्धौ (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वाम्1 (locative singular)
सिन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
सिन्धुषु (locative plural)
सिन्धो (singular vocative)
सिन्धू (dual vocative)
सिन्धवः (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: সিন্ধু (śindhu) (learned)

→ Burmese: သိန္ဓု (sindhu.) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: सिंधु (sindhu)

Urdu: سِنْدھ (sindh)

→ Tamil: சிந்து (cintu) (learned)

→ Telugu: సింధు (sindhu) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಸಿಂಧು (sindhu) (learned)

→ Malayalam: സിന്ധു (sindhu), ചിന്തു (cintu) (learned)

→ Thai: สินธุ (sǐn-tú) (learned)

→ Tibetan: སིནྡུ (sindu) (learned)

→ English: Sindhu (learned)

Old Persian: 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (h-i-du-u-š)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *síndʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš, possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate. Alternatively, from सेधति (sédhati, “to go, move”).

inh+

तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या।
त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से॥
tṛṣṭā́mayā prathamáṃ yā́tave sajū́ḥ susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́.
tváṃ sindho kúbhayā gomatī́ṃ krúmuṃ mehatnvā́ saráthaṃ yā́bhirī́yase.
You, Sindhu, in order to reach the swift-moving Gomatī, have united, yourself first with the Tṛṣṭāmā; (now be united) with the Susartu, the Rasā, the Śveti, the Kubha, and the Mehatnu, inconjunction with which streams you do advance.

(Vedic religion), the river Indus personified as a goddess.


गङ्गा

gaṅgā (romanization)
गङ्गा (nominative singular)
गङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
गङ्गया (instrumental singular)
गङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
गङ्गायै (dative singular)
गङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
गङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
गङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
गङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
गङ्गायाम् (locative singular)
गङ्गे (singular vocative)
गंगा (alternative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)

Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏 (gām̐ga)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: গাঙ্গ (gaṅgo)

Assamese: গাং (gaṅ)

Bengali: গাং (gaṅ)

Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄋 (gaṅā)

Sylheti: ꠉꠣꠋ (gaṅ)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṅgā)

Old Marathi: 𑘐𑘽𑘐𑘰 (gaṅgā)

Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Pali: gaṅgā

→ Burmese: ဂင်္ဂါ (gangga)

→ Khmer: គង្គា (kŭəngkiə)

→ Lao: ກັງກາ (kang kā)

→ Thai: คงคา (kong-kaa)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
Greek: Γάγγης (Gángis)
→ Latin: Gangēs
→ English: Ganges
French: Gange
→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)
→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)
→ Turkish: Ganj
Italian: Gange
→ Polish: Ganges
Portuguese: Ganges
Spanish: Ganges
→ Old Armenian: Գանգէս (Gangēs)

→ Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)

→ Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)

→ Czech: Ganga

→ Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)

→ Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Urdu: گَن٘گا (gaṅgā)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)

→ Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)

→ Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)

Chinese: 恆伽 /恒伽 (Hénggā)

→ Japanese: 恒河 (こうが, kōga)

→ Korean: 항하 (hangha) (恒河)

→ Vietnamese: Hằng

→ Middle Persian:

Classical Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Iranian Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Tajik: Ганг (Gang)

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng

→ Old Javanese:

Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)

→ Old Tamil:

Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)

→ Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gaṅgā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘گا (gaṉgā)

→ Sindhi: گنگا

→ Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)

→ Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)

Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.

इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या॥
imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
asiknyā́ marudvṛdhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śṛṇuhyā́ suṣómayā.

Accept this my praise, Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Śutudri, Paruṣṇi, Asiknī, Marudvṛdha and Vitastā; listen, Ārjikīya with Suṣomā.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) the Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga


पर्जन्य

parjánya (romanization)
पर्जन्यः (nominative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (dual nominative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual nominative)
पर्जन्याः (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यम् (accusative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (accusative dual)
पर्जन्या1 (accusative dual)
पर्जन्यान् (accusative plural)
पर्जन्येन (instrumental singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्जन्यैः (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्याय (dative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्जन्यात् (ablative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्जन्यस्य (genitive singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual genitive)
पर्जन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पर्जन्ये (locative singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual locative)
पर्जन्येषु (locative plural)
पर्जन्य (singular vocative)
पर्जन्यौ (dual vocative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual vocative)
पर्जन्याः (plural vocative)
पर्जन्यासः1 (plural vocative)

[pɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ́j̃.jɐ]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”), see also Latin spurcus, Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Latin spargo.

cog

(Vedic religion) rain personified or the god of rain (often identified with Indra)


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(Buddhism, Jainism) vihara, a monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls were used as temples)


बोधिसत्त्व

bodhi-sattva (romanization)
बोधिसत्त्वः (nominative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual nominative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (nominative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वम् (accusative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (accusative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वान् (accusative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वेन (instrumental singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधिसत्त्वैः (instrumental plural)
बोधिसत्त्वाय (dative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वात् (ablative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वस्य (genitive singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual genitive)
बोधिसत्त्वानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधिसत्त्वे (locative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual locative)
बोधिसत्त्वेषु (locative plural)
बोधिसत्त्व (singular vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

बोधिसत्त्वाः

→ Bengali: বোধিসত্ত্ব (bōdhiśotto)

Pali: bodhisatta

Burmese: ဗောဓိသတ် (bau:dhi.sat)

→ English: bodhisattva

desc

→ Chinese: 菩提薩埵 /菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), 菩薩 /菩萨 (púsà)

→ Japanese: 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta), 菩薩 (bosatsu)

→ Korean: 보살 (bosal)

→ Manchu: ᡦᡠᠰᠠ (pusa)

→ Vietnamese: bồ tát

→ Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (bodisadu)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu)

→ Khmer: ពោធិសត្វ (poothisat)

→ Lao: ໂພທິສັດ (phō thi sat)

→ Sinhalese: බෝධිසත්ත්ව (bōdhisattwa)

போதிசத்துவன்

→ Tamil: போதிசத்துவன் (pōticattuvaṉ)

→ Thai: โพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt)

→ Tocharian A: bodʰisattu

From बोधि (bodhí, “perfect knowledge”) + सत्त्व (sattvá, “essence”).


दृष्टि

sa-noun

दृष्टि • (dṛ́ṣṭi) stem, f

dṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
दृष्टिः (nominative singular)
दृष्टी (dual nominative)
दृष्टयः (nominative plural)
दृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
दृष्टी (accusative dual)
दृष्टीः (accusative plural)
दृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
दृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
दृष्टये (dative singular)
दृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
दृष्टी1 (dative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
दृष्टेः (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृष्टेः (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
दृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
दृष्टौ (locative singular)
दृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
दृष्टा1 (locative singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
दृष्टिषु (locative plural)
दृष्टे (singular vocative)
दृष्टी (dual vocative)
दृष्टयः (plural vocative)

Pali: diṭṭhi

→ Bengali: দৃষ্টি (driśṭi)

desc

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Kannada: ದೃಷ್ಟಿ (dṛṣṭi)

→ Old Marathi: दृष्टी (dṛṣṭī)

Marathi: दृष्टी (druṣṭī)

→ Punjabi: ਡਿੱਠ (ḍiṭṭha), ਦਿੱਠ (diṭṭha), ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ (driśṭī)

→ Tamil: திருஷ்டி (tiruṣṭi)

→ Telugu: దృష్టి (dr̥ṣṭi)

⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dŕ̥ṣṭiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dŕ̥štiš, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥ḱtis. By surface analysis, दृश् (dṛś) + -ति (-ti).

surf

आत्मदृष्टि (ātmadṛṣṭi): the view on the self, the (problematic) view that the self exists, the holding onto a self

(Buddhism) a wrong view; an invalid perspective


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)

Vṛddhi derivative of मैत्री (maitrī) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

(Buddhism) Maitreya, a bodhisattva, who is said to be the future Buddha of Buddhism


संज्ञा

sa-noun

संज्ञा • (saṃjñā́) stem, f

saṃjñā́ (romanization)
संज्ञा (nominative singular)
संज्ञे (dual nominative)
संज्ञाः (nominative plural)
संज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
संज्ञे (accusative dual)
संज्ञाः (accusative plural)
संज्ञया (instrumental singular)
संज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
संज्ञायै (dative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
संज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
संज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
संज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
संज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
संज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
संज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual locative)
संज्ञासु (locative plural)
संज्ञे (singular vocative)
संज्ञे (dual vocative)
संज्ञाः (plural vocative)

/sɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/s̪ɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

From the root संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā).

suf

संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā)

(Buddhism) perception (one of the 5 skandhas)


प्रजापति

prajāpáti (romanization)
प्रजापतिः (nominative singular)
प्रजापती (dual nominative)
प्रजापतयः (nominative plural)
प्रजापतिम् (accusative singular)
प्रजापती (accusative dual)
प्रजापतीन् (accusative plural)
प्रजापतिना (instrumental singular)
प्रजापत्या1 (instrumental singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रजापतिभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रजापतये (dative singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रजापतिभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रजापतेः (ablative singular)
प्रजापत्यः1 (ablative singular)
प्रजापतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रजापतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रजापतेः (genitive singular)
प्रजापत्यः1 (genitive singular)
प्रजापत्योः (dual genitive)
प्रजापतीनाम् (genitive plural)
प्रजापतौ (locative singular)
प्रजापता1 (locative singular)
प्रजापत्योः (dual locative)
प्रजापतिषु (locative plural)
प्रजापते (singular vocative)
प्रजापती (dual vocative)
प्रजापतयः (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: প্রজাপতি (prôjapôti)

→ English: Prajapati

Compound of प्रजा (prajā́, “creatures”) + पति (páti, “lord”).

com+

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Prajapati, a deity later identified with Brahma.


विराज्

virā́j (romanization)
विराट् (nominative singular)
विराजौ (dual nominative)
विराजा1 (dual nominative)
विराजः (nominative plural)
विराजम् (accusative singular)
विराजौ (accusative dual)
विराजा1 (accusative dual)
विराजः (accusative plural)
विराजा (instrumental singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराड्भिः (instrumental plural)
विराजे (dative singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (dative dual)
विराड्भ्यः (dative plural)
विराजः (ablative singular)
विराड्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराड्भ्यः (ablative plural)
विराजः (genitive singular)
विराजोः (dual genitive)
विराजाम् (genitive plural)
विराजि (locative singular)
विराजोः (dual locative)
विराट्सु (locative plural)
विराट् (singular vocative)
विराजौ (dual vocative)
विराजा1 (dual vocative)
विराजः (plural vocative)
विराज्ञी (nominative singular)
विराज्ञ्यौ (dual nominative)
विराज्ञी1 (dual nominative)
विराज्ञ्यः (nominative plural)
विराज्ञीः1 (nominative plural)
विराज्ञीम् (accusative singular)
विराज्ञ्यौ (accusative dual)
विराज्ञी1 (accusative dual)
विराज्ञीः (accusative plural)
विराज्ञ्या (instrumental singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराज्ञीभिः (instrumental plural)
विराज्ञ्यै (dative singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (dative dual)
विराज्ञीभ्यः (dative plural)
विराज्ञ्याः (ablative singular)
विराज्ञ्यै2 (ablative singular)
विराज्ञीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराज्ञीभ्यः (ablative plural)
विराज्ञ्याः (genitive singular)
विराज्ञ्यै2 (genitive singular)
विराज्ञ्योः (dual genitive)
विराज्ञीनाम् (genitive plural)
विराज्ञ्याम् (locative singular)
विराज्ञ्योः (dual locative)
विराज्ञीषु (locative plural)
विराज्ञि (singular vocative)
विराज्ञ्यौ (dual vocative)
विराज्ञी1 (dual vocative)
विराज्ञ्यः (plural vocative)
विराज्ञीः1 (plural vocative)

Compound of वि (ví, “apart, asunder”) + राज् (rā́j, “to rule”).

/ʋi.ɾɑ́ːd͡ʑ/

तस्मा॑द्वि॒राट्अ॒जायत वि॒राजो॒ अधि॒ पूरु॑षः।
स जा॒तो अत्य॑रिच्यत प॒श्चाद्भूमि॒मथो॑ पु॒रः॥
tásmādvirā́ṭajā́yátá virā́jo ádhi pū́ruṣaḥ.
sá jātó átyaricyata paścā́dbhū́mimátho puráḥ.

As soon as he was born he spread eastward and westward over the earth.

From him Viraj was born; again Purusha from Viraj was born.

(Vedic religion) born from purusha, and from whom Purusha was born. RV.


मध्यम

madhyama (romanization)
मध्यमः (nominative singular)
मध्यमौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमाः (nominative plural)
मध्यमम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमाय (dative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमे (locative singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमेषु (locative plural)
मध्यम (singular vocative)
मध्यमौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्


प्रज्ञा

prajñā́ (romanization)
प्रज्ञा (nominative singular)
प्रज्ञे (dual nominative)
प्रज्ञाः (nominative plural)
प्रज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
प्रज्ञे (accusative dual)
प्रज्ञाः (accusative plural)
प्रज्ञया (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रज्ञायै (dative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
प्रज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual locative)
प्रज्ञासु (locative plural)
प्रज्ञे (singular vocative)
प्रज्ञे (dual vocative)
प्रज्ञाः (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: প্রজ্ঞা

→ Bengali: প্রজ্ঞা (projna)

→ English: Progya, Pragya

→ Sylheti: ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎ꠆ꠘꠣ (frozna)

→ English: prajna

→ Hindi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

→ English: Pragya

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಜ್ಞ (prajña)

→ Malayalam: പ്രജ്ഞ (prajña)

→ Marathi: प्रज्ञा (pradnyā)

→ Nepali: प्रज्ञा (pragyā)

desctree

Pali: paññā
→ Burmese: ပညာ (pa.nya)
→ Khün: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Lao: ປັນຍາ (pan nyā)
→ Lü: ᦔᧃᦍᦱ (ṗanyaa)
→ Middle Chinese: 般若 (MC paen nyaeX)
Mandarin: 般若 (bōrě)
Cantonese: 般若 (bo1 je5, but3 je5)
Hakka: 般若 (pat-ngiâ)
Min Nan: 般若 (poa̍t-jiá, poa̍t-ché, pat-jé)
→ Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
→ Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
→ Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)
→ Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Old Khmer:
Khmer: បញ្ញា (paññaa)
→ Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (pìng nyàa)
→ Thai: ปัญญา (bpan-yaa)

→ Sinhalese: ප්රඥ්ඥාව (pragngnāwa)

→ Tamil: பிரக்யா (pirakyā)

→ English: Pirakya

→ Telugu: ప్రజ్ఞ (prajña)

→ Thai: ปรัชญา (bpràt-yaa)

desc

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
From प्र- (pra-, “towards, pro-”) + ज्ञा (√jñā, “to know”).


हरित्

harít (romanization)
हरित् (nominative singular)
हरितौ (dual nominative)
हरिता1 (dual nominative)
हरितः (nominative plural)
हरितम् (accusative singular)
हरितौ (accusative dual)
हरिता1 (accusative dual)
हरितः (accusative plural)
हरिता (instrumental singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हरिते (dative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हरितः (ablative singular)
हरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हरितः (genitive singular)
हरितोः (dual genitive)
हरिताम् (genitive plural)
हरिति (locative singular)
हरितोः (dual locative)
हरित्सु (locative plural)
हरित् (singular vocative)
हरितौ (dual vocative)
हरिता1 (dual vocative)
हरितः (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš
Sanskrit हरि (hari)
Sanskrit हरित् (harit)
From हरि (hári, “yellow, green”); see there for more.

etymon

सप्तहरितः

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

(Vedic religion) a kind of reddish female horse belonging to the Gods


अङ्ग

अङ्ग ॑ (canonical)
áṅga (romanization)
अङ्गः (nominative singular)
अङ्गौ (dual nominative)
अङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
अङ्गाः (nominative plural)
अङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
अङ्गम् (accusative singular)
अङ्गौ (accusative dual)
अङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
अङ्गान् (accusative plural)
अङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
अङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अङ्गाय (dative singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्गात् (ablative singular)
अङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
अङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
अङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्गे (locative singular)
अङ्गयोः (dual locative)
अङ्गेषु (locative plural)
अङ्ग (singular vocative)
अङ्गौ (dual vocative)
अङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
अङ्गाः (plural vocative)
अङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Kalasha: oŋg

Kashmiri: انگ

Pali: aṅga

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀕 (aṃga) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: अंग (aṅg)

desctree

→ Malay: angka (“numeral”)
Indonesian: angka

→ Malayalam: അംഗം (aṅgaṁ)

desc

→ Mongolian: анги (angi, “class, grade, classroom”)

→ Old Javanese: aṅga

Javanese: ꦲꦁꦒ (angga)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬗ᭄ᬕ (angga)

→ Telugu: అంగము (aṅgamu)

→ Tocharian B: ānk

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng-
Sanskrit अङ्ग॑ (áṅga)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“corner”).

etymon

अङ्ग॑

(Vedic religion) Vedanga (six auxiliary disciplines connected to the study of the Vedas)


स्वतन्त्र

svátantra (romanization)
स्वतन्त्रम् (nominative singular)
स्वतन्त्रे (dual nominative)
स्वतन्त्रानि (nominative plural)
स्वतन्त्रम् (accusative singular)
स्वतन्त्रे (accusative dual)
स्वतन्त्रानि (accusative plural)
स्वतन्त्रेन (instrumental singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वतन्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
स्वतन्त्राय (dative singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वतन्त्रात् (ablative singular)
स्वतन्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वतन्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
स्वतन्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
स्वतन्त्रानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वतन्त्रे (locative singular)
स्वतन्त्रयोः (dual locative)
स्वतन्त्रेषु (locative plural)
स्वतन्त्र (singular vocative)
स्वतन्त्रे (dual vocative)
स्वतन्त्रानि (plural vocative)
स्वतंत्र (alternative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्वतन्त्रानि

स्वतन्त्रानि

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः

स्वतन्त्रात्

स्वतन्त्राभ्याम्

स्वतन्त्रेभ्यः

स्वतन्त्रस्य

स्वतन्त्रयोः

स्वतन्त्रानाम्

स्वतन्त्रयोः

स्वतन्त्रेषु

स्वतन्त्रानि

→ Hindi: स्वतंत्र (svatantra)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ (svatantra)

→ Malayalam: സ്വതന്ത്രം (svatantraṁ)

→ Marathi: स्वतंत्र (svatantra)

→ Nepali: स्वतन्त्र (svatantra)

→ Tamil: சுதந்திரம் (cutantiram)

→ Telugu: స్వతంత్రము (svatantramu)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: swatantra
Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦠꦤ꧀ꦠꦿ (swatantra)
→ Indonesian: swatantra

/s̪ʋɐ.t̪ɐn̪.t̪ɾɐh/

[s̪ʋɐ.t̪ɐn̪.t̪ɾɐhɐ̆]

स्व (svá, “own, one's own”) + तन्त्र (tántra, “doctrine, rule”). Literally, “one one's own terms”.

affix

(religion) a particular doctrine of free-will or independence (Buddh.)


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.

inh

स॒प्त स्वसा॑रो अ॒भि मा॒तरः॒ शिशुं॒ नवं॑ जज्ञा॒नं जेन्यं॑ विप॒श्चित॑म् ।
अ॒पां ग॑न्ध॒र्वं दि॒व्यं नृ॒चक्ष॑सं॒ सोमं॒ विश्व॑स्य॒ भुव॑नस्य रा॒जसे॑ ॥
saptá svásāro abhí mātáraḥ śíśuṃ návaṃ jajñānáṃ jényaṃ vipaścítam.

The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the noble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,
Gandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, that he may reign as King of all the world.

apā́ṃ gandharváṃ divyáṃ nṛcákṣasaṃ sómaṃ víśvasya bhúvanasya rājáse.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)


मार

māra (romanization)
मारः (nominative singular)
मारौ (dual nominative)
मारा1 (dual nominative)
माराः (nominative plural)
मारासः1 (nominative plural)
मारम् (accusative singular)
मारौ (accusative dual)
मारा1 (accusative dual)
मारान् (accusative plural)
मारेण (instrumental singular)
माराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मारैः (instrumental plural)
मारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
माराय (dative singular)
माराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मारात् (ablative singular)
माराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मारस्य (genitive singular)
मारयोः (dual genitive)
माराणाम् (genitive plural)
मारे (locative singular)
मारयोः (dual locative)
मारेषु (locative plural)
मार (singular vocative)
मारौ (dual vocative)
मारा1 (dual vocative)
माराः (plural vocative)
मारासः1 (plural vocative)

Balinese: ᬫᬵᬭ (mara)

→ Chinese: 魔羅 /魔罗 (móluó)

→ Japanese: 魔羅 (mara)

→ Indonesian: mara (“calamity”)

→ Khmer: មារ (miə)

→ Lü: ᦙᦱᧃ (maan)

→ Thai: มาร (maan, “demon”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *mór-os, from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with English mare (whence nightmare), German Mahr, Lithuanian mãras, Polish mara, Serbo-Croatian мо̏ра.

(Buddhism) the Destroyer, Evil One (who tempts men to indulge their passions and is the great enemy of the बुद्ध and his religion; four मारs are enumerated in Dharmas. 80, viz. स्कन्ध-, क्लेश-, देवपुत्र-, and मृत्यु-म्°; but the later Buddhist theory of races of gods led to the figment of millions of मारs ruled over by a chief मार)


केशिन्

keśín (romanization)
केशी (nominative singular)
केशिनौ (dual nominative)
केशिना1 (dual nominative)
केशिनः (nominative plural)
केशिनम् (accusative singular)
केशिनौ (accusative dual)
केशिना1 (accusative dual)
केशिनः (accusative plural)
केशिना (instrumental singular)
केशिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केशिभिः (instrumental plural)
केशिने (dative singular)
केशिभ्याम् (dative dual)
केशिभ्यः (dative plural)
केशिनः (ablative singular)
केशिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केशिभ्यः (ablative plural)
केशिनः (genitive singular)
केशिनोः (dual genitive)
केशिनाम् (genitive plural)
केशिनि (locative singular)
केशिनोः (dual locative)
केशिषु (locative plural)
केशिन् (singular vocative)
केशिनौ (dual vocative)
केशिना1 (dual vocative)
केशिनः (plural vocative)

Compound of केश (kéśa, “hair”) + -इन् (-in, “possesing”)

com+

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) an epithet of Rudra


तीर्थ

tīrthá (romanization)
तीर्थम् (nominative singular)
तीर्थे (dual nominative)
तीर्थानि (nominative plural)
तीर्था1 (nominative plural)
तीर्थम् (accusative singular)
तीर्थे (accusative dual)
तीर्थानि (accusative plural)
तीर्था1 (accusative plural)
तीर्थेन (instrumental singular)
तीर्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीर्थैः (instrumental plural)
तीर्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तीर्थाय (dative singular)
तीर्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीर्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
तीर्थात् (ablative singular)
तीर्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीर्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीर्थस्य (genitive singular)
तीर्थयोः (dual genitive)
तीर्थानाम् (genitive plural)
तीर्थे (locative singular)
तीर्थयोः (dual locative)
तीर्थेषु (locative plural)
तीर्थ (singular vocative)
तीर्थे (dual vocative)
तीर्थानि (plural vocative)
तीर्था1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀣 (tittha), 𑀢𑀽𑀳 (tūha)

Odia: ତୁଠ (tuṭha)

Sindhi: تِٿُ (tithu)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތޮށް (toṣ̊)

Sinhalese: තොට (toṭa)

Pali: tittha

→ Sinhalese: තිත් (tit)

Khowar: طورت (thūrt)

→ Wakhi: tыrt

desctree

→ Old Javanese: tīrtha
Javanese: ꦠꦶꦂꦠ (tirta)
→ Indonesian: tirta (“water”)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬷᬃᬢ (tirta)

→ English: tirtha

→ Hindi: तीर्थ (tīrth)

→ Sinhalese: තීර්ථය (tīrthaya)

→ Tamil: தீர்த்தம் (tīrttam)

→ Tocharian B: tīrthe

/t̪iːɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Htʰám, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-th₂ó-, from *terh₂- (“to cross over”).

चात्वाल चात्वाल#Sanskrit

उत्कर उत्कर#Sanskrit

a passage, way or road; that which affords transit:

(Vedic religion) the path to the altar between the चात्वाल (cātvāla, “sacrificial pit”) and उत्कर (utkara, “pile of refuse”).


यान

yā́na (romanization)
यानम् (nominative singular)
याने (dual nominative)
यानानि (nominative plural)
याना1 (nominative plural)
यानम् (accusative singular)
याने (accusative dual)
यानानि (accusative plural)
याना1 (accusative plural)
यानेन (instrumental singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यानैः (instrumental plural)
यानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यानाय (dative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यानेभ्यः (dative plural)
यानात् (ablative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यानस्य (genitive singular)
यानयोः (dual genitive)
यानानाम् (genitive plural)
याने (locative singular)
यानयोः (dual locative)
यानेषु (locative plural)
यान (singular vocative)
याने (dual vocative)
यानानि (plural vocative)
याना1 (plural vocative)

→ Khmer: យាន (yiən, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Kannada: ಯಾನ (yāna, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Hindi: यान (yān, “carriage, coach”)

→ Malayalam: യാനം (yānaṁ, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Marathi: यान (yān, “carriage, vehicle”)

desctree

→ Pali: yāna (“conveyance”)
→ Burmese: ယာဉ် (yany, “conveyance”)
→ Shan: ယဵၼ်ႇ (yàen, “conveyance”)
→ Thai: ยาน (yaan, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Tamil: யானம் (yāṉam, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Telugu: యానము (yānamu, “carriage, vehicle”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *yéh₂-nom, from *yeh₂- (“to go”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěxati (“to travel”). The Sanskrit root is या (yā, “to go, proceed”).

(Buddhism) figuratively and metaphorically, the modes or methods of religious practice that "convey" practitioners on "journeys" towards their spiritual goal, normally translated as vehicle


यक्ष

yakṣá (romanization)
यक्षम् (nominative singular)
यक्षे (dual nominative)
यक्षाणि (nominative plural)
यक्षा1 (nominative plural)
यक्षम् (accusative singular)
यक्षे (accusative dual)
यक्षाणि (accusative plural)
यक्षा1 (accusative plural)
यक्षेण (instrumental singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्षैः (instrumental plural)
यक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यक्षाय (dative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्षात् (ablative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्षस्य (genitive singular)
यक्षयोः (dual genitive)
यक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
यक्षे (locative singular)
यक्षयोः (dual locative)
यक्षेषु (locative plural)
यक्ष (singular vocative)
यक्षे (dual vocative)
यक्षाणि (plural vocative)
यक्षा1 (plural vocative)

From the root यक्ष् (yakṣ, “to appear, show oneself”), related to Persian نشان (nešân, “sign, mark”); see there for more on the Indo-Iranian root.
Various other proposals have been suggested, such as an s-extension of यजति (yajati, “to worship; to sacrifice”), or a connection to याशु (yāśu, “sexual effusion, embrace”); these are phonetically and/or semantically unconvincing.

c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a yaksha; a supernatural being, spiritual apparition, spirit, ghost


शील

śī́la (romanization)
शीलम् (nominative singular)
शीले (dual nominative)
शीलानि (nominative plural)
शीलम् (accusative singular)
शीले (accusative dual)
शीलानि (accusative plural)
शीलेन (instrumental singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीलैः (instrumental plural)
शीलाय (dative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (dative plural)
शीलात् (ablative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शीलस्य (genitive singular)
शीलयोः (dual genitive)
शीलानाम् (genitive plural)
शीले (locative singular)
शीलयोः (dual locative)
शीलेषु (locative plural)
शील (singular vocative)
शीले (dual vocative)
शीलानि (plural vocative)

Javanese: ꦯꦷꦭ (shīla)

→ Malay: sila (learned)

Indonesian: sila

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śīla (“moral character; action, conduct”)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮ (sila, “conduct”)

Pali: sīla
→ Burmese: သီလ (sila.)
→ Khmer: សីល (səl)
→ Lao: ສິນ (sin)
→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧃ (ṡiin)
→ Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩠ᩃ
→ Shan: သီႇလႃႉ (sìi lâ̰a), သိၼ် (sǐn)
→ Sinhalese: සීල (sīla)
→ Thai: สีล (sǐil)

→ Thai: ศีล (sǐin) (learned)

Probably a derivative of शी (śī, “to lie down, rest”), with semantic interpretation as "that (such as morals, customs, and personal philosophy) which rests (firmly or unchangingly) within someone". "the moral ways that rest (within a person or society)".


जम्बुद्वीप

jambudvīpá (romanization)
जम्बुद्वीपः (nominative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (dual nominative)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (dual nominative)
जम्बुद्वीपाः (nominative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपासः1 (nominative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपम् (accusative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (accusative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (accusative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपान् (accusative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जम्बुद्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
जम्बुद्वीपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जम्बुद्वीपाय (dative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपात् (ablative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
जम्बुद्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
जम्बुद्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
जम्बुद्वीपे (locative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपयोः (dual locative)
जम्बुद्वीपेषु (locative plural)
जम्बुद्वीप (singular vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (dual vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (dual vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपाः (plural vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपासः1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀧 (jaṃbudīpa)
Gandhari: 𐨗𐨎𐨦𐨂𐨡𐨁𐨬 (jaṃbudiva)
→ Khotanese: jaṃbutīvä
→ Parthian: 𐫉𐫖𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫃 (zmbwdyg /zambudīg/)
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀯 (jaṃbudīva), 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀧 (jaṃbudīpa)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ދަނބިދޫ (daᵐbidū) (obsolete 𑤞𑤢𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳 (dhabuduvu /daᵐbuduvu/))
→ English: Dhanbidhoo, Dambidu
Sinhalese: දඹදිව (daᵐbadiwa)

Pali: jambudīpa

→ Burmese: ဇမ္ဗူဒီပါ (jambudipa)

→ Chinese: 閻浮提 /阎浮提 (yánfútí)

→ Japanese: 閻浮提 (えんぶだい, enbudai)

→ Korean: 염부제 (yeombuje)

→ Vietnamese: Diêm Phù Đề

→ Kannada: ಜಂಬುದ್ವೀಪ (jambudvīpa)

→ Thai: ชมพูทวีป (chom-puu-tá-wîip)

desc

འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་

→ Tibetan: འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་ ('dzam bu'i gling) (partial calque)

Compound of जम्बु (jambu, “jambu tree”) + द्वीप (dvīpá, “island”).

com+

(Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism) Jambudvipa: one of the seven regions of the Earth.


रुद्र

रु॒द्र (canonical)
rudrá (romanization)
रुद् (root)
metrical Vedic sometimes rudará (romanization)
रुद्रः (nominative singular)
रुद्रौ (dual nominative)
रुद्रा1 (dual nominative)
रुद्राः (nominative plural)
रुद्रासः1 (nominative plural)
रुद्रम् (accusative singular)
रुद्रौ (accusative dual)
रुद्रा1 (accusative dual)
रुद्रान् (accusative plural)
रुद्रेण (instrumental singular)
रुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुद्रैः (instrumental plural)
रुद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुद्राय (dative singular)
रुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुद्रात् (ablative singular)
रुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुद्रस्य (genitive singular)
रुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
रुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
रुद्रे (locative singular)
रुद्रयोः (dual locative)
रुद्रेषु (locative plural)
रुद्र (singular vocative)
रुद्रौ (dual vocative)
रुद्रा1 (dual vocative)
रुद्राः (plural vocative)
रुद्रासः1 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-
Sanskrit रुद् (rud)
Sanskrit -र (-ra)
Sanskrit रु॒द्र (rudrá)
Possibly from the root रुद् (rud, “to roar”) + -र (-ra), but this could be a later folk etymology of the name of the god. Mayrhofer suggest a connection with रोदसी (ródasī, dual), of unclear meaning.

etymon

रु॒द्र

sa-root

अ॒श्याम॑ ते सुम॒तिं दे॑वय॒ज्यया॑ क्ष॒यद्वी॑रस्य॒ तव॑ रुद्र मीढ्वः।
सु॒म्ना॒यन्निद्विशो॑ अ॒स्माक॒मा च॒रारि॑ष्टवीरा जुहवाम ते ह॒विः॥
aśyā́ma te sumatíṃ devayajyáyā kṣayádvīrasya táva rudra mīḍhvaḥ.

Rudra, showerer of benefits, may we obtain, through our worship of the gods, the favour of you, who are the destroyer of heroes;come to our posterity, purposing to promote their happiness, while we, having our sons in safety, offer you oblations.

sumnāyánnídvíśo asmā́kamā́ carā́riṣṭavīrā juhavāma te havíḥ.

(Vedic religion) Rudra, father of the Maruts, deity of the winds and storms.


रोहिणी

róhiṇī (romanization)
रोहिणी (nominative singular)
रोहिण्यौ (dual nominative)
रोहिणी1 (dual nominative)
रोहिण्यः (nominative plural)
रोहिणीः1 (nominative plural)
रोहिणीम् (accusative singular)
रोहिण्यौ (accusative dual)
रोहिणी1 (accusative dual)
रोहिणीः (accusative plural)
रोहिण्या (instrumental singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
रोहिण्यै (dative singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहिण्याः (ablative singular)
रोहिण्यै2 (ablative singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहिण्याः (genitive singular)
रोहिण्यै2 (genitive singular)
रोहिण्योः (dual genitive)
रोहिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिण्याम् (locative singular)
रोहिण्योः (dual locative)
रोहिणीषु (locative plural)
रोहिणि (singular vocative)
रोहिण्यौ (dual vocative)
रोहिणी1 (dual vocative)
रोहिण्यः (plural vocative)
रोहिणीः1 (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: रोहिणी (rohiṇī) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਰੋਹੀਣੀ (rohīṇī) (learned)

→ Tamil: ரோகிணி (rōkiṇi) (learned)

→ Telugu: రోహిణి (rōhiṇi) (learned)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Name of various figures

Name of various figures
Rohini, a wife of Chandra

Name of various figures
Rohini, a wife of Krishna

Rohini, a wife of Vasudeva, and the mother of Balarama and Subhadra

Name of various figures
Rohini, a disciple of Buddha


आदित्य

Vṛddhi derivative of अदिति (áditi) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

द॒धि॒क्रां वः॑ प्रथ॒मम॒श्विनो॒षस॑म॒ग्निं समि॑द्धं॒ भग॑मू॒तये॑ हुवे ।
इन्द्रं॒ विष्णुं॑ पू॒षणं॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पति॑म्आदि॒त्यान्द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥
dadhikrā́ṃ vaḥ prathamámaśvínoṣásamagníṃ sámiddhaṃ bhágamūtáye huve.
índraṃ víṣṇuṃ pūṣáṇaṃ bráhmaṇaspátimādityā́ndyā́vāpṛthivī́ apáḥ svàḥ.
I call on Dadhikrās, the first, to give you aid, the Aśvins, Bhaga, Dawn, and the well kindled Agni,

Indra, and Viṣṇu, Pūṣan, Brahmaṇaspati, Ādityas, Heaven and Earth, the Waters, and the Sun.

लेकः सलेकः सुलेकस् ते न आदित्या आज्यं जुषाणा वियन्तु केतः सकेतः सुकेतस् ते न आदित्या आज्यं जुषाणा वियन्तु विवस्वाꣳ अदितिर् देवजूतिस् ते न आदित्या आज्यं जुषाणा वियन्तु ॥
lekaḥ salekaḥ sulekas te na ādityā ājyaṃ juṣāṇā viyantu ketaḥ saketaḥ suketas te na ādityā ājyaṃ juṣāṇā viyantu vivasvāṃ aditir devajūtis te na ādityā ājyaṃ juṣāṇā viyantu.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.5.3.3

Leka, Saleka, Suleka, may these Adityas rejoicing partake of our oblation; Keta, Saketa, Suketa, may these Adityas rejoicing partake of our oblation; Vivasvan, Aditi, Devajuti, may these Adityas rejoicing partake of our oblation.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) one of the various deities of the heavenly sphere, described as the sons of Aditi and Kashyapa.


क्लेश

kleśa (romanization)
क्लेशः (nominative singular)
क्लेशौ (dual nominative)
क्लेशा1 (dual nominative)
क्लेशाः (nominative plural)
क्लेशासः1 (nominative plural)
क्लेशम् (accusative singular)
क्लेशौ (accusative dual)
क्लेशा1 (accusative dual)
क्लेशान् (accusative plural)
क्लेशेन (instrumental singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लेशैः (instrumental plural)
क्लेशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्लेशाय (dative singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लेशात् (ablative singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लेशस्य (genitive singular)
क्लेशयोः (dual genitive)
क्लेशानाम् (genitive plural)
क्लेशे (locative singular)
क्लेशयोः (dual locative)
क्लेशेषु (locative plural)
क्लेश (singular vocative)
क्लेशौ (dual vocative)
क्लेशा1 (dual vocative)
क्लेशाः (plural vocative)
क्लेशासः1 (plural vocative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀲 (kilesa)

→ Classical Newar: कलेश, क्लेश

→ Chinese: 煩惱 /烦恼 (fánnǎo) (calque)

→ English: klesha

→ Malay: gelisah

Pali: kilesa

→ Burmese: ကိလေသာ (ki.lesa)

→ Lao: ກິເລດ (ki lēt)

desc

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (kilesa), [script needed] (kilessa)

Khmer: កិលេស (keleeh)

→ Shan: ၵီႉလေႇသႃႇ (kḭ̂i lèe sàa)

→ Shan: ၵီႉလေႇသႃႇ (kḭ̂i lèe sàa)

→ Thai: กิเลส (gì-lèet)

→ Punjabi: ਕਲੇਸ਼ (kaleś)

→ Telugu: క్లేశము (klēśamu)

From the root क्लिश् (kliś, “to torment, trouble, suffer”).

sa-root

(Hinduism, Buddhism) in yoga, the five kleśas are named avidyā 'ignorance', asmitā 'egotism', rāga 'desire', dveśa 'aversion' and abhiniveśa 'tenacity of mundane existence'


अचल

/ɐ.t͡ɕɐ.l̪ɐ/

(Buddhism) the deity Acala ("Immovable")


भव

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰawH-ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰowH-ós, an innovated verb stem derived from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).

(Buddhism) continuity of becoming (a link in the twelvefold chain of causation) Dharmas. 42 (MWB. 102)


व्यायाम

vyāyāmá (romanization)
व्यायामः (nominative singular)
व्यायामौ (dual nominative)
व्यायामा1 (dual nominative)
व्यायामाः (nominative plural)
व्यायामासः1 (nominative plural)
व्यायामम् (accusative singular)
व्यायामौ (accusative dual)
व्यायामा1 (accusative dual)
व्यायामान् (accusative plural)
व्यायामेन (instrumental singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यायामैः (instrumental plural)
व्यायामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्यायामाय (dative singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यायामेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यायामात् (ablative singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यायामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यायामस्य (genitive singular)
व्यायामयोः (dual genitive)
व्यायामानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यायामे (locative singular)
व्यायामयोः (dual locative)
व्यायामेषु (locative plural)
व्यायाम (singular vocative)
व्यायामौ (dual vocative)
व्यायामा1 (dual vocative)
व्यायामाः (plural vocative)
व्यायामासः1 (plural vocative)

/ʋjɑː.jɑː.mɐ́/

A compound of वि- (vi-) + आयाम (āyāmá, “extending, stretching”) or a derivative of the root व्यायम् (vyāyam).


बृहस्पति

bṛ́haspáti (romanization)
बृहस्पतिः (nominative singular)
बृहस्पती (dual nominative)
बृहस्पतयः (nominative plural)
बृहस्पतिम् (accusative singular)
बृहस्पती (accusative dual)
बृहस्पतीन् (accusative plural)
बृहस्पतिना (instrumental singular)
बृहस्पत्या1 (instrumental singular)
बृहस्पतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बृहस्पतिभिः (instrumental plural)
बृहस्पतये (dative singular)
बृहस्पतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
बृहस्पतिभ्यः (dative plural)
बृहस्पतेः (ablative singular)
बृहस्पत्यः1 (ablative singular)
बृहस्पतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बृहस्पतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
बृहस्पतेः (genitive singular)
बृहस्पत्यः1 (genitive singular)
बृहस्पत्योः (dual genitive)
बृहस्पतीनाम् (genitive plural)
बृहस्पतौ (locative singular)
बृहस्पता1 (locative singular)
बृहस्पत्योः (dual locative)
बृहस्पतिषु (locative plural)
बृहस्पते (singular vocative)
बृहस्पती (dual vocative)
बृहस्पतयः (plural vocative)

→ Malayalam: ബൃഹസ്പതി (br̥haspati)

→ Tamil: பிரகஸ்பதி (pirakaspati)

→ Telugu: బృహస్పతి (br̥haspati)

Compound of बृहस् (bṛhas, genitive singular of बृह् (bṛh, “prayer; devotion”)) + पति (páti, “lord”). The origin of the first element stems from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up”), with the original meaning being "to increase, enlarge, grow"; it went through a semantic shift from "to increase" > "to encompass" > "the encompassing one" > "the divine" > "praying, devotion (to the divine)".

der

विश्वे॑ देवाः॒ स्वाहा॑कृतिं॒ पव॑मान॒स्या ग॑त।
वा॒युर्बृह॒स्पतिः॒ सूर्यो॒ऽग्निरिन्द्रः॑ स॒जोष॑सः॥
víśve devāḥ svā́hākṛtiṃ pávamānasyā́ gata.
vāyúrbṛ́haspátiḥ sū́ryoʼgníríndraḥ sajóṣasaḥ.

O all ye gods, come together to the consecration of the Soma-- Vāyu, Bṛhaspati, Sūrya, Agni and Indra.

तत्पुत्रावपरावास्तां ख्यातौ स्वारोचिषेऽन्तरे । उतथ्यो भगवान्साक्षाद् ब्रह्मिष्ठश्च बृहस्पतिः ॥
tatputrāvaparāvāstāṃ khyātau svārociṣeʼntare. utathyo bhagavānsākṣād brahmiṣṭhaśca bṛhaspatiḥ.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.1.35

Besides these four daughters, she also had another two sons who were famous in the second Manvantara. One of them was divine Utathya, and the other was the learned Bṛhaspati.

अङ्गिरस् अङ्गिरस्#Sanskrit

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bṛhaspati, son of अङ्गिरस् (aṅgiras).


महायान

mahāyāna (romanization)
महायानम् (nominative singular)
महायाने (dual nominative)
महायानानि (nominative plural)
महायानम् (accusative singular)
महायाने (accusative dual)
महायानानि (accusative plural)
महायानेन (instrumental singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
महायानैः (instrumental plural)
महायानाय (dative singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
महायानेभ्यः (dative plural)
महायानात् (ablative singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
महायानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
महायानस्य (genitive singular)
महायानयोः (dual genitive)
महायानानाम् (genitive plural)
महायाने (locative singular)
महायानयोः (dual locative)
महायानेषु (locative plural)
महायान (singular vocative)
महायाने (dual vocative)
महायानानि (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: মহাযান (mohajan)

→ Chinese: 大乘 (Dàchéng) (calque)

ja-r

大乗(だいじょう) (daijō)

→ Japanese: 大乗(だいじょう) (daijō)

→ English: Mahayana

→ Hindi: महायान (mahāyān)

→ Nepali: महायान (mahāyān)

→ Punjabi: ਮਹਾਯਾਨ (mahāyān)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.jɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of महा (mahā, “great”) + यान (yāna, “vehicle”).

com+

(Buddhism) Mahayana (a school of Buddhism widely practised in East Asia and Vietnam which accepts non-Pali canon scriptures, recognizes a broader array of buddhas and bodhisattvas, and whose spiritual objective is to achieve Buddhahood and liberate other beings, rather than simply to achieve personal enlightenment, as in Theravada Buddhism)


निर्माण

nirmāṇa (romanization)
निर्माणम् (nominative singular)
निर्माणे (dual nominative)
निर्माणानि (nominative plural)
निर्माणा1 (nominative plural)
निर्माणम् (accusative singular)
निर्माणे (accusative dual)
निर्माणानि (accusative plural)
निर्माणा1 (accusative plural)
निर्माणेन (instrumental singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निर्माणैः (instrumental plural)
निर्माणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निर्माणाय (dative singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निर्माणेभ्यः (dative plural)
निर्माणात् (ablative singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निर्माणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निर्माणस्य (genitive singular)
निर्माणयोः (dual genitive)
निर्माणानाम् (genitive plural)
निर्माणे (locative singular)
निर्माणयोः (dual locative)
निर्माणेषु (locative plural)
निर्माण (singular vocative)
निर्माणे (dual vocative)
निर्माणानि (plural vocative)
निर्माणा1 (plural vocative)


निर्वाण

nirvāṇa (romanization)
निर्वाणम् (nominative singular)
निर्वाणे (dual nominative)
निर्वाणानि (nominative plural)
निर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
निर्वाणे (accusative dual)
निर्वाणानि (accusative plural)
निर्वाणेन (instrumental singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निर्वाणैः (instrumental plural)
निर्वाणाय (dative singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निर्वाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
निर्वाणात् (ablative singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निर्वाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निर्वाणस्य (genitive singular)
निर्वाणयोः (dual genitive)
निर्वाणानाम् (genitive plural)
निर्वाणे (locative singular)
निर्वाणयोः (dual locative)
निर्वाणेषु (locative plural)
निर्वाण (singular vocative)
निर्वाणे (dual vocative)
निर्वाणानि (plural vocative)

Central:

Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)

desc

Marathi: निवाण (nivāṇ, “cooling application for eyes”), निवाणें (nivāṇẽ, “destruction”), निव्णें (nivṇẽ, “hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool”)

desctree

Pali: nibbāna
→ Burmese: နိဗ္ဗာန် (nibban)
→ Khmer: និព្វាន (nɨppiən)
→ Lao: ນິພານ (ni phān)
→ Sinhalese: නිර්වාණ (nirwāṇa), නිවන (niwana)
→ Thai: นิพพาน (níp-paan)

→ Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)

→ Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)

→ Japanese: 涅槃 (nehan)

→ Korean: 열반(涅槃) (yeolban)

→ Vietnamese: niết bàn

→ English: nirvana

→ Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)

→ Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)

→ Indonesian: nirwana

→ Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)

→ Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)

→ Mongolian: ᠨᠢᠷᠸᠠᠨ (nirwan)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)

→ Russian: нирва́на (nirvána)

→ Ukrainian: нірва́на (nirvána)

/n̪iɾ.ʋɑː.ɳɐ/

From निर्- (nir-, “out”) + वान (vāna, “blown”).

com

शून्य शून्य#Sanskrit

(Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions


प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद

sa-noun

प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद • (pratītyasamutpāda) stem, m

English: pratītyasamutpāda

(Buddhism) the chain of causation (Lalit.)


द्यौष्पितृ

sa-prop

द्यौष्पितृ • (dyáuṣpitṛ́) stem, m

dyáuṣpitṛ́ (romanization)
द्यौष्पिता (nominative singular)
द्यौष्पितरम् (accusative singular)
द्यौष्पित्रा (instrumental singular)
द्यौष्पित्रे (dative singular)
द्यौष्पितुः (ablative singular)
द्यौष्पितुः (genitive singular)
द्यौष्पितरि (locative singular)
द्यौष्पितः (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *Dyḗws ph₂tḗr. By surface analysis, द्यौस् (dyaús, nominative singular of द्यु (dyú, “sky”)) + पितृ (pitṛ́, “father”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *djous patēr (whence Latin Iuppiter), Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter), Illyrian *Dei-pátrous.

surf

nominative singular of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">द्यु</i> (dyú, “sky”)

द्यौ॒ष्पितः॒ पृथि॑वि॒ मात॒रध्रु॒गग्ने॑ भ्रातर्वसवो मृ॒ळता॑ नः।
विश्व॑ आदित्या अदिते स॒जोषा॑ अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ शर्म॑ बहु॒लं वि य॑न्त॥
dyauṣpítaḥ pṛ́thivi mā́tarádhrugágne bhrātarvasavo mṛḷátā naḥ.

Father Heaven, innocent mother Earth, brother Agni, and you, Vasus, grant us happiness; all you sons of Aditi, and you Aditi, alike well-pleased, bestow upon us ample felicity.

víśva ādityā adite sajóṣā asmábhyaṃ śárma bahuláṃ ví yanta.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Dyauṣpitā, the personification of the sky


स्वाहा

head

स्वाहा • (svā́hā)

→ Chinese: 娑婆訶 /娑婆诃 (sàpóhē)

→ Japanese: 薩婆訶 (sowaka)

→ Korean: 사바하 (sabaha)

→ Vietnamese: ta bà ha

→ Khmer: ស្វាហា (svaahaa)

Hindi: स्वाहा (svāhā)

desc

→ Thai: สวาหะ

→ Thai: สวาหะ

→ Tibetan: སྭཱ་ཧཱ་ (swā hā)

Uncertain, possibly a variant of similar exclamations like स्वधा (svadhā́) and स्वगा (svagā́). A derivation from सु- (su-) + आह (ā́ha), literally “well has he spoken”, has also been proposed.


उपासक

→ Middle Chinese: 優婆塞 (MC 'juw ba sojH|sok)

Chinese: 優婆塞 /优婆塞 (yōupósè)

→ Japanese: 優婆塞 (うばそく, ubasoku)

→ Korean: 우바새 (ubasae) (優婆塞)

Pali: upāsaka

→ Tocharian B: upāsake

भिक्षु भिक्षु

(Buddhism) a Buddhist lay worshipper (as distinguished from the भिक्षु)


अमिताभ

amitābha (romanization)
अमिताभः (nominative singular)
अमिताभम् (accusative singular)
अमिताभेन (instrumental singular)
अमिताभाय (dative singular)
अमिताभात् (ablative singular)
अमिताभस्य (genitive singular)
अमिताभे (locative singular)
अमिताभ (singular vocative)

Tatpuruṣa compound of अमित (amita, “unmeasured”) + आभा (ābhā, “light”).

com

(Buddhism) Amitābha, the principal Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahayana


श्येन

śyená (romanization)
श्येनः (nominative singular)
श्येनौ (dual nominative)
श्येना1 (dual nominative)
श्येनाः (nominative plural)
श्येनासः1 (nominative plural)
श्येनम् (accusative singular)
श्येनौ (accusative dual)
श्येना1 (accusative dual)
श्येनान् (accusative plural)
श्येनेन (instrumental singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्येनैः (instrumental plural)
श्येनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्येनाय (dative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्येनात् (ablative singular)
श्येनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्येनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्येनस्य (genitive singular)
श्येनयोः (dual genitive)
श्येनानाम् (genitive plural)
श्येने (locative singular)
श्येनयोः (dual locative)
श्येनेषु (locative plural)
श्येन (singular vocative)
श्येनौ (dual vocative)
श्येना1 (dual vocative)
श्येनाः (plural vocative)
श्येनासः1 (plural vocative)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: শেন (xen)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡 (seṇa)

Pali: sena

→ Telugu: శ్యేనము (śyēnamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaynás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱy-ey-nó-s ~ *ḱyeh₁-inó-s (“bird of prey”), probably ultimately related to *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shade, hue”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (saēna, “raptor; a mythical bird”), Middle Persian syn-mwlw (/Sēn-murw/), Old Armenian ցին (cʻin, “kite”) and probably Ancient Greek ἴκτινος (íktinos, “kite”).

cog

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

(Vedic religion) The name of a divine hawk identified with अग्नि (agni) who ascends to the heavens for bringing सोम (soma) to earth

(Vedic religion) A hawk-shaped fire-altar (अग्निचयन (agnicayana)) constructed with bricks


मूर्धन्

mūrdhán (romanization)
मूर्धा (nominative singular)
मूर्धानौ (dual nominative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual nominative)
मूर्धानः (nominative plural)
मूर्धानम् (accusative singular)
मूर्धानौ (accusative dual)
मूर्धाना1 (accusative dual)
मूर्ध्नः (accusative plural)
मूर्ध्ना (instrumental singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्धभिः (instrumental plural)
मूर्ध्ने (dative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (ablative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (genitive singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual genitive)
मूर्ध्नाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्ध्नि (locative singular)
मूर्धनि (locative singular)
मूर्धन्1 (locative singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual locative)
मूर्धसु (locative plural)
मूर्धन् (singular vocative)
मूर्धानौ (dual vocative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual vocative)
मूर्धानः (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)

desc

Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)

Kalasha: mọn

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)

Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)

Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)

Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)

Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)

Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)

Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)

Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)

Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)

Pali: muddhan

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)

Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)

Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́
Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamər^əδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).


स्कन्ध

skandhá (romanization)
स्कन्धः (nominative singular)
स्कन्धौ (dual nominative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual nominative)
स्कन्धाः (nominative plural)
स्कन्धासः1 (nominative plural)
स्कन्धम् (accusative singular)
स्कन्धौ (accusative dual)
स्कन्धा1 (accusative dual)
स्कन्धान् (accusative plural)
स्कन्धेन (instrumental singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्कन्धैः (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धाय (dative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्कन्धात् (ablative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्कन्धस्य (genitive singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual genitive)
स्कन्धानाम् (genitive plural)
स्कन्धे (locative singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual locative)
स्कन्धेषु (locative plural)
स्कन्ध (singular vocative)
स्कन्धौ (dual vocative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual vocative)
स्कन्धाः (plural vocative)
स्कन्धासः1 (plural vocative)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কান্ধ (kandho)

Bengali: কাঁধ (kãdh)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄳𑄙 (kandhā), 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄴𑄙 (kandhā)

Rohingya: hañdá

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠗ (xandó)

Pali: khandha

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀥 (khaṃdha)

Old Marathi: 𑘏𑘰𑘽𑘟 (khāṃda)

Marathi: खांदा (khāndā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੰਧ (kandh)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कंधा (kandhā)

Urdu: کندھا (kandhā)

Nepali: काँध (kā̃dh)

→ English: skandha

→ Tamil: கந்து (kantu)

Perhaps from the root स्कन्द् (skand) (in the sense of “rising”), in which case from Proto-Indo-Aryan *skandʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skandʰás, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *skendʰ- (“to jump”). Cognate to Latin scandō (I climb).

der

(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being; aggregate, skandha


त्वष्टृ

sa-prop

त्वष्टृ • (tváṣṭṛ) stem, m

tváṣṭṛ (romanization)
त्वष्टा (nominative singular)
त्वष्टारम् (accusative singular)
त्वष्ट्रा (instrumental singular)
त्वष्ट्रे (dative singular)
त्वष्टुः (ablative singular)
त्वष्टुः (genitive singular)
त्वष्टरि (locative singular)
त्वष्टः (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *twá(r)ṣṭā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *twárštā, from Proto-Indo-European *twr̥ḱ-tēr, from *twerḱ- (“to cut, trim, carve off”).

दे॒वस्त्वष्टा॑ सवि॒ता वि॒श्वरू॑पः पु॒पोष॑ प्र॒जाः पु॑रु॒धा ज॑जान।
इ॒मा च॒ विश्वा॒ भुव॑नान्यस्य म॒हद्दे॒वाना॑मसुर॒त्वमेक॑म्॥
devástváṣṭā savitā́ viśvárūpaḥ pupóṣa prajā́ḥ purudhā́ jajāna.
imā́ ca víśvā bhúvanānyasya maháddevā́nāmasuratvámékam.

The divine Tvaṣṭā the impeller of all, the multiform, has begotten and nourished a numerous progeny, for all these worlds are of him; great and unequalled is the might of the gods.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Tvaṣṭā, the craftsman of the devas


निन्दा

nindā́ (romanization)
निन्दा (nominative singular)
निन्दे (dual nominative)
निन्दाः (nominative plural)
निन्दाम् (accusative singular)
निन्दे (accusative dual)
निन्दाः (accusative plural)
निन्दया (instrumental singular)
निन्दा1 (instrumental singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निन्दाभिः (instrumental plural)
निन्दायै (dative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (dative plural)
निन्दायाः (ablative singular)
निन्दायै2 (ablative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
निन्दायाः (genitive singular)
निन्दायै2 (genitive singular)
निन्दयोः (dual genitive)
निन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
निन्दायाम् (locative singular)
निन्दयोः (dual locative)
निन्दासु (locative plural)
निन्दे (singular vocative)
निन्दे (dual vocative)
निन्दाः (plural vocative)

Pali: nindā

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇiṃdā)

→ Hindi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Kannada: ನಿಂದೆ (ninde)

→ Malayalam: നിന്ദ (ninda)

→ Marathi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿੰਦਾ (nindā)

→ Tamil: நிந்தை (nintai)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“criticism, abuse, reviling”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hatred, spite”), Latvian naids (“hatred”), Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “reproach”).

cog

(Buddhism) one of the eight worldly conditions


कुबेर

kubera (romanization)
कुबेरः (nominative singular)
कुबेरौ (dual nominative)
कुबेरा1 (dual nominative)
कुबेराः (nominative plural)
कुबेरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुबेरम् (accusative singular)
कुबेरौ (accusative dual)
कुबेरा1 (accusative dual)
कुबेरान् (accusative plural)
कुबेरेण (instrumental singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुबेरैः (instrumental plural)
कुबेरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुबेराय (dative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुबेरात् (ablative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुबेरस्य (genitive singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual genitive)
कुबेराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुबेरे (locative singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual locative)
कुबेरेषु (locative plural)
कुबेर (singular vocative)
कुबेरौ (dual vocative)
कुबेरा1 (dual vocative)
कुबेराः (plural vocative)
कुबेरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुवेर (alternative)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Kubera, king of the Yakshas, god of wealth, and the guardian of the north direction.


आकाशवाणी

sa-noun

आकाशवाणी • (ākāśavāṇī) stem, f

ākāśavāṇī (romanization)
आकाशवाणी (nominative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual nominative)
आकाशवाण्यः (nominative plural)
आकाशवाणीम् (accusative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (accusative dual)
आकाशवाणीः (accusative plural)
आकाशवाण्या (instrumental singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकाशवाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
आकाशवाण्यै (dative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (ablative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (genitive singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual genitive)
आकाशवाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकाशवाण्याम् (locative singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual locative)
आकाशवाणीषु (locative plural)
आकाशवाणि (singular vocative)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual vocative)
आकाशवाण्यः (plural vocative)

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + वाणी (vāṇī, “voice”); the sense of radio originated in 1935 from Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi), which was coined by the founders of a Mysore radio station that would have the same name. It then was "back-borrowed" into Sanskrit, where it spread to other Indic languages which borrowed vocabulary, including the original sense of this word, from Sanskrit after it was adopted by All India Radio.

bor

Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi)


प्रत्यय

pratyaya (romanization)
प्रत्ययः (nominative singular)
प्रत्ययौ (dual nominative)
प्रत्यया1 (dual nominative)
प्रत्ययाः (nominative plural)
प्रत्ययासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रत्ययम् (accusative singular)
प्रत्ययौ (accusative dual)
प्रत्यया1 (accusative dual)
प्रत्ययान् (accusative plural)
प्रत्ययेन (instrumental singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रत्ययैः (instrumental plural)
प्रत्ययेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रत्ययाय (dative singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रत्ययेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रत्ययात् (ablative singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रत्ययेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रत्ययस्य (genitive singular)
प्रत्यययोः (dual genitive)
प्रत्ययानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रत्यये (locative singular)
प्रत्यययोः (dual locative)
प्रत्ययेषु (locative plural)
प्रत्यय (singular vocative)
प्रत्ययौ (dual vocative)
प्रत्यया1 (dual vocative)
प्रत्ययाः (plural vocative)
प्रत्ययासः1 (plural vocative)

प्रति- (prati-, “towards”) + अय (aya, “going”), the latter component from इ (i, “to go”).

affix

(Buddhism, Jainism) fundamental notion or idea


शाक्यमुनि

śākyamuni (romanization)
शाक्यमुनिः (nominative singular)
शाक्यमुनी (dual nominative)
शाक्यमुनयः (nominative plural)
शाक्यमुनिम् (accusative singular)
शाक्यमुनी (accusative dual)
शाक्यमुनीन् (accusative plural)
शाक्यमुनिना (instrumental singular)
शाक्यमुन्या1 (instrumental singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाक्यमुनिभिः (instrumental plural)
शाक्यमुनये (dative singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाक्यमुनिभ्यः (dative plural)
शाक्यमुनेः (ablative singular)
शाक्यमुन्यः1 (ablative singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाक्यमुनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाक्यमुनेः (genitive singular)
शाक्यमुन्यः1 (genitive singular)
शाक्यमुन्योः (dual genitive)
शाक्यमुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
शाक्यमुनौ (locative singular)
शाक्यमुना1 (locative singular)
शाक्यमुन्योः (dual locative)
शाक्यमुनिषु (locative plural)
शाक्यमुने (singular vocative)
शाक्यमुनी (dual vocative)
शाक्यमुनयः (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻 (sakyamunī)

→ Middle Chinese: 釋迦牟尼 (MC syek kja mjuw nrij) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: Sakyamuni, Shakyamuni

From शाक्य (śākya, “Shakya”) + मुनि (múni, “sage, ascetic”).


दक्ष

dákṣa (romanization)
दक्षः (nominative singular)
दक्षौ (dual nominative)
दक्षा1 (dual nominative)
दक्षाः (nominative plural)
दक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
दक्षम् (accusative singular)
दक्षौ (accusative dual)
दक्षा1 (accusative dual)
दक्षान् (accusative plural)
दक्षेण (instrumental singular)
दक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दक्षैः (instrumental plural)
दक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दक्षाय (dative singular)
दक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
दक्षात् (ablative singular)
दक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दक्षस्य (genitive singular)
दक्षयोः (dual genitive)
दक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
दक्षे (locative singular)
दक्षयोः (dual locative)
दक्षेषु (locative plural)
दक्ष (singular vocative)
दक्षौ (dual vocative)
दक्षा1 (dual vocative)
दक्षाः (plural vocative)
दक्षासः1 (plural vocative)

From the root दक्ष् (dakṣ, “able, strong”).

sa-root

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रमदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म्अ॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

(Vedic religion) a vedic solar deity and one of the Adityas


सङ्घ

saṅgha (romanization)
सङ्घः (nominative singular)
सङ्घौ (dual nominative)
सङ्घा1 (dual nominative)
सङ्घाः (nominative plural)
सङ्घासः1 (nominative plural)
सङ्घम् (accusative singular)
सङ्घौ (accusative dual)
सङ्घा1 (accusative dual)
सङ्घान् (accusative plural)
सङ्घेन (instrumental singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सङ्घैः (instrumental plural)
सङ्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सङ्घाय (dative singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सङ्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
सङ्घात् (ablative singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सङ्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सङ्घस्य (genitive singular)
सङ्घयोः (dual genitive)
सङ्घानाम् (genitive plural)
सङ्घे (locative singular)
सङ्घयोः (dual locative)
सङ्घेषु (locative plural)
सङ्घ (singular vocative)
सङ्घौ (dual vocative)
सङ्घा1 (dual vocative)
सङ्घाः (plural vocative)
सङ्घासः1 (plural vocative)
संघ (alternative)

→ Bengali: সঙ্ঘ (śoṅgho)

→ English: sangha

→ Hindi: संघ (saṅgh)

→ English: sanghi

→ Indonesian: sangga

Malayalam: സംഘ (saṅgha)

→ Marathi: संघ (saṅgha)

→ Nepali: संघ (saṅgha)

→ Odia: ସଙ୍ଘ (saṅgha)

→ Pali: saṅgha

→ Burmese: သံဃာ (samgha)

→ Indonesian: sangha

→ Khmer: សង្ឃ (sɑng)

→ Lao: ສົງ (song)

desc

→ Sinhalese: සංඝයා (saṁghayā), සංඝ (saṁgha)

→ Thai: สงฆ์ (sǒng)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆 (caṅkam)

→ Tamil: சங்கம் (caṅkam)

→ Chinese: 僧伽

→ Japanese: 僧伽

→ Korean: 승가 (seungga)

→ Vietnamese: tăng già


दानु

dā́nu (romanization)
दानुः (nominative singular)
दानू (dual nominative)
दानवः (nominative plural)
दानुम् (accusative singular)
दानू (accusative dual)
दानूः (accusative plural)
दान्वा (instrumental singular)
दानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानुभिः (instrumental plural)
दानवे (dative singular)
दान्वै1 (dative singular)
दानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानुभ्यः (dative plural)
दानोः (ablative singular)
दान्वाः1 (ablative singular)
दान्वै2 (ablative singular)
दानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानोः (genitive singular)
दान्वाः1 (genitive singular)
दान्वै2 (genitive singular)
दान्वोः (dual genitive)
दानूनाम् (genitive plural)
दानौ (locative singular)
दान्वाम्1 (locative singular)
दान्वोः (dual locative)
दानुषु (locative plural)
दानो (singular vocative)
दानू (dual vocative)
दानवः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáHnu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHnu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river (deity)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬥𐬎 (dānu, “river”) and Ossetian дон (don, “river”). See also Ancient Greek δρόσος (drósos, “dew”), less likely related.

inh

यः शम्ब॑रं॒ पर्व॑तेषु क्षि॒यन्तं॑ चत्वारिं॒श्यां श॒रद्य॒न्ववि॑न्दत्।
ओ॒जा॒यमा॑नं॒ यो अहिं॑ ज॒घान॒ दानुं॒ शया॑नं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑॥
yáḥ śámbaraṃ párvateṣu kṣiyántaṃ catvāriṃśyā́ṃ śarádyanvávindat.
ojāyámānaṃ yó áhiṃ jaghā́na dā́nuṃ śáyānaṃ sá janāsa índraḥ.

He, who discovered Śambara dwelling in the mountains for forty years; who slew Ahi, growing in strength, and the sleeping son of Dānu; he, men, is Indra.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Danu, mother of the Danavas.


धर्मचक्र

dharmacakra (romanization)
धर्मचक्रम् (nominative singular)
धर्मचक्रे (dual nominative)
धर्मचक्राणि (nominative plural)
धर्मचक्रा1 (nominative plural)
धर्मचक्रम् (accusative singular)
धर्मचक्रे (accusative dual)
धर्मचक्राणि (accusative plural)
धर्मचक्रा1 (accusative plural)
धर्मचक्रेण (instrumental singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धर्मचक्रैः (instrumental plural)
धर्मचक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धर्मचक्राय (dative singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
धर्मचक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
धर्मचक्रात् (ablative singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धर्मचक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धर्मचक्रस्य (genitive singular)
धर्मचक्रयोः (dual genitive)
धर्मचक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
धर्मचक्रे (locative singular)
धर्मचक्रयोः (dual locative)
धर्मचक्रेषु (locative plural)
धर्मचक्र (singular vocative)
धर्मचक्रे (dual vocative)
धर्मचक्राणि (plural vocative)
धर्मचक्रा1 (plural vocative)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) the dharmachakra, the wheel of dharma


मैत्री

maitrī́ (romanization)
मैत्री (nominative singular)
मैत्र्यौ (dual nominative)
मैत्री1 (dual nominative)
मैत्र्यः (nominative plural)
मैत्रीः1 (nominative plural)
मैत्रीम् (accusative singular)
मैत्र्यौ (accusative dual)
मैत्री1 (accusative dual)
मैत्रीः (accusative plural)
मैत्र्या (instrumental singular)
मैत्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मैत्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
मैत्र्यै (dative singular)
मैत्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मैत्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
मैत्र्याः (ablative singular)
मैत्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
मैत्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मैत्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मैत्र्याः (genitive singular)
मैत्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
मैत्र्योः (dual genitive)
मैत्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
मैत्र्याम् (locative singular)
मैत्र्योः (dual locative)
मैत्रीषु (locative plural)
मैत्रि (singular vocative)
मैत्र्यौ (dual vocative)
मैत्री1 (dual vocative)
मैत्र्यः (plural vocative)
मैत्रीः1 (plural vocative)

Vṛddhi derivative of मित्र (mitrá, “friend”) with a -ई (-ī) extention.

vrd-ī

(Buddhism) benevolence, loving-kindness, friendliness


अशैक्षमार्ग

aśaikṣamārga (romanization)
अशैक्षमार्गः (nominative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (dual nominative)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (dual nominative)
अशैक्षमार्गाः (nominative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गासः1 (nominative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गम् (accusative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (accusative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (accusative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गान् (accusative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गेण (instrumental singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अशैक्षमार्गैः (instrumental plural)
अशैक्षमार्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अशैक्षमार्गाय (dative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गात् (ablative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गस्य (genitive singular)
अशैक्षमार्गयोः (dual genitive)
अशैक्षमार्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
अशैक्षमार्गे (locative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गयोः (dual locative)
अशैक्षमार्गेषु (locative plural)
अशैक्षमार्ग (singular vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (dual vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (dual vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गाः (plural vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Tocharian B: aśaikṣamārg

→ Middle Chinese: (calque) 無學道 (MC mju haewk dawX)

/ɐ.ɕɑjk.ʂɐ.mɑːɾ.ɡɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of अशैक्ष (aśaikṣa, “no longer a pupil”) + मार्ग (mārga, “path; way”).

compound

अशैक्षमार्गे त्वाज्ञातमित्यवगम आज्ञातावः ।
aśaikṣamārge tvājñātamityavagama ājñātāvaḥ.
And in the path of the not-of-learning, knowing that (it is) known, such awareness is the ājñātāva.

c. 300 CE – 400 CE, Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 2.8

(Buddhism) the path of those no longer needing religious instruction


चक्रवर्तिन्

cakravartin (romanization)
चक्रवर्ती (nominative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिनः (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनम् (accusative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनः (accusative plural)
चक्रवर्तिना (instrumental singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रवर्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
चक्रवर्तिने (dative singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रवर्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनः (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रवर्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनः (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिनोः (dual genitive)
चक्रवर्तिनाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रवर्तिनि (locative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनोः (dual locative)
चक्रवर्तिषु (locative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन् (singular vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनः (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

desc

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (cakkavatti)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨐𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨟𐨁 (cakravati)

Pali: cakkavattin

→ English: chakravartin

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चक्रवर्ती (cakravartī)

چَکْرَوَرْتِی

Urdu: چَکْرَوَرْتِی (cakravartī)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: cakrawarti
Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿꦮꦂꦠꦶ (cakrawarti)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭᬯᬃᬢᬶ (cakrawarti)

→ Malayalam: ചക്രവർത്തി (cakravaṟtti)

desc

சக்கிரவர்த்தி

→ Tamil: சக்கிரவர்த்தி (cakkiravartti)

→ Telugu: చక్రవర్తి (cakravarti)

/t͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ.ʋɐɾ.t̪in̪/

Compound of चक्र (cakra, “chakra, wheel”) + वर्तिन् (vartin, “turner”).

com+

अधर्मिष्ठाम् अचकथन् न कथाम् अकथङ्कतः ।
चक्रवर्तीव च परान् धर्मायाभ्युदसीषहत् ॥
adharmiṣṭhām acakathan na kathām akathaṅkataḥ.

c. 80 CE – 150 CE, Aśvaghoṣa, Saundarananda 2.32

He spoke not of impiety, nor the doubting and questioning,
And like a wheel-turning king, he inspired others to take up the duty to dharma.

cakravartīva ca parān dharmāyābhyudasīṣahat.

(historical, Hinduism, Buddhism) chakravartin, wheel-turner (in reference to the dharmachakra, world-ruler, upholder of dharma, a title taken by Indian emperors)


चक्रवर्तिनी

cakravartinī (romanization)
चक्रवर्तिनी (nominative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यः (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनीः1 (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनीम् (accusative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीः (accusative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्या (instrumental singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रवर्तिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै (dative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याः (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै2 (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याः (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै2 (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्योः (dual genitive)
चक्रवर्तिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याम् (locative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्योः (dual locative)
चक्रवर्तिनीषु (locative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनि (singular vocative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यः (plural vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनीः1 (plural vocative)

Feminine of चक्रवर्तिन्.

(historical, Hinduism, Buddhism) wheel-turner (in reference to the dharmachakra), world-ruler (feminine), upholder of dharma, a title taken by Indian empresses