संस्कृत

sa-adj

सं॒स्कृ॒त or संस्कृ॑त • (saṃskṛtá or sáṃskṛta) stem

सं॒स्कृ॒त (canonical)
संस्कृ॑त (canonical)
saṃskṛtá (romanization)
sáṃskṛta (romanization)
संस्कृतः (nominative singular)
संस्कृतौ (dual nominative)
संस्कृता1 (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृतासः1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृतौ (dual vocative)
संस्कृता1 (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृतासः1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृतौ (accusative dual)
संस्कृता1 (accusative dual)
संस्कृतान् (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)
संस्कृता (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृताः (nominative plural)
संस्कृते (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृताः (plural vocative)
संस्कृताम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृताः (accusative plural)
संस्कृतया (instrumental singular)
संस्कृता1 (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृताभिः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतायै (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (ablative singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतायाः (genitive singular)
संस्कृतायै2 (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृतायाम् (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतासु (locative plural)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)

Compound of सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + स्कृ (skṛ, “to do”) + -त (-ta, “-ed”).

com+

(Buddhism) conditioned; brought about by conditions


संस्कृत

saṃskṛtá (romanization)
संस्कृतम् (nominative singular)
संस्कृते (dual nominative)
संस्कृतानि (nominative plural)
संस्कृता1 (nominative plural)
संस्कृत (singular vocative)
संस्कृते (dual vocative)
संस्कृतानि (plural vocative)
संस्कृता1 (plural vocative)
संस्कृतम् (accusative singular)
संस्कृते (accusative dual)
संस्कृतानि (accusative plural)
संस्कृता1 (accusative plural)
संस्कृतेन (instrumental singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कृतैः (instrumental plural)
संस्कृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संस्कृताय (dative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कृतात् (ablative singular)
संस्कृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कृतस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual genitive)
संस्कृतानाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कृते (locative singular)
संस्कृतयोः (dual locative)
संस्कृतेषु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (*saṃkkata), *𑀲𑀁𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀝 (*saṃkkaṭa)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀬 (sakkaya), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀅 (sakkaa), 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀢 (sakkata), 𑀲𑀁𑀓𑀟 (saṃkaḍa)
>? Sinhalese: සකු (saku) (possibly borrowed)
→ Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕದ (sakkada)

Pali: saṅkhata, saṅkhaṭa

→ Assamese: সংস্কৃত (xoṅskrit)

→ Bengali: সংস্কৃত (śoṅskrito)

→ English: Sanskrit

→ Gujarati: સંસ્કૃત (sãskŕt)

→ Hindi: संस्कृत (sanskŕt)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ (saṃskṛta)

→ Marathi: संस्कृत (sauskrut)

→ Malayalam: സംസ്കൃതം (saṁskr̥taṁ)

→ Nepali: संस्कृत (sanskr̥t)

→ Odia: ସଂସ୍କୃତ (saṁskruta)

→ Persian: سانسکریت (sânskerit), سنسکریت (sanskerit), سَهاسْکِرْت (sahâskert)

desc

→ Tamil: சமஸ்கிருதம் (camaskirutam), சமசுகிருதம் (camacukirutam) — standard, சம்ஸ்க்ருதம் (camskrutam) — learnt

→ Telugu: సంస్కృతము (saṁskr̥tamu)

desctree

→ Pali: sakkata (calque)
→ Burmese: သက္ကတ (sakka.ta., “Sanskrit”)

desc

→ Tibetan: ལེགས་སྦྱར (legs sbyar) (calque)

भावश् च यदि निर्वाणं निर्वाणं संस्कृतं भवेत्।
नसंस्कृतो हि विद्यते भावः क्व चन कश् चन॥
bhāvaś ca yadi nirvāṇaṃ nirvāṇaṃ saṃskṛtaṃ bhavet.

c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 25.5

If nirvana were an entity, it would then have been a conditioned phenomenon,
Because nowhere and by no means is there an entity not conditioned.

nasaṃskṛto hi vidyate bhāvaḥ kva cana kaś cana.

तारका तिमिरं दीपो मायावश्याय बुद्बुदः।
सुपिनं विद्युद् अभ्रं च एवं द्रष्टव्य संस्कृतम्॥
tārakā timiraṃ dīpo māyāvaśyāya budbudaḥ.

c. 300 CE – 600 CE, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra 32

A shooting star, a shading of light, a lamp, an illusion, a hoarfrost, a bubble,
A dream, a lightning, a cloud — as such shall the conditioned existence be seen.

supinaṃ vidyud abhraṃ ca evaṃ draṣṭavya saṃskṛtam.

(Buddhism) conditioned phenomenon; the conditioned


सूर्य

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

You, Sūrya, outstrip all in speed; you are visible to all; you are the source of light; you shine throughout the entire firmament

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (mā nyā)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible.

(Buddhism) duplicity, one of the 24 minor evil passions


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

desctree

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).


आर्य

ā́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic ā́riya (romanization)
आर्यः (nominative singular)
आर्यौ (dual nominative)
आर्या1 (dual nominative)
आर्याः (nominative plural)
आर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
आर्य (singular vocative)
आर्यौ (dual vocative)
आर्या1 (dual vocative)
आर्याः (plural vocative)
आर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
आर्यम् (accusative singular)
आर्यौ (accusative dual)
आर्या1 (accusative dual)
आर्यान् (accusative plural)
आर्येण (instrumental singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आर्याय (dative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आर्यात् (ablative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आर्ये (locative singular)
आर्ययोः (dual locative)
आर्येषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)

Marathi: आजा (ājā), आजोबा (ājobā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja)

→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આજો (ājo)

Pali: ariya

Mon: အရဳ (ʼarī)

→ Assamese: আৰ্য্য (airzo)

→ Bengali: আর্য (arjo), আর্যু (arju)

→ English: Arya

desc

→ Hindi: आर्य (ārya, “Aryan”), हिंद-आर्य (hind-ārya, “Indo-Aryan”)

→ Urdu: آریہ (ārya, “Aryan”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ārya
Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)

→ Punjabi: ਆਰੀਆ (ārīā, “Aryan”)

→ Tamil: ஆரியம் (āriyam)

desc

→ Thai: อารียา (female given name "Ariya")

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Áryas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Áryas (“Aryan”).
Old Indic ā́rya (with long a, vṛddhi-formed Sanskrit ā́rya-) is a cognate of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (with short a, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱriia) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 (a-r-i-y /Ariya/). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians.

(from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)

(Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali ayya, or ariya)


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
Indonesian: dana

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


कोश

kóśa (romanization)
कोशः (nominative singular)
कोशौ (dual nominative)
कोशा1 (dual nominative)
कोशाः (nominative plural)
कोशासः1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशौ (dual vocative)
कोशा1 (dual vocative)
कोशाः (plural vocative)
कोशासः1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशौ (accusative dual)
कोशा1 (accusative dual)
कोशान् (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)
कोशम् (nominative singular)
कोशे (dual nominative)
कोशानि (nominative plural)
कोशा1 (nominative plural)
कोश (singular vocative)
कोशे (dual vocative)
कोशानि (plural vocative)
कोशा1 (plural vocative)
कोशम् (accusative singular)
कोशे (accusative dual)
कोशानि (accusative plural)
कोशा1 (accusative plural)
कोशेन (instrumental singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोशैः (instrumental plural)
कोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोशाय (dative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोशात् (ablative singular)
कोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोशस्य (genitive singular)
कोशयोः (dual genitive)
कोशानाम् (genitive plural)
कोशे (locative singular)
कोशयोः (dual locative)
कोशेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: কোশ (küx)

→ Bengali: কোশ (kōś), কোষ (kōś)

→ English: kosha

→ Hindi: कोश (koś)

→ Malay: kosa

Indonesian: kosa

Nepali: कोश् (koś) / कोसो (koso)

→ Odia: କୋଷ (kosha)

Sindhi: ڪوشُ

→ Tamil: கோசம் (kōcam)

→ Telugu: కోశము (kōśamu)

→ Thai: โกศ (gòot)

Pali: kosa

desc

→ Punjabi: ਕੋਸ਼ (koś, “store, glossary, lexicon”)

Probably from the verb कुश्यति (kuśyati, “to embrace, enfold”), related to कुक्षि (kukṣí, “belly, interior”) and कोष्ठ (koṣṭha, “viscera of the body”), or from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káwćas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kówH-ḱo-s, probably from *(s)kewH-. Compare Kamkata-viri kuć, kyuć, Lithuanian káušas.

(Buddhism) name of a collection of Gāthā verses


विहार

vihāra (romanization)
विहारः (nominative singular)
विहारौ (dual nominative)
विहारा1 (dual nominative)
विहाराः (nominative plural)
विहारासः1 (nominative plural)
विहार (singular vocative)
विहारौ (dual vocative)
विहारा1 (dual vocative)
विहाराः (plural vocative)
विहारासः1 (plural vocative)
विहारम् (accusative singular)
विहारौ (accusative dual)
विहारा1 (accusative dual)
विहारान् (accusative plural)
विहारेण (instrumental singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विहारैः (instrumental plural)
विहारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विहाराय (dative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (dative plural)
विहारात् (ablative singular)
विहाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विहारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विहारस्य (genitive singular)
विहारयोः (dual genitive)
विहाराणाम् (genitive plural)
विहारे (locative singular)
विहारयोः (dual locative)
विहारेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিহার (bihar)

Hindi: बिहार (bihār)

→ English: vihara

→ Burmese: ဝိဟာရ (wi.hara.)

→ Khmer: វិហារ (vihiə)

→ Javanese: ꦮꦶꦲꦫ (wihara)

→ Indonesian: wihara

→ Lao: ວິຫານ (wi hān)

→ Lü: ᦞᦲᦠᦱᧃ (viiḣaan)

→ Malay: biara

Indonesian: biara

→ Northern Thai: ᩅᩥᩉᩣ᩠ᩁ

Sinhalese: විහාර (wihāra)

→ Thai: วิหาร (wí-hǎan)

From वि- (vi-, suffix indicating distribution, opposition or arrangement) + हार (hāra, “bearing, carrying”, from हर (hara)).

af

from <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हर</i> (hara)

(Buddhism, Jainism) vihara, a monastery or temple (originally a hall where the monks met or walked about; afterwards these halls were used as temples)


बोधिसत्त्व

bodhi-sattva (romanization)
बोधिसत्त्वः (nominative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual nominative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (nominative plural)
बोधिसत्त्व (singular vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (dual vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वाः (plural vocative)
बोधिसत्त्वम् (accusative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वौ (accusative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वान् (accusative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वेन (instrumental singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधिसत्त्वैः (instrumental plural)
बोधिसत्त्वाय (dative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वात् (ablative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधिसत्त्वस्य (genitive singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual genitive)
बोधिसत्त्वानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधिसत्त्वे (locative singular)
बोधिसत्त्वयोः (dual locative)
बोधिसत्त्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of बोधिसत्त्व

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वाः

बोधिसत्त्वम्

बोधिसत्त्वान्

बोधिसत्त्वेन

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वैः

बोधिसत्त्वाय

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वात्

बोधिसत्त्वाभ्याम्

बोधिसत्त्वेभ्यः

बोधिसत्त्वस्य

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वानाम्

बोधिसत्त्वयोः

बोधिसत्त्वेषु

→ Bengali: বোধিসত্ত্ব (bōdhiśotto)

Pali: bodhisatta

Burmese: ဗောဓိသတ် (bau:dhi.sat)

→ English: bodhisattva

desc

→ Chinese: 菩提薩埵 /菩提萨埵 (pútísàduǒ), 菩薩 /菩萨 (púsà)

→ Japanese: 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta), 菩薩 (bosatsu)

→ Korean: 보살 (bosal)

→ Manchu: ᡦᡠᠰᠠ (pusa)

→ Vietnamese: bồ tát

→ Classical Mongolian: [script needed] (bodisadu)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᡩᡳᠰᠠᡨᡠ (bodisatu)

→ Sinhalese: බෝධිසත්ත්ව (bōdhisattwa)

போதிசத்துவன்

Tamil: போதிசத்துவன் (pōticattuvaṉ)

→ Thai: โพธิสัตว์ (poo-tí-sàt)

→ Tocharian A: bodʰisattu

From बोधि (bodhí, “perfect knowledge”) + सत्त्व (sattvá, “essence”).


दृष्टि

sa-noun

दृष्टि • (dṛ́ṣṭi) stem, f

dṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
दृष्टिः (nominative singular)
दृष्टी (dual nominative)
दृष्टयः (nominative plural)
दृष्टे (singular vocative)
दृष्टी (dual vocative)
दृष्टयः (plural vocative)
दृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
दृष्टी (accusative dual)
दृष्टीः (accusative plural)
दृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
दृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
दृष्टये (dative singular)
दृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
दृष्टी1 (dative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
दृष्टेः (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृष्टेः (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
दृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
दृष्टौ (locative singular)
दृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
दृष्टा1 (locative singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
दृष्टिषु (locative plural)

Pali: diṭṭhi

→ Bengali: দৃষ্টি (driśṭi)

desc

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Kannada: ದೃಷ್ಟಿ (dṛṣṭi)

→ Old Marathi: दृष्टी (dṛṣṭī)

Marathi: दृष्टी (druṣṭī)

→ Punjabi: ਡਿੱਠ (ḍiṭṭha), ਦਿੱਠ (diṭṭha), ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ (driśṭī)

→ Tamil: திருஷ்டி (tiruṣṭi)

→ Telugu: దృష్టి (dr̥ṣṭi)

⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dŕ̥ṣṭiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dŕ̥štiš, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥ḱtis. By surface analysis, दृश् (dṛś) + -ति (-ti).

surf

आत्मदृष्टि (ātmadṛṣṭi): the view on the self, the (problematic) view that the self exists, the holding onto a self

(Buddhism) a wrong view; an invalid perspective


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)

Vrddhi derivative of मैत्री (maitrī) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

(Buddhism) Maitreya, a bodhisattva, who is said to be the future Buddha of Buddhism


संज्ञा

sa-noun

संज्ञा • (saṃjñā́) stem, f

saṃjñā́ (romanization)
संज्ञा (nominative singular)
संज्ञे (dual nominative)
संज्ञाः (nominative plural)
संज्ञे (singular vocative)
संज्ञे (dual vocative)
संज्ञाः (plural vocative)
संज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
संज्ञे (accusative dual)
संज्ञाः (accusative plural)
संज्ञया (instrumental singular)
संज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
संज्ञायै (dative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
संज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
संज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
संज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
संज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
संज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
संज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
संज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
संज्ञयोः (dual locative)
संज्ञासु (locative plural)

/sɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/s̪ɐɲd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

From the root संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā).

suf

संज्ञा (saṃjñā) + -आ (-ā)

(Buddhism) perception (one of the 5 skandhas)


मध्यम

madhyama (romanization)
मध्यमः (nominative singular)
मध्यमौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमाः (nominative plural)
मध्यम (singular vocative)
मध्यमौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमाः (plural vocative)
मध्यमम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमाय (dative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमे (locative singular)
मध्यमयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मध्यम

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्

मध्यमाभ्याम्


प्रज्ञा

prajñā́ (romanization)
प्रज्ञा (nominative singular)
प्रज्ञे (dual nominative)
प्रज्ञाः (nominative plural)
प्रज्ञे (singular vocative)
प्रज्ञे (dual vocative)
प्रज्ञाः (plural vocative)
प्रज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
प्रज्ञे (accusative dual)
प्रज्ञाः (accusative plural)
प्रज्ञया (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रज्ञायै (dative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
प्रज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
प्रज्ञयोः (dual locative)
प्रज्ञासु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: প্রজ্ঞা

→ Bengali: প্রজ্ঞা (projna)

→ English: Progya, Pragya

→ Sylheti: ꠙ꠆ꠞꠎ꠆ꠘꠣ (frozna)

→ Hindi: प्रज्ञा (prajñā)

→ English: Pragya

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಜ್ಞಾ (prajñā)

→ Malayalam: പ്രജ്ഞ (prajña)

→ Marathi: प्रज्ञा (pradnyā)

→ Nepali: प्रज्ञा (pragyā)

desctree

Pali: paññā
→ Burmese: ပညာ (pa.nya)
→ Khün: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Lao: ປັນຍາ (pan nyā)
→ Lü: ᦔᧃᦍᦱ (ṗanyaa)
→ Middle Chinese: 般若 (MC paen nyaeX)
Mandarin: 般若 (bōrě)
Cantonese: 般若 (bo1 je5, but3 je5)
Hakka: 般若 (pat-ngiâ)
Min Nan: 般若 (poa̍t-jiá, poa̍t-ché, pat-jé)
→ Japanese: 般若(はんにゃ) (hannya)
→ Korean: 반야(般若) (banya)
→ Vietnamese: bát nhã (般若)
→ Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨷᨬ᩠ᨬᩣ
→ Old Khmer:
Khmer: បញ្ញា (paññaa)
→ Shan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (pìng nyàa)
→ Thai: ปัญญา (bpan-yaa)

→ Sinhalese: ප්රඥ්ඥාව (pragngnāwa)

→ Tamil: பிரக்யா (pirakyā)

→ English: Pirakya

→ Malayalam: പിരക്യാ (pirakyā)

→ Telugu: ప్రజ్ఞా (prajñā)

desc

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

→ Urdu: پرگیہ

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑ́ː/

/pɾɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
From प्र- (pra-, “towards, pro-”) + ज्ञा (√jñā, “to know”).


गन्धर्व

gandharvá (romanization)
गन्धर्वः (nominative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual nominative)
गन्धर्वाः (nominative plural)
गन्धर्वासः1 (nominative plural)
गन्धर्व (singular vocative)
गन्धर्वौ (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वा1 (dual vocative)
गन्धर्वाः (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वासः1 (plural vocative)
गन्धर्वम् (accusative singular)
गन्धर्वौ (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वा1 (accusative dual)
गन्धर्वान् (accusative plural)
गन्धर्वेण (instrumental singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गन्धर्वैः (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गन्धर्वाय (dative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गन्धर्वात् (ablative singular)
गन्धर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गन्धर्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गन्धर्वस्य (genitive singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual genitive)
गन्धर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
गन्धर्वे (locative singular)
गन्धर्वयोः (dual locative)
गन्धर्वेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gandhabba

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀯𑁆𑀯 (gaṃdhavva)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gandharwa
Javanese: ꦒꦤ꧀ꦢꦂꦮ (gandarwa)
→ Indonesian: gêndêruwo
→ Balinese: ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥᬃᬯ᭄ᬯ (gandarwa)

/ɡɐn.dʱɐɾ.ʋɐ́/

/ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐɾ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gandʰarwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰarwás ~ *g(ʰ)andʰarbʰás, ultimately likely from a BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdər^əβa), 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gaṇdar^əβa). Compare also Ancient Greek Κένταυρος (Kéntauros), to which it is often likened.

inh

सप्त स्वसारो अभि मातरः शिशुं नवं जज्ञानं जेन्यं विपश्चितम् ।
अपां गन्धर्वं दिव्यं नृचक्षसं सोमं विश्वस्य भुवनस्य राजसे ॥
sapta svasāro abhi mātaraḥ śiśuṃ navaṃ jajñānaṃ jenyaṃ vipaścitam.

The Sisters Seven, the Mothers, stand around the Babe, the noble, new-born Infant, skilled in holy song,
Gandharva of the floods, divine, beholding men, Soma, that he may reign as King of all the world.

apāṃ gandharvaṃ divyaṃ nṛcakṣasaṃ somaṃ viśvasya bhuvanasya rājase.

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a gandharva (one of a class of male heavenly beings, famed singers and guardians of soma)


मार

mā́ra (romanization)
मारः (nominative singular)
मारौ (dual nominative)
मारा1 (dual nominative)
माराः (nominative plural)
मारासः1 (nominative plural)
मार (singular vocative)
मारौ (dual vocative)
मारा1 (dual vocative)
माराः (plural vocative)
मारासः1 (plural vocative)
मारम् (accusative singular)
मारौ (accusative dual)
मारा1 (accusative dual)
मारान् (accusative plural)
मारेण (instrumental singular)
माराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मारैः (instrumental plural)
मारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
माराय (dative singular)
माराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मारात् (ablative singular)
माराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मारस्य (genitive singular)
मारयोः (dual genitive)
माराणाम् (genitive plural)
मारे (locative singular)
मारयोः (dual locative)
मारेषु (locative plural)

Balinese: ᬫᬵᬭ (mara)

→ Chinese: 魔羅 /魔罗 (móluó)

→ Japanese: 魔羅 (mara)

→ Indonesian: mara (“calamity”)

→ Khmer: មារ (miə)

→ Lü: ᦙᦱᧃ (maan)

→ Thai: มาร (maan, “demon”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *mór-os, from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with English mare (whence nightmare), German Mahr, Lithuanian mãras, Polish mara, Serbo-Croatian мо̏ра.

(Buddhism) the Destroyer, Evil One (who tempts men to indulge their passions and is the great enemy of the बुद्ध and his religion; four मारs are enumerated in Dharmas. 80, viz. स्कन्ध-, क्लेश-, देवपुत्र-, and मृत्यु-म्°; but the later Buddhist theory of races of gods led to the figment of millions of मारs ruled over by a chief मार)


यान

yā́na (romanization)
यानम् (nominative singular)
याने (dual nominative)
यानानि (nominative plural)
याना1 (nominative plural)
यान (singular vocative)
याने (dual vocative)
यानानि (plural vocative)
याना1 (plural vocative)
यानम् (accusative singular)
याने (accusative dual)
यानानि (accusative plural)
याना1 (accusative plural)
यानेन (instrumental singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यानैः (instrumental plural)
यानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यानाय (dative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यानेभ्यः (dative plural)
यानात् (ablative singular)
यानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यानस्य (genitive singular)
यानयोः (dual genitive)
यानानाम् (genitive plural)
याने (locative singular)
यानयोः (dual locative)
यानेषु (locative plural)

→ Khmer: យាន (yiən, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Kannada: ಯಾನ (yāna, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Hindi: यान (yān, “carriage, coach”)

→ Malayalam: യാനം (yānaṁ, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Marathi: यान (yān, “carriage, vehicle”)

desctree

→ Pali: yāna (“conveyance”)
→ Burmese: ယာဉ် (yany, “conveyance”)
→ Shan: ယဵၼ်ႇ (yàen, “conveyance”)
→ Thai: ยาน (yaan, “conveyance”)

desc

→ Tamil: யானம் (yāṉam, “carriage, vehicle”)

→ Telugu: యానము (yānamu, “carriage, vehicle”)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *yéh₂-nom, from *yeh₂- (“to go”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěxati (“to travel”). The Sanskrit root is या (yā, “to go, proceed”).

(Buddhism) figuratively and metaphorically, the modes or methods of religious practice that "convey" practitioners on "journeys" towards their spiritual goal, normally translated as vehicle


यक्ष

yakṣá (romanization)
यक्षम् (nominative singular)
यक्षे (dual nominative)
यक्षाणि (nominative plural)
यक्षा1 (nominative plural)
यक्ष (singular vocative)
यक्षे (dual vocative)
यक्षाणि (plural vocative)
यक्षा1 (plural vocative)
यक्षम् (accusative singular)
यक्षे (accusative dual)
यक्षाणि (accusative plural)
यक्षा1 (accusative plural)
यक्षेण (instrumental singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्षैः (instrumental plural)
यक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यक्षाय (dative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्षात् (ablative singular)
यक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्षस्य (genitive singular)
यक्षयोः (dual genitive)
यक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
यक्षे (locative singular)
यक्षयोः (dual locative)
यक्षेषु (locative plural)

From the root यक्ष् (yakṣ, “to appear, show oneself”), related to Persian نشان (nešân, “sign, mark”); see there for more on the Indo-Iranian root.
Various other proposals have been suggested, such as an s-extension of यजति (yajati, “to worship; to sacrifice”), or a connection to याशु (yāśu, “sexual effusion, embrace”); these are phonetically and/or semantically unconvincing.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a yaksha; a supernatural being, spiritual apparition, spirit, ghost


शील

śī́la (romanization)
शीलम् (nominative singular)
शीले (dual nominative)
शीलानि (nominative plural)
शील (singular vocative)
शीले (dual vocative)
शीलानि (plural vocative)
शीलम् (accusative singular)
शीले (accusative dual)
शीलानि (accusative plural)
शीलेन (instrumental singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शीलैः (instrumental plural)
शीलाय (dative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (dative plural)
शीलात् (ablative singular)
शीलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शीलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शीलस्य (genitive singular)
शीलयोः (dual genitive)
शीलानाम् (genitive plural)
शीले (locative singular)
शीलयोः (dual locative)
शीलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शील</i>

Javanese: ꦯꦷꦭ (shīla)

→ Malay: sila (learned)

Indonesian: sila

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śīla (“moral character; action, conduct”)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬶᬮ (sila, “conduct”)

Pali: sīla
→ Burmese: သီလ (sila.)
→ Khmer: សីល (səl)
→ Lao: ສິນ (sin)
→ Lü: ᦉᦲᧃ (ṡiin)
→ Northern Thai: ᩈᩦ᩠ᩃ
→ Shan: သီႇလႃႉ (sìi lâ̰a), သိၼ် (sǐn)
→ Sinhalese: සීල (sīla)
→ Thai: สีล (sǐil)

→ Thai: ศีล (sǐin) (learned)

Probably a derivative of शी (śī, “to lie down, rest”), with semantic interpretation as "that (such as morals, customs, and personal philosophy) which rests (firmly or unchangingly) within someone". "the moral ways that rest (within a person or society)".


जम्बुद्वीप

jambudvīpá (romanization)
जम्बुद्वीपः (nominative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (dual nominative)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (dual nominative)
जम्बुद्वीपाः (nominative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपासः1 (nominative plural)
जम्बुद्वीप (singular vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (dual vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (dual vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपाः (plural vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपासः1 (plural vocative)
जम्बुद्वीपम् (accusative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपौ (accusative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपा1 (accusative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपान् (accusative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जम्बुद्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
जम्बुद्वीपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जम्बुद्वीपाय (dative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपात् (ablative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जम्बुद्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जम्बुद्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
जम्बुद्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
जम्बुद्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
जम्बुद्वीपे (locative singular)
जम्बुद्वीपयोः (dual locative)
जम्बुद्वीपेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀧 (jaṃbudīpa)
Gandhari: 𐨗𐨎𐨦𐨂𐨡𐨁𐨬 (jaṃbudiva)
→ Khotanese: jaṃbutīvä
→ Parthian: 𐫉𐫖𐫁𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫃 (zmbwdyg /zambudīg/)
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀯 (jaṃbudīva), 𑀚𑀁𑀩𑀼𑀤𑀻𑀧 (jaṃbudīpa)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ދަނބިދޫ (daᵐbidū) (obsolete 𑤞𑤢𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳 (dhabuduvu /daᵐbuduvu/))
→ English: Dhanbidhoo, Dambidu
Sinhalese: දඹදිව (daᵐbadiwa)

Pali: jambudīpa

→ Chinese: 閻浮提 /阎浮提 (yánfútí)

→ Japanese: 閻浮提 (えんぶだい, enbudai)

→ Korean: 염부제 (yeombuje)

→ Vietnamese: Diêm Phù Đề

→ Kannada: ಜಂಬುದ್ವೀಪ (jambudvīpa)

→ Thai: ชมพูทวีป (chom-puu-tá-wîip)

desc

འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་

→ Tibetan: འཛམ་བུའི་གླིང་ ('dzam bu'i gling) (partial calque)

Compound of जम्बु (jambu, “jambu tree”) + द्वीप (dvīpá, “island”).

com+

(Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism) Jambudvipa: one of the seven regions of the Earth.


रोहिणी

rohiṇī (romanization)
रोहिणी (nominative singular)
रोहिण्यौ (dual nominative)
रोहिण्यः (nominative plural)
रोहिणि (singular vocative)
रोहिण्यौ (dual vocative)
रोहिण्यः (plural vocative)
रोहिणीम् (accusative singular)
रोहिण्यौ (accusative dual)
रोहिणीः (accusative plural)
रोहिण्या (instrumental singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
रोहिण्यै (dative singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहिण्याः (ablative singular)
रोहिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहिण्याः (genitive singular)
रोहिण्योः (dual genitive)
रोहिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिण्याम् (locative singular)
रोहिण्योः (dual locative)
रोहिणीषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: रोहिणी (rohiṇī) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਰੋਹੀਣੀ (rohīṇī) (learned)

→ Tamil: ரோகிணி (rōkiṇi) (learned)

→ Telugu: రోహిణి (rōhiṇi) (learned)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) Name of various figures

Name of various figures
Rohini, a wife of Chandra

Name of various figures
Rohini, a wife of Krishna

Rohini, a wife of Vasudeva, and the mother of Balarama and Subhadra

Name of various figures
Rohini, a disciple of Buddha


क्लेश

kleśa (romanization)
क्लेशः (nominative singular)
क्लेशौ (dual nominative)
क्लेशा1 (dual nominative)
क्लेशाः (nominative plural)
क्लेशासः1 (nominative plural)
क्लेश (singular vocative)
क्लेशौ (dual vocative)
क्लेशा1 (dual vocative)
क्लेशाः (plural vocative)
क्लेशासः1 (plural vocative)
क्लेशम् (accusative singular)
क्लेशौ (accusative dual)
क्लेशा1 (accusative dual)
क्लेशान् (accusative plural)
क्लेशेन (instrumental singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लेशैः (instrumental plural)
क्लेशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्लेशाय (dative singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लेशात् (ablative singular)
क्लेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लेशस्य (genitive singular)
क्लेशयोः (dual genitive)
क्लेशानाम् (genitive plural)
क्लेशे (locative singular)
क्लेशयोः (dual locative)
क्लेशेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀲 (kilesa)

→ Classical Newar: कलेश, क्लेश

→ Chinese: 煩惱 /烦恼 (fánnǎo) (calque)

→ English: klesha

→ Malay: gelisah

Pali: kilesa

→ Burmese: ကိလေသာ (ki.lesa)

→ Lao: ກິເລດ (ki lēt)

desc

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (kilesa), [script needed] (kilessa)

Khmer: កិលេស (keleeh)

→ Shan: ၵီႉလေႇသႃႇ (kḭ̂i lèe sàa)

→ Shan: ၵီႉလေႇသႃႇ (kḭ̂i lèe sàa)

→ Thai: กิเลส (gì-lèet)

→ Telugu: క్లేశము (klēśamu)

From the root क्लिश् (kliś, “to torment, trouble, suffer”)

sa-root

(Hinduism, Buddhism) in yoga, the five kleśas are named avidyā 'ignorance', asmitā 'egotism', rāga 'desire', dveśa 'aversion' and abhiniveśa 'tenacity of mundane existence'


अचल

/ɐ.t͡ɕɐ.l̪ɐ/

(Buddhism) the deity Acala ("Immovable")


भव

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰawH-ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰowH-ós, an innovated verb stem derived from *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).

(Buddhism) continuity of becoming (a link in the twelvefold chain of causation) Dharmas. 42 (MWB. 102)


व्यायाम

vyāyāmá (romanization)
व्यायामः (nominative singular)
व्यायामौ (dual nominative)
व्यायामा1 (dual nominative)
व्यायामाः (nominative plural)
व्यायामासः1 (nominative plural)
व्यायाम (singular vocative)
व्यायामौ (dual vocative)
व्यायामा1 (dual vocative)
व्यायामाः (plural vocative)
व्यायामासः1 (plural vocative)
व्यायामम् (accusative singular)
व्यायामौ (accusative dual)
व्यायामा1 (accusative dual)
व्यायामान् (accusative plural)
व्यायामेन (instrumental singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यायामैः (instrumental plural)
व्यायामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्यायामाय (dative singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यायामेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यायामात् (ablative singular)
व्यायामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यायामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यायामस्य (genitive singular)
व्यायामयोः (dual genitive)
व्यायामानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यायामे (locative singular)
व्यायामयोः (dual locative)
व्यायामेषु (locative plural)

/ʋjɑː.jɑː.mɐ́/

A compound of वि- (vi-) + आयाम (āyāmá, “extending, stretching”) or a derivative of the root व्यायम् (vyāyam).


महायान

mahāyāna (romanization)
महायानम् (nominative singular)
महायाने (dual nominative)
महायानानि (nominative plural)
महायान (singular vocative)
महायाने (dual vocative)
महायानानि (plural vocative)
महायानम् (accusative singular)
महायाने (accusative dual)
महायानानि (accusative plural)
महायानेन (instrumental singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
महायानैः (instrumental plural)
महायानाय (dative singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
महायानेभ्यः (dative plural)
महायानात् (ablative singular)
महायानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
महायानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
महायानस्य (genitive singular)
महायानयोः (dual genitive)
महायानानाम् (genitive plural)
महायाने (locative singular)
महायानयोः (dual locative)
महायानेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: মহাযান (mohajan)

→ Chinese: 大乘 (Dàchéng) (calque)

ja-r

大乗(だいじょう) (daijō)

→ Japanese: 大乗(だいじょう) (daijō)

→ English: Mahayana

→ Hindi: महायान (mahāyān)

→ Nepali: महायान (mahāyān)

→ Punjabi: ਮਹਾਯਾਨ (mahāyān)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.jɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of महा (mahā, “great”) + यान (yāna, “vehicle”).

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(Buddhism) Mahayana (a school of Buddhism widely practised in East Asia and Vietnam which accepts non-Pali canon scriptures, recognizes a broader array of buddhas and bodhisattvas, and whose spiritual objective is to achieve Buddhahood and liberate other beings, rather than simply to achieve personal enlightenment, as in Theravada Buddhism)


निर्माण

nirmāṇa (romanization)
निर्माणम् (nominative singular)
निर्माणे (dual nominative)
निर्माणानि (nominative plural)
निर्माणा1 (nominative plural)
निर्माण (singular vocative)
निर्माणे (dual vocative)
निर्माणानि (plural vocative)
निर्माणा1 (plural vocative)
निर्माणम् (accusative singular)
निर्माणे (accusative dual)
निर्माणानि (accusative plural)
निर्माणा1 (accusative plural)
निर्माणेन (instrumental singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निर्माणैः (instrumental plural)
निर्माणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निर्माणाय (dative singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निर्माणेभ्यः (dative plural)
निर्माणात् (ablative singular)
निर्माणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निर्माणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निर्माणस्य (genitive singular)
निर्माणयोः (dual genitive)
निर्माणानाम् (genitive plural)
निर्माणे (locative singular)
निर्माणयोः (dual locative)
निर्माणेषु (locative plural)


निर्वाण

nirvāṇa (romanization)
निर्वाणम् (nominative singular)
निर्वाणे (dual nominative)
निर्वाणानि (nominative plural)
निर्वाण (singular vocative)
निर्वाणे (dual vocative)
निर्वाणानि (plural vocative)
निर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
निर्वाणे (accusative dual)
निर्वाणानि (accusative plural)
निर्वाणेन (instrumental singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निर्वाणैः (instrumental plural)
निर्वाणाय (dative singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निर्वाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
निर्वाणात् (ablative singular)
निर्वाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निर्वाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निर्वाणस्य (genitive singular)
निर्वाणयोः (dual genitive)
निर्वाणानाम् (genitive plural)
निर्वाणे (locative singular)
निर्वाणयोः (dual locative)
निर्वाणेषु (locative plural)

Central:

Kumaoni: निमान (“extinguishing”)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀡 (ṇivvāṇa)

desc

Marathi: निवाण (nivāṇ, “cooling application for eyes”), निवाणें (nivāṇẽ, “destruction”), निव्णें (nivṇẽ, “hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool”)

desctree

Pali: nibbāna
→ Burmese: နိဗ္ဗာန် (nibban)
→ Khmer: និព្វាន (nɨppiən)
→ Lao: ນິພານ (ni phān)
→ Thai: นิพพาน (níp-paan)

→ Bengali: নির্বাণ (nirban)

→ Chinese: 涅槃 (nièpán)

→ Japanese: 涅槃 (nehan)

→ Korean: 열반 (yeolban)

→ Vietnamese: niết bàn

→ English: nirvana

→ Gujarati: નિર્વાણ (nirvāṇ)

→ Hindi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)

→ Indonesian: nirwana

→ Kannada: ನಿರ್ವಾಣ (nirvāṇa)

→ Marathi: निर्वाण (nirvāṇ)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿਰਵਾਣ (nirvāṇ)

→ Russian: нирва́на (nirvána)

→ Ukrainian: нірва́на (nirvána)

/n̪iɾ.ʋɑː.ɳɐ/

From निर्- (nir-, “out”) + वान (vāna, “blown”).

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शून्य शून्य#Sanskrit

(Buddhism, Jainism) absolute extinction or annihilation (= शून्य (śūnya)) of individual existence or of all desires and passions


प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद

sa-noun

प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद • (pratītyasamutpāda) stem, m

English: pratītyasamutpāda

(Buddhism) the chain of causation (Lalit.)


स्वाहा

head

स्वाहा • (svā́hā)

→ Chinese: 娑婆訶 /娑婆诃 (sàpóhē)

→ Japanese: 薩婆訶 (sowaka)

→ Korean: 사바하 (sabaha)

→ Vietnamese: ta bà ha

→ Khmer: ស្វាហា (svaahaa)

Hindi: स्वाहा (svāhā)

desc

→ Thai: สวาหะ

→ Thai: สวาหะ

→ Tibetan: སྭཱ་ཧཱ་ (swā hā)

Uncertain, possibly a variant of similar exclamations like स्वधा (svadhā́) and स्वगा (svagā́). A derivation from सु- (su-) + आह (ā́ha), literally “well has he spoken”, has also been proposed.


उपासक

→ Middle Chinese: 優婆塞 (MC 'juw ba sojH|sok)

Chinese: 優婆塞 /优婆塞 (yōupósè)

→ Japanese: 優婆塞 (うばそく, ubasoku)

→ Korean: 우바새 (ubasae) (優婆塞)

Pali: upāsaka

→ Tocharian B: upāsake

भिक्षु भिक्षु

(Buddhism) a Buddhist lay worshipper (as distinguished from the भिक्षु)


अमिताभ

amitābha (romanization)
अमिताभः (nominative singular)
अमिताभ (singular vocative)
अमिताभम् (accusative singular)
अमिताभेन (instrumental singular)
अमिताभाय (dative singular)
अमिताभात् (ablative singular)
अमिताभस्य (genitive singular)
अमिताभे (locative singular)

Tatpuruṣa compound of अमित (amita, “measureless”) + आभा (ābhā, “light”).

com

(Buddhism) Amitābha, the principal Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahayana


मूर्धन्

mūrdhán (romanization)
मूर्धा (nominative singular)
मूर्धानौ (dual nominative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual nominative)
मूर्धानः (nominative plural)
मूर्धन् (singular vocative)
मूर्धानौ (dual vocative)
मूर्धाना1 (dual vocative)
मूर्धानः (plural vocative)
मूर्धानम् (accusative singular)
मूर्धानौ (accusative dual)
मूर्धाना1 (accusative dual)
मूर्ध्नः (accusative plural)
मूर्ध्ना (instrumental singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूर्धभिः (instrumental plural)
मूर्ध्ने (dative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (dative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (ablative singular)
मूर्धभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूर्धभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूर्ध्नः (genitive singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual genitive)
मूर्ध्नाम् (genitive plural)
मूर्ध्नि (locative singular)
मूर्धनि (locative singular)
मूर्धन्1 (locative singular)
मूर्ध्नोः (dual locative)
मूर्धसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (mudə)

desc

Grangali: [script needed] (mūndə, “neck”)

Kalasha: mọn

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (muda, “upwards”)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (mundā)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)

Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)

Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)

Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)

Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)

Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)

Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)

Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)

Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)

Pali: muddhan

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)

Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)

Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)

Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)

Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́
Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥Hdʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ. Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (kamər^əδa, “head”), Old English molda, Tocharian A malto (“firstly”), and perhaps Ancient Greek βλωθρός (blōthrós, “high (of trees)”).


स्कन्ध

skandhá (romanization)
स्कन्धः (nominative singular)
स्कन्धौ (dual nominative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual nominative)
स्कन्धाः (nominative plural)
स्कन्धासः1 (nominative plural)
स्कन्ध (singular vocative)
स्कन्धौ (dual vocative)
स्कन्धा1 (dual vocative)
स्कन्धाः (plural vocative)
स्कन्धासः1 (plural vocative)
स्कन्धम् (accusative singular)
स्कन्धौ (accusative dual)
स्कन्धा1 (accusative dual)
स्कन्धान् (accusative plural)
स्कन्धेन (instrumental singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्कन्धैः (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्कन्धाय (dative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्कन्धात् (ablative singular)
स्कन्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्कन्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्कन्धस्य (genitive singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual genitive)
स्कन्धानाम् (genitive plural)
स्कन्धे (locative singular)
स्कन्धयोः (dual locative)
स्कन्धेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কান্ধ (kandho)

Bengali: কাঁধ (kãdh)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄳𑄙 (kandhā), 𑄇𑄧𑄚𑄴𑄙 (kandhā)

Rohingya: hañdá

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠗ (xandó)

Pali: khandha

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀁𑀥 (khaṃdha)

Old Marathi: 𑘏𑘰𑘽𑘟 (khāṃda)

Marathi: खांदा (khāndā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੰਧ (kandh)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: कंधा (kandhā)

Urdu: کندھا (kandhā)

Nepali: काँध (kā̃dh)

→ English: skandha

→ Tamil: கந்து (kantu)

Perhaps from the root स्कन्द् (skand) (in the sense of “rising”), in which case from Proto-Indo-Aryan *skandʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skandʰás, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *skendʰ- (“to jump”). Cognate to Latin scandō (I climb).

der

(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being; aggregate, skandha


निन्दा

nindā́ (romanization)
निन्दा (nominative singular)
निन्दे (dual nominative)
निन्दाः (nominative plural)
निन्दे (singular vocative)
निन्दे (dual vocative)
निन्दाः (plural vocative)
निन्दाम् (accusative singular)
निन्दे (accusative dual)
निन्दाः (accusative plural)
निन्दया (instrumental singular)
निन्दा1 (instrumental singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निन्दाभिः (instrumental plural)
निन्दायै (dative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (dative plural)
निन्दायाः (ablative singular)
निन्दायै2 (ablative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
निन्दायाः (genitive singular)
निन्दायै2 (genitive singular)
निन्दयोः (dual genitive)
निन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
निन्दायाम् (locative singular)
निन्दयोः (dual locative)
निन्दासु (locative plural)

Pali: nindā

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇiṃdā)

→ Hindi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Kannada: ನಿಂದೆ (ninde)

→ Malayalam: നിന്ദ (ninda)

→ Marathi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿੰਦਾ (nindā)

→ Tamil: நிந்தை (nintai)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“criticism, abuse, reviling”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hatred, spite”), Latvian naids (“hatred”), Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “reproach”).

cog

(Buddhism) one of the eight worldly conditions


कुबेर

kubera (romanization)
कुबेरः (nominative singular)
कुबेरौ (dual nominative)
कुबेरा1 (dual nominative)
कुबेराः (nominative plural)
कुबेरासः1 (nominative plural)
कुबेर (singular vocative)
कुबेरौ (dual vocative)
कुबेरा1 (dual vocative)
कुबेराः (plural vocative)
कुबेरासः1 (plural vocative)
कुबेरम् (accusative singular)
कुबेरौ (accusative dual)
कुबेरा1 (accusative dual)
कुबेरान् (accusative plural)
कुबेरेण (instrumental singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुबेरैः (instrumental plural)
कुबेरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुबेराय (dative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुबेरात् (ablative singular)
कुबेराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुबेरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुबेरस्य (genitive singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual genitive)
कुबेराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुबेरे (locative singular)
कुबेरयोः (dual locative)
कुबेरेषु (locative plural)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Kubera, king of the Yakshas, god of wealth, and the guardian of the north direction.


आकाशवाणी

sa-noun

आकाशवाणी • (ākāśavāṇī) stem, f

ākāśavāṇī (romanization)
आकाशवाणी (nominative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual nominative)
आकाशवाण्यः (nominative plural)
आकाशवाणि (singular vocative)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual vocative)
आकाशवाण्यः (plural vocative)
आकाशवाणीम् (accusative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (accusative dual)
आकाशवाणीः (accusative plural)
आकाशवाण्या (instrumental singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकाशवाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
आकाशवाण्यै (dative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (ablative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (genitive singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual genitive)
आकाशवाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकाशवाण्याम् (locative singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual locative)
आकाशवाणीषु (locative plural)

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + वाणी (vāṇī, “voice”); the sense of radio originated in 1935 from Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi), which was coined by the founders of a Mysore radio station that would have the same name. It then was "back-borrowed" into Sanskrit, where it spread to other Indic languages which borrowed vocabulary, including the original sense of this word, from Sanskrit after it was adopted by All India Radio.

bor

Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi)


प्रत्यय

pratyaya (romanization)
प्रत्ययः (nominative singular)
प्रत्ययौ (dual nominative)
प्रत्यया1 (dual nominative)
प्रत्ययाः (nominative plural)
प्रत्ययासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रत्यय (singular vocative)
प्रत्ययौ (dual vocative)
प्रत्यया1 (dual vocative)
प्रत्ययाः (plural vocative)
प्रत्ययासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रत्ययम् (accusative singular)
प्रत्ययौ (accusative dual)
प्रत्यया1 (accusative dual)
प्रत्ययान् (accusative plural)
प्रत्ययेन (instrumental singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रत्ययैः (instrumental plural)
प्रत्ययेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रत्ययाय (dative singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रत्ययेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रत्ययात् (ablative singular)
प्रत्ययाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रत्ययेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रत्ययस्य (genitive singular)
प्रत्यययोः (dual genitive)
प्रत्ययानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रत्यये (locative singular)
प्रत्यययोः (dual locative)
प्रत्ययेषु (locative plural)

प्रति- (prati-, “towards”) + अय (aya, “going”), the latter component from इ (i, “to go”).

affix

(Buddhism, Jainism) fundamental notion or idea


शाक्यमुनि

śākyamuni (romanization)
शाक्यमुनिः (nominative singular)
शाक्यमुनी (dual nominative)
शाक्यमुनयः (nominative plural)
शाक्यमुने (singular vocative)
शाक्यमुनी (dual vocative)
शाक्यमुनयः (plural vocative)
शाक्यमुनिम् (accusative singular)
शाक्यमुनी (accusative dual)
शाक्यमुनीन् (accusative plural)
शाक्यमुनिना (instrumental singular)
शाक्यमुन्या1 (instrumental singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाक्यमुनिभिः (instrumental plural)
शाक्यमुनये (dative singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाक्यमुनिभ्यः (dative plural)
शाक्यमुनेः (ablative singular)
शाक्यमुन्यः1 (ablative singular)
शाक्यमुनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाक्यमुनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाक्यमुनेः (genitive singular)
शाक्यमुन्यः1 (genitive singular)
शाक्यमुन्योः (dual genitive)
शाक्यमुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
शाक्यमुनौ (locative singular)
शाक्यमुना1 (locative singular)
शाक्यमुन्योः (dual locative)
शाक्यमुनिषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀬𑀫𑀼𑀦𑀻 (sakyamunī)

→ Middle Chinese: 釋迦牟尼 (MC syek kja mjuw nrij) (see there for further descendants)

→ English: Sakyamuni, Shakyamuni

From शाक्य (śākya, “Shakya”) + मुनि (múni, “sage, ascetic”).


सङ्घ

saṅgha (romanization)
सङ्घः (nominative singular)
सङ्घौ (dual nominative)
सङ्घा1 (dual nominative)
सङ्घाः (nominative plural)
सङ्घासः1 (nominative plural)
सङ्घ (singular vocative)
सङ्घौ (dual vocative)
सङ्घा1 (dual vocative)
सङ्घाः (plural vocative)
सङ्घासः1 (plural vocative)
सङ्घम् (accusative singular)
सङ्घौ (accusative dual)
सङ्घा1 (accusative dual)
सङ्घान् (accusative plural)
सङ्घेन (instrumental singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सङ्घैः (instrumental plural)
सङ्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सङ्घाय (dative singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सङ्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
सङ्घात् (ablative singular)
सङ्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सङ्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सङ्घस्य (genitive singular)
सङ्घयोः (dual genitive)
सङ्घानाम् (genitive plural)
सङ्घे (locative singular)
सङ्घयोः (dual locative)
सङ्घेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: সঙ্ঘ (śoṅgho)

→ English: sangha

→ Hindi: संघ (saṅgh)

→ English: sanghi

→ Indonesian: sangga

Malayalam: സംഘ (saṅgha)

→ Marathi: संघ (saṅgha)

→ Nepali: संघ (saṅgha)

→ Odia: ସଙ୍ଘ (saṅgha)

→ Pali: saṅgha

→ Burmese: သံဃာ (samgha)

→ Indonesian: sangha

→ Khmer: សង្ឃ (sɑng)

→ Lao: ສົງ (song)

desc

→ Sinhalese: සංඝයා (saṁghayā), සංඝ (saṁgha)

→ Thai: สงฆ์ (sǒng)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆 (caṅkam)

→ Tamil: சங்கம் (caṅkam)

→ Chinese: 僧伽

→ Japanese: 僧伽

→ Korean: 승가 (seungga)

→ Vietnamese: tăng già


धर्मचक्र

dharmacakra (romanization)
धर्मचक्रम् (nominative singular)
धर्मचक्रे (dual nominative)
धर्मचक्राणि (nominative plural)
धर्मचक्रा1 (nominative plural)
धर्मचक्र (singular vocative)
धर्मचक्रे (dual vocative)
धर्मचक्राणि (plural vocative)
धर्मचक्रा1 (plural vocative)
धर्मचक्रम् (accusative singular)
धर्मचक्रे (accusative dual)
धर्मचक्राणि (accusative plural)
धर्मचक्रा1 (accusative plural)
धर्मचक्रेण (instrumental singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धर्मचक्रैः (instrumental plural)
धर्मचक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धर्मचक्राय (dative singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
धर्मचक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
धर्मचक्रात् (ablative singular)
धर्मचक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धर्मचक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धर्मचक्रस्य (genitive singular)
धर्मचक्रयोः (dual genitive)
धर्मचक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
धर्मचक्रे (locative singular)
धर्मचक्रयोः (dual locative)
धर्मचक्रेषु (locative plural)

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) the dharmachakra, the wheel of dharma


अशैक्षमार्ग

aśaikṣamārga (romanization)
अशैक्षमार्गः (nominative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (dual nominative)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (dual nominative)
अशैक्षमार्गाः (nominative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गासः1 (nominative plural)
अशैक्षमार्ग (singular vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (dual vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (dual vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गाः (plural vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गासः1 (plural vocative)
अशैक्षमार्गम् (accusative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गौ (accusative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गा1 (accusative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गान् (accusative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गेण (instrumental singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अशैक्षमार्गैः (instrumental plural)
अशैक्षमार्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अशैक्षमार्गाय (dative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गात् (ablative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अशैक्षमार्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अशैक्षमार्गस्य (genitive singular)
अशैक्षमार्गयोः (dual genitive)
अशैक्षमार्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
अशैक्षमार्गे (locative singular)
अशैक्षमार्गयोः (dual locative)
अशैक्षमार्गेषु (locative plural)

→ Tocharian B: aśaikṣamārg

→ Middle Chinese: (calque) 無學道 (MC mju haewk dawX)

/ɐ.ɕɑjk.ʂɐ.mɑːɾ.ɡɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of अशैक्ष (aśaikṣa, “no longer a pupil”) + मार्ग (mārga, “path; way”).

compound

अशैक्षमार्गे त्वाज्ञातमित्यवगम आज्ञातावः ।
aśaikṣamārge tvājñātamityavagama ājñātāvaḥ.
And in the path of the not-of-learning, knowing that (it is) known, such awareness is the ājñātāva.

c. 300 CE – 400 CE, Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 2.8

(Buddhism) the path of those no longer needing religious instruction


चक्रवर्तिन्

cakravartin (romanization)
चक्रवर्ती (nominative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिनः (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन् (singular vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनः (plural vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनम् (accusative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनौ (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिना1 (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनः (accusative plural)
चक्रवर्तिना (instrumental singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रवर्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
चक्रवर्तिने (dative singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रवर्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनः (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रवर्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनः (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिनोः (dual genitive)
चक्रवर्तिनाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रवर्तिनि (locative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनोः (dual locative)
चक्रवर्तिषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

desc

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺 (cakkavaṭṭi)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (cakkavatti)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨐𐨿𐨪𐨬𐨟𐨁 (cakravati)

Pali: cakkavattin

→ English: chakravartin

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: चक्रवर्ती (cakravartī)

چَکْرَوَرْتِی

Urdu: چَکْرَوَرْتِی (cakravartī)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: cakrawarti
Javanese: ꦕꦏꦿꦮꦂꦠꦶ (cakrawarti)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬓ᭄ᬭᬯᬃᬢᬶ (cakrawarti)

→ Malayalam: ചക്രവർത്തി (cakravaṟtti)

desc

சக்கிரவர்த்தி

→ Tamil: சக்கிரவர்த்தி (cakkiravartti)

→ Telugu: చక్రవర్తి (cakravarti)

/t͡ɕɐk.ɾɐ.ʋɐɾ.t̪in̪/

Compound of चक्र (cakra, “chakra, wheel”) + वर्तिन् (vartin, “turner”).

com+

अधर्मिष्ठाम् अचकथन् न कथाम् अकथङ्कतः ।
चक्रवर्तीव च परान् धर्मायाभ्युदसीषहत् ॥
adharmiṣṭhām acakathan na kathām akathaṅkataḥ.

c. 80 CE – 150 CE, Aśvaghoṣa, Saundarananda 2.32

He spoke not of impiety, nor the doubting and questioning,
And like a wheel-turning king, he inspired others to take up the duty to dharma.

cakravartīva ca parān dharmāyābhyudasīṣahat.

(historical, Hinduism, Buddhism) chakravartin, wheel-turner (in reference to the dharmachakra, world-ruler, upholder of dharma, a title taken by Indian emperors)


चक्रवर्तिनी

cakravartinī (romanization)
चक्रवर्तिनी (nominative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (dual nominative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यः (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनीः1 (nominative plural)
चक्रवर्तिनि (singular vocative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (dual vocative)
चक्रवर्तिन्यः (plural vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनीः1 (plural vocative)
चक्रवर्तिनीम् (accusative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यौ (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनी1 (accusative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीः (accusative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्या (instrumental singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्रवर्तिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै (dative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याः (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै2 (ablative singular)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्रवर्तिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याः (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्यै2 (genitive singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्योः (dual genitive)
चक्रवर्तिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
चक्रवर्तिन्याम् (locative singular)
चक्रवर्तिन्योः (dual locative)
चक्रवर्तिनीषु (locative plural)

Feminine of चक्रवर्तिन्.

(historical, Hinduism, Buddhism) wheel-turner (in reference to the dharmachakra), world-ruler (feminine), upholder of dharma, a title taken by Indian empresses


भङ्ग

bhaṅgá (romanization)
भङ्गः (nominative singular)
भङ्गौ (dual nominative)
भङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
भङ्गाः (nominative plural)
भङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
भङ्ग (singular vocative)
भङ्गौ (dual vocative)
भङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
भङ्गाः (plural vocative)
भङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)
भङ्गम् (accusative singular)
भङ्गौ (accusative dual)
भङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
भङ्गान् (accusative plural)
भङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
भङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
भङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भङ्गाय (dative singular)
भङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
भङ्गात् (ablative singular)
भङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
भङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
भङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
भङ्गे (locative singular)
भङ्गयोः (dual locative)
भङ्गेषु (locative plural)

→ English: bong

→ French: bang

→ Indonesian: bong

→ Lithuanian: bongas

→ Russian: бонг (bong)

→ Tamil: பங்கம் (paṅkam)

→ Thai: บ้อง (bɔ̂ng)

(Buddhism) the constant decay taking place in the universe, constant flux or change


आत्मवर्ग

→ Tocharian B: Ātmavarga

From आत्मन् (ātman, “self, own”) + वर्ग (varga, “division, chapter”).


आनापानस्मृति

sa-noun

आनापानस्मृति • (ānāpānasmṛti) stem, f

ānāpānasmṛti (romanization)
आनापानस्मृतिः (nominative singular)
आनापानस्मृती (dual nominative)
आनापानस्मृतयः (nominative plural)
आनापानस्मृते (singular vocative)
आनापानस्मृती (dual vocative)
आनापानस्मृतयः (plural vocative)
आनापानस्मृतिम् (accusative singular)
आनापानस्मृती (accusative dual)
आनापानस्मृतीः (accusative plural)
आनापानस्मृत्या (instrumental singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आनापानस्मृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आनापानस्मृतये (dative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्यै1 (dative singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आनापानस्मृतेः (ablative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याः1 (ablative singular)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आनापानस्मृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आनापानस्मृतेः (genitive singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याः1 (genitive singular)
आनापानस्मृत्योः (dual genitive)
आनापानस्मृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आनापानस्मृतौ (locative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्याम्1 (locative singular)
आनापानस्मृत्योः (dual locative)
आनापानस्मृतिषु (locative plural)

→ Tocharian B: ānāpānasmrti

Tatpuruṣa compound of आनापान (ānāpāna, “breath”) + स्मृति (smṛti, “remembrance”).

com

आनापानस्मृतिर्यस्य परिपूर्णा सुभाविता ।
अनुपूर्वं परिजिता यथा बुद्धेन देशिता ।
स इमं भासते लोकमभ्रमुक्त इव चन्द्रमाः ॥
ānāpānasmṛtiryasya paripūrṇā subhāvitā.
anupūrvaṃ parijitā yathā buddhena deśitā.

It is the teaching of the Buddha, that whoever has mindfulness of breathing, and who goes on through the different stages (of meditation), his mind well composed, will reach perfection, as the moon, when free from clouds, illuminate the whole world.

sa imaṃ bhāsate lokamabhramukta iva candramāḥ.

mindfulness of breathing (a meditation exercise)


शक्र

śakrá (romanization)
शक्रः (nominative singular)
शक्रौ (dual nominative)
शक्रा1 (dual nominative)
शक्राः (nominative plural)
शक्रासः1 (nominative plural)
शक्र (singular vocative)
शक्रौ (dual vocative)
शक्रा1 (dual vocative)
शक्राः (plural vocative)
शक्रासः1 (plural vocative)
शक्रम् (accusative singular)
शक्रौ (accusative dual)
शक्रा1 (accusative dual)
शक्रान् (accusative plural)
शक्रेण (instrumental singular)
शक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शक्रैः (instrumental plural)
शक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शक्राय (dative singular)
शक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
शक्रात् (ablative singular)
शक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शक्रस्य (genitive singular)
शक्रयोः (dual genitive)
शक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शक्रे (locative singular)
शक्रयोः (dual locative)
शक्रेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sakka

Prakrit: सक्क (sakka)

From the root शक् (śak, “to be strong, powerful, capable”) + -र (-ra, “adjectival suffix”).

sa-root

(Buddhism) Śakra (Buddhism equivalent of Indra)


तथागत

tathāgata (romanization)
तथागतः (nominative singular)
तथागतौ (dual nominative)
तथागता1 (dual nominative)
तथागताः (nominative plural)
तथागतासः1 (nominative plural)
तथागत (singular vocative)
तथागतौ (dual vocative)
तथागता1 (dual vocative)
तथागताः (plural vocative)
तथागतासः1 (plural vocative)
तथागतम् (accusative singular)
तथागतौ (accusative dual)
तथागता1 (accusative dual)
तथागतान् (accusative plural)
तथागतेन (instrumental singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तथागतैः (instrumental plural)
तथागतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तथागताय (dative singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (dative dual)
तथागतेभ्यः (dative plural)
तथागतात् (ablative singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तथागतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तथागतस्य (genitive singular)
तथागतयोः (dual genitive)
तथागतानाम् (genitive plural)
तथागते (locative singular)
तथागतयोः (dual locative)
तथागतेषु (locative plural)

/t̪ɐ.t̪ʰɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/

The Buddhist term was possibly borrowed from the Prakrit language of the early Buddhist community, but this is uncertain. The term (in any language) might have been "pre-Buddhistic", and there have been various surface analyses, often entwined with philosophical intricacies. In borrowing languages such as Chinese, it is analysed as तथा (tathā, “thus, in that manner”) + आगत (āgata, “come”, past passive participle). It may also be analysed as तथा (tathā) + गत (gata, “gone; gone to a certain state or condition”) according to Monier Williams. Cognate with Pali tathāgata.

com

ननूक्तं कुलपुत्र तथागतेनाशिक्षितो न परिभवितव्य इति ।
nanūktaṃ kulaputra tathāgatenāśikṣito na paribhavitavya iti.

c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 9.3

Hasn't it been said after the Tathāgata, O noble prince, that the unlearned is not to be slighted?

(Buddhism) tathagata (an appellation for Buddhas, especially the Gautama Buddha)


वैरोचन

/ʋɑːj.ɾɐw.t͡ɕɐ.nɐ́/

/ʋɑj.ɾoː.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of विरोचन (virócana, “the sun; giver of light”); i.e. "pertaining to virocana".


अवीचि

avīci (romanization)
अवीचिः (nominative singular)
अवीची (dual nominative)
अवीचयः (nominative plural)
अवीचे (singular vocative)
अवीची (dual vocative)
अवीचयः (plural vocative)
अवीचिम् (accusative singular)
अवीची (accusative dual)
अवीचीन् (accusative plural)
अवीचिना (instrumental singular)
अवीच्या1 (instrumental singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवीचिभिः (instrumental plural)
अवीचये (dative singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवीचिभ्यः (dative plural)
अवीचेः (ablative singular)
अवीच्यः1 (ablative singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवीचिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवीचेः (genitive singular)
अवीच्यः1 (genitive singular)
अवीच्योः (dual genitive)
अवीचीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवीचौ (locative singular)
अवीचा1 (locative singular)
अवीच्योः (dual locative)
अवीचिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Chinese: 阿鼻 (ābí)
→ Japanese: 阿鼻 (abi)

→ Thai: อเวจี (à-wee-jii)

From a derivative of अवाञ्च् (avāñc, “turned downwards; lower than”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a particular hell: Avici


पञ्चशील

pañcaśīla (romanization)
पञ्चशीलम् (nominative singular)
पञ्चशीले (dual nominative)
पञ्चशीलानि (nominative plural)
पञ्चशीला1 (nominative plural)
पञ्चशील (singular vocative)
पञ्चशीले (dual vocative)
पञ्चशीलानि (plural vocative)
पञ्चशीला1 (plural vocative)
पञ्चशीलम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चशीले (accusative dual)
पञ्चशीलानि (accusative plural)
पञ्चशीला1 (accusative plural)
पञ्चशीलेन (instrumental singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चशीलैः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चशीलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पञ्चशीलाय (dative singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चशीलेभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चशीलात् (ablative singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चशीलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चशीलस्य (genitive singular)
पञ्चशीलयोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चशीलानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चशीले (locative singular)
पञ्चशीलयोः (dual locative)
पञ्चशीलेषु (locative plural)

Hindi: पंचशील (pañcśīl)
→ English: Panchsheel

Pali: pañcasīla

desc

→ Khmer: បញ្ចសីល (bɑɑñcɑɑsəyl)

→ Khmer: បញ្ចសីល (bɑɑñcɑɑsəyl)

→ Burmese: ပဉ္စသီလ (panyca.sila.)

→ Sinhalese: පන්සිල් (pansil)

→ Thai: เบญจศีล

→ Thai: เบญจศีล

→ Indonesian: Pancasila

→ Javanese: ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦯꦷꦭ (panycashīla)

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ɕiː.lɐ́/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ɕiː.l̪ɐ/

From पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”) + शील (śīla, “principle”).

com

(Buddhism) the Five Precepts of Buddhism.


यक्षिणी

sa-noun

यक्षिणी • (yakṣíṇī) stem, f

yakṣíṇī (romanization)
यक्षिणी (nominative singular)
यक्षिण्यौ (dual nominative)
यक्षिणी1 (dual nominative)
यक्षिण्यः (nominative plural)
यक्षिणीः1 (nominative plural)
यक्षिणि (singular vocative)
यक्षिण्यौ (dual vocative)
यक्षिणी1 (dual vocative)
यक्षिण्यः (plural vocative)
यक्षिणीः1 (plural vocative)
यक्षिणीम् (accusative singular)
यक्षिण्यौ (accusative dual)
यक्षिणी1 (accusative dual)
यक्षिणीः (accusative plural)
यक्षिण्या (instrumental singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्षिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
यक्षिण्यै (dative singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्षिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्षिण्याः (ablative singular)
यक्षिण्यै2 (ablative singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्षिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्षिण्याः (genitive singular)
यक्षिण्यै2 (genitive singular)
यक्षिण्योः (dual genitive)
यक्षिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
यक्षिण्याम् (locative singular)
यक्षिण्योः (dual locative)
यक्षिणीषु (locative plural)

Bengali: যক্ষিণী (jokkhini)

English: yakshini

Hindi: यक्षिणी (yakṣiṇī)

Malayalam: യക്ഷി (yakṣi)

Pali: yakkhiṇī, yakkhī

Burmese: ယက္ခီ (yakhki)

Punjabi: ਯਾਕਸ਼ਿਨੀ (yākśinī)

Tamil: யட்சினி (yaṭciṉi)

Thai: ยักษิณี (yák-sì-nii)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a female yaksha; a supernatural being, spiritual apparition, spirit, ghost


काश्यप

→ Tocharian B: Kāśyap (learned)

Sanskritisation of Pali Kassapa, itself from Sanskrit कश्यप (kaśyapa).

(Buddhism) Kassapa, one of the ancient Buddhas


महाकाश्यप

head

महाकाश्यप • (mahākāśyapa)

→ Tocharian B: Kāśyape

Learned borrowing from Pali Mahākassapa.

(Buddhism) Maha Kassapa, one of Ten Principal Disciples of Gautama Buddha


कुम्भाण्ड

→ English: kumbhanda (learned)

desc

→ Chinese: 鳩槃荼 /鸠槃荼 (jiūpántú) (learned)

→ Tocharian B: kumbhāṃṇḍe (learned)

Probably from कुम्भाण्डी (kumbhāṇḍī, “gourd”), due to the beings' short, misshapen bodies. Compare Pali kumbhaṇḍa.

(Buddhism) a type of dwarfish, deformed, lesser spirits in Buddhist mythology.

sa:कुम्भाण्ड


जेतवन

→ Japanese: 祇園 (Gion) (calque)

Compound of जेत (jeta, “Jeta”, name of a prince) + वन (vana, “grove”).

com+

(Buddhism) the name of a grove near Śrāvastī (where the Buddha promulgated his doctrines).


स्थविरवाद

sthaviravāda (romanization)
स्थविरवादम् (nominative singular)
स्थविरवादे (dual nominative)
स्थविरवादानि (nominative plural)
स्थविरवाद (singular vocative)
स्थविरवादे (dual vocative)
स्थविरवादानि (plural vocative)
स्थविरवादम् (accusative singular)
स्थविरवादे (accusative dual)
स्थविरवादानि (accusative plural)
स्थविरवादेन (instrumental singular)
स्थविरवादाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थविरवादैः (instrumental plural)
स्थविरवादाय (dative singular)
स्थविरवादाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थविरवादेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थविरवादात् (ablative singular)
स्थविरवादाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थविरवादेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थविरवादस्य (genitive singular)
स्थविरवादयोः (dual genitive)
स्थविरवादानाम् (genitive plural)
स्थविरवादे (locative singular)
स्थविरवादयोः (dual locative)
स्थविरवादेषु (locative plural)

Pali: theravāda

/s̪t̪ʰɐ.ʋi.ɾɐ.ʋɑː.d̪ɐ/

Compound of स्थविर (sthavira, “elder”) + वाद (vāda, “doctrine”).

(Buddhism) Theravada, a sect of Buddhism, whose teachings are based on the Buddha's scriptures in the Pali canon, widely practised in Southeast Asia, mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. It tends to be conservative in contrast to the more liberal Mahayana, rejects reliance on celestial beings, and teaches non-universal salvation.


वज्रयान

vajrayāna (romanization)
वज्रयाणम् (nominative singular)
वज्रयाणे (dual nominative)
वज्रयाणानि (nominative plural)
वज्रयाण (singular vocative)
वज्रयाणे (dual vocative)
वज्रयाणानि (plural vocative)
वज्रयाणम् (accusative singular)
वज्रयाणे (accusative dual)
वज्रयाणानि (accusative plural)
वज्रयाणेन (instrumental singular)
वज्रयाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वज्रयाणैः (instrumental plural)
वज्रयाणाय (dative singular)
वज्रयाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वज्रयाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
वज्रयाणात् (ablative singular)
वज्रयाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वज्रयाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वज्रयाणस्य (genitive singular)
वज्रयाणयोः (dual genitive)
वज्रयाणानाम् (genitive plural)
वज्रयाणे (locative singular)
वज्रयाणयोः (dual locative)
वज्रयाणेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: বজ্রযান (bojrojan)

→ English: Vajrayana

→ Hindi: वज्रयान (vajrayān)

/ʋɐd͡ʑ.ɾɐ.jɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of वज्र (vajra, “thunderbolt, diamond”) + यान (yāna, “vehicle”).


मञ्जुश्री

sa-proper noun

मञ्जुश्री • (mañjuśrī) stem, m

→ Chinese: 文殊師利 /文殊师利 (Wénshūshīlì)

(Buddhism) Mañjuśrī (one of the most celebrated Bodhisattvas among the northern Buddhists) (MWB.:195 etc.)


स्थविर

sthávira (romanization)
स्थविरः (nominative singular)
स्थविरौ (dual nominative)
स्थविरा1 (dual nominative)
स्थविराः (nominative plural)
स्थविरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्थविर (singular vocative)
स्थविरौ (dual vocative)
स्थविरा1 (dual vocative)
स्थविराः (plural vocative)
स्थविरासः1 (plural vocative)
स्थविरम् (accusative singular)
स्थविरौ (accusative dual)
स्थविरा1 (accusative dual)
स्थविरान् (accusative plural)
स्थविरेण (instrumental singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थविरैः (instrumental plural)
स्थविरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्थविराय (dative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थविरात् (ablative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थविरस्य (genitive singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual genitive)
स्थविराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्थविरे (locative singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual locative)
स्थविरेषु (locative plural)

/s̪t̪ʰɐ.ʋi.ɾɐ/

Reflects Proto-Indo-European *stéwh₂ros, metathesized from *stéh₂uros, but with aspiration presumedly transferred from zero-grade forms in *sth₂u- of the original stem *steh₂-w-, of which *stewh₂- is a metathetic variant (*स्तविर (stavira) would otherwise be expected). Related to स्थूर (sthūra, “strong, thick”); see there for more.

(Buddhism) an Elder (title of the oldest and most venerable Bhikṣus) (MWB. pg. 184, 255 etc.)


अञ्जलि

añjalí (romanization)
अन्जलिः (nominative singular)
अन्जली (dual nominative)
अन्जलयः (nominative plural)
अन्जले (singular vocative)
अन्जली (dual vocative)
अन्जलयः (plural vocative)
अन्जलिम् (accusative singular)
अन्जली (accusative dual)
अन्जलीन् (accusative plural)
अन्जलिना (instrumental singular)
अन्जल्या1 (instrumental singular)
अन्जलिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्जलिभिः (instrumental plural)
अन्जलये (dative singular)
अन्जलिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्जलिभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्जलेः (ablative singular)
अन्जल्यः1 (ablative singular)
अन्जलिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्जलिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्जलेः (genitive singular)
अन्जल्यः1 (genitive singular)
अन्जल्योः (dual genitive)
अन्जलीनाम् (genitive plural)
अन्जलौ (locative singular)
अन्जला1 (locative singular)
अन्जल्योः (dual locative)
अन्जलिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: anzal

Arabic script: اَنزَل

Devanagari script: अन्ज़ल

Khowar: اَنجیل (anǰíl)

desctree

Pali: añjali
→ Burmese: အဉ္ဇလီ (anyja.li)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀚𑀮𑀻 (aṃjalī)

Central:

desc

Hindustani: añjal, añjul, añjlā, añjlī, añjulī

Hindi: अंजल, अंजुल, अंजला, अंजली, अंजुली

Urdu: اَنجَل, اَنجُل, اَنجْلا, اَنجْلی, اَنجُلی

Eastern:

Assamese: আঁজলি (ãzoli)

Bengali: আঁজুলি (ãjuli), আঁজলা (ãjola)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: अँजुरी (ãjurī)

Odia: ଆଞ୍ଜୁଳି (āñjuḷi), ଅଞ୍ଜୁଳି (añjuḷi), ଆଞ୍ଜୁଳା (āñjuḷā), ଅଞ୍ଜୁଳା (añjuḷā)

Northern:

Kumaoni: अँजुली (ā̃julī), आँचुली (ā̃culī), अँज्वाल (ãjwāl), आँजुइ (ā̃j̈ui), आँचुइ (ā̃ċui)

Nepali: अँजुलि (ãjuli), अँजुलो (ãjulo)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: añjlī

Gurmukhi script: ਅੰਜਲੀ

Shahmukhi script: انجلی

Southern:

Marathi: अंजळी (añjḷī)

Sinhalese: ඇදිල්ල (ædilla)

Western:

Gujarati: અંજળી (añjaḷī)

→ Hindi: अंजलि (añjli) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಂಜಲಿ (añjali) (learned)

→ Malayalam: അഞ്ജലി (añjali), അഞ്ഞലി (aññali)

→ Marathi: अंजलि (añjli) (learned)

→ Nepali: अञ्जलि (añjali) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අංජලිය (aṁjaliya)

→ Tamil: அஞ்சலி (añcali) (learned)

→ Telugu: అంజలి (añjali) (learned)

/ɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.lí/

From the root अञ्ज् (añj, “to honour, celebrate”).

sa-root

कदा निलिम्पनिर्झरीनिकुञ्जकोटरे वसन्
विमुक्तदुर्मतिः सदा शिरःस्थम् अञ्जलिं वहन् ।
विमुक्तलोललोचनो ललामभाललग्नकः
शिवेति मन्त्रम् उच्चरन् कदा सुखी भवाम्य् अहम् ॥
kadā nilimpanirjharīnikuñjakoṭare vasan
vimuktadurmatiḥ sadā śiraḥstham añjaliṃ vahan.
vimuktalolalocano lalāmabhālalagnakaḥ
śiveti mantram uccaran kadā sukhī bhavāmy aham.
When will I be living in a dwelling cave near Ganga;
Carrying the Añjali Mudrā on my head;
Free from greedy eyes and with forehead marked [with the auspicious Tripuṇḍra];

Uttering the mantra ‘Śiva’, when will I be happy.

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Añjali Mudrā (the gesture with open hands placed side by side and slightly hollowed (as if by a beggar to receive food))


प्लक्षद्वीप

plakṣadvīpá (romanization)
प्लक्षद्वीपः (nominative singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपौ (dual nominative)
प्लक्षद्वीपा1 (dual nominative)
प्लक्षद्वीपाः (nominative plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपासः1 (nominative plural)
प्लक्षद्वीप (singular vocative)
प्लक्षद्वीपौ (dual vocative)
प्लक्षद्वीपा1 (dual vocative)
प्लक्षद्वीपाः (plural vocative)
प्लक्षद्वीपासः1 (plural vocative)
प्लक्षद्वीपम् (accusative singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपौ (accusative dual)
प्लक्षद्वीपा1 (accusative dual)
प्लक्षद्वीपान् (accusative plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्लक्षद्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपाय (dative singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्लक्षद्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपात् (ablative singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्लक्षद्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
प्लक्षद्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
प्लक्षद्वीपे (locative singular)
प्लक्षद्वीपयोः (dual locative)
प्लक्षद्वीपेषु (locative plural)

Compound of प्लक्ष (plakṣa, “fig”) + द्वीप (dvīpá, “island”).

com+

(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Plakshadvipa one of the seven regions of the Earth.


च्युत

च्यु ॒त (canonical)
cyutá (romanization)
च्यु (root)
च्युतः (nominative singular)
च्युतौ (dual nominative)
च्युता1 (dual nominative)
च्युताः (nominative plural)
च्युतासः1 (nominative plural)
च्युत (singular vocative)
च्युतौ (dual vocative)
च्युता1 (dual vocative)
च्युताः (plural vocative)
च्युतासः1 (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युतौ (accusative dual)
च्युता1 (accusative dual)
च्युतान् (accusative plural)
च्युतेन (instrumental singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युतैः (instrumental plural)
च्युतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
च्युताय (dative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युतेभ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतात् (ablative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतस्य (genitive singular)
च्युतयोः (dual genitive)
च्युतानाम् (genitive plural)
च्युते (locative singular)
च्युतयोः (dual locative)
च्युतेषु (locative plural)
च्युता (nominative singular)
च्युते (dual nominative)
च्युताः (nominative plural)
च्युते (singular vocative)
च्युते (dual vocative)
च्युताः (plural vocative)
च्युताम् (accusative singular)
च्युते (accusative dual)
च्युताः (accusative plural)
च्युतया (instrumental singular)
च्युता1 (instrumental singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युताभिः (instrumental plural)
च्युतायै (dative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युताभ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतायाः (ablative singular)
च्युतायै2 (ablative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युताभ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतायाः (genitive singular)
च्युतायै2 (genitive singular)
च्युतयोः (dual genitive)
च्युतानाम् (genitive plural)
च्युतायाम् (locative singular)
च्युतयोः (dual locative)
च्युतासु (locative plural)
च्युतम् (nominative singular)
च्युते (dual nominative)
च्युतानि (nominative plural)
च्युता1 (nominative plural)
च्युत (singular vocative)
च्युते (dual vocative)
च्युतानि (plural vocative)
च्युता1 (plural vocative)
च्युतम् (accusative singular)
च्युते (accusative dual)
च्युतानि (accusative plural)
च्युता1 (accusative plural)
च्युतेन (instrumental singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
च्युतैः (instrumental plural)
च्युतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
च्युताय (dative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (dative dual)
च्युतेभ्यः (dative plural)
च्युतात् (ablative singular)
च्युताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
च्युतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
च्युतस्य (genitive singular)
च्युतयोः (dual genitive)
च्युतानाम् (genitive plural)
च्युते (locative singular)
च्युतयोः (dual locative)
च्युतेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 (cukka, “fallen, erred, forgotten”)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀘𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (cukkaï) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyutás
Sanskrit च्युत (cyuta)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čyutás, from Proto-Indo-European *kyu-tós, from *kyew- (“to set in motion”). By surface analysis, च्यु (cyu, root) + -त (-ta).

surf

come forth from, dropped from, fallen (from)

(Buddhism, Jainism) fallen from divinity


निरय

niraya (romanization)
निरयः (nominative singular)
निरयौ (dual nominative)
निरयाः (nominative plural)
निरय (singular vocative)
निरयौ (dual vocative)
निरयाः (plural vocative)
निरयम् (accusative singular)
निरयौ (accusative dual)
निरयान् (accusative plural)
निरयेण (instrumental singular)
निरयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निरयैः (instrumental plural)
निरयाय (dative singular)
निरयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निरयेभ्यः (dative plural)
निरयात् (ablative singular)
निरयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निरयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निरयस्य (genitive singular)
निरययोः (dual genitive)
निरयाणाम् (genitive plural)
निरये (locative singular)
निरययोः (dual locative)
निरयेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: niraya
→ Burmese: ငရဲ (nga.rai:)
→ Khmer: និរៃ (nirɨy)
→ Sinhalese: නිරය (niraya)
→ Thai: นิรยะ (ní-rá-yá)

निस् (nis, “out”) + अय (aya, “going [towards destruction]”), the second part from इ (i, “to go”).