न

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *né. Cognate with Latin ne, English no.


सह

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sadʰá, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥dʰé, from *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”) (whence स- (sa-)) + *-dʰe (locative suffix). See also सध- (sadha-).
The noun and derived forms come from the particle, probably etymologically "one who is with (another person)".

सह (saha) + अध्ययन (adhyayana, “studying”) → सहाध्ययन (sahādhyayana, “studying together, companionship in study”)

सह (saha) + चर (cara, “going”) → सहचर (sahacara, “accompanying”)

सह (saha) + पूर्वाह्ण (pūrvāhṇa, “forenoon”) → सहपूर्वाह्णम् (sahapūrvāhṇam, “simulatenously with the beginning of forenoon”)

(prefixed forming adverbs of time) at the same time or simultaneously with


स

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“whole, all, together (with)”), from the root *sem-.

inh

an inseparable prefix expressing "junction", "conjunction", "possession" (as opposed to a privative), "similarity", "equality"

सकोप (sa-kopa)

साग्नि (sā*gni)

सभार्य (sa-bhārya)

सद्रोण (sa-droṇa) — with a droṇa added to a droṇa

सधर्मन् (sa-dharman)

सवर्ण (sa-varṇa)

having the same colour or appearance, similar, like

when compounded with nouns to form adjectives and adverbs it may be translated by "with", "together or along with", "accompanied by", "added to", "having", "possessing", "containing", "having the same"


अप-

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo. Cognate with Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (apa, “away”), Avestan 𐬀𐬞𐬀 (apa), Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu), Latin ab (“from”), Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”), Proto-Slavic *po.


श्री

head

श्री • (śrī)

→ Assamese: শ্রী

→ Bengali: শ্রী (sri)

→ Burmese: သီရိ (siri.)

→ Gujarati: શ્રી (śrī)

→ Hindi: श्री (śrī)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śrī
> Javanese: ꦱꦿꦶ (sri) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬰ᭄ᬭᬶ (sri)

Indonesian: sri

→ Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ (śrī)

→ Khmer: ស្រី (srəy), សិរី (serəy)

→ Malay: seri

→ Malayalam: ശ്രീ (śrī)

→ Nepali: श्री (śrī)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘲 (śrī)

Marathi: श्री (śrī)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀼 (tiru)
Malayalam: തിരു (tiru)
Tamil: திரு (tiru)

→ Odia: ଶ୍ରୀ (śri)

→ Punjabi: شری (śrī), ਸ਼੍ਰੀ (śrī)

→ Sinhalese: ශ්රී (śrī)

→ Tamil: ஶ்ரீ (śrī)

→ Telugu: శ్రీ (śrī)

→ Thai: ศรี (sǐi)

→ Urdu: سری (srī)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás with apocopation, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás. Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬭𐬀 (srīra). Doublet of श्रील (śrīlá) and श्रीर (śrīrá)

inh+

e.g. श्रीदुर्गा (śrī-durgā), श्रीराम (śrī-rāma)

honorific prefix appended to certain names to mean "sacred" or "holy"

e.g. श्रीजयदेव (śrī-jayadeva)

used as a respectful title (like "Reverend") to the names of eminent persons as well as of celebrated works and sacred objects


अ-

Ashokan Prakrit:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi:

Marathi: अन- (an-)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindi: अन- (an-)

Urdu: انـ (an-)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अ- (a-)

Urdu: اـ (a-)

→ Marathi: अ- (a-)

→ Nepali: अ- (a-), अन- (an-)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-. Compare Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-).


अ-

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Há-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é (“and then”). Cognate to Phrygian ε- (e-), Ancient Greek ἐ- (e-).

Used in the formation of imperfect, aorist and conditional tenses.


नि

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ní, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ní, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni (thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬌 (ni), German nieder, English nether, beneath.


द्वि

head

द्वि • (dvi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-. See द्व (dva) for more.


सु-

Pali: su-

→ Assamese: সু- (xu-)

→ Bengali: সু- (śu-)

→ Burmese: သု (su.)

→ Gujarati: સુ- (su-)

→ Hindi: सु- (su-)

→ Javanese: ꦱꦸ- (su-)

→ Kannada: ಸು- (su-)

→ Odia: ସୁ- (su-)

→ Old Marathi: सु- (su-)

Marathi: सु- (su-)

→ Punjabi: ਸੁ- (su-)

→ Telugu: సు- (su-)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

etymon

सु- (su-) + गन्ध (gandha, “smell”) → सुगन्ध (sugandha, “good smell, perfume”)


శ్రీ

head

శ్రీ • (śrī́)


दुस्-

dus- (romanization)
दुः- (alternative)
दुर्- (alternative)
दुश्- (alternative)
दुष्- (alternative)
दू- (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dews-?
Proto-Indo-European *dus-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-
Sanskrit दुस्- (dus-)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult”), Old Armenian տ- (t-, a negative prefix), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-); Old Irish do-.

cog

दुस्- (dus-) + कर्म (karma, “act, action”) → दुष्कर्म (duṣkarma, “evil act”)

badly, hardly; slight, inferior, etc., often = English in- or un-.


उप-

→ Hindi: उप- (up-)

→ Punjabi: ਉਪ- (upa-)

→ Sindhi: اُپَـ (upa-)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *upa-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upa-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, below”).


वि-

→ Hindi: वि- (vi-)

→ Malayalam: വി- (vi-)

→ Marathi: वि- (vi-)

Pali: vi-

Romani: bi

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“apart, away”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (nawi, “not yet”), Old English wiþ (whence English with). Prefixal form of वि (vi).

cog

वि- (vi-) + फल (phala, “fruit, result”) → विफल (viphala, “fruitless, useless”)

Prefix to verbs or nouns and other parts of speech derived from verbs, to express division, distinction, distribution, arrangement, order, opposition, or deliberation.


परि-

pari- (romanization)
पलि- (alternative rare)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-der.
Sanskrit परि- (pari-)
From the preposition परि (pari).


अभि-

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí.

inh+

(a prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) to, towards, into, over, upon

a prefix to verbs and nouns; expressing; a prefix to verbs and nouns; expressing

to, towards, in the direction of, against

on, upon, with regard to, by, before, in front of


प्र-

→ Bengali: প্র- (pro-) (learned)

→ Hindi: प्र- (pra-) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: pra-

→ Indonesian: pra- (learned)

→ Malay: pra- (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.


नष्ट-

head

नष्ट- • (naṣṭa-)


अनु-

Pali: anu-

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀡𑀼- (aṇu-)

→ Hindi: अनु- (anu-)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hánu
Sanskrit अनु- (anu-)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ánu (“after; following”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬎 (anu, “after; corresponding to”) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎵𐎺 (a-nu-v /anuv/).

cog

अनु- (anu-) + ज (ja, “born”) → अनुज (anuja, “younger brother”), literally “born along/after”

अनु- (anu-) + भव (bhava, “being”) → अनुभव (anubhava, “experience”), literally “being near”


निर्

head

निर् • (nir)

Combining form of निस् (nis), before vowels and voiced consonants


परा-

denotes the opposite, far, distant, beyond


नि-

prefix form of नि (ni, “down, back, in”)


निर्-

Combining form of निस्- (nis-), before vowels and voiced consonants


निस्-

निस्- • (nís)

nís (romanization)
निर्- (alternative)
नी- (alternative)

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *nis (“out, away”). Cognate with Old Avestan 𐬥𐬍𐬱 (nīš), Old Church Slavonic нищь (ništĭ, “poor”).


सं-

Combining form of सम्- (sam-), before consonants


सम्-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sem-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-
Sanskrit सम्- (sam-)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sam-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”). Compare Middle Persian hm (ham-), Persian همـ (ham-) and Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”) (whence English syn-). Compare also English same, some.

cog

with, together with, along with, together, altogether


निष्-

head

निष्- • (niṣ-)

Combining form of निस् (nis), before the consonants क, ख, प and फ


उद्-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *úd
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-
Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. Cognate with English out.


𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀻

head

𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀻 • (śrī́)


শ্রী

শ্রী • (śrī́)


શ્રી

શ્રી • (śrī́)


ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷ

ᬰ᭄ᬭᬷ • (śrī́)


ꦯꦿꦷ

ꦯꦿꦷ • (śrī́)


শ্ৰী

শ্ৰী • (śrī́)


𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱

𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖱 • (śrī́)


𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍀

𑌶𑍍𑌰𑍀 • (śrī́)


ಶ್ರೀ

ಶ್ರೀ • (śrī́)


ឝ្រី

ឝ្រី • (śrī́)


ศฺรี

ศฺรี • (śrī́)


ཤྲཱི

ཤྲཱི • (shrī)


ၐြီ

ၐြီ • (śrī́)


ശ്രീ

ശ്രീ • (śrī́)


आ-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Sanskrit आ (ā)
Sanskrit आ- (ā-)
From the postposition/preposition आ (ā́).

etymon

आ- (ā-) + नील (nīla, “dark”) → आनील (ānīla, “darkish”)

implies diminution when prefixed to adjectives


अव-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa
Sanskrit अव (ava)
Sanskrit अव- (ava-)
From अव (ava), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew.


पुनः-

punaḥ- (romanization)
पुनर्- (alternative)


दुष्-

head

दुष्- • (duṣ-)


ஶ்ரீ

ஶ்ரீ • (śrī́)


ଶ୍ରୀ

ଶ୍ରୀ • (śrī́)


ਸ਼੍ਰੀ

ਸ਼੍ਰੀ • (śrī́)


अन्-

From Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not, un-”) when followed by laryngeal and a vowel: that is, in an open syllable of the *n̥HV- form. Compare Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).


𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰱

𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰱 • (śrī́)


ຨ຺ຣີ

ຨ຺ຣີ • (śrī́)


𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘲

𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘲 • (śrī́)


ᠱᠷᠢᠢ

ᠱᠷᠢᠢ • (šrii)


ᡧᡵᡳᡳ

ᡧᡵᡳᡳ • (šrii)


𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧓

𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧓 • (śrī́)


𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐷

𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐷 • (śrī́)


ꢯ꣄ꢬꢷ

ꢯ꣄ꢬꢷ • (śrī́)


𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆵

𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆵 • (śrī́)


ශ්රී

ශ්රී • (śrī́)


𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒲

𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒲 • (śrī́)


𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂲

𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂲 • (śrī́)


𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊

𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨁𑨊 • (śrī́)


𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚯

𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚯 • (śrī́)


𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛

𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩑𑩛 • (śrī́)


कु-

According to Monier-Williams, of the same origin as कू (kū, “where”) as in कुत्र (kutra), ultimately formed from the interrogative pronoun stem *kʷ- as in *kʷos, *kʷís. See कु (ku).

कु- (ku-) + ख्याति (khyāti, “repute”) → कुख्याति (kukhyāti, “ill-repute”)

mal-, ill-, mis-; a prefix implying deterioration, depreciation, deficiency, want, littleness, hindrance, reproach, contempt, guilt


अपि-

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hápi
Sanskrit अपि- (api-)
See अपि (api). Cognate to English by- and Ancient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-).

etymon

अपि- (api-) + कर्ण (karṇa, “ear”) → अपिकर्ण (apikarṇa, “ears-region”)


पलि-

(very rare) Alternative form of परि- (pari-)