अन्तर

ántara (romanization)
अन्तरम् (nominative singular)
अन्तरे (dual nominative)
अन्तराणि (nominative plural)
अन्तरा1 (nominative plural)
अन्तर (singular vocative)
अन्तरे (dual vocative)
अन्तराणि (plural vocative)
अन्तरा1 (plural vocative)
अन्तरम् (accusative singular)
अन्तरे (accusative dual)
अन्तराणि (accusative plural)
अन्तरा1 (accusative plural)
अन्तरेण (instrumental singular)
अन्तराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्तरैः (instrumental plural)
अन्तरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अन्तराय (dative singular)
अन्तराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्तरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्तरात् (ablative singular)
अन्तराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्तरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्तरस्य (genitive singular)
अन्तरयोः (dual genitive)
अन्तराणाम् (genitive plural)
अन्तरे (locative singular)
अन्तरयोः (dual locative)
अन्तरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: antara

Early Assamese: আন্তৰ (antoro)

Assamese: আঁতৰ (ãtor)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਅੰਦਰ (andar, “inside, interior”)

→ Bengali: অন্তর (ontor) (learned)

→ Old Gujarati: अंतर (aṃtara)

→ Hindi: अंतर (antar) (learned)

→ Malay: antara

Indonesian: antara

→ Punjabi: ਅੰਤਰ (antar) (learned)

→ Romani: andre

/ˈɐn̪.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hántaras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hántaras, from a merger of two Proto-Indo-European adjectives with different initial laryngeals:
* *h₁énteros (“inner; what is inside”), derived from the adverb *h₁entér (“between”), whence also अन्तर् (antár). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”), Old Latin *interos (whence Latin interior (“inner, interior”), intrā (“inside, within”)), Venetic 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌓𐌀 (antra, “within”), Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine, bowel, belly”) and Old Armenian ընդերք (ənderkʻ, “entrails”). Compare English inner and innards for similar formations. See also अन्त्र (ántra).
* *h₂énteros (“other, beyond, second”), from a lost adverb *h₂entér. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀 (aṇtara), Ossetian ӕндӕ́р (ændǽr, “other, different, else”), Lithuanian añtras (“second, secondary”), Old Latin *anteros (whence Latin anterior (“foremost; former”, comparative)) and Proto-Germanic *anþeraz (“other, second”), whence English other.

cog

the interior part of a thing, the contents

देशान्तरम् (deśā*ntaram)

(at the end of a compound) different, other, another


आचार

ācāra (romanization)
आचारः (nominative singular)
आचारौ (dual nominative)
आचारा1 (dual nominative)
आचाराः (nominative plural)
आचारासः1 (nominative plural)
आचार (singular vocative)
आचारौ (dual vocative)
आचारा1 (dual vocative)
आचाराः (plural vocative)
आचारासः1 (plural vocative)
आचारम् (accusative singular)
आचारौ (accusative dual)
आचारा1 (accusative dual)
आचारान् (accusative plural)
आचारेण (instrumental singular)
आचाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आचारैः (instrumental plural)
आचारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आचाराय (dative singular)
आचाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
आचारेभ्यः (dative plural)
आचारात् (ablative singular)
आचाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आचारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आचारस्य (genitive singular)
आचारयोः (dual genitive)
आचाराणाम् (genitive plural)
आचारे (locative singular)
आचारयोः (dual locative)
आचारेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: আৱাৰ (awar)

→ Malay: acara

Indonesian: acara

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ācāra
Javanese: ꦲꦕꦫ (acara), ꦕꦫ (cara)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬘᬵᬭ (acara), ᬘᬭ (cara)
>? Malay: cara
> Indonesian: cara (inherited)
> Peranakan Indonesian: tjara (inherited)

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

/ɑːˈt͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

आ- (ā-) + चार (cāra), the latter from the root चर् (car).

conduct, manner of action, behaviour, good behaviour, good conduct

पृक्तस्तुषारैर्गिरिनिर्झराणमनोकहाकम्पितपुष्पगन्धी।
तमातपक्लान्तमनातपत्रमाचारपूतं पवनो निषेवे
pṛktastuṣārairgirinirjharāṇamanokahākampitapuṣpagandhī.

the sprays of mountain torrents melt with odorous flowers and the breeze sways the trees (lit. “the ones not quitting home”)
and he (ie, Dilipa), although unumbrellaed and tired by the sun, is followed by pure customs

custom, practice, usage, traditional or immemorial usage (as the foundation of law)

an established rule of conduct, ordinance, institute, precept


अधिकार

adhikāra (romanization)
अधिकारः (nominative singular)
अधिकारौ (dual nominative)
अधिकारा1 (dual nominative)
अधिकाराः (nominative plural)
अधिकारासः1 (nominative plural)
अधिकार (singular vocative)
अधिकारौ (dual vocative)
अधिकारा1 (dual vocative)
अधिकाराः (plural vocative)
अधिकारासः1 (plural vocative)
अधिकारम् (accusative singular)
अधिकारौ (accusative dual)
अधिकारा1 (accusative dual)
अधिकारान् (accusative plural)
अधिकारेण (instrumental singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिकारैः (instrumental plural)
अधिकारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधिकाराय (dative singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिकारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिकारात् (ablative singular)
अधिकाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिकारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिकारस्य (genitive singular)
अधिकारयोः (dual genitive)
अधिकाराणाम् (genitive plural)
अधिकारे (locative singular)
अधिकारयोः (dual locative)
अधिकारेषु (locative plural)

Pali: adhikāra

→ Gujarati: અધિકાર (adhikār)

→ Hindi: अधिकार (adhikār)

→ Indonesian: adikara

→ Kannada: ಅಧಿಕಾರ (adhikāra)

→ Malay: adikara

→ Odia: ଅଧିକାର (adhikāra)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘠𑘲𑘎𑘰𑘨 (adhīkāra)

Marathi: अधिकार (adhikār)

→ Punjabi: ਅਧਿਕਾਰ (adhikār)

→ Tamil: அதிகாரம் (atikāram)

→ Telugu: అధికారము (adhikāramu)

/ɐ.d̪ʱiˈkɑː.ɾɐ/

government, rule, administration, jurisdiction

claim, right, especially to perform sacrifices with benefit

अनुवृत्ति अनुवृत्ति#Sanskrit

(grammar) government, a governing-rule (the influence of which over any number of succeeding rules is called अनुवृत्ति (anu-vṛtti))


अधिकारी

/ɐ.d̪ʱiˈkɑː.ɾiː/

अधिकारिन् अधिकारिन्

masculine nominative singular of अधिकारिन् (adhikārin)


अर्थ

ártha (romanization)
अर्थः (nominative singular)
अर्थौ (dual nominative)
अर्था1 (dual nominative)
अर्थाः (nominative plural)
अर्थासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्थ (singular vocative)
अर्थौ (dual vocative)
अर्था1 (dual vocative)
अर्थाः (plural vocative)
अर्थासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्थम् (accusative singular)
अर्थौ (accusative dual)
अर्था1 (accusative dual)
अर्थान् (accusative plural)
अर्थेन (instrumental singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्थैः (instrumental plural)
अर्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्थाय (dative singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्थात् (ablative singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्थस्य (genitive singular)
अर्थयोः (dual genitive)
अर्थानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्थे (locative singular)
अर्थयोः (dual locative)
अर्थेषु (locative plural)
अर्थम् (nominative singular)
अर्थे (dual nominative)
अर्थानि (nominative plural)
अर्था1 (nominative plural)
अर्थ (singular vocative)
अर्थे (dual vocative)
अर्थानि (plural vocative)
अर्था1 (plural vocative)
अर्थम् (accusative singular)
अर्थे (accusative dual)
अर्थानि (accusative plural)
अर्था1 (accusative plural)
अर्थेन (instrumental singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्थैः (instrumental plural)
अर्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्थाय (dative singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्थात् (ablative singular)
अर्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्थस्य (genitive singular)
अर्थयोः (dual genitive)
अर्थानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्थे (locative singular)
अर्थयोः (dual locative)
अर्थेषु (locative plural)

Pali: attha
→ Khmer: អត្ថ (ʼat)

desc

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞 (aṭṭha), 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣 (attha)

Gujarati: આથ (ātha)

→ Assamese: অৰ্থ (ortho) (learned)

→ Bengali: অর্থ (ôrthô) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અર્થ (arth) (learned)

→ Hindustani: arth (learned)

Hindi: अर्थ

Urdu: اَرتھ

desctree

→ Malay: harta, arta
> Indonesian: harta (inherited)
→ Iban: reta

→ Kannada: ಅರ್ಥ (artha) (learned)

→ Malayalam: അർത്ഥം (aṟtthaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: artha (learned)

Devanagari script: अर्थ

Modi script: 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘞

→ Nepali: अर्थ (artha) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: artha, arthi
> Javanese: ꦄꦂꦛ (inherited) → ꦲꦂꦠ (arta)
→ Indonesian: arta
→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬣ (arta)
> Javanese: ꦲꦂꦠꦶ (arti) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: arti
Javanese: ꦲꦼꦂꦠꦶ (erti), ꦉꦠꦶ (reti)
>? Malay: erti, reti (informal)
> Indonesian: erti (inherited)

→ Tamil: அர்த்தம் (arttam) (learned)

⇒ Telugu: అర్థము (arthamu)

→ Tocharian B: ārth

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hártʰam (“matter, object, purpose”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ert-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬀 (ar^əθa).

inh

money, wealth, property, opulence, substance


अवकाश

avakāśa (romanization)
अवकाशः (nominative singular)
अवकाशौ (dual nominative)
अवकाशा1 (dual nominative)
अवकाशाः (nominative plural)
अवकाशासः1 (nominative plural)
अवकाश (singular vocative)
अवकाशौ (dual vocative)
अवकाशा1 (dual vocative)
अवकाशाः (plural vocative)
अवकाशासः1 (plural vocative)
अवकाशम् (accusative singular)
अवकाशौ (accusative dual)
अवकाशा1 (accusative dual)
अवकाशान् (accusative plural)
अवकाशेन (instrumental singular)
अवकाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवकाशैः (instrumental plural)
अवकाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अवकाशाय (dative singular)
अवकाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवकाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
अवकाशात् (ablative singular)
अवकाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवकाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवकाशस्य (genitive singular)
अवकाशयोः (dual genitive)
अवकाशानाम् (genitive plural)
अवकाशे (locative singular)
अवकाशयोः (dual locative)
अवकाशेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: अवकाश (avkāś)

→ Khmer: អវកាស (ʼaʼvĕəʼkaah)

→ Lao: ອະວະກາດ (ʼa wa kāt)

desctree

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘫 (avakāśa), 𑘀𑘪𑘎𑘰𑘭 (avakāsa)
Marathi: अवकाश (avkāś)

→ Telugu: అవకాశము (avakāśamu)

→ Thai: อวกาศ (à-wá-gàat)

/ɐ.ʋɐ.kɑː.ɕɐ/

/ɐ.ʋɐˈkɑː.ɕɐ/


आज

āja (romanization)
आजः (nominative singular)
आजौ (dual nominative)
आजा1 (dual nominative)
आजाः (nominative plural)
आजासः1 (nominative plural)
आज (singular vocative)
आजौ (dual vocative)
आजा1 (dual vocative)
आजाः (plural vocative)
आजासः1 (plural vocative)
आजम् (accusative singular)
आजौ (accusative dual)
आजा1 (accusative dual)
आजान् (accusative plural)
आजेन (instrumental singular)
आजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आजैः (instrumental plural)
आजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आजाय (dative singular)
आजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आजेभ्यः (dative plural)
आजात् (ablative singular)
आजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आजस्य (genitive singular)
आजयोः (dual genitive)
आजानाम् (genitive plural)
आजे (locative singular)
आजयोः (dual locative)
आजेषु (locative plural)


आज

āja (romanization)
आजम् (nominative singular)
आजे (dual nominative)
आजानि (nominative plural)
आजा1 (nominative plural)
आज (singular vocative)
आजे (dual vocative)
आजानि (plural vocative)
आजा1 (plural vocative)
आजम् (accusative singular)
आजे (accusative dual)
आजानि (accusative plural)
आजा1 (accusative plural)
आजेन (instrumental singular)
आजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आजैः (instrumental plural)
आजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आजाय (dative singular)
आजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आजेभ्यः (dative plural)
आजात् (ablative singular)
आजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आजस्य (genitive singular)
आजयोः (dual genitive)
आजानाम् (genitive plural)
आजे (locative singular)
आजयोः (dual locative)
आजेषु (locative plural)

pūrvabhādrapadā पूर्वाभाद्रपदा

the lunar mansion pūrvabhādrapadā (presided over by aja- Ekapad)


आदर

Bengali: আদর (ador)

Hindi: आदर (ādar)

Old Gujarati: आदर (ādara)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਆਦਰ (ādar)

Shahmukhi script: آدر (ādar)

A compound of आ- (ā-) + दर (dara), from the root दृ (dṛ).


आनन्द

ānandá (romanization)
आनन्दः (nominative singular)
आनन्दौ (dual nominative)
आनन्दा1 (dual nominative)
आनन्दाः (nominative plural)
आनन्दासः1 (nominative plural)
आनन्द (singular vocative)
आनन्दौ (dual vocative)
आनन्दा1 (dual vocative)
आनन्दाः (plural vocative)
आनन्दासः1 (plural vocative)
आनन्दम् (accusative singular)
आनन्दौ (accusative dual)
आनन्दा1 (accusative dual)
आनन्दान् (accusative plural)
आनन्देन (instrumental singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आनन्दैः (instrumental plural)
आनन्देभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आनन्दाय (dative singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आनन्देभ्यः (dative plural)
आनन्दात् (ablative singular)
आनन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आनन्देभ्यः (ablative plural)
आनन्दस्य (genitive singular)
आनन्दयोः (dual genitive)
आनन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
आनन्दे (locative singular)
आनन्दयोः (dual locative)
आनन्देषु (locative plural)

Chinese: 阿難陀 /阿难陀 (Ānántuó)

Pali: ānanda

Prakrit: 𑀆𑀡𑀁𑀤 (āṇaṃda)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘡𑘽𑘟 (ānaṃda)

Marathi: आनंद (ānanda)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਅਨੰਦ (anand)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આણંદ (āṇand)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आनंद (ānand)

Urdu: آنَنْد (ānand)

→ Kannada: ಆನಂದ (ānanda)

→ Old Javanese: ānanda

→ Tamil: ஆனந்தம் (āṉantam)

→ Telugu: ఆనందము (ānandamu)

/ɑːˈn̪ɐn̪.d̪ɐ/

happiness, joy, enjoyment, sexual pleasure

(drama) the thing wished for, the end of the drama


आयु

ā́yu (romanization)
आयुः (nominative singular)
आयू (dual nominative)
आयवः (nominative plural)
आयो (singular vocative)
आयू (dual vocative)
आयवः (plural vocative)
आयुम् (accusative singular)
आयू (accusative dual)
आयून् (accusative plural)
आयुना (instrumental singular)
आय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आयुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आयुभिः (instrumental plural)
आयवे (dative singular)
आय्वे1 (dative singular)
आयुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आयुभ्यः (dative plural)
आयोः (ablative singular)
आय्वः1 (ablative singular)
आयुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आयुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आयोः (genitive singular)
आय्वः1 (genitive singular)
आय्वोः (dual genitive)
आयूनाम् (genitive plural)
आयौ (locative singular)
आय्वोः (dual locative)
आयुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“long time, lifetime”). Cognate with Latin aevum (whence English age), Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn) (whence English eon), Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 (āiiū, “lifetime, life”), Old English ā. The Sanskrit root is इ (i), whence also आयुस् (ā́yus).

inh

a divine personification presiding over life


आयु

ā́yu (romanization)
आयु (nominative singular)
आयुनी (dual nominative)
आयूनि (nominative plural)
आयु1 (nominative plural)
आयू1 (nominative plural)
आयु (singular vocative)
आयो (singular vocative)
आयुनी (dual vocative)
आयूनि (plural vocative)
आयु1 (plural vocative)
आयू1 (plural vocative)
आयु (accusative singular)
आयुनी (accusative dual)
आयूनि (accusative plural)
आयु1 (accusative plural)
आयू1 (accusative plural)
आयुना (instrumental singular)
आय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आयुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आयुभिः (instrumental plural)
आयुने (dative singular)
आयवे1 (dative singular)
आय्वे1 (dative singular)
आयुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आयुभ्यः (dative plural)
आयुनः (ablative singular)
आयोः1 (ablative singular)
आय्वः1 (ablative singular)
आयुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आयुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आयुनः (genitive singular)
आयोः1 (genitive singular)
आय्वः1 (genitive singular)
आयुनोः (dual genitive)
आयूनाम् (genitive plural)
आयुनि (locative singular)
आयौ1 (locative singular)
आयुनोः (dual locative)
आयुषु (locative plural)

Assamese: আয়ু (ayu)

Bengali: আয়ু (aẏu)

Maithili: आयु (āyʉ)

Marathi: आयु (āyu)

Pali: āyu

→ Khmer: អាយុ (ʼaayuʼ)

→ Lao: ອາຍຸ (ʼā nyu)

→ Thai: อายุ (aa-yú)

→ Telugu: ఆయువు (āyuvu)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀉 (āu)

Old Hindi: आउ (āu)

→ Tamil: ஆயுள் (āyuḷ)

Nepali: आयु (āyu)

अग्ने जरस्व स्वपत्य आयुन्यूर्जा पिन्वस्व समिषो दिदीहि नः।
वयांसि जिन्व बृहतश्च जागृव उशिग्देवानामसि सुक्रतुर्विपाम्॥
agne jarasva svapatya āyunyūrjā pinvasva samiṣo didīhi naḥ.

Sing, Agni, for long life to us and noble sons: teem thou with plenty, shine upon us store of food.
Increase the great man's strength, thou ever-vigilant: thou, longing for the Gods, knowest their hymns full well.

vayāṃsi jinva bṛhataśca jāgṛva uśigdevānāmasi sukraturvipām.


आवश्यकता

āvaśyakatā (romanization)
आवश्यकता (nominative singular)
आवश्यकते (dual nominative)
आवश्यकताः (nominative plural)
आवश्यकते (singular vocative)
आवश्यकते (dual vocative)
आवश्यकताः (plural vocative)
आवश्यकताम् (accusative singular)
आवश्यकते (accusative dual)
आवश्यकताः (accusative plural)
आवश्यकतया (instrumental singular)
आवश्यकता1 (instrumental singular)
आवश्यकताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आवश्यकताभिः (instrumental plural)
आवश्यकतायै (dative singular)
आवश्यकताभ्याम् (dative dual)
आवश्यकताभ्यः (dative plural)
आवश्यकतायाः (ablative singular)
आवश्यकतायै2 (ablative singular)
आवश्यकताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आवश्यकताभ्यः (ablative plural)
आवश्यकतायाः (genitive singular)
आवश्यकतायै2 (genitive singular)
आवश्यकतयोः (dual genitive)
आवश्यकतानाम् (genitive plural)
आवश्यकतायाम् (locative singular)
आवश्यकतयोः (dual locative)
आवश्यकतासु (locative plural)

/ɑː.ʋɐɕ.jɐ.kɐ.tɑː/

/ɑːˈʋɐɕ.jɐ.kɐ.t̪ɑː/


अक्षर

अ॒क्षर॑ (canonical)
akṣára (romanization)
अक्षरम् (nominative singular)
अक्षरे (dual nominative)
अक्षराणि (nominative plural)
अक्षरा1 (nominative plural)
अक्षर (singular vocative)
अक्षरे (dual vocative)
अक्षराणि (plural vocative)
अक्षरा1 (plural vocative)
अक्षरम् (accusative singular)
अक्षरे (accusative dual)
अक्षराणि (accusative plural)
अक्षरा1 (accusative plural)
अक्षरेण (instrumental singular)
अक्षराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षरैः (instrumental plural)
अक्षरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अक्षराय (dative singular)
अक्षराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षरात् (ablative singular)
अक्षराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षरस्य (genitive singular)
अक्षरयोः (dual genitive)
अक्षराणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षरे (locative singular)
अक्षरयोः (dual locative)
अक्षरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَچھُر (achur)

Pali: akkhara (see there for further descendants)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀭 (akkhara) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Baduy: ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ (aksara)

→ Bengali: অক্ষর (okkhor)

→ English: aksara

→ Gujarati: અક્ષર (akṣar)

→ Hindi: अक्षर (akṣar)

→ Kannada: ಅಕ್ಷರ (akṣara)

→ Khmer: អក្សរ (ʼaksɑɑ)

→ Lao: ອັກສອນ (ʼak sǭn)

→ Malay: aksara
Indonesian: aksara

→ Marathi: अक्षर (akṣar)

→ Nepali: अक्षर (akṣar)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: akṣara
> Javanese: ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫ (aksara) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (aksara)

→ Sasak: ᬅᬓ᭄ᬱᬭ (aksara)

→ Sundanese: ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ (aksara)

→ Tamil: அட்சரம் (aṭcaram)

desc

→ Telugu: అక్షరము (akṣaramu), అక్షరం (akṣaraṁ), అక్కరము (akkaramu)

→ Thai: อักษร (àk-sɔ̌ɔn)

→ Tocharian B: akṣār

→ Urdu: اکشر (akṣar)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ne
Proto-Indo-European *n̥-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *a-
Sanskrit अ- (a-)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit क्षर (kṣara)
Sanskrit अ॒क्षर॑ (akṣára)
From अ- (a-) + क्षर (kṣara, “perishable”).

etymon

अ॒क्षर॑

त्रिर्व॒र्तिर्या॑तं॒ त्रिरनु॑व्रते ज॒ने त्रिः सु॑प्रा॒व्ये॑ त्रे॒धेव॑ शिक्षतम् ।
त्रिर्ना॒न्द्यं॑ वहतमश्विना यु॒वं त्रिः पृक्षो॑ अ॒स्मे अ॒क्षरे॑व पिन्वतम् ॥
trírvartíryātaṃ tríránuvrate jané tríḥ suprāvyè tredhéva śikṣatam.
trírnāndyàṃ vahatamaśvinā yuváṃ tríḥ pṛ́kṣo asmé akṣáreva pinvatam.
1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

Thrice come ye to our home, thrice to the righteous folk, thrice triply aid the man who well deserves your help. Thrice, O ye Aṣvins, bring us what shall make us glad; thrice send us store of food as nevermore to fail.

Lexicographers, Various Works

final beatitude, religious austerity, a sacrifice

Achyranthes aspera
Achyranthes aspera#Translingual

prickly chaff flower
prickly chaff flower

Achyranthes aspera (prickly chaff flower, devil's horsewhip)


अधिक

adhika (romanization)
अधिकम् (nominative singular)
अधिके (dual nominative)
अधिकानि (nominative plural)
अधिका1 (nominative plural)
अधिक (singular vocative)
अधिके (dual vocative)
अधिकानि (plural vocative)
अधिका1 (plural vocative)
अधिकम् (accusative singular)
अधिके (accusative dual)
अधिकानि (accusative plural)
अधिका1 (accusative plural)
अधिकेन (instrumental singular)
अधिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिकैः (instrumental plural)
अधिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधिकाय (dative singular)
अधिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिकात् (ablative singular)
अधिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिकस्य (genitive singular)
अधिकयोः (dual genitive)
अधिकानाम् (genitive plural)
अधिके (locative singular)
अधिकयोः (dual locative)
अधिकेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: অধিক (odhik)

→ Bengali: অধিক (odhik)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अधिक (adhik)

Urdu: ادھک

→ Kannada: ಅಧಿಕ (adhika)

→ Marathi: अधिक (adhik)

desctree

Pali: adhika
→ Burmese: အဓိက (a.dhi.ka.)
→ Khmer: អធិក (ʼaʼthɨk)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਧਿਕ (adhik)

Shahmukhi script: ادھک (adhik)

→ Tagalog: adhikâ

→ Tamil: அதிகம் (atikam)

→ Telugu: అధికము (adhikamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁én?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰe?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰí
Sanskrit अधि (adhi)?
Sanskrit -क (-ka)?
Sanskrit अधिक (adhika)
Perhaps from अधि (adhi, “over”) + -क (-ka).


आरम्भ

ārambhá (romanization)
आरम्भः (nominative singular)
आरम्भौ (dual nominative)
आरम्भा1 (dual nominative)
आरम्भाः (nominative plural)
आरम्भासः1 (nominative plural)
आरम्भ (singular vocative)
आरम्भौ (dual vocative)
आरम्भा1 (dual vocative)
आरम्भाः (plural vocative)
आरम्भासः1 (plural vocative)
आरम्भम् (accusative singular)
आरम्भौ (accusative dual)
आरम्भा1 (accusative dual)
आरम्भान् (accusative plural)
आरम्भेण (instrumental singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरम्भैः (instrumental plural)
आरम्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आरम्भाय (dative singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरम्भात् (ablative singular)
आरम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरम्भस्य (genitive singular)
आरम्भयोः (dual genitive)
आरम्भाणाम् (genitive plural)
आरम्भे (locative singular)
आरम्भयोः (dual locative)
आरम्भेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: আৰম্ভ (arombho)

→ Bengali: আরম্ভ (arombho)

→ Hindi: आरंभ (ārambh), आरम्भ (ārambh)

→ Kannada: ಆರಂಭ (ārambha)

→ Malayalam: ആരംഭം (ārambhaṁ)

Pali: ārambha

→ Punjabi: ਅਰੰਭ (arambh)

→ Sinhalese: ආරම්භය (ārambhaya)

→ Tamil: ஆரம்பம் (ārampam)

→ Telugu: ఆరంభము (ārambhamu)

desc

อารัมภ,อารัมภะ,อารัมภ์

→ Thai: อารัมภ/อารัมภะ/อารัมภ์

→ Thai: อารัมภ/อารัมภะ/อารัมภ์

/ɑː.ɾɐm.bʱɐ́/

/ɑːˈɾɐm.bʱɐ/

आ- (ā-) + रम्भ (rambha), the latter from रम्भ् (rambh).

beginning, commencement, undertaking (ant. अन्त (anta))

(drama) the commencement of the action which awakens an interest in the progress of the principal plot


आशा

sa-noun

आशा • (āśā́) stem, f

āśā́ (romanization)
आशा (nominative singular)
आशे (dual nominative)
आशाः (nominative plural)
आशे (singular vocative)
आशे (dual vocative)
आशाः (plural vocative)
आशाम् (accusative singular)
आशे (accusative dual)
आशाः (accusative plural)
आशया (instrumental singular)
आशा1 (instrumental singular)
आशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आशाभिः (instrumental plural)
आशायै (dative singular)
आशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आशाभ्यः (dative plural)
आशायाः (ablative singular)
आशायै2 (ablative singular)
आशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आशाभ्यः (ablative plural)
आशायाः (genitive singular)
आशायै2 (genitive singular)
आशयोः (dual genitive)
आशानाम् (genitive plural)
आशायाम् (locative singular)
आशयोः (dual locative)
आशासु (locative plural)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਆਸ (āsa)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲𑀸 (āsā)

Hindustani:

Hindi: आस (ās)

Urdu: آس (ās)

→ Cebuano: asa

→ Gujarati: આશા (āśā)

→ Hindi: आशा (āśā)

→ Khmer: អាសា (ʼaasaa)

→ Lambadi: aasaa

→ Marathi: आशा (āśā)

Marathi: आस (ās)

→ Malay: asa
Indonesian: asa

Pali: āsā

→ Thai: อาสา (aa-sǎa)

→ Tagalog: asa

⇒ Tagalog: pag-asa

⇒ Tagalog: umasa

→ Kannada: ಆಸೆ (āse)

→ Malayalam: ആശ (āśa)

→ Tamil: ஆசை (ācai)

→ Telugu: ఆశ (āśa)

From earlier आशस् (āśás), from आ- (ā-) + शंस् (śaṃs).


आशा

आशा • (ā́śā) stem, f

ā́śā (romanization)
आशा (nominative singular)
आशे (dual nominative)
आशाः (nominative plural)
आशे (singular vocative)
आशे (dual vocative)
आशाः (plural vocative)
आशाम् (accusative singular)
आशे (accusative dual)
आशाः (accusative plural)
आशया (instrumental singular)
आशा1 (instrumental singular)
आशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आशाभिः (instrumental plural)
आशायै (dative singular)
आशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आशाभ्यः (dative plural)
आशायाः (ablative singular)
आशायै2 (ablative singular)
आशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आशाभ्यः (ablative plural)
आशायाः (genitive singular)
आशायै2 (genitive singular)
आशयोः (dual genitive)
आशानाम् (genitive plural)
आशायाम् (locative singular)
आशयोः (dual locative)
आशासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ā́śā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ā́ćā ~ *aćas (“region, area”), perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬵 (asah).


आश्चर्य

āścarya (romanization)
आश्चर्यम् (nominative singular)
आश्चर्ये (dual nominative)
आश्चर्याणि (nominative plural)
आश्चर्या1 (nominative plural)
आश्चर्य (singular vocative)
आश्चर्ये (dual vocative)
आश्चर्याणि (plural vocative)
आश्चर्या1 (plural vocative)
आश्चर्यम् (accusative singular)
आश्चर्ये (accusative dual)
आश्चर्याणि (accusative plural)
आश्चर्या1 (accusative plural)
आश्चर्येण (instrumental singular)
आश्चर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आश्चर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आश्चर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आश्चर्याय (dative singular)
आश्चर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आश्चर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आश्चर्यात् (ablative singular)
आश्चर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आश्चर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आश्चर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आश्चर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आश्चर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आश्चर्ये (locative singular)
आश्चर्ययोः (dual locative)
आश्चर्येषु (locative plural)

/ɑːɕ.t͡ɕɐɾ.jɐ/

/ɑːɕˈt͡ɕɐɾ.jɐ/


ईर्षा

sa-noun

ईर्षा • (īrṣā) stem, f

īrṣā (romanization)
ईर्षा (nominative singular)
ईर्षे (dual nominative)
ईर्षाः (nominative plural)
ईर्षे (singular vocative)
ईर्षे (dual vocative)
ईर्षाः (plural vocative)
ईर्षाम् (accusative singular)
ईर्षे (accusative dual)
ईर्षाः (accusative plural)
ईर्षया (instrumental singular)
ईर्षा1 (instrumental singular)
ईर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईर्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
ईर्षायै (dative singular)
ईर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईर्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
ईर्षायाः (ablative singular)
ईर्षायै2 (ablative singular)
ईर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईर्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईर्षायाः (genitive singular)
ईर्षायै2 (genitive singular)
ईर्षयोः (dual genitive)
ईर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
ईर्षायाम् (locative singular)
ईर्षयोः (dual locative)
ईर्षासु (locative plural)

From a root ईर्ष्य् (īrṣy). Corruption of ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā).

envy or impatience over another's success


उत्तर

úttara (romanization)
उत्तरम् (nominative singular)
उत्तरे (dual nominative)
उत्तराणि (nominative plural)
उत्तरा1 (nominative plural)
उत्तर (singular vocative)
उत्तरे (dual vocative)
उत्तराणि (plural vocative)
उत्तरा1 (plural vocative)
उत्तरम् (accusative singular)
उत्तरे (accusative dual)
उत्तराणि (accusative plural)
उत्तरा1 (accusative plural)
उत्तरेण (instrumental singular)
उत्तराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उत्तरैः (instrumental plural)
उत्तरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उत्तराय (dative singular)
उत्तराभ्याम् (dative dual)
उत्तरेभ्यः (dative plural)
उत्तरात् (ablative singular)
उत्तराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उत्तरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उत्तरस्य (genitive singular)
उत्तरयोः (dual genitive)
उत्तराणाम् (genitive plural)
उत्तरे (locative singular)
उत्तरयोः (dual locative)
उत्तरेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: উত্তর (uttor)

→ Hindi: उत्तर (uttar)

→ Kannada: ಉತ್ತರ (uttara)

desctree

→ Malay: utara, utară (1924-1972)
→ Indonesian: utara

→ Malayalam: ഉത്തര (uttara)

→ Marathi: उत्तर (uttar)

Pali: uttara

→ Burmese: ဥတ္တရ (utta.ra.)

→ Khmer: ឧត្តរ (ʼutdɑɑ)

→ Thai: อุดร (ù-dɔɔn)

→ Punjabi: ਉੱਤਰ (uttar)

Rohingya: uttor, utor

Helu Prakrit: 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭 (uttara)

Dhivehi: އުތުރު (uturu)

→ Tamil: உத்தரவு (uttaravu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *útˢtaras, from Proto-Indo-European *údteros (“higher; later”). Equivalent to उद्- (ud-) + -तर (-tara). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὕστερος (hústeros, “latter”), Pashto استرۍ (ustərai).

cog

[ˈut̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ]


गुरुवार

guruvāra (romanization)
गुरुवारः (nominative singular)
गुरुवारौ (dual nominative)
गुरुवारा1 (dual nominative)
गुरुवाराः (nominative plural)
गुरुवारासः1 (nominative plural)
गुरुवार (singular vocative)
गुरुवारौ (dual vocative)
गुरुवारा1 (dual vocative)
गुरुवाराः (plural vocative)
गुरुवारासः1 (plural vocative)
गुरुवारम् (accusative singular)
गुरुवारौ (accusative dual)
गुरुवारा1 (accusative dual)
गुरुवारान् (accusative plural)
गुरुवारेण (instrumental singular)
गुरुवाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुवारैः (instrumental plural)
गुरुवारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गुरुवाराय (dative singular)
गुरुवाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुवारेभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरुवारात् (ablative singular)
गुरुवाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुवारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरुवारस्य (genitive singular)
गुरुवारयोः (dual genitive)
गुरुवाराणाम् (genitive plural)
गुरुवारे (locative singular)
गुरुवारयोः (dual locative)
गुरुवारेषु (locative plural)

/ɡu.ɾu.ʋɑː.ɾɐ/

/ɡu.ɾuˈʋɑː.ɾɐ/


दिन

dína (romanization)
दिनः (nominative singular)
दिनौ (dual nominative)
दिना1 (dual nominative)
दिनाः (nominative plural)
दिनासः1 (nominative plural)
दिन (singular vocative)
दिनौ (dual vocative)
दिना1 (dual vocative)
दिनाः (plural vocative)
दिनासः1 (plural vocative)
दिनम् (accusative singular)
दिनौ (accusative dual)
दिना1 (accusative dual)
दिनान् (accusative plural)
दिनेन (instrumental singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिनैः (instrumental plural)
दिनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दिनाय (dative singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दिनात् (ablative singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिनस्य (genitive singular)
दिनयोः (dual genitive)
दिनानाम् (genitive plural)
दिने (locative singular)
दिनयोः (dual locative)
दिनेषु (locative plural)
दिनम् (nominative singular)
दिने (dual nominative)
दिनानि (nominative plural)
दिना1 (nominative plural)
दिन (singular vocative)
दिने (dual vocative)
दिनानि (plural vocative)
दिना1 (plural vocative)
दिनम् (accusative singular)
दिने (accusative dual)
दिनानि (accusative plural)
दिना1 (accusative plural)
दिनेन (instrumental singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिनैः (instrumental plural)
दिनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दिनाय (dative singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दिनात् (ablative singular)
दिनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिनस्य (genitive singular)
दिनयोः (dual genitive)
दिनानाम् (genitive plural)
दिने (locative singular)
दिनयोः (dual locative)
दिनेषु (locative plural)

Awadhi: दिन (din)

Gujarati: દિન (din)

Hindi: दिन (din)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀦 (dina)

Assamese: দিন (din)

Bengali: দিন (din)

Chakma: 𑄘𑄨𑄚𑄴 (din)

Odia: ଦିନ (dina)

Rohingya: din

Sylheti: ꠖꠤꠘ (din)

Marathi: दिन (din)

Nepali: दिन (dina)

Punjabi: ਦਿਨ (din)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: dina
Javanese: ꦢꦶꦤ (dina), ꦫꦶꦤ (rina), ꦢꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (dinten), ꦫꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (rinten)
→ Balinese: ᬤᬶᬦ (dina)

→ Kannada: ದಿನ (dina)

→ Malayalam: ദിനം (dinaṁ)

→ Tamil: தினம் (tiṉam)

→ Telugu: దినము (dinamu)

→ Tulu: ದಿನ (dina)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dinám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dinám, from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”). Cognate to the root *déy-no-, whence Lithuanian diena, Proto-Slavic *dьnь (whence Russian день (denʹ), Bulgarian ден (den), Macedonian ден (den), Old Church Slavonic дьнь (dĭnĭ)). Other cognates include Old Armenian տիւ (tiw, “daytime”), Latin diēs (“day”).


चोर

corá (romanization)
चोरः (nominative singular)
चोरौ (dual nominative)
चोरा1 (dual nominative)
चोराः (nominative plural)
चोरासः1 (nominative plural)
चोर (singular vocative)
चोरौ (dual vocative)
चोरा1 (dual vocative)
चोराः (plural vocative)
चोरासः1 (plural vocative)
चोरम् (accusative singular)
चोरौ (accusative dual)
चोरा1 (accusative dual)
चोरान् (accusative plural)
चोरेण (instrumental singular)
चोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चोरैः (instrumental plural)
चोरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चोराय (dative singular)
चोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चोरात् (ablative singular)
चोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चोरस्य (genitive singular)
चोरयोः (dual genitive)
चोराणाम् (genitive plural)
चोरे (locative singular)
चोरयोः (dual locative)
चोरेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চোৰ (sür)

Bengali: চোর (cōr)

Chakma: 𑄌𑄪𑄢𑄴 (cur)

Rohingya: sur

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀭 (cora) (see there for further descendants)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਚੋਰ (cor)

Pali: cora

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑁄𑀭 (cora) (see there for further descendants)

→ Kannada: ಚೋರ (cōra)

→ Khmer: ចោរ (cao)

→ Old Javanese: cora, corah
> Javanese: ꦕꦺꦴꦫ (cora) (inherited)

⇒ Telugu: చోరుడు (cōruḍu)

→ Thai: โจร (joon)

Probably borrowed from either Dravidian or Austroasiatic. The Sanskrit root चुर् (cur, “to steal, rob”) likely derives from this word, rather than the other way around.

चित्तचोर

a metaphorical epithet of the deity Krishna; thief of the mind


गर्भ

gárbha (romanization)
गर्भः (nominative singular)
गर्भौ (dual nominative)
गर्भा1 (dual nominative)
गर्भाः (nominative plural)
गर्भासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्भ (singular vocative)
गर्भौ (dual vocative)
गर्भा1 (dual vocative)
गर्भाः (plural vocative)
गर्भासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्भम् (accusative singular)
गर्भौ (accusative dual)
गर्भा1 (accusative dual)
गर्भान् (accusative plural)
गर्भेण (instrumental singular)
गर्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्भैः (instrumental plural)
गर्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्भाय (dative singular)
गर्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्भात् (ablative singular)
गर्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्भस्य (genitive singular)
गर्भयोः (dual genitive)
गर्भाणाम् (genitive plural)
गर्भे (locative singular)
गर्भयोः (dual locative)
गर्भेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪 (gabbha)
Central:
Hindi: गाभ (gābh)
Southern:
Old Marathi: 𑘐𑘰𑘥 (gābha)

desc

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪-𑀅 (*gabbha-a)

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: गाभा (gābhā), गर्भ (garbha)

Modi script: 𑘐𑘰𑘥𑘰 (gābhā), 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘥 (garbha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਗੱਭ (gabbha, “middle”)

Pali: gabbha

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀩𑁆𑀪 (gabbha)

Hindi: गाभ (gābh, “pregnancy in animals”)

Sinhalese: ගර්භය (garbhaya, “womb, foetus”)

→ Hindi: गर्भ (garbh)

→ Kannada: ಗರ್ಭ (garbha)

→ Khmer: គភ៌ (kɔə)

→ Lao: ຄັນ (khan)

→ Malayalam: ഗർഭം (gaṟbhaṁ)

→ Tamil: கருப்பம் (karuppam)

→ Telugu: గర్భము (garbhamu)

→ Thai: ครรภ์ (kan)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gárbʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷólbʰ-o-s, from *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬀 (gar^əβa), Ancient Greek δελφύς (delphús, “womb”).

गर्भे॒ नु सन्नन्वे॑षामवेदम॒हं दे॒वानां॒ जनि॑मानि॒ विश्वा॑।
श॒तं मा॒ पुर॒ आय॑सीररक्ष॒न्नध॑ श्ये॒नो ज॒वसा॒ निर॑दीयम्॥
gárbhe nú sánnánveṣāmavedamaháṃ devā́nāṃ jánimāni víśvā.

Being still in the womb, I have known all the births of these divinities in their order; a hundred bodies of metal confined me, but as a hawk I came forth with speed.

śatáṃ mā púra ā́yasīrarakṣannádha śyenó javásā níradīyam.

अ॒रण्यो॒र्निहि॑तो जा॒तवे॑दा॒ गर्भ॑ इव॒ सुधि॑तो ग॒र्भिणी॑षु।
दि॒वेदि॑व॒ ईड्यो॑ जागृ॒वद्भि॑र्ह॒विष्म॑द्भिर्मनु॒ष्ये॑भिर॒ग्निः॥
aráṇyorníhito jātávedā gárbha iva súdhito garbhíṇīṣu.
divédiva ī́ḍyo jāgṛvádbhirhavíṣmadbhirmanuṣyèbhiragníḥ.

Jātavedas has been deposited in the two sticks as the embryo is deposited in pregnant women; Agni is to be adored day by day by vigilant men laden with oblations.

अभीवृतेव ता महापदेन ध्वान्तात्प्रपित्वादुदरन्त गर्भाः॥

As if encompassed by the Mighty-footed, from darkness, near at hand, forth came the Children.

abhī́vṛteva tā́ mahāpadéna dhvāntā́tprapitvā́dúdaranta gárbhāḥ.

child, offspring, brood (especially of birds)

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

the inside, middle or interior of anything


गीत

gītá (romanization)
गीतम् (nominative singular)
गीते (dual nominative)
गीतानि (nominative plural)
गीता1 (nominative plural)
गीत (singular vocative)
गीते (dual vocative)
गीतानि (plural vocative)
गीता1 (plural vocative)
गीतम् (accusative singular)
गीते (accusative dual)
गीतानि (accusative plural)
गीता1 (accusative plural)
गीतेन (instrumental singular)
गीताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गीतैः (instrumental plural)
गीतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गीताय (dative singular)
गीताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गीतेभ्यः (dative plural)
गीतात् (ablative singular)
गीताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गीतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गीतस्य (genitive singular)
गीतयोः (dual genitive)
गीतानाम् (genitive plural)
गीते (locative singular)
गीतयोः (dual locative)
गीतेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गीत (gīt), गीता (gītā)

Urdu: گیت (get), گیتا (getā)

→ Malayalam: ഗീതം (gītaṁ)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀻𑀅 (gīa)

Odia: ଗୀତ (gita)

desctree

Pali: gīta
→ Burmese: ဂီတ (gita.)
→ Thai: คีต (kîit), คีตะ (kii-dtà)

Punjabi: ਗੀਤ (gīt)

→ Tamil: கீதம் (kītam)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *giHtás, Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾iH-tós, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eH (“to sing, cry”). The Sanskrit root is गै (gai).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs, the Gathas”).


गीता

gītā́ (romanization)
गै (root)
गीता (nominative singular)
गीते (dual nominative)
गीताः (nominative plural)
गीते (singular vocative)
गीते (dual vocative)
गीताः (plural vocative)
गीताम् (accusative singular)
गीते (accusative dual)
गीताः (accusative plural)
गीतया (instrumental singular)
गीता1 (instrumental singular)
गीताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गीताभिः (instrumental plural)
गीतायै (dative singular)
गीताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गीताभ्यः (dative plural)
गीतायाः (ablative singular)
गीतायै2 (ablative singular)
गीताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गीताभ्यः (ablative plural)
गीतायाः (genitive singular)
गीतायै2 (genitive singular)
गीतयोः (dual genitive)
गीतानाम् (genitive plural)
गीतायाम् (locative singular)
गीतयोः (dual locative)
गीतासु (locative plural)

Feminine of गीत (gītá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *giHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾iH-tós, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eH- (“to sing, cry”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs, the Gathas”).

भगवद्गीता भगवद्गीता#Sanskrit


ग्रीष्म

sa-noun

ग्रीष्म • (grīṣmá) stem, m

grīṣmá (romanization)
ग्रीष्मः (nominative singular)
ग्रीष्मौ (dual nominative)
ग्रीष्मा1 (dual nominative)
ग्रीष्माः (nominative plural)
ग्रीष्मासः1 (nominative plural)
ग्रीष्म (singular vocative)
ग्रीष्मौ (dual vocative)
ग्रीष्मा1 (dual vocative)
ग्रीष्माः (plural vocative)
ग्रीष्मासः1 (plural vocative)
ग्रीष्मम् (accusative singular)
ग्रीष्मौ (accusative dual)
ग्रीष्मा1 (accusative dual)
ग्रीष्मान् (accusative plural)
ग्रीष्मेण (instrumental singular)
ग्रीष्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्रीष्मैः (instrumental plural)
ग्रीष्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ग्रीष्माय (dative singular)
ग्रीष्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्रीष्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्रीष्मात् (ablative singular)
ग्रीष्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्रीष्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्रीष्मस्य (genitive singular)
ग्रीष्मयोः (dual genitive)
ग्रीष्माणाम् (genitive plural)
ग्रीष्मे (locative singular)
ग्रीष्मयोः (dual locative)
ग्रीष्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gimha

Khowar: گرِݰپو (griṣpó)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀳 (gimha)

Marathi: गीह्म (gīhma), गीम (gīm)

→ Bengali: গ্রীষ্ম (griśśõ)

→ Galician: gríxema

→ Kannada: ಗ್ರೀಷ್ಮ (grīṣma)

→ Telugu: గ్రీష్మము (grīṣmamu)

→ Malayalam: ഗ്രീഷ്മം (grīṣmaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós, from *gʷreh₂- (“heavy”) + *semh₂- (“summer”). Compare समा (sámā). Also cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀 (hama), Persian هامین (hâmin), Old English sumor (whence English summer) through the latter component.

वाचा मेन्द्रियेणाविश वसन्तम् ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु
ग्रीष्मम् ऋतूनां प्रीणामि स मा प्रीतः प्रीणातु
वर्षा ऋतूनां प्रीणामि ता मा प्रीताः प्रीणन्तु
शरदम् ऋतूनां प्रीणामि सा मा प्रीता प्रीणातु
हेमन्त-शिशिराव् ऋतूनां प्रीणामि तौ मा प्रीतौ प्रीणीताम् अग्नी-षोमयोर् अहं देवयज्यया चक्षुष्मां भूयासम अग्नेर् अहं देवयज्यया ऽन्नादो भूयासम् ॥
vācā mendriyeṇāviśa vasantam ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu
grīṣmam ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sa mā prītaḥ prīṇātu
varṣā ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tā mā prītāḥ prīṇantu
śaradam ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi sā mā prītā prīṇātu

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.2.3

Do thou enter me with speech, with power of senses. Of all the seasons, spring I love; beloved, may it delight me.
Of the all seasons summer I love; beloved, may it delight me.
Of all the seasons the rains I love; beloved, may they delight me.
Of the all seasons the autumn I delight; beloved, may it delight me.
Of the seasons the winter and the cool I love; beloved, may they two delight me.
By obeisance to the gods, Agni and Soma, may I be possessed of sight. By obeisance to the god Agni, may I be an eater of food.

hemanta-śiśirāv ṛtūnāṃ prīṇāmi tau mā prītau prīṇītām agnī-ṣomayor ahaṃ devayajyayā cakṣuṣmāṃ bhūyāsama agner ahaṃ devayajyayā ʼnnādo bhūyāsam.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

summer, the hot season (from the middle of May to the middle of July)


गान

gāna (romanization)
गानम् (nominative singular)
गाने (dual nominative)
गानानि (nominative plural)
गाना1 (nominative plural)
गान (singular vocative)
गाने (dual vocative)
गानानि (plural vocative)
गाना1 (plural vocative)
गानम् (accusative singular)
गाने (accusative dual)
गानानि (accusative plural)
गाना1 (accusative plural)
गानेन (instrumental singular)
गानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गानैः (instrumental plural)
गानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गानाय (dative singular)
गानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गानेभ्यः (dative plural)
गानात् (ablative singular)
गानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गानस्य (genitive singular)
गानयोः (dual genitive)
गानानाम् (genitive plural)
गाने (locative singular)
गानयोः (dual locative)
गानेषु (locative plural)

Pali: gāna


घण्टा

ghaṇṭā (romanization)
घण्टा (nominative singular)
घण्टे (dual nominative)
घण्टाः (nominative plural)
घण्टे (singular vocative)
घण्टे (dual vocative)
घण्टाः (plural vocative)
घण्टाम् (accusative singular)
घण्टे (accusative dual)
घण्टाः (accusative plural)
घण्टया (instrumental singular)
घण्टा1 (instrumental singular)
घण्टाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घण्टाभिः (instrumental plural)
घण्टायै (dative singular)
घण्टाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घण्टाभ्यः (dative plural)
घण्टायाः (ablative singular)
घण्टायै2 (ablative singular)
घण्टाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घण्टाभ्यः (ablative plural)
घण्टायाः (genitive singular)
घण्टायै2 (genitive singular)
घण्टयोः (dual genitive)
घण्टानाम् (genitive plural)
घण्टायाम् (locative singular)
घण्टयोः (dual locative)
घण्टासु (locative plural)

Hindi: घंटा (ghaṇṭā)

desc

Nepali: घण्टा (ghaṇṭā), घन्टा (ghanṭā), घंटा (ghaṇṭā)

a plate of iron or mixed metal struck as a clock


घास

ghāsá (romanization)
घासः (nominative singular)
घासौ (dual nominative)
घासा1 (dual nominative)
घासाः (nominative plural)
घासासः1 (nominative plural)
घास (singular vocative)
घासौ (dual vocative)
घासा1 (dual vocative)
घासाः (plural vocative)
घासासः1 (plural vocative)
घासम् (accusative singular)
घासौ (accusative dual)
घासा1 (accusative dual)
घासान् (accusative plural)
घासेन (instrumental singular)
घासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घासैः (instrumental plural)
घासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घासाय (dative singular)
घासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घासेभ्यः (dative plural)
घासात् (ablative singular)
घासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घासस्य (genitive singular)
घासयोः (dual genitive)
घासानाम् (genitive plural)
घासे (locative singular)
घासयोः (dual locative)
घासेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: گاسہٕ (gāsụ)

Devanagari script: गासॖ (gāsụ)

Kalasha: khas

Khowar: گاز (gaz)

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀸𑀲 (ghāsa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Newar: घाँय् (ghæ̃)

From the root घस् (ghas, “to eat, consume”).

sa-root

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


ललाट

lalā́ṭa (romanization)
ललाटम् (nominative singular)
ललाटे (dual nominative)
ललाटानि (nominative plural)
ललाटा1 (nominative plural)
ललाट (singular vocative)
ललाटे (dual vocative)
ललाटानि (plural vocative)
ललाटा1 (plural vocative)
ललाटम् (accusative singular)
ललाटे (accusative dual)
ललाटानि (accusative plural)
ललाटा1 (accusative plural)
ललाटेन (instrumental singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ललाटैः (instrumental plural)
ललाटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ललाटाय (dative singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ललाटेभ्यः (dative plural)
ललाटात् (ablative singular)
ललाटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ललाटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ललाटस्य (genitive singular)
ललाटयोः (dual genitive)
ललाटानाम् (genitive plural)
ललाटे (locative singular)
ललाटयोः (dual locative)
ललाटेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: ललाट (lalāṭ)

→ Telugu: లలాటము (lalāṭamu)

/lɐ.lɑ́ː.ʈɐ/

/l̪ɐˈl̪ɑː.ʈɐ/


केश

kéśa (romanization)
केशः (nominative singular)
केशौ (dual nominative)
केशा1 (dual nominative)
केशाः (nominative plural)
केशासः1 (nominative plural)
केश (singular vocative)
केशौ (dual vocative)
केशा1 (dual vocative)
केशाः (plural vocative)
केशासः1 (plural vocative)
केशम् (accusative singular)
केशौ (accusative dual)
केशा1 (accusative dual)
केशान् (accusative plural)
केशेन (instrumental singular)
केशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
केशैः (instrumental plural)
केशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
केशाय (dative singular)
केशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
केशेभ्यः (dative plural)
केशात् (ablative singular)
केशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
केशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
केशस्य (genitive singular)
केशयोः (dual genitive)
केशानाम् (genitive plural)
केशे (locative singular)
केशयोः (dual locative)
केशेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: কেশ (kex)

Bengali: কেশ (keś)

Chakma: 𑄇𑄬𑄌𑄴 (kec)

Hindi: केश (keś)

Marathi: केस (kes)

Odia: କେଶ (keśa)

Tamil: கேசம் (kēcam)

Telugu: కేశము (kēśamu)

Urdu: کیش (keś)

Punjabi: ਕੇਸ (kes), ਕੇਸ਼ (keś)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *káyśas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas ~ gáyćas. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬎 (gaēsu, “curls”), Middle Persian gys (gēs, “curl, locks”) (whence Persian گیس (gis), گیسو (gisu, “ringlet of hair, forelock, sidelock, curl”)), Northern Kurdish kezî (kazī), Northern Luri گؽس (gês), Ossetian гъес (ǧes), хъис (qis, “bristle”). Akin to Old Armenian գէս (gēs), an Iranian borrowing.

अ॒भीशु॑ना॒ मेया॑ आसन्व्या॒मेना॑नु॒मेयाः॑।
केशा॑ न॒डा इ॑व वर्धन्तां शी॒र्ष्णस्ते॑ असि॒ताः परि॑ ॥
abhī́śunā méyā āsanvyāménānuméyāḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.137.2

They might be measured with a rein or measurable with both extended arms.
Let the black locks spring thick and strong and grow like reeds upon thy head.

kéśā naḍā́ iva vardhantāṃ śīrṣṇáste asitā́ḥ pári.

hair (of the head), locks of hair, tresses


बाल

bāla (romanization)
बालः (nominative singular)
बालौ (dual nominative)
बाला1 (dual nominative)
बालाः (nominative plural)
बालासः1 (nominative plural)
बाल (singular vocative)
बालौ (dual vocative)
बाला1 (dual vocative)
बालाः (plural vocative)
बालासः1 (plural vocative)
बालम् (accusative singular)
बालौ (accusative dual)
बाला1 (accusative dual)
बालान् (accusative plural)
बालेन (instrumental singular)
बालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बालैः (instrumental plural)
बालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बालाय (dative singular)
बालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बालेभ्यः (dative plural)
बालात् (ablative singular)
बालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बालस्य (genitive singular)
बालयोः (dual genitive)
बालानाम् (genitive plural)
बाले (locative singular)
बालयोः (dual locative)
बालेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: bāla
→ Khmer: ពាល (piəl)
→ Thai: พาล (paan)

→ Assamese: বাল (bal)

→ Bengali: বাল (bal)

→ Gujarati: બાળ (bāḷ)

→ Hindi: बाल (bāl)

→ Marathi: बाळ (bāḷ)

→ Old Javanese: wāla, bāla
> Javanese: ꦮꦭ (wala) (inherited)

Saraiki: ٻال (ḇāl)

→ Tamil: பாலன் (pālaṉ)

⇒ Telugu: బాలుండు (bāluṇḍu)

The origin is uncertain.
Perhaps a vṛddhi derivative of बल (bala, “strength”), denoting the potential and eventual power of youth; compare Lithuanian viekà (“power”) and vaikas (“child”) for an etymologically related pair (with each other, not to बाल (bāla)) with similar semantic connection; see also शिशु (śiśu).
Alternatively, imitative of the babbling of little children; compare बल्बला (balbalā, “to stammer”).
Finally, has been connected by Kuiper to Proto-Munda; compare Santali bale (“fresh, tender”) and Ho bāle (“young”), ultimately from Proto-Munda *bāle. Though this comparison is phonetically and semantically sound, it is unlikely for a Vedic word of such basic significance to be a loanword. In this case, the Munda words are from Sanskrit, possibly via a Prakrit.

न बालः अस्मि।


पुस्तक

pustaka (romanization)
पुस्तकम् (nominative singular)
पुस्तके (dual nominative)
पुस्तकानि (nominative plural)
पुस्तका1 (nominative plural)
पुस्तक (singular vocative)
पुस्तके (dual vocative)
पुस्तकानि (plural vocative)
पुस्तका1 (plural vocative)
पुस्तकम् (accusative singular)
पुस्तके (accusative dual)
पुस्तकानि (accusative plural)
पुस्तका1 (accusative plural)
पुस्तकेन (instrumental singular)
पुस्तकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुस्तकैः (instrumental plural)
पुस्तकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुस्तकाय (dative singular)
पुस्तकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुस्तकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुस्तकात् (ablative singular)
पुस्तकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुस्तकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुस्तकस्य (genitive singular)
पुस्तकयोः (dual genitive)
पुस्तकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुस्तके (locative singular)
पुस्तकयोः (dual locative)
पुस्तकेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: পুথি (puthi)

Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)

→ Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)

Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)

Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)

→ Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)

→ Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)

Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)

Kumaoni: पोथी

→ Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)

desc

→ Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)

→ Malay: pustaka

Indonesian: pustaka

→ Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṁ)

→ Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)

→ Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)

Odia: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (pothā)

Pali: potthaka

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)

→ Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)

Marwari: पोथी (pothī)

Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)

Sinhalese: පොත (pota)

Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)

→ Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)

→ Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)

desctree

→ Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
→ Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠲᠢ (boti) / боть (botʹ, “tome”)

→ Urdu: پستک (pustak)

Borrowed from some Middle Iranian language. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pwst'k, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian pwstg (pōstag, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); cognate with पवस्त (pavásta), and see the latter for further etymology).


मित्र

sa-noun

मित्र • (mitrá) stem, m or n (feminine मित्रा)

mitrá (romanization)
मित्रा (feminine)
मित्रः (nominative singular)
मित्रौ (dual nominative)
मित्रा1 (dual nominative)
मित्राः (nominative plural)
मित्रासः1 (nominative plural)
मित्र (singular vocative)
मित्रौ (dual vocative)
मित्रा1 (dual vocative)
मित्राः (plural vocative)
मित्रासः1 (plural vocative)
मित्रम् (accusative singular)
मित्रौ (accusative dual)
मित्रा1 (accusative dual)
मित्रान् (accusative plural)
मित्रेण (instrumental singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मित्रैः (instrumental plural)
मित्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मित्राय (dative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मित्रात् (ablative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मित्रस्य (genitive singular)
मित्रयोः (dual genitive)
मित्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मित्रे (locative singular)
मित्रयोः (dual locative)
मित्रेषु (locative plural)
मित्रम् (nominative singular)
मित्रे (dual nominative)
मित्राणि (nominative plural)
मित्रा1 (nominative plural)
मित्र (singular vocative)
मित्रे (dual vocative)
मित्राणि (plural vocative)
मित्रा1 (plural vocative)
मित्रम् (accusative singular)
मित्रे (accusative dual)
मित्राणि (accusative plural)
मित्रा1 (accusative plural)
मित्रेण (instrumental singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मित्रैः (instrumental plural)
मित्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मित्राय (dative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मित्रात् (ablative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मित्रस्य (genitive singular)
मित्रयोः (dual genitive)
मित्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मित्रे (locative singular)
मित्रयोः (dual locative)
मित्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /miθra/).


मित्र

mitrá (romanization)
मित्रम् (nominative singular)
मित्रे (dual nominative)
मित्राणि (nominative plural)
मित्रा1 (nominative plural)
मित्र (singular vocative)
मित्रे (dual vocative)
मित्राणि (plural vocative)
मित्रा1 (plural vocative)
मित्रम् (accusative singular)
मित्रे (accusative dual)
मित्राणि (accusative plural)
मित्रा1 (accusative plural)
मित्रेण (instrumental singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मित्रैः (instrumental plural)
मित्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मित्राय (dative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मित्रात् (ablative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मित्रस्य (genitive singular)
मित्रयोः (dual genitive)
मित्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मित्रे (locative singular)
मित्रयोः (dual locative)
मित्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: mạthᵃr

Devanagari script: मऺथर

Arabic script: مٔتھر

Pali: mitta

→ Thai: มิตร (mít)

→ Burmese: မိတ္တ (mitta.)

→ Khmer: មិត្ត (mɨt)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (mitta)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: mīt, mit, mītā

desc

Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता

Hindi: मीत, मित, मीता

Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا

Urdu: مِیت, مِت, مِیتَا

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: মিত (mit), মিতা (mita)

Bengali: মিতা (mita)

Odia: ମିତ (mita), ମିତା (mitā)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri:

Devanagari script: मीत

Kaithi script: 𑂧𑂲𑂞

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Kumaoni: मीत (mīt)

Nepali: मित (mit)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މިތުރު (mituru)

Sinhalese: මිත් (mit), මිතුරු (mituru)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: mitt

Gurmukhi script: ਮਿੱਤ

Shahmukhi script: مِتّ

Sindhi: miṭru

Arabic script: مِٹرُ

Devanagari script: मिट्रु

desctree

→ Old Javanese: mitra
> Javanese: ꦩꦶꦠꦿ (mitra) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: mitra

→ Balinese: ᬫᬶᬢ᭄ᬭ (mitra)

desc

→ Malayalam: മിത്രൻ (mitraṉ), മിത്രം (mitraṁ)

की॒दृङ्ङिन्द्र॑: सरमे॒ का दृ॑शी॒का यस्ये॒दं दू॒तीरस॑रः परा॒कात्।
आ च॒ गच्छा॑न्मि॒त्रम्एना दधा॒माथा॒ गवां॒ गोप॑तिर्नो भवाति॥
kīdṛ́ṅṅíndra: sarame kā́ dṛśīkā́ yásyedáṃ dūtī́rásaraḥ parākā́t.
ā́ ca gácchānmitráménā́ dádhāmā́thā gávāṃ gópatirno bhavāti.

Let him approach, and we will show him friendship: he shall be made the herdsman of our cattle.

What is that Indra like, what is his aspect whose envoy, Saramā, from afar thou comest?

(with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship

an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)

a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)

(at the end of a compound) resembling, like

name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)


कष्ट

kaṣṭa (romanization)
कष्टः (nominative singular)
कष्टौ (dual nominative)
कष्टा1 (dual nominative)
कष्टाः (nominative plural)
कष्टासः1 (nominative plural)
कष्ट (singular vocative)
कष्टौ (dual vocative)
कष्टा1 (dual vocative)
कष्टाः (plural vocative)
कष्टासः1 (plural vocative)
कष्टम् (accusative singular)
कष्टौ (accusative dual)
कष्टा1 (accusative dual)
कष्टान् (accusative plural)
कष्टेन (instrumental singular)
कष्टाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कष्टैः (instrumental plural)
कष्टेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कष्टाय (dative singular)
कष्टाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कष्टेभ्यः (dative plural)
कष्टात् (ablative singular)
कष्टाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कष्टेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कष्टस्य (genitive singular)
कष्टयोः (dual genitive)
कष्टानाम् (genitive plural)
कष्टे (locative singular)
कष्टयोः (dual locative)
कष्टेषु (locative plural)

Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.

noncog

भवतः किं कष्टं अस्ति

evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship

एतद् कष्टं न

this is not difficult; there is no difficulty in this


स्वप्न

svápna (romanization)
स्वप्नः (nominative singular)
स्वप्नौ (dual nominative)
स्वप्ना1 (dual nominative)
स्वप्नाः (nominative plural)
स्वप्नासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वप्न (singular vocative)
स्वप्नौ (dual vocative)
स्वप्ना1 (dual vocative)
स्वप्नाः (plural vocative)
स्वप्नासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वप्नम् (accusative singular)
स्वप्नौ (accusative dual)
स्वप्ना1 (accusative dual)
स्वप्नान् (accusative plural)
स्वप्नेन (instrumental singular)
स्वप्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वप्नैः (instrumental plural)
स्वप्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वप्नाय (dative singular)
स्वप्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वप्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वप्नात् (ablative singular)
स्वप्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वप्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वप्नस्य (genitive singular)
स्वप्नयोः (dual genitive)
स्वप्नानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वप्ने (locative singular)
स्वप्नयोः (dual locative)
स्वप्नेषु (locative plural)

→ Early Assamese: স্বপন (sbopono)

→ Assamese: সপোন (xopün)

→ Odia: ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ (svapna), ସପ୍ନ (sapna)

→ Marathi: स्वप्न (svapna)

→ Bengali: স্বপ্ন (śopno)

→ Pali: soppa

→ Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸੁਪਨਾ (supnā), ਸੁਫਨਾ (suphnā)

→ Sauraseni Prakrit:

→ Gujarati: સોણું (soṇũ), સમણું (samṇũ)

→ Hindi: सपना (sapnā)

→ Urdu: سپنا (sapnā)

→ Hindi: स्वप्न (svapna)

→ Maithili: 𑒮𑒣𑒢𑒰 (sapanā)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ವಪ್ನ (svapna)

→ Malayalam: സ്വപ്നം (svapnaṁ)

→ Tamil: சொப்பனம் (coppaṉam)

→ Telugu: స్వప్నము (svapnamu)

/ˈs̪ʋɐp.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *swep-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *swépnos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas
Sanskrit स्वप्न (svapna)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas (“sleep, dream”), from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep, dream”), from *swep- (“to sleep”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna), Latin somnus, sopor, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Lithuanian sapnas, Persian خواب (xvâb, “dream”), Old Church Slavonic сънъ (sŭnŭ), Old English swefn (whence English sweven).

inh

यो मे॑ राज॒न्युज्यो॑ वा॒ सखा॑ वा॒ स्वप्ने॑ भ॒यं भी॒रवे॒ मह्य॒माह॑।
स्ते॒नो वा॒ यो दिप्स॑ति नो॒ वृको॑ वा॒ त्वं तस्मा॑द्वरुण पाह्य॒स्मान्॥
yó me rājanyújyo vā sákhā vā svápne bhayáṃ bhīráve máhyamā́ha.
stenó vā yó dípsati no vṛ́ko vā tváṃ tásmādvaruṇa pāhyasmā́n.

Protect us, Varuṇa, against every peril which a kinsman or a friend threatens me with alarmed in sleep; or from a thief or a wolf that attempts to destroy us.

न स स्वो दक्षो॑ वरुण॒ ध्रुति॒: सा सुरा॑ म॒न्युर्वि॒भीद॑को॒ अचि॑त्तिः।
अस्ति॒ ज्याया॒न्कनी॑यस उपा॒रे स्वप्न॑श्च॒नेदनृ॑तस्य प्रयो॒ता॥
ná sá svó dákṣo varuṇa dhrúti: sā́ súrā manyúrvibhī́dako ácittiḥ.
ásti jyā́yānkánīyasa upāré svápnaścanédánṛtasya prayotā́.

It is not our own choice, Varuṇa, not our condition, that is the cause of our sinning; it is that which isintoxication, wrath, gambling, ignorance; there is a senior in the proximity of the junior; even a dream is aprovocation to sin.


उदास

From उद्- (ud-, “upon, upwards”) and आस (āsa, “seat”).

apathy, stoicism, indifference, lack of concern


पुत्री

putrī (romanization)
पुत्री (nominative singular)
पुत्र्यौ (dual nominative)
पुत्री1 (dual nominative)
पुत्र्यः (nominative plural)
पुत्रीः1 (nominative plural)
पुत्रि (singular vocative)
पुत्र्यौ (dual vocative)
पुत्री1 (dual vocative)
पुत्र्यः (plural vocative)
पुत्रीः1 (plural vocative)
पुत्रीम् (accusative singular)
पुत्र्यौ (accusative dual)
पुत्री1 (accusative dual)
पुत्रीः (accusative plural)
पुत्र्या (instrumental singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुत्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
पुत्र्यै (dative singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुत्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
पुत्र्याः (ablative singular)
पुत्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
पुत्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुत्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुत्र्याः (genitive singular)
पुत्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
पुत्र्योः (dual genitive)
पुत्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
पुत्र्याम् (locative singular)
पुत्र्योः (dual locative)
पुत्रीषु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤਰੀ (puttarī)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पुत्री (putrī)

Urdu: پتری (putrī)

→ Bengali: পুত্রী (putri)

→ Khmer: បុត្រី (botrey)

→ Malayalam: പുത്രി (putri)

→ Malay: puteri

Indonesian: putri

→ Telugu: పుత్రిక f (putrika)

→ Thai: บุตรี (bùt-dtrii)


शक्ति

śákti (romanization)
śaktí (romanization)
शक्तिः (nominative singular)
शक्ती (dual nominative)
शक्तयः (nominative plural)
शक्ते (singular vocative)
शक्ती (dual vocative)
शक्तयः (plural vocative)
शक्तिम् (accusative singular)
शक्ती (accusative dual)
शक्तीन् (accusative plural)
शक्तिना (instrumental singular)
शक्त्या1 (instrumental singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शक्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
शक्तये (dative singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शक्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
शक्तेः (ablative singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शक्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शक्तेः (genitive singular)
शक्त्योः (dual genitive)
शक्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
शक्तौ (locative singular)
शक्ता1 (locative singular)
शक्त्योः (dual locative)
शक्तिषु (locative plural)
शक्तिः (nominative singular)
शक्ती (dual nominative)
शक्तयः (nominative plural)
शक्ते (singular vocative)
शक्ती (dual vocative)
शक्तयः (plural vocative)
शक्तिम् (accusative singular)
शक्ती (accusative dual)
शक्तीन् (accusative plural)
शक्तिना (instrumental singular)
शक्त्या1 (instrumental singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शक्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
शक्तये (dative singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शक्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
शक्तेः (ablative singular)
शक्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शक्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शक्तेः (genitive singular)
शक्त्योः (dual genitive)
शक्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
शक्तौ (locative singular)
शक्ता1 (locative singular)
शक्त्योः (dual locative)
शक्तिषु (locative plural)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Gujarati: શક્તિ (śakti)

Punjabi: ਸਗਤ (sagat)

Pali: satti

→ Hindi: शक्ति (śakti)

→ Bengali: শক্তি (śokti)

→ Khmer: សក្តិ (sak)

→ Malayalam: ശക്തി (śakti)

→ Malay: sakti

Indonesian: sakti

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śakti
Javanese: ꦱꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sakti) → ꦱꦼꦏ꧀ꦠꦶ (sekti)
→ Balinese: ᬰᬓ᭄ᬢᬶ (sakti)

desc

→ Tamil: சக்தி (cakti), சத்தி (catti), ஷக்தி (ṣakti)

→ Telugu: శక్తి (śakti)

Thai: ศักดิ์ (sàk), ศักดิ (sàk-dì-), ศักติ

From the root शक् (śak, “to be able to”) + -ति (-ti).


खेलना

khelanā (romanization)
खेलना (nominative singular)
खेलने (dual nominative)
खेलनाः (nominative plural)
खेलने (singular vocative)
खेलने (dual vocative)
खेलनाः (plural vocative)
खेलनाम् (accusative singular)
खेलने (accusative dual)
खेलनाः (accusative plural)
खेलनया (instrumental singular)
खेलना1 (instrumental singular)
खेलनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खेलनाभिः (instrumental plural)
खेलनायै (dative singular)
खेलनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खेलनाभ्यः (dative plural)
खेलनायाः (ablative singular)
खेलनायै2 (ablative singular)
खेलनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खेलनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
खेलनायाः (genitive singular)
खेलनायै2 (genitive singular)
खेलनयोः (dual genitive)
खेलनानाम् (genitive plural)
खेलनायाम् (locative singular)
खेलनयोः (dual locative)
खेलनासु (locative plural)

/ˈkʰeː.l̪ɐ.n̪ɑː/

Alternative spelling of खेलन (khelana), from खेलन (khelana) + -आ (-ā)


खेद

kheda (romanization)
खेदः (nominative singular)
खेदौ (dual nominative)
खेदा1 (dual nominative)
खेदाः (nominative plural)
खेदासः1 (nominative plural)
खेद (singular vocative)
खेदौ (dual vocative)
खेदा1 (dual vocative)
खेदाः (plural vocative)
खेदासः1 (plural vocative)
खेदम् (accusative singular)
खेदौ (accusative dual)
खेदा1 (accusative dual)
खेदान् (accusative plural)
खेदेन (instrumental singular)
खेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खेदैः (instrumental plural)
खेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खेदाय (dative singular)
खेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
खेदात् (ablative singular)
खेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खेदस्य (genitive singular)
खेदयोः (dual genitive)
खेदानाम् (genitive plural)
खेदे (locative singular)
खेदयोः (dual locative)
खेदेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kheda

Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀅 (khea)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: खेद (khed)

Urdu: کھید (khed)


ऋतु

ṛtú (romanization)
ऋतुः (nominative singular)
ऋतू (dual nominative)
ऋतवः (nominative plural)
ऋतो (singular vocative)
ऋतू (dual vocative)
ऋतवः (plural vocative)
ऋतुम् (accusative singular)
ऋतू (accusative dual)
ऋतून् (accusative plural)
ऋतुना (instrumental singular)
ऋत्वा1 (instrumental singular)
ऋतुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋतुभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋतवे (dative singular)
ऋत्वे1 (dative singular)
ऋतुभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋतुभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋतोः (ablative singular)
ऋत्वः1 (ablative singular)
ऋतुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋतुभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋतोः (genitive singular)
ऋत्वः1 (genitive singular)
ऋत्वोः (dual genitive)
ऋतूनाम् (genitive plural)
ऋतौ (locative singular)
ऋत्वोः (dual locative)
ऋतुषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀉 (uu)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੁੱਤ (rutta)

Shahmukhi script: رُت (rutta)

Pali: utu

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥túš (“fixed period of time, season”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tú-s, from *h₂er- (“to fit, fix”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (ratu, “period of time”), Ancient Greek ἀρτύς (artús, “bond”), Old Armenian արդ (ard), Latin artus (“joint”).

inh+

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action (especially for sacrifices and other regular worship), right or fit time

आग॑न्दे॒व ऋ॒तुभि॒र्वर्ध॑तु॒ क्षयं॒ दधा॑तु नः सवि॒ता सु॑प्र॒जामिष॑म्।
स न॑: क्ष॒पाभि॒रह॑भिश्च जिन्वतु प्र॒जाव॑न्तं र॒यिम॒स्मे समि॑न्वतु॥
ā́gandevá ṛtúbhirvárdhatu kṣáyaṃ dádhātu naḥ savitā́ suprajā́míṣam.

With the year's seasons hath Savitar, God, come nigh: may he prosper our home, give food and noble sons.
May he invigorate us through the days and nights, and may he send us opulence with progeny.

sá na: kṣapā́bhiráhabhiśca jinvatu prajā́vantaṃ rayímasmé sáminvatu.

an epoch, period (especially a division or part of the year), season

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

the menstrual discharge (in women), the time after the courses (favourable for procreation; according to Bhāvaprakāśa sixteen days after their appearance)


मनस्

mánas (romanization)
मनः (nominative singular)
मनसी (dual nominative)
मनांसि (nominative plural)
मनः (singular vocative)
मनसी (dual vocative)
मनांसि (plural vocative)
मनः (accusative singular)
मनसी (accusative dual)
मनांसि (accusative plural)
मनसा (instrumental singular)
मनोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मनोभिः (instrumental plural)
मनसे (dative singular)
मनोभ्याम् (dative dual)
मनोभ्यः (dative plural)
मनसः (ablative singular)
मनोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मनोभ्यः (ablative plural)
मनसः (genitive singular)
मनसोः (dual genitive)
मनसाम् (genitive plural)
मनसि (locative singular)
मनसोः (dual locative)
मनःसु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: manas
→ Burmese: မနော (ma.nau:)
→ Thai: มโน (má-noo)
→ Thai: มน (mon)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀡 (maṇa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: मनस् (manas)

desc

→ Kannada: ಮನಸ್ಸು (manassu), ಮನಸು (manasu), ಮನ (mana)

→ Tamil: மனசு (maṉacu), மனது (maṉatu), மனம் (maṉam)

→ Telugu: మనసు (manasu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *men-
Proto-Indo-European *ménos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas
Sanskrit मनस् (manas)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mánas (“mind”), from Proto-Indo-European *ménos (“mind”), from *men- (“to think”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵 (manah), Old Persian 𐎶𐎴𐏃 (m-n-h /manah/), Latin mēns, Ancient Greek μένος (ménos), and English mind. Equivalent to मन् (man, "to think", root) + -अस् (-as).

af

उ॒त त्वा॒ स्त्री शशी॑यसी पुं॒सो भ॑वति॒ वस्य॑सी ।
अदे॑वत्रादरा॒धसः॑ ॥
वि या जा॒नाति॒ जसु॑रिं॒ वि तृष्य॑न्तं॒ वि का॒मिन॑म् ।
दे॒व॒त्रा कृ॑णु॒ते मनः॑ ॥
utá tvā strī́ śáśīyasī puṃsó bhavati vásyasī.
ádevatrādarādhásaḥ.
ví yā́ jānā́ti jásuriṃ ví tṛ́ṣyantaṃ ví kāmínam.

Yea, many a woman is more firm and better than the man who turns away from Gods, and does not worship.
She who discerns the weak and worn and the man who thirsts and is in want
She sets her mind upon the Gods.

mind (in its widest sense as applied to all the mental powers), intellect, intelligence, understanding, perception, sense, conscience, will

the spirit or spiritual principle, the breath or living soul which escapes from the body at death

thought, imagination, excogitation, invention, reflection, opinion, intention, inclination, affection, desire, mood, temper, spirit


जगन्नाथ

jagannāthá (romanization)
जगन्नाथः (nominative singular)
जगन्नाथौ (dual nominative)
जगन्नाथा1 (dual nominative)
जगन्नाथाः (nominative plural)
जगन्नाथासः1 (nominative plural)
जगन्नाथ (singular vocative)
जगन्नाथौ (dual vocative)
जगन्नाथा1 (dual vocative)
जगन्नाथाः (plural vocative)
जगन्नाथासः1 (plural vocative)
जगन्नाथम् (accusative singular)
जगन्नाथौ (accusative dual)
जगन्नाथा1 (accusative dual)
जगन्नाथान् (accusative plural)
जगन्नाथेन (instrumental singular)
जगन्नाथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जगन्नाथैः (instrumental plural)
जगन्नाथेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जगन्नाथाय (dative singular)
जगन्नाथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जगन्नाथेभ्यः (dative plural)
जगन्नाथात् (ablative singular)
जगन्नाथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जगन्नाथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जगन्नाथस्य (genitive singular)
जगन्नाथयोः (dual genitive)
जगन्नाथानाम् (genitive plural)
जगन्नाथे (locative singular)
जगन्नाथयोः (dual locative)
जगन्नाथेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: জগন্নাথ (zogonnath)

Bengali: জগন্নাথ (jogonnath)

Hindi: जगन्नाथ (jagannāth)

English: juggernaut

Kannada: ಜಗನ್ನಾಥ (jagannātha)

Odia: ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ (jagannātha)

Telugu: జగన్నాథుడు (jagannāthuḍu)

desc

Urdu: جگناتھ

Urdu: جگناتھ

/d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐn.nɑː.tʰɐ́/

/d͡ʑɐ.ɡɐn̪ˈn̪ɑː.t̪ʰɐ/

Compound of जगन् (jágan, “world”) + नाथ (nāthá, “lord”).

com+

one of the names of Krishna, an avatar of Vishnu


जगत्

jágat (romanization)
जगत् (nominative singular)
जगन्ती (dual nominative)
जगन्ति (nominative plural)
जगत् (singular vocative)
जगन्ती (dual vocative)
जगन्ति (plural vocative)
जगत् (accusative singular)
जगन्ती (accusative dual)
जगन्ति (accusative plural)
जगता (instrumental singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जगद्भिः (instrumental plural)
जगते (dative singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
जगद्भ्यः (dative plural)
जगतः (ablative singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
जगद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
जगतः (genitive singular)
जगतोः (dual genitive)
जगताम् (genitive plural)
जगति (locative singular)
जगतोः (dual locative)
जगत्सु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi: jag

Gurmukhi script: ਜਗ

Shahmukhi script: جَگ

→ Malay: jagat
Indonesian: jagat

desctree

→ Old Javanese: jagat
Javanese: ꦗꦒꦠ꧀ (jagat)

→ Assamese: জগৎ (zogot)

→ Bengali: জগৎ (jogot)

→ Marathi: जगत (jagat)

→ Nepali: जगत् (jagat)

→ Hindi: जगत् (jagat) (learned)

→ Odia: ଜଗତ୍ (jagat) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਜਗਤ (jagat) (learned)

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɡɐt̪/

Nominal form of an unattested *जगाति (jagāti, “goes”), from the root गा (gā, “to go, approach, pursue”).

sa-root

that which moves or is alive, men and animals, animals as opposed to men, men

the world (esp. this world), earth, the universe

(in the dual) heaven and the lower world


जगत्

jágat (romanization)
जगत् (nominative singular)
जगतौ (dual nominative)
जगता1 (dual nominative)
जगतः (nominative plural)
जगत् (singular vocative)
जगतौ (dual vocative)
जगता1 (dual vocative)
जगतः (plural vocative)
जगतम् (accusative singular)
जगतौ (accusative dual)
जगता1 (accusative dual)
जगतः (accusative plural)
जगता (instrumental singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जगद्भिः (instrumental plural)
जगते (dative singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
जगद्भ्यः (dative plural)
जगतः (ablative singular)
जगद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
जगद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
जगतः (genitive singular)
जगतोः (dual genitive)
जगताम् (genitive plural)
जगति (locative singular)
जगतोः (dual locative)
जगत्सु (locative plural)

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɡɐt̪/


नाथ

nāthá (romanization)
नाथम् (nominative singular)
नाथे (dual nominative)
नाथानि (nominative plural)
नाथा1 (nominative plural)
नाथ (singular vocative)
नाथे (dual vocative)
नाथानि (plural vocative)
नाथा1 (plural vocative)
नाथम् (accusative singular)
नाथे (accusative dual)
नाथानि (accusative plural)
नाथा1 (accusative plural)
नाथेन (instrumental singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाथैः (instrumental plural)
नाथेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नाथाय (dative singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाथेभ्यः (dative plural)
नाथात् (ablative singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाथस्य (genitive singular)
नाथयोः (dual genitive)
नाथानाम् (genitive plural)
नाथे (locative singular)
नाथयोः (dual locative)
नाथेषु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪ɑː.t̪ʰɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HnaHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HnaHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃neh₂- (“to help, support”), with semantic influence from the etymologically root नाध् (nādh, “to seek help”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀνί̆νημῐ (oní̆nēmĭ, “to help; to please”). The Sanskrit root is नाथ् (nāth, “to seek aid, ask”).


नाथ

nāthá (romanization)
नाथः (nominative singular)
नाथौ (dual nominative)
नाथा1 (dual nominative)
नाथाः (nominative plural)
नाथासः1 (nominative plural)
नाथ (singular vocative)
नाथौ (dual vocative)
नाथा1 (dual vocative)
नाथाः (plural vocative)
नाथासः1 (plural vocative)
नाथम् (accusative singular)
नाथौ (accusative dual)
नाथा1 (accusative dual)
नाथान् (accusative plural)
नाथेन (instrumental singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाथैः (instrumental plural)
नाथेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नाथाय (dative singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाथेभ्यः (dative plural)
नाथात् (ablative singular)
नाथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाथस्य (genitive singular)
नाथयोः (dual genitive)
नाथानाम् (genitive plural)
नाथे (locative singular)
नाथयोः (dual locative)
नाथेषु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪ɑː.t̪ʰɐ/

(often at the end of compounds, esp. in names of gods and men) protector, patron, possessor, owner, ward, guardian, lord

a rope passed through the nose of a draft ox


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रः (nominative singular)
चन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
चन्द्राः (nominative plural)
चन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
चन्द्राः (plural vocative)
चन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
चन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ژۆندُر (ċondur)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނދު (haⁿdu)

Sinhalese: හඳ (haⁿda)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চান্দ (sand)

Bengali: চাঁদ (cãd)

Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ (cåndå)

Rohingya: san

Sylheti: ꠌꠣꠘ꠆ꠖ (sando)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: चंद्रु (candru)

Old Marathi: 𑘓𑘰𑘽𑘟 (cāṃda)

Marathi: चांद (cānda), चंद (canda)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀘𑀁𑀤 (caṃda)

Gujarati: ચાંદ (cā̃d)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चाँद (cā̃d), चांद (cānd)

Urdu: چاند (cānd)

Nepali: चाँद् (cā̃d)

Punjabi: ਚੰਦ (cand), ਚੰਨ (cann)

Marwari: चांद (cā̃d)

Sindhi: چَنڊُ (candu)

Pali: canda

→ Burmese: စန္ဒာ (canda), စန်း (can:)

→ Khmer: ព្រះច័ន្ទ (prĕəh can)

→ Assamese: চন্দ্ৰ (sondro) (learned)

→ Bengali: চন্দ্র (côndrô) (learned)

desc

→ English: Chandra, Chander, Shandra (learned)

→ Burmese: စန္ဒြာ (candra) (learned)

→ Gujarati: ચંદ્ર (candra) (learned)

→ Thai: จันท์ (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चन्द्र (candra), चन्दर (candar)

Urdu: چندر (candra)

→ Indonesian: candra (learned)

→ Kannada: ಚಂದ್ರ (candra) (learned)

→ Konkani: चन्द्र (candr) (learned)

→ Lao: ຈັນ (chan) (learned)

desctree

→ Malay: cendera (learned)
Indonesian: cendera

desc

→ Malayalam: ചന്ദ്രന് (candraṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: चन्द्र (candra) (learned)

→ Nepali: चन्द्र (candra), चन्द्रमा (candramā) (learned)

→ Odia: ଚନ୍ଦ୍ର (cåndrå) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚੰਦ੍ਰ (candr), ਚੰਦਰ (candar) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: candra (learned)
Javanese: ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (candra)
→ Balinese: ᬘᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (candra)

→ Shan: ၸၼ်ႇတႃႇ (tsàn tàa) (learned)

desc

→ Sinhalese: චන්ද්රයා (candrayā) (learned)

→ Lü: ᦶᦈᧃ (ṫsaen) (learned)

→ Tamil: சந்திரன் (cantiraṉ) (learned)

→ Telugu: చంద్రుడు (candruḍu) (learned)

→ Thai: จันทร์ (jan) (learned)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)ćandrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)čandrás, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand-. Doublet of श्चन्द्र (ścandrá, “shining, radiant”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”), Latin candeō, Old Armenian խանդ (xand). See also the root चन्द् (cand, “to shine, be bright, gladden”).

cog

अ॒मी य ऋक्षा॒ निहि॑तास उ॒च्चा नक्तं॒ ददृ॑श्रे॒ कुह॑ चि॒द्दिवे॑युः।
अद॑ब्धानि॒ वरु॑णस्य व्र॒तानि॑ वि॒चाक॑शच्चन्द्रमा॒ नक्त॑मेति॥
amī́ yá ṛ́kṣā níhitāsa uccā́ náktaṃ dádṛśre kúha ciddíveyuḥ.
ádabdhāni váruṇasya vratā́ni vicā́kaśaccandramā náktameti.

These constellations pluralised on high, which are visible by night, and go elsewhere by day, are the undisturbed holy acts of Varuṇa and by his command the moon moves resplendent by night.

पार्थिवचन्द्र (pārthiva-candra) or नरेन्द्रचन्द्र (narendra-candra)

a lovely or agreeable phenomenon of any kind

काम्पिल्ल काम्पिल्ल#Sanskrit

चन्द्रवर्मन् चन्द्रवर्मन्#Sanskrit

name of a daitya (= चन्द्रवर्मन् (candra-varman), king of the kāmbojas)

विश्वगन्धि विश्वगन्धि#Sanskrit

युवनाश्व युवनाश्व#Sanskrit

name of a son of विश्वगन्धि (viśva-gandhi) and father of युवनाश्व (yuvanāśva)

चन्द्रगोमिन् चन्द्रगोमिन्#Sanskrit

name of a grammarian (= चन्द्रगोमिन् (candra-gomin))

name of one of the ancestors of the गौड (gauḍa) Brahmins

चन्द्रपर्वत चन्द्रपर्वत#Sanskrit


चन्द्र

candrá (romanization)
चन्द्रम् (nominative singular)
चन्द्रे (dual nominative)
चन्द्राणि (nominative plural)
चन्द्रा1 (nominative plural)
चन्द्र (singular vocative)
चन्द्रे (dual vocative)
चन्द्राणि (plural vocative)
चन्द्रा1 (plural vocative)
चन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
चन्द्रे (accusative dual)
चन्द्राणि (accusative plural)
चन्द्रा1 (accusative plural)
चन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
चन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चन्द्राय (dative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
चन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
चन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
चन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
चन्द्रे (locative singular)
चन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
चन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

/t͡ɕɐn.dɾɐ́/

/ˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

RV 2.2.4c
तमुक्षमाणं रजसि सव आ दमे चन्द्रमिव सुरुचं हवार आ दधुः |
पर्श्न्याः पतरं चितयन्तमक्षभिः पाथो न पायुं जनसी उभे अनु ||
tamukṣamāṇaṃ rajasi sva ā dame candramiva surucaṃ hvāra ā dadhuḥ |
pṛśnyāḥ pataraṃ citayantamakṣabhiḥ pātho na pāyuṃ janasī ubhe anu ||
Him have they set in his own dwelling, in the vault, like the gold waxing, fulgent, in the realm of air.
Bird of the firmament, observant with his eyes, guard of the place as'twere, looking to Gods and men.

गुडूची गुडूची#Sanskrit

चन्द्रास्पदा चन्द्रास्पदा#Sanskrit

= चन्द्रास्पदा (candrā-spadā)


मठ

maṭha (romanization)
मठः (nominative singular)
मठौ (dual nominative)
मठाः (nominative plural)
मठ (singular vocative)
मठौ (dual vocative)
मठाः (plural vocative)
मठम् (accusative singular)
मठौ (accusative dual)
मठान् (accusative plural)
मठेन (instrumental singular)
मठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मठैः (instrumental plural)
मठाय (dative singular)
मठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मठेभ्यः (dative plural)
मठात् (ablative singular)
मठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मठस्य (genitive singular)
मठयोः (dual genitive)
मठानाम् (genitive plural)
मठे (locative singular)
मठयोः (dual locative)
मठेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मठ

Tamil: மடம் (maṭam)

Telugu: మఠము (maṭhamu)


मेध

médha (romanization)
मेधः (nominative singular)
मेधौ (dual nominative)
मेधा1 (dual nominative)
मेधाः (nominative plural)
मेधासः1 (nominative plural)
मेध (singular vocative)
मेधौ (dual vocative)
मेधा1 (dual vocative)
मेधाः (plural vocative)
मेधासः1 (plural vocative)
मेधम् (accusative singular)
मेधौ (accusative dual)
मेधा1 (accusative dual)
मेधान् (accusative plural)
मेधेन (instrumental singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेधैः (instrumental plural)
मेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेधाय (dative singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेधात् (ablative singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेधस्य (genitive singular)
मेधयोः (dual genitive)
मेधानाम् (genitive plural)
मेधे (locative singular)
मेधयोः (dual locative)
मेधेषु (locative plural)

Pali: medha

→ Tamil: மேதம் (mētam)

Of uncertain origin. Likely related to मियेध (miyedha, “sacrificial oblation”). Connections to मेधा (medhā, “wisdom; mental ability”) have also been proposed. A relation has also been proposed to Gaulish *meduos, attested in Epomeduos, which is directly comparable with अश्वमेध (aśvamedha).

juice of meat, broth, nourishing or strengthening drink

an animal sacrifice, offering, oblation, any sacrifice (esp. at the end of a compound)


अमृता

amṛ́tā (romanization)
अमृता (nominative singular)
अमृते (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृते (singular vocative)
अमृते (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृताम् (accusative singular)
अमृते (accusative dual)
अमृताः (accusative plural)
अमृतया (instrumental singular)
अमृता1 (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृताभिः (instrumental plural)
अमृतायै (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृताभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतायाः (ablative singular)
अमृतायै2 (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृताभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतायाः (genitive singular)
अमृतायै2 (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृतायाम् (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतासु (locative plural)

/ɐˈmr̩.t̪ɑː/

Phyllanthus emblica
Phyllanthus emblica#Translingual

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual

a name of specific plants: Emblica officinalis ⇒ Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia citrina, Cocculus cordifolius, Piper longum, Ocymum sanctum ⇒ Ocimum tenuiflorum

name of the first kala of the moon (Brahma Purana)


अमृता

sa-noun form

अमृता • (amṛ́tā)

/ɐˈmr̩.t̪ɑː/

अमृता for meaning when accent is on the first syllable

sandhi form of nominative plural of अमृत (amṛta, “god”)

(Vedic) nominative/accusative dual of अमृत (amṛta, “god”)


अमृता

अमृता • (amṛ́tā)

/ɐˈmr̩.t̪ɑː/

(Vedic) nominative/accusative plural of अमृत (amṛta, “ambrosia”)


अमृता

अमृता • (ámṛtā)

See अमृत (amṛta). The Vedic accent goes on the first syllable of the vocative.

अमृता for meaning when accent is on the second syllable

sandhi form of vocative plural of अमृत (amṛta, “god”)

(Vedic) vocative dual of अमृत (amṛta, “god”)


अमृता

अमृता • (ámṛtā)

sandhi form of vocative plural of अमृत (amṛta, “goddess”)


अमृता

अमृता • (ámṛtā)

(Vedic) vocative plural of अमृत (amṛta, “ambrosia”)


वर्ष

varṣá (romanization)
वर्षम् (nominative singular)
वर्षे (dual nominative)
वर्षाणि (nominative plural)
वर्षा1 (nominative plural)
वर्ष (singular vocative)
वर्षे (dual vocative)
वर्षाणि (plural vocative)
वर्षा1 (plural vocative)
वर्षम् (accusative singular)
वर्षे (accusative dual)
वर्षाणि (accusative plural)
वर्षा1 (accusative plural)
वर्षेण (instrumental singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वर्षैः (instrumental plural)
वर्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वर्षाय (dative singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
वर्षात् (ablative singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वर्षस्य (genitive singular)
वर्षयोः (dual genitive)
वर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
वर्षे (locative singular)
वर्षयोः (dual locative)
वर्षेषु (locative plural)
वर्षः (nominative singular)
वर्षौ (dual nominative)
वर्षा1 (dual nominative)
वर्षाः (nominative plural)
वर्षासः1 (nominative plural)
वर्ष (singular vocative)
वर्षौ (dual vocative)
वर्षा1 (dual vocative)
वर्षाः (plural vocative)
वर्षासः1 (plural vocative)
वर्षम् (accusative singular)
वर्षौ (accusative dual)
वर्षा1 (accusative dual)
वर्षान् (accusative plural)
वर्षेण (instrumental singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वर्षैः (instrumental plural)
वर्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वर्षाय (dative singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
वर्षात् (ablative singular)
वर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वर्षस्य (genitive singular)
वर्षयोः (dual genitive)
वर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
वर्षे (locative singular)
वर्षयोः (dual locative)
वर्षेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: báṣik

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: ؤری (wạrī), वॅरी (wạrī)

Devanagari script: वऺरी (wạrī)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲 (varisa)

Konkani: vars

Devanagari script: वर्स

Konkani: ವರ್ಸ್

Latin script: voros

Marathi: वरीस (varīs)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨬𐨪𐨿𐨮 (varṣa)

Pali: vassa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀭𑀺𑀲 (varisa)

Old Hindi: बरस (barasa)

Hindi: बरस (baras)

Gujarati: વરસ (varas)

Romani: berś

→ Hindi: वर्ष (varṣ)

→ Kannada: ವರ್ಷ (varṣa)

→ Malayalam: വർഷം (vaṟṣaṁ)

→ Mannan: വരികം (varikaṁ)

→ Marathi: वर्ष (varṣa)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: warṣa
Javanese: ꦮꦂꦱ (warsa)
→ Indonesian: warsa
→ Balinese: ᬯᬃᬱ (warsa)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀯𑀭𑀼𑀝𑀫𑁆 (varuṭam)
Tamil: வருடம் (varuṭam)

→ Punjabi: ਵਰਸ਼ (varaś)

→ Tamil: வருஷம் (varuṣam)

→ Telugu: వర్షము (varṣamu)

→ Thai: พรรษ (pát), พรรษา (pan-sǎa), วรรษ (wát), วรรษา

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwaršám, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wers-ó-m, from the root *h₁wers- (“to rain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕρση (hérsē, “dew”), Old Irish frass (“rain-shower”). By surface analysis, वृष् (vṛṣ, “rain”, root) + -अ (-a).
The meaning "year" developed from the fact that a year can be interpreted as the period of time from one monsoon to the next and any point of time a particular number of years into the past or future can be expressed as that many monsoons ago or later.

surf

प्रथिष्ट यामन्पृथिवी चिदेषां भर्तेव गर्भं स्वमिच्छवो धुः।
वातान्ह्यश्वान्धुर्यायुयुज्रे वर्षं स्वेदं चक्रिरे रुद्रियासः॥
prathiṣṭa yāmanpṛthivī cideṣāṃ bharteva garbhaṃ svamicchavo dhuḥ.

Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and they as husbands have with power impregned her.
They to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers: their sweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.

vātānhyaśvāndhuryāyuyujre varṣaṃ svedaṃ cakrire rudriyāsaḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

हिरण्मय हिरण्मय#Sanskrit

रम्यक रम्यक#Sanskrit

इलावृत इलावृत#Sanskrit

केतुमाला केतुमाला#Sanskrit

भद्राश्व भद्राश्व#Sanskrit

किंनर किंनर#Sanskrit

a division of the earth as separated off by certain mountain ranges (9 such divisions are enumerated, namely कुरु (kuru), हिरण्मय (hiraṇmaya), रम्यक (ramyaka), इलावृत (ilāvṛta), हरि (hari); केतुमाला (ketumālā), भद्राश्व (bhadrāśva), किंनर (kiṃnara), and भारत (bhārata); sometimes the number given is 7)


अश्वमेध

aśvamedhá (romanization)
अश्वमेधः (nominative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वमेधाः (nominative plural)
अश्वमेधासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्वमेध (singular vocative)
अश्वमेधौ (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वमेधाः (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वमेधम् (accusative singular)
अश्वमेधौ (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वमेधान् (accusative plural)
अश्वमेधेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वमेधैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वमेधाय (dative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वमेधात् (ablative singular)
अश्वमेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वमेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वमेधस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वमेधानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वमेधे (locative singular)
अश्वमेधयोः (dual locative)
अश्वमेधेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವಮೇಧ (aśvamēdha)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘦𑘹𑘠 (aśvamedha)

→ Marathi: अश्वमेध (aśvamedh)

→ Tamil: அசுவமேத (acuvamēta)

→ Telugu: అశ్వమేధము (aśvamēdhamu)

→ Tocharian B: aśvamet

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ́/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐˈmeː.d̪ʱɐ/

An oxytonic tatpurusa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”). Possible cognate with Gaulish Epomeduos (“name of a festival and a deity”).

cog

(Hinduism) horse sacrifice, the Ashvamedha ritual


आज्ञा

sa-noun

आज्ञा • (ājñā) stem, f

ājñā (romanization)
आज्ञा (nominative singular)
आज्ञे (dual nominative)
आज्ञाः (nominative plural)
आज्ञे (singular vocative)
आज्ञे (dual vocative)
आज्ञाः (plural vocative)
आज्ञाम् (accusative singular)
आज्ञे (accusative dual)
आज्ञाः (accusative plural)
आज्ञया (instrumental singular)
आज्ञाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आज्ञाभिः (instrumental plural)
आज्ञायै (dative singular)
आज्ञाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आज्ञाभ्यः (dative plural)
आज्ञायाः (ablative singular)
आज्ञाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आज्ञाभ्यः (ablative plural)
आज्ञायाः (genitive singular)
आज्ञयोः (dual genitive)
आज्ञानाम् (genitive plural)
आज्ञायाम् (locative singular)
आज्ञयोः (dual locative)
आज्ञासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of आज्ञा

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀡𑀸 (āṇā)

Pali: āṇā

→ Tamil: ஆணை (āṇai)

→ Thai: อาณา (aa-naa)

→ Sinhalese: අණ (aṇa), ඇණය (æṇaya)

Punjabi: ਅੱਗਾਯਾ (aggāyā)

→ Assamese: আজ্ঞা (agga)

→ Bengali: আজ্ঞা (ajna), আগ্গাঁ (aggã)

→ Gujarati: આજ્ઞા (ājñā)

desc

→ Hindi: आज्ञा (ājñā)

→ Hindi: आज्ञा (ājñā)

→ Malayalam: ആജ്ഞ (ājña)

→ Marathi: आज्ञा (ājñā)

→ Nepali: आज्ञा (āgyā), आग्ग्याँ (āggyā̃)

→ Old Javanese: ājñā

→ Odia: ଆଜ୍ଞା (ājñā)

→ Odia: ଆଜ୍ଞା (ājñā)

→ Sinhalese: ආඥාව (āgnāwa)

→ Tamil: ஆஞ்ஞை (āññai)

→ Telugu: ఆజ్ఞ (ājña)

/ˈɑːd͡ʑ.ɲɑː/

affix

आ- (ā-) + ज्ञा (jñā)

name of the tenth lunar mansion (VarBṛ.)

अनाज्ञया (an-ā-jñayā)


अज्ञान

Hindi: अयाना (ayānā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

desc

Punjabi: ਨਿਆਣਾ (niāṇā, “child, childlike”)

/ɐd͡ʑ.ɲɑː.nɐ/

/ɐd͡ʑˈɲɑː.n̪ɐ/


उदर

udára (romanization)
उदरम् (nominative singular)
उदरे (dual nominative)
उदराणि (nominative plural)
उदरा1 (nominative plural)
उदर (singular vocative)
उदरे (dual vocative)
उदराणि (plural vocative)
उदरा1 (plural vocative)
उदरम् (accusative singular)
उदरे (accusative dual)
उदराणि (accusative plural)
उदरा1 (accusative plural)
उदरेण (instrumental singular)
उदराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उदरैः (instrumental plural)
उदरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उदराय (dative singular)
उदराभ्याम् (dative dual)
उदरेभ्यः (dative plural)
उदरात् (ablative singular)
उदराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उदरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उदरस्य (genitive singular)
उदरयोः (dual genitive)
उदराणाम् (genitive plural)
उदरे (locative singular)
उदरयोः (dual locative)
उदरेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: उदर (udar)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀅𑀭 (uara)

→ Telugu: ఉదరము (udaramu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *udáram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *udáras, from Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“belly”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬚𐬭𐬄𐬯𐬀 (udarōθrąsa, “snake creeping on the belly”), Latin uterus.

cog

क्रत्व॒ इत्पू॒र्णम्उ॒दरं॑ तु॒रस्या॑स्ति विध॒तः।
वृ॒त्र॒घ्नः सो॑म॒पाव्न॑:॥
krátva ítpūrṇámudáraṃ turásyāsti vidhatáḥ.
vṛtraghnáḥ somapā́vna:.

The belly of the Soma-drinker, the eager slayer of Vṛtra, is filled by the sacrificer's offering.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


अरविन्द

Pali: aravinda

Hindi: अरबिन्द (arbind)

→ Malayalam: അരവിന്ദം (aravindaṁ)

→ Tamil: அரவிந்தம் (aravintam)

/ɐ.ɾɐˈʋin̪.d̪ɐ/

Uncertain. Probably borrowed from Dravidian.
Probably related to कुरुविन्द (kuruvinda, “ruby”) (for the semantic relation, compare Sanskrit पद्म (padma, “lotus”) and पद्मराग (padmarāga, “ruby”, literally “lotus-coloured”).


पागल

pāgala (romanization)
पागलः (nominative singular)
पागलौ (dual nominative)
पागला1 (dual nominative)
पागलाः (nominative plural)
पागलासः1 (nominative plural)
पागल (singular vocative)
पागलौ (dual vocative)
पागला1 (dual vocative)
पागलाः (plural vocative)
पागलासः1 (plural vocative)
पागलम् (accusative singular)
पागलौ (accusative dual)
पागला1 (accusative dual)
पागलान् (accusative plural)
पागलेन (instrumental singular)
पागलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पागलैः (instrumental plural)
पागलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पागलाय (dative singular)
पागलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पागलेभ्यः (dative plural)
पागलात् (ablative singular)
पागलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पागलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पागलस्य (genitive singular)
पागलयोः (dual genitive)
पागलानाम् (genitive plural)
पागले (locative singular)
पागलयोः (dual locative)
पागलेषु (locative plural)

/ˈpɑː.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

Probably a borrowing from a late Middle Indo-Aryan Apabhramsha, ultimately from an earlier Prakrit *𑀧𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀮 (*paggala), from a substrate. Possibly related to पङ्गु (paṅgu), फक्क (phakka), and Santali [script needed] (pãk, “to bend”).


मन्त्रिन्

sa-noun

मन्त्रिन् • (mantrín) stem, m (feminine मन्त्रिणी)

mantrín (romanization)
मन्त्रिणी (feminine)
मन्त्री (nominative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual nominative)
मन्त्रिणः (nominative plural)
मन्त्रिन् (singular vocative)
मन्त्रिणौ (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणा1 (dual vocative)
मन्त्रिणः (plural vocative)
मन्त्रिणम् (accusative singular)
मन्त्रिणौ (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणा1 (accusative dual)
मन्त्रिणः (accusative plural)
मन्त्रिणा (instrumental singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मन्त्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
मन्त्रिणे (dative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (ablative singular)
मन्त्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मन्त्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मन्त्रिणः (genitive singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual genitive)
मन्त्रिणाम् (genitive plural)
मन्त्रिणि (locative singular)
मन्त्रिणोः (dual locative)
मन्त्रिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: mantin
→ Minangkabau:
→ Indonesian: manti
→? Lao: ມົນຕີ (mon tī) (learned)

→ Bengali: মন্ত্রী (montri)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: मंत्री (mantrī)

Urdu: منتری (mantrī)

→ Khmer: មន្ត្រី (mŭəntrəy)

→ Malay: menteri (منتري)
Indonesian: menteri
→ Portuguese: mandarim (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: മന്ത്രി (mantri)

→ Old Gujarati: मंत्री (maṃtrī)

→ Old Javanese: mantrī → mantri

Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦠꦿꦶ (mantri)

→ Indonesian: mantri

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਤਰੀ (mantrī)

Shahmukhi script: منتری (mantrī)

→ Tamil: மந்திரி (mantiri)

→ Telugu: మంత్రి (mantri)

→ Thai: มนตรี (mon-dtrii)

a minister, councilor, king's counselor, scholar (especially within artistic or intellectual circles)


कन्या

kanyā̀ (romanization)
कन्या (nominative singular)
कन्ये (dual nominative)
कन्याः (nominative plural)
कन्ये (singular vocative)
कन्ये (dual vocative)
कन्याः (plural vocative)
कन्याम् (accusative singular)
कन्ये (accusative dual)
कन्याः (accusative plural)
कन्यया (instrumental singular)
कन्या1 (instrumental singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कन्याभिः (instrumental plural)
कन्यायै (dative singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कन्याभ्यः (dative plural)
कन्यायाः (ablative singular)
कन्यायै2 (ablative singular)
कन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कन्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
कन्यायाः (genitive singular)
कन्यायै2 (genitive singular)
कन्ययोः (dual genitive)
कन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
कन्यायाम् (locative singular)
कन्ययोः (dual locative)
कन्यासु (locative plural)

Balinese: ᬓᬦ᭄ᬬ (kanya)

Gandhari: 𐨐𐨎𐨙 (kaṃña)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (kaṇṇā)

Pali: kaññā
→ Burmese: ကညာ (ka.nya)
→ Shan: ၵၼ်ႇၺႃႇ (kàn nyàa)
→ Khmer: កញ្ញា (kaññaa)

→ Kannada: ಕನ್ಯೆ (kanye)

→ Burmese: ကန် (kan)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: कन्या (kanyā)

Urdu: کنیا (kanyā)

→ Lü: ᦂᧃᦍᦱ (k̇anyaa)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: कन्या (kanyā)

Modi script: 𑘎𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘰 (kanyā)

→ Telugu: కన్య (kanya)

→ Thai: กันยา (gan-yaa)

→ Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂢𑂱𑂨𑂰 (kaniyā)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kanyáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kanyáH (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“new, fresh”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaniiā, “maiden”), Middle Persian [script needed] (knykʿ /kanīg/) (whence Persian کنیز (kaniz)), Latin re-cēns (“recent; fresh; young”), Ancient Greek καινός (kainós, “new”).

cog

क॒न्या॑ इव वह॒तुमेत॒वा उ॑ अ॒ञ्ज्य॑ञ्जा॒ना अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि।
यत्र॒ सोम॑: सू॒यते॒ यत्र॑ य॒ज्ञो घृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॑ अ॒भि तत्प॑वन्ते॥
kanyā̀ iva vahatúmétavā́ u añjyàñjānā́ abhí cākaśīmi.

As maidens dock themselves with gay adornment to join the bridal feast, I now behold them.
Where Soma flows and sacrifice is ready, thither the streams of holy oil are running.

yátra sóma: sūyáte yátra yajñó ghṛtásya dhā́rā abhí tátpavante.

(astrology) the sign of the zodiac Virgo


अल्लाह

allāha (romanization)
अल्लाहः (nominative singular)
अल्लाहौ (dual nominative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual nominative)
अल्लाहाः (nominative plural)
अल्लाहासः1 (nominative plural)
अल्लाह (singular vocative)
अल्लाहौ (dual vocative)
अल्लाहा1 (dual vocative)
अल्लाहाः (plural vocative)
अल्लाहासः1 (plural vocative)
अल्लाहम् (accusative singular)
अल्लाहौ (accusative dual)
अल्लाहा1 (accusative dual)
अल्लाहान् (accusative plural)
अल्लाहेन (instrumental singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अल्लाहैः (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अल्लाहाय (dative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (dative plural)
अल्लाहात् (ablative singular)
अल्लाहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अल्लाहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अल्लाहस्य (genitive singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual genitive)
अल्लाहानाम् (genitive plural)
अल्लाहे (locative singular)
अल्लाहयोः (dual locative)
अल्लाहेषु (locative plural)

/ɐl̪ˈl̪ɑː.ɦɐ/

From Hindustani اَللّٰہ (allāh) / अल्लाह (allāh).


जङ्गल

jaṅgala (romanization)
जङ्गलम् (nominative singular)
जङ्गले (dual nominative)
जङ्गलानि (nominative plural)
जङ्गला1 (nominative plural)
जङ्गल (singular vocative)
जङ्गले (dual vocative)
जङ्गलानि (plural vocative)
जङ्गला1 (plural vocative)
जङ्गलम् (accusative singular)
जङ्गले (accusative dual)
जङ्गलानि (accusative plural)
जङ्गला1 (accusative plural)
जङ्गलेन (instrumental singular)
जङ्गलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जङ्गलैः (instrumental plural)
जङ्गलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जङ्गलाय (dative singular)
जङ्गलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जङ्गलेभ्यः (dative plural)
जङ्गलात् (ablative singular)
जङ्गलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जङ्गलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जङ्गलस्य (genitive singular)
जङ्गलयोः (dual genitive)
जङ्गलानाम् (genitive plural)
जङ्गले (locative singular)
जङ्गलयोः (dual locative)
जङ्गलेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: জঙ্গল (zoṅgol)

Bengali: জঙ্গল (joṅgol)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)

Marathi: जंगल (jaṅgal)

Pali: jaṅgala

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀕𑀮 (jaṃgala)

Gujarati: જંગલ (jaṅgal)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जंगल (jaṅgal)

Urdu: جنگل (jaṅgal)

Nepali: जङ्गल (jaṅgal)

→ Kannada: ಜಂಗಲು (jaṅgalu)

→ Malay: jenggala

→ Old Javanese: jaṅgala

→ Tamil: ஜங்கிள் (jaṅkiḷ)

→ Telugu: జంగిల్ (jaṅgil)

→ Esperanto: ĝangalo

→ Persian: جنگل (jangal) (see there for further descendants)

/d͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ.lɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɐŋ.ɡɐ.l̪ɐ/

From a substrate, possibly Dravidian or Munda, origin. Compare Kannada ಜಂಗಲ್ (jaṅgaḷi, “mass, assemblage”)

जङ्गलपथ जङ्गलपथ#Sanskrit

any arid or sterile region, desert (= जङ्गलपथ (jaṅgala-patha))

जाङ्गल जाङ्गल#Sanskrit

an area sparingly grown with trees and plants, a wild or savage area (see जाङ्गल (jāṅgala))

uncultivated, inhospitable area more or less covered by vegetation

जङ्गुल जङ्गुल#Sanskrit


हल

halá (romanization)
हलः (nominative singular)
हलौ (dual nominative)
हला1 (dual nominative)
हलाः (nominative plural)
हलासः1 (nominative plural)
हल (singular vocative)
हलौ (dual vocative)
हला1 (dual vocative)
हलाः (plural vocative)
हलासः1 (plural vocative)
हलम् (accusative singular)
हलौ (accusative dual)
हला1 (accusative dual)
हलान् (accusative plural)
हलेन (instrumental singular)
हलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हलैः (instrumental plural)
हलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हलाय (dative singular)
हलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हलेभ्यः (dative plural)
हलात् (ablative singular)
हलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हलस्य (genitive singular)
हलयोः (dual genitive)
हलानाम् (genitive plural)
हले (locative singular)
हलयोः (dual locative)
हलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: haw

Pali: hala

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮 (hala) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Javanese: hala (see there for further descendants)

→ Tamil: அலம் (alam)

→ Telugu: హలము (halamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁ol-
Sanskrit हल (hala)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰHalás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰHalás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁ol- (“pole, bar of wood”). Cognate with Old Armenian ձող (joł, “pole, bar”) and Lithuanian žúolis (“railroad tie”).