कट

kaṭa (romanization)
कटम् (nominative singular)
कटे (dual nominative)
कटानि (nominative plural)
कटा1 (nominative plural)
कट (singular vocative)
कटे (dual vocative)
कटानि (plural vocative)
कटा1 (plural vocative)
कटम् (accusative singular)
कटे (accusative dual)
कटानि (accusative plural)
कटा1 (accusative plural)
कटेन (instrumental singular)
कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कटैः (instrumental plural)
कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कटाय (dative singular)
कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कटात् (ablative singular)
कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कटस्य (genitive singular)
कटयोः (dual genitive)
कटानाम् (genitive plural)
कटे (locative singular)
कटयोः (dual locative)
कटेषु (locative plural)

Not listed in etymological dictionaries. Perhaps related to Etymologies 3 or 4.

(at the end of compounds) dust of flowers


आकर

ākara (romanization)
आकरः (nominative singular)
आकरौ (dual nominative)
आकरा1 (dual nominative)
आकराः (nominative plural)
आकरासः1 (nominative plural)
आकर (singular vocative)
आकरौ (dual vocative)
आकरा1 (dual vocative)
आकराः (plural vocative)
आकरासः1 (plural vocative)
आकरम् (accusative singular)
आकरौ (accusative dual)
आकरा1 (accusative dual)
आकरान् (accusative plural)
आकरेण (instrumental singular)
आकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकरैः (instrumental plural)
आकरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आकराय (dative singular)
आकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकरेभ्यः (dative plural)
आकरात् (ablative singular)
आकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकरस्य (genitive singular)
आकरयोः (dual genitive)
आकराणाम् (genitive plural)
आकरे (locative singular)
आकरयोः (dual locative)
आकरेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: आकर (ākar)

Pali: ākara

→ Khmer: អាករ (ʼaakɑɑ)

desc

→ Lao: ອາກອນ (ʼā kǭn)

→ Lao: ອາກອນ (ʼā kǭn)

→ Thai: อากร (aa-gɔɔn, “group; origin”)

one who scatters, i.e. distributes abundantly


जगती

jágatī (romanization)
जगती (nominative singular)
जगत्यौ (dual nominative)
जगती1 (dual nominative)
जगत्यः (nominative plural)
जगतीः1 (nominative plural)
जगति (singular vocative)
जगत्यौ (dual vocative)
जगती1 (dual vocative)
जगत्यः (plural vocative)
जगतीः1 (plural vocative)
जगतीम् (accusative singular)
जगत्यौ (accusative dual)
जगती1 (accusative dual)
जगतीः (accusative plural)
जगत्या (instrumental singular)
जगतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जगतीभिः (instrumental plural)
जगत्यै (dative singular)
जगतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जगतीभ्यः (dative plural)
जगत्याः (ablative singular)
जगत्यै2 (ablative singular)
जगतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जगतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जगत्याः (genitive singular)
जगत्यै2 (genitive singular)
जगत्योः (dual genitive)
जगतीनाम् (genitive plural)
जगत्याम् (locative singular)
जगत्योः (dual locative)
जगतीषु (locative plural)

/d͡ʑɐ́.ɡɐ.tiː/

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɡɐ.t̪iː/

the plants (or flour as coming from plants)


जले

inflection of जल (jala, “water”):
locative singular

inflection of जल (jala, “water”):
nominative/vocative/accusative dual


जले

locative singular of जल (jala, “stupid man”)


अभ्रि

ábhri (romanization)
अभ्रिः (nominative singular)
अभ्री (dual nominative)
अभ्रयः (nominative plural)
अभ्रे (singular vocative)
अभ्री (dual vocative)
अभ्रयः (plural vocative)
अभ्रिम् (accusative singular)
अभ्री (accusative dual)
अभ्रीः (accusative plural)
अभ्र्या (instrumental singular)
अभ्री1 (instrumental singular)
अभ्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभ्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
अभ्रये (dative singular)
अभ्र्यै2 (dative singular)
अभ्री1 (dative singular)
अभ्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभ्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
अभ्रेः (ablative singular)
अभ्र्याः2 (ablative singular)
अभ्र्यै3 (ablative singular)
अभ्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभ्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभ्रेः (genitive singular)
अभ्र्याः2 (genitive singular)
अभ्र्यै3 (genitive singular)
अभ्र्योः (dual genitive)
अभ्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
अभ्रौ (locative singular)
अभ्र्याम्2 (locative singular)
अभ्रा1 (locative singular)
अभ्र्योः (dual locative)
अभ्रिषु (locative plural)

Tentatively compared to Ancient Greek ἀφρίους (aphríous).


अच्छो

sandhi form of nominative singular of अच्छ (accha, “bear”)


बेडा

beḍā (romanization)
बेडा (nominative singular)
बेडे (dual nominative)
बेडाः (nominative plural)
बेडे (singular vocative)
बेडे (dual vocative)
बेडाः (plural vocative)
बेडाम् (accusative singular)
बेडे (accusative dual)
बेडाः (accusative plural)
बेडया (instrumental singular)
बेडा1 (instrumental singular)
बेडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बेडाभिः (instrumental plural)
बेडायै (dative singular)
बेडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बेडाभ्यः (dative plural)
बेडायाः (ablative singular)
बेडायै2 (ablative singular)
बेडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बेडाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बेडायाः (genitive singular)
बेडायै2 (genitive singular)
बेडयोः (dual genitive)
बेडानाम् (genitive plural)
बेडायाम् (locative singular)
बेडयोः (dual locative)
बेडासु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀩𑁂𑀟 (beḍa), 𑀩𑁂𑀟𑀸 (beḍā), 𑀯𑁂𑀟 (veḍa), 𑀪𑁂𑀟 (bheḍa)

Sindhi: ٻِيڙِي, ॿेड़ी

Sindhi: ٻِيڙِي, ॿेड़ी

Hindi: बेड़ा (beṛā)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑁂𑀮𑀸 (bhelā)

Odia: ଭେଳା (bheḷā)

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paraqu, likely through Dravidian.


पूर्णमास

sa-noun

पूर्णमास • (pūrṇámāsa) stem, m

pūrṇámāsa (romanization)
पूर्णमासः (nominative singular)
पूर्णमासौ (dual nominative)
पूर्णमासा1 (dual nominative)
पूर्णमासाः (nominative plural)
पूर्णमासासः1 (nominative plural)
पूर्णमास (singular vocative)
पूर्णमासौ (dual vocative)
पूर्णमासा1 (dual vocative)
पूर्णमासाः (plural vocative)
पूर्णमासासः1 (plural vocative)
पूर्णमासम् (accusative singular)
पूर्णमासौ (accusative dual)
पूर्णमासा1 (accusative dual)
पूर्णमासान् (accusative plural)
पूर्णमासेन (instrumental singular)
पूर्णमासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूर्णमासैः (instrumental plural)
पूर्णमासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पूर्णमासाय (dative singular)
पूर्णमासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूर्णमासेभ्यः (dative plural)
पूर्णमासात् (ablative singular)
पूर्णमासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूर्णमासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूर्णमासस्य (genitive singular)
पूर्णमासयोः (dual genitive)
पूर्णमासानाम् (genitive plural)
पूर्णमासे (locative singular)
पूर्णमासयोः (dual locative)
पूर्णमासेषु (locative plural)

desc

Pali: puṇṇamāse (“on the full moon day”, locative)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀫𑀸𑀲𑀻 (puṇṇamāsī), 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀺𑀫𑀲𑀻 (puṇṇimasī)

/puːɾ.ɳɐˈmɑː.s̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hná-mā́Has ~ *pr̥Hná-mā́Hasas (“full moon”). Compare Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋-𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵𐬀 (pər^ənō-måŋha, “full moon”), Middle Persian pwrm՚ẖ (purrmāh, “full moon”). See also पूर्णमास् (pūrṇamās), attested in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa. Equivalent to पूर्ण (pūrṇa, “full”) + मास (māsa, “moon”).

cog

𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋-𐬨𐬂𐬢𐬵𐬀

compound

तस्माद् वार्त्रघ्नी पूर्णमासे ऽनूच्येते वृधन्वती अमावास्यायाम् ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) II.5.2.5

Therefore, verses are uttered at the full moon referring to the slaying of Vrtra, [and] at the new moon referring to his growth.

tasmād vārtraghnī pūrṇamāse ʼnūcyete vṛdhanvatī amāvāsyāyām.

full moon; the day or night of the full moon


मारि

māri (romanization)
मारिः (nominative singular)
मारी (dual nominative)
मारयः (nominative plural)
मारे (singular vocative)
मारी (dual vocative)
मारयः (plural vocative)
मारिम् (accusative singular)
मारी (accusative dual)
मारीन् (accusative plural)
मारिणा (instrumental singular)
मार्या1 (instrumental singular)
मारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मारिभिः (instrumental plural)
मारये (dative singular)
मारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मारिभ्यः (dative plural)
मारेः (ablative singular)
मार्यः1 (ablative singular)
मारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मारेः (genitive singular)
मार्यः1 (genitive singular)
मार्योः (dual genitive)
मारीणाम् (genitive plural)
मारौ (locative singular)
मारा1 (locative singular)
मार्योः (dual locative)
मारिषु (locative plural)


पुरोवात

purovātá (romanization)
पुरोवातः (nominative singular)
पुरोवातौ (dual nominative)
पुरोवाता1 (dual nominative)
पुरोवाताः (nominative plural)
पुरोवातासः1 (nominative plural)
पुरोवात (singular vocative)
पुरोवातौ (dual vocative)
पुरोवाता1 (dual vocative)
पुरोवाताः (plural vocative)
पुरोवातासः1 (plural vocative)
पुरोवातम् (accusative singular)
पुरोवातौ (accusative dual)
पुरोवाता1 (accusative dual)
पुरोवातान् (accusative plural)
पुरोवातेन (instrumental singular)
पुरोवाताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरोवातैः (instrumental plural)
पुरोवातेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुरोवाताय (dative singular)
पुरोवाताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरोवातेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरोवातात् (ablative singular)
पुरोवाताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरोवातेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरोवातस्य (genitive singular)
पुरोवातयोः (dual genitive)
पुरोवातानाम् (genitive plural)
पुरोवाते (locative singular)
पुरोवातयोः (dual locative)
पुरोवातेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀬 (purevāya)

desc

Hindi: पुरवा (purvā), पुरवाई (purvāī), पुरवैया (purvaiyā)

Punjabi: ਪੁਰਾ (purā)

/pu.ɾoːˈʋɑː.t̪ɐ/

पुरः (puraḥ, “from the east”) + वात (vāta, “wind”).

com

आ श्रावयेति पुरोवातम् अजनयन्न्

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) I.6.11

[with the words] "Do thou proclaim", they (the gods) produced the east wind


भर्त्री

bhartrī́ (romanization)
भर्त्री (nominative singular)
भर्त्र्यौ (dual nominative)
भर्त्री1 (dual nominative)
भर्त्र्यः (nominative plural)
भर्त्रीः1 (nominative plural)
भर्त्रि (singular vocative)
भर्त्र्यौ (dual vocative)
भर्त्री1 (dual vocative)
भर्त्र्यः (plural vocative)
भर्त्रीः1 (plural vocative)
भर्त्रीम् (accusative singular)
भर्त्र्यौ (accusative dual)
भर्त्री1 (accusative dual)
भर्त्रीः (accusative plural)
भर्त्र्या (instrumental singular)
भर्त्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भर्त्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
भर्त्र्यै (dative singular)
भर्त्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
भर्त्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
भर्त्र्याः (ablative singular)
भर्त्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
भर्त्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भर्त्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
भर्त्र्याः (genitive singular)
भर्त्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
भर्त्र्योः (dual genitive)
भर्त्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
भर्त्र्याम् (locative singular)
भर्त्र्योः (dual locative)
भर्त्रीषु (locative plural)

/ˈbʱɐɾ.t̪ɾiː/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰartríH (“mother, female bearer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-tríh₂, feminine of *bʰer-tōr (“bearer”), from *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬍 (bar^əθrī, “mother”).

inh

यस्त्वा पिबति जीवति त्रायसे पुरुषं त्वम् ।
भर्त्री हि शश्वतामसि जनानां च न्यञ्चनी ॥
yastvā pibati jīvati trāyase puruṣaṃ tvam.
bhartrī hi śaśvatāmasi janānāṃ ca nyañcanī.
(O Silācī medicine): Whoever drinketh thee hath life: thou savest and protectest man.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.5.2

As nursing mother of mankind, thou takest all upon thy lap.


संयमो

sandhi form of nominative singular of संयम (saṃyama, “restraint”)


मातृष्वसेय

desc

→ Malayalam: മാതൃഷ്വസേയൻ (mātr̥ṣvasēyaṉ)

/mɑː.t̪r̩ʂ.ʋɐˈs̪eː.jɐ/

Compound of मातृ (mātṛ) + स्वसेय (svaseya).

com+

Coordinate term: पितृष्वसेय (pitṛṣvaseya)


पितृष्वसेय

desc

→ Malayalam: പിതൃഷ്വസേയൻ (pitr̥ṣvasēyaṉ)

Compound of पितृ (pitṛ) + स्वसेय (svaseya).

com+

Coordinate term: मातृष्वसेय (mātṛṣvaseya)


रोगो

sandhi form of nominative singular of रोग (roga, “disease”)


पातृ

pātṛ́ (romanization)
पाता (nominative singular)
पातारौ (dual nominative)
पातारा1 (dual nominative)
पातारः (nominative plural)
पातः (singular vocative)
पातारौ (dual vocative)
पातारा1 (dual vocative)
पातारः (plural vocative)
पातारम् (accusative singular)
पातारौ (accusative dual)
पातारा1 (accusative dual)
पातॄन् (accusative plural)
पात्रा (instrumental singular)
पातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पातृभिः (instrumental plural)
पात्रे (dative singular)
पातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
पातृभ्यः (dative plural)
पातुः (ablative singular)
पातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
पातुः (genitive singular)
पात्रोः (dual genitive)
पातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
पातरि (locative singular)
पात्रोः (dual locative)
पातृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHtŕ̥ (“protector, saviour”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-tōr (“protector, guardian”), from *peh₂- (“to protect, guard”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pātar, “protector”).

inh

त्वमस्माकमिन्द्र विश्वध स्या अवृकतमो नरां नृ-पाता ।
स नो विश्वासां स्पृधां सहोदा विद्यामेषं वृजनं जीरदानुम् ॥
tvamasmākamindra viśvadha syā avṛkatamo narāṃ nṛ-pātā.

Indra, mayst thou be ours in all occasions, protector of the people, most gentle-hearted,
Giving us victory over all our rivals. May we find strengthening food in full abundance.

sa no viśvāsāṃ spṛdhāṃ sahodā vidyāmeṣaṃ vṛjanaṃ jīradānum.


मारो

sa-noun form

मारो • (mā́ra) m

sandhi form of nominative singular of मार (mā́ra, “death”)


लवङ्ग

lavaṅga (romanization)
लवङ्गम् (nominative singular)
लवङ्गे (dual nominative)
लवङ्गानि (nominative plural)
लवङ्गा1 (nominative plural)
लवङ्ग (singular vocative)
लवङ्गे (dual vocative)
लवङ्गानि (plural vocative)
लवङ्गा1 (plural vocative)
लवङ्गम् (accusative singular)
लवङ्गे (accusative dual)
लवङ्गानि (accusative plural)
लवङ्गा1 (accusative plural)
लवङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
लवङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लवङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
लवङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लवङ्गाय (dative singular)
लवङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लवङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
लवङ्गात् (ablative singular)
लवङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लवङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लवङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
लवङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
लवङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
लवङ्गे (locative singular)
लवङ्गयोः (dual locative)
लवङ्गेषु (locative plural)

Pali: lavaṅga

Prakrit: 𑀮𑀯𑀁𑀕 (lavaṃga) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: লবঙ্গ (loboṅgo)

→ Kannada: ಲವಂಗ (lavaṅga)

→ Marathi: लवंग (lavaṅga)

→ Old Javanese: lawaṅga

→ Kodava: ಲವಂಗ (lavaṅga)

→ Tamil: இலவங்கம் (ilavaṅkam)

→ Telugu: లవంగము (lavaṅgamu)

→ Tulu: ಲವಂಗ (lavaṅga)

/l̪ɐˈʋɐŋ.ɡɐ/

Borrowed from Malayo-Polynesian.
The etymology has been standardly supported by comparison to Old Javanese lawaṅga. However, the Old Javanese term is attested in the Rāmāyaṇa Kakawin, which is based on and closely follows the Sanskrit Bhaṭṭikāvya, and so is likely to have borrowed the term from Sanskrit per Zumbroich. However, Zumbroich notes the preponderance of many more Malayo-Polynesian cognates which do not appear to be loaned from Sanskrit but do not always refer to "clove", including Indonesian bunga lawang (literally “nail flower”), Balinese [script needed] (wuŋa lawaŋ), Malay kulit lawang (“kind of cinnamon tree”), Gayo [Term?] (lawaŋ, “kind of tree whose bark tastes like clove”), Acehnese [script needed] (kulet lawaŋ, “id.”), Minangkabau [script needed] (lawaŋ, “id.”), etc.; ultimately, the word seems to refer to the tree Cinnamomum culitlawan, whose bark has a strong clove-like smell.

cog

200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual


समरण

samáraṇa (romanization)
समरणम् (nominative singular)
समरणे (dual nominative)
समरणानि (nominative plural)
समरणा1 (nominative plural)
समरण (singular vocative)
समरणे (dual vocative)
समरणानि (plural vocative)
समरणा1 (plural vocative)
समरणम् (accusative singular)
समरणे (accusative dual)
समरणानि (accusative plural)
समरणा1 (accusative plural)
समरणेन (instrumental singular)
समरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समरणैः (instrumental plural)
समरणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
समरणाय (dative singular)
समरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
समरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
समरणात् (ablative singular)
समरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
समरणस्य (genitive singular)
समरणयोः (dual genitive)
समरणानाम् (genitive plural)
समरणे (locative singular)
समरणयोः (dual locative)
समरणेषु (locative plural)

/sɐ.mɐ́.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

/ˈs̪ɐ.mɐ.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHáranam (“battle, strife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem-h₃ér-en-o-m. Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (hamar^əna, “battle”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴 (h-m-r-n /hamarana/, “battle”).

cog

किं न॑ इन्द्र जिघांससि॒ भ्रात॑रो म॒रुत॒स्तव॑ ।
तेभिः॑ कल्पस्व साधु॒या मा नः॑ स॒मर॑णे वधीः ॥
kíṃ na indra jighāṃsasi bhrā́taro marútastáva.

The Maruts are thy brothers. Why, O Indra, wouldst thou take our lives?
Agree with them in a friendly way, and do not slay us in the battle.

tébhiḥ kalpasva sādhuyā́ mā́ naḥ samáraṇe vadhīḥ.


काञ्जिक

kāñjika (romanization)
काञ्जिकम् (nominative singular)
काञ्जिके (dual nominative)
काञ्जिकानि (nominative plural)
काञ्जिका1 (nominative plural)
काञ्जिक (singular vocative)
काञ्जिके (dual vocative)
काञ्जिकानि (plural vocative)
काञ्जिका1 (plural vocative)
काञ्जिकम् (accusative singular)
काञ्जिके (accusative dual)
काञ्जिकानि (accusative plural)
काञ्जिका1 (accusative plural)
काञ्जिकेन (instrumental singular)
काञ्जिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काञ्जिकैः (instrumental plural)
काञ्जिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काञ्जिकाय (dative singular)
काञ्जिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काञ्जिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
काञ्जिकात् (ablative singular)
काञ्जिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काञ्जिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काञ्जिकस्य (genitive singular)
काञ्जिकयोः (dual genitive)
काञ्जिकानाम् (genitive plural)
काञ्जिके (locative singular)
काञ्जिकयोः (dual locative)
काञ्जिकेषु (locative plural)

desc

Hindi: कांजी (kāñjī), काँजी (kāñjī)

Hindi: कांजी (kāñjī), काँजी (kāñjī)

/kɑːɲ.d͡ʑí.kɐ/

/kɑːɲˈd͡ʑi.kɐ/

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கஞ்சி (kañci).

Sour rice gruel made from fermented rice used in Ayurveda


उपायो

sa-noun form

उपायो • (upāyo)

sandhi form of nominative singular of उपाय (upāya, “method”)


परीणह्

/pɐ.ɾiː.ɳɐ́ɦ/

/pɐˈɾiː.ɳɐɦ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pariHnádʰ- (“that which is tied around”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pari (“around, about”) + *Hnadʰ- (“to tie, to bind”). By surface analysis, परि (pari, “around”) + नह् (nah, “to bind”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀 (naska, “bundle”), 𐬥𐬀𐬜𐬀 (naδa, “headgear”).

surf

चक्राणासः परीणहं पृथिव्या हिरण्येन मणिना शुम्भमानाः ।
न हिन्वानासस्तितिरुस्त इन्द्रं परि स्पशो अदधात्सूर्येण ॥
cakrāṇāsaḥ parīṇahaṃ pṛthivyā hiraṇyena maṇinā śumbhamānāḥ.

Adorned with their array of gold and jewels, they extended o’er the earth a covering enclosure.
Although they hastened, they o’ercame not Indra: their spies he compassed with the Sun of morning.

na hinvānāsastitirusta indraṃ pari spaśo adadhātsūryeṇa.


अन्तो

sa-noun form

अन्तो • (antó)

sandhi form of nominative singular of अन्त (antá, “end”)


शृङ्गवेर

śṛṅgavera (romanization)
शृङ्गवेरः (nominative singular)
शृङ्गवेरौ (dual nominative)
शृङ्गवेरा1 (dual nominative)
शृङ्गवेराः (nominative plural)
शृङ्गवेरासः1 (nominative plural)
शृङ्गवेर (singular vocative)
शृङ्गवेरौ (dual vocative)
शृङ्गवेरा1 (dual vocative)
शृङ्गवेराः (plural vocative)
शृङ्गवेरासः1 (plural vocative)
शृङ्गवेरम् (accusative singular)
शृङ्गवेरौ (accusative dual)
शृङ्गवेरा1 (accusative dual)
शृङ्गवेरान् (accusative plural)
शृङ्गवेरेण (instrumental singular)
शृङ्गवेराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शृङ्गवेरैः (instrumental plural)
शृङ्गवेरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शृङ्गवेराय (dative singular)
शृङ्गवेराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शृङ्गवेरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शृङ्गवेरात् (ablative singular)
शृङ्गवेराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शृङ्गवेरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शृङ्गवेरस्य (genitive singular)
शृङ्गवेरयोः (dual genitive)
शृङ्गवेराणाम् (genitive plural)
शृङ्गवेरे (locative singular)
शृङ्गवेरयोः (dual locative)
शृङ्गवेरेषु (locative plural)

/ɕr̩ŋ.ɡɐ.ʋɐj.ɾɐ/

/ɕr̩ŋ.ɡɐˈʋeː.ɾɐ/

Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), with influence of शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”), derived from Dravidian. Compare Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr), from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).


पीति

pītí (romanization)
पीतिः (nominative singular)
पीती (dual nominative)
पीतयः (nominative plural)
पीते (singular vocative)
पीती (dual vocative)
पीतयः (plural vocative)
पीतिम् (accusative singular)
पीती (accusative dual)
पीतीः (accusative plural)
पीत्या (instrumental singular)
पीती1 (instrumental singular)
पीतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीतिभिः (instrumental plural)
पीतये (dative singular)
पीत्यै2 (dative singular)
पीती1 (dative singular)
पीतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीतिभ्यः (dative plural)
पीतेः (ablative singular)
पीत्याः2 (ablative singular)
पीत्यै3 (ablative singular)
पीतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीतेः (genitive singular)
पीत्याः2 (genitive singular)
पीत्यै3 (genitive singular)
पीत्योः (dual genitive)
पीतीनाम् (genitive plural)
पीतौ (locative singular)
पीत्याम्2 (locative singular)
पीता1 (locative singular)
पीत्योः (dual locative)
पीतिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ph₃-tí-s (“act of drinking”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “act of drinking”).

cog

प्रोग्रां पीतिं वृष्ण इयर्मि सत्यां प्रयै सुतस्य हर्यश्व तुभ्यम् ।
इन्द्र धेनाभिरिह मादयस्व धीभिर्विश्वाभिः शच्या गृणानः ॥
progrāṃ pītiṃ vṛṣṇa iyarmi satyāṃ prayai sutasya haryaśva tubhyam.

I offer thee a strong true draught to make thee start, O Bull, O thou whom Bay Steeds carry.
Here take delight, O Indra, in our voices while thou art hymned with power and all our spirit.

indra dhenābhiriha mādayasva dhībhirviśvābhiḥ śacyā gṛṇānaḥ.

the act of drinking; a draught (the quantity of liquid drunk in one swallow)


पर्शुः

head

पर्शुः • (parśuḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शू

पर्शू • (parśū) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

nominative/vocative/accusative dual of पर्शु (parśu)


पर्शवः

पर्शवः • (parśavaḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

nominative/vocative plural of पर्शु (parśu)


पर्श्वा

पर्श्वा • (parśvā) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

(common in (Vedic)) instrumental singular of पर्शु (parśu)

पर्शुना पर्शुना#Sanskrit


पर्शुना

पर्शुना • (parśunā) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्श्वा पर्श्वा#Sanskrit


पर्शो

पर्शो • (parśo) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शुम्

पर्शुम् • (parśum) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शुभ्याम्

पर्शुभ्याम् • (parśubhyām) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

instrumental/dative/ablative dual of पर्शु (parśu)


पर्शुषु

पर्शुषु • (parśuṣu) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शूनाम्

पर्शूनाम् • (parśūnām) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शून्

पर्शून् • (parśūn) m

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्शूः पर्शूः


पर्शुभ्यः

पर्शुभ्यः • (parśubhyaḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शुभिः

पर्शुभिः • (parśubhiḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्श्वोः

पर्श्वोः • (parśvoḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शोः

पर्शोः • (parśoḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

ablative/genitive singular of पर्शु (parśu)

पर्श्वः पर्श्वः#Sanskrit


पर्श्वः

पर्श्वः • (parśvaḥ) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्शोः पर्शोः#Sanskrit


पर्शौ

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit


पर्शवे

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्श्वे पर्श्वे#Sanskrit


पर्श्वे

पर्श्वे • (parśve) c

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्शवे पर्शवे#Sanskrit


पर्शूः

पर्शूः • (parśūḥ) f

पर्शु पर्शु#Sanskrit

पर्शून् पर्शून्


बालकः

बालकः • (bālakaḥ) m


बालकौ

nominative/vocative/accusative dual of बालक (bālaka)


बालकाः

बालकाः • (bālakāḥ) m


भट

bhaṭa (romanization)
भटः (nominative singular)
भटौ (dual nominative)
भटा1 (dual nominative)
भटाः (nominative plural)
भटासः1 (nominative plural)
भट (singular vocative)
भटौ (dual vocative)
भटा1 (dual vocative)
भटाः (plural vocative)
भटासः1 (plural vocative)
भटम् (accusative singular)
भटौ (accusative dual)
भटा1 (accusative dual)
भटान् (accusative plural)
भटेन (instrumental singular)
भटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भटैः (instrumental plural)
भटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भटाय (dative singular)
भटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भटेभ्यः (dative plural)
भटात् (ablative singular)
भटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भटस्य (genitive singular)
भटयोः (dual genitive)
भटानाम् (genitive plural)
भटे (locative singular)
भटयोः (dual locative)
भटेषु (locative plural)

Malayalam: ഭടൻ (bhaṭaṉ)

Telugu: భటుడు (bhaṭuḍu), బంటు (baṇṭu)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhaṭa
→ Balinese: ᬪᬝ (bata, “servant; soldier”)

Sanskritization of Pali bhaṭa, Prakrit 𑀪𑀝 (bhaṭa), from Sanskrit भृत (bhṛta, “hired, paid (as a servant)”).

der

a mercenary, hired soldier, warrior, combatant


हिन्ताल

Bengali: হেঁতাল (hẽtal)

/ɦin̪ˈt̪ɑː.l̪ɐ/

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Pengo ହୀଂଦି (hīndi), Konda-Dora సీతెల్ (sītel).


वेश्य

veśyà (romanization)
metrical Vedic veśíya (romanization)
वेश्यम् (nominative singular)
वेश्ये (dual nominative)
वेश्यानि (nominative plural)
वेश्या1 (nominative plural)
वेश्य (singular vocative)
वेश्ये (dual vocative)
वेश्यानि (plural vocative)
वेश्या1 (plural vocative)
वेश्यम् (accusative singular)
वेश्ये (accusative dual)
वेश्यानि (accusative plural)
वेश्या1 (accusative plural)
वेश्येन (instrumental singular)
वेश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेश्यैः (instrumental plural)
वेश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेश्याय (dative singular)
वेश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वेश्यात् (ablative singular)
वेश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेश्यस्य (genitive singular)
वेश्ययोः (dual genitive)
वेश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वेश्ये (locative singular)
वेश्ययोः (dual locative)
वेश्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *wóyḱ-yo-s (“fit to be entered; fit to be settled in”), from *weyḱ- (“to enter, to settle”). The Sanskrit root is विश् (viś).

inh

अहं पुरो मन्दसानो व्यैरं नव साकं नवतीः शम्बरस्य ।
शततमं वेश्यं सर्वताता दिवोदासमतिथिग्वं यदावम् ॥
ahaṃ puro mandasāno vyairaṃ nava sākaṃ navatīḥ śambarasya.
śatatamaṃ veśyaṃ sarvatātā divodāsamatithigvaṃ yadāvam.
In the wild intoxication of Soma, I demolished Śambara's forts, ninety-and-nine, together;

And, utterly, the hundredth habitation, when helping Divodāsa Atithigva.

"that which ought to be settled"; a neighbourhood, vassalage, a dependent territory


वारबुषा

vārabuṣā (romanization)
वारबुषा (nominative singular)
वारबुषे (dual nominative)
वारबुषाः (nominative plural)
वारबुषे (singular vocative)
वारबुषे (dual vocative)
वारबुषाः (plural vocative)
वारबुषाम् (accusative singular)
वारबुषे (accusative dual)
वारबुषाः (accusative plural)
वारबुषया (instrumental singular)
वारबुषा1 (instrumental singular)
वारबुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वारबुषाभिः (instrumental plural)
वारबुषायै (dative singular)
वारबुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वारबुषाभ्यः (dative plural)
वारबुषायाः (ablative singular)
वारबुषायै2 (ablative singular)
वारबुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वारबुषाभ्यः (ablative plural)
वारबुषायाः (genitive singular)
वारबुषायै2 (genitive singular)
वारबुषयोः (dual genitive)
वारबुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
वारबुषायाम् (locative singular)
वारबुषयोः (dual locative)
वारबुषासु (locative plural)

/ʋɑː.ɾɐ.bu.ʂɑː/

/ˈʋɑː.ɾɐ.bu.ʂɑː/

Borrowed from South Dravidian I; compare Malayalam വാഴ (vāḻa), വാഴപ്പഴം (vāḻappaḻaṁ).


धर

dhará (romanization)
धरः (nominative singular)
धरौ (dual nominative)
धरा1 (dual nominative)
धराः (nominative plural)
धरासः1 (nominative plural)
धर (singular vocative)
धरौ (dual vocative)
धरा1 (dual vocative)
धराः (plural vocative)
धरासः1 (plural vocative)
धरम् (accusative singular)
धरौ (accusative dual)
धरा1 (accusative dual)
धरान् (accusative plural)
धरेण (instrumental singular)
धराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धरैः (instrumental plural)
धरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धराय (dative singular)
धराभ्याम् (dative dual)
धरेभ्यः (dative plural)
धरात् (ablative singular)
धराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धरस्य (genitive singular)
धरयोः (dual genitive)
धराणाम् (genitive plural)
धरे (locative singular)
धरयोः (dual locative)
धरेषु (locative plural)


धरा

A mass of gold or other valuables given as a present to Brāhmaṇas.


पापो

sa-noun form

पापो • (pāpo)

sandhi form of nominative singular of पाप (pāpa, “villain”)


हुड

Cognate to Proto-Germanic *galtuz and Domaaki [script needed] (hʌldin).


मल्ल

malla (romanization)
मल्लः (nominative singular)
मल्लौ (dual nominative)
मल्ला1 (dual nominative)
मल्लाः (nominative plural)
मल्लासः1 (nominative plural)
मल्ल (singular vocative)
मल्लौ (dual vocative)
मल्ला1 (dual vocative)
मल्लाः (plural vocative)
मल्लासः1 (plural vocative)
मल्लम् (accusative singular)
मल्लौ (accusative dual)
मल्ला1 (accusative dual)
मल्लान् (accusative plural)
मल्लेन (instrumental singular)
मल्लाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मल्लैः (instrumental plural)
मल्लेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मल्लाय (dative singular)
मल्लाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मल्लेभ्यः (dative plural)
मल्लात् (ablative singular)
मल्लाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मल्लेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मल्लस्य (genitive singular)
मल्लयोः (dual genitive)
मल्लानाम् (genitive plural)
मल्ले (locative singular)
मल्लयोः (dual locative)
मल्लेषु (locative plural)

a wrestler or boxer by profession (the offspring of an out-caste Kṣatriya by a Kṣatriya female who was previously the wife of another out-caste), an athlete, a very strong man


उत्कूट

Latter part Borrowed from South Dravidian, compare Malayalam കുട (kuṭa).


दूतो

दूतो • (dūto)

sandhi form of nominative singular of दूत (dūta, “messenger”)


वसुधैव

vasudhaiva (romanization)
वसुधैवः (nominative singular)
वसुधैवौ (dual nominative)
वसुधैवा1 (dual nominative)
वसुधैवाः (nominative plural)
वसुधैवासः1 (nominative plural)
वसुधैव (singular vocative)
वसुधैवौ (dual vocative)
वसुधैवा1 (dual vocative)
वसुधैवाः (plural vocative)
वसुधैवासः1 (plural vocative)
वसुधैवम् (accusative singular)
वसुधैवौ (accusative dual)
वसुधैवा1 (accusative dual)
वसुधैवान् (accusative plural)
वसुधैवेन (instrumental singular)
वसुधैवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वसुधैवैः (instrumental plural)
वसुधैवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वसुधैवाय (dative singular)
वसुधैवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वसुधैवेभ्यः (dative plural)
वसुधैवात् (ablative singular)
वसुधैवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वसुधैवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वसुधैवस्य (genitive singular)
वसुधैवयोः (dual genitive)
वसुधैवानाम् (genitive plural)
वसुधैवे (locative singular)
वसुधैवयोः (dual locative)
वसुधैवेषु (locative plural)

/ʋɐ.s̪uˈd̪ʱɑj.ʋɐ/


मन्द

→ Old Marathi: मंद (maṃda)

Marathi: मंद (manda)

→ Tamil: மந்தம் (mantam)

Perhaps related to मन्थर (manthara, “lazy, tardy”), with further origin uncertain.
Turner derives both words from a hypothetical root *मन्द् (mand, “to stand still”), itself perhaps a derivative of मन् (man, “to wait”) (whence अममन् (amaman, “had waited”)), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stay, remain”); this "to wait" sense of मन् (man) is much less frequent than the "to think" sense in Sanskrit and does not show up in most dictionaries.
Similarity in semantics and phonetics with other words makes the case for a substrate borrowing very likely.

inh

slow, tardy, moving slowly or softly, loitering, idle, lazy, sluggish in (loc. or comp.), apathetic, phlegmatic, indifferent to (dat.) MBh. Kāv. &c.

weak, slight, slack (as a bow), dull, faint (as light), low (as a voice), gentle (as rain or wind), feeble (as the digestive faculty) ib.

weak i.e. tolerant, indulgent to (loc.) MBh.


भैरव

bhairava (romanization)
भैरवः (nominative singular)
भैरवौ (dual nominative)
भैरवा1 (dual nominative)
भैरवाः (nominative plural)
भैरवासः1 (nominative plural)
भैरव (singular vocative)
भैरवौ (dual vocative)
भैरवा1 (dual vocative)
भैरवाः (plural vocative)
भैरवासः1 (plural vocative)
भैरवम् (accusative singular)
भैरवौ (accusative dual)
भैरवा1 (accusative dual)
भैरवान् (accusative plural)
भैरवेण (instrumental singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भैरवैः (instrumental plural)
भैरवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भैरवाय (dative singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भैरवेभ्यः (dative plural)
भैरवात् (ablative singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भैरवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भैरवस्य (genitive singular)
भैरवयोः (dual genitive)
भैरवाणाम् (genitive plural)
भैरवे (locative singular)
भैरवयोः (dual locative)
भैरवेषु (locative plural)

/bʱɑːj.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/

/ˈbʱɑj.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of भीरु (bhīrú, “fearful”).


भैरव

bhairava (romanization)
भैरवम् (nominative singular)
भैरवे (dual nominative)
भैरवाणि (nominative plural)
भैरवा1 (nominative plural)
भैरव (singular vocative)
भैरवे (dual vocative)
भैरवाणि (plural vocative)
भैरवा1 (plural vocative)
भैरवम् (accusative singular)
भैरवे (accusative dual)
भैरवाणि (accusative plural)
भैरवा1 (accusative plural)
भैरवेण (instrumental singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भैरवैः (instrumental plural)
भैरवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भैरवाय (dative singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भैरवेभ्यः (dative plural)
भैरवात् (ablative singular)
भैरवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भैरवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भैरवस्य (genitive singular)
भैरवयोः (dual genitive)
भैरवाणाम् (genitive plural)
भैरवे (locative singular)
भैरवयोः (dual locative)
भैरवेषु (locative plural)

/bʱɑːj.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/

/ˈbʱɑj.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/


चणक

/t͡ɕɐ.ɳɐ.kɐ/

/ˈt͡ɕɐ.ɳɐ.kɐ/


आपक

āpaka (romanization)
आपकः (nominative singular)
आपकौ (dual nominative)
आपका1 (dual nominative)
आपकाः (nominative plural)
आपकासः1 (nominative plural)
आपक (singular vocative)
आपकौ (dual vocative)
आपका1 (dual vocative)
आपकाः (plural vocative)
आपकासः1 (plural vocative)
आपकम् (accusative singular)
आपकौ (accusative dual)
आपका1 (accusative dual)
आपकान् (accusative plural)
आपकेन (instrumental singular)
आपकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आपकैः (instrumental plural)
आपकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आपकाय (dative singular)
आपकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आपकेभ्यः (dative plural)
आपकात् (ablative singular)
आपकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आपकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आपकस्य (genitive singular)
आपकयोः (dual genitive)
आपकानाम् (genitive plural)
आपके (locative singular)
आपकयोः (dual locative)
आपकेषु (locative plural)


𑀲𑀁𑀲𑁆𑀓𑀾𑀢

संस्कृत संस्कृत#Sanskrit


पञ्जी

Assamese: পাঁজি (pãzi)

/ˈpɐɲ.d͡ʑiː/

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil பஞ்சி (pañci).


खक्खर

khakkhara (romanization)
खक्खरः (nominative singular)
खक्खरौ (dual nominative)
खक्खरा1 (dual nominative)
खक्खराः (nominative plural)
खक्खरासः1 (nominative plural)
खक्खर (singular vocative)
खक्खरौ (dual vocative)
खक्खरा1 (dual vocative)
खक्खराः (plural vocative)
खक्खरासः1 (plural vocative)
खक्खरम् (accusative singular)
खक्खरौ (accusative dual)
खक्खरा1 (accusative dual)
खक्खरान् (accusative plural)
खक्खरेण (instrumental singular)
खक्खराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खक्खरैः (instrumental plural)
खक्खरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खक्खराय (dative singular)
खक्खराभ्याम् (dative dual)
खक्खरेभ्यः (dative plural)
खक्खरात् (ablative singular)
खक्खराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खक्खरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खक्खरस्य (genitive singular)
खक्खरयोः (dual genitive)
खक्खराणाम् (genitive plural)
खक्खरे (locative singular)
खक्खरयोः (dual locative)
खक्खरेषु (locative plural)

→ English: khakkhara


સાધુ

sādhú (romanization)
સાધુઃ (nominative singular)
સાધૂ (dual nominative)
સાધવઃ (nominative plural)
સાધો (singular vocative)
સાધૂ (dual vocative)
સાધવઃ (plural vocative)
સાધુમ્ (accusative singular)
સાધૂ (accusative dual)
સાધૂન્ (accusative plural)
સાધુના (instrumental singular)
સાધ્વા1 (instrumental singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (dual instrumental)
સાધુભિઃ (instrumental plural)
સાધવે (dative singular)
સાધ્વે1 (dative singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (dative dual)
સાધુભ્યઃ (dative plural)
સાધોઃ (ablative singular)
સાધ્વઃ1 (ablative singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (ablative dual)
સાધુભ્યઃ (ablative plural)
સાધોઃ (genitive singular)
સાધ્વઃ1 (genitive singular)
સાધ્વોઃ (dual genitive)
સાધૂનામ્ (genitive plural)
સાધૌ (locative singular)
સાધ્વોઃ (dual locative)
સાધુષુ (locative plural)
સાધુ (nominative singular)
સાધુની (dual nominative)
સાધૂનિ (nominative plural)
સાધુ1 (nominative plural)
સાધૂ1 (nominative plural)
સાધુ (singular vocative)
સાધો (singular vocative)
સાધુની (dual vocative)
સાધૂનિ (plural vocative)
સાધુ1 (plural vocative)
સાધૂ1 (plural vocative)
સાધુ (accusative singular)
સાધુની (accusative dual)
સાધૂનિ (accusative plural)
સાધુ1 (accusative plural)
સાધૂ1 (accusative plural)
સાધુના (instrumental singular)
સાધ્વા1 (instrumental singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (dual instrumental)
સાધુભિઃ (instrumental plural)
સાધુને (dative singular)
સાધવે1 (dative singular)
સાધ્વે1 (dative singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (dative dual)
સાધુભ્યઃ (dative plural)
સાધુનઃ (ablative singular)
સાધોઃ1 (ablative singular)
સાધ્વઃ1 (ablative singular)
સાધુભ્યામ્ (ablative dual)
સાધુભ્યઃ (ablative plural)
સાધુનઃ (genitive singular)
સાધોઃ1 (genitive singular)
સાધ્વઃ1 (genitive singular)
સાધુનોઃ (dual genitive)
સાધૂનામ્ (genitive plural)
સાધુનિ (locative singular)
સાધૌ1 (locative singular)
સાધુનોઃ (dual locative)
સાધુષુ (locative plural)


तप्ति

tapti (romanization)
तप् (root)
तप्तिः (nominative singular)
तप्ती (dual nominative)
तप्तयः (nominative plural)
तप्ते (singular vocative)
तप्ती (dual vocative)
तप्तयः (plural vocative)
तप्तिम् (accusative singular)
तप्ती (accusative dual)
तप्तीः (accusative plural)
तप्त्या (instrumental singular)
तप्ती1 (instrumental singular)
तप्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तप्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
तप्तये (dative singular)
तप्त्यै2 (dative singular)
तप्ती1 (dative singular)
तप्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तप्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
तप्तेः (ablative singular)
तप्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
तप्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
तप्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तप्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तप्तेः (genitive singular)
तप्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
तप्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
तप्त्योः (dual genitive)
तप्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
तप्तौ (locative singular)
तप्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
तप्ता1 (locative singular)
तप्त्योः (dual locative)
तप्तिषु (locative plural)


तीर्ण

tīrṇa (romanization)
तॄ (root)
तीर्णः (nominative singular)
तीर्णौ (dual nominative)
तीर्णा1 (dual nominative)
तीर्णाः (nominative plural)
तीर्णासः1 (nominative plural)
तीर्ण (singular vocative)
तीर्णौ (dual vocative)
तीर्णा1 (dual vocative)
तीर्णाः (plural vocative)
तीर्णासः1 (plural vocative)
तीर्णम् (accusative singular)
तीर्णौ (accusative dual)
तीर्णा1 (accusative dual)
तीर्णान् (accusative plural)
तीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
तीर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तीर्णाय (dative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
तीर्णात् (ablative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
तीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
तीर्णे (locative singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual locative)
तीर्णेषु (locative plural)
तीर्णा (nominative singular)
तीर्णे (dual nominative)
तीर्णाः (nominative plural)
तीर्णे (singular vocative)
तीर्णे (dual vocative)
तीर्णाः (plural vocative)
तीर्णाम् (accusative singular)
तीर्णे (accusative dual)
तीर्णाः (accusative plural)
तीर्णया (instrumental singular)
तीर्णा1 (instrumental singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीर्णाभिः (instrumental plural)
तीर्णायै (dative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीर्णाभ्यः (dative plural)
तीर्णायाः (ablative singular)
तीर्णायै2 (ablative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीर्णाभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीर्णायाः (genitive singular)
तीर्णायै2 (genitive singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
तीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
तीर्णायाम् (locative singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual locative)
तीर्णासु (locative plural)
तीर्णम् (nominative singular)
तीर्णे (dual nominative)
तीर्णानि (nominative plural)
तीर्णा1 (nominative plural)
तीर्ण (singular vocative)
तीर्णे (dual vocative)
तीर्णानि (plural vocative)
तीर्णा1 (plural vocative)
तीर्णम् (accusative singular)
तीर्णे (accusative dual)
तीर्णानि (accusative plural)
तीर्णा1 (accusative plural)
तीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
तीर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तीर्णाय (dative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
तीर्णात् (ablative singular)
तीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
तीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
तीर्णे (locative singular)
तीर्णयोः (dual locative)
तीर्णेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀡 (tiṇṇa)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *tr̥Hnás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥Hnás, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-nó-s (“crossed over”).

inh

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa

one who has crossed, gone over, got through, escaped


तिरश्च

tiraśćá (romanization)
तॄ (root)
तिरशćअम् (nominative singular)
तिरशćए (dual nominative)
तिरशćआनि (nominative plural)
तिरशćआ1 (nominative plural)
तिरशćअ (singular vocative)
तिरशćए (dual vocative)
तिरशćआनि (plural vocative)
तिरशćआ1 (plural vocative)
तिरशćअम् (accusative singular)
तिरशćए (accusative dual)
तिरशćआनि (accusative plural)
तिरशćआ1 (accusative plural)
तिरशćएन (instrumental singular)
तिरशćआभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तिरशćऐः (instrumental plural)
तिरशćएभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तिरशćआय (dative singular)
तिरशćआभ्याम् (dative dual)
तिरशćएभ्यः (dative plural)
तिरशćआत् (ablative singular)
तिरशćआभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तिरशćएभ्यः (ablative plural)
तिरशćअस्य (genitive singular)
तिरशćअयोः (dual genitive)
तिरशćआनाम् (genitive plural)
तिरशćए (locative singular)
तिरशćअयोः (dual locative)
तिरशćएषु (locative plural)

Pali: tiraccha-bhūta (“going wrong”), tiracchāna (“animal”)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (tiriccha), 𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (tiricchi), 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (tericcha), 𑀢𑁂𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅 (tericchia)

Punjabi: ਤਿਰਛਾ (tirchā)

Hindi: तिरछा (tirchā)

Nepali: तेर्छो (tercho), तेर्सो (terso)

Bengali: তেরছা (tercha)

Marathi: तिरसा (tirsā), तेरसा (terasā)

/ti.ɾɐɕ.t͡ɕɐ́/

/t̪iˈɾɐɕ.t͡ɕɐ/

From तिरश्चा (tiraścā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥HaćčáH, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥h₂-m̥-s-kʷé-h₁ or *tr̥h₂-es-kʷé-h₁, from *tr̥h₂-és ~ *tr̥h₂-m̥.


नीरस

/ˈn̪iː.ɾɐ.s̪ɐ/

निर्- (nir-, “without”) + रस (rasa, “juice”).


पारद

pārada (romanization)
पारदः (nominative singular)
पारदौ (dual nominative)
पारदा1 (dual nominative)
पारदाः (nominative plural)
पारदासः1 (nominative plural)
पारद (singular vocative)
पारदौ (dual vocative)
पारदा1 (dual vocative)
पारदाः (plural vocative)
पारदासः1 (plural vocative)
पारदम् (accusative singular)
पारदौ (accusative dual)
पारदा1 (accusative dual)
पारदान् (accusative plural)
पारदेन (instrumental singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पारदैः (instrumental plural)
पारदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पारदाय (dative singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पारदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पारदात् (ablative singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पारदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पारदस्य (genitive singular)
पारदयोः (dual genitive)
पारदानाम् (genitive plural)
पारदे (locative singular)
पारदयोः (dual locative)
पारदेषु (locative plural)
पारदम् (nominative singular)
पारदे (dual nominative)
पारदानि (nominative plural)
पारदा1 (nominative plural)
पारद (singular vocative)
पारदे (dual vocative)
पारदानि (plural vocative)
पारदा1 (plural vocative)
पारदम् (accusative singular)
पारदे (accusative dual)
पारदानि (accusative plural)
पारदा1 (accusative plural)
पारदेन (instrumental singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पारदैः (instrumental plural)
पारदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पारदाय (dative singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पारदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पारदात् (ablative singular)
पारदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पारदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पारदस्य (genitive singular)
पारदयोः (dual genitive)
पारदानाम् (genitive plural)
पारदे (locative singular)
पारदयोः (dual locative)
पारदेषु (locative plural)

/ˈpɑː.ɾɐ.d̪ɐ/


वल्लभ

/ˈʋɐl̪.l̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

supreme, expert, proficient, skillful, smart, capable


प्रव्रज्य

pravrajya (romanization)
प्रव्रज्यम् (nominative singular)
प्रव्रज्ये (dual nominative)
प्रव्रज्यानि (nominative plural)
प्रव्रज्या1 (nominative plural)
प्रव्रज्य (singular vocative)
प्रव्रज्ये (dual vocative)
प्रव्रज्यानि (plural vocative)
प्रव्रज्या1 (plural vocative)
प्रव्रज्यम् (accusative singular)
प्रव्रज्ये (accusative dual)
प्रव्रज्यानि (accusative plural)
प्रव्रज्या1 (accusative plural)
प्रव्रज्येन (instrumental singular)
प्रव्रज्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रव्रज्यैः (instrumental plural)
प्रव्रज्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रव्रज्याय (dative singular)
प्रव्रज्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रव्रज्येभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रव्रज्यात् (ablative singular)
प्रव्रज्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रव्रज्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रव्रज्यस्य (genitive singular)
प्रव्रज्ययोः (dual genitive)
प्रव्रज्यानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रव्रज्ये (locative singular)
प्रव्रज्ययोः (dual locative)
प्रव्रज्येषु (locative plural)

/pɾɐʋ.ɾɐd͡ʑ.jɐ/

/pɾɐʋˈɾɐd͡ʑ.jɐ/

going forth from home (first rite of a layman wishing to become a Buddhist monk) (MWB. 77)

roaming, wandering about (especially as a religious mendicant, in a dress not authorized by the Veda) (Mn., MBh., Kāv., etc.)

the order of a religious mendicant (MBh., Var.)


झर

→ Malayalam: ഝരം (jharaṁ)


झौलिक

A pan or bag for keeping betel-nut, catechew etc.


जष

Unknown; likely related to चष (caṣa) and झष (jhaṣa).

The name of some aquatic animal or fish in the Atharvaveda. The word also occurs in the Gopatha Brāhmaṇa.


आडम्बर

→ Malayalam: ആഡംബരം (āḍambaraṁ)

/ɑː.ɖɐm.bɐ.ɾɐ/

/ɑːˈɖɐm.bɐ.ɾɐ/

From आ- (ā-) + डम्बर (ḍambara); the latter likely either from a substrate or onomatopoeic.


व्यूह

Pali: vyūha

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀽𑀳 (vūha), 𑀯𑀺𑀊𑀳 (viūha)
Awadhi: बूह (būh)
Odia: ଭୁଅ (bhua)

→ Malayalam: വ്യൂഹം (vyūhaṁ)

→ Tamil: ஊகம் (ūkam)


ईर

īra (romanization)
ईर् (root)
ईरः (nominative singular)
ईरौ (dual nominative)
ईराः (nominative plural)
ईर (singular vocative)
ईरौ (dual vocative)
ईराः (plural vocative)
ईरम् (accusative singular)
ईरौ (accusative dual)
ईरान् (accusative plural)
ईरेन (instrumental singular)
ईराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईरैः (instrumental plural)
ईराय (dative singular)
ईराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईरेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईरात् (ablative singular)
ईराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईरस्य (genitive singular)
ईरयोः (dual genitive)
ईरानाम् (genitive plural)
ईरे (locative singular)
ईरयोः (dual locative)
ईरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of ईर

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hirá, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).


प्रेरण

preraṇa (romanization)
प्रेरणम् (nominative singular)
प्रेरणे (dual nominative)
प्रेरणानि (nominative plural)
प्रेरण (singular vocative)
प्रेरणे (dual vocative)
प्रेरणानि (plural vocative)
प्रेरणम् (accusative singular)
प्रेरणे (accusative dual)
प्रेरणानि (accusative plural)
प्रेरणेन (instrumental singular)
प्रेरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रेरणैः (instrumental plural)
प्रेरणाय (dative singular)
प्रेरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रेरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रेरणात् (ablative singular)
प्रेरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रेरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रेरणस्य (genitive singular)
प्रेरणयोः (dual genitive)
प्रेरणानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रेरणे (locative singular)
प्रेरणयोः (dual locative)
प्रेरणेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">प्रेरण</i>

प्रेरणाभ्याम्

प्रेरणाभ्याम्

प्रेरणाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रेरणाभ्याम्

प्रेरणाभ्याम्

प्रेरणाभ्याम्


ईरण

īraṇa (romanization)
ईरणः (nominative singular)
ईरणौ (dual nominative)
ईरणाः (nominative plural)
ईरण (singular vocative)
ईरणौ (dual vocative)
ईरणाः (plural vocative)
ईरणम् (accusative singular)
ईरणौ (accusative dual)
ईरणान् (accusative plural)
ईरणेन (instrumental singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईरणैः (instrumental plural)
ईरणाय (dative singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईरणात् (ablative singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईरणस्य (genitive singular)
ईरणयोः (dual genitive)
ईरणानाम् (genitive plural)
ईरणे (locative singular)
ईरणयोः (dual locative)
ईरणेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of ईरण


ईरण

īraṇa (romanization)
ईरणम् (nominative singular)
ईरणे (dual nominative)
ईरणानि (nominative plural)
ईरण (singular vocative)
ईरणे (dual vocative)
ईरणानि (plural vocative)
ईरणम् (accusative singular)
ईरणे (accusative dual)
ईरणानि (accusative plural)
ईरणेन (instrumental singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईरणैः (instrumental plural)
ईरणाय (dative singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईरणात् (ablative singular)
ईरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईरणस्य (genitive singular)
ईरणयोः (dual genitive)
ईरणानाम् (genitive plural)
ईरणे (locative singular)
ईरणयोः (dual locative)
ईरणेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">ईरण</i>


क्रमुक

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀫𑀼𑀓 (kamuka)

desc

→ Malayalam: കവുങ്ങ് (kavuṅṅŭ), കൗങ്ങ് (kauṅṅŭ), കമുങ്ങ് (kamuṅṅŭ), കമുക് (kamukŭ)


मालिका

→ Malayalam: മാളിക (māḷika)


कदाचार

kadācāra (romanization)
कदाचारः (nominative singular)
कदाचारौ (dual nominative)
कदाचारा1 (dual nominative)
कदाचाराः (nominative plural)
कदाचारासः1 (nominative plural)
कदाचार (singular vocative)
कदाचारौ (dual vocative)
कदाचारा1 (dual vocative)
कदाचाराः (plural vocative)
कदाचारासः1 (plural vocative)
कदाचारम् (accusative singular)
कदाचारौ (accusative dual)
कदाचारा1 (accusative dual)
कदाचारान् (accusative plural)
कदाचारेण (instrumental singular)
कदाचाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कदाचारैः (instrumental plural)
कदाचारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कदाचाराय (dative singular)
कदाचाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कदाचारेभ्यः (dative plural)
कदाचारात् (ablative singular)
कदाचाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कदाचारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कदाचारस्य (genitive singular)
कदाचारयोः (dual genitive)
कदाचाराणाम् (genitive plural)
कदाचारे (locative singular)
कदाचारयोः (dual locative)
कदाचारेषु (locative plural)

/kɐ.dɑː.t͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

/kɐ.d̪ɑːˈt͡ɕɑː.ɾɐ/

कद्- (kad-, “mal-”) + आचार (ācāra, “conduct”).


जटामांसी

sa-noun

जटामांसी • (jaṭāmāṃsī) stem, f

jaṭāmāṃsī (romanization)
जटामांसी (nominative singular)
जटामांस्यौ (dual nominative)
जटामांसी1 (dual nominative)
जटामांस्यः (nominative plural)
जटामांसीः1 (nominative plural)
जटामांसि (singular vocative)
जटामांस्यौ (dual vocative)
जटामांसी1 (dual vocative)
जटामांस्यः (plural vocative)
जटामांसीः1 (plural vocative)
जटामांसीम् (accusative singular)
जटामांस्यौ (accusative dual)
जटामांसी1 (accusative dual)
जटामांसीः (accusative plural)
जटामांस्या (instrumental singular)
जटामांसीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जटामांसीभिः (instrumental plural)
जटामांस्यै (dative singular)
जटामांसीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जटामांसीभ्यः (dative plural)
जटामांस्याः (ablative singular)
जटामांस्यै2 (ablative singular)
जटामांसीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जटामांसीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जटामांस्याः (genitive singular)
जटामांस्यै2 (genitive singular)
जटामांस्योः (dual genitive)
जटामांसीनाम् (genitive plural)
जटामांस्याम् (locative singular)
जटामांस्योः (dual locative)
जटामांसीषु (locative plural)

Borrowed terms

desc

→ Hindi: जटामांसी (jaṭāmānsī)

→ Hindi: जटामांसी (jaṭāmānsī)

→ Nepali: जटामांसी (jaṭāmānsī)

→ Bengali: জটামাংসী (joṭamaṅśi)

/d͡ʑɐ.ʈɑː.mɑ̃ː.siː/

/d͡ʑɐ.ʈɑːˈmɑ̃ː.s̪iː/

Compound of जटा (jaṭā, “dreadlocks”) + मनस् (manas, “mind”), in reference to the appearance of the rhizomes, and the effect of its essential oil on the nervous system.

com+

Nardostachys jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi#Translingual


अधिवास

adhivāsa (romanization)
अधिवासः (nominative singular)
अधिवासौ (dual nominative)
अधिवासा1 (dual nominative)
अधिवासाः (nominative plural)
अधिवासासः1 (nominative plural)
अधिवास (singular vocative)
अधिवासौ (dual vocative)
अधिवासा1 (dual vocative)
अधिवासाः (plural vocative)
अधिवासासः1 (plural vocative)
अधिवासम् (accusative singular)
अधिवासौ (accusative dual)
अधिवासा1 (accusative dual)
अधिवासान् (accusative plural)
अधिवासेन (instrumental singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिवासैः (instrumental plural)
अधिवासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधिवासाय (dative singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिवासेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिवासात् (ablative singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिवासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिवासस्य (genitive singular)
अधिवासयोः (dual genitive)
अधिवासानाम् (genitive plural)
अधिवासे (locative singular)
अधिवासयोः (dual locative)
अधिवासेषु (locative plural)

→ Thai: อธิวาส (à-tí-wâat)

/ɐ.d̪ʱiˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ/

dharṇā धारणा

sitting before a person's house without taking food till he ceases to oppose or refuse a demand (commonly called ‘sitting in dharṇā’)


अधिवास

adhivāsá (romanization)
अधिवासम् (nominative singular)
अधिवासे (dual nominative)
अधिवासानि (nominative plural)
अधिवासा1 (nominative plural)
अधिवास (singular vocative)
अधिवासे (dual vocative)
अधिवासानि (plural vocative)
अधिवासा1 (plural vocative)
अधिवासम् (accusative singular)
अधिवासे (accusative dual)
अधिवासानि (accusative plural)
अधिवासा1 (accusative plural)
अधिवासेन (instrumental singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिवासैः (instrumental plural)
अधिवासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधिवासाय (dative singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिवासेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिवासात् (ablative singular)
अधिवासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिवासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिवासस्य (genitive singular)
अधिवासयोः (dual genitive)
अधिवासानाम् (genitive plural)
अधिवासे (locative singular)
अधिवासयोः (dual locative)
अधिवासेषु (locative plural)

/ɐ.d̪ʱiˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ/


अधिवास

/ɐ.d̪ʱiˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ/

application of perfumes or fragrant cosmetics


अन्वेषण

→ Malayalam: അന്വേഷണം (anvēṣaṇaṁ)

→ Hindi: अन्वेषण (anveṣaṇ)

/ɐn.ʋɐj.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

[ɐʋ̃.ʋɐj.ʂɐ.ɳɐ]

/ɐn̪ˈʋeː.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/


इन्द्रलोक

indraloka (romanization)
इन्द्रलोकः (nominative singular)
इन्द्रलोकौ (dual nominative)
इन्द्रलोका1 (dual nominative)
इन्द्रलोकाः (nominative plural)
इन्द्रलोकासः1 (nominative plural)
इन्द्रलोक (singular vocative)
इन्द्रलोकौ (dual vocative)
इन्द्रलोका1 (dual vocative)
इन्द्रलोकाः (plural vocative)
इन्द्रलोकासः1 (plural vocative)
इन्द्रलोकम् (accusative singular)
इन्द्रलोकौ (accusative dual)
इन्द्रलोका1 (accusative dual)
इन्द्रलोकान् (accusative plural)
इन्द्रलोकेन (instrumental singular)
इन्द्रलोकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इन्द्रलोकैः (instrumental plural)
इन्द्रलोकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इन्द्रलोकाय (dative singular)
इन्द्रलोकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इन्द्रलोकेभ्यः (dative plural)
इन्द्रलोकात् (ablative singular)
इन्द्रलोकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इन्द्रलोकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इन्द्रलोकस्य (genitive singular)
इन्द्रलोकयोः (dual genitive)
इन्द्रलोकानाम् (genitive plural)
इन्द्रलोके (locative singular)
इन्द्रलोकयोः (dual locative)
इन्द्रलोकेषु (locative plural)

→ Malay: inderaloka

Indonesian: indraloka

Compound of इन्द्र (indra) + लोक (loka).

(Hinduism) Svarga or paradise (ŚBr., Mn., R., etc.)


निम्ब

Hindi: नीम (nīm)
→ English: neem

→ Malayalam: നിംബം (nimbaṁ)

Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica#Translingual

Azadirachta indica; margosa or neem tree


वेध

vedha (romanization)
वेधः (nominative singular)
वेधौ (dual nominative)
वेधा1 (dual nominative)
वेधाः (nominative plural)
वेधासः1 (nominative plural)
वेध (singular vocative)
वेधौ (dual vocative)
वेधा1 (dual vocative)
वेधाः (plural vocative)
वेधासः1 (plural vocative)
वेधम् (accusative singular)
वेधौ (accusative dual)
वेधा1 (accusative dual)
वेधान् (accusative plural)
वेधेन (instrumental singular)
वेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेधैः (instrumental plural)
वेधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेधाय (dative singular)
वेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेधेभ्यः (dative plural)
वेधात् (ablative singular)
वेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेधस्य (genitive singular)
वेधयोः (dual genitive)
वेधानाम् (genitive plural)
वेधे (locative singular)
वेधयोः (dual locative)
वेधेषु (locative plural)

Related to Proto-Iranian *vaiδa-; see व्यध् (vyadh) for more. Compare Old Armenian վէրք (vērkʻ, “wound”), an Iranian borrowing.


सरक

→ Malayalam: ചാരായം (cārāyaṁ)

→ Tamil: சாராயம் (cārāyam)

/ˈs̪ɐ.ɾɐ.kɐ/


गर्भिणीषु

head

गर्भिणीषु • (garbhiṇīṣu)

गर्भिणी गर्भिणी#Sanskrit


अग्निम्

अग्निम् • (agním)

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit


अग्निः

अग्निः • (agníḥ)

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit


अग्ने

अग्ने • (ágne)

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit


पुरोहितम्

पुरोहित पुरोहित#Sanskrit

accusative singular of पुरोहित (purohita)


यज्ञस्य

यज्ञस्य • (yajñásya)

/jɐd͡ʑˈɲɐs̪.jɐ/


देवम्

sa-noun form

देवम् • (devám) m

accusative singular of देव (devá, “deity”)


विवर्तन

desc

വിവർത്തിക്കുക

→ Malayalam: വിവർത്തനം (vivaṟttanaṁ), വിവർത്തിക്കുക (vivaṟttikkuka)

/ʋiˈʋɐɾ.t̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/


द्रावक

→ Hindi: द्रावक (drāvak)

→ Malayalam: ദ്രാവകം (drāvakaṁ)

→ Tamil: திராவகம் (tirāvakam)

/dɾɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/

/ˈd̪ɾɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/


षण्मुख

→ Malayalam: ഷണ്മുഖൻ (ṣaṇmukhaṉ), ഷണ്മുഖം (ṣaṇmukhaṁ)

→ Tamil: சண்முகன் (caṇmukaṉ), ஷண்முகன் (ṣaṇmukaṉ)

→ Telugu: షణ్ముఖుడు (ṣaṇmukhuḍu)


पार्थ

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀣 (pattha)

→ Bengali: পার্থ (partho) (learned)

→ Hindi: पार्थ (pārth) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಪಾರ್ಥ (pārtha) (learned)

/ˈpɑːɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

Vrddhi derivative form of पृथा (pṛthā, “Kunti”).


पृथा

head

पृथा • (pṛthā́) f

→ Hindi: पृथा (pŕthā)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀣𑀸 (puthā)

/ˈpr̩.t̪ʰɑː/

From root पृथ् (pṛth, “flat; broad”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥tʰ (“flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”). Related to पृथु (pṛthu, “broad”) and पृथिवी (pṛthivī, “earth”).

a Kuru queen; member of the Pañcakanyā; wife of Pāṇḍu; mother of the Pāṇḍavas


खटक्किका

khaṭakkikā (romanization)
खटक्किका (nominative singular)
खटक्किके (dual nominative)
खटक्किकाः (nominative plural)
खटक्किके (singular vocative)
खटक्किके (dual vocative)
खटक्किकाः (plural vocative)
खटक्किकाम् (accusative singular)
खटक्किके (accusative dual)
खटक्किकाः (accusative plural)
खटक्किकया (instrumental singular)
खटक्किका1 (instrumental singular)
खटक्किकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खटक्किकाभिः (instrumental plural)
खटक्किकायै (dative singular)
खटक्किकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खटक्किकाभ्यः (dative plural)
खटक्किकायाः (ablative singular)
खटक्किकायै2 (ablative singular)
खटक्किकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खटक्किकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
खटक्किकायाः (genitive singular)
खटक्किकायै2 (genitive singular)
खटक्किकयोः (dual genitive)
खटक्किकानाम् (genitive plural)
खटक्किकायाम् (locative singular)
खटक्किकयोः (dual locative)
खटक्किकासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: کھِرِکِ (khiriki)

Devanagari script: खिरिकि (khiriki)

Prakrit: 𑀔𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀻 (khaḍakkī) (see there for further descendants)

Of uncertain origin. Turner derives the word from खट (khaṭa, “thatching grass”), taking the original meaning as "something made of matting". Related formations in Dravidian languages like Telugu కిటికీ (kiṭikī, “window”) are thought to be borrowed from Indo-Aryan, rather than the other way around.


लोमन्

loman (romanization)
लोम (nominative singular)
लोम्नी (dual nominative)
लोमनी (dual nominative)
लोमानि (nominative plural)
लोम1 (nominative plural)
लोमा1 (nominative plural)
लोमन् (singular vocative)
लोम (singular vocative)
लोम्नी (dual vocative)
लोमनी (dual vocative)
लोमानि (plural vocative)
लोम1 (plural vocative)
लोमा1 (plural vocative)
लोम (accusative singular)
लोम्नी (accusative dual)
लोमनी (accusative dual)
लोमानि (accusative plural)
लोम1 (accusative plural)
लोमा1 (accusative plural)
लोम्ना (instrumental singular)
लोमभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोमभिः (instrumental plural)
लोम्ने (dative singular)
लोमभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोमभ्यः (dative plural)
लोम्नः (ablative singular)
लोमभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोमभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोम्नः (genitive singular)
लोम्नोः (dual genitive)
लोम्नाम् (genitive plural)
लोम्नि (locative singular)
लोमनि (locative singular)
लोमन्1 (locative singular)
लोम्नोः (dual locative)
लोमसु (locative plural)

रोमन् रोमन्#Sanskrit

later form of रोमन् (roman, “body hair”) (RV. etc.)

(in the dual) name of sāmans, performed with Bharadvajasana (ĀrṣBr.)


अरण्यात्

अरण्यात् • (áraṇyāt)

/ɐ́.ɾɐɳ.jɑːt/

[ɐ́.ɾɐj̃.jɑːt]

/ɐˈɾɐɳ.jɑːt̪/

अरण्य अरण्य#Sanskrit


भृङ्गार

भृङ्गार • (bhṛṅgāra) m or n (भृङ्गार)

bhṛṅgāra (romanization)
भृङ्गार (alternative)
भृङ्गारः (nominative singular)
भृङ्गारौ (dual nominative)
भृङ्गारा1 (dual nominative)
भृङ्गाराः (nominative plural)
भृङ्गारासः1 (nominative plural)
भृङ्गार (singular vocative)
भृङ्गारौ (dual vocative)
भृङ्गारा1 (dual vocative)
भृङ्गाराः (plural vocative)
भृङ्गारासः1 (plural vocative)
भृङ्गारम् (accusative singular)
भृङ्गारौ (accusative dual)
भृङ्गारा1 (accusative dual)
भृङ्गारान् (accusative plural)
भृङ्गारेण (instrumental singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भृङ्गारैः (instrumental plural)
भृङ्गारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भृङ्गाराय (dative singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
भृङ्गारेभ्यः (dative plural)
भृङ्गारात् (ablative singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भृङ्गारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भृङ्गारस्य (genitive singular)
भृङ्गारयोः (dual genitive)
भृङ्गाराणाम् (genitive plural)
भृङ्गारे (locative singular)
भृङ्गारयोः (dual locative)
भृङ्गारेषु (locative plural)
भृङ्गारम् (nominative singular)
भृङ्गारे (dual nominative)
भृङ्गाराणि (nominative plural)
भृङ्गारा1 (nominative plural)
भृङ्गार (singular vocative)
भृङ्गारे (dual vocative)
भृङ्गाराणि (plural vocative)
भृङ्गारा1 (plural vocative)
भृङ्गारम् (accusative singular)
भृङ्गारे (accusative dual)
भृङ्गाराणि (accusative plural)
भृङ्गारा1 (accusative plural)
भृङ्गारेण (instrumental singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भृङ्गारैः (instrumental plural)
भृङ्गारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भृङ्गाराय (dative singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
भृङ्गारेभ्यः (dative plural)
भृङ्गारात् (ablative singular)
भृङ्गाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भृङ्गारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भृङ्गारस्य (genitive singular)
भृङ्गारयोः (dual genitive)
भृङ्गाराणाम् (genitive plural)
भृङ्गारे (locative singular)
भृङ्गारयोः (dual locative)
भृङ्गारेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀪𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀸𑀭 (bhaṅgāra)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀗𑁆𑀕𑀭 (bhaṅgara)

Konkani: भांगर (bhāṅgar)

Kannada: ಬಂಗಾರ (baṅgāra)

→ Konkani: बंगार (baṅgār)

Telugu: బంగారము (baṅgāramu)

/bʱr̩ŋ.ɡɑ́ː.ɾɐ/

/bʱr̩ŋˈɡɑː.ɾɐ/

Possibly related to भृ (bhṛ, “to bear”).

gold, the heavy yellow elemental metal of great value, with atomic number 79 and symbol Au.


तिमिर

→ Malayalam: തിമിരം (timiraṁ)


बहल

→ Malayalam: ബഹളം (bahaḷaṁ)

/ˈbɐ.ɦɐ.l̪ɐ/

Very much, copious, abundant, plentiful, manifold, great, strong


बैल्व

bailva (romanization)
बैल्वः (nominative singular)
बैल्वौ (dual nominative)
बैल्वाः (nominative plural)
बैल्व (singular vocative)
बैल्वौ (dual vocative)
बैल्वाः (plural vocative)
बैल्वम् (accusative singular)
बैल्वौ (accusative dual)
बैल्वान् (accusative plural)
बैल्वेन (instrumental singular)
बैल्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बैल्वैः (instrumental plural)
बैल्वाय (dative singular)
बैल्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बैल्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
बैल्वात् (ablative singular)
बैल्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बैल्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बैल्वस्य (genitive singular)
बैल्वयोः (dual genitive)
बैल्वानाम् (genitive plural)
बैल्वे (locative singular)
बैल्वयोः (dual locative)
बैल्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of बैल्व

बैल्वाभ्याम्

बैल्वाभ्याम्

बैल्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

बैल्वाभ्याम्

बैल्वाभ्याम्

बैल्वाभ्याम्

Prakrit: 𑀩𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮 (bĕlla)

Assamese: বেল (bel)

Bengali: বেল (bel)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri:

Devanagari script: बेल (bēl)

Kaithi script: 𑂥𑂵𑂪 (bel)

Maithili: बेल (bel)

Garhwali: बेल (bel)

Hindustani:

Awadhi: बेल (bel)

Hindi: बेल (bel)
→ English: bael, bel

Urdu: بیل (bel)

Kumaoni: बेल (bel)

Old Marathi: बेल (bela)

Marathi: बेल (bel)

Nepali: बेल (bel)

Odia: ବେଲ (bela)

⇒ Sinhalese: බෙලි (beli)

Sylheti: ꠛꠦꠟ (bel)

Pali: beluva

Vṛddhi derivative of बिल्व (bilva, “bael”).

vrd

बिल्व बिल्व#Sanskrit


मरिच

marica (romanization)
मरिचः (nominative singular)
मरिचौ (dual nominative)
मरिचा1 (dual nominative)
मरिचाः (nominative plural)
मरिचासः1 (nominative plural)
मरिच (singular vocative)
मरिचौ (dual vocative)
मरिचा1 (dual vocative)
मरिचाः (plural vocative)
मरिचासः1 (plural vocative)
मरिचम् (accusative singular)
मरिचौ (accusative dual)
मरिचा1 (accusative dual)
मरिचान् (accusative plural)
मरिचेन (instrumental singular)
मरिचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मरिचैः (instrumental plural)
मरिचेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मरिचाय (dative singular)
मरिचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मरिचेभ्यः (dative plural)
मरिचात् (ablative singular)
मरिचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मरिचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मरिचस्य (genitive singular)
मरिचयोः (dual genitive)
मरिचानाम् (genitive plural)
मरिचे (locative singular)
मरिचयोः (dual locative)
मरिचेषु (locative plural)

A borrowing from a local language, probably Austroasiatic; compare Mon မြေက် (mrek) and Khmer ម្រេច (mrɨc), as well as Proto-Dravidian *miḷVku, the latter which probably also borrowed from the same source as the Sanskrit. The Sanskrit form is the source of borrowings into Iranian, Turkic, and other Western languages; compare Persian مرچ (murč), Kyrgyz мурч (murc), and Hungarian bors.


मण्डप

maṇḍapa (romanization)
मण्डपः (nominative singular)
मण्डपौ (dual nominative)
मण्डपा1 (dual nominative)
मण्डपाः (nominative plural)
मण्डपासः1 (nominative plural)
मण्डप (singular vocative)
मण्डपौ (dual vocative)
मण्डपा1 (dual vocative)
मण्डपाः (plural vocative)
मण्डपासः1 (plural vocative)
मण्डपम् (accusative singular)
मण्डपौ (accusative dual)
मण्डपा1 (accusative dual)
मण्डपान् (accusative plural)
मण्डपेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डपैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डपाय (dative singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डपेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डपात् (ablative singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डपस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डपयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डपानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डपे (locative singular)
मण्डपयोः (dual locative)
मण्डपेषु (locative plural)
मण्डपम् (nominative singular)
मण्डपे (dual nominative)
मण्डपानि (nominative plural)
मण्डपा1 (nominative plural)
मण्डप (singular vocative)
मण्डपे (dual vocative)
मण्डपानि (plural vocative)
मण्डपा1 (plural vocative)
मण्डपम् (accusative singular)
मण्डपे (accusative dual)
मण्डपानि (accusative plural)
मण्डपा1 (accusative plural)
मण्डपेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डपैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डपाय (dative singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डपेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डपात् (ablative singular)
मण्डपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डपस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डपयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डपानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डपे (locative singular)
मण्डपयोः (dual locative)
मण्डपेषु (locative plural)

→ Early Assamese: মণ্ডপ (moṇḍopo)

→ English: mandapa

→ Hindi: मंडप (maṇḍap)

→ English: mandap

→ Malay: mendapa

→ Malayalam: മണ്ഡപം (maṇḍapaṁ)

→ Old Gujarati: मंडप (maṃḍapa)

→ Old Javanese: maṇḍapa

Javanese: ꦥꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ (pendhapa)

→ Indonesian: pendopo

→ Malay: pendapa

→ Odia: ମଣ୍ଡପ (maṇḍapa)

Pali: maṇḍapa

→ Burmese: မဏ္ဍပ် (mandap)

→ Thai: มณฑป (mon-dòp)

Prakrit:

Gujarati: માંડવો (mā̃ḍvo)

→ Tamil: மண்டபம் (maṇṭapam)

desc

→ Telugu: మండపం (maṇḍapaṁ), మండపము (maṇḍapamu)

/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.pɐ/

Of uncertain origin. Probably borrowed from substrate, supported by the phonetic variation of -ṇḍ- with -ṇṭ- in the word's descendants. Probably related to मठ (maṭha, “monastery”) and the second element of बोधिमण्ड (bodhi-maṇḍa, “framework of (spiritual) awakening”).

an open hall or temporary shed (erected on festive occasions)

(masculine, in compounds with names of plants) arbour, bower (Hariv., Kāv., etc.)


स्थविर

sthávira (romanization)
स्थविरः (nominative singular)
स्थविरौ (dual nominative)
स्थविरा1 (dual nominative)
स्थविराः (nominative plural)
स्थविरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्थविर (singular vocative)
स्थविरौ (dual vocative)
स्थविरा1 (dual vocative)
स्थविराः (plural vocative)
स्थविरासः1 (plural vocative)
स्थविरम् (accusative singular)
स्थविरौ (accusative dual)
स्थविरा1 (accusative dual)
स्थविरान् (accusative plural)
स्थविरेण (instrumental singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थविरैः (instrumental plural)
स्थविरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्थविराय (dative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थविरात् (ablative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थविरस्य (genitive singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual genitive)
स्थविराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्थविरे (locative singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual locative)
स्थविरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰɐ.ʋi.ɾɐ/

Reflects Proto-Indo-European *stéwh₂ros, metathesized from *stéh₂uros, but with aspiration presumedly transferred from zero-grade forms in *sth₂u- of the original stem *steh₂-w-, of which *stewh₂- is a metathetic variant (*स्तविर (stavira) would otherwise be expected). Related to स्थूर (sthūra, “strong, thick”); see there for more.

Coordinate term: स्थविरा (sthavirā, “old woman”)

(Buddhism) an Elder (title of the oldest and most venerable Bhikṣus) (MWB. pg. 184, 255 etc.)

आर्यस्थाविर

(in the plural) name of a school (sect) (Buddh.)


स्थविर

sthávira (romanization)
स्थविरम् (nominative singular)
स्थविरे (dual nominative)
स्थविराणि (nominative plural)
स्थविरा1 (nominative plural)
स्थविर (singular vocative)
स्थविरे (dual vocative)
स्थविराणि (plural vocative)
स्थविरा1 (plural vocative)
स्थविरम् (accusative singular)
स्थविरे (accusative dual)
स्थविराणि (accusative plural)
स्थविरा1 (accusative plural)
स्थविरेण (instrumental singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थविरैः (instrumental plural)
स्थविरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्थविराय (dative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थविरात् (ablative singular)
स्थविराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थविरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थविरस्य (genitive singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual genitive)
स्थविराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्थविरे (locative singular)
स्थविरयोः (dual locative)
स्थविरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: thera

/ˈs̪t̪ʰɐ.ʋi.ɾɐ/


मुक्ता

→ Bengali: মুক্তা (mukta)

→ Thai: มุก (múk)

>? Pali: muttā

Traditionally derived from मुच् (√muc, “to loosen, let loose, free” (verb मुञ्चति (muñcáti))) + -त (-ta, “-ed”), as pearl collectors would "loosen" pearls from the shells of clams.
However, Mayrhofer considers the above to be folk etymology, and prefers to derive the word from an unattested intermediate *मुत्ता (muttā) (whence Pali muttā (“pearl”)), which was hyper-corrected in order to match the folk etymology.
In light of the intermediate form, more likely from मूर्ता (mūrtā, “trickled, spread-over, congealed”), the past participle of मूर्छ् (mūrch), or, along with corresponding Dravidian words (compare Tamil முத்து (muttu)), borrowed from some other source language.

af

“to loosen, let loose, free” (verb <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">मुञ्चति</i> (muñcáti))


पर्यङ्क

paryaṅka (romanization)
पर्यङ्कः (nominative singular)
पर्यङ्कौ (dual nominative)
पर्यङ्का1 (dual nominative)
पर्यङ्काः (nominative plural)
पर्यङ्कासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्यङ्क (singular vocative)
पर्यङ्कौ (dual vocative)
पर्यङ्का1 (dual vocative)
पर्यङ्काः (plural vocative)
पर्यङ्कासः1 (plural vocative)
पर्यङ्कम् (accusative singular)
पर्यङ्कौ (accusative dual)
पर्यङ्का1 (accusative dual)
पर्यङ्कान् (accusative plural)
पर्यङ्केण (instrumental singular)
पर्यङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्यङ्कैः (instrumental plural)
पर्यङ्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्यङ्काय (dative singular)
पर्यङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्यङ्केभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्यङ्कात् (ablative singular)
पर्यङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्यङ्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्यङ्कस्य (genitive singular)
पर्यङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
पर्यङ्काणाम् (genitive plural)
पर्यङ्के (locative singular)
पर्यङ्कयोः (dual locative)
पर्यङ्केषु (locative plural)

Assamese: পাল্কী (palki)

Bengali: পালকি (paloki)

Bhojpuri: पाल्की (pālkī)

English: palanka

Hindi: पलंग (palaṅg), पालकी (pālkī)

English: palki

Marathi: पलंग (palaṅga)

desctree

Odia: ପାଲଙ୍କି (pālaṅki)
→ Portuguese: palanquim
→ Catalan: palanquí
→ Galician: palanquín
→ English: palanquin, palankin, palankeen, palanchin, palanchine, palanchino, pallanchine, pallankin, palakin, palamkeen, palamkeene, palamkin, palankine, palanquine, pallaquin, pallenkine, pollankan, palanqueen, palenkeen, pallankeen, pallanquin, palenqueen, pallenkeen, palinquin, palanka, palanke, palankee, palanque, palanquy
Czech: palankin
Danish: palankin
Polish: palankin
→ French: palanquin
German: Palankin
Romanian: palanchin
→ Indonesian: pelangkin
Italian: palanchino
→ English: palanchine, palanchino
→ Russian: паланки́н (palankín)
→ Spanish: palanquín

/pɐɾˈjɐŋ.kɐ/

Of uncertain origin. Often taken as परि (pari, “around, about”) + अङ्कस् (aṅkas, “bend, curve”). However, Mayrhofer suggests that this may be a folk etymology, and that the word was borrowed from a foreign language, perhaps Dravidian or Elamite.

com

furniture for lying down: a bed, a couch

vehicle in which one lies down: a litter, a palanquin


पल्यङ्क

palyaṅka (romanization)
पल्यङ्कः (nominative singular)
पल्यङ्कौ (dual nominative)
पल्यङ्का1 (dual nominative)
पल्यङ्काः (nominative plural)
पल्यङ्कासः1 (nominative plural)
पल्यङ्क (singular vocative)
पल्यङ्कौ (dual vocative)
पल्यङ्का1 (dual vocative)
पल्यङ्काः (plural vocative)
पल्यङ्कासः1 (plural vocative)
पल्यङ्कम् (accusative singular)
पल्यङ्कौ (accusative dual)
पल्यङ्का1 (accusative dual)
पल्यङ्कान् (accusative plural)
पल्यङ्केन (instrumental singular)
पल्यङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पल्यङ्कैः (instrumental plural)
पल्यङ्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पल्यङ्काय (dative singular)
पल्यङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
पल्यङ्केभ्यः (dative plural)
पल्यङ्कात् (ablative singular)
पल्यङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पल्यङ्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
पल्यङ्कस्य (genitive singular)
पल्यङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
पल्यङ्कानाम् (genitive plural)
पल्यङ्के (locative singular)
पल्यङ्कयोः (dual locative)
पल्यङ्केषु (locative plural)

पर्यङ्क पर्यङ्क#Sanskrit


भेड्र

bheḍra (romanization)
भेड्रः (nominative singular)
भेड्रौ (dual nominative)
भेड्रा1 (dual nominative)
भेड्राः (nominative plural)
भेड्रासः1 (nominative plural)
भेड्र (singular vocative)
भेड्रौ (dual vocative)
भेड्रा1 (dual vocative)
भेड्राः (plural vocative)
भेड्रासः1 (plural vocative)
भेड्रम् (accusative singular)
भेड्रौ (accusative dual)
भेड्रा1 (accusative dual)
भेड्रान् (accusative plural)
भेड्रेण (instrumental singular)
भेड्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भेड्रैः (instrumental plural)
भेड्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भेड्राय (dative singular)
भेड्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
भेड्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
भेड्रात् (ablative singular)
भेड्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भेड्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भेड्रस्य (genitive singular)
भेड्रयोः (dual genitive)
भेड्राणाम् (genitive plural)
भेड्रे (locative singular)
भेड्रयोः (dual locative)
भेड्रेषु (locative plural)

Central Indo-Aryan:

Hindustani:

desc

Hindi: भेड़ (bheṛ), भेड़ी (bheṛī), भेड़ा (bheṛā), भेड़िया (bheṛiyā)

Urdu: بھیڑ (bheṛ), بھیڑی (bheṛī), بھیڑا (bheṛā), بھیڑیا (bheṛiyā)

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Bengali–Assamese:

Bengali: ভেড়া (bheṛa)

Assamese: ভেড়া (bhera)

Odia: ଭେଡ଼ (bheṛa), ଭେଡ଼ା (bheṛā), ଭେଡ଼ି (bheṛi)

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਭੇਡ (bheḍ)

Shahmukhi script: بھیڈ (bheḍ)

Saraiki: بھیݙ (bheḏ)

Borrowed terms

→? Malay: biri-biri (see there for further descendants)

Related to मेण्ढ (meṇḍha, “ram”) and मेण्ढ्र (meṇḍhra, “ram; penis”); all of substrate, possibly Munda, origin.


ब्रह्मी

→ Malayalam: ബ്രഹ്മി (brahmi)


भर्ता

sa-noun form

भर्ता • (bhártā) m

→ Malayalam: ഭർത്താവ് (bhaṟttāvŭ)

→ Tamil: பத்தா (pattā)

/ˈbʱɐɾ.t̪ɑː/

भर्तृ भर्तृ#Sanskrit

nominative singular of भर्तृ (bhártṛ, “husband”)


वत्सर

vatsara (romanization)
वत्सरः (nominative singular)
वत्सरौ (dual nominative)
वत्सरा1 (dual nominative)
वत्सराः (nominative plural)
वत्सरासः1 (nominative plural)
वत्सर (singular vocative)
वत्सरौ (dual vocative)
वत्सरा1 (dual vocative)
वत्सराः (plural vocative)
वत्सरासः1 (plural vocative)
वत्सरम् (accusative singular)
वत्सरौ (accusative dual)
वत्सरा1 (accusative dual)
वत्सरान् (accusative plural)
वत्सरेण (instrumental singular)
वत्सराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वत्सरैः (instrumental plural)
वत्सरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वत्सराय (dative singular)
वत्सराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वत्सरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वत्सरात् (ablative singular)
वत्सराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वत्सरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वत्सरस्य (genitive singular)
वत्सरयोः (dual genitive)
वत्सराणाम् (genitive plural)
वत्सरे (locative singular)
वत्सरयोः (dual locative)
वत्सरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: vacchara

→ Malayalam: വത്സരം (vatsaraṁ)

/ˈʋɐt̪.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
Sanskrit वत्सर (vatsara)
From वत्स (vatsa), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás, from Proto-Indo-European *wétos + *-ós. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔτος (étos, “year”).

etymon

the fifth year in a cycle of 5 or 6 years, (or) the sixth year in a cycle of 6 years


आकाशगर्भ

English: Akasagarbha

desctree

Chinese: 虛空藏菩薩 /虚空藏菩萨

Chinese: 虛空藏菩薩 /虚空藏菩萨

Japanese: 虚空蔵菩薩

Korean: 허공장보살 (heogongjangbosal)

Vietnamese: Hư Không Tạng Bồ Tát

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ɡɐɾ.bʱɐ/

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐˈɡɐɾ.bʱɐ/

From आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + गर्भ (gárbha, “the inside”).


क्षितिगर्भ

English: Kṣitigarbha

Chinese: 地藏 (dìzàng)

→ Japanese: 地蔵 (Jizō)

→ Korean: 지장 (jijang)

→ Vietnamese: Địa Tạng

From क्षिति (kṣíti, “earth”) + गर्भ (gárbha, “womb”).


दूषण

dū́ṣaṇa (romanization)
दूषणम् (nominative singular)
दूषणे (dual nominative)
दूषणानि (nominative plural)
दूषणा1 (nominative plural)
दूषण (singular vocative)
दूषणे (dual vocative)
दूषणानि (plural vocative)
दूषणा1 (plural vocative)
दूषणम् (accusative singular)
दूषणे (accusative dual)
दूषणानि (accusative plural)
दूषणा1 (accusative plural)
दूषणेन (instrumental singular)
दूषणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूषणैः (instrumental plural)
दूषणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दूषणाय (dative singular)
दूषणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूषणेभ्यः (dative plural)
दूषणात् (ablative singular)
दूषणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूषणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूषणस्य (genitive singular)
दूषणयोः (dual genitive)
दूषणानाम् (genitive plural)
दूषणे (locative singular)
दूषणयोः (dual locative)
दूषणेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪uː.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/


लाडिक

lāḍika (romanization)
लाडिकः (nominative singular)
लाडिकौ (dual nominative)
लाडिका1 (dual nominative)
लाडिकाः (nominative plural)
लाडिकासः1 (nominative plural)
लाडिक (singular vocative)
लाडिकौ (dual vocative)
लाडिका1 (dual vocative)
लाडिकाः (plural vocative)
लाडिकासः1 (plural vocative)
लाडिकम् (accusative singular)
लाडिकौ (accusative dual)
लाडिका1 (accusative dual)
लाडिकान् (accusative plural)
लाडिकेन (instrumental singular)
लाडिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लाडिकैः (instrumental plural)
लाडिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लाडिकाय (dative singular)
लाडिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लाडिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
लाडिकात् (ablative singular)
लाडिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लाडिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लाडिकस्य (genitive singular)
लाडिकयोः (dual genitive)
लाडिकानाम् (genitive plural)
लाडिके (locative singular)
लाडिकयोः (dual locative)
लाडिकेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps connected to लल् (lal, “to frolic, play”).


वाल्मीक

vālmīka (romanization)
वाल्मीकः (nominative singular)
वाल्मीकौ (dual nominative)
वाल्मीका1 (dual nominative)
वाल्मीकाः (nominative plural)
वाल्मीकासः1 (nominative plural)
वाल्मीक (singular vocative)
वाल्मीकौ (dual vocative)
वाल्मीका1 (dual vocative)
वाल्मीकाः (plural vocative)
वाल्मीकासः1 (plural vocative)
वाल्मीकम् (accusative singular)
वाल्मीकौ (accusative dual)
वाल्मीका1 (accusative dual)
वाल्मीकान् (accusative plural)
वाल्मीकेन (instrumental singular)
वाल्मीकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाल्मीकैः (instrumental plural)
वाल्मीकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाल्मीकाय (dative singular)
वाल्मीकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाल्मीकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाल्मीकात् (ablative singular)
वाल्मीकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाल्मीकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाल्मीकस्य (genitive singular)
वाल्मीकयोः (dual genitive)
वाल्मीकानाम् (genitive plural)
वाल्मीके (locative singular)
वाल्मीकयोः (dual locative)
वाल्मीकेषु (locative plural)

/ʋɑːl̪ˈmiː.kɐ/

coming from, or belonging to an anthill.


प्रस्रव

prasrava (romanization)
प्रस्रवः (nominative singular)
प्रस्रवौ (dual nominative)
प्रस्रवा1 (dual nominative)
प्रस्रवाः (nominative plural)
प्रस्रवासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रस्रव (singular vocative)
प्रस्रवौ (dual vocative)
प्रस्रवा1 (dual vocative)
प्रस्रवाः (plural vocative)
प्रस्रवासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रस्रवम् (accusative singular)
प्रस्रवौ (accusative dual)
प्रस्रवा1 (accusative dual)
प्रस्रवान् (accusative plural)
प्रस्रवेण (instrumental singular)
प्रस्रवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रस्रवैः (instrumental plural)
प्रस्रवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रस्रवाय (dative singular)
प्रस्रवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रस्रवेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रस्रवात् (ablative singular)
प्रस्रवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रस्रवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रस्रवस्य (genitive singular)
प्रस्रवयोः (dual genitive)
प्रस्रवाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रस्रवे (locative singular)
प्रस्रवयोः (dual locative)
प्रस्रवेषु (locative plural)

Pali: passāva

/pɾɐs.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/

/ˈpɾɐs̪.ɾɐ.ʋɐ/


उत्कर्ष

utkarṣa (romanization)
उत्कर्षः (nominative singular)
उत्कर्षौ (dual nominative)
उत्कर्षा1 (dual nominative)
उत्कर्षाः (nominative plural)
उत्कर्षासः1 (nominative plural)
उत्कर्ष (singular vocative)
उत्कर्षौ (dual vocative)
उत्कर्षा1 (dual vocative)
उत्कर्षाः (plural vocative)
उत्कर्षासः1 (plural vocative)
उत्कर्षम् (accusative singular)
उत्कर्षौ (accusative dual)
उत्कर्षा1 (accusative dual)
उत्कर्षान् (accusative plural)
उत्कर्षेण (instrumental singular)
उत्कर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उत्कर्षैः (instrumental plural)
उत्कर्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उत्कर्षाय (dative singular)
उत्कर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उत्कर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
उत्कर्षात् (ablative singular)
उत्कर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उत्कर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उत्कर्षस्य (genitive singular)
उत्कर्षयोः (dual genitive)
उत्कर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
उत्कर्षे (locative singular)
उत्कर्षयोः (dual locative)
उत्कर्षेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ Malayalam: ഉത്കർഷം (utkaṟṣaṁ), ഉല്കർഷം (ulkaṟṣaṁ), ഉൽകർഷം (ulkaṟṣaṁ)

/ut̪ˈkɐɾ.ʂɐ/

[ut̪̚ˈkɐɾ.ʂɐ]


चित्रकर

citrakara (romanization)
चित्रकरः (nominative singular)
चित्रकरौ (dual nominative)
चित्रकरा1 (dual nominative)
चित्रकराः (nominative plural)
चित्रकरासः1 (nominative plural)
चित्रकर (singular vocative)
चित्रकरौ (dual vocative)
चित्रकरा1 (dual vocative)
चित्रकराः (plural vocative)
चित्रकरासः1 (plural vocative)
चित्रकरम् (accusative singular)
चित्रकरौ (accusative dual)
चित्रकरा1 (accusative dual)
चित्रकरान् (accusative plural)
चित्रकरेण (instrumental singular)
चित्रकराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चित्रकरैः (instrumental plural)
चित्रकरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चित्रकराय (dative singular)
चित्रकराभ्याम् (dative dual)
चित्रकरेभ्यः (dative plural)
चित्रकरात् (ablative singular)
चित्रकराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चित्रकरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चित्रकरस्य (genitive singular)
चित्रकरयोः (dual genitive)
चित्रकराणाम् (genitive plural)
चित्रकरे (locative singular)
चित्रकरयोः (dual locative)
चित्रकरेषु (locative plural)

→ Thai: จิตรกร (jìt-dtrà-gɔɔn)

/ˈt͡ɕit̪.ɾɐ.kɐ.ɾɐ/

चित्र (citra, “coloring, picture”) + कर (kara, “doer”).


शिल्पिन्

śilpin (romanization)
शिल्पी (nominative singular)
शिल्पिनौ (dual nominative)
शिल्पिना1 (dual nominative)
शिल्पिनः (nominative plural)
शिल्पिन् (singular vocative)
शिल्पिनौ (dual vocative)
शिल्पिना1 (dual vocative)
शिल्पिनः (plural vocative)
शिल्पिनम् (accusative singular)
शिल्पिनौ (accusative dual)
शिल्पिना1 (accusative dual)
शिल्पिनः (accusative plural)
शिल्पिना (instrumental singular)
शिल्पिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिल्पिभिः (instrumental plural)
शिल्पिने (dative singular)
शिल्पिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिल्पिभ्यः (dative plural)
शिल्पिनः (ablative singular)
शिल्पिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिल्पिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिल्पिनः (genitive singular)
शिल्पिनोः (dual genitive)
शिल्पिनाम् (genitive plural)
शिल्पिनि (locative singular)
शिल्पिनोः (dual locative)
शिल्पिषु (locative plural)

From शिल्प (śilpa, “the art of variegation”) + -इन् (-in).

af

an artificer, artisan, craftsman, artist


कर्पट

karpaṭa (romanization)
कर्पटम् (nominative singular)
कर्पटे (dual nominative)
कर्पटानि (nominative plural)
कर्पट (singular vocative)
कर्पटे (dual vocative)
कर्पटानि (plural vocative)
कर्पटम् (accusative singular)
कर्पटे (accusative dual)
कर्पटानि (accusative plural)
कर्पटेन (instrumental singular)
कर्पटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्पटैः (instrumental plural)
कर्पटाय (dative singular)
कर्पटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्पटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्पटात् (ablative singular)
कर्पटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्पटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्पटस्य (genitive singular)
कर्पटयोः (dual genitive)
कर्पटानाम् (genitive plural)
कर्पटे (locative singular)
कर्पटयोः (dual locative)
कर्पटेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kappaṭa

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀟 (kappaḍa) (see there for further descendants)

/ˈkɐɾ.pɐ.ʈɐ/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit कद्- (kad-)?
Proto-Indo-European *pel-der.?
Sanskrit पट (paṭa)?
Sanskrit कर्पट (karpaṭa)
Unknown.
Burrow, following the Pali Text Society, suggests a re-Sanskritisation of the Middle Indo-Aryan descendant of कद्- (kad-, “what?”) + पट (paṭa, “garment”). However, the prefixation of कद् (kad, “what”) in the sense "bad" is not widespread; compare Pali kantāra (“forest”), potentially derived from कद्- (kad-) + तरति (tarati, “crosses”), i.e. "difficult to cross", and Sanskrit कदाचार (kadācāra, “bad conduct”).
Other sources attempt to relate the word to कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”) and ultimately derive it from a substrate language; in this case, the -pāsa- in कर्पास (karpāsa) is a dialectal form of पट (paṭa). However, this etymology is phonologically difficult and no specific source language is known.

ncog

old or patched or raggedy garments; a patch; a rag


पतङ्ग

pataṅgá (romanization)
पत् (root)
पतङ्गः (nominative singular)
पतङ्गौ (dual nominative)
पतङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
पतङ्गाः (nominative plural)
पतङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
पतङ्ग (singular vocative)
पतङ्गौ (dual vocative)
पतङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
पतङ्गाः (plural vocative)
पतङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)
पतङ्गम् (accusative singular)
पतङ्गौ (accusative dual)
पतङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
पतङ्गान् (accusative plural)
पतङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
पतङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पतङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
पतङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पतङ्गाय (dative singular)
पतङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पतङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
पतङ्गात् (ablative singular)
पतङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पतङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पतङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
पतङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
पतङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
पतङ्गे (locative singular)
पतङ्गयोः (dual locative)
पतङ्गेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀬𑀁𑀕 m (payaṃga, “grasshopper”)

Prakrit: *𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁𑀕 (*pattaṃga)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पतिंगा (patiṅgā, “grasshopper”), पतंगा (pataṅgā)

Urdu: پتنگا

Punjabi: ਪਤੰਗਾ (pataṅgā)

Pali: paṭaṅga

Prakrit: *𑀨𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀁𑀕 (*phattiṃga)

Hindustani:

Hindi: फतिंगा (phatiṅgā)

Urdu: پھتنگا

Urdu: پھتنگا

फडिङ्गा (phaḍiṅgā) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: पतंग / Urdu: پتنگ (pataṅg, “kite”)

→ Pashto: پتنګ (patang)

→ Ushojo: پھتنگ

→ Gujarati: પતંગ (pataṅg), પતંગિયું (pataṅgiyũ, “butterfly”)

→ Punjabi: ਪਤੰਗ (pataṅg)

→ Translingual: Patanga

/pɐ.tɐŋ.ɡɐ́/

/pɐˈt̪ɐŋ.ɡɐ/

पतम् (patam) + ग (ga), from पत् (pat, “to fall; to fly”). The variety in forms of the descendants (some with aspirated labial and/or retroflexion) suggests great substrate influence.

Denotes various flying objects:
a moth, locust, or grasshopper

Denotes various flying objects:
a ball for playing with

Denotes various flying objects:
quicksilver


काल्य

kālya (romanization)
काल्यम् (nominative singular)
काल्ये (dual nominative)
काल्यानि (nominative plural)
काल्या1 (nominative plural)
काल्य (singular vocative)
काल्ये (dual vocative)
काल्यानि (plural vocative)
काल्या1 (plural vocative)
काल्यम् (accusative singular)
काल्ये (accusative dual)
काल्यानि (accusative plural)
काल्या1 (accusative plural)
काल्येन (instrumental singular)
काल्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काल्यैः (instrumental plural)
काल्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काल्याय (dative singular)
काल्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
काल्येभ्यः (dative plural)
काल्यात् (ablative singular)
काल्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काल्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
काल्यस्य (genitive singular)
काल्ययोः (dual genitive)
काल्यानाम् (genitive plural)
काल्ये (locative singular)
काल्ययोः (dual locative)
काल्येषु (locative plural)

Northwestern:

Sindhi: ڪالهه (“kalha”)


कल्या

kalyā (romanization)
कल्या (nominative singular)
कल्ये (dual nominative)
कल्याः (nominative plural)
कल्ये (singular vocative)
कल्ये (dual vocative)
कल्याः (plural vocative)
कल्याम् (accusative singular)
कल्ये (accusative dual)
कल्याः (accusative plural)
कल्यया (instrumental singular)
कल्या1 (instrumental singular)
कल्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कल्याभिः (instrumental plural)
कल्यायै (dative singular)
कल्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कल्याभ्यः (dative plural)
कल्यायाः (ablative singular)
कल्यायै2 (ablative singular)
कल्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कल्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
कल्यायाः (genitive singular)
कल्यायै2 (genitive singular)
कल्ययोः (dual genitive)
कल्यानाम् (genitive plural)
कल्यायाम् (locative singular)
कल्ययोः (dual locative)
कल्यासु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil கள் (kaḷ, “toddy, liquor”).


गोलिका

golikā (romanization)
गोलिका (nominative singular)
गोलिके (dual nominative)
गोलिकाः (nominative plural)
गोलिके (singular vocative)
गोलिके (dual vocative)
गोलिकाः (plural vocative)
गोलिकाम् (accusative singular)
गोलिके (accusative dual)
गोलिकाः (accusative plural)
गोलिकया (instrumental singular)
गोलिका1 (instrumental singular)
गोलिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोलिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
गोलिकायै (dative singular)
गोलिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोलिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
गोलिकायाः (ablative singular)
गोलिकायै2 (ablative singular)
गोलिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोलिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोलिकायाः (genitive singular)
गोलिकायै2 (genitive singular)
गोलिकयोः (dual genitive)
गोलिकानाम् (genitive plural)
गोलिकायाम् (locative singular)
गोलिकयोः (dual locative)
गोलिकासु (locative plural)

a small ball or globule used for playing


स्थवि

sthavi (romanization)
स्थविः (nominative singular)
स्थवी (dual nominative)
स्थवयः (nominative plural)
स्थवे (singular vocative)
स्थवी (dual vocative)
स्थवयः (plural vocative)
स्थविम् (accusative singular)
स्थवी (accusative dual)
स्थवीन् (accusative plural)
स्थविना (instrumental singular)
स्थव्या1 (instrumental singular)
स्थविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थविभिः (instrumental plural)
स्थवये (dative singular)
स्थविभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थविभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थवेः (ablative singular)
स्थव्यः1 (ablative singular)
स्थविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थविभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थवेः (genitive singular)
स्थव्यः1 (genitive singular)
स्थव्योः (dual genitive)
स्थवीनाम् (genitive plural)
स्थवौ (locative singular)
स्थवा1 (locative singular)
स्थव्योः (dual locative)
स्थविषु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰɐ.ʋi/

The origin is unknown. Perhaps connected to स्थिवि (sthivi, “(prob.) a bushel or ear or grain”).


व्यङ्ग्य

that which is manifested or indicated or made perceptible


नह्

Of uncertain origin. A connection to Latin nōdus (“knot”) and Old Irish nascim (“to bind”) is semantically appealing, though formal analysis is difficult due to semantic contamination from similar-sounding roots, such as nectere for Latin and ग्रन्थ् (granth) / बन्ध् (bandh) for Sanskrit.


शोण

śoṇa (romanization)
शोणः (nominative singular)
शोणौ (dual nominative)
शोणा1 (dual nominative)
शोणाः (nominative plural)
शोणासः1 (nominative plural)
शोण (singular vocative)
शोणौ (dual vocative)
शोणा1 (dual vocative)
शोणाः (plural vocative)
शोणासः1 (plural vocative)
शोणम् (accusative singular)
शोणौ (accusative dual)
शोणा1 (accusative dual)
शोणान् (accusative plural)
शोणेन (instrumental singular)
शोणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शोणैः (instrumental plural)
शोणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शोणाय (dative singular)
शोणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शोणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शोणात् (ablative singular)
शोणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शोणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शोणस्य (genitive singular)
शोणयोः (dual genitive)
शोणानाम् (genitive plural)
शोणे (locative singular)
शोणयोः (dual locative)
शोणेषु (locative plural)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱów-no- (“luminous; vibrant”), perhaps an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”), and related to शुच् (śuc, “to shine”), शुध् (śudh, “to purify”), and शुभ् (śubh, “to beautify”); outside of Indic, compare perhaps Welsh cun (“lovely”), Russian суни́ка (suníka, “wild strawberry”).


स्तोक

stoká (romanization)
स्तोकः (nominative singular)
स्तोकौ (dual nominative)
स्तोका1 (dual nominative)
स्तोकाः (nominative plural)
स्तोकासः1 (nominative plural)
स्तोक (singular vocative)
स्तोकौ (dual vocative)
स्तोका1 (dual vocative)
स्तोकाः (plural vocative)
स्तोकासः1 (plural vocative)
स्तोकम् (accusative singular)
स्तोकौ (accusative dual)
स्तोका1 (accusative dual)
स्तोकान् (accusative plural)
स्तोकेन (instrumental singular)
स्तोकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तोकैः (instrumental plural)
स्तोकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्तोकाय (dative singular)
स्तोकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तोकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तोकात् (ablative singular)
स्तोकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तोकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तोकस्य (genitive singular)
स्तोकयोः (dual genitive)
स्तोकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्तोके (locative singular)
स्तोकयोः (dual locative)
स्तोकेषु (locative plural)

A metathesis of unattested *स्कोत (skota), from the root श्चुत् (ścut, “to ooze, sprinkle”).


खडक

khaḍaka (romanization)
खडकम् (nominative singular)
खडके (dual nominative)
खडकानि (nominative plural)
खडका1 (nominative plural)
खडक (singular vocative)
खडके (dual vocative)
खडकानि (plural vocative)
खडका1 (plural vocative)
खडकम् (accusative singular)
खडके (accusative dual)
खडकानि (accusative plural)
खडका1 (accusative plural)
खडकेन (instrumental singular)
खडकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खडकैः (instrumental plural)
खडकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खडकाय (dative singular)
खडकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खडकेभ्यः (dative plural)
खडकात् (ablative singular)
खडकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खडकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खडकस्य (genitive singular)
खडकयोः (dual genitive)
खडकानाम् (genitive plural)
खडके (locative singular)
खडकयोः (dual locative)
खडकेषु (locative plural)

Central:

Hindustani: khaṛā

Devanagari script: खड़ा

Arabic script: کھَڑا

→ Nepali: खडा (khaḍā)

Eastern:

Bengali: খাড়া (khaṛa)

Odia: ଖାଡ଼ା (khāṛā)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: खड़ो (khaṛo)

Pangwali: खड़ा (khaṛā)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: khaṛā

Gurmukhi script: ਖੜਾ

Shahmukhi script: کھَڑا

Sindhi: khaṛo

Arabic script: کَڙو

Devanagari script: खड़ो

Southern:

Marathi: खडा (khaḍā)

Western:

Gujarati: ખડું (khaḍũ)

Marwari: खड़ो (khaṛo)

/ˈkʰɐ.ɖɐ.kɐ/

Of uncertain origin. Turner connects the word with खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”).


खदिर

khadira (romanization)
खदिरः (nominative singular)
खदिरौ (dual nominative)
खदिरा1 (dual nominative)
खदिराः (nominative plural)
खदिरासः1 (nominative plural)
खदिर (singular vocative)
खदिरौ (dual vocative)
खदिरा1 (dual vocative)
खदिराः (plural vocative)
खदिरासः1 (plural vocative)
खदिरम् (accusative singular)
खदिरौ (accusative dual)
खदिरा1 (accusative dual)
खदिरान् (accusative plural)
खदिरेण (instrumental singular)
खदिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खदिरैः (instrumental plural)
खदिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खदिराय (dative singular)
खदिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
खदिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
खदिरात् (ablative singular)
खदिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खदिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खदिरस्य (genitive singular)
खदिरयोः (dual genitive)
खदिराणाम् (genitive plural)
खदिरे (locative singular)
खदिरयोः (dual locative)
खदिरेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin.
Due to its presence in Vedic texts, an Indo-European origin has been sought; however, little has been found. खद् (khad, “to be steady, be hard”) is apparently a back-formation from खदिर (khadira), and proposed relations to खाद् (khād) are phonetically and semantically unconvincing.
Due to the plant's status as native to South and Southeast Asia, it could be a loanword from a local language, such as Dravidian or Munda.

the catechu tree, Senegalia catechu, a deciduous, thorny tree known for its hard wood and multi-purpose heartwood extract


रोटिका

roṭikā (romanization)
रोटिका (nominative singular)
रोटिके (dual nominative)
रोटिकाः (nominative plural)
रोटिके (singular vocative)
रोटिके (dual vocative)
रोटिकाः (plural vocative)
रोटिकाम् (accusative singular)
रोटिके (accusative dual)
रोटिकाः (accusative plural)
रोटिकया (instrumental singular)
रोटिका1 (instrumental singular)
रोटिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोटिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
रोटिकायै (dative singular)
रोटिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोटिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
रोटिकायाः (ablative singular)
रोटिकायै2 (ablative singular)
रोटिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोटिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोटिकायाः (genitive singular)
रोटिकायै2 (genitive singular)
रोटिकयोः (dual genitive)
रोटिकानाम् (genitive plural)
रोटिकायाम् (locative singular)
रोटिकयोः (dual locative)
रोटिकासु (locative plural)

desc

Sauraseni Prakrit: [script needed] (roṭṭa-)

Hindi: रोटी (roṭī, “roti”)

Turner connects the word to रोट् (roṭ, “to strike against”) and *रोञ्च् (roñc, “to crush, press in”) (which is not attested in Sanskrit but has descendants in Prakrit and modern Indo-Aryan, like रोंचणे (rõċṇẽ, “to force in, penetrate”)), and, along with Mayrhofer, leaves the origin of all three open.

bread; a kind of bread; wheaten cakes toasted on an earthen or iron dish


सृति

sṛti (romanization)
सृतिः (nominative singular)
सृती (dual nominative)
सृतयः (nominative plural)
सृते (singular vocative)
सृती (dual vocative)
सृतयः (plural vocative)
सृतिम् (accusative singular)
सृती (accusative dual)
सृतीः (accusative plural)
सृत्या (instrumental singular)
सृती1 (instrumental singular)
सृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
सृतये (dative singular)
सृत्यै2 (dative singular)
सृती1 (dative singular)
सृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
सृतेः (ablative singular)
सृत्याः2 (ablative singular)
सृत्यै3 (ablative singular)
सृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सृतेः (genitive singular)
सृत्याः2 (genitive singular)
सृत्यै3 (genitive singular)
सृत्योः (dual genitive)
सृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
सृतौ (locative singular)
सृत्याम्2 (locative singular)
सृता1 (locative singular)
सृत्योः (dual locative)
सृतिषु (locative plural)

Bengali: সড়ক (śoṛok)

Hindi: सड़क (saṛak)


कटाह

kaṭāha (romanization)
कटाहः (nominative singular)
कटाहौ (dual nominative)
कटाहा1 (dual nominative)
कटाहाः (nominative plural)
कटाहासः1 (nominative plural)
कटाह (singular vocative)
कटाहौ (dual vocative)
कटाहा1 (dual vocative)
कटाहाः (plural vocative)
कटाहासः1 (plural vocative)
कटाहम् (accusative singular)
कटाहौ (accusative dual)
कटाहा1 (accusative dual)
कटाहान् (accusative plural)
कटाहेन (instrumental singular)
कटाहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कटाहैः (instrumental plural)
कटाहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कटाहाय (dative singular)
कटाहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कटाहेभ्यः (dative plural)
कटाहात् (ablative singular)
कटाहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कटाहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कटाहस्य (genitive singular)
कटाहयोः (dual genitive)
कटाहानाम् (genitive plural)
कटाहे (locative singular)
कटाहयोः (dual locative)
कटाहेषु (locative plural)

The origin is unknown. Possibly related to करट (karaṭa, “an elephant's temple”); however, this is likely coincidence, as the original meaning seems to be "pan, boiler". Dravidian comparanda such as Tamil கடாரம் (kaṭāram, “cauldron”) may be borrowed from Indo-Aryan.

a boiler, caldron, saucepan (of a semi-spheroidal shape and with handles)

anything shaped like a caldron (such as the temple of an elephant)


कटाह

The origin is uncertain. Perhaps related to Etymology 1 above. Alternatively, from the same Dravidian source as खट्वा (khaṭvā, “bedstead, cot”).


कटाह

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀸𑀳 (kaḍāha)

Hindi: कड़ाही (kaṛāhī, “karahi, frying pan”)

Probably borrowed from Dravidian. Compare Tamil கடவு (kaṭavu, “male of sheep or goat”), Kannada ಕಡಸು (kaḍasu, “young cow that had not yet calved”).

cog

a young female buffalo whose horns are just appearing


विद्युल्लता

vidyullatā (romanization)
विद्युल्लता (nominative singular)
विद्युल्लते (dual nominative)
विद्युल्लताः (nominative plural)
विद्युल्लते (singular vocative)
विद्युल्लते (dual vocative)
विद्युल्लताः (plural vocative)
विद्युल्लताम् (accusative singular)
विद्युल्लते (accusative dual)
विद्युल्लताः (accusative plural)
विद्युल्लतया (instrumental singular)
विद्युल्लता1 (instrumental singular)
विद्युल्लताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विद्युल्लताभिः (instrumental plural)
विद्युल्लतायै (dative singular)
विद्युल्लताभ्याम् (dative dual)
विद्युल्लताभ्यः (dative plural)
विद्युल्लतायाः (ablative singular)
विद्युल्लतायै2 (ablative singular)
विद्युल्लताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विद्युल्लताभ्यः (ablative plural)
विद्युल्लतायाः (genitive singular)
विद्युल्लतायै2 (genitive singular)
विद्युल्लतयोः (dual genitive)
विद्युल्लतानाम् (genitive plural)
विद्युल्लतायाम् (locative singular)
विद्युल्लतयोः (dual locative)
विद्युल्लतासु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
Proto-Indo-European *lentéh₂?
Sanskrit लता (latā)
Sanskrit विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā)
From विद्युत् (vidyut, “lightning”) + लता (latā, “creeper, vine, liana”), with the shape of the lightning being compared to a creeper.