नर

nára (romanization)
नरः (nominative singular)
नरौ (dual nominative)
नरा1 (dual nominative)
नराः (nominative plural)
नरासः1 (nominative plural)
नर (singular vocative)
नरौ (dual vocative)
नरा1 (dual vocative)
नराः (plural vocative)
नरासः1 (plural vocative)
नरम् (accusative singular)
नरौ (accusative dual)
नरा1 (accusative dual)
नरान् (accusative plural)
नरेण (instrumental singular)
नराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नरैः (instrumental plural)
नरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नराय (dative singular)
नराभ्याम् (dative dual)
नरेभ्यः (dative plural)
नरात् (ablative singular)
नराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नरस्य (genitive singular)
नरयोः (dual genitive)
नराणाम् (genitive plural)
नरे (locative singular)
नरयोः (dual locative)
नरेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀭 (ṇara)

Pali: nara

→ Khmer: នរ (nɔɔ)

→ Thai: นร (nɔɔ-rá-)

→ Hindi: नर (nar)

→ Urdu: نر

→ Old Javanese: nara

→ Balinese: ᬦᬭ (nara)

→ Indonesian: nara, nara-

→ Marathi: नर (nar)

→ Kannada: ನರ (nara)

→ Telugu: నరుడు (naruḍu)

→ Malayalam: നരൻ (naraṉ)

→ Bengali: নর (nor)

Adapted to the regular a-stem declension from earlier r-stem noun नृ (nṛ́), which is inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr), Persian نر (nar), Old Armenian այր (ayr).

तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति।
उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑रि॒त्था विष्णो॑: प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्स॑:॥
tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇo: padé paramé mádhva útsa:.

Might I reach that dear cattle-pen of his, where men seeking the gods find elation, for exactly that is the bond to the wide-striding one: the wellspring of mead in the highest step of Viṣṇu.

the primeval Man or eternal Spirit pervading the universe


बाला

bālā (romanization)
बाला (nominative singular)
बाले (dual nominative)
बालाः (nominative plural)
बाले (singular vocative)
बाले (dual vocative)
बालाः (plural vocative)
बालाम् (accusative singular)
बाले (accusative dual)
बालाः (accusative plural)
बालया (instrumental singular)
बाला1 (instrumental singular)
बालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बालाभिः (instrumental plural)
बालायै (dative singular)
बालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बालाभ्यः (dative plural)
बालायाः (ablative singular)
बालायै2 (ablative singular)
बालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बालाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बालायाः (genitive singular)
बालायै2 (genitive singular)
बालयोः (dual genitive)
बालानाम् (genitive plural)
बालायाम् (locative singular)
बालयोः (dual locative)
बालासु (locative plural)

→ Old Gujarati: बाला (bālā) (learned)

→ Tamil: பாலை (pālai) (learned)

female child, girl, young woman (especially one under 16 years)


विरा

virā (romanization)
विरा (nominative singular)
विरे (dual nominative)
विराः (nominative plural)
विरे (singular vocative)
विरे (dual vocative)
विराः (plural vocative)
विराम् (accusative singular)
विरे (accusative dual)
विराः (accusative plural)
विरया (instrumental singular)
विराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विराभिः (instrumental plural)
विरायै (dative singular)
विराभ्याम् (dative dual)
विराभ्यः (dative plural)
विरायाः (ablative singular)
विराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विराभ्यः (ablative plural)
विरायाः (genitive singular)
विरयोः (dual genitive)
विराणाम् (genitive plural)
विरायाम् (locative singular)
विरयोः (dual locative)
विरासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of विरा

wife, matron (whose husband and sons are still alive)

(botany) name of various plants and drugs (Flacourtia jangomas, Ipomoea cheirophylla, Gmelina arborea etc.)


अंह्रि

aṃhri (romanization)
अंह्रिः (nominative singular)
अंह्री (dual nominative)
अंह्रयः (nominative plural)
अंह्रे (singular vocative)
अंह्री (dual vocative)
अंह्रयः (plural vocative)
अंह्रिम् (accusative singular)
अंह्री (accusative dual)
अंह्रीन् (accusative plural)
अंह्रिणा (instrumental singular)
अंह्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंह्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
अंह्रये (dative singular)
अंह्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंह्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
अंह्रेः (ablative singular)
अंह्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंह्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंह्रेः (genitive singular)
अंह्र्योः (dual genitive)
अंह्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
अंह्रौ (locative singular)
अंह्र्योः (dual locative)
अंह्रिषु (locative plural)

Masculine i-stem declension of अंह्रि

अंह्रिभ्याम्

अंह्रिभ्याम्

अंह्रिभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अंह्रिभ्याम्

अंह्रिभ्याम्

अंह्रिभ्याम्

Gujarati: એડી (eḍī)

Hindi: एड़ (eṛ)

Urdu: ایڑ (eṛ)

From अंह् (aṃh, “to go, to set out, to commence”). Related to अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, body, part”).


इदानि

idā́ni (romanization)
इदानि (nominative singular)
इदानिनी (dual nominative)
इदानीनि (nominative plural)
इदानि1 (nominative plural)
इदानी1 (nominative plural)
इदानि (singular vocative)
इदाने (singular vocative)
इदानिनी (dual vocative)
इदानीनि (plural vocative)
इदानि1 (plural vocative)
इदानी1 (plural vocative)
इदानि (accusative singular)
इदानिनी (accusative dual)
इदानीनि (accusative plural)
इदानि1 (accusative plural)
इदानी1 (accusative plural)
इदानिना (instrumental singular)
इदान्या1 (instrumental singular)
इदानिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इदानिभिः (instrumental plural)
इदानिने (dative singular)
इदानये1 (dative singular)
इदानिभ्याम् (dative dual)
इदानिभ्यः (dative plural)
इदानिनः (ablative singular)
इदानेः1 (ablative singular)
इदानिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इदानिभ्यः (ablative plural)
इदानिनः (genitive singular)
इदानेः1 (genitive singular)
इदानिनोः (dual genitive)
इदानीनाम् (genitive plural)
इदानिनि (locative singular)
इदानौ1 (locative singular)
इदाना1 (locative singular)
इदानिनोः (dual locative)
इदानिषु (locative plural)

etarhi एतर्हि

a measure of time (the fifteenth part of an etarhi)


मति

matí (romanization)
máti (romanization)
मतिः (nominative singular)
मती (dual nominative)
मतयः (nominative plural)
मते (singular vocative)
मती (dual vocative)
मतयः (plural vocative)
मतिम् (accusative singular)
मती (accusative dual)
मतीः (accusative plural)
मत्या (instrumental singular)
मती1 (instrumental singular)
मतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मतिभिः (instrumental plural)
मतये (dative singular)
मत्यै2 (dative singular)
मती1 (dative singular)
मतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मतिभ्यः (dative plural)
मतेः (ablative singular)
मत्याः2 (ablative singular)
मत्यै3 (ablative singular)
मतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मतेः (genitive singular)
मत्याः2 (genitive singular)
मत्यै3 (genitive singular)
मत्योः (dual genitive)
मतीनाम् (genitive plural)
मतौ (locative singular)
मत्याम्2 (locative singular)
मता1 (locative singular)
मत्योः (dual locative)
मतिषु (locative plural)
मतिः (nominative singular)
मती (dual nominative)
मतयः (nominative plural)
मते (singular vocative)
मती (dual vocative)
मतयः (plural vocative)
मतिम् (accusative singular)
मती (accusative dual)
मतीः (accusative plural)
मत्या (instrumental singular)
मती1 (instrumental singular)
मतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मतिभिः (instrumental plural)
मतये (dative singular)
मत्यै2 (dative singular)
मती1 (dative singular)
मतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मतिभ्यः (dative plural)
मतेः (ablative singular)
मत्याः2 (ablative singular)
मत्यै3 (ablative singular)
मतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मतेः (genitive singular)
मत्याः2 (genitive singular)
मत्यै3 (genitive singular)
मत्योः (dual genitive)
मतीनाम् (genitive plural)
मतौ (locative singular)
मत्याम्2 (locative singular)
मता1 (locative singular)
मत्योः (dual locative)
मतिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: mati
→ Thai: มติ (má-dtì)
→ Khmer: មតិ (mĕəʼteʼ)

→ Tamil: மதி (mati)

→ Telugu: మతి (mati)

→ Hindi: मति (mati) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *matíš, from Proto-Indo-European *mén-ti-s ~ *mn̥-téy-s (“thought”). Cognate with Latin mēns, Ancient Greek μᾰ́ντῐς (mắntĭs), Proto-Germanic *mundiz (whence English mind). By surface analysis, मन् (man) + -ति (-ti).

surf

thought, design, intention, resolution, determination, inclination, wish, desire

devotion, prayer, worship, hymn, sacred utterance

opinion, notion, idea, belief, conviction, view, creed

the mind, perception, understanding, intelligence, sense, judgement


रात्रि

रात्रि ॑ (canonical)
rā́tri (romanization)
रात्रिः (nominative singular)
रात्री (dual nominative)
रात्रयः (nominative plural)
रात्रे (singular vocative)
रात्री (dual vocative)
रात्रयः (plural vocative)
रात्रिम् (accusative singular)
रात्री (accusative dual)
रात्रीः (accusative plural)
रात्र्या (instrumental singular)
रात्री1 (instrumental singular)
रात्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रात्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
रात्रये (dative singular)
रात्र्यै2 (dative singular)
रात्री1 (dative singular)
रात्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
रात्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
रात्रेः (ablative singular)
रात्र्याः2 (ablative singular)
रात्र्यै3 (ablative singular)
रात्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रात्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
रात्रेः (genitive singular)
रात्र्याः2 (genitive singular)
रात्र्यै3 (genitive singular)
रात्र्योः (dual genitive)
रात्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
रात्रौ (locative singular)
रात्र्याम्2 (locative singular)
रात्रा1 (locative singular)
रात्र्योः (dual locative)
रात्रिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: رات (rat)

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: راتھ (rāth)

Devanagari script: राथ (rāth)

Sharada script: 𑆫𑆳𑆡 (rātha)

Phalura: رات (raát)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀮𑀸𑀢𑀺 (lāti)

→ Prakrit: 𑀭𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (ratti) (see there for further descendants)

Gandhari: 𐨪𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (ratri)

Pali: ratti

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: রাত্রি (ratri)

→ Hindi: रात्रि (rātri)

→ Kannada: ರಾತ್ರಿ (rātri)

→ Khmer: រាត្រី (riətrəy)

→ Malayalam: രാത്രി (rātri)

→ Marathi: रात्र (rātra)

→ Odia: ରାତ୍ରି (rātri)

desc

→ Tamil: இராத்திரி (irāttiri), ராத்திரி (rāttiri)

→ Telugu: రాత్రి (rātri)

→ Thai: ราตรี (raa-dtrii)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Indo-European *-trih₂
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HráHtriH
Sanskrit रात्री॑ (rā́trī)
Sanskrit रात्रि॑ (rā́tri)
Attested from the Middle Vedic period onwards, the term arose as a dialectal variant of an older रात्री (rā́trī). The Rigveda only attests रात्री (rā́trī) but the Vedic texts that came after the Rigveda attest both the variants. In Classical Sanskrit literature, only रात्रि (rātri) is attested and all the Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are formally descended from this variant, suggesting that the older form रात्री (rā́trī) completely fell out of use by the end of the Vedic period.
Although not common, variations of a similar nature have also been observed in नारी (nā́rī) ~ नारि (nā́ri) and नप्ती (naptī́) ~ नप्ति (naptí). The presence of such alteration in other languages (see नप्ति (napti)) suggests that such variants with shortened vowels are not completely unetymological and may have existed as dialectal variants in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. For further etymology and cognates, see रात्री (rā́trī).

etymon

रात्रि॑

यददोअदो अभ्यगछं यद्दोषा यत्पूर्वां रात्रिम् ॥
यज्जाग्रद्यत्सुप्तो यद्दिवा यन् नक्तम् ॥
यदहरहरभिगछामि तस्मादेनमव दये ॥
तं जहि तेन मन्दस्व तस्य पृष्टीरपि शृणीहि ॥
स मा जीवीत्तं प्राणो जहातु ॥
yadadoado abhyagachaṃ yaddoṣā yatpūrvāṃ rātrim.
yajjāgradyatsupto yaddivā yan naktam.
yadaharaharabhigachāmi tasmādenamava daye.
taṃ jahi tena mandasva tasya pṛṣṭīrapi śṛṇīhi.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 16.7

Whatever [enemy] I have met with, whether at dusk or during early night,
Whether waking or sleeping, whether by day or by night.
Whether I meet with it day by day, from that do I bribe him away.
Slay him; rejoice in this; crush his ribs.
Let him not live. Let the breath of life forsake him.


वायु

vāyú (romanization)
वा (root)
वायुः (nominative singular)
वायू (dual nominative)
वायवः (nominative plural)
वायो (singular vocative)
वायू (dual vocative)
वायवः (plural vocative)
वायुम् (accusative singular)
वायू (accusative dual)
वायून् (accusative plural)
वायुना (instrumental singular)
वाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वायुभिः (instrumental plural)
वायवे (dative singular)
वाय्वे1 (dative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
वायुभ्यः (dative plural)
वायोः (ablative singular)
वाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
वायोः (genitive singular)
वाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
वाय्वोः (dual genitive)
वायूनाम् (genitive plural)
वायौ (locative singular)
वाय्वोः (dual locative)
वायुषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš
Sanskrit वायु (vāyu)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁yús (“wind, air”), from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬎 (vaiiu), Lithuanian vejas.

inh

यस्य॑ वा॒योर्इव द्र॒वद्भ॒द्रा रा॒तिः स॑ह॒स्रिणी॑।
स॒द्यो दा॒नाय॒ मंह॑ते॥
yásya vāyórívá dravádbhadrā́ rātíḥ sahasríṇī.

Of whom, prompt as the wind, the liberal donation of thousands of cattle have been quickly given to me soliciting a gift.

(medicine) the windy humour or any morbid affection of it


धेनु

dhenú (romanization)
धेनुः (nominative singular)
धेनू (dual nominative)
धेनवः (nominative plural)
धेनो (singular vocative)
धेनू (dual vocative)
धेनवः (plural vocative)
धेनुम् (accusative singular)
धेनू (accusative dual)
धेनूः (accusative plural)
धेन्वा (instrumental singular)
धेनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धेनुभिः (instrumental plural)
धेनवे (dative singular)
धेन्वै1 (dative singular)
धेनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
धेनुभ्यः (dative plural)
धेनोः (ablative singular)
धेन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
धेन्वै2 (ablative singular)
धेनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धेनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
धेनोः (genitive singular)
धेन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
धेन्वै2 (genitive singular)
धेन्वोः (dual genitive)
धेनूनाम् (genitive plural)
धेनौ (locative singular)
धेन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
धेन्वोः (dual locative)
धेनुषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑁂𑀡𑀼 (dheṇu)

Pali: dhenu

→ Hindi: धेनु (dhenu)

⇒ Telugu: ధేనువు (dhēnuvu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰa(H)inúš (“milch cow”), a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, nurse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬎 (daēnu).

der

उक्षा मिमाति प्रति यन्ति धेनवो देवस्य देवीरुप यन्ति निष्कृतम् ।

The Bull is bellowing; the Cows are coming near: the Goddesses approach the God's own resting-place.

ukṣā mimāti prati yanti dhenavo devasya devīrupa yanti niṣkṛtam.

any offering or present to Brahmans instead or in the shape of a cow


सेना

sénā (romanization)
सेना (nominative singular)
सेने (dual nominative)
सेनाः (nominative plural)
सेने (singular vocative)
सेने (dual vocative)
सेनाः (plural vocative)
सेनाम् (accusative singular)
सेने (accusative dual)
सेनाः (accusative plural)
सेनया (instrumental singular)
सेना1 (instrumental singular)
सेनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सेनाभिः (instrumental plural)
सेनायै (dative singular)
सेनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सेनाभ्यः (dative plural)
सेनायाः (ablative singular)
सेनायै2 (ablative singular)
सेनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सेनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
सेनायाः (genitive singular)
सेनायै2 (genitive singular)
सेनयोः (dual genitive)
सेनानाम् (genitive plural)
सेनायाम् (locative singular)
सेनयोः (dual locative)
सेनासु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀸 (seṇā)

Pali: senā

→ Hindi: सेना (senā)

→ Bengali: সেনা (śena)

→ Marathi: सेना (senā)

→ Kannada: ಸೇನೆ (sēne)

→ Malayalam: സേന (sēna)

→ Indonesian: sena

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੈਨਾ (sainā)

Shahmukhi script: سينا (sainā)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑁂𑀷𑁃 (cēṉai)

Tamil: சேனை (cēṉai)

/ˈs̪eː.n̪ɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáynaH (“army”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (haēnā, “hostile army”), Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎴𐎠 (h-i-n-a /hainā/, “hostile army”).

cog

मृळा जरित्रे रुद्र स्तवानोऽन्यं ते अस्मन्नि वपन्तु सेनाः ॥

O exalted Rudra, be gracious to the singer of thy hymns; let thy armies spare us and smite down someone else.

mṛḷā jaritre rudra stavānoʼnyaṃ te asmanni vapantu senāḥ.

an army, armament, battle-array, armed force

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa

name of Indra's wife (or his thunderbolt so personified)

any drilled troop or band or body of men (Bālar.)

a kind of title or addition to the names of persons (also names of courtezans) (Sāh.; compare Pāṇ. 4-1, 152 etc.)

कुबेरसेना कुबेरसेना#Sanskrit

name of a courtesan (abridged from कुबेरसेना (kubera-senā)) (HPariś.)


देवी

devī́ (romanization)
देवी (nominative singular)
देव्यौ (dual nominative)
देवी1 (dual nominative)
देव्यः (nominative plural)
देवीः1 (nominative plural)
देवि (singular vocative)
देव्यौ (dual vocative)
देवी1 (dual vocative)
देव्यः (plural vocative)
देवीः1 (plural vocative)
देवीम् (accusative singular)
देव्यौ (accusative dual)
देवी1 (accusative dual)
देवीः (accusative plural)
देव्या (instrumental singular)
देवीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवीभिः (instrumental plural)
देव्यै (dative singular)
देवीभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवीभ्यः (dative plural)
देव्याः (ablative singular)
देव्यै2 (ablative singular)
देवीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवीभ्यः (ablative plural)
देव्याः (genitive singular)
देव्यै2 (genitive singular)
देव्योः (dual genitive)
देवीनाम् (genitive plural)
देव्याम् (locative singular)
देव्योः (dual locative)
देवीषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀻 (devī)

Prakrit: 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀻 (devī)

→ Assamese: দেৱী (dewi)

→ Bengali: দেবী (debi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देवी (devī)

Urdu: دیوی (devī)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘟𑘹𑘪𑘲 (devī)

Marathi: देवी (devī)

→ Nepali: देवी (devī)

desctree

Pali: devī
→ Burmese: ဒေဝီ (dewi) (learned)
→ Khmer: ទេពី (teipii), ទេវី (teivii) (learned)
→ Lao: ເທວີ (thē wī) (learned)
→ Thai: เทวี (tee-wii) (learned)

→ English: Devi

→ Kannada: ದೇವಿ (dēvi)

→ Malay:

Latin script: dewi

Malay: ديوي

→ Telugu: దేవి (dēvi)

From Proto-Indo-European *déywih₂ (“goddess”). Equivalent to देव (deva) + -ई (-ī). Cognate with Lithuanian deivė, Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬍 (daēuuī, “female Daeva”).

प्रा॒तर् दे॒वीम् अदि॑तिं जोहवीमि म॒ध्यंदि॑न॒ उदि॑ता॒ सूर्य॑स्य।
रा॒ये मि॑त्रावरुणा स॒र्वता॒तेळे॑ तो॒काय॒ तन॑याय॒ शं योः॥
prātár devī́m áditiṃ johavīmi madhyáṃdina úditā sū́ryasya.
rāyé mitrāvaruṇā sarvátātéḷe tokā́ya tánayāya śáṃ yóḥ.

I invoke the goddess Aditi at dawn, and at mid-day, and when the sun is setting; I worship you, Mitra and Varuṇa, at all seasons, for the sake of riches, for sons and grandsons, for prosperity and happiness.


वधू

vadhū́ (romanization)
वधूः (nominative singular)
वध्वौ (dual nominative)
वधू1 (dual nominative)
वध्वः (nominative plural)
वधूः1 (nominative plural)
वधु (singular vocative)
वध्वौ (dual vocative)
वधू1 (dual vocative)
वध्वः (plural vocative)
वधूः1 (plural vocative)
वधूम् (accusative singular)
वध्वौ (accusative dual)
वधू1 (accusative dual)
वधूः (accusative plural)
वध्वा (instrumental singular)
वधूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वधूभिः (instrumental plural)
वध्वै (dative singular)
वधूभ्याम् (dative dual)
वधूभ्यः (dative plural)
वध्वाः (ablative singular)
वध्वै2 (ablative singular)
वधूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वधूभ्यः (ablative plural)
वध्वाः (genitive singular)
वध्वै2 (genitive singular)
वध्वोः (dual genitive)
वधूनाम् (genitive plural)
वध्वाम् (locative singular)
वध्वोः (dual locative)
वधूषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀳𑀽 (vahū)

Pali: vadhū

desc

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀳𑀽 (vahū), 𑀯𑀥𑀽 (vadhū)

Hindustani:

Hindi: बहू (bahū)
→ English: bahu

Urdu: بہو (bahū)

→ Kannada: ವಧು (vadhu)

⇒ Telugu: వధువు (vadhuvu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wadʰúHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wadʰúHs, from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ-úHs, from *wedʰ- (“to bind, lead”).

a bride or newly-married woman, young wife, spouse or any wife or woman

the female of any animal, especially a cow or mare


तनू

tanū́ (romanization)
tánū (romanization)
तनूः (nominative singular)
तनू (dual nominative)
तन्वा (dual nominative)
तनुवौ (dual nominative)
तन्वौ (dual nominative)
तन्वः (nominative plural)
तनुवः (nominative plural)
तनु (singular vocative)
तन्वौ (dual vocative)
तनू1 (dual vocative)
तन्वः (plural vocative)
तनूः1 (plural vocative)
तन्वम् (accusative singular)
तनुवम् (accusative singular)
तन्वौ (accusative dual)
तनू1 (accusative dual)
तन्वः (accusative plural)
तनुवा (instrumental singular)
तनूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनूभिः (instrumental plural)
तन्वै (dative singular)
तनूभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनूभ्यः (dative plural)
तन्वः (ablative singular)
तनूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनूभ्यः (ablative plural)
तन्वः (genitive singular)
तन्वोः (dual genitive)
तनूनाम् (genitive plural)
तन्वि (locative singular)
तन्वी (locative singular)
तन्वाम् (locative singular)
तन्वोः (dual locative)
तनूषु (locative plural)

Pali: tanu

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡𑀽 (taṇū)
Marathi: तन (tan)
Hindustani:
Hindi: तन (tan)
Urdu: تن (tan)
Punjabi: ਤੰਨ (tanna)

→ Kannada: ತನುವು (tanuvu)

→ Telugu: తనువు (tanuvu)

→ Thai: ตนุ

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tanúHs (“body, self”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenuh₂- (“body”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬎 (tanu, “body, self”), Old Persian 𐎫𐎵𐎢𐏁 (t-nu-u-š /tanūš/). The reflexive use is an Indo-Iranian innovation.

inh

अप॑श्यं त्वा॒ मन॑सा॒ दीध्या॑नां॒ स्वायां॑ त॒नू ऋत्व्ये॒ नाध॑मानां ।
उप॒ मामु॒च्चा यु॑व॒तिर्ब॑भूयाः॒ प्र जा॑यस्व प्र॒जया॑ पुत्रकामे ॥
ápaśyaṃ tvā mánasā dī́dhyānāṃ svā́yāṃ tanū́ ṛ́tvye nā́dhamānāṃ.

I saw thee pondering in thine heart, and praying that in due time thy body might be fruitful.
Come as a youthful woman, rise to meet me: spread in thine offspring, thou who cravest children.

úpa mā́muccā́ yuvatírbabhūyāḥ prá jāyasva prajáyā putrakāme.

person, self (often used like a reflexive noun)


श्वश्रू

sa-noun

श्वश्रू • (śvaśrū́) stem, f

śvaśrū́ (romanization)
श्वश्रूः (nominative singular)
श्वश्र्वौ (dual nominative)
श्वश्रू1 (dual nominative)
श्वश्र्वः (nominative plural)
श्वश्रूः1 (nominative plural)
श्वश्रु (singular vocative)
श्वश्र्वौ (dual vocative)
श्वश्रू1 (dual vocative)
श्वश्र्वः (plural vocative)
श्वश्रूः1 (plural vocative)
श्वश्रूम् (accusative singular)
श्वश्र्वौ (accusative dual)
श्वश्रू1 (accusative dual)
श्वश्रूः (accusative plural)
श्वश्र्वा (instrumental singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वश्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वश्र्वै (dative singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वश्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वश्र्वाः (ablative singular)
श्वश्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
श्वश्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वश्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वश्र्वाः (genitive singular)
श्वश्र्वै2 (genitive singular)
श्वश्र्वोः (dual genitive)
श्वश्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
श्वश्र्वाम् (locative singular)
श्वश्र्वोः (dual locative)
श्वश्रूषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: isprés

Kashmiri: ہَش (haś)

Khowar: اِشپرےشى (išpréši)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: শাশু (śaśu)

Assamese: শাহু (xahu)

Bengali: শাশুড়ি (śaśuṛi)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀽 (sāsū)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: सासु (sāsu)
Modi script: 𑘭𑘰𑘭𑘳 (sāsu)
Marathi: सासू (sāsū)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਸ (sassa)

Shahmukhi script: سَسّ (sass)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: سَسُ

Devanagari script: ससु

Pali: sassū

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀏 (sāsue)

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: સાસુ (sāsu)

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सास (sās)

Urdu: ساس (sās)

Romani: sasuj

→ Bengali: শ্বশ্রূ (śśosru)

→ Telugu: శ్వశ్రువు (śvaśruvu)

→ Tamil: ஶ்வஶ்ரூ (śvaśrū) (learned)

desc

→ Odia: ଶ୍ବଶ୍ରୁ (śbaśru), ଶାଶୁ (śāśu)

→ Odia: ଶ୍ବଶ୍ରୁ (śbaśru), ଶାଶୁ (śāśu)

→ Malayalam: ശ്വശ്രു (śvaśru)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swaćrúH, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂ (“mother-in-law”). Cognate with Latin socrus, Old Armenian սկեսուր (skesur), Ancient Greek ἑκυρά (hekurá).

द्वेष्टि॑ श्व॒श्रूर् अप॑ जा॒या रु॑णद्धि॒ न ना॑थि॒तो वि॑न्दते मर्डि॒तार॑म् ।
अश्व॑स्येव॒ जर॑तो॒ वस्न्य॑स्य॒ नाहं वि॑न्दामि कित॒वस्य॒ भोग॑म् ॥
dvéṣṭi śvaśrū́r ápa jāyā́ ruṇaddhi ná nāthitó vindate marḍitā́ram.

[Due to my gambling addiction,] My wife holds me aloof; my mother-in-law hates me: the wretched man finds none to give him comfort.
My gambling habit is like a costly horse grown old and feeble: I find no profit in it.

áśvasyeva járato vásnyasya nā́háṃ vindāmi kitavásya bhógam.

a mother-in-law (either the wife's or the husband's mother)


पाप

pāpá (romanization)
पापः (nominative singular)
पापौ (dual nominative)
पापा1 (dual nominative)
पापाः (nominative plural)
पापासः1 (nominative plural)
पाप (singular vocative)
पापौ (dual vocative)
पापा1 (dual vocative)
पापाः (plural vocative)
पापासः1 (plural vocative)
पापम् (accusative singular)
पापौ (accusative dual)
पापा1 (accusative dual)
पापान् (accusative plural)
पापेन (instrumental singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापैः (instrumental plural)
पापेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पापाय (dative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापेभ्यः (dative plural)
पापात् (ablative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पापस्य (genitive singular)
पापयोः (dual genitive)
पापानाम् (genitive plural)
पापे (locative singular)
पापयोः (dual locative)
पापेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pāpás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬞𐬀 (pāpa).

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


पाप

pāpá (romanization)
पापम् (nominative singular)
पापे (dual nominative)
पापानि (nominative plural)
पापा1 (nominative plural)
पाप (singular vocative)
पापे (dual vocative)
पापानि (plural vocative)
पापा1 (plural vocative)
पापम् (accusative singular)
पापे (accusative dual)
पापानि (accusative plural)
पापा1 (accusative plural)
पापेन (instrumental singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पापैः (instrumental plural)
पापेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पापाय (dative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पापेभ्यः (dative plural)
पापात् (ablative singular)
पापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पापस्य (genitive singular)
पापयोः (dual genitive)
पापानाम् (genitive plural)
पापे (locative singular)
पापयोः (dual locative)
पापेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀬 (pāya)

Pali: pāpa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀯 (pāva)

Old Gujarati: पाव (pāv)

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

evil, misfortune, ill-luck, trouble, mischief, harm

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


ननान्दृ

nánāndṛ (romanization)
ननान्दा (nominative singular)
ननान्दरौ (dual nominative)
ननान्दरा1 (dual nominative)
ननान्दरः (nominative plural)
ननान्दः (singular vocative)
ननान्दरौ (dual vocative)
ननान्दरा1 (dual vocative)
ननान्दरः (plural vocative)
ननान्दरम् (accusative singular)
ननान्दरौ (accusative dual)
ननान्दरा1 (accusative dual)
ननान्दॄः (accusative plural)
ननान्द्रा (instrumental singular)
ननान्दृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ननान्दृभिः (instrumental plural)
ननान्द्रे (dative singular)
ननान्दृभ्याम् (dative dual)
ननान्दृभ्यः (dative plural)
ननान्दुः (ablative singular)
ननान्दृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ननान्दृभ्यः (ablative plural)
ननान्दुः (genitive singular)
ननान्द्रोः (dual genitive)
ननान्दॄणाम् (genitive plural)
ननान्दरि (locative singular)
ननान्द्रोः (dual locative)
ननान्दृषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇaṇaṃdā)

Marathi: नणंद (naṇanda)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਨਨਾਣ (nanāṇ)

Pali: nanandar

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀡𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇaṇaṃdā)

Gujarati: નણંદ (naṇand)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ननद (nanad)

Urdu: نَنْد (nand) / نَنَنْد (nanand) (dated)

Nepali: नन्द (nanda)

Sindhi: نِڻُن / निणुन

Bengali: ননদ (nonod)

Assamese: ননন্দ (nonondo)

Sinhalese: නෑනා (nǣnā)

/n̪ɐˈn̪ɑːn̪.d̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *nánāndā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nánāndā.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


नृ

nṛ́ (romanization)
ना (nominative singular)
नरौ (dual nominative)
नरा1 (dual nominative)
नरः (nominative plural)
नारः (nominative plural)
नः (singular vocative)
नरौ (dual vocative)
नरा1 (dual vocative)
नरः (plural vocative)
नारः (plural vocative)
नरम् (accusative singular)
नरौ (accusative dual)
नरा1 (accusative dual)
नॄन् (accusative plural)
नरा (instrumental singular)
नृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नृभिः (instrumental plural)
नरे (dative singular)
नृभ्याम् (dative dual)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नृभ्यः (dative plural)
नरः (ablative singular)
नृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नरः (genitive singular)
नरोः (dual genitive)
नराम् (genitive plural)
नरअम् (genitive plural)
नृणाम् (genitive plural)
नॄणाम् (genitive plural)
नरि (locative singular)
नरोः (dual locative)
नृषु (locative plural)
नृषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

This term displays a wide variety of anomalous/archaic forms including:
Inst.sg. नरा (nárā) for expected *न्रा (*nrā́)
Dat.sg. नरे (náre) for expected *न्रे (*nré).
Abl/gen.sg. नरः (náraḥ) for expected *नुः (*núḥ)
Archaic Vedic gen.pl. नराम् (narā́m), often distracted to naráam
Vedic gen.pl. spelling नृणाम् (nṛṇā́m) often scanned as नॄणाम् (nṝṇā́m)
Oxytonic inst.pl. नृभिः (nṛbhíḥ), dat/abl.pl. नृभ्यः (nṛbhyáḥ), loc.pl. नृषु (nṛṣú)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“man”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬭 (nar), Old Armenian այր (ayr), Ancient Greek ἀνήρ (anḗr), Persian نر (nar).

इन्द्रा॑ ह॒ रत्नं॒ वरु॑णा॒ धेष्ठे॒त्था नृभ्य॑: शशमा॒नेभ्य॒स्ता।
यदी॒ सखा॑या स॒ख्याय॒ सोमै॑: सु॒तेभि॑: सुप्र॒यसा॑ मा॒दयै॑ते॥
índrā ha rátnaṃ váruṇā dhéṣṭhetthā́ nṛ́bhya: śaśamānébhyastā́.
yádī sákhāyā sakhyā́ya sómai: sutébhi: suprayásā mādáyaite.

Indra and Varuṇa are most liberal givers of treasure to the men who toil to serve them, when they, as Friends inclined to friendship, honoured with dainty food, delight in flowing Soma.


स्तृ

stṛ́ (romanization)
स्ता (nominative singular)
स्तारौ (dual nominative)
स्तारा1 (dual nominative)
स्तारः (nominative plural)
स्तः (singular vocative)
स्तारौ (dual vocative)
स्तारा1 (dual vocative)
स्तारः (plural vocative)
स्तारम् (accusative singular)
स्तारौ (accusative dual)
स्तारा1 (accusative dual)
स्तॄन् (accusative plural)
स्त्रा (instrumental singular)
स्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
स्त्रे (dative singular)
स्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तुः (ablative singular)
स्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तुः (genitive singular)
स्त्रोः (dual genitive)
स्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
स्तरि (locative singular)
स्त्रोः (dual locative)
स्तृषु (locative plural)

Khowar: استاری (istári)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstā́ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭 (star), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old English steorra (English star).

जुष्टतमासो नृतमासो अञ्जिभिर्व्यानज्रे के चिदुस्रा इव स्तृभिः ॥

They have displayed themselves with glittering ornaments, a few in number only, like the heavens with stars.

juṣṭatamāso nṛtamāso añjibhirvyānajre ke cidusrā iva stṛbhiḥ.


उसृ

usṛ́ (romanization)
उषा (nominative singular)
उषरौ (dual nominative)
उषरा1 (dual nominative)
उषरः (nominative plural)
उषः (singular vocative)
उषरौ (dual vocative)
उषरा1 (dual vocative)
उषरः (plural vocative)
उषरम् (accusative singular)
उषरौ (accusative dual)
उषरा1 (accusative dual)
उस्रः (accusative plural)
उस्रा (instrumental singular)
उसृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उसृभिः (instrumental plural)
उस्रे (dative singular)
उसृभ्याम् (dative dual)
उसृभ्यः (dative plural)
उस्रः (ablative singular)
उसृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उसृभ्यः (ablative plural)
उस्रः (genitive singular)
उस्रोः (dual genitive)
उसॄणाम् (genitive plural)
उस्राम् (locative singular)
उस्रोः (dual locative)
उसृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *aws- (“to shine”) (< *h₂ews-), from a stem *awes- (*h₂éwes-). Compare Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs) (< *āusōs), Latin aurōra (< *ausōsā. See also उषस् (uṣás).


नप्तृ

sa-noun

नप्तृ॑ • (náptṛ) stem, m (feminine नप्त्री)

नप्तृ ॑ (canonical)
náptṛ (romanization)
नप्त्री (feminine)
नप्ता (nominative singular)
नप्तारौ (dual nominative)
नप्तारा1 (dual nominative)
नप्तारः (nominative plural)
नप्तः (singular vocative)
नप्तारौ (dual vocative)
नप्तारा1 (dual vocative)
नप्तारः (plural vocative)
नप्तारम् (accusative singular)
नप्तारौ (accusative dual)
नप्तारा1 (accusative dual)
नप्तॄन् (accusative plural)
नप्त्रा (instrumental singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नप्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
नप्त्रे (dative singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
नप्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
नप्तुः (ablative singular)
नप्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नप्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
नप्तुः (genitive singular)
नप्त्रोः (dual genitive)
नप्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
नप्तरि (locative singular)
नप्त्रोः (dual locative)
नप्तृषु (locative plural)

q

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">-𑀓-</i> (-ka-)

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (ṇattia), 𑀡𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀅 (ṇattua) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *népōts
Proto-Indo-Iranian *nápāts
Sanskrit नपा॑त् (nápāt)
Sanskrit नप्तृ॑ (náptṛ)
From नपा॑त् (nápāt). Influenced by other kinship terms ending in -तृ (-tṛ); compare मातृ (mātṛ), पितृ (pitṛ), भ्रातृ (bhrātṛ), दुहितृ (duhitṛ), etc.

etymon

नप्तृ॑


प्रबुध्

prabúdh (romanization)
प्रभुत् (nominative singular)
प्रबुधौ (dual nominative)
प्रबुधा1 (dual nominative)
प्रबुधः (nominative plural)
प्रभुत् (singular vocative)
प्रबुधौ (dual vocative)
प्रबुधा1 (dual vocative)
प्रबुधः (plural vocative)
प्रबुधम् (accusative singular)
प्रबुधौ (accusative dual)
प्रबुधा1 (accusative dual)
प्रबुधः (accusative plural)
प्रबुधा (instrumental singular)
प्रभुद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रभुद्भिः (instrumental plural)
प्रबुधे (dative singular)
प्रभुद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रभुद्भ्यः (dative plural)
प्रबुधः (ablative singular)
प्रभुद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रभुद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रबुधः (genitive singular)
प्रबुधोः (dual genitive)
प्रबुधाम् (genitive plural)
प्रबुधि (locative singular)
प्रबुधोः (dual locative)
प्रभुत्सु (locative plural)


दम्पति

dámpati (romanization)
दम्पतिः (nominative singular)
दम्पती (dual nominative)
दम्पतयः (nominative plural)
दम्पते (singular vocative)
दम्पती (dual vocative)
दम्पतयः (plural vocative)
दम्पतिम् (accusative singular)
दम्पती (accusative dual)
दम्पतीन् (accusative plural)
दम्पतिना (instrumental singular)
दम्पत्या1 (instrumental singular)
दम्पतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दम्पतिभिः (instrumental plural)
दम्पतये (dative singular)
दम्पतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दम्पतिभ्यः (dative plural)
दम्पतेः (ablative singular)
दम्पत्यः1 (ablative singular)
दम्पतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दम्पतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दम्पतेः (genitive singular)
दम्पत्यः1 (genitive singular)
दम्पत्योः (dual genitive)
दम्पतीनाम् (genitive plural)
दम्पतौ (locative singular)
दम्पता1 (locative singular)
दम्पत्योः (dual locative)
दम्पतिषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: दंपति (dampti)

→ Old Javanese: dampatī

→ Malayalam: ദമ്പതി (dampati)

→ Punjabi: ਦੰਪਤੀ (dampatī)

→ Tamil: தம்பதி (tampati)

→ Telugu: దంపతులు (dampatulu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáms-patiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáms-patiš, from Proto-Indo-European *déms pótis (“master of the house”), from *dṓm (“house”) (whence दम (dáma, “house, home”)) + *pótis (“master”) (whence पति (páti, “lord, master; husband”)). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεσπότης (despótēs, “lord, master”), whence English despot.

cog

ubʰā́ rajī́ ná keśínā pátir dán

(please add the primary text of this usage example)


सखि

sákhi (romanization)
सखी (feminine)
सखा (nominative singular)
सखायौ (dual nominative)
सखायः (nominative plural)
सखे (singular vocative)
सखायौ (dual vocative)
सखायः (plural vocative)
सखायम् (accusative singular)
सखायौ (accusative dual)
सखीन् (accusative plural)
सख्या (instrumental singular)
सखिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सखिभिः (instrumental plural)
सख्ये (dative singular)
सखिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सखिभ्यः (dative plural)
सख्युः (ablative singular)
सखिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सखिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सख्युः (genitive singular)
सख्योः (dual genitive)
सखीनाम् (genitive plural)
सख्यौ (locative singular)
सख्योः (dual locative)
सखिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (“friend, companion”), from *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬑𐬌 (haxi, “friend”), Latin socius (“partner, companion”), Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“warrior, retainer”), Old English secg (“man, warrior, hero”).

cog

वयं ते अस्यामिन्द्र द्युम्नहूतौ सखायः स्याम महिन प्रेष्ठाः ।

O Indra, at this holy invocation, may we be thy friends and thy most beloved.

vayaṃ te asyāmindra dyumnahūtau sakhāyaḥ syāma mahina preṣṭhāḥ.

the husband of the wife's sister, brother-in-law


वेद

véda (romanization)
वेदः (nominative singular)
वेदौ (dual nominative)
वेदा1 (dual nominative)
वेदाः (nominative plural)
वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
वेद (singular vocative)
वेदौ (dual vocative)
वेदा1 (dual vocative)
वेदाः (plural vocative)
वेदासः1 (plural vocative)
वेदम् (accusative singular)
वेदौ (accusative dual)
वेदा1 (accusative dual)
वेदान् (accusative plural)
वेदेन (instrumental singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेदैः (instrumental plural)
वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेदाय (dative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
वेदात् (ablative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेदस्य (genitive singular)
वेदयोः (dual genitive)
वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
वेदे (locative singular)
वेदयोः (dual locative)
वेदेषु (locative plural)

Pali: veda
→ Burmese: ဗေဒ (beda.)

→ Dutch: Veda

→ English: Veda

→ Hindi: वेद (ved) (learned)

→ Indonesian: Weda (learned)

→ Khmer: វេទ (veit)

→ Lao: ເວດ (wēt)

→ Malay: Weda (learned)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵੇਦ (ved)

Shahmukhi script: وید (ved)

→ Portuguese: Veda

→ Russian: ве́да (véda)

→ Tamil: வேதம் (vētam)

→ Telugu: వేదము (vēdamu)

→ Thai: เวท (wêet)

→ Ukrainian: ве́да (véda)

From the root विद् (vid), lemma वेत्ति (vetti, “to know, understand”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *weyd-.

यः स॒मिधा॒ य आहु॑ती॒ यो वेदे॑न द॒दाश॒ मर्तो॑ अ॒ग्नये॑।
यो नम॑सा स्वध्व॒रः॥
yáḥ samídhā yá ā́hutī yó védena dadā́śa márto agnáye.

The mortal who hath ministered to Agni with oblation, fuel, ritual lore,
And reverence, skilled in sacrifice.

knowledge, true or sacred knowledge or lore, knowledge of ritual

वृत्त वृत्त#Sanskrit

वित्त वित्त#Sanskrit


वेद

veda (romanization)
वेदः (nominative singular)
वेदौ (dual nominative)
वेदा1 (dual nominative)
वेदाः (nominative plural)
वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
वेद (singular vocative)
वेदौ (dual vocative)
वेदा1 (dual vocative)
वेदाः (plural vocative)
वेदासः1 (plural vocative)
वेदम् (accusative singular)
वेदौ (accusative dual)
वेदा1 (accusative dual)
वेदान् (accusative plural)
वेदेन (instrumental singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेदैः (instrumental plural)
वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेदाय (dative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
वेदात् (ablative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेदस्य (genitive singular)
वेदयोः (dual genitive)
वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
वेदे (locative singular)
वेदयोः (dual locative)
वेदेषु (locative plural)

सुवेद (su-veda)


वेद

vedá (romanization)
वेदः (nominative singular)
वेदौ (dual nominative)
वेदा1 (dual nominative)
वेदाः (nominative plural)
वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
वेद (singular vocative)
वेदौ (dual vocative)
वेदा1 (dual vocative)
वेदाः (plural vocative)
वेदासः1 (plural vocative)
वेदम् (accusative singular)
वेदौ (accusative dual)
वेदा1 (accusative dual)
वेदान् (accusative plural)
वेदेन (instrumental singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेदैः (instrumental plural)
वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेदाय (dative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
वेदात् (ablative singular)
वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेदस्य (genitive singular)
वेदयोः (dual genitive)
वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
वेदे (locative singular)
वेदयोः (dual locative)
वेदेषु (locative plural)

Perhaps connected with √वे (√ve, “to weave or bind together”).

मुञ्ज मुञ्ज#Sanskrit

a tuft or bunch of strong grass (कुश (kuśa) or मुञ्ज (muñja)) made into a broom (and used for sweeping, making up the sacrificial fire etc., in rites)


शर्करा

śárkarā (romanization)
शर्करा (nominative singular)
शर्करे (dual nominative)
शर्कराः (nominative plural)
शर्करे (singular vocative)
शर्करे (dual vocative)
शर्कराः (plural vocative)
शर्कराम् (accusative singular)
शर्करे (accusative dual)
शर्कराः (accusative plural)
शर्करया (instrumental singular)
शर्करा1 (instrumental singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शर्कराभिः (instrumental plural)
शर्करायै (dative singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शर्कराभ्यः (dative plural)
शर्करायाः (ablative singular)
शर्करायै2 (ablative singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शर्कराभ्यः (ablative plural)
शर्करायाः (genitive singular)
शर्करायै2 (genitive singular)
शर्करयोः (dual genitive)
शर्कराणाम् (genitive plural)
शर्करायाम् (locative singular)
शर्करयोः (dual locative)
शर्करासु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara) (see there for further descendants)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: sakkharā (see there for further descendants)

/ɕɐ́ɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/

/ˈɕɐɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”), whence English crocodile.

inh

gravel, grit, pebbles, shingle, gravelly mould or soil (mostly plural)

a fragment or piece of broken earthenware, potsherd


भग

bhága (romanization)
भगः (nominative singular)
भगौ (dual nominative)
भगा1 (dual nominative)
भगाः (nominative plural)
भगासः1 (nominative plural)
भग (singular vocative)
भगौ (dual vocative)
भगा1 (dual vocative)
भगाः (plural vocative)
भगासः1 (plural vocative)
भगम् (accusative singular)
भगौ (accusative dual)
भगा1 (accusative dual)
भगान् (accusative plural)
भगेन (instrumental singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भगैः (instrumental plural)
भगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भगाय (dative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भगेभ्यः (dative plural)
भगात् (ablative singular)
भगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भगस्य (genitive singular)
भगयोः (dual genitive)
भगानाम् (genitive plural)
भगे (locative singular)
भगयोः (dual locative)
भगेषु (locative plural)

→ English: Bhaga

→ Hindi: भग (bhag)

Pali: bhaga

→ Tamil: பகன் (pakaṉ)

→ Telugu: భగము (bhagamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás
Sanskrit भग (bhaga)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”) Old Persian 𐎲𐎥 (baga, “god”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *bogъ, an Iranian borrowing. The Sanskrit root is भज् (bhaj).

etymon

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रमदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Bhaga, one of the Adityas, a god of wealth and marriage in Hinduism. In the Rigveda Bhaga is the god who supervises the distribution of goods and destiny to each man corresponding to his merits.

"dispenser", gracious lord, patron (applied to gods, especially to Savitṛ)

good fortune, happiness, welfare, prosperity

dignity, majesty, distinction, excellence, beauty, loveliness

love, affection, sexual passion, amorous pleasure, dalliance

the female organs, pudendum muliebre, vulva


अङ्गार

sa-noun

अङ्गा॑र • (áṅgāra) stem, m

अङ्गा॑र (canonical)
áṅgāra (romanization)
अङ्गारः (nominative singular)
अङ्गारौ (dual nominative)
अङ्गारा1 (dual nominative)
अङ्गाराः (nominative plural)
अङ्गारासः1 (nominative plural)
अङ्गार (singular vocative)
अङ्गारौ (dual vocative)
अङ्गारा1 (dual vocative)
अङ्गाराः (plural vocative)
अङ्गारासः1 (plural vocative)
अङ्गारम् (accusative singular)
अङ्गारौ (accusative dual)
अङ्गारा1 (accusative dual)
अङ्गारान् (accusative plural)
अङ्गारेण (instrumental singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्गारैः (instrumental plural)
अङ्गारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अङ्गाराय (dative singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्गारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्गारात् (ablative singular)
अङ्गाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्गारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्गारस्य (genitive singular)
अङ्गारयोः (dual genitive)
अङ्गाराणाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्गारे (locative singular)
अङ्गारयोः (dual locative)
अङ्गारेषु (locative plural)

Pali: aṅgāra

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀭 (aṃgāra), 𑀅𑀁𑀕𑀸𑀮 (aṃgāla) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: অঙ্গার (oṅgar)

→ Burmese: အင်္ဂါ (angga)

desc

→ Khmer: អង្គារ (ʼɑɑʼɑngkiə)

→ Khmer: អង្គារ (ʼɑɑʼɑngkiə)

→ Lao: ອັງຄານ (ʼang khān)

→ Mongolian: Ангараг (Angarag)

→ Mon: အၚါ

desctree

→ Old Javanese: aṅgara
→ Balinese: ᬅᬗ᭄ᬕᬭ (Anggara)

→ Sinhalese: අඟහරු (aⁿgaharu)

desc

→ Shan: ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ (ʼàng kàa)

→ Shan: ဢင်ႇၵႃႇ (ʼàng kàa)

→ Shan: ဢင်းၵၼ်း (ʼáng kán)

→ Shan: ဢင်းၵၼ်း (ʼáng kán)

→ Telugu: అంగారము (aṅgāramu)

⇒ Telugu: అంగారకము (aṅgārakamu)

⇒ Telugu: అంగారకుడు (aṅgārakuḍu)

→ Thai: อังคาร (ang-kaan)

/ɐ́ŋ.ɡɑː.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁engʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-ōl
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras
Sanskrit अङ्गा॑र (áṅgāra)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hángāras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѫгль (ǫglĭ), Lithuanian anglis, Old Armenian ածուղ (acuł).

etymon

अङ्गा॑र

inh+

नी॒चा व॑र्तन्त उ॒परि॑ स्फुरन्त्यह॒स्तासो॒ हस्त॑वन्तं सहन्ते।
दि॒व्या अङ्गा॑रा॒ इरि॑णे॒ न्यु॑प्ताः शी॒ताः सन्तो॒ हृद॑यं॒ निर्द॑हन्ति॥
nīcā́ vartanta upári sphurantyahastā́so hástavantaṃ sahante.

Downward they roll, and then spring quickly upward, and, handless, force the man with hands to serve them.
Cast on the board, like lumps of magic charcoal, though cold themselves they burn the heart to ashes.

divyā́ áṅgārā íriṇe nyùptāḥ śītā́ḥ sánto hṛ́dayaṃ nírdahanti.


आर्य

ā́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic ā́riya (romanization)
आर्यः (nominative singular)
आर्यौ (dual nominative)
आर्या1 (dual nominative)
आर्याः (nominative plural)
आर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
आर्य (singular vocative)
आर्यौ (dual vocative)
आर्या1 (dual vocative)
आर्याः (plural vocative)
आर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
आर्यम् (accusative singular)
आर्यौ (accusative dual)
आर्या1 (accusative dual)
आर्यान् (accusative plural)
आर्येण (instrumental singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आर्यैः (instrumental plural)
आर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आर्याय (dative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आर्यात् (ablative singular)
आर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आर्यस्य (genitive singular)
आर्ययोः (dual genitive)
आर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
आर्ये (locative singular)
आर्ययोः (dual locative)
आर्येषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚 (ajja)

Marathi: आजा (ājā), आजोबा (ājobā)

Konkani: आजो (āzô)

→ Kannada: ಅಜ್ಜ (ajja)

→ Malayalam: അച്ഛൻ (acchaṉ)

→ Tamil: அச்சன் (accaṉ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: આજો (ājo)

Pali: ariya

Mon: အရဳ (ʼarī)

→ Assamese: আৰ্য্য (airzo)

→ Bengali: আর্য (arjo), আর্যু (arju)

→ English: Arya

desc

→ Hindi: आर्य (ārya, “Aryan”), हिंद-आर्य (hind-ārya, “Indo-Aryan”)

→ Urdu: آریہ (ārya, “Aryan”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ārya
Javanese: ꦲꦂꦪ (arya), ꦄꦂꦪ (Arya)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬃᬬ (arya)

→ Punjabi: ਆਰੀਆ (ārīā, “Aryan”)

→ Tamil: ஆரியம் (āriyam)

desc

→ Thai: อารียา (female given name "Ariya")

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Áryas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Áryas (“Aryan”).
Old Indic ā́rya (with long a, vṛddhi-formed Sanskrit ā́rya-) is a cognate of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (with short a, Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱriia) and Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹 (a-r-i-y /Ariya/). The term was used as a self-designator by both Indians and Iranians.

(primary) an Indo-Aryan, i.e. an Ārya, a self-designator of the peoples of Ancient India who speak आर्य भाषा (ārya bhāṣā)

a speaker of the language of the Vedas (as opposed to अनार्य (anārya), दस्यु (dasyu), दास (dāsa))

अनार्य अनार्य#Sanskrit

दस्यु दस्यु#Sanskrit

an inhabitant of the आर्यावर्त (āryāvarta)

आर्यावर्त आर्यावर्त#Sanskrit

one who is favourable to the Āryan people/cause (RV. etc.)

(secondary) a person having the self-ascribed qualities of a speaker of Ārya language

one who is faithful to the religion of his country

a man highly esteemed, a respectable, honourable man (Pañcat., Śak. etc.)

in later times name of the first three castes, compare ārya.varna (opposed to शूद्र (śūdra)) (late RV., AV., VS., MBh., Yājñ., Pañcat. etc.)

शूद्र शूद्र#Sanskrit

(from developments in Buddhist/Pali usage)

(Buddhism) a man who has thought on the four chief truths of Buddhism and lives accordingly, a Buddhist priest (Pali ayya, or ariya)

(proper noun) a son of Manu Sāvarṇa (Hariv.)


अर्भ

arbhá (romanization)
अर्भः (nominative singular)
अर्भौ (dual nominative)
अर्भा1 (dual nominative)
अर्भाः (nominative plural)
अर्भासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्भ (singular vocative)
अर्भौ (dual vocative)
अर्भा1 (dual vocative)
अर्भाः (plural vocative)
अर्भासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्भम् (accusative singular)
अर्भौ (accusative dual)
अर्भा1 (accusative dual)
अर्भान् (accusative plural)
अर्भेण (instrumental singular)
अर्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्भैः (instrumental plural)
अर्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्भाय (dative singular)
अर्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्भात् (ablative singular)
अर्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्भस्य (genitive singular)
अर्भयोः (dual genitive)
अर्भाणाम् (genitive plural)
अर्भे (locative singular)
अर्भयोः (dual locative)
अर्भेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hárbʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárbʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan”).
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


अंहु

áṃhu (romanization)
अंहु (nominative singular)
अंहुनी (dual nominative)
अंहूनि (nominative plural)
अंहु1 (nominative plural)
अंहू1 (nominative plural)
अंहु (singular vocative)
अंहो (singular vocative)
अंहुनी (dual vocative)
अंहूनि (plural vocative)
अंहु1 (plural vocative)
अंहू1 (plural vocative)
अंहु (accusative singular)
अंहुनी (accusative dual)
अंहूनि (accusative plural)
अंहु1 (accusative plural)
अंहू1 (accusative plural)
अंहुना (instrumental singular)
अंह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अंहुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंहुभिः (instrumental plural)
अंहुने (dative singular)
अंहवे1 (dative singular)
अंह्वे1 (dative singular)
अंहुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंहुभ्यः (dative plural)
अंहुनः (ablative singular)
अंहोः1 (ablative singular)
अंह्वः1 (ablative singular)
अंहुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंहुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंहुनः (genitive singular)
अंहोः1 (genitive singular)
अंह्वः1 (genitive singular)
अंहुनोः (dual genitive)
अंहूनाम् (genitive plural)
अंहुनि (locative singular)
अंहौ1 (locative singular)
अंहुनोः (dual locative)
अंहुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hánźʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hánȷ́ʰuš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰus, from *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬄𐬰𐬀𐬵 (ązah), Latin angustus, Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ). Related to अंहस् (áṃhas).

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


कृपाण

kṛpāṇa (romanization)
कृपाणः (nominative singular)
कृपाणौ (dual nominative)
कृपाणा1 (dual nominative)
कृपाणाः (nominative plural)
कृपाणासः1 (nominative plural)
कृपाण (singular vocative)
कृपाणौ (dual vocative)
कृपाणा1 (dual vocative)
कृपाणाः (plural vocative)
कृपाणासः1 (plural vocative)
कृपाणम् (accusative singular)
कृपाणौ (accusative dual)
कृपाणा1 (accusative dual)
कृपाणान् (accusative plural)
कृपाणेन (instrumental singular)
कृपाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृपाणैः (instrumental plural)
कृपाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृपाणाय (dative singular)
कृपाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृपाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृपाणात् (ablative singular)
कृपाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृपाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृपाणस्य (genitive singular)
कृपाणयोः (dual genitive)
कृपाणानाम् (genitive plural)
कृपाणे (locative singular)
कृपाणयोः (dual locative)
कृपाणेषु (locative plural)

From कल्पयति (kalpayáti, “he orders, apportions, cuts, trims”).


पुत्र

putrá (romanization)
पुत्रः (nominative singular)
पुत्रौ (dual nominative)
पुत्रा1 (dual nominative)
पुत्राः (nominative plural)
पुत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
पुत्र (singular vocative)
पुत्रौ (dual vocative)
पुत्रा1 (dual vocative)
पुत्राः (plural vocative)
पुत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
पुत्रम् (accusative singular)
पुत्रौ (accusative dual)
पुत्रा1 (accusative dual)
पुत्रान् (accusative plural)
पुत्रेण (instrumental singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुत्रैः (instrumental plural)
पुत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुत्राय (dative singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुत्रात् (ablative singular)
पुत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुत्रस्य (genitive singular)
पुत्रयोः (dual genitive)
पुत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
पुत्रे (locative singular)
पुत्रयोः (dual locative)
पुत्रेषु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀭 (putra), 𑀧𑀼𑀢 (puta)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: পুত (put)

Bengali: পুত (put)

Rohingya: fut

Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠔ (fut)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (putta)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)
Hindustani: pūt
Hindi: पूत
Urdu: پُوت
Konkani: pūt
Devanagari script: पूत
Kannada script: ಪೂತ್
Latin script: put
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: पुत (puta), पूत (pūta)
Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘝 (puta)

Konkani: पूत (pūt)

Marathi: पूत (pūt)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (putta)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: ਪੁੱਤ (putta), ਪੁੱਤਰ (puttar)
Hindustani: pūt
Hindi: पूत
Urdu: پُوت
Konkani: pūt
Devanagari script: पूत
Kannada script: ಪೂತ್
Latin script: put
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: पुत (puta), पूत (pūta)
Modi script: 𑘢𑘳𑘝 (puta)

Hindustani: pūt

Hindi: पूत

Urdu: پُوت (pūt)

Dardic:

Kalasha: putr

Kashmiri: پۆتھٕر (pothụr, “son”)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ފުތް (fut̊)

Pali: putta

→ Hindi: पुत्र (putra)

→ Bengali: পুত্র (putro)

→ Kannada: ಪುತ್ರ (putra)

→ Khmer: បុត្រា (botraa)

desc

→ Lü: ᦢᦳᧆ (ḃud)

→ Lü: ᦢᦳᧆ (ḃud)

→ Malay: putera, putra

Indonesian: putra, putera

→ Malayalam: പുത്രൻ (putraṉ)

→ Marathi: पुत्र (putra)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: putra
Javanese: ꦥꦸꦠꦿ (putra)

→ Sinhalese: පුතා (putā)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠔ꠆ꠞꠣ (futra)

→ Tamil: புத்திரன் (puttiraṉ)

→ Telugu: పుత్రుడు (putruḍu)

→ Thai: บุตร (bùt)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *putrás (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“small, little, few”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra), Old Persian 𐎱𐎢𐏂 (p-u-ç /puça/, “son”), Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child, son”), Latin puer (“boy”), Old English fēaw (whence English few).

der

ते हि पु॒त्रासो॒ अदि॑तेर्वि॒दुर्द्वेषां॑सि॒ योत॑वे।
अं॒होश्चि॑दुरु॒चक्र॑योऽने॒हस॑:॥
té hí putrā́so áditervidúrdvéṣāṃsi yótave.

For well these Sons of Aditi know to keep enmities aloof,
Unrivalled, giving ample room, they save from woe.


वातिगगम

vātigagama (romanization)
वातिगगमः (nominative singular)
वातिगगमौ (dual nominative)
वातिगगमा1 (dual nominative)
वातिगगमाः (nominative plural)
वातिगगमासः1 (nominative plural)
वातिगगम (singular vocative)
वातिगगमौ (dual vocative)
वातिगगमा1 (dual vocative)
वातिगगमाः (plural vocative)
वातिगगमासः1 (plural vocative)
वातिगगमम् (accusative singular)
वातिगगमौ (accusative dual)
वातिगगमा1 (accusative dual)
वातिगगमान् (accusative plural)
वातिगगमेन (instrumental singular)
वातिगगमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वातिगगमैः (instrumental plural)
वातिगगमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वातिगगमाय (dative singular)
वातिगगमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वातिगगमेभ्यः (dative plural)
वातिगगमात् (ablative singular)
वातिगगमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वातिगगमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वातिगगमस्य (genitive singular)
वातिगगमयोः (dual genitive)
वातिगगमानाम् (genitive plural)
वातिगगमे (locative singular)
वातिगगमयोः (dual locative)
वातिगगमेषु (locative plural)

Of non-Indo-European substrate origin, possibly Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtV; compare Tamil வழுதலை (vaḻutalai), வழுதுணை (vaḻutuṇai), Malayalam വഴുതന (vaḻutana).

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

eggplant (Solanum melongena) (by folk etymology, "the plant that cures the wind")


प्रथमपुरुष

prathamá-puruṣa (romanization)
प्रथमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
प्रथमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
प्रथमपुरुष (singular vocative)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
प्रथमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)
प्रथमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रथमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
प्रथमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रथमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
प्रथमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
प्रथमपुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रथमपुरुषे (locative singular)
प्रथमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
प्रथमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of प्रथमपुरुष

प्रथमपुरुषाः

प्रथमपुरुषाः

प्रथमपुरुषम्

प्रथमपुरुषान्

प्रथमपुरुषेण

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषैः

प्रथमपुरुषाय

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषात्

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषस्य

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषाणाम्

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्रथमपुरुषस्य

प्रथमपुरुषाः

प्रथमपुरुषाः

प्रथमपुरुषम्

प्रथमपुरुषान्

प्रथमपुरुषेण

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषैः

प्रथमपुरुषाय

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषात्

प्रथमपुरुषाभ्याम्

प्रथमपुरुषेभ्यः

प्रथमपुरुषस्य

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषाणाम्

प्रथमपुरुषयोः

प्रथमपुरुषेषु

(grammar) third person, but literally the "first person" in Sanskrit grammar tradition


मध्यमपुरुष

madhyamá-puruṣa (romanization)
मध्यमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
मध्यमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
मध्यमपुरुष (singular vocative)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
मध्यमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)
मध्यमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषेन (instrumental singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मध्यमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
मध्यमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मध्यमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
मध्यमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
मध्यमपुरुषानाम् (genitive plural)
मध्यमपुरुषे (locative singular)
मध्यमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
मध्यमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मध्यमपुरुष

मध्यमपुरुषाः

मध्यमपुरुषाः

मध्यमपुरुषम्

मध्यमपुरुषान्

मध्यमपुरुषेन

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषैः

मध्यमपुरुषाय

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषात्

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषस्य

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषानाम्

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

मध्यमपुरुषस्य

मध्यमपुरुषाः

मध्यमपुरुषाः

मध्यमपुरुषम्

मध्यमपुरुषान्

मध्यमपुरुषेन

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषैः

मध्यमपुरुषाय

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषात्

मध्यमपुरुषाभ्याम्

मध्यमपुरुषेभ्यः

मध्यमपुरुषस्य

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषानाम्

मध्यमपुरुषयोः

मध्यमपुरुषेषु

desc

→ Pali: majjhimapurisa (“second person”)

(grammar) the second person in verbal conjugation, a termination of the second person


उत्तमपुरुष

ut-tamá-puruṣa (romanization)
उत्तमपुरुषः (nominative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (dual nominative)
उत्तमपुरुषाः (nominative plural)
उत्तमपुरुष (singular vocative)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (dual vocative)
उत्तमपुरुषाः (plural vocative)
उत्तमपुरुषम् (accusative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषौ (accusative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषान् (accusative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषेण (instrumental singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उत्तमपुरुषैः (instrumental plural)
उत्तमपुरुषाय (dative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषात् (ablative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उत्तमपुरुषस्य (genitive singular)
उत्तमपुरुषयोः (dual genitive)
उत्तमपुरुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
उत्तमपुरुषे (locative singular)
उत्तमपुरुषयोः (dual locative)
उत्तमपुरुषेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of उत्तमपुरुष

उत्तमपुरुषाः

उत्तमपुरुषाः

उत्तमपुरुषम्

उत्तमपुरुषान्

उत्तमपुरुषेण

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषैः

उत्तमपुरुषाय

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषात्

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषस्य

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषाणाम्

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

उत्तमपुरुषस्य

उत्तमपुरुषाः

उत्तमपुरुषाः

उत्तमपुरुषम्

उत्तमपुरुषान्

उत्तमपुरुषेण

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषैः

उत्तमपुरुषाय

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषात्

उत्तमपुरुषाभ्याम्

उत्तमपुरुषेभ्यः

उत्तमपुरुषस्य

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषाणाम्

उत्तमपुरुषयोः

उत्तमपुरुषेषु

(grammar) first person, literally "the last person" in Sanskrit grammar tradition


अपत्यता

apatyatā (romanization)
अपत्यता (nominative singular)
अपत्यते (dual nominative)
अपत्यताः (nominative plural)
अपत्यते (singular vocative)
अपत्यते (dual vocative)
अपत्यताः (plural vocative)
अपत्यताम् (accusative singular)
अपत्यते (accusative dual)
अपत्यताः (accusative plural)
अपत्यतया (instrumental singular)
अपत्यताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अपत्यताभिः (instrumental plural)
अपत्यतायै (dative singular)
अपत्यताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अपत्यताभ्यः (dative plural)
अपत्यतायाः (ablative singular)
अपत्यताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अपत्यताभ्यः (ablative plural)
अपत्यतायाः (genitive singular)
अपत्यतयोः (dual genitive)
अपत्यतानाम् (genitive plural)
अपत्यतायाम् (locative singular)
अपत्यतयोः (dual locative)
अपत्यतासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अपत्यता

अपत्यताभ्याम्

अपत्यताभ्याम्

अपत्यताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

अपत्यताभ्याम्

अपत्यताभ्याम्

अपत्यताभ्याम्


कच्छ

kaccha (romanization)
कच्छः (nominative singular)
कच्छौ (dual nominative)
कच्छाः (nominative plural)
कच्छ (singular vocative)
कच्छौ (dual vocative)
कच्छाः (plural vocative)
कच्छम् (accusative singular)
कच्छौ (accusative dual)
कच्छान् (accusative plural)
कच्छेन (instrumental singular)
कच्छाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कच्छैः (instrumental plural)
कच्छाय (dative singular)
कच्छाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कच्छेभ्यः (dative plural)
कच्छात् (ablative singular)
कच्छाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कच्छेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कच्छस्य (genitive singular)
कच्छयोः (dual genitive)
कच्छानाम् (genitive plural)
कच्छे (locative singular)
कच्छयोः (dual locative)
कच्छेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कच्छ

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (kaccha)

Pali: kaccha

→ Gujarati: કચ્છ (kacch)

→ English: Kutch, Cutch, Kachchh

→ Hindi: कच्छ (kacch)

/ˈkɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ/

[ˈkɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ]

Unknown; possibly a Prakritism for कक्ष (kakṣa, “armpit”), but this is rejected by Turner. Compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬱𐬀 (kaša, “ocean”).

a bank or any ground bordering on water, shore

watery soil, marshy ground, marsh, morass


श्री

śrī́ (romanization)
श्रीः (nominative singular)
श्रियौ (dual nominative)
श्रियः (nominative plural)
श्रीः (singular vocative)
श्रियौ (dual vocative)
श्रियः (plural vocative)
श्रियम् (accusative singular)
श्रियौ (accusative dual)
श्रियः (accusative plural)
श्रिया (instrumental singular)
श्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
श्रिये (dative singular)
श्रियै1 (dative singular)
श्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रियः (ablative singular)
श्रियाः1 (ablative singular)
श्रियै2 (ablative singular)
श्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रियः (genitive singular)
श्रियाः1 (genitive singular)
श्रियै2 (genitive singular)
श्रियोः (dual genitive)
श्रियाम् (genitive plural)
श्रीणाम्1 (genitive plural)
श्रियि (locative singular)
श्रियाम्1 (locative singular)
श्रियोः (dual locative)
श्रीषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śriHrás with apocopation, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćriHrás. Compare Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬭𐬀 (srīra). Doublet of श्रील (śrīlá) and श्रीर (śrīrá)

inh+

light, lustre, radiance, splendour, glory, beauty, grace, loveliness

prosperity, welfare, good fortune, success, auspiciousness, wealth, treasure, riches


वृद्धि

vṛ́ddhi (romanization)
वृद्धिः (nominative singular)
वृद्धी (dual nominative)
वृद्धयः (nominative plural)
वृद्धे (singular vocative)
वृद्धी (dual vocative)
वृद्धयः (plural vocative)
वृद्धिम् (accusative singular)
वृद्धी (accusative dual)
वृद्धीः (accusative plural)
वृद्ध्या (instrumental singular)
वृद्धी1 (instrumental singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृद्धिभिः (instrumental plural)
वृद्धये (dative singular)
वृद्ध्यै2 (dative singular)
वृद्धी1 (dative singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृद्धिभ्यः (dative plural)
वृद्धेः (ablative singular)
वृद्ध्याः2 (ablative singular)
वृद्ध्यै3 (ablative singular)
वृद्धिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृद्धिभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृद्धेः (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्याः2 (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्यै3 (genitive singular)
वृद्ध्योः (dual genitive)
वृद्धीनाम् (genitive plural)
वृद्धौ (locative singular)
वृद्ध्याम्2 (locative singular)
वृद्धा1 (locative singular)
वृद्ध्योः (dual locative)
वृद्धिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀠𑀺 (vaḍhi /vaḍḍhi/), 𐨬𐨝𐨁 (vaḍhi)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vaḍḍhi)
Central:
Hindi: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
Urdu: باڑھ (bāṛh, “increase; flood”)
Eastern
Bengali: বাড় (baṛ, “growth”)
Northern:
Kumaoni: बाढ़ (bāṛh, “increase”)
Southern:
Konkani-Marathi:
Konkani: वाड (vāḍ, “increase”)
Marathi: वाढ (vāḍh, “increase”)
Sinhalese: වැඩ (wæḍa, “increase, profit”)
→ Kannada: ಬಡ್ಡಿ (baḍḍi, “interest”)
→ Malayalam: വട്ടി (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
→ Tamil: வட்டி (vaṭṭi, “interest”)
→ Telugu: వడ్డి (vaḍḍi, “interest”)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀠𑀺 (vuḍhi /vuḍḍhi/)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (vuḍḍhi), 𑀉𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺 (uḍḍhi)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀥𑀺 (vadhi /vaddhi/)
Prakrit: *vaddhi ~ *vaddhiyā
Northwestern:
Sindhi: واڌِ (vadhi, “abundance”)
Western:
Gujarati: વધ (vadh, “increase”)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𐨬𐨢𐨿𐨪𐨁 (vadhri)

Ashokan Prakrit: *viddhi

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (viddhi)

Ashokan Prakrit: *vuddhi

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (vuddhi)
Sindhi: اُڌيِ کُٽيِ (udhī-khuṭī, “profit-loss”) (< *vuddhiyā)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वड् (waḍ, “profit”)

Pali: vaḍḍhi, vuḍḍhi, vuddhi

desc

→ English: vṛddhi, vrddhi, vr̥ddhi, vriddhi

→ Hindi: वृद्धि (vŕddhi)

→ Kannada: ವೃದ್ಧಿ (vṛddhi)

→ Old Javanese: wṛddhi, wrĕde

→ Tamil: விருத்தி (virutti)

→ Telugu: వృద్ధి (vr̥ddhi)

[ˈʋr̩d̪̚.d̪ʱi]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥dᶻdʰiš (“growth, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérdʰ-ti-s ~ *wr̥dʰ-téy-s. Synchronically, from the root वृध् (vṛdh, “to grow”) + -ति (-ti). See वृद्ध (vṛddha) and वर्धति (vardhati) for cognates.

sa-root

परि त्वा गिर्वणो गिर इमा भवन्तु विश्वतः ।
वृद्धायुमनु वृद्धयो जुष्टा भवन्तु जुष्टयः ॥
pari tvā girvaṇo gira imā bhavantu viśvataḥ.

Thou who lovest hymns, may these hymns of ours encompass thee on every side
May they be an augmentation to thee of lengthened life, may they be dear delights to thee.

vṛddhāyumanu vṛddhayo juṣṭā bhavantu juṣṭayaḥ.

वृद्धिश् च मे सत्यं च मे श्रद्धा च मे

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.7.2

To me [may] growth, truth and faith [be granted]

vṛddhiś ca me satyaṃ ca me śraddhā ca me

growth, increase, augmentation, prolongation

advancement, prosperity, welfare, happiness

ऋणं दातुम् अशक्तो यः कर्तुम् इच्छेत्पुनः क्रियाम् ।
स दत्त्वा निर्जितां वृद्धिं करणं परिवर्तयेत् ।।
ṛṇaṃ dātum aśakto yaḥ kartum icchetpunaḥ kriyām.

He who, unable to pay a debt (at the fixed time), wishes to make a new contract, may renew the agreement, after paying the interest which is due.

sa dattvā nirjitāṃ vṛddhiṃ karaṇaṃ parivartayet..

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

gain, profit
profit from lending money; interest


बहुव्रीहि

bahuvrīhí (romanization)
बहुव्रीहिः (nominative singular)
बहुव्रीही (dual nominative)
बहुव्रीहयः (nominative plural)
बहुव्रीहे (singular vocative)
बहुव्रीही (dual vocative)
बहुव्रीहयः (plural vocative)
बहुव्रीहिम् (accusative singular)
बहुव्रीही (accusative dual)
बहुव्रीहीन् (accusative plural)
बहुव्रीहिणा (instrumental singular)
बहुव्रीह्या1 (instrumental singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बहुव्रीहिभिः (instrumental plural)
बहुव्रीहये (dative singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
बहुव्रीहिभ्यः (dative plural)
बहुव्रीहेः (ablative singular)
बहुव्रीह्यः1 (ablative singular)
बहुव्रीहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बहुव्रीहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
बहुव्रीहेः (genitive singular)
बहुव्रीह्यः1 (genitive singular)
बहुव्रीह्योः (dual genitive)
बहुव्रीहीणाम् (genitive plural)
बहुव्रीहौ (locative singular)
बहुव्रीहा1 (locative singular)
बहुव्रीह्योः (dual locative)
बहुव्रीहिषु (locative plural)

Bahuvrīhi compound of बहु (bahú, “much”) + व्रीहि (vrīhí, “rice”).


मिहिर

mihira (romanization)
मिहिरः (nominative singular)
मिहिरौ (dual nominative)
मिहिरा1 (dual nominative)
मिहिराः (nominative plural)
मिहिरासः1 (nominative plural)
मिहिर (singular vocative)
मिहिरौ (dual vocative)
मिहिरा1 (dual vocative)
मिहिराः (plural vocative)
मिहिरासः1 (plural vocative)
मिहिरम् (accusative singular)
मिहिरौ (accusative dual)
मिहिरा1 (accusative dual)
मिहिरान् (accusative plural)
मिहिरेण (instrumental singular)
मिहिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मिहिरैः (instrumental plural)
मिहिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मिहिराय (dative singular)
मिहिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मिहिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मिहिरात् (ablative singular)
मिहिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मिहिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मिहिरस्य (genitive singular)
मिहिरयोः (dual genitive)
मिहिराणाम् (genitive plural)
मिहिरे (locative singular)
मिहिरयोः (dual locative)
मिहिरेषु (locative plural)


मुद्रा

mudrā́ (romanization)
मुद्रा (nominative singular)
मुद्रे (dual nominative)
मुद्राः (nominative plural)
मुद्रे (singular vocative)
मुद्रे (dual vocative)
मुद्राः (plural vocative)
मुद्राम् (accusative singular)
मुद्रे (accusative dual)
मुद्राः (accusative plural)
मुद्रया (instrumental singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुद्राभिः (instrumental plural)
मुद्रायै (dative singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुद्राभ्यः (dative plural)
मुद्रायाः (ablative singular)
मुद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुद्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुद्रायाः (genitive singular)
मुद्रयोः (dual genitive)
मुद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मुद्रायाम् (locative singular)
मुद्रयोः (dual locative)
मुद्रासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of मुद्रा

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

मुद्राभ्याम्

Assamese: মুদ্ৰা (mudra)

Bengali: মুদ্রা (mudra)

Hindi: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Konkani: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Marathi: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Nepali: मुद्रा (mudrā)

Odia: ମୁଦ୍ରା (mudrā)

Pali: muddā

Punjabi: ਮੁੱਦਰਾ (muddarā)

Tamil: முத்திரை (muttirai)

Telugu: ముద్ర (mudra)

Burmese: မုဒြာ (mu.dra)

Possibly an Iranian borrowing, from Proto-Iranian *mudrā, possibly ultimately from Akkadian 𒈬𒊬 (mušarû, “object bearing a royal inscription”), from Sumerian 𒈬𒊬 (mu-sar /musar/), from 𒈬 (mu, “name, fame”) + 𒊬 (sar, “to write”).
Or, if from मुद्र (mudrá, “joyous, glad”), then related to माद्यति (mādyati, “to rejoice, revel, be drunk, intoxicated”).

der

a seal or any instrument used for sealing or stamping, a seal-ring, signet-ring, any ring

type for printing or instrument for lithographing

any stamp or print or mark or impression

the stamp or impression made by a seal etc.

a stamped coin, piece of money, rupee, cash, medal

an image, sign, badge, token (especially a token or mark of divine attributes impressed upon the body)

authorization, a pass, passport (as given by a seal)

shutting, closing (as of the eyes or lips)

name of particular positions or intertwinings of the fingers of the hand (24 in number, commonly practiced in religious worship, and supposed to possess an occult meaning and magical efficacy); mudra

female consort for sexual yoga practices

a particular branch of education ("reckoning by the fingers")

(rhetoric) the natural expression of things by words, calling things by their right names

(music) a dance accordant with tradition


नक्त

nákta (romanization)
नक्तम् (nominative singular)
नक्ते (dual nominative)
नक्तानि (nominative plural)
नक्ता1 (nominative plural)
नक्त (singular vocative)
नक्ते (dual vocative)
नक्तानि (plural vocative)
नक्ता1 (plural vocative)
नक्तम् (accusative singular)
नक्ते (accusative dual)
नक्तानि (accusative plural)
नक्ता1 (accusative plural)
नक्तेन (instrumental singular)
नक्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नक्तैः (instrumental plural)
नक्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नक्ताय (dative singular)
नक्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
नक्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
नक्तात् (ablative singular)
नक्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नक्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नक्तस्य (genitive singular)
नक्तयोः (dual genitive)
नक्तानाम् (genitive plural)
नक्ते (locative singular)
नक्तयोः (dual locative)
नक्तेषु (locative plural)

Pali: natta

→ Bengali: নক্ত (nokto)

→ Telugu: నక్తము (naktamu)

[ˈn̪ɐk̚.t̪ɐ]

From Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Cognate with Ancient Greek νῠ́ξ (nŭ́x), Latin nox, Lithuanian naktis, Old English niht (whence English night).

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


अमल

a-mala (romanization)
अमलः (nominative singular)
अमलौ (dual nominative)
अमलाः (nominative plural)
अमल (singular vocative)
अमलौ (dual vocative)
अमलाः (plural vocative)
अमलम् (accusative singular)
अमलौ (accusative dual)
अमलान् (accusative plural)
अमलेन (instrumental singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमलैः (instrumental plural)
अमलाय (dative singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमलात् (ablative singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमलस्य (genitive singular)
अमलयोः (dual genitive)
अमलानाम् (genitive plural)
अमले (locative singular)
अमलयोः (dual locative)
अमलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अमल


अमल

a-mala (romanization)
अमलम् (nominative singular)
अमले (dual nominative)
अमलानि (nominative plural)
अमल (singular vocative)
अमले (dual vocative)
अमलानि (plural vocative)
अमलम् (accusative singular)
अमले (accusative dual)
अमलानि (accusative plural)
अमलेन (instrumental singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमलैः (instrumental plural)
अमलाय (dative singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमलात् (ablative singular)
अमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमलस्य (genitive singular)
अमलयोः (dual genitive)
अमलानाम् (genitive plural)
अमले (locative singular)
अमलयोः (dual locative)
अमलेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अमल</i>


पाद

pā́da (romanization)
पादः (nominative singular)
पादौ (dual nominative)
पादा1 (dual nominative)
पादाः (nominative plural)
पादासः1 (nominative plural)
पाद (singular vocative)
पादौ (dual vocative)
पादा1 (dual vocative)
पादाः (plural vocative)
पादासः1 (plural vocative)
पादम् (accusative singular)
पादौ (accusative dual)
पादा1 (accusative dual)
पादान् (accusative plural)
पादेन (instrumental singular)
पादाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पादैः (instrumental plural)
पादेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पादाय (dative singular)
पादाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पादेभ्यः (dative plural)
पादात् (ablative singular)
पादाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पादेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पादस्य (genitive singular)
पादयोः (dual genitive)
पादानाम् (genitive plural)
पादे (locative singular)
पादयोः (dual locative)
पादेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: pāda

Formed from पादम् (pādam), the accusative singular of पद् (pád, “foot”).

the foot or leg of an inanimate object, column, pillar

the foot or a hill at the foot of a mountain

a ray or beam of light (considered as the foot of a heavenly body)

quarter, fourth Part (the fourth of a quadruped being one out of 4)

a verse or line (as the fourth part of a regular stanza)

the caesura of a verse agni-purāṇa, the chapter of a book


होतृ

hótṛ (romanization)
होता (nominative singular)
होतारौ (dual nominative)
होतारा1 (dual nominative)
होतारः (nominative plural)
होतः (singular vocative)
होतारौ (dual vocative)
होतारा1 (dual vocative)
होतारः (plural vocative)
होतारम् (accusative singular)
होतारौ (accusative dual)
होतारा1 (accusative dual)
होतॄन् (accusative plural)
होत्रा (instrumental singular)
होतृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
होतृभिः (instrumental plural)
होत्रे (dative singular)
होतृभ्याम् (dative dual)
होतृभ्यः (dative plural)
होतुः (ablative singular)
होतृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
होतृभ्यः (ablative plural)
होतुः (genitive singular)
होत्रोः (dual genitive)
होतॄणाम् (genitive plural)
होतरि (locative singular)
होत्रोः (dual locative)
होतृषु (locative plural)

→ English: hotr, hotar

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáwtā (“priest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tōr (“pourer”), from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬀𐬭 (zaotar) and English god.

अ॒ग्निमी॑ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विज॑म् ।
होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मम् ॥
agnímīḷe puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjam.

I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation to the gods, and is the possessor of great wealth.

an offerer of an oblation or yajna, sacrificer, priest, especially a priest who at a sacrifice invokes the gods or recites the Rigveda, a Rigveda priest; hotr


लक्ष्मी

lakṣmī́ (romanization)
लक्ष्मी (nominative singular)
लक्ष्मीः (nominative singular)
लक्ष्म्यौ (dual nominative)
लक्ष्म्या (dual nominative)
लक्ष्म्यः (nominative plural)
लक्ष्मि (singular vocative)
लक्ष्म्यौ (dual vocative)
लक्ष्म्या (dual vocative)
लक्ष्म्यः (plural vocative)
लक्ष्मीम् (accusative singular)
लक्ष्म्यम् (accusative singular)
लक्ष्म्यौ (accusative dual)
लक्ष्म्या (accusative dual)
लक्ष्मीः (accusative plural)
लक्ष्म्यः (accusative plural)
लक्ष्म्या (instrumental singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लक्ष्मीभिः (instrumental plural)
लक्ष्म्यै (dative singular)
लक्ष्म्ये (dative singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (dative dual)
लक्ष्मीभ्यः (dative plural)
लक्ष्म्याः (ablative singular)
लक्ष्म्यः (ablative singular)
लक्ष्मीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लक्ष्मीभ्यः (ablative plural)
लक्ष्म्याः (genitive singular)
लक्ष्म्यः (genitive singular)
लक्ष्म्योः (dual genitive)
लक्ष्मीणाम् (genitive plural)
लक्ष्म्याम् (locative singular)
लक्ष्म्यि (locative singular)
लक्ष्म्योः (dual locative)
लक्ष्मीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-ī

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of लक्ष्मी

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

sa-decl-noun/cell

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मी, लक्ष्मीः

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीम्, लक्ष्म्यम्

लक्ष्म्यौ, लक्ष्म्या

लक्ष्मीः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्यै, लक्ष्म्ये

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्मीभ्याम्

लक्ष्म्याः, लक्ष्म्यः

लक्ष्म्याम्, लक्ष्म्यि

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀮𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 (lacchī)
Old Gujarati: लाछि (lāchi)
Gujarati: લાછ (lāch)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: लाछ (lāch), लाछी (lāchī)
Mahajani script: 𑅮𑅚 (lch), 𑅮𑅚𑅑 (lchi)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī)

Urdu: لکشمی (lakṣmī)

→ Kannada: ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ (lakṣmi)

→ Khmer: លក្ស្មី (lĕəksməy)

→ Malayalam: ലക്ഷ്മി (lakṣmi)

→ Malay: laksmi

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਲਕਸ਼ਮੀ (lakśamī), ਲੱਛਮੀ (lacchamī)

Shahmukhi script: لکشمی (lakṣmī)

→ Tamil: லட்சுமி (laṭcumi)

→ Telugu: లక్ష్మి (lakṣmi)

सक्तुमिव-तित-उना पुनन्तो यत्र धीरा मनसा वाचमक्रत |
अत्रा सखायः सख्यानि जानते भद्रैषांलक्ष्मीर्निहिताधि वाचि ||
saktumiva-tita-unā punanto yatra dhīrā manasā vācamakrata |
atrā sakhāyaḥ sakhyāni jānate bhadraiṣāṃlakṣmīrnihitādhi vāci ||

Where, like men cleansing corn-flour in a cribble, the wise in spirit have created language,
Friends see and recognize the marks of friendship: their speech retains the blessed sign imprinted.

(with or without पापी (pāpī́)) a bad sign, impending misfortune

पुण्या पुण्या#Sanskrit

(but in the older language more usually with पुण्या (púṇyā)) a good sign, good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness

beauty, loveliness, grace, charm, splendour, lustre

the Good Genius or Fortune of a king personified (and often regarded as a rival of his queen), royal power, dominion, majesty

Hibiscus mutabilis
Hibiscus mutabilis#Translingual

name of various plants (Hibiscus mutabilis, Acacia polycantha (syn. Mimosa suma), turmeric etc.)

द्रव्य द्रव्य#Sanskrit

name of the wife of king Chandra-simha of Mithila and patroness of various authors


आशु

āśú (romanization)
आशुः (nominative singular)
आशू (dual nominative)
आशवः (nominative plural)
आशो (singular vocative)
आशू (dual vocative)
आशवः (plural vocative)
आशुम् (accusative singular)
आशू (accusative dual)
आशून् (accusative plural)
आशुना (instrumental singular)
आश्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आशुभिः (instrumental plural)
आशवे (dative singular)
आश्वे1 (dative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आशुभ्यः (dative plural)
आशोः (ablative singular)
आश्वः1 (ablative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आशुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आशोः (genitive singular)
आश्वः1 (genitive singular)
आश्वोः (dual genitive)
आशूनाम् (genitive plural)
आशौ (locative singular)
आश्वोः (dual locative)
आशुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHśúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHćúš (“quick, fast, swift”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁oh₁-ḱú-s, from *HéHḱus (“quick”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬯𐬎 (āsu, “fast, quick”), Latin ocior (“id”), Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkús, “id”), Welsh diog (“lazy”, literally “not quick”).


आशु

āśú (romanization)
आशुः (nominative singular)
आशू (dual nominative)
आशवः (nominative plural)
आशो (singular vocative)
आशू (dual vocative)
आशवः (plural vocative)
आशुम् (accusative singular)
आशू (accusative dual)
आशून् (accusative plural)
आशुना (instrumental singular)
आश्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आशुभिः (instrumental plural)
आशवे (dative singular)
आश्वे1 (dative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आशुभ्यः (dative plural)
आशोः (ablative singular)
आश्वः1 (ablative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आशुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आशोः (genitive singular)
आश्वः1 (genitive singular)
आश्वोः (dual genitive)
आशूनाम् (genitive plural)
आशौ (locative singular)
आश्वोः (dual locative)
आशुषु (locative plural)
आशु (nominative singular)
आशुनी (dual nominative)
आशूनि (nominative plural)
आशु1 (nominative plural)
आशू1 (nominative plural)
आशु (singular vocative)
आशो (singular vocative)
आशुनी (dual vocative)
आशूनि (plural vocative)
आशु1 (plural vocative)
आशू1 (plural vocative)
आशु (accusative singular)
आशुनी (accusative dual)
आशूनि (accusative plural)
आशु1 (accusative plural)
आशू1 (accusative plural)
आशुना (instrumental singular)
आश्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आशुभिः (instrumental plural)
आशुने (dative singular)
आशवे1 (dative singular)
आश्वे1 (dative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आशुभ्यः (dative plural)
आशुनः (ablative singular)
आशोः1 (ablative singular)
आश्वः1 (ablative singular)
आशुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आशुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आशुनः (genitive singular)
आशोः1 (genitive singular)
आश्वः1 (genitive singular)
आशुनोः (dual genitive)
आशूनाम् (genitive plural)
आशुनि (locative singular)
आशौ1 (locative singular)
आशुनोः (dual locative)
आशुषु (locative plural)

Assamese: আহু (ahu)

rice ripening quickly in the rainy season


वृकतात्

From Proto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós (“dangerous”).


अभिधानम्

अभिधान अभिधान#Sanskrit

nominative/accusative singular of अभिधान (abhidhāna)


अवि

ávi (romanization)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीन् (accusative plural)
अविना (instrumental singular)
अव्या1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्यः1 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्यः1 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीः (accusative plural)
अव्या (instrumental singular)
अवी1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अव्यै2 (dative singular)
अवी1 (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्याः2 (ablative singular)
अव्यै3 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्याः2 (genitive singular)
अव्यै3 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अव्याम्2 (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háwiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwiš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Cognate with Latin ovis, Hittite 𒇻𒅖 (ḫāwis), and Old English eowu (whence English ewe).

sheep (mentioned with reference to its wool being used for the soma strainer)


अवि

ávi (romanization)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीन् (accusative plural)
अविना (instrumental singular)
अव्या1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्यः1 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्यः1 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)


अवि

ávi (romanization)
अविः (nominative singular)
अवी (dual nominative)
अवयः (nominative plural)
अवे (singular vocative)
अवी (dual vocative)
अवयः (plural vocative)
अविम् (accusative singular)
अवी (accusative dual)
अवीः (accusative plural)
अव्या (instrumental singular)
अवी1 (instrumental singular)
अविभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविभिः (instrumental plural)
अवये (dative singular)
अव्यै2 (dative singular)
अवी1 (dative singular)
अविभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविभ्यः (dative plural)
अवेः (ablative singular)
अव्याः2 (ablative singular)
अव्यै3 (ablative singular)
अविभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवेः (genitive singular)
अव्याः2 (genitive singular)
अव्यै3 (genitive singular)
अव्योः (dual genitive)
अवीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवौ (locative singular)
अव्याम्2 (locative singular)
अवा1 (locative singular)
अव्योः (dual locative)
अविषु (locative plural)


ऋच्

ṛ́c (romanization)
ऋक् (nominative singular)
ऋचौ (dual nominative)
ऋचा1 (dual nominative)
ऋचः (nominative plural)
ऋक् (singular vocative)
ऋचौ (dual vocative)
ऋचा1 (dual vocative)
ऋचः (plural vocative)
ऋचम् (accusative singular)
ऋचौ (accusative dual)
ऋचा1 (accusative dual)
ऋचः (accusative plural)
ऋचा (instrumental singular)
ऋग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋग्भिः (instrumental plural)
ऋचे (dative singular)
ऋग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋग्भ्यः (dative plural)
ऋचः (ablative singular)
ऋग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋचः (genitive singular)
ऋचोः (dual genitive)
ऋचाम् (genitive plural)
ऋचि (locative singular)
ऋचोः (dual locative)
ऋक्षु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ŕ̥kʷs, from *h₁erkʷ- (“to praise”). Cognate with Old Armenian երգ (erg, “song”), Tocharian A yärk, Tocharian B yarke (“worship, veneration”).

सामन् सामन्#Sanskrit

यजुस् यजुस्#Sanskrit

praise, verse, especially a sacred verse recited in praise of a deity (as opposed to the सामन् (sāman) or verses which were sung and to the यजुस् (yajus) or sacrificial words, formularies, and verses which were muttered)

ऋगयन

going through the Veda, study of the complete Veda

ऋग्ब्राह्मण

the Brāhmaṇa which belongs to the ̣Rgveda, the Aitareya-Brāhmaṇa

the collection of the ṛc verses, i.e. the Rigveda


वरुण

váruṇa (romanization)
वरुणः (nominative singular)
वरुणौ (dual nominative)
वरुणा1 (dual nominative)
वरुणाः (nominative plural)
वरुणासः1 (nominative plural)
वरुण (singular vocative)
वरुणौ (dual vocative)
वरुणा1 (dual vocative)
वरुणाः (plural vocative)
वरुणासः1 (plural vocative)
वरुणम् (accusative singular)
वरुणौ (accusative dual)
वरुणा1 (accusative dual)
वरुणान् (accusative plural)
वरुणेन (instrumental singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वरुणैः (instrumental plural)
वरुणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वरुणाय (dative singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वरुणेभ्यः (dative plural)
वरुणात् (ablative singular)
वरुणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वरुणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वरुणस्य (genitive singular)
वरुणयोः (dual genitive)
वरुणानाम् (genitive plural)
वरुणे (locative singular)
वरुणयोः (dual locative)
वरुणेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: বরুণ (borun)

→ Greek: Βαρούνα (Varoúna)

→ English: Varuna

→ Persian: وارونا

→ Gujarati: વરૂણ (varūṇ)

→ Armenian: Վարունա (Varuna)

→ Japanese: ヴァルナ

→ Kannada: ವರುಣ (varuṇa)

→ Khmer: ភិរុណ (phirun)

→ Korean: 바루나 (baruna)

→ Malayalam: വരുണൻ (varuṇaṉ)

→ Punjabi: ਵਰੁਣ (varuṇ)

→ Russian: Варуна (Varuna)

→ Tamil: வருணன் (varuṇaṉ)

→ Telugu: వరుణుడు (varuṇuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: พระพิรุณ

→ Thai: พระพิรุณ

→ Chinese: 伐樓拿 /伐楼拿

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwárunas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwárunas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wér-u-nos, from *h₁wer- (“broad”).

name of a particular magical formula recited over weapons

a tree of species Crateva adansonii ( <= Crataeva Roxburghii)


पुराण

purāṇá (romanization)
पुराणः (nominative singular)
पुराणौ (dual nominative)
पुराणाः (nominative plural)
पुराण (singular vocative)
पुराणौ (dual vocative)
पुराणाः (plural vocative)
पुराणम् (accusative singular)
पुराणौ (accusative dual)
पुराणान् (accusative plural)
पुराणेन (instrumental singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुराणैः (instrumental plural)
पुराणाय (dative singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुराणेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुराणात् (ablative singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुराणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुराणस्य (genitive singular)
पुराणयोः (dual genitive)
पुराणानाम् (genitive plural)
पुराणे (locative singular)
पुराणयोः (dual locative)
पुराणेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पुराण

पुराणाभ्याम्

पुराणाभ्याम्

पुराणाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पुराणाभ्याम्

पुराणाभ्याम्

पुराणाभ्याम्

/pu.ɾɑː.ɳɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hānás, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-o-nó-s, from *preh₂- (“before”). Cognate with Old Norse forn (“ancient”). See also पुरस् (puras, “before”), पुरा (purā, “formerly”).

a thing or event of the past, an ancient tale or legend, old traditional history


ब्रह्मन्

bráhman (romanization)
ब्रह्म (nominative singular)
ब्रह्मणी (dual nominative)
ब्रह्माणि (nominative plural)
ब्रह्म1 (nominative plural)
ब्रह्मा1 (nominative plural)
ब्रह्मन् (singular vocative)
ब्रह्म (singular vocative)
ब्रह्मणी (dual vocative)
ब्रह्माणि (plural vocative)
ब्रह्म1 (plural vocative)
ब्रह्मा1 (plural vocative)
ब्रह्म (accusative singular)
ब्रह्मणी (accusative dual)
ब्रह्माणि (accusative plural)
ब्रह्म1 (accusative plural)
ब्रह्मा1 (accusative plural)
ब्रह्मणा (instrumental singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्रह्मभिः (instrumental plural)
ब्रह्मणे (dative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (ablative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (genitive singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual genitive)
ब्रह्मणाम् (genitive plural)
ब्रह्मणि (locative singular)
ब्रह्मन्1 (locative singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual locative)
ब्रह्मसु (locative plural)

/ˈbɾɐɦ.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰŕ̥źʰ-ma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰŕ̥ȷ́ʰ-ma, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to become high, rise, elevate”) + *-mn̥.
Literally “growth”, “expansion”, “creation”, “development”, “swelling of the spirit or soul”. Cognate with Latin fortis. The Sanskrit root is बृह् (bṛh, “to increase”) + -मन् (-man), from the same Proto-Indo-European root above.
Alternatively, Mayrhofer prefers to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreǵʰ- and connect it to Old Norse bragr (“leader, prince”), whence Icelandic bragur (“poem; character”).
An older etymology presented the word as an exact cognate of Latin flāmen (“priest”); however, this is commonly considered spurious by modern authors.

inh

pious effusion or utterance, outpouring of the heart in worshipping the gods, prayer

the sacred word (as opp. to वाच् (vāc), the word of man), the Veda, a sacred text, a text or mantra used as a spell


ब्रह्मन्

brahmán (romanization)
ब्रह्मा (nominative singular)
ब्रह्माणौ (dual nominative)
ब्रह्माणा1 (dual nominative)
ब्रह्माणः (nominative plural)
ब्रह्मन् (singular vocative)
ब्रह्माणौ (dual vocative)
ब्रह्माणा1 (dual vocative)
ब्रह्माणः (plural vocative)
ब्रह्माणम् (accusative singular)
ब्रह्माणौ (accusative dual)
ब्रह्माणा1 (accusative dual)
ब्रह्मणः (accusative plural)
ब्रह्मणा (instrumental singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्रह्मभिः (instrumental plural)
ब्रह्मणे (dative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (ablative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (genitive singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual genitive)
ब्रह्मणाम् (genitive plural)
ब्रह्मणि (locative singular)
ब्रह्मन्1 (locative singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual locative)
ब्रह्मसु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: பிரமன் (piramaṉ)

→ Kannada: ಬೊಮ್ಮ (bomma)

/ˈbɾɐɦ.mɐn̪/

one who prays, a devout or religious man, a brahmin who is a knower of Vedic texts or spells, one versed in sacred knowledge

one of the 4 principal priests or Ritvijas


भाल

bhāla (romanization)
भालम् (nominative singular)
भाले (dual nominative)
भालानि (nominative plural)
भाला1 (nominative plural)
भाल (singular vocative)
भाले (dual vocative)
भालानि (plural vocative)
भाला1 (plural vocative)
भालम् (accusative singular)
भाले (accusative dual)
भालानि (accusative plural)
भाला1 (accusative plural)
भालेन (instrumental singular)
भालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भालैः (instrumental plural)
भालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भालाय (dative singular)
भालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भालेभ्यः (dative plural)
भालात् (ablative singular)
भालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भालस्य (genitive singular)
भालयोः (dual genitive)
भालानाम् (genitive plural)
भाले (locative singular)
भालयोः (dual locative)
भालेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: भाल (bhāl)

→ Marathi: भाळ (bhāḷ)

→ Tamil: பாலம் (pālam)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“light, bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”), Latin flavus (“yellow”), Russian бе́лый (bélyj), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (whence English bald). Related to भर्ग (bhárga).


गभस्ति

gábhasti (romanization)
गभस्तिः (nominative singular)
गभस्ती (dual nominative)
गभस्तयः (nominative plural)
गभस्ते (singular vocative)
गभस्ती (dual vocative)
गभस्तयः (plural vocative)
गभस्तिम् (accusative singular)
गभस्ती (accusative dual)
गभस्तीन् (accusative plural)
गभस्तिना (instrumental singular)
गभस्त्या1 (instrumental singular)
गभस्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गभस्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
गभस्तये (dative singular)
गभस्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गभस्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
गभस्तेः (ablative singular)
गभस्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गभस्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गभस्तेः (genitive singular)
गभस्त्योः (dual genitive)
गभस्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
गभस्तौ (locative singular)
गभस्ता1 (locative singular)
गभस्त्योः (dual locative)
गभस्तिषु (locative plural)

/ɡɐˈbʱɐs̪.t̪i/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gábʰastiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰábʰastiš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰébʰ-es-tis (“arm, hand”), from *gʰebʰ- (“to give”). Cognate with German geben, Dutch geven, Old English ġiefan (whence English yive). Compare also English give, from Old Norse gefa.


नमस्

námas (romanization)
नमः (nominative singular)
नमसी (dual nominative)
नमांसि (nominative plural)
नमः (singular vocative)
नमसी (dual vocative)
नमांसि (plural vocative)
नमः (accusative singular)
नमसी (accusative dual)
नमांसि (accusative plural)
नमसा (instrumental singular)
नमोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नमोभिः (instrumental plural)
नमसे (dative singular)
नमोभ्याम् (dative dual)
नमोभ्यः (dative plural)
नमसः (ablative singular)
नमोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नमोभ्यः (ablative plural)
नमसः (genitive singular)
नमसोः (dual genitive)
नमसाम् (genitive plural)
नमसि (locative singular)
नमसोः (dual locative)
नमःसु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀫𑁄 (ṇamo)

Pali: namo

→ Chinese: 南無 /南无

→ Japanese: 南無

→ Vietnamese: nam mô

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *námas (“homage, salutation”), from Proto-Indo-European *némos (“bowing”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬋 (nəmaŋhō), Sogdian [script needed] (namāč, “homage; prayer; reverence”), Persian نماز (namâz, “prayer, worship”), Ancient Greek νέμος (némos). The Sanskrit root is नम् (nam).

cog

नमो॑ म॒हद्भ्यो॒ नमो॑ अर्भ॒केभ्यो॒ नमो॒ युव॑भ्यो॒ नम॑ आशि॒नेभ्यः॑ ।
यजा॑म दे॒वान्यदि॑ श॒क्नवा॑म॒ मा ज्याय॑सः॒ शंस॒मा वृ॑क्षि देवाः ॥
námo mahádbhyo námo arbhakébhyo námo yúvabhyo náma āśinébhyaḥ.

Homage to the mighty and homage to the lesser [gods]; homage to the younger and homage to the elder [gods]!
Let us, if we have power, pay the gods worship: no better prayer than this, you gods, acknowledge.

yájāma devā́nyádi śaknávāma mā́ jyā́yasaḥ śáṃsamā́ vṛkṣi devāḥ.

इ॒मा ब्रह्मा॑णि॒ वर्ध॑ना॒श्विभ्यां॑ सन्तु॒ शंत॑मा ।
या तक्षा॑म॒ रथाँ॑ इ॒वावो॑चाम बृ॒हन्नमः॑ ॥
imā́ bráhmāṇi várdhanāśvíbhyāṃ santu śáṃtamā.
yā́ tákṣāma ráthām̐ ivā́vocāma bṛhánnámaḥ.

Which we have fashioned, even as chariots high homage have we spoken forth.

Most pleasing to the Aśvins be these prayers which magnify their might,

एवं कृत्वा नमस्तस्मै महादेवाय रंहसे ।

Having done thus, I [give] homage to the great god, Shiva.

evaṃ kṛtvā namastasmai mahādevāya raṃhase.

bow, obeisance, homage, adoration; greeting, salutation [with dative]

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Yāska, Naighaṇṭuka 2.7

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Yāska, Naighaṇṭuka 2.20


ऋक्ष

ṛ́kṣa (romanization)
ऋक्षः (nominative singular)
ऋक्षौ (dual nominative)
ऋक्षा1 (dual nominative)
ऋक्षाः (nominative plural)
ऋक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋक्ष (singular vocative)
ऋक्षौ (dual vocative)
ऋक्षा1 (dual vocative)
ऋक्षाः (plural vocative)
ऋक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋक्षम् (accusative singular)
ऋक्षौ (accusative dual)
ऋक्षा1 (accusative dual)
ऋक्षान् (accusative plural)
ऋक्षेण (instrumental singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋक्षैः (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षाय (dative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋक्षात् (ablative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋक्षस्य (genitive singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual genitive)
ऋक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
ऋक्षे (locative singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual locative)
ऋक्षेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ič̣

Phalura: iṇc̣

Torwali: ایِݜ (īṣ)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (riccha), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙 (accha), 𑀭𑀺𑀁𑀙 (riṃcha), 𑀭𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔 (rikkha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Hindustani:
Hindi: रीछ (rīch)
Urdu: ریچھ (rech)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Pahari-Potwari: رِچّھ (ricch)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਰਿੱਛ (riccha)
Shahmukhi script: رِچّھ (ricch)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: رِڇُ (richu)
Devanagari script: रिछु (richu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: रिहस (rihasa)
Modi script: 𑘨𑘱𑘮𑘭 (rihasa)
Marathi: रीस (rīs)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Gujarati: રીંછ (rī̃ch)
⇒ Romani: hirč

Garhwali: रिख (rikh)

Bengali: ঋক্ষ (rikkho)

Pali: accha
→ Sanskrit: अच्छ (accha)
→ Tamil: அச்சம் (accam)

→ Thai: ฤกษ์ (rə̂ək)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas
Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣa)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas (“bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos (“bear”). Cognate with Hittite 𒄯𒁖𒂵𒀸 (ḫartakkaš), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Ancient Greek ἄρκτος (árktos), Latin ursus.

etymon

मी॒ळ्हुष्म॑तीव पृथि॒वी परा॑हता॒ मद॑न्त्येत्य॒स्मदा।
ऋक्षो॒ न वो॑ मरुतः॒ शिमी॑वाँ॒ अमो॑ दु॒ध्रो गौरि॑व भीम॒युः॥
mīḷhúṣmatīva pṛthivī́ párāhatā mádantyetyasmádā́.

Earth, like a bounteous lady, liberal of her gifts, struck down and shaken, yet exultant, comes to us.
Impetuous as a bear, O Maruts, is your rush terrible as a dreadful bull.

ṛ́kṣo ná vo marutaḥ śímīvām̐ ámo dudhró gaúriva bhīmayúḥ.

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual