मषि

maṣi (romanization)
मषिः (nominative singular)
मषी (dual nominative)
मषयः (nominative plural)
मषे (singular vocative)
मषी (dual vocative)
मषयः (plural vocative)
मषिम् (accusative singular)
मषी (accusative dual)
मषीः (accusative plural)
मष्या (instrumental singular)
मषी1 (instrumental singular)
मषिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मषिभिः (instrumental plural)
मषये (dative singular)
मष्यै2 (dative singular)
मषी1 (dative singular)
मषिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मषिभ्यः (dative plural)
मषेः (ablative singular)
मष्याः2 (ablative singular)
मष्यै3 (ablative singular)
मषिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मषिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मषेः (genitive singular)
मष्याः2 (genitive singular)
मष्यै3 (genitive singular)
मष्योः (dual genitive)
मषीणाम् (genitive plural)
मषौ (locative singular)
मष्याम्2 (locative singular)
मषा1 (locative singular)
मष्योः (dual locative)
मषिषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: মসি (mośi), মসী (mośi)

→ Javanese: ꦩꦁꦱꦶ (mangsi)

→ Tamil: மஷ (maṣa)

→ Telugu: మసి (masi)

Oldest attestation in the Vedic Sanskrit compound मष्मषाकृ (maṣmaṣā́kṛ-, “to crush”, literally “to do 'mash-mash'”). It is an onomatopoeic word with parallels in many languages, eg English smash, German Matsch (“muck”), Finnish mäiskis (“splash”), Arabic مص (maṣṣa, “sip”).

powdered, burnt bone (used to make ink or eye makeup)

Nardostachys jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi#Translingual

Nardostachys jatamansi (used to obtain spikenard)


कलम

kalama (romanization)
कलमः (nominative singular)
कलमौ (dual nominative)
कलमा1 (dual nominative)
कलमाः (nominative plural)
कलमासः1 (nominative plural)
कलम (singular vocative)
कलमौ (dual vocative)
कलमा1 (dual vocative)
कलमाः (plural vocative)
कलमासः1 (plural vocative)
कलमम् (accusative singular)
कलमौ (accusative dual)
कलमा1 (accusative dual)
कलमान् (accusative plural)
कलमेन (instrumental singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलमैः (instrumental plural)
कलमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कलमाय (dative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलमात् (ablative singular)
कलमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलमस्य (genitive singular)
कलमयोः (dual genitive)
कलमानाम् (genitive plural)
कलमे (locative singular)
कलमयोः (dual locative)
कलमेषु (locative plural)

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra, iv, p.84, from the root √kal (“to sound”).

a sort of rice (sown in May and June and ripening in December or January)


कलम

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos, “reed”).


कलम

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kaḷ-.


सूत

ग्रामणी ग्रामणी#Sanskrit

क्षत्रिय क्षत्रिय#Sanskrit

ब्राह्मणी ब्राह्मणी#Sanskrit

शाश्वत शाश्वत#Sanskrit

शूद्र शूद्र#Sanskrit

क्षत्रिया क्षत्रिया#Sanskrit

लोमहर्षण लोमहर्षण#Sanskrit

व्यास व्यास#Sanskrit

charioteer, driver, groom, equerry, master of the horse (especially an attendant on a king who in earlier literature is often mentioned together with the ग्रामणी (grāma-ṇī́); in the epics also a royal herald or bard, whose business was to proclaim the heroic actions of the king and his ancestors, while he drove his chariot to battle, or on state occasions, and who had therefore to know by heart portions of the epic poems and ancient ballads; he is the son of a क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya) by a ब्राह्मणी (brāhmaṇī) or of a Brahman [accord. to शाश्वत (śāśvata) also of a शूद्र (śūdra)] and a क्षत्रिया (kṣatriyā); the most celebrated sūta was लोमहर्षण (loma-harṣaṇa) who was a pupil of व्यास (vyāsa))

विश्वामित्र विश्वामित्र#Sanskrit

name of a son of विश्वामित्र (viśvāmitra)


शिष्ट

sa-noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n

Prakrit:

Assamese: সিটা (xita)

Hindi: सीठा (sīṭhā)

desc

→ Hindi: शिष्ट (śiṣṭ)

→ Hindi: शिष्ट (śiṣṭ)

→ Malayalam: ശിഷ്ടം (śiṣṭaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: śiṣṭa

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śiṣṭás (“left over”), from *śiṣ- (“to remain”), of uncertain origin. Compare also Mari šište (“beeswax”), Mordvin šta (“beeswax”), inherited from a Proto-Indo-Aryan borrowing.

anything that remains or is left, remains, remnant


शिष्ट

sa-noun

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, m

Past passive participle of शास् (śās, “to teach”).


शिष्ट

शिष्ट • (śiṣṭá) stem, n


विद्युत्

vidyút (romanization)
विद्युत् (nominative singular)
विद्युतौ (dual nominative)
विद्युता1 (dual nominative)
विद्युतः (nominative plural)
विद्युत् (singular vocative)
विद्युतौ (dual vocative)
विद्युता1 (dual vocative)
विद्युतः (plural vocative)
विद्युतम् (accusative singular)
विद्युतौ (accusative dual)
विद्युता1 (accusative dual)
विद्युतः (accusative plural)
विद्युता (instrumental singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विद्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
विद्युते (dative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
विद्युतः (ablative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
विद्युतः (genitive singular)
विद्युतोः (dual genitive)
विद्युताम् (genitive plural)
विद्युति (locative singular)
विद्युतोः (dual locative)
विद्युत्सु (locative plural)
विद्युत् (nominative singular)
विद्युतौ (dual nominative)
विद्युता1 (dual nominative)
विद्युतः (nominative plural)
विद्युत् (singular vocative)
विद्युतौ (dual vocative)
विद्युता1 (dual vocative)
विद्युतः (plural vocative)
विद्युतम् (accusative singular)
विद्युतौ (accusative dual)
विद्युता1 (accusative dual)
विद्युतः (accusative plural)
विद्युता (instrumental singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विद्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
विद्युते (dative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
विद्युतः (ablative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
विद्युतः (genitive singular)
विद्युतोः (dual genitive)
विद्युताम् (genitive plural)
विद्युति (locative singular)
विद्युतोः (dual locative)
विद्युत्सु (locative plural)
विद्युत् (nominative singular)
विद्युती (dual nominative)
विद्युन्ति (nominative plural)
विद्युत् (singular vocative)
विद्युती (dual vocative)
विद्युन्ति (plural vocative)
विद्युत् (accusative singular)
विद्युती (accusative dual)
विद्युन्ति (accusative plural)
विद्युता (instrumental singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विद्युद्भिः (instrumental plural)
विद्युते (dative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (dative plural)
विद्युतः (ablative singular)
विद्युद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
विद्युद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
विद्युतः (genitive singular)
विद्युतोः (dual genitive)
विद्युताम् (genitive plural)
विद्युति (locative singular)
विद्युतोः (dual locative)
विद्युत्सु (locative plural)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼 (vijju)
Gujarati: વીજ (vīj)
Konkani: वीज (vīj̈)
Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘲𑘕𑘳 (vīju)
Marathi: वीज (vīj̈)

Pali: vijju

→ Khmer: វិជ្ជុ (vɨccuʼ)

→ Thai: วิชชุ (wít-chú)

Gujarati: વીજ (vīj)

→ Assamese: বিদ্যুৎ (biiddut)

→ Bengali: বিদ্যুৎ (biddut)

→ Hindi: विद्युत् (vidyut)

→ Kannada: ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ತು (vidyuttu)

→ Khmer: វិទ្យុ (vityuʼ)

→ Lao: ວິທະຍຸ (wi tha nyu)

→ Marathi: विद्युत (vidyut)

→ Odia: ବିଦ୍ୟୁତ (bidyuta)

→ Thai: วิทยุ (wít-tá-yú)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wi
Sanskrit वि- (vi-)
Proto-Indo-European *dyew-der.
Sanskrit द्युत् (dyut)
Sanskrit विद्युत् (vidyut)
वि- (vi-, “away, about, in different directions”) + द्युत् (dyut, “to shine, to flash forth”), an extension of the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew- (“to shine”).

etymon

द्युत्>shine

affix

प्र वाता॒ वान्ति॑ प॒तय॑न्ति वि॒द्युत॒ उदोष॑धी॒र्जिह॑ते॒ पिन्व॑ते॒ स्व॑:।
इरा॒ विश्व॑स्मै॒ भुव॑नाय जायते॒ यत्प॒र्जन्य॑: पृथि॒वीं रेत॒साव॑ति॥
prá vā́tā vā́nti patáyanti vidyúta údóṣadhīrjíhate pínvate svà:.

Forth burst the winds, down come the lightning-flashes: the plants shoot up, the realm of light is streaming.
Food springs abundant for all living creatures, when Parjanya quickens earth with moisture.

írā víśvasmai bhúvanāya jāyate yátparjánya: pṛthivī́ṃ rétasā́vati.

vijjullatā

विद्युल्लता (vidyullatā), विद्युल्लतिका (vidyullatikā, “forked lightning”) (compounded with लता (latā), लतिका (latikā, “creeper, vine”))

बिजुली

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (vijjuliā); Nepali


गाथा

gā́thā (romanization)
गै (root)
गाथा (nominative singular)
गाथे (dual nominative)
गाथाः (nominative plural)
गाथे (singular vocative)
गाथे (dual vocative)
गाथाः (plural vocative)
गाथाम् (accusative singular)
गाथे (accusative dual)
गाथाः (accusative plural)
गाथया (instrumental singular)
गाथा1 (instrumental singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गाथाभिः (instrumental plural)
गाथायै (dative singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गाथाभ्यः (dative plural)
गाथायाः (ablative singular)
गाथायै2 (ablative singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गाथाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गाथायाः (genitive singular)
गाथायै2 (genitive singular)
गाथयोः (dual genitive)
गाथानाम् (genitive plural)
गाथायाम् (locative singular)
गाथयोः (dual locative)
गाथासु (locative plural)

Assamese: গাথা (gatha)

Bengali: গাথা (gatha)

→ Malayalam: ഗാഥ (gātha)

Kalasha: ghọ̃

Marathi: गाथा (gāthā)

Odia: ଗାଥା (gāthā)

Pali: gāthā

→ Telugu: గాథ (gātha)

/ˈɡɑː.t̪ʰɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gáHtʰaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gáHtʰaH. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs”). The same PII root *gaH- gave the Sanskrit verb गायति (gāyati, “to sing”).

cog

सामन् सामन्#Sanskrit

यजुस् यजुस्#Sanskrit

आख्यान आख्यान#Sanskrit

verse, stanza (especially one which is neither ऋच् (ṛc), nor सामन् (sāman), nor यजुस् (yajus), a verse not belonging to the Vedas, but to the epic poetry of legends or आख्यान (ākhyāna)s, such as the Śunaḥśepa-ākhyāna or the Suparṇādhyāya)

ऋग्गाथा ऋग्गाथा#Sanskrit

ऋजुगाथ ऋजुगाथ#Sanskrit

यज्ञगाथा यज्ञगाथा#Sanskrit

any metre not enumerated in the regular treatises on prosody (compare ऋग्गाथा (ṛg-gāthā), ऋजुगाथ (ṛju-gātha), यज्ञगाथा (yajña-gāthā))


गाथ

gāthá (romanization)
गाथः (nominative singular)
गाथौ (dual nominative)
गाथाः (nominative plural)
गाथ (singular vocative)
गाथौ (dual vocative)
गाथाः (plural vocative)
गाथम् (accusative singular)
गाथौ (accusative dual)
गाथान् (accusative plural)
गाथेन (instrumental singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गाथैः (instrumental plural)
गाथाय (dative singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गाथेभ्यः (dative plural)
गाथात् (ablative singular)
गाथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गाथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गाथस्य (genitive singular)
गाथयोः (dual genitive)
गाथानाम् (genitive plural)
गाथे (locative singular)
गाथयोः (dual locative)
गाथेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of गाथ

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gaHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs”). The same PII root *gaH- gave गायति (gā́yati, “to sing”).

आस्थापयन्त युवतिं युवानः शुभे निमिश्लां विदथेषु पज्राम् ।
अर्को यद्वो मरुतो हविष्मान्गायद्गाथं सुतसोमो दुवस्यन् ॥
āsthāpayanta yuvatiṃ yuvānaḥ śubhe nimiślāṃ vidatheṣu pajrām.

Upon their car the young men set the Maiden wedded to glory, mighty in assemblies,
When your song, Maruts, rose, and, with oblation, the Soma-pourer sang his hymn in worship.

arko yadvo maruto haviṣmāngāyadgāthaṃ sutasomo duvasyan.

बभ्रवे नु स्वतवसेऽरुणाय दिविस्पृशे ।
सोमाय गाथमर्चत ॥
babhrave nu svatavaseʼruṇāya divispṛśe.

Sing a praise-song to Soma brown of hue, of independent might.
The Red, who reaches up to heaven.


अपभ्रंश

apabhraṃśá (romanization)
अपभ्रंशः (nominative singular)
अपभ्रंशौ (dual nominative)
अपभ्रंशा1 (dual nominative)
अपभ्रंशाः (nominative plural)
अपभ्रंशासः1 (nominative plural)
अपभ्रंश (singular vocative)
अपभ्रंशौ (dual vocative)
अपभ्रंशा1 (dual vocative)
अपभ्रंशाः (plural vocative)
अपभ्रंशासः1 (plural vocative)
अपभ्रंशम् (accusative singular)
अपभ्रंशौ (accusative dual)
अपभ्रंशा1 (accusative dual)
अपभ्रंशान् (accusative plural)
अपभ्रंशेन (instrumental singular)
अपभ्रंशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अपभ्रंशैः (instrumental plural)
अपभ्रंशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अपभ्रंशाय (dative singular)
अपभ्रंशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अपभ्रंशेभ्यः (dative plural)
अपभ्रंशात् (ablative singular)
अपभ्रंशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अपभ्रंशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अपभ्रंशस्य (genitive singular)
अपभ्रंशयोः (dual genitive)
अपभ्रंशानाम् (genitive plural)
अपभ्रंशे (locative singular)
अपभ्रंशयोः (dual locative)
अपभ्रंशेषु (locative plural)

/ɐ.pɐbʱ.ɾɐ̃.ɕɐ́/

/ɐ.pɐbʱˈɾɐ̃.ɕɐ/

From अप- (ápa-, “down, back”) + भ्रंश (bhraṃśá, “deviation”).

af

(grammar, linguistics) corrupted form of a word, corruption

(grammar, linguistics) ungrammatical language

(grammar, linguistics) the most corrupt of the Prakrit dialects


घृत

ghṛtá (romanization)
घृतम् (nominative singular)
घृते (dual nominative)
घृतानि (nominative plural)
घृता1 (nominative plural)
घृत (singular vocative)
घृते (dual vocative)
घृतानि (plural vocative)
घृता1 (plural vocative)
घृतम् (accusative singular)
घृते (accusative dual)
घृतानि (accusative plural)
घृता1 (accusative plural)
घृतेन (instrumental singular)
घृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घृतैः (instrumental plural)
घृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घृताय (dative singular)
घृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
घृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
घृतात् (ablative singular)
घृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घृतस्य (genitive singular)
घृतयोः (dual genitive)
घृतानाम् (genitive plural)
घृते (locative singular)
घृतयोः (dual locative)
घृतेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: giŕu

Kashmiri: گیێو (gyev)

Phalura: گھیڑ (ghīṛ)

Savi: giṛ

Shina: گِ (gi), گِیہ (gīh), گھِی (ghī)

Shumashti: gə̄t

Torwali: گھِیت (ghīt)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gíu

Pali: ghata

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia), 𑀖𑀬 (ghaya)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: घिउ (ghiu)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)

Braj: घी (ghī)

Domaaki: گری (giryu)

Hindustani:

Hindi: घी (ghī)
→ English: ghee

Urdu: گھی (ghī)

Romani: gir, giri, gres, khil

Lomavren: Քըլ (Kʻəl)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia)

Assamese: ঘিঁউ (ghĩu)

Bengali: ঘি (ghi)

Bihari: घ्यू (ghyū)

Bhojpuri: ghīv

Kaithi script: 𑂐𑂲𑂫

Devanagari script: घीव

Maithili: घी (ghī)

Rohingya: gíi

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: घिउ (ghiu)

Kumaoni: घ्यूँ (ghyū̃)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: घिउ (ghiu)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: घी (ghī), घिउ (ghiu)

Northwestern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: گھءو (ghiū)

desc

Punjabi: ਘਿਉ (ghiu), ਘੇ (ghe), ਘੇਵ (ghev), ਘੇਉ (gheu), ਘੇਓ (gheo)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: gihu

Arabic script: گِهُ

Devanagari script: गिहु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

⇒ Dhivehi: ގިތެއު (giteu)

Sinhalese: ගිය (giya)

⇒ Sinhalese: ගිතෙල් (gitel)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: ghī

Devanagari script: घी

Kannada script: ಘೀ

Latin script: ghi

Marathi: घी (ghī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)

Gujarati: ઘી (ghī)

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”). However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).

cog

ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥
evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.

The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.

tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam.


संहिता

saṃ-hitā (romanization)
संहिता (nominative singular)
संहिते (dual nominative)
संहिताः (nominative plural)
संहिते (singular vocative)
संहिते (dual vocative)
संहिताः (plural vocative)
संहिताम् (accusative singular)
संहिते (accusative dual)
संहिताः (accusative plural)
संहितया (instrumental singular)
संहिता1 (instrumental singular)
संहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संहिताभिः (instrumental plural)
संहितायै (dative singular)
संहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
संहिताभ्यः (dative plural)
संहितायाः (ablative singular)
संहितायै2 (ablative singular)
संहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संहिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
संहितायाः (genitive singular)
संहितायै2 (genitive singular)
संहितयोः (dual genitive)
संहितानाम् (genitive plural)
संहितायाम् (locative singular)
संहितयोः (dual locative)
संहितासु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪ɐ̃.ɦi.t̪ɑː/

(grammar) the junction or combination of letters according to euphonic rules (sandhi, but sometimes considered rather as the state preparatory to the actual junction than the junction itself)

a text treated according to euphonic rules (especially the real continuous text of the Vedas as formed out of the padas or separate words by proper phonetic changes); a Samhita

any methodically arranged collection of texts or verses

the force which holds together and supports the universe (a term applied to the Supreme Being according to some)


शस्त्र

śastrá (romanization)
शस्त्रम् (nominative singular)
शस्त्रे (dual nominative)
शस्त्राणि (nominative plural)
शस्त्र (singular vocative)
शस्त्रे (dual vocative)
शस्त्राणि (plural vocative)
शस्त्रम् (accusative singular)
शस्त्रे (accusative dual)
शस्त्राणि (accusative plural)
शस्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शस्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
शस्त्राय (dative singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शस्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
शस्त्रात् (ablative singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शस्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शस्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
शस्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
शस्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शस्त्रे (locative singular)
शस्त्रयोः (dual locative)
शस्त्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शस्त्र</i>

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

/ˈɕɐs̪.t̪ɾɐ/

स्तोम स्तोम#Sanskrit

invocation, praise (applied to any hymn recited either audibly or inaudibly, as opposed to स्तोम (stoma), which is sung, but especially the verses recited by the hotṛ and his assistant as an accompaniment to the grahas at the soma libation)


शस्त्र

śastrá (romanization)
शस्त्रः (nominative singular)
शस्त्रौ (dual nominative)
शस्त्राः (nominative plural)
शस्त्र (singular vocative)
शस्त्रौ (dual vocative)
शस्त्राः (plural vocative)
शस्त्रम् (accusative singular)
शस्त्रौ (accusative dual)
शस्त्रान् (accusative plural)
शस्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शस्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
शस्त्राय (dative singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
शस्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
शस्त्रात् (ablative singular)
शस्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शस्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शस्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
शस्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
शस्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
शस्त्रे (locative singular)
शस्त्रयोः (dual locative)
शस्त्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शस्त्र

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

→ Hindi: शस्त्र (śastra) (learned)

→ Odia: ଶସ୍ତ୍ର (śastra) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: śastra
→ Balinese: ᬲᬵᬲ᭄ᬢ᭄ᬭ (sastra, “arrow”)

→⇒ Telugu: శస్త్రము (śastramu)

→⇒ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਸਤਰ (śastar)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćastrám, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-tróm, from *ḱes- (“to cut”). Compare Latin castrō (“I prune”) (whence English castrate), Albanian thadër (“adze”).

/ˈɕɐs̪.t̪ɾɐ/


शस्त्र

sa-decl-noun

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

शस्त्राभ्याम्

/ˈɕɐs̪.t̪ɾɐ/

पाणिमुक्त पाणिमुक्त#Sanskrit

यन्त्रमुक्त यन्त्रमुक्त#Sanskrit

मुक्तामुक्त मुक्तामुक्त#Sanskrit

अमुक्त अमुक्त#Sanskrit

an instrument for cutting or wounding, knife, sword, dagger, any weapon (even applied to an arrow Bhat2t2.; weapons are said to be of four kinds, पाणिमुक्त (pāṇi-mukta), यन्त्रमुक्त (yantra-mukta), मुक्तामुक्त (muktā*mukta), and अमुक्त (amukta))


उद्गातृ

ud-gātṛ́ (romanization)
उद्गाता (nominative singular)
उद्गातारौ (dual nominative)
उद्गातारा1 (dual nominative)
उद्गातारः (nominative plural)
उद्गातः (singular vocative)
उद्गातारौ (dual vocative)
उद्गातारा1 (dual vocative)
उद्गातारः (plural vocative)
उद्गातारम् (accusative singular)
उद्गातारौ (accusative dual)
उद्गातारा1 (accusative dual)
उद्गातॄन् (accusative plural)
उद्गात्रा (instrumental singular)
उद्गातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्गातृभिः (instrumental plural)
उद्गात्रे (dative singular)
उद्गातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्गातृभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्गातुः (ablative singular)
उद्गातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्गातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्गातुः (genitive singular)
उद्गात्रोः (dual genitive)
उद्गातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
उद्गातरि (locative singular)
उद्गात्रोः (dual locative)
उद्गातृषु (locative plural)

/ud̪ˈɡɑː.t̪r̩/

[ud̪̚ˈɡɑː.t̪r̩]

उद्- (ud-, “out, forth”) + गातृ (gātṛ, “singer”), from Proto-Indo-European *geH-tōr.

af

उ॒द्गा॒तेव॑ शकुने॒ साम॑ गायसि ब्रह्मपु॒त्र इ॑व॒ सव॑नेषु शंससि।
वृषे॑व वा॒जी शिशु॑मतीर॒पीत्या॑ स॒र्वतो॑ नः शकुने भ॒द्रमा व॑द वि॒श्वतो॑ नः शकुने॒ पुण्य॒मा व॑द॥
udgātéva śakune sā́ma gāyasi brahmaputrá iva sávaneṣu śaṃsasi.

Thou like the chanter-priest chantest the holy song, O Bird; thou singest at libations like a Brahman's son.
Even as a vigorous horse when he comes near the mare, announce to us good fortune, Bird, on every side, proclaim in all directions happy luck, O Bird.

vṛ́ṣeva vājī́ śíśumatīrapī́tyā sarváto naḥ śakune bhadrámā́ vada viśváto naḥ śakune púṇyamā́ vada.

one of the four chief-priests (namely the one who chants the hymns of the Samaveda), chanter


अध्वर्यु

adhvaryú (romanization)
अध्वर्युः (nominative singular)
अध्वर्यू (dual nominative)
अध्वर्यवः (nominative plural)
अध्वर्यो (singular vocative)
अध्वर्यू (dual vocative)
अध्वर्यवः (plural vocative)
अध्वर्युम् (accusative singular)
अध्वर्यू (accusative dual)
अध्वर्यून् (accusative plural)
अध्वर्युणा (instrumental singular)
अध्वर्य्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अध्वर्युभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अध्वर्युभिः (instrumental plural)
अध्वर्यवे (dative singular)
अध्वर्युभ्याम् (dative dual)
अध्वर्युभ्यः (dative plural)
अध्वर्योः (ablative singular)
अध्वर्युभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अध्वर्युभ्यः (ablative plural)
अध्वर्योः (genitive singular)
अध्वर्य्वोः (dual genitive)
अध्वर्यूणाम् (genitive plural)
अध्वर्यौ (locative singular)
अध्वर्य्वोः (dual locative)
अध्वर्युषु (locative plural)

/ɐdʱ.ʋɐɾ.jú/

/ɐd̪ʱˈʋɐɾ.ju/

अध्वर अध्वर#Sanskrit

उद्गातृ उद्गातृ#Sanskrit

ब्रह्मन् ब्रह्मन्#Sanskrit

a priest of a particular class (as distinguished from the होतृ (hotṛ), the उद्गातृ (udgātṛ), and the ब्रह्मन् (brahman) classes. The adhvaryu priests "had to measure the ground, to build the altar, to prepare the sacrificial vessels, to fetch wood and water, to light the fire, to bring the animal and immolate it"; whilst engaged in these duties, they had to repeat the hymns of the Yajurveda, hence that veda itself is also called adhvaryu)

(in the plural) the adherents of the Yajurveda


स्मृति

smṛ́ti (romanization)
स्मृतिः (nominative singular)
स्मृती (dual nominative)
स्मृतयः (nominative plural)
स्मृते (singular vocative)
स्मृती (dual vocative)
स्मृतयः (plural vocative)
स्मृतिम् (accusative singular)
स्मृती (accusative dual)
स्मृतीः (accusative plural)
स्मृत्या (instrumental singular)
स्मृती1 (instrumental singular)
स्मृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्मृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
स्मृतये (dative singular)
स्मृत्यै2 (dative singular)
स्मृती1 (dative singular)
स्मृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्मृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
स्मृतेः (ablative singular)
स्मृत्याः2 (ablative singular)
स्मृत्यै3 (ablative singular)
स्मृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्मृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्मृतेः (genitive singular)
स्मृत्याः2 (genitive singular)
स्मृत्यै3 (genitive singular)
स्मृत्योः (dual genitive)
स्मृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
स्मृतौ (locative singular)
स्मृत्याम्2 (locative singular)
स्मृता1 (locative singular)
स्मृत्योः (dual locative)
स्मृतिषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: স্মৃতি (smriti)

→ Hindi: सुरत (surat), स्मृति (smŕti)

→ Marathi: स्मृती (smŕtī)

smṛtim api te na yānt

remembrance, reminiscence, thinking of or upon (+locative or compound), memory, calling to mind

व्यभिचारिभाव व्यभिचारिभाव#Sanskrit

memory as one of the व्यभिचारिभाव (vyabhicāri-bhāva)

अङ्गिरस् अङ्गिरस्#Sanskrit

Memory (personified either as the daughter of दक्ष (dakṣa) and wife of अङ्गिरस् (aṅgiras) or as the daughter of धर्म (dharma) and मेधा (medhā))

श्रुति श्रुति#Sanskrit

the whole body of sacred tradition or what is remembered by human teachers (in contradistinction to श्रुति (śruti) or what is directly heard or revealed to the rishis)

the whole body of codes of law as handed down memoriter or by tradition (especially the codes of Manu Yājñavalkya and the 16 succeeding inspired lawgivers)

symbolical name for the number 18 (from the 18 lawgivers above)

स्पृहा स्पृहा#Sanskrit


मूषक

mūṣaka (romanization)
मूषकः (nominative singular)
मूषकौ (dual nominative)
मूषका1 (dual nominative)
मूषकाः (nominative plural)
मूषकासः1 (nominative plural)
मूषक (singular vocative)
मूषकौ (dual vocative)
मूषका1 (dual vocative)
मूषकाः (plural vocative)
मूषकासः1 (plural vocative)
मूषकम् (accusative singular)
मूषकौ (accusative dual)
मूषका1 (accusative dual)
मूषकान् (accusative plural)
मूषकेण (instrumental singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मूषकैः (instrumental plural)
मूषकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मूषकाय (dative singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मूषकेभ्यः (dative plural)
मूषकात् (ablative singular)
मूषकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मूषकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मूषकस्य (genitive singular)
मूषकयोः (dual genitive)
मूषकाणाम् (genitive plural)
मूषके (locative singular)
मूषकयोः (dual locative)
मूषकेषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: మూషకము (mūṣakamu)

From मूष् (mūṣ, “to steal, rob, plunder", literally "mouse”) + -अक (-aka).

करविरक करविरक#Sanskrit

a particular part of the face (= करविरक (kara-viraka))


आखु

ākhú (romanization)
आखुः (nominative singular)
आखू (dual nominative)
आखवः (nominative plural)
आखो (singular vocative)
आखू (dual vocative)
आखवः (plural vocative)
आखुम् (accusative singular)
आखू (accusative dual)
आखून् (accusative plural)
आखुना (instrumental singular)
आख्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आखुभिः (instrumental plural)
आखवे (dative singular)
आख्वे1 (dative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आखुभ्यः (dative plural)
आखोः (ablative singular)
आख्वः1 (ablative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आखुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आखोः (genitive singular)
आख्वः1 (genitive singular)
आख्वोः (dual genitive)
आखूनाम् (genitive plural)
आखौ (locative singular)
आख्वोः (dual locative)
आखुषु (locative plural)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


आखु

ākhu (romanization)
आखुः (nominative singular)
आखू (dual nominative)
आखवः (nominative plural)
आखो (singular vocative)
आखू (dual vocative)
आखवः (plural vocative)
आखुम् (accusative singular)
आखू (accusative dual)
आखूः (accusative plural)
आख्वा (instrumental singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आखुभिः (instrumental plural)
आखवे (dative singular)
आख्वै1 (dative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आखुभ्यः (dative plural)
आखोः (ablative singular)
आख्वाः1 (ablative singular)
आख्वै2 (ablative singular)
आखुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आखुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आखोः (genitive singular)
आख्वाः1 (genitive singular)
आख्वै2 (genitive singular)
आख्वोः (dual genitive)
आखूनाम् (genitive plural)
आखौ (locative singular)
आख्वाम्1 (locative singular)
आख्वोः (dual locative)
आखुषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: ఆఖువు (ākhuvu)

→ Tocharian B: ākhu


गिरिका

girikā (romanization)
गिरिका (nominative singular)
गिरिके (dual nominative)
गिरिकाः (nominative plural)
गिरिके (singular vocative)
गिरिके (dual vocative)
गिरिकाः (plural vocative)
गिरिकाम् (accusative singular)
गिरिके (accusative dual)
गिरिकाः (accusative plural)
गिरिकया (instrumental singular)
गिरिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गिरिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
गिरिकायै (dative singular)
गिरिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गिरिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
गिरिकायाः (ablative singular)
गिरिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गिरिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गिरिकायाः (genitive singular)
गिरिकयोः (dual genitive)
गिरिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
गिरिकायाम् (locative singular)
गिरिकयोः (dual locative)
गिरिकासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of गिरिका

गिरिकाभ्याम्

गिरिकाभ्याम्

गिरिकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

गिरिकाभ्याम्

गिरिकाभ्याम्

गिरिकाभ्याम्


वेणु

veṇú (romanization)
वेणुः (nominative singular)
वेणू (dual nominative)
वेणवः (nominative plural)
वेणो (singular vocative)
वेणू (dual vocative)
वेणवः (plural vocative)
वेणुम् (accusative singular)
वेणू (accusative dual)
वेणून् (accusative plural)
वेणुना (instrumental singular)
वेणुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेणुभिः (instrumental plural)
वेणवे (dative singular)
वेणुभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेणुभ्यः (dative plural)
वेणोः (ablative singular)
वेणुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेणुभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेणोः (genitive singular)
वेण्वोः (dual genitive)
वेणूनाम् (genitive plural)
वेणौ (locative singular)
वेण्वोः (dual locative)
वेणुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine u-stem declension of वेणु

Pali: veṇu (“bamboo (in compounds)”)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑁂𑀡𑀼 (veṇu)

Southern:

Dhivehi: އޮނު (onu, “bamboo, flute”)

Sinhalese: උණ (uṇa, “bamboo”)

Eastern:

desc

Odia: ବେଣୁଆ (beṇuā, “a slender species of bamboo”)

Central:

Gujarati: વેણ (veṇ, “flute”)

Hindi: बेन (ben, “reed, bamboo, pipe”)

Compare the cognates listed at Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “pipe-shaped instrument”).

cog

शतजित् शतजित्#Sanskrit


स्वेद

svéda (romanization)
स्वेदः (nominative singular)
स्वेदौ (dual nominative)
स्वेदा1 (dual nominative)
स्वेदाः (nominative plural)
स्वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वेद (singular vocative)
स्वेदौ (dual vocative)
स्वेदा1 (dual vocative)
स्वेदाः (plural vocative)
स्वेदासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वेदम् (accusative singular)
स्वेदौ (accusative dual)
स्वेदा1 (accusative dual)
स्वेदान् (accusative plural)
स्वेदेन (instrumental singular)
स्वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वेदैः (instrumental plural)
स्वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वेदाय (dative singular)
स्वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वेदात् (ablative singular)
स्वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वेदस्य (genitive singular)
स्वेदयोः (dual genitive)
स्वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वेदे (locative singular)
स्वेदयोः (dual locative)
स्वेदेषु (locative plural)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁂𑀅 (sea), 𑀲𑁂𑀤 (seda)

Pali: seda

→ Telugu: స్వేదము (svēdamu)

/ˈs̪ʋeː.d̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáydas (“sweat”), from Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬉𐬜𐬀 (xᵛaēδa), Persian خوی (xway), Latvian sviedri, Latin sūdor, Ancient Greek ἱδρώς (hidrṓs), Old Armenian քիրտն (kʻirtn), Tocharian B syā-, Old English swāt (whence English sweat).

प्रथिष्ट यामन्पृथिवी चिदेषां भर्तेव गर्भं स्वमिच्छवो धुः।
वातान्ह्यश्वान्धुर्यायुयुज्रे वर्षं स्वेदं चक्रिरे रुद्रियासः॥
prathiṣṭa yāmanpṛthivī cideṣāṃ bharteva garbhaṃ svamicchavo dhuḥ.

Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and they as husbands have with power impregned her.
They to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers: their sweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.

vātānhyaśvāndhuryāyuyujre varṣaṃ svedaṃ cakrire rudriyāsaḥ.


कुण्डलिनी

kuṇḍalinī (romanization)
कुण्डलिनी (nominative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual nominative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (nominative plural)
कुण्डलिनि (singular vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (dual vocative)
कुण्डलिन्यः (plural vocative)
कुण्डलिनीम् (accusative singular)
कुण्डलिन्यौ (accusative dual)
कुण्डलिनीः (accusative plural)
कुण्डलिन्या (instrumental singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुण्डलिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
कुण्डलिन्यै (dative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (ablative singular)
कुण्डलिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुण्डलिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुण्डलिन्याः (genitive singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual genitive)
कुण्डलिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
कुण्डलिन्याम् (locative singular)
कुण्डलिन्योः (dual locative)
कुण्डलिनीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of कुण्डलिनी

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभिः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिन्योः

कुण्डलिनीनाम्

कुण्डलिन्याम्

कुण्डलिन्योः

sa-decl-noun/cell

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभिः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिनीभ्याम्

कुण्डलिनीभ्यः

कुण्डलिन्याः

कुण्डलिन्योः

कुण्डलिनीनाम्

कुण्डलिन्याम्

कुण्डलिन्योः

Feminine of कुण्डलिन् (kuṇḍalin), from कुण्डल (kuṇḍala, “ring”) + -इन् (-in).

(botany) Cocculus cordifolius ⇒ moonseed

a particular dish (curds boiled with ghee and rice)


मण्डल

मण्ड॑ल (canonical)
máṇḍala (romanization)
मण्डलम् (nominative singular)
मण्डले (dual nominative)
मण्डलानि (nominative plural)
मण्डला1 (nominative plural)
मण्डल (singular vocative)
मण्डले (dual vocative)
मण्डलानि (plural vocative)
मण्डला1 (plural vocative)
मण्डलम् (accusative singular)
मण्डले (accusative dual)
मण्डलानि (accusative plural)
मण्डला1 (accusative plural)
मण्डलेन (instrumental singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मण्डलैः (instrumental plural)
मण्डलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मण्डलाय (dative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मण्डलात् (ablative singular)
मण्डलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मण्डलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मण्डलस्य (genitive singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual genitive)
मण्डलानाम् (genitive plural)
मण्डले (locative singular)
मण्डलयोः (dual locative)
मण्डलेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: māṇḍal (“coffin”), māṇḍau

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: مانڈُل (mānḍul)

desc

Devanagari script: मन्डुल (manḍul, “circle”)

Pali: maṇḍala

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀟𑀮 (maṃḍala) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: মণ্ডল (monḍol) (learned)

→ Hindi: मंडल (maṇḍal) (learned)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: maṇḍala
Javanese: ꦩꦤ꧀ꦝꦭ (mandhala), ꦩꦤ꧀ꦢꦭ (mandala)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬡ᭄ᬟᬮ (mandala)

→ Punjabi: ਮੰਡਲ (maṇḍal) (learned)

→ Tamil: மண்டலம் (maṇṭalam) (learned)

→ Thai: มณฑล (mon-ton)

/mɐ́ɳ.ɖɐ.lɐ/

/ˈmɐɳ.ɖɐ.l̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit *मण्ड (maṇḍa)?
Sanskrit -ल (-la)?
Sanskrit मण्ड॑ल (máṇḍala)
Unknown. Several theories have been proposed:
* Mayrhofer and Turner agree on *मण्ड (maṇḍa, “round”) + -ल (-la), based on the lexeme found in the Classical compounds नौमण्ड (naumaṇḍa, “chief part of a ship”), मण्डचरवन्त् (maṇḍacaravant, “as if going in a circle; having a noose (?)”). Further etymology is unknown, but Dardic descendants may support a non-retroflexed *मन्द (manda) as the ultimate source.
** Mayrhofer proposes the following Indo-European cognates: Proto-Slavic *mǫdo (“testicle”) if the retroflexion is spontaneous, or Old Irish mell (“ball”) (> modern Irish meall) if we assume l-induced retroflexion of *mel-nd- under Fortunatov's law.
** Burrow, later supported by Turner, proposes borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *maṇḍ- (“to be bent”), with cognates Tamil மண்டி (maṇṭi, “kneeling”), முடலை (muṭalai, “ball, globe”).
* Tedesco proposes वृत्त (vṛtta, “round”) + -ल (-la), undergoing Prakrit-like sound changes via ad-hoc intermediate *वट्टल (vaṭṭala) > *वण्टल (vaṇṭala) > *वण्डल (vaṇḍala). He furthermore proposes initial v- > m- as a common Middle Indo-Aryan sound change; see मुण्ड (muṇḍa, “bald”) for more. Turner rejects this etymology on phonological grounds.
* Borrowed from substrate language. Compare Nihali मौड्ढारी (moḍḍhārī, “triangle”), for the "triangle" sense in the Caturvargacintāmaṇi.

etymon

मण्ड॑ल

(rarely m) disk (especially of the sun or moon)

मण्डलेन

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

circle, globe, orb, ring, circumference, ball, wheel

c. 400 CE, Lāṭadeva, Sūryasiddhānta

(astronomy) the path or orbit of a heavenly body

550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā

(also in the plural) a sort of cutaneous eruption or leprosy with circular spot

Lāṭyāyana, Lāṭyāyana-śrauta-sūtra

c. 300 BCE, Kātyāyana, Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra

round mole or mark (caused by a fingernail etc.) on the body

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Kām

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

(geography) district, arrondissement, territory, province, country

maṇḍalin

मण्डलिन् (maṇḍalin, “chief, leader”, literally “possessor of the territory”)

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 7.154

Yājñ

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

mandala (a surrounding district or neighbouring state; the circle consisting of a ruler's near and distant neighbours)

a multitude, group, band, collection, whole body, society, company

mandala (division of the book of the Rigveda)


पवमान

pávamāna (romanization)
पवमानः (nominative singular)
पवमानौ (dual nominative)
पवमाना1 (dual nominative)
पवमानाः (nominative plural)
पवमानासः1 (nominative plural)
पवमान (singular vocative)
पवमानौ (dual vocative)
पवमाना1 (dual vocative)
पवमानाः (plural vocative)
पवमानासः1 (plural vocative)
पवमानम् (accusative singular)
पवमानौ (accusative dual)
पवमाना1 (accusative dual)
पवमानान् (accusative plural)
पवमानेन (instrumental singular)
पवमानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पवमानैः (instrumental plural)
पवमानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पवमानाय (dative singular)
पवमानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पवमानेभ्यः (dative plural)
पवमानात् (ablative singular)
पवमानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पवमानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पवमानस्य (genitive singular)
पवमानयोः (dual genitive)
पवमानानाम् (genitive plural)
पवमाने (locative singular)
पवमानयोः (dual locative)
पवमानेषु (locative plural)

/pɐ.ʋɐˈmɑː.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *péwH-e-mh₁no-s, mediopassive participle of *pewH- (“to purify”).

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

स्वाहा स्वाहा#Sanskrit

अन्तर्धान अन्तर्धान#Sanskrit

शिखण्डिनी शिखण्डिनी#Sanskrit

name of a particular अग्नि (agni) (associated with पावक (pāvaka) and शुचि (śuci) and also regarded as a son of अग्नि (agni) by स्वाहा (svāhā) or of अन्तर्धान (antar-dhāna) and by शिखण्डिनी (śikhaṇḍinī))

ज्योतिष्टोम ज्योतिष्टोम#Sanskrit

बहिष्पवमान बहिष्पवमान#Sanskrit

माध्यंदिन माध्यंदिन#Sanskrit

तृतीय तृतीय#Sanskrit

आर्भव आर्भव#Sanskrit

name of particular stotras sung by the सामग (sāma-ga) at the ज्योतिष्टोम (jyotiṣṭoma) sacrifice (they are called successively at the 3 savanas बहिष्पवमान (bahiṣpavamā*na), माध्यंदिन (mādhyaṃdina) and तृतीय (tṛtīya) or आर्भव (ārbhava))

शाकद्वीप शाकद्वीप#Sanskrit

name of a prince and the वर्ष (varṣa) in शाकद्वीप (śāka-dvīpa) ruled by him


काल

kāla (romanization)
कालः (nominative singular)
कालौ (dual nominative)
काला1 (dual nominative)
कालाः (nominative plural)
कालासः1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
कालौ (dual vocative)
काला1 (dual vocative)
कालाः (plural vocative)
कालासः1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
कालौ (accusative dual)
काला1 (accusative dual)
कालान् (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).


काल

kāla (romanization)
कालम् (nominative singular)
काले (dual nominative)
कालानि (nominative plural)
काला1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
काले (dual vocative)
कालानि (plural vocative)
काला1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
काले (accusative dual)
कालानि (accusative plural)
काला1 (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

a black kind of agarwood from Agallochum (now Aquilaria)

कक्कोलक कक्कोलक#Sanskrit


काल

kālá (romanization)
कालः (nominative singular)
कालौ (dual nominative)
काला1 (dual nominative)
कालाः (nominative plural)
कालासः1 (nominative plural)
काल (singular vocative)
कालौ (dual vocative)
काला1 (dual vocative)
कालाः (plural vocative)
कालासः1 (plural vocative)
कालम् (accusative singular)
कालौ (accusative dual)
काला1 (accusative dual)
कालान् (accusative plural)
कालेन (instrumental singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालैः (instrumental plural)
कालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कालाय (dative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालात् (ablative singular)
कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालस्य (genitive singular)
कालयोः (dual genitive)
कालानाम् (genitive plural)
काले (locative singular)
कालयोः (dual locative)
कालेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: kâl

Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ

Kalami: kāl

Kalasha: kau, kālūna

Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)

Khowar: کل (kala)

Pashayi:

Northeast Pashayi: kōl

Northwest Pashayi: kāl

Shina: کال (kāl)

Shumashti: kāl

Tirahi: kāl

Torwali: کال (kāl)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: kal

⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl

⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl

⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal

Waigali: kāl

Pali: kāla

→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla) (see there for further descendants)

→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala

→ Malay: kala

Indonesian: kala

→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)

→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)

Of uncertain origin.
Perhaps an l-form of कार (kāra, “action”), taking "decisive action" as the connotation.
Alternatively, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”); compare Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”) for a parallel semantic development from an earlier "turn" meaning (albeit from a different root).
Hirt compares this to Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), while Güntert compares this to Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), and takes the l-consonant in काल (kāla) as a preservation of a dialectal form in order to distinguish from कार (kāra).
Probably not a vṛddhi derivative of the root कल् (kal, “to calculate or enumerate”).

cog

a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time (in general)

उ॒त प्र॒हाम॑ति॒दीव्या॑ जयाति कृ॒तं यच्छ्व॒घ्नी वि॑चि॒नोति॑ का॒ले ।
यो दे॒वका॑मो॒ न धना॑ रुणद्धि॒ समित्तं रा॒या सृ॑जति स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥
utá prahā́matidī́vyā jayāti kṛtáṃ yácchvaghnī́ vicinóti kālé.

Having driven away the assailant, he triumphs; at the time of battle he selects his antagonist as does a gambler. The man who, desirous of gratifying the gods, withholds not his riches, him the powerful Indra associates with wealth.

yó devákāmo ná dhánā ruṇaddhi sámíttáṃ rāyā́ sṛjati svadhā́vān.

the proper time or season for (+genitive, dative, locative, in compound, infinitive, or subjunctive with यद् (yad)

a period of time, time of the world (युग (yuga))

time (as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man), destiny, fate

कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।
ऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥
kāloʼsmi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ.

I am mighty time, the source of destruction that comes forth to annihilate the worlds.
Even without your participation, the warriors arrayed in the opposing army shall cease to exist.

ṛteʼpi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve yeʼvasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ.

time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of Yama, regent of the dead, or even identified with him

देवर्षि देवर्षि#Sanskrit

Kāla, personified is also a देवर्षि (devarṣi) in Indra's court, and a son of Dhruva


वैश्वानर

vaiśvānará (romanization)
वैश्वानरः (nominative singular)
वैश्वानरौ (dual nominative)
वैश्वानरा1 (dual nominative)
वैश्वानराः (nominative plural)
वैश्वानरासः1 (nominative plural)
वैश्वानर (singular vocative)
वैश्वानरौ (dual vocative)
वैश्वानरा1 (dual vocative)
वैश्वानराः (plural vocative)
वैश्वानरासः1 (plural vocative)
वैश्वानरम् (accusative singular)
वैश्वानरौ (accusative dual)
वैश्वानरा1 (accusative dual)
वैश्वानरान् (accusative plural)
वैश्वानरेण (instrumental singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैश्वानरैः (instrumental plural)
वैश्वानरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वैश्वानराय (dative singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैश्वानरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वैश्वानरात् (ablative singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैश्वानरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैश्वानरस्य (genitive singular)
वैश्वानरयोः (dual genitive)
वैश्वानराणाम् (genitive plural)
वैश्वानरे (locative singular)
वैश्वानरयोः (dual locative)
वैश्वानरेषु (locative plural)

/ʋɑːjɕ.ʋɑː.nɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ʋɑjɕˈʋɑː.n̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of विश्वानर (viśvā́nara).

vrd

name of Agni or Fire (Agni Vaiśvānara is regarded as the author of RV x, 79, 80)

अग्नि अग्नि#Sanskrit

(Vedanta) name of the Supreme Spirit or Intellect when located in a supposed collective aggregate of gross bodies

(in the plural) name of a family of rishis

a particular sacrifice performed at the beginning of every year


वैश्वानर

vaiśvānará (romanization)
वैश्वानरम् (nominative singular)
वैश्वानरे (dual nominative)
वैश्वानराणि (nominative plural)
वैश्वानरा1 (nominative plural)
वैश्वानर (singular vocative)
वैश्वानरे (dual vocative)
वैश्वानराणि (plural vocative)
वैश्वानरा1 (plural vocative)
वैश्वानरम् (accusative singular)
वैश्वानरे (accusative dual)
वैश्वानराणि (accusative plural)
वैश्वानरा1 (accusative plural)
वैश्वानरेण (instrumental singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैश्वानरैः (instrumental plural)
वैश्वानरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वैश्वानराय (dative singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैश्वानरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वैश्वानरात् (ablative singular)
वैश्वानराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैश्वानरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैश्वानरस्य (genitive singular)
वैश्वानरयोः (dual genitive)
वैश्वानराणाम् (genitive plural)
वैश्वानरे (locative singular)
वैश्वानरयोः (dual locative)
वैश्वानरेषु (locative plural)

→ English: Vaisnavara

/ʋɑːjɕ.ʋɑː.nɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ʋɑjɕˈʋɑː.n̪ɐ.ɾɐ/


तूलि

tūli (romanization)
तूलिः (nominative singular)
तूली (dual nominative)
तूलयः (nominative plural)
तूले (singular vocative)
तूली (dual vocative)
तूलयः (plural vocative)
तूलिम् (accusative singular)
तूली (accusative dual)
तूलीः (accusative plural)
तूल्या (instrumental singular)
तूलिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तूलिभिः (instrumental plural)
तूल्यै (dative singular)
तूलये (dative singular)
तूलिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तूलिभ्यः (dative plural)
तूल्याः (ablative singular)
तूलेः (ablative singular)
तूलिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तूलिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तूल्याः (genitive singular)
तूलेः (genitive singular)
तूल्योः (dual genitive)
तूलीनाम् (genitive plural)
तूल्याम् (locative singular)
तूलौ (locative singular)
तूल्योः (dual locative)
तूलिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of तूलि

तूल्यै / तूलये

तूल्याः / तूलेः

तूल्याः / तूलेः

तूल्याम् / तूलौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

तूल्याः / तूलेः

तूल्यै / तूलये

तूल्याः / तूलेः

तूल्याः / तूलेः

तूल्याम् / तूलौ


अचित्ति

á-citti (romanization)
अचित्तिः (nominative singular)
अचित्ती (dual nominative)
अचित्तयः (nominative plural)
अचित्ते (singular vocative)
अचित्ती (dual vocative)
अचित्तयः (plural vocative)
अचित्तिम् (accusative singular)
अचित्ती (accusative dual)
अचित्तीः (accusative plural)
अचित्त्या (instrumental singular)
अचित्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अचित्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
अचित्त्यै (dative singular)
अचित्तये (dative singular)
अचित्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अचित्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
अचित्त्याः (ablative singular)
अचित्तेः (ablative singular)
अचित्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अचित्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अचित्त्याः (genitive singular)
अचित्तेः (genitive singular)
अचित्त्योः (dual genitive)
अचित्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
अचित्त्याम् (locative singular)
अचित्तौ (locative singular)
अचित्त्योः (dual locative)
अचित्तिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of अचित्ति

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्यै / अचित्तये

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्याः / अचित्तेः

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्याः / अचित्तेः

अचित्त्याम् / अचित्तौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

अचित्त्याः / अचित्तेः

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्यै / अचित्तये

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्याः / अचित्तेः

अचित्तिभ्याम्

अचित्त्याः / अचित्तेः

अचित्त्याम् / अचित्तौ

want of sense, senselessness, infatuation

(figuratively said of) an infatuated man


वैबोधिक

vaibodhika (romanization)
वैबोधिकः (nominative singular)
वैबोधिकौ (dual nominative)
वैबोधिकाः (nominative plural)
वैबोधिक (singular vocative)
वैबोधिकौ (dual vocative)
वैबोधिकाः (plural vocative)
वैबोधिकम् (accusative singular)
वैबोधिकौ (accusative dual)
वैबोधिकान् (accusative plural)
वैबोधिकेन (instrumental singular)
वैबोधिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैबोधिकैः (instrumental plural)
वैबोधिकाय (dative singular)
वैबोधिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैबोधिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वैबोधिकात् (ablative singular)
वैबोधिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैबोधिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैबोधिकस्य (genitive singular)
वैबोधिकयोः (dual genitive)
वैबोधिकानाम् (genitive plural)
वैबोधिके (locative singular)
वैबोधिकयोः (dual locative)
वैबोधिकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of वैबोधिक

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकेभ्यः

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकेभ्यः

वैबोधिकानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकेभ्यः

वैबोधिकाभ्याम्

वैबोधिकेभ्यः

वैबोधिकानाम्

one who awakens (princes by announcing the time etc.), bard, panegyrist


विबोध

ví-bodha (romanization)
विबोधः (nominative singular)
विबोधौ (dual nominative)
विबोधाः (nominative plural)
विबोध (singular vocative)
विबोधौ (dual vocative)
विबोधाः (plural vocative)
विबोधम् (accusative singular)
विबोधौ (accusative dual)
विबोधान् (accusative plural)
विबोधेन (instrumental singular)
विबोधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विबोधैः (instrumental plural)
विबोधाय (dative singular)
विबोधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विबोधेभ्यः (dative plural)
विबोधात् (ablative singular)
विबोधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विबोधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विबोधस्य (genitive singular)
विबोधयोः (dual genitive)
विबोधानाम् (genitive plural)
विबोधे (locative singular)
विबोधयोः (dual locative)
विबोधेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of विबोध

विबोधाभ्याम्

विबोधाभ्याम्

विबोधाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

विबोधाभ्याम्

विबोधाभ्याम्

विबोधाभ्याम्

(in dramatic language) the unfolding of the faculties in carrying out an object

द्रोण द्रोण#Sanskrit


जुहू

juhū́ (romanization)
जुहूः (nominative singular)
जुह्वौ (dual nominative)
जुहू1 (dual nominative)
जुह्वः (nominative plural)
जुहूः1 (nominative plural)
जुहु (singular vocative)
जुह्वौ (dual vocative)
जुहू1 (dual vocative)
जुह्वः (plural vocative)
जुहूः1 (plural vocative)
जुहूम् (accusative singular)
जुह्वौ (accusative dual)
जुहू1 (accusative dual)
जुहूः (accusative plural)
जुह्वा (instrumental singular)
जुहूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जुहूभिः (instrumental plural)
जुह्वै (dative singular)
जुहूभ्याम् (dative dual)
जुहूभ्यः (dative plural)
जुह्वाः (ablative singular)
जुह्वै2 (ablative singular)
जुहूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जुहूभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुह्वाः (genitive singular)
जुह्वै2 (genitive singular)
जुह्वोः (dual genitive)
जुहूनाम् (genitive plural)
जुह्वाम् (locative singular)
जुह्वोः (dual locative)
जुहूषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́uźʰúHs, possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (whence जिह्वा (jihvā́)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

RV 1.58.4b
वि वातजूतो अतसेषु तिष्ठते वर्था जुहूभिः सर्ण्या तुविष्वणिः |
तर्षु यदग्ने वनिनो वर्षायसे कर्ष्णं त एम रुशदूर्मे अजर ||
vi vātajūto ataseṣu tiṣṭhate vṛthā juhūbhiḥ sṛṇyā tuviṣvaṇiḥ |
tṛṣu yadaghne vanino vṛṣāyase kṛṣṇaṃ ta ema ruśadūrme ajara ||
Urged by the wind be spreads through dry wood as he lists, armed with his tongues for sickles, with a mighty roar.
Black is thy path, Agni, changeless, with glittering waves! when like a bull thou rushest eager to the trees.

tongue (especially of Agni; 7 are named), flame

personified as wife of Brahmā and goddess of speech (author of RV. X, 109)

RV 10.21.3b
तवे धर्माण आसते जुहूभिः सिञ्चतीरिव |
कर्ष्णारूपाण्यर्जुना वि वो मदे विश्वा अधि शरियो धिषेविवक्षसे ||
tve dharmāṇa āsate juhūbhiḥ siñcatīriva |
kṛṣṇārūpāṇyarjunā vi vo made viśvā adhi śriyo dhiṣevivakṣase ||
The holy statutes rest by thee, as ’twere with ladles that o’erflow.
Black and white-gleaming colours,-at your glad carouse-all glories thou assurnest. Thou art waxing great.

a curved wooden ladle (for pouring sacrificial butter into fire)

that part of the frame enshrining the universal spirit which faces the east


साति

sātí (romanization)
सतिः (nominative singular)
सती (dual nominative)
सतयः (nominative plural)
सते (singular vocative)
सती (dual vocative)
सतयः (plural vocative)
सतिम् (accusative singular)
सती (accusative dual)
सतीः (accusative plural)
सत्या (instrumental singular)
सतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सतिभिः (instrumental plural)
सत्यै (dative singular)
सतये (dative singular)
सतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सतिभ्यः (dative plural)
सत्याः (ablative singular)
सतेः (ablative singular)
सतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सत्याः (genitive singular)
सतेः (genitive singular)
सत्योः (dual genitive)
सतीनाम् (genitive plural)
सत्याम् (locative singular)
सतौ (locative singular)
सत्योः (dual locative)
सतिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of साति

सत्यै / सतये

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याम् / सतौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्यै / सतये

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याम् / सतौ

RV 1.102.5c
नाना हि तवा हवमाना जना इमे धनानां धर्तरवसाविपन्यवः |
अस्माकं समा रथमा तिष्ठ सातये जैत्रंहीन्द्र निभ्र्तं मनस्तव ||
nānā hi tvā havamānā janā ime dhanānāṃ dhartaravasāvipanyavaḥ |
asmākaṃ samā rathamā tiṣṭha sātaye jaitraṃhīndra nibhṛtaṃ manastava ||
For here in divers ways these men invoking thee, holder of treasures, sing hymns to win thine aid.
Ascend the car that thou mayest bring spoil to us, for, Indra, thy fixt winneth the victory.

Speech, thousandfold, comes near to thee.

RV 7.15.9a उप तवा सातये नरो विप्रासो यन्ति धीतिभिः | उपाक्षरासहस्रिणी || upa tvā sātaye naro viprāso yanti dhītibhiḥ | upākṣarāsahasriṇī || The men come near thee for their gain, the singers with their songs of praise

gaining, obtaining, acquisition, winning of spoil or property

name of a teacher (having the patronymic Auṣṭrākṣi)


साति

sāti (romanization)
सतिः (nominative singular)
सती (dual nominative)
सतयः (nominative plural)
सते (singular vocative)
सती (dual vocative)
सतयः (plural vocative)
सतिम् (accusative singular)
सती (accusative dual)
सतीः (accusative plural)
सत्या (instrumental singular)
सतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सतिभिः (instrumental plural)
सत्यै (dative singular)
सतये (dative singular)
सतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सतिभ्यः (dative plural)
सत्याः (ablative singular)
सतेः (ablative singular)
सतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सत्याः (genitive singular)
सतेः (genitive singular)
सत्योः (dual genitive)
सतीनाम् (genitive plural)
सत्याम् (locative singular)
सतौ (locative singular)
सत्योः (dual locative)
सतिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of साति

सत्यै / सतये

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याम् / सतौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्यै / सतये

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याः / सतेः

सत्याम् / सतौ


ภู

Thai script form of भू (“becoming; world”)


वृष

vṛ́ṣa (romanization)
वृषः (nominative singular)
वृषौ (dual nominative)
वृषा1 (dual nominative)
वृषाः (nominative plural)
वृषासः1 (nominative plural)
वृष (singular vocative)
वृषौ (dual vocative)
वृषा1 (dual vocative)
वृषाः (plural vocative)
वृषासः1 (plural vocative)
वृषम् (accusative singular)
वृषौ (accusative dual)
वृषा1 (accusative dual)
वृषान् (accusative plural)
वृषेण (instrumental singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृषैः (instrumental plural)
वृषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृषाय (dative singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृषेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृषात् (ablative singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृषस्य (genitive singular)
वृषयोः (dual genitive)
वृषाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृषे (locative singular)
वृषयोः (dual locative)
वृषेषु (locative plural)

a strong or potent man (one of the four classes into which men are divided in erotic works.)

the chief of a class or anything the most excellent or preeminent or best of its kind

mouse, rat (compare वृश (vṛ́śa) and वृषदंश (vṛṣadaṃśa))


वृष

vṛ́ṣa (romanization)
वृषम् (nominative singular)
वृषे (dual nominative)
वृषाणि (nominative plural)
वृषा1 (nominative plural)
वृष (singular vocative)
वृषे (dual vocative)
वृषाणि (plural vocative)
वृषा1 (plural vocative)
वृषम् (accusative singular)
वृषे (accusative dual)
वृषाणि (accusative plural)
वृषा1 (accusative plural)
वृषेण (instrumental singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृषैः (instrumental plural)
वृषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृषाय (dative singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृषेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृषात् (ablative singular)
वृषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृषस्य (genitive singular)
वृषयोः (dual genitive)
वृषाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृषे (locative singular)
वृषयोः (dual locative)
वृषेषु (locative plural)


समर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: samara (“battle, battlefield”)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬫᬭ (samara, “battle”)

Telugu: సమరము (samaramu)

/ˈs̪ɐ.mɐ.ɾɐ/

RV 6.9.2b
नाहं तन्तुं न वि जानाम्योतुं न यं वयन्ति समरेऽतमानाः |
कस्य सवित पुत्र इह वक्त्वानि परो वदात्यवरेण पित्रा ||
nāhaṃ tantuṃ na vi jānāmyotuṃ na yaṃ vayanti samare'tamānāḥ |
kasya svit putra iha vaktvāni paro vadātyavareṇa pitrā ||
I know not either warp or woof, I know not the web they weave when moving to the contest.
Whose son shall here speak words that must be spoken without assistance from the Father near him?

coming together, meeting, concourse, confluence

hostile encounter, conflict, struggle, war, battle with (सह (saha))

विद्याधर विद्याधर#Sanskrit

name of a king of the विद्याधर (vidyā-dhara)

काम्पिल्य काम्पिल्य#Sanskrit

अवन्तिवर्मन् अवन्तिवर्मन्#Sanskrit

name of a brother of king अवन्तिवर्मन् (avantivarman)


ईषा

sa-noun

ईषा • (īṣā́) stem, f

īṣā́ (romanization)
ईषा (nominative singular)
ईषे (dual nominative)
ईषाः (nominative plural)
ईषे (singular vocative)
ईषे (dual vocative)
ईषाः (plural vocative)
ईषाम् (accusative singular)
ईषे (accusative dual)
ईषाः (accusative plural)
ईषया (instrumental singular)
ईषा1 (instrumental singular)
ईषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईषाभिः (instrumental plural)
ईषायै (dative singular)
ईषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईषाभ्यः (dative plural)
ईषायाः (ablative singular)
ईषायै2 (ablative singular)
ईषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईषाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईषायाः (genitive singular)
ईषायै2 (genitive singular)
ईषयोः (dual genitive)
ईषाणाम् (genitive plural)
ईषायाम् (locative singular)
ईषयोः (dual locative)
ईषासु (locative plural)

Assamese: ঈহ (ih)

Gujarati: ઈસ (īsa)

Pali: īsā

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HiHsáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HiHsáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂iHséh₂ (“shaft”). Cognate with Ancient Greek οἴαξ (oíax, “handle of rudder, tiller, helm;”), οἰήϊον (oiḗïon, “handle of rudder”), Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫi-iš-ša- /ḫišša-/, “carriage pole”), Old English ār (whence English oar). Compare also Finnish aisa (“shaft; pole”), borrowed from Baltic, whence borrowed from the Slavic s-stem (compare Slovene ojẹ̑ (“thill”), genitive ojẹ̑sa).

cog

the pole or shafts of a carriage or plough

(in the dual) the double or fork-shaped pole


रोच

rocá (romanization)
रुच् (root)
रोचः (nominative singular)
रोचौ (dual nominative)
रोचा1 (dual nominative)
रोचाः (nominative plural)
रोचासः1 (nominative plural)
रोच (singular vocative)
रोचौ (dual vocative)
रोचा1 (dual vocative)
रोचाः (plural vocative)
रोचासः1 (plural vocative)
रोचम् (accusative singular)
रोचौ (accusative dual)
रोचा1 (accusative dual)
रोचान् (accusative plural)
रोचेन (instrumental singular)
रोचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोचैः (instrumental plural)
रोचेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोचाय (dative singular)
रोचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोचेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोचात् (ablative singular)
रोचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोचस्य (genitive singular)
रोचयोः (dual genitive)
रोचानाम् (genitive plural)
रोचे (locative singular)
रोचयोः (dual locative)
रोचेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *rawćás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawčás, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-ó-s, from *lewk- (“to shine, bright”).


रुचि

rúci (romanization)
रुचिः (nominative singular)
रुची (dual nominative)
रुचयः (nominative plural)
रुचे (singular vocative)
रुची (dual vocative)
रुचयः (plural vocative)
रुचिम् (accusative singular)
रुची (accusative dual)
रुचीः (accusative plural)
रुच्या (instrumental singular)
रुचिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुचिभिः (instrumental plural)
रुच्यै (dative singular)
रुचये (dative singular)
रुचिभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुचिभ्यः (dative plural)
रुच्याः (ablative singular)
रुचेः (ablative singular)
रुचिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुचिभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुच्याः (genitive singular)
रुचेः (genitive singular)
रुच्योः (dual genitive)
रुचीनाम् (genitive plural)
रुच्याम् (locative singular)
रुचौ (locative singular)
रुच्योः (dual locative)
रुचिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of रुचि

रुच्यै / रुचये

रुच्याः / रुचेः

रुच्याः / रुचेः

रुच्याम् / रुचौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

रुच्याः / रुचेः

रुच्यै / रुचये

रुच्याः / रुचेः

रुच्याः / रुचेः

रुच्याम् / रुचौ

→ Hindi: रुचि (ruci) (learned)

→ Malayalam: രുചി (ruci) (learned)

→ Tamil: ருசி (ruci) (learned)

→ Telugu: రుచి (ruci) (learned)

liking, taste, relish, pleasure, appetite, zest

ruciṃ-√dā or rucaye-√bhū

rucim ā-√vah, with datative

रुच्या (rucyā) or स्वरुच्या (sva-rucyā)

प्रति प्रति#Sanskrit

(at the end of a compound) taking pleasure in, desirous of, longing for; with locative, प्रति (prati) infinitive or compound

रोचना रोचना#Sanskrit


स्वपू

sva-pū́ (romanization)
स्वपूः (nominative singular)
स्वप्वौ (dual nominative)
स्वपू1 (dual nominative)
स्वप्वः (nominative plural)
स्वपूः1 (nominative plural)
स्वपु (singular vocative)
स्वप्वौ (dual vocative)
स्वपू1 (dual vocative)
स्वप्वः (plural vocative)
स्वपूः1 (plural vocative)
स्वपूम् (accusative singular)
स्वप्वौ (accusative dual)
स्वपू1 (accusative dual)
स्वपूः (accusative plural)
स्वप्वा (instrumental singular)
स्वपूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वपूभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वप्वै (dative singular)
स्वपूभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वपूभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वप्वाः (ablative singular)
स्वप्वै2 (ablative singular)
स्वपूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वपूभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वप्वाः (genitive singular)
स्वप्वै2 (genitive singular)
स्वप्वोः (dual genitive)
स्वपूनाम् (genitive plural)
स्वप्वाम् (locative singular)
स्वप्वोः (dual locative)
स्वपूषु (locative plural)

RV 7.56.3a
अभि सवपूभिर्मिथो वपन्त वातस्वनसः शयेना अस्प्र्ध्रन |
abhi svapūbhirmitho vapanta vātasvanasaḥ śyenā aspṛdhran |
They strew each other with their blasts, these Hawks: they strove together, roaring like the wind.


रुधिर

rudhirá (romanization)
रुधिरः (nominative singular)
रुधिरौ (dual nominative)
रुधिरा1 (dual nominative)
रुधिराः (nominative plural)
रुधिरासः1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरौ (dual vocative)
रुधिरा1 (dual vocative)
रुधिराः (plural vocative)
रुधिरासः1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरौ (accusative dual)
रुधिरा1 (accusative dual)
रुधिरान् (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).
The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).

रुधिराख्य रुधिराख्य#Sanskrit

a kind of precious stone (compare रुधिराख्य (rudhirā*khya))


रुधिर

rudhirá (romanization)
रुधिरम् (nominative singular)
रुधिरे (dual nominative)
रुधिराणि (nominative plural)
रुधिरा1 (nominative plural)
रुधिर (singular vocative)
रुधिरे (dual vocative)
रुधिराणि (plural vocative)
रुधिरा1 (plural vocative)
रुधिरम् (accusative singular)
रुधिरे (accusative dual)
रुधिराणि (accusative plural)
रुधिरा1 (accusative plural)
रुधिरेण (instrumental singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुधिरैः (instrumental plural)
रुधिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रुधिराय (dative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
रुधिरात् (ablative singular)
रुधिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुधिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुधिरस्य (genitive singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual genitive)
रुधिराणाम् (genitive plural)
रुधिरे (locative singular)
रुधिरयोः (dual locative)
रुधिरेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: রুধির (rudhir)

Pali: rudhira

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rudhira
> Javanese: ꦫꦸꦢꦶꦫ (rudira), ꦭꦸꦢꦶꦫ (ludira) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (rudira)

→ Tamil: உதிரம் (utiram) (learned)

→ Telugu: రుధిరము (rudhiramu) (learned)


सा

sā (romanization)
साः (nominative singular)
सौ (dual nominative)
सा1 (dual nominative)
साः (nominative plural)
साः (singular vocative)
सौ (dual vocative)
सा1 (dual vocative)
साः (plural vocative)
साम् (accusative singular)
सौ (accusative dual)
सा1 (accusative dual)
साः (accusative plural)
सः2 (accusative plural)
सा (instrumental singular)
साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
साभिः (instrumental plural)
से (dative singular)
साभ्याम् (dative dual)
साभ्यः (dative plural)
सः (ablative singular)
साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
साभ्यः (ablative plural)
सः (genitive singular)
सोः (dual genitive)
सानाम् (genitive plural)
साम्2 (genitive plural)
सि (locative singular)
सोः (dual locative)
सासु (locative plural)


दुर्जन

dur-jana (romanization)
दुर्जनः (nominative singular)
दुर्जनौ (dual nominative)
दुर्जनाः (nominative plural)
दुर्जन (singular vocative)
दुर्जनौ (dual vocative)
दुर्जनाः (plural vocative)
दुर्जनम् (accusative singular)
दुर्जनौ (accusative dual)
दुर्जनान् (accusative plural)
दुर्जनेन (instrumental singular)
दुर्जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुर्जनैः (instrumental plural)
दुर्जनाय (dative singular)
दुर्जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुर्जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुर्जनात् (ablative singular)
दुर्जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुर्जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुर्जनस्य (genitive singular)
दुर्जनयोः (dual genitive)
दुर्जनानाम् (genitive plural)
दुर्जने (locative singular)
दुर्जनयोः (dual locative)
दुर्जनेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of दुर्जन

दुर्जनाभ्याम्

दुर्जनाभ्याम्

दुर्जनाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

दुर्जनाभ्याम्

दुर्जनाभ्याम्

दुर्जनाभ्याम्


तटाक

taṭāka (romanization)
तटाकः (nominative singular)
तटाकौ (dual nominative)
तटाकाः (nominative plural)
तटाक (singular vocative)
तटाकौ (dual vocative)
तटाकाः (plural vocative)
तटाकम् (accusative singular)
तटाकौ (accusative dual)
तटाकान् (accusative plural)
तटाकेन (instrumental singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तटाकैः (instrumental plural)
तटाकाय (dative singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तटाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
तटाकात् (ablative singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तटाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तटाकस्य (genitive singular)
तटाकयोः (dual genitive)
तटाकानाम् (genitive plural)
तटाके (locative singular)
तटाकयोः (dual locative)
तटाकेषु (locative plural)
तटाकम् (nominative singular)
तटाके (dual nominative)
तटाकानि (nominative plural)
तटाक (singular vocative)
तटाके (dual vocative)
तटाकानि (plural vocative)
तटाकम् (accusative singular)
तटाके (accusative dual)
तटाकानि (accusative plural)
तटाकेन (instrumental singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तटाकैः (instrumental plural)
तटाकाय (dative singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तटाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
तटाकात् (ablative singular)
तटाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तटाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तटाकस्य (genitive singular)
तटाकयोः (dual genitive)
तटाकानाम् (genitive plural)
तटाके (locative singular)
तटाकयोः (dual locative)
तटाकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तटाक

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">तटाक</i>

→ Malayalam: തടാകം (taṭākaṁ)

→ Telugu: తటాకము (taṭākamu)

/t̪ɐˈʈɑː.kɐ/


तर्क

tarká (romanization)
तर्कः (nominative singular)
तर्कौ (dual nominative)
तर्का1 (dual nominative)
तर्काः (nominative plural)
तर्कासः1 (nominative plural)
तर्क (singular vocative)
तर्कौ (dual vocative)
तर्का1 (dual vocative)
तर्काः (plural vocative)
तर्कासः1 (plural vocative)
तर्कम् (accusative singular)
तर्कौ (accusative dual)
तर्का1 (accusative dual)
तर्कान् (accusative plural)
तर्केण (instrumental singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तर्कैः (instrumental plural)
तर्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तर्काय (dative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
तर्केभ्यः (dative plural)
तर्कात् (ablative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तर्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
तर्कस्य (genitive singular)
तर्कयोः (dual genitive)
तर्काणाम् (genitive plural)
तर्के (locative singular)
तर्कयोः (dual locative)
तर्केषु (locative plural)

→ Malayalam: തർക്കം (taṟkkaṁ)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਤੱਕ (takka)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tarkás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tarkás, from Proto-Indo-European *telkʷ-. Cognate with Latin loquor (“to speak, talk”), Old Church Slavonic тлъкъ (tlŭkŭ, “interpreter”) and Old Irish do·tluchethar (“to ask”), ad·tluchedar (“to thank”).
Alternative, from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”). Cognate with Latin torqueō (“to twist”), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tarúzi), Old Church Slavonic тракъ (trakŭ), Tocharian B tärk-, and possibly Ancient Greek τρέπω (trépō).

cog

system or doctrine founded on speculation or reasoning, philosophical system (especially the Nyāya system, but applicable also to any of the six Darśana)

logic, confutation (especially that kind of argument which consists in reduction to absurdity)


तर्क

tarká (romanization)
तर्कम् (nominative singular)
तर्के (dual nominative)
तर्काणि (nominative plural)
तर्का1 (nominative plural)
तर्क (singular vocative)
तर्के (dual vocative)
तर्काणि (plural vocative)
तर्का1 (plural vocative)
तर्कम् (accusative singular)
तर्के (accusative dual)
तर्काणि (accusative plural)
तर्का1 (accusative plural)
तर्केण (instrumental singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तर्कैः (instrumental plural)
तर्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तर्काय (dative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
तर्केभ्यः (dative plural)
तर्कात् (ablative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तर्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
तर्कस्य (genitive singular)
तर्कयोः (dual genitive)
तर्काणाम् (genitive plural)
तर्के (locative singular)
तर्कयोः (dual locative)
तर्केषु (locative plural)


तर्का

tarkā (romanization)
तर्का (nominative singular)
तर्के (dual nominative)
तर्काः (nominative plural)
तर्के (singular vocative)
तर्के (dual vocative)
तर्काः (plural vocative)
तर्काम् (accusative singular)
तर्के (accusative dual)
तर्काः (accusative plural)
तर्कया (instrumental singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तर्काभिः (instrumental plural)
तर्कायै (dative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
तर्काभ्यः (dative plural)
तर्कायाः (ablative singular)
तर्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तर्काभ्यः (ablative plural)
तर्कायाः (genitive singular)
तर्कयोः (dual genitive)
तर्काणाम् (genitive plural)
तर्कायाम् (locative singular)
तर्कयोः (dual locative)
तर्कासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of तर्का

काङ्क्षा काङ्क्षा#Sanskrit

reasoning, inquiry (= काङ्क्षा (kāṅkṣā))


जीवित

jīvitá (romanization)
जीवितम् (nominative singular)
जीविते (dual nominative)
जीवितानि (nominative plural)
जीविता1 (nominative plural)
जीवित (singular vocative)
जीविते (dual vocative)
जीवितानि (plural vocative)
जीविता1 (plural vocative)
जीवितम् (accusative singular)
जीविते (accusative dual)
जीवितानि (accusative plural)
जीविता1 (accusative plural)
जीवितेन (instrumental singular)
जीविताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीवितैः (instrumental plural)
जीवितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जीविताय (dative singular)
जीविताभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीवितेभ्यः (dative plural)
जीवितात् (ablative singular)
जीविताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीवितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीवितस्य (genitive singular)
जीवितयोः (dual genitive)
जीवितानाम् (genitive plural)
जीविते (locative singular)
जीवितयोः (dual locative)
जीवितेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: जीवित (jīvit)

→ Khmer: ជីវិត (ciivɨt)

→ Lao: ຊີວິດ (sī wit)

→ Northern Thai: ᨩᩦᩅᩥ᩠ᨲ

Pali: jīvita

→ Sinhalese: ජීවිතය (jīwitaya)

→ Lü: ᦋᦲᦞᦲᧆ (tsiiviid)

→ Telugu: జీవితము (jīvitamu)

→ Thai: ชีวิต (chii-wít)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) (accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)), probably from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ (compare Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Latin vīta, Old Irish bethu, Irish beatha, Welsh bywyd (“life”)), ultimately from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”), compare *gʷeyh₃- (“alive”).


जुष्ट

júṣṭa (romanization)
जुष्टम् (nominative singular)
जुष्टे (dual nominative)
जुष्टानि (nominative plural)
जुष्टा1 (nominative plural)
जुष्ट (singular vocative)
जुष्टे (dual vocative)
जुष्टानि (plural vocative)
जुष्टा1 (plural vocative)
जुष्टम् (accusative singular)
जुष्टे (accusative dual)
जुष्टानि (accusative plural)
जुष्टा1 (accusative plural)
जुष्टेन (instrumental singular)
जुष्टाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जुष्टैः (instrumental plural)
जुष्टेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जुष्टाय (dative singular)
जुष्टाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जुष्टेभ्यः (dative plural)
जुष्टात् (ablative singular)
जुष्टाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जुष्टेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जुष्टस्य (genitive singular)
जुष्टयोः (dual genitive)
जुष्टानाम् (genitive plural)
जुष्टे (locative singular)
जुष्टयोः (dual locative)
जुष्टेषु (locative plural)

(?) Prakrit: 𑀛𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jhuṭṭha, “false”) (see there for more)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (juṭṭha)

Central:

Hindustani: jūṭh, jūṭhā, jhūṭh, jhūṭhā, jhūṭ

desc

Hindi: जूठ (“secondhand (food)”), जूठा, झूठ, झूठा, झूट

Urdu: جُوٹھ (“secondhand (food)”), جُوٹھا, جھُوٹھ, جھُوٹھا, جھُوٹ

Eastern:

Assamese: জুঠা (zutha, “ort”)

Bengali: ঝুঁটা (jhũṭa)

Odia: ଜୁଠା (juṭhā), ଜୁଟ (juṭa), ଝୁଟା (jhuṭā)

Northern:

Kumaoni: जूठो (jūṭho)

Nepali: जुठो (juṭho)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: juṭṭhā, jūṭhā, jhūṭhā

Gurmukhi script: ਜੁੱਠ, ਜੂਠਾ, ਝੂਠਾ

Shahmukhi script: جُٹّھا, جُوٹھا, جھُوٹھا

Sindhi: jūṭho, joṭho

Arabic script: جُٺو, جوٺو

Devanagari script: जूठो, जोठो

Southern:

Marathi: झुठा (j̈huṭā)

Western:

Gujarati: ઝુઠું (jhuṭhũ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́uṣṭás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́uštás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵus-tó-s, from *ǵews- (“to try, taste”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta), Persian دوست (dust, “friend”), Latin gustō (“I taste”), Proto-Germanic *keusaną (“to choose”), Ancient Greek γεύω (geúō, “to taste”), Old Irish do·goa (“to choose, select”). The Sanskrit root is जुष् (juṣ).


दृष्टि

sa-noun

दृष्टि • (dṛ́ṣṭi) stem, f

dṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
दृष्टिः (nominative singular)
दृष्टी (dual nominative)
दृष्टयः (nominative plural)
दृष्टे (singular vocative)
दृष्टी (dual vocative)
दृष्टयः (plural vocative)
दृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
दृष्टी (accusative dual)
दृष्टीः (accusative plural)
दृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
दृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
दृष्टये (dative singular)
दृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
दृष्टी1 (dative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
दृष्टेः (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
दृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृष्टेः (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
दृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
दृष्टौ (locative singular)
दृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
दृष्टा1 (locative singular)
दृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
दृष्टिषु (locative plural)

Pali: diṭṭhi

→ Bengali: দৃষ্টি (driśṭi)

desc

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Hindi: दृष्टि (dŕṣṭi)

→ Kannada: ದೃಷ್ಟಿ (dṛṣṭi)

→ Old Marathi: दृष्टी (dṛṣṭī)

Marathi: दृष्टी (dŕṣṭī)

→ Punjabi: ਡਿੱਠ (ḍiṭṭha), ਦਿੱਠ (diṭṭha), ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟੀ (driśṭī)

→ Tamil: திருஷ்டி (tiruṣṭi)

→ Telugu: దృష్టి (dr̥ṣṭi)

⇒ Tocharian B: ātmadṛṣṭi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dŕ̥ṣṭiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dŕ̥štiš, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥ḱtis. By surface analysis, दृश् (dṛś) + -ति (-ti).

surf

c. 900 BCE – 700 BCE, Brāhmaṇas

c. 800 BCE – 300 BCE, Early Upaniṣads

seeing, viewing, beholding (also with the mental eye)

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā

the faculty of seeing, sight, eyesight, vision

BhP

L

Lexicographers, Various Works

c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā

Kap

आत्मदृष्टि (ātmadṛṣṭi): the view on the self, the (problematic) view that the self exists, the holding onto a self

(Buddhism) a wrong view; an invalid perspective

Jātakam

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature

दृष्टिं दा (dṛṣṭiṃ dā) (with locative): “turn the eye to, look at”

शुभदृष्टि (śubhadṛṣṭi): “of auspicious aspect, beautiful”


वसन्त

vasantá (romanization)
वसन्तः (nominative singular)
वसन्तौ (dual nominative)
वसन्ता1 (dual nominative)
वसन्ताः (nominative plural)
वसन्तासः1 (nominative plural)
वसन्त (singular vocative)
वसन्तौ (dual vocative)
वसन्ता1 (dual vocative)
वसन्ताः (plural vocative)
वसन्तासः1 (plural vocative)
वसन्तम् (accusative singular)
वसन्तौ (accusative dual)
वसन्ता1 (accusative dual)
वसन्तान् (accusative plural)
वसन्तेन (instrumental singular)
वसन्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वसन्तैः (instrumental plural)
वसन्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वसन्ताय (dative singular)
वसन्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
वसन्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
वसन्तात् (ablative singular)
वसन्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वसन्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वसन्तस्य (genitive singular)
वसन्तयोः (dual genitive)
वसन्तानाम् (genitive plural)
वसन्ते (locative singular)
वसन्तयोः (dual locative)
वसन्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: básond

Khowar: بوسون (bosún)

Phalura: basaánd

Torwali: [script needed] (basān)

desc

Shina: بَزونوࣿ

Shina: بَزونوࣿ/बज़ोनॊ (băzṓnṷ), بَزودوࣿ (băzṓdṷ)

Gandhari: 𐨬𐨯𐨎𐨟 (vasaṃta)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲𑀁𑀢 (vasaṃta)

Pali: vasanta

→ Burmese: ဝသန္တ (wa.santa.)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨬𐨯𐨎𐨟 (vasaṃta)

/ʋɐˈs̪ɐn̪.t̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasantás, from Proto-Indo-European *wesn̥-tó-s, from *wósr̥ (“spring”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Latin vēr, Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬭 (vaŋhar), Persian بهار (bahâr), Old Norse vár, Russian весна́ (vesná).

श॒तं जी॑व श॒रदो॒ वर्ध॑मानः श॒तं हे॑म॒न्ताञ्छ॒तमु॑ वस॒न्तान्।
श॒तमि॑न्द्रा॒ग्नी स॑वि॒ता बृह॒स्पति॑: श॒तायु॑षा ह॒विषे॒मं पुन॑र्दुः॥
śatáṃ jīva śarádo várdhamānaḥ śatáṃ hemantā́ñchatámu vasantā́n.
śatámindrāgnī́ savitā́ bṛ́haspáti: śatā́yuṣā havíṣemáṃ púnarduḥ.
Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters.

Through hundred-lived oblation Indra, Agni, Brhaspati, Savitā yield him for a hundred!

a particular metre (4 times ˘ ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ ˘) (Col.)


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेयौ (dual nominative)
मैत्रेया1 (dual nominative)
मैत्रेयाः (nominative plural)
मैत्रेयासः1 (nominative plural)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)
मैत्रेयौ (dual vocative)
मैत्रेया1 (dual vocative)
मैत्रेयाः (plural vocative)
मैत्रेयासः1 (plural vocative)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयौ (accusative dual)
मैत्रेया1 (accusative dual)
मैत्रेयान् (accusative plural)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मैत्रेयैः (instrumental plural)
मैत्रेयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मैत्रेयेभ्यः (dative plural)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मैत्रेयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेययोः (dual genitive)
मैत्रेयाणाम् (genitive plural)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)
मैत्रेययोः (dual locative)
मैत्रेयेषु (locative plural)

patronymic of कौषारव (kauṣārava) (AitBr.)

मित्रा मित्रा#Sanskrit

patronymic of ग्लाव (glāva) (ChUp.) (according to Sch. matronymic from मित्रा (mitrā))

patronymic of various other men (MBh., Pur.)

name of the विदूषक (vidūṣaka) in the मृच्च्हकटिका (mṛcchakaṭikā)

name of a grammarian (= मैत्रेयरक्षित (maitreyarakṣita)) (Cat.)

name of a particular mixed caste (= मैत्रेयक (maitreyaka)) (Kull. on Mn. X, 33)


घूक

ghūka (romanization)
घूकः (nominative singular)
घूकौ (dual nominative)
घूकाः (nominative plural)
घूक (singular vocative)
घूकौ (dual vocative)
घूकाः (plural vocative)
घूकम् (accusative singular)
घूकौ (accusative dual)
घूकान् (accusative plural)
घूकेन (instrumental singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घूकैः (instrumental plural)
घूकाय (dative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
घूकात् (ablative singular)
घूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घूकस्य (genitive singular)
घूकयोः (dual genitive)
घूकानाम् (genitive plural)
घूके (locative singular)
घूकयोः (dual locative)
घूकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of घूक

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀽𑀅 (ghūa)

⇒ Prakrit: *𑀖𑀽𑀅-𑀟 (*ghūa-ḍa)

Gujarati: ઘુવડ (ghuvaḍ)

Marathi: घुबड (ghubaḍ)

→ Gujarati: ઘૂક (ghūk) (learned)

→ Hindi: घूक (ghūk) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಘೂಕ (ghūka) (learned)

→ Marwari: (learned)

Devanagari script: घूक (ghūk)

Mahajani script: 𑅘𑅒𑅕 (ghuk)

→ Odia: ଘୂକ (ghuka) (learned)

→ Telugu: ఘూకము (ghūkamu) (learned)

Borrowed from a Dravidian language; compare Tamil கூகை (kūkai), Telugu గూబ (gūba), Kannada ಗೂಬೆ (gūbe).


નદી

nadī́ (romanization)
નદી (nominative singular)
નદ્યૌ (dual nominative)
નદી1 (dual nominative)
નદ્યઃ (nominative plural)
નદીઃ1 (nominative plural)
નદિ (singular vocative)
નદ્યૌ (dual vocative)
નદી1 (dual vocative)
નદ્યઃ (plural vocative)
નદીઃ1 (plural vocative)
નદીમ્ (accusative singular)
નદ્યૌ (accusative dual)
નદી1 (accusative dual)
નદીઃ (accusative plural)
નદ્યા (instrumental singular)
નદીભ્યામ્ (dual instrumental)
નદીભિઃ (instrumental plural)
નદ્યૈ (dative singular)
નદીભ્યામ્ (dative dual)
નદીભ્યઃ (dative plural)
નદ્યાઃ (ablative singular)
નદ્યૈ2 (ablative singular)
નદીભ્યામ્ (ablative dual)
નદીભ્યઃ (ablative plural)
નદ્યાઃ (genitive singular)
નદ્યૈ2 (genitive singular)
નદ્યોઃ (dual genitive)
નદીનામ્ (genitive plural)
નદ્યામ્ (locative singular)
નદ્યોઃ (dual locative)
નદીષુ (locative plural)


मृदु

mṛdú (romanization)
मृदुः (nominative singular)
मृदू (dual nominative)
मृदवः (nominative plural)
मृदो (singular vocative)
मृदू (dual vocative)
मृदवः (plural vocative)
मृदुम् (accusative singular)
मृदू (accusative dual)
मृदून् (accusative plural)
मृदुना (instrumental singular)
मृद्वा1 (instrumental singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृदुभिः (instrumental plural)
मृदवे (dative singular)
मृद्वे1 (dative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (dative plural)
मृदोः (ablative singular)
मृद्वः1 (ablative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृदोः (genitive singular)
मृद्वः1 (genitive singular)
मृद्वोः (dual genitive)
मृदूनाम् (genitive plural)
मृदौ (locative singular)
मृद्वोः (dual locative)
मृदुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mr̥dúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥dúš (“soft, mild, weak”), from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus (“id”).
Cognate with Old Prussian maldai (“boys”), Old Church Slavonic младъ (mladŭ, “young”), English mild, Latin mollis (“soft, weak”), Old Armenian մեղկ (mełk, “soft, weak”), Ancient Greek βλαδύς (bladús, “weak”), ἀμαλδύνω (amaldúnō, “to weaken, destroy”).

cog

बिदादि बिदादि#Sanskrit

name of a king and various other men VP. (compare बिदादि (bidā*di))


मृदु

mṛdu (romanization)
मृदुः (nominative singular)
मृदू (dual nominative)
मृदवः (nominative plural)
मृदो (singular vocative)
मृदू (dual vocative)
मृदवः (plural vocative)
मृदुम् (accusative singular)
मृदू (accusative dual)
मृदूः (accusative plural)
मृद्वा (instrumental singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृदुभिः (instrumental plural)
मृदवे (dative singular)
मृद्वै1 (dative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (dative plural)
मृदोः (ablative singular)
मृद्वाः1 (ablative singular)
मृद्वै2 (ablative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृदोः (genitive singular)
मृद्वाः1 (genitive singular)
मृद्वै2 (genitive singular)
मृद्वोः (dual genitive)
मृदूनाम् (genitive plural)
मृदौ (locative singular)
मृद्वाम्1 (locative singular)
मृद्वोः (dual locative)
मृदुषु (locative plural)


मृदु

mṛdú (romanization)
मृदु (nominative singular)
मृदुनी (dual nominative)
मृदूनि (nominative plural)
मृदु1 (nominative plural)
मृदू1 (nominative plural)
मृदु (singular vocative)
मृदो (singular vocative)
मृदुनी (dual vocative)
मृदूनि (plural vocative)
मृदु1 (plural vocative)
मृदू1 (plural vocative)
मृदु (accusative singular)
मृदुनी (accusative dual)
मृदूनि (accusative plural)
मृदु1 (accusative plural)
मृदू1 (accusative plural)
मृदुना (instrumental singular)
मृद्वा1 (instrumental singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृदुभिः (instrumental plural)
मृदुने (dative singular)
मृदवे1 (dative singular)
मृद्वे1 (dative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (dative plural)
मृदुनः (ablative singular)
मृदोः1 (ablative singular)
मृद्वः1 (ablative singular)
मृदुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृदुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृदुनः (genitive singular)
मृदोः1 (genitive singular)
मृद्वः1 (genitive singular)
मृदुनोः (dual genitive)
मृदूनाम् (genitive plural)
मृदुनि (locative singular)
मृदौ1 (locative singular)
मृदुनोः (dual locative)
मृदुषु (locative plural)

softness, mildness, gentleness (MBh. Kāv. etc.) (also m Pāṇ. 2-2, 8, Vārtt. 3, Pat.)


द्वीप

dvīpá (romanization)
द्वीपः (nominative singular)
द्वीपौ (dual nominative)
द्वीपा1 (dual nominative)
द्वीपाः (nominative plural)
द्वीपासः1 (nominative plural)
द्वीप (singular vocative)
द्वीपौ (dual vocative)
द्वीपा1 (dual vocative)
द्वीपाः (plural vocative)
द्वीपासः1 (plural vocative)
द्वीपम् (accusative singular)
द्वीपौ (accusative dual)
द्वीपा1 (accusative dual)
द्वीपान् (accusative plural)
द्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
द्वीपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वीपाय (dative singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वीपात् (ablative singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
द्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
द्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वीपे (locative singular)
द्वीपयोः (dual locative)
द्वीपेषु (locative plural)
द्वीपम् (nominative singular)
द्वीपे (dual nominative)
द्वीपानि (nominative plural)
द्वीपा1 (nominative plural)
द्वीप (singular vocative)
द्वीपे (dual vocative)
द्वीपानि (plural vocative)
द्वीपा1 (plural vocative)
द्वीपम् (accusative singular)
द्वीपे (accusative dual)
द्वीपानि (accusative plural)
द्वीपा1 (accusative plural)
द्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
द्वीपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वीपाय (dative singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वीपात् (ablative singular)
द्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
द्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
द्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
द्वीपे (locative singular)
द्वीपयोः (dual locative)
द्वीपेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀻𑀯 (dīva)

Assamese: দীয়া (dia)

Bengali: দীয়া (diẏa)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދޫ (dū)

Sinhalese: දිව (diwa)

⇒ Sinhalese: දිවයින (diwayina)

Kashmiri: ज़ुवु (zuwu)

desctree

Pali: dīpa
→ Old Javanese: dīpa (“island”) (see there for further descendants)
→ Thai: ทีป (tîip)
→ Burmese: ဒီပါ (dipa)

→ Assamese: দ্বীপ (dip)

→ Bengali: দ্বীপ (dip)

→ Hindi: द्वीप (dvīp)

→ Kannada: ದ್ವೀಪ (dvīpa)

→ Khmer: ទ្វីប (tviip)

→ Lao: ທະວີບ (tha wīp)

→ Lü: ᦑᦞᦲᧇ (tviib)

→ Mongolian: тив (tiv)

→ Odia: ଦ୍ଵୀପ (dvipa)

→ Old Javanese: dwīpa

→ Punjabi: ਦੀਪ (dīpa)

→ Thai: ทวีป (tá-wîip)

→ Telugu: ద్వీపము (dvīpamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwi-Hp-ás (“island”, literally “double-watered”), from *dwi- (“two”, compounding form of *dwáH (“two”)) + *Hā́ps (“water”). Related to Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬉𐬞𐬇 (duuaēpə̄, “on the island”). For the formation, compare अनूप (anūpá).

com

compounding form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="iir-pro">*dwáH</i> (“two”)

cog

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


वणिज्

vaṇíj (romanization)
वणिक् (nominative singular)
वणिजौ (dual nominative)
वणिजा1 (dual nominative)
वणिजः (nominative plural)
वणिक् (singular vocative)
वणिजौ (dual vocative)
वणिजा1 (dual vocative)
वणिजः (plural vocative)
वणिजम् (accusative singular)
वणिजौ (accusative dual)
वणिजा1 (accusative dual)
वणिजः (accusative plural)
वणिजा (instrumental singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वणिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
वणिजे (dative singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
वणिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
वणिजः (ablative singular)
वणिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
वणिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
वणिजः (genitive singular)
वणिजोः (dual genitive)
वणिजाम् (genitive plural)
वणिजि (locative singular)
वणिजोः (dual locative)
वणिक्षु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀡𑀺 (vaṇi)

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wen(h₁)-h₂ǵ-, composed of *wenh₁- (“to win”) + *h₂eǵ- (“to drive, lead”). Compare वनोति (vanóti), particularly in the meaning “to acquire”, and अजति (ájati, “to drive”), respectively.

याभिः॑ सुदानू औशि॒जाय॑ व॒णिजे॑ दी॒र्घश्र॑वसे॒ मधु॒ कोशो॒ अक्ष॑रत् ।
क॒क्षीव॑न्तं स्तो॒तारं॒ याभि॒राव॑तं॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम् ॥
yā́bhiḥ sudānū auśijā́ya vaṇíje dīrgháśravase mádhu kóśo ákṣarat.
kakṣī́vantaṃ stotā́raṃ yā́bhirā́vataṃ tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatam.

With those aids by which, beauteous donors, the cloud was made to shed its sweet water, for Dīrgháśravas, for the merchant Aukṣija, and by which you protected the devout Kakṣīvat; with them, Aśvins, come willingly hither.

550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā

(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Libra

वैश्यस्याधिकं कृषिवणिक्पाशुपाल्यकुसीदम् ॥
vaiśyasyādhikaṃ kṛṣivaṇikpāśupālyakusīdam.

c. 300 BCE, Gautama Dharmasūtra 2.1.49.1

Farming, commerce, herdsmanship and usury is more for a Vaiśya.

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
)


पुरु

purú (romanization)
पुरुः (nominative singular)
पुरू (dual nominative)
पुरवः (nominative plural)
पुरो (singular vocative)
पुरू (dual vocative)
पुरवः (plural vocative)
पुरुम् (accusative singular)
पुरू (accusative dual)
पुरून् (accusative plural)
पुरुणा (instrumental singular)
पुर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पुरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरुभिः (instrumental plural)
पुरवे (dative singular)
पुर्वे1 (dative singular)
पुरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरुभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरोः (ablative singular)
पुर्वः1 (ablative singular)
पुरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरोः (genitive singular)
पुर्वः1 (genitive singular)
पुर्वोः (dual genitive)
पुरूणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरौ (locative singular)
पुर्वोः (dual locative)
पुरुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥Húṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Húš (compare Avestan 𐬞𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎 (poᵘru, “much”), Ossetian фыр (fyr, “much”), and Old Persian 𐎱𐎽𐎺 (paruv, “much, many, too much, very”) (Persian فره (fere, “much, more”) and Middle Persian/Pahlavi ﭘﺮ (por, “full of, filled with, loaded; much”) which is also borrowed in the same meaning by Ottoman Turkish ﭘﺮ , hence Turkish pür), from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁ús (“much”), from the zero-grade of the root *pleh₁- (“to fill”) (compare Latin plūs (“more”), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much, many”), Old English fela, Old Irish il (“much”), and Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much, very”)).

(cf. पूरु (pūru)) name of a prince (the son of Yayāti and Śarmiṣṭhā and sixth monarch of the lunar race) (MBh., Śak.)

name of a son of Vasu-deva and Saha-devā (BhP.)


अन्त

ánta (romanization)
अन्तः (nominative singular)
अन्तौ (dual nominative)
अन्ता1 (dual nominative)
अन्ताः (nominative plural)
अन्तासः1 (nominative plural)
अन्त (singular vocative)
अन्तौ (dual vocative)
अन्ता1 (dual vocative)
अन्ताः (plural vocative)
अन्तासः1 (plural vocative)
अन्तम् (accusative singular)
अन्तौ (accusative dual)
अन्ता1 (accusative dual)
अन्तान् (accusative plural)
अन्तेन (instrumental singular)
अन्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्तैः (instrumental plural)
अन्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अन्ताय (dative singular)
अन्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्तात् (ablative singular)
अन्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्तस्य (genitive singular)
अन्तयोः (dual genitive)
अन्तानाम् (genitive plural)
अन्ते (locative singular)
अन्तयोः (dual locative)
अन्तेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: আঁত (ãt), অন্ত (onto)

→ Bengali: অন্ত (onto)

→ Hindi: अंत (ant)

→ Kannada: ಅಂತ್ಯ (antya)

→ Malayalam: അന്തം (antaṁ)

→ Marathi: अंत (anta)

→ Nepali: अन्त (anta)

→ Odia: ଅନ୍ତ (anta)

→ Old Gujarati: अंत (aṃta)

Pali: anta

desc

Khmer: អន្តៈ (ʼɑɑʼɑntaʼ)

Khmer: អន្តៈ (ʼɑɑʼɑntaʼ)

→ Punjabi: ਅੰਤ (anta)

→ Sindhi: اَنتِ

→ Tamil: அந்தம் (antam)

→ Telugu: అంతము (antamu)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent-o-s (“forehead; front; edge”). Cognate with English end.

inh

इ॒मा गावः॑ सरमे॒ या ऐच्छः॒ परि॑ दि॒वो अन्ता॑न्त्सुभगे॒ पत॑न्ती ।
कस्त॑ एना॒ अव॑ सृजा॒दयु॑ध्व्यु॒तास्माक॒मायु॑धा सन्ति ति॒ग्मा ॥
imā́ gā́vaḥ sarame yā́ aícchaḥ pári divó ántāntsubhage pátantī.
kásta enā áva sṛjādáyudhvyutā́smā́kamā́yudhā santi tigmā́.

Who will loose these for thee without a battle? Yea, and sharp-pointed are our war-like weapons.

These are the kine which, Saramā, thou seekest, flying, O Blest One, to the ends of heaven.


भृष्टि

sa-noun

भृष्टि • (bhṛṣṭí) stem, f

bhṛṣṭí (romanization)
भृष्टिः (nominative singular)
भृष्टी (dual nominative)
भृष्टयः (nominative plural)
भृष्टे (singular vocative)
भृष्टी (dual vocative)
भृष्टयः (plural vocative)
भृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
भृष्टी (accusative dual)
भृष्टीः (accusative plural)
भृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
भृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
भृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
भृष्टये (dative singular)
भृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
भृष्टी1 (dative singular)
भृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
भृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
भृष्टेः (ablative singular)
भृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
भृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
भृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
भृष्टेः (genitive singular)
भृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
भृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
भृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
भृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
भृष्टौ (locative singular)
भृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
भृष्टा1 (locative singular)
भृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
भृष्टिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰr̥ṣṭíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥štíš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥s-tí-s, from *bʰers- (“top, tip, point”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙- (voᵘru-bar^əšt-, “northwest side of the earth”), Latin fastīgium, Proto-Germanic *burstiz (whence English bristle).

cog

𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-

𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎-𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙-

सहस्रभृष्टि (sahásra-bhṛṣṭi)

क्षुरभृष्टि (kṣurá-bhṛṣṭi)

spike, point, top, corner, edge (RV., AV., GṛS.)


भृष्टि

sa-noun

भृष्टि • (bhṛṣṭí) stem, f

From the root भ्रज्ज् (bhrajj, “to fry, roast”). Related to भृज्जति (bhṛjjáti).

the act of frying or boiling or roasting (L.)


जीवन्मुक्ति

jīvan-mukti (romanization)
जीवन्मुक्तिः (nominative singular)
जीवन्मुक्ती (dual nominative)
जीवन्मुक्तयः (nominative plural)
जीवन्मुक्ते (singular vocative)
जीवन्मुक्ती (dual vocative)
जीवन्मुक्तयः (plural vocative)
जीवन्मुक्तिम् (accusative singular)
जीवन्मुक्ती (accusative dual)
जीवन्मुक्तीः (accusative plural)
जीवन्मुक्त्या (instrumental singular)
जीवन्मुक्ती1 (instrumental singular)
जीवन्मुक्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीवन्मुक्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
जीवन्मुक्तये (dative singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्यै2 (dative singular)
जीवन्मुक्ती1 (dative singular)
जीवन्मुक्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीवन्मुक्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
जीवन्मुक्तेः (ablative singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
जीवन्मुक्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीवन्मुक्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीवन्मुक्तेः (genitive singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्योः (dual genitive)
जीवन्मुक्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
जीवन्मुक्तौ (locative singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
जीवन्मुक्ता1 (locative singular)
जीवन्मुक्त्योः (dual locative)
जीवन्मुक्तिषु (locative plural)

English: jivanmukti, jivanmukta

Telugu: జీవన్ముక్తి (jīvanmukti)

जीव (jīva, “life”) + मुक्ति (mukti, “liberation”)

af

emancipation while still alive (Madhus.)


औपरिष्टक

"mouth congress" (Burton 1883); fellatio or cunnilingus


जघन

jaghana (romanization)
जघनः (nominative singular)
जघनौ (dual nominative)
जघनाः (nominative plural)
जघन (singular vocative)
जघनौ (dual vocative)
जघनाः (plural vocative)
जघनम् (accusative singular)
जघनौ (accusative dual)
जघनान् (accusative plural)
जघनेन (instrumental singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जघनैः (instrumental plural)
जघनाय (dative singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जघनेभ्यः (dative plural)
जघनात् (ablative singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जघनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जघनस्य (genitive singular)
जघनयोः (dual genitive)
जघनानाम् (genitive plural)
जघने (locative singular)
जघनयोः (dual locative)
जघनेषु (locative plural)
जघनम् (nominative singular)
जघने (dual nominative)
जघनानि (nominative plural)
जघन (singular vocative)
जघने (dual vocative)
जघनानि (plural vocative)
जघनम् (accusative singular)
जघने (accusative dual)
जघनानि (accusative plural)
जघनेन (instrumental singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जघनैः (instrumental plural)
जघनाय (dative singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जघनेभ्यः (dative plural)
जघनात् (ablative singular)
जघनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जघनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जघनस्य (genitive singular)
जघनयोः (dual genitive)
जघनानाम् (genitive plural)
जघने (locative singular)
जघनयोः (dual locative)
जघनेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of जघन

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">जघन</i>

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ- (“dirty”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κοχώνη (kokhṓnē, “crotch”).

cog

the middle parts of the body, from navel downwards to the thighs


सुम्न

sumná (romanization)
सुम्नम् (nominative singular)
सुम्ने (dual nominative)
सुम्नानि (nominative plural)
सुम्ना1 (nominative plural)
सुम्न (singular vocative)
सुम्ने (dual vocative)
सुम्नानि (plural vocative)
सुम्ना1 (plural vocative)
सुम्नम् (accusative singular)
सुम्ने (accusative dual)
सुम्नानि (accusative plural)
सुम्ना1 (accusative plural)
सुम्नेन (instrumental singular)
सुम्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुम्नैः (instrumental plural)
सुम्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुम्नाय (dative singular)
सुम्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुम्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुम्नात् (ablative singular)
सुम्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुम्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुम्नस्य (genitive singular)
सुम्नयोः (dual genitive)
सुम्नानाम् (genitive plural)
सुम्ने (locative singular)
सुम्नयोः (dual locative)
सुम्नेषु (locative plural)

Probably from सु (su, “good, well, right etc.”) and the root √mnā / √man (“to think, believe, imagine etc.”). Compare Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos, “song, hymn, ode”).

satisfaction, peace, joy, happiness (RV.)