चित्त

Dardic:

Kalasha: čit

Kashmiri: ژێتھ (ċeth)

Khowar: چیت (čīt)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri: čit

Prasuni: čīt

Waigali: čīt

Pali: citta

→ Burmese: စိတ် (cit)

→ Malay: cita, cipta

→ Indonesian: cita, cipta

→ Khmer: ចិត្ត (cət)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 (citta)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: चीत (cīta)

⇒ Old Awadhi: चितवइ (citavaï)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: cīt, cītnā

desc

Hindi: चीत, चितना, चिताना (citānā)

Hindi: चीत, चितना, चिताना (citānā)

Urdu: چِیت (cīt), چِیتنَا (cītnā), چِتَانَا (citānā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চিত (sit)

Bengali: চিৎ (cit)

⇒ Bengali: চেতান (cetan)

Bihari:

Maithili: चित (cit)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: चित (cit)

Eastern Pahari:

⇒ Nepali: चिताउनु (citāunu)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: cití

Gurmukhi script: ਚਿਤਿ

Shahmukhi script: چِتِ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: citu

Arabic script: چِتُ

Devanagari script: चितु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހިތް (hit̊)

Sinhalese: සිත (sita), හිත (hita)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ચિત (cit), ચિતડું (citḍũ)

⇒ Gujarati: ચિતવું (citvũ)

Old Marwari: चित (cit)

→ Punjabi: ਚਿੱਤ (citta)

→ Hindi: चित्त (citt)

→ Nepali: चित्त (citta)

→ Telugu: చిత్తము (cittamu)

[ˈt͡ɕit̪̚.t̪ɐ]

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt- (“to notice”).


योग

yóga (romanization)
योगः (nominative singular)
योगौ (dual nominative)
योगा1 (dual nominative)
योगाः (nominative plural)
योगासः1 (nominative plural)
योग (singular vocative)
योगौ (dual vocative)
योगा1 (dual vocative)
योगाः (plural vocative)
योगासः1 (plural vocative)
योगम् (accusative singular)
योगौ (accusative dual)
योगा1 (accusative dual)
योगान् (accusative plural)
योगेन (instrumental singular)
योगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
योगैः (instrumental plural)
योगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
योगाय (dative singular)
योगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
योगेभ्यः (dative plural)
योगात् (ablative singular)
योगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
योगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
योगस्य (genitive singular)
योगयोः (dual genitive)
योगानाम् (genitive plural)
योगे (locative singular)
योगयोः (dual locative)
योगेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: যো (zü)

→ English: yoga

→ Old Javanese: yoga, yuga (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: योग (yog)

→ Odia: ଯୋଗ (joga)

→ Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam) (learned)

→ Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

Yoga, a group of mental and physical practises

आ तेन॑ यातं॒ मन॑सो॒ जवी॑यसा॒ रथं॒ यं वा॑मृ॒भव॑श्च॒क्रुर॑श्विना।
यस्य॒ योगे॑ दुहि॒ता जाय॑ते दि॒व उ॒भे अह॑नी सु॒दिने॑ वि॒वस्व॑तः॥
ā́ téna yātaṃ mánaso jávīyasā ráthaṃ yáṃ vāmṛbhávaścakrúraśvinā.
yásya yóge duhitā́ jā́yate divá ubhé áhanī sudíne vivásvataḥ.

Come on that chariot which the Rbhus made for you, the chariot Aśvins, that is speedier than thought, at harnessing whereof heaven's daughter springs to birth and from Vivasvat come auspicious night and day.

the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing, putting to (of horses)

employment, use, application, performance

means, expedient, device, way, manner, method

supernatural means, charm, incantation, magical art

trick, stratagem, fraud, deceit (compare yoga-nanda)

acquisition, gain, profit, wealth, property

योगम् (yogam) एति (eti)

to agree, consent, acquiesce in anything

any junction, union, combination, contact with (+instrumental with or without सह (sahá), or compound)

partaking of, possessing (instrumental or compound)

connection, relation (योगात् (yógāt), योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) at the end of a compound: in consequence of, on account of, by reason of, according to, through)

putting together, arrangement, disposition, regular succession

योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas)

suitably, fitly, duly, in the right manner

fitting together, fitness, propriety, suitability

योगतस् (yógatas)

पूर्णेन योगेन (pūrṇena yogena)

with all one's powers, with overflowing zeal

exertion, endeavour, zeal, diligence, industry, care, attention

yoga: application or concentration of the thoughts, abstract contemplation, meditation, (especially) self-concentration, abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system

any simple act or rite conducive to yoga or abstract meditation

Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya)

(in samkhya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 मूलिकअर्था (mūlikaarthā)s or radical facts)

पाशुपत पाशुपत#Sanskrit

(with पाशुपत (pāśupata)s) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul

(with पाञ्चरात्र (pāñcarātra)s) devotion, pious seeking after God

(with जैन (jaina)s) contact or mixing with the outer world

(astronomy) conjunction, lucky conjuncture

(astronomy) a constellation, asterism (these, with the moon, are called चान्द्रयोगाः (cāndrayogāḥ) and are 13 in number; without the moon they are called खयोगाः (khayogāḥ), or नाभसयोगाः (nābhasayogāḥ))

(astronomy) the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism

विष्कम्भ विष्कम्भ#Sanskrit

(astronomy) name of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes; there are 27 such yogas beginning with विष्कम्भ (viṣkambha) and ending with वैधृति (vaidhṛti))

(grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)

(grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism

the connection of a word with its root, original or etymological meaning (as opposed to रूढि (rūḍhi))

name of a scholiast or commentator on the परमार्थसार (paramārthasāra)


यन्त्र

yantrá (romanization)
यन्त्रम् (nominative singular)
यन्त्रे (dual nominative)
यन्त्राणि (nominative plural)
यन्त्रा1 (nominative plural)
यन्त्र (singular vocative)
यन्त्रे (dual vocative)
यन्त्राणि (plural vocative)
यन्त्रा1 (plural vocative)
यन्त्रम् (accusative singular)
यन्त्रे (accusative dual)
यन्त्राणि (accusative plural)
यन्त्रा1 (accusative plural)
यन्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
यन्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यन्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
यन्त्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यन्त्राय (dative singular)
यन्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
यन्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
यन्त्रात् (ablative singular)
यन्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यन्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यन्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
यन्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
यन्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
यन्त्रे (locative singular)
यन्त्रयोः (dual locative)
यन्त्रेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Dardic

Chitrali

Kashmiri: यन्द्र् (yandr)

Eastern Dardic

Kalasha: žontr

Phalura: yáandr

Torwali: ژان (žān)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀢 (jaṃta)
Avahattha:
Bengali: যাতা (jata)
Bihari
Bhojpuri: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰 (jā̃tā)
Magahi: 𑂔𑂰𑂀𑂞𑂰 (jā̃tā)
Early Assamese: জান্ত (janto), জান্ত্ (jant), জান্তি (janti)
Assamese: যাঁত (zãt), যাঁতি (zãti)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Romani: ǰándir, ǰándri
Kasmiri Apabhramsa:
Nepali: जाँतो (jā̃to)
Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
Hindi: जाँत (jā̃t)
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: jaṇḍu
Devanagari script: जंडु
Arabic script: جَنڊُ

Pali: yanta

desc

→ Khmer: យន្ត (yŭən), យ័ន្ត (yŭən), យន្ត្រ (yŭən)

→ Thai: ยนต์ (yon)

→ Assamese: যঁতৰ (zõtor), যন্ত্ৰ (zontro)

→ Baluchi: [script needed] (ǰandar, ǰantar, ǰanthir, ǰāthar, ǰathir)

→ Bengali: যন্তর (jontor), যন্ত্র (jontro)

→ Odia: ଯନ୍ତ୍ର (jantra)

→ Punjabi: ਜੰਦਰਾ (jandrā)

→ English: yantra

→ Kannada: ಯಂತ್ರ (yantra)

→ Malay: jentera

Indonesian: jentera

→ Malayalam: യന്ത്രം (yantraṁ)

→ Burmese: ယန္တရား (yanta.ra:)

→ Pashto: يندره (jandrá)

→ Persian: جندره (jandara) (see there for further descendants)

→ Tamil: இயந்திரம் (iyantiram)

→ Telugu: యంత్రము (yantramu)

→ Tocharian B: yāntärne

/ˈjɐn̪.t̪ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *yem-tró-m (“instrument of restraining”), from *yem- (“to hold, to restrain”). See also the root यम् (yam).

inh

सविता यन्त्रैः पृथिवीमरम्णादस्कम्भने सविता द्यामदृंहत् ।

Savitar fixed the earth with fetters to bind it, and made heaven stedfast where no prop supported.

savitā yantraiḥ pṛthivīmaramṇādaskambhane savitā dyāmadṛṃhat.

any instrument for holding or restraining or fastening, a prop, support, barrier; a fetter, band, tie, thong, rein

a surgical instrument (especially a blunt one, such as tweezers)

any instrument or apparatus, mechanical contrivance, engine, machine, implement, appliance (as a bolt or lock on a door, oars or sails in a boat. etc.)

an amulet, mystical diagram supposed to possess occult powers


सूत्र

sū́tra (romanization)
सूत्रम् (nominative singular)
सूत्रे (dual nominative)
सूत्राणि (nominative plural)
सूत्रा1 (nominative plural)
सूत्र (singular vocative)
सूत्रे (dual vocative)
सूत्राणि (plural vocative)
सूत्रा1 (plural vocative)
सूत्रम् (accusative singular)
सूत्रे (accusative dual)
सूत्राणि (accusative plural)
सूत्रा1 (accusative plural)
सूत्रेण (instrumental singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूत्रैः (instrumental plural)
सूत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूत्राय (dative singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सूत्रात् (ablative singular)
सूत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूत्रस्य (genitive singular)
सूत्रयोः (dual genitive)
सूत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सूत्रे (locative singular)
सूत्रयोः (dual locative)
सूत्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: sutr

Kalasha: sūtr̥, sūtr

Kashmiri: سَتھَر (sathar)

Khowar: شتر (šutur)

Phalura: سوتر (sūtr)

Pali: sutta

→ Burmese: သုတ် (sut)

→ Shan: သုၵ်ႈ (sūk)

→ English: sutta

→ Lao: ສູດ (sūt)

desc

→ Lü: ᦉᦳᧆᦏ (ṡudṫh)

→ Lü: ᦉᦳᧆᦏ (ṡudṫh)

→ Mon: သုတ်

→ Russian: су́тта (sútta)

→ Thai: สูตร (sùut)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta), 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀅 (suttia)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (sutta)

Hindustani: sūt

Hindi: सूत

Urdu: سُوت (sūt)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সুত (xut), সূতা (xuta), ছুতা (suta)

Bengali: সুতা (śuta)

Bihari: सूत (sūt), सूता (sūtā)

Bhojpuri: सूत (sūt)

Odia: ସୁଟା (suṭā)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: सूत (sūt)

Kumaoni: सूत (sūt)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुत (sut)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: सूट्ळ (sūṭḷ), सूट्ळू (sūṭḷū)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sūtar, sūt, sūtrī, sūtṛī

Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤਰ, ਸੂਤ, ਸੂਤਰੀ, ਸੂਤੜੀ

Shahmukhi script: سُوتَر, سُوت, سُوترِی, سُوتڑِی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: suṭru

Arabic script: سُٹرُ

Devanagari script: सुट्रु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އުއި (ui)

Sinhalese: හු (hu), හුය (huya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: sūta

Devanagari script: सूत (sūt)

Latin script: sut

Kannada script: ಸೂತ

Marathi: सूत (sūt)

Western:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Gujarati: સુતર (sutar)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sutlī

Hindi: सुतली

Urdu: سُترِی (sutrī)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ସୁତୁଲୋ (sutulo)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: सुत्लो (sutlo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुत्लि (sutli)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sūtī

Hindi: सूती

Urdu: سُوتِی (sūtī)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सुति (suti)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sūtī

Gurmukhi script: ਸੂਤੀ

Shahmukhi script: سُوتِی

Western:

Gujarati: સુતરિયો (sutriyo)

→ Middle Chinese: 修多羅 (MC sjuw ta la)

Mandarin: 修多羅 /修多罗 (xiūduōluō)

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (sūtra)

Khmer: សូត្រ (sout)

→ Old Malay: [script needed] (sūtra)

Classical Malay: سوترا (sutĕra)

Malay: sutera

Indonesian: sutra

→ Maranao: sotra'

→ Old Tagalog: ᜐᜓᜆ᜔ᜎ (sutla)

Tagalog: sutla

→ Old Tamil: 𑀘𑀽𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭𑀫𑁆 (cūttiram)

→ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (sudur)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)

Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ (sudur)

Mongolian: судар (sudar)

→ English: sutra

→ French: soutra

→ German: Sutra

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sutra

→ Polish: sutra

→ Portuguese: sutra

→ Serbo-Croatian: sutra

/ˈs̪uːt̪.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHtram, from Proto-Indo-European *súh₁trom, from *syuh₁- (“to sew”). Synchronically derivable from the root सिव् (siv, “to sew”), and connected with सूचि (sūci) and सूना (sūnā).

सूत्रपात (sū́tra-pāta)

यज्ञोपवीत यज्ञोपवीत#Sanskrit

the sacred thread or cord worn by the first three classes (compare यज्ञोपवीत (yajño-pavīta))

that which like a thread runs through or holds together everything, rule, direction

a short sentence or aphoristic rule, and any work or manual consisting of strings of such rules; hanging together like threads; or, alternatively, written on palm leaves which are strung together sutra


मृत

mṛta (romanization)
मृतम् (nominative singular)
मृते (dual nominative)
मृतानि (nominative plural)
मृत (singular vocative)
मृते (dual vocative)
मृतानि (plural vocative)
मृतम् (accusative singular)
मृते (accusative dual)
मृतानि (accusative plural)
मृतेन (instrumental singular)
मृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृतैः (instrumental plural)
मृताय (dative singular)
मृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
मृतात् (ablative singular)
मृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृतस्य (genitive singular)
मृतयोः (dual genitive)
मृतानाम् (genitive plural)
मृते (locative singular)
मृतयोः (dual locative)
मृतेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mer-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás
Sanskrit मृ॒त (mṛtá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós, from *mer- + *-tós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mər^əta), Latin mortuus, Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós), Persian مرده (morde). By surface analysis, मृ (mṛ, root) + -त (-ta).

etymon

मृ॒त

surf

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


आस्य

āsyà (romanization)
आस्यम् (nominative singular)
आस्ये (dual nominative)
आस्यानि (nominative plural)
आस्या1 (nominative plural)
आस्य (singular vocative)
आस्ये (dual vocative)
आस्यानि (plural vocative)
आस्या1 (plural vocative)
आस्यम् (accusative singular)
आस्ये (accusative dual)
आस्यानि (accusative plural)
आस्या1 (accusative plural)
आस्येन (instrumental singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आस्यैः (instrumental plural)
आस्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आस्याय (dative singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आस्येभ्यः (dative plural)
आस्यात् (ablative singular)
आस्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आस्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
आस्यस्य (genitive singular)
आस्ययोः (dual genitive)
आस्यानाम् (genitive plural)
आस्ये (locative singular)
आस्ययोः (dual locative)
आस्येषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalami: آئیں (ā̃y)

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: ٲس (ạ̄s)

Devanagari script: ॴस (ạ̄s)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)


कान्त

kānta (romanization)
कान्तः (nominative singular)
कान्तौ (dual nominative)
कान्ता1 (dual nominative)
कान्ताः (nominative plural)
कान्तासः1 (nominative plural)
कान्त (singular vocative)
कान्तौ (dual vocative)
कान्ता1 (dual vocative)
कान्ताः (plural vocative)
कान्तासः1 (plural vocative)
कान्तम् (accusative singular)
कान्तौ (accusative dual)
कान्ता1 (accusative dual)
कान्तान् (accusative plural)
कान्तेन (instrumental singular)
कान्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कान्तैः (instrumental plural)
कान्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कान्ताय (dative singular)
कान्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
कान्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
कान्तात् (ablative singular)
कान्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कान्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कान्तस्य (genitive singular)
कान्तयोः (dual genitive)
कान्तानाम् (genitive plural)
कान्ते (locative singular)
कान्तयोः (dual locative)
कान्तेषु (locative plural)

Pali: कंत (kaṃta)

Prakrit: कंत (kaṃta)

Apabhramsa: कंत (kaṃta) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Hindi: कांत (kānt), कांता (kāntā) (learned)

→ Malay: kanta
Indonesian: kanta

/ˈkɑːn̪.t̪ɐ/

Vṛddhi grade of कम् (kam, “to wish”) + -त (-ta). Compare कामयते (kāmayate, “wishes, desires”).


वारि

vā́ri (romanization)
वारि (nominative singular)
वारिणी (dual nominative)
वारीणि (nominative plural)
वारि1 (nominative plural)
वारी1 (nominative plural)
वारि (singular vocative)
वारे (singular vocative)
वारिणी (dual vocative)
वारीणि (plural vocative)
वारि1 (plural vocative)
वारी1 (plural vocative)
वारि (accusative singular)
वारिणी (accusative dual)
वारीणि (accusative plural)
वारि1 (accusative plural)
वारी1 (accusative plural)
वारिणा (instrumental singular)
वार्या1 (instrumental singular)
वारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वारिभिः (instrumental plural)
वारिणे (dative singular)
वारये1 (dative singular)
वारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
वारिभ्यः (dative plural)
वारिणः (ablative singular)
वारेः1 (ablative singular)
वारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
वारिणः (genitive singular)
वारेः1 (genitive singular)
वारिणोः (dual genitive)
वारीणाम् (genitive plural)
वारिणि (locative singular)
वारौ1 (locative singular)
वारा1 (locative singular)
वारिणोः (dual locative)
वारिषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বারি (bari)

Old Javanese: wari, warih (see there for further descendants)

Pali: vāri

From वार् (vār). Cognates include Latin ūrīnor, Old Armenian գայռ (gayṙ), and Ancient Greek ῥαίνω (rhaínō).


जा

jā́ (romanization)
जाः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जाः (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जाम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जाः (accusative plural)
जः2 (accusative plural)
जा (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाभिः (instrumental plural)
जे (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाभ्यः (dative plural)
जः (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जः (genitive singular)
जोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जाम्2 (genitive plural)
जि (locative singular)
जोः (dual locative)
जासु (locative plural)
जाः (nominative singular)
जौ (dual nominative)
जा1 (dual nominative)
जाः (nominative plural)
जाः (singular vocative)
जौ (dual vocative)
जा1 (dual vocative)
जाः (plural vocative)
जाम् (accusative singular)
जौ (accusative dual)
जा1 (accusative dual)
जाः (accusative plural)
जः2 (accusative plural)
जा (instrumental singular)
जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाभिः (instrumental plural)
जे (dative singular)
जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाभ्यः (dative plural)
जः (ablative singular)
जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जः (genitive singular)
जोः (dual genitive)
जानाम् (genitive plural)
जाम्2 (genitive plural)
जि (locative singular)
जोः (dual locative)
जासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵń̥h₁s, from *ǵenh₁-.


धी

dhī́ (romanization)
धीः (nominative singular)
धियौ (dual nominative)
धियः (nominative plural)
धीः (singular vocative)
धियौ (dual vocative)
धियः (plural vocative)
धियम् (accusative singular)
धियौ (accusative dual)
धियः (accusative plural)
धिया (instrumental singular)
धीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धीभिः (instrumental plural)
धिये (dative singular)
धियै1 (dative singular)
धीभ्याम् (dative dual)
धीभ्यः (dative plural)
धियः (ablative singular)
धियाः1 (ablative singular)
धियै2 (ablative singular)
धीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धीभ्यः (ablative plural)
धियः (genitive singular)
धियाः1 (genitive singular)
धियै2 (genitive singular)
धियोः (dual genitive)
धियाम् (genitive plural)
धीनाम्1 (genitive plural)
धियि (locative singular)
धियाम्1 (locative singular)
धियोः (dual locative)
धीषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰayH- (“to perceive”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬌𐬜𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (diδāⁱti, “to see”), Old Persian 𐎮𐎮𐎹 (di-di-y /dīdiy/, “see”, 2nd pers sg imperative), Persian دیدن (didan, “to see”).

cog

thought, (especially) religious thought,

reflection, meditation, devotion, prayer

(in the plural) Holy Thoughts personified

understanding, intelligence, wisdom (personified as the wife of Rudra-Manyu), knowledge, science, art


भू

bhū́ (romanization)
भूः (nominative singular)
भुवौ (dual nominative)
भुवः (nominative plural)
भूः (singular vocative)
भुवौ (dual vocative)
भुवः (plural vocative)
भुवम् (accusative singular)
भुवौ (accusative dual)
भुवः (accusative plural)
भुवा (instrumental singular)
भूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भूभिः (instrumental plural)
भुवे (dative singular)
भुवै1 (dative singular)
भूभ्याम् (dative dual)
भूभ्यः (dative plural)
भुवः (ablative singular)
भुवाः1 (ablative singular)
भुवै2 (ablative singular)
भूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भूभ्यः (ablative plural)
भुवः (genitive singular)
भुवाः1 (genitive singular)
भुवै2 (genitive singular)
भुवोः (dual genitive)
भुवाम् (genitive plural)
भूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
भुवि (locative singular)
भुवाम्1 (locative singular)
भुवोः (dual locative)
भूषु (locative plural)

Pali: bhū

→ Hindi: भू (bhū)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, be, grow, rise up”). Cognates include Ancient Greek φύω (phúō), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu), Latin fui, fīō, Proto-Germanic *buskaz, *beuną, and Old English beon (whence English be).

भूधर

'earth-bearing' - dwelling in the earth, a mountain

the place of being, space, world or universe

the earth (as constituting one of the 3 worlds)

earth (as a substance), ground, soil, land, landed property


दारु

dā́ru (romanization)
दारु (nominative singular)
दारुणी (dual nominative)
दारूणि (nominative plural)
दारु1 (nominative plural)
दारू1 (nominative plural)
दारु (singular vocative)
दारो (singular vocative)
दारुणी (dual vocative)
दारूणि (plural vocative)
दारु1 (plural vocative)
दारू1 (plural vocative)
दारु (accusative singular)
दारुणी (accusative dual)
दारूणि (accusative plural)
दारु1 (accusative plural)
दारू1 (accusative plural)
दारुणा (instrumental singular)
दार्वा1 (instrumental singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दारुभिः (instrumental plural)
दारुणे (dative singular)
दारवे1 (dative singular)
दार्वे1 (dative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (dative dual)
दारुभ्यः (dative plural)
दारुणः (ablative singular)
दारोः1 (ablative singular)
दार्वः1 (ablative singular)
दारुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दारुभ्यः (ablative plural)
दारुणः (genitive singular)
दारोः1 (genitive singular)
दार्वः1 (genitive singular)
दारुणोः (dual genitive)
दारूणाम् (genitive plural)
दारुणि (locative singular)
दारौ1 (locative singular)
दारुणोः (dual locative)
दारुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru (“tree, wood”), from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬎𐬭𐬎 (dāᵘru, “wood”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎽𐎢𐎺 (d-a-ru-u-v /dāruv/), Hittite 𒋫𒊒 (“taru”), Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”) (whence English dendr-), English tree, Proto-Slavic *drъvo

inh

तिग्मं चिदेम महि वर्पो अस्य भसदश्वो न यमसान आसा ।
विजेहमानः परशुर्न जिह्वां द्रविर्न द्रावयति दारु धक्षत् ॥
tigmaṃ cidema mahi varpo asya bhasadaśvo na yamasāna āsā.

Fierce is his (Agni's) gait and vast his wondrous body: he champeth like a horse with bit and bridle,
And, darting forth his tongue, as ’twere a hatchet, burning the wood, smelteth it like a smelter.

vijehamānaḥ paraśurna jihvāṃ dravirna drāvayati dāru dhakṣat.

देवदारु

devadāru, “: Cedrus deodara, Himalayan cedar”


जाति

जा॒ति (canonical)
jātí (romanization)
जातिः (nominative singular)
जाती (dual nominative)
जातयः (nominative plural)
जाते (singular vocative)
जाती (dual vocative)
जातयः (plural vocative)
जातिम् (accusative singular)
जाती (accusative dual)
जातीः (accusative plural)
जात्या (instrumental singular)
जाती1 (instrumental singular)
जातिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जातिभिः (instrumental plural)
जातये (dative singular)
जात्यै2 (dative singular)
जाती1 (dative singular)
जातिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जातिभ्यः (dative plural)
जातेः (ablative singular)
जात्याः2 (ablative singular)
जात्यै3 (ablative singular)
जातिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जातिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जातेः (genitive singular)
जात्याः2 (genitive singular)
जात्यै3 (genitive singular)
जात्योः (dual genitive)
जातीनाम् (genitive plural)
जातौ (locative singular)
जात्याम्2 (locative singular)
जाता1 (locative singular)
जात्योः (dual locative)
जातिषु (locative plural)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.t̪i/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis
Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́aHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́áHtiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. By surface analysis, जन् (jan, root) + -ति (-ti).

etymon

जा॒ति

surf

the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth

position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage

kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class

the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)

the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything

reduction of fractions to a common denominator

a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)


दुहितृ

duhitṛ́ (romanization)
दुह् (root)
दुहिता (nominative singular)
दुहितरौ (dual nominative)
दुहितरा1 (dual nominative)
दुहितरः (nominative plural)
दुहितः (singular vocative)
दुहितरौ (dual vocative)
दुहितरा1 (dual vocative)
दुहितरः (plural vocative)
दुहितरम् (accusative singular)
दुहितरौ (accusative dual)
दुहितरा1 (accusative dual)
दुहितॄः (accusative plural)
दुहित्रा (instrumental singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुहितृभिः (instrumental plural)
दुहित्रे (dative singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुहितृभ्यः (dative plural)
दुहितुः (ablative singular)
दुहितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुहितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुहितुः (genitive singular)
दुहित्रोः (dual genitive)
दुहितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
दुहितरि (locative singular)
दुहित्रोः (dual locative)
दुहितृषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: čhu

Gandhari: 𐨢𐨁𐨡 (dhida)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨢𐨁𐨟𐨂 (dhitu)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀼𑀳𑀺𑀆 (duhiā), 𑀥𑀻𑀆 (dhīā), 𑀥𑀽𑀆 (dhūā) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: duhitā, dhītar, dhītā

→ Bengali: দুহিতা (duhita)

→ Hindi: दुहितृ (duhitŕ)

→ Telugu: దుహిత (duhita)

→ Malayalam: ദുഹിതാ (duhitā)

→ Kannada: ದುಹಿತೆ (duhite)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰúgʰHtā
Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dúźʰHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuǰʰHtā, from an earlier *dʰúgʰHtā (“daughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr (“daughter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬔𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬭 (dugədar), Persian دختر (doxtar), Ancient Greek θυγάτηρ (thugátēr), English daughter.

etymon

त्वं त्येभि॒र् आ ग॑हि॒ वाजे॑भिर् दुहितर् दिवः।
अ॒स्मे र॒यिं नि धा॑रय॥
tváṃ tyébhir ā́ gahi vā́jebhir duhitar divaḥ.

Daughter of heaven, approach with these viands, and perpetuate our wealth


दातृ

sa-noun

dā́tṛ, dātṛ́

dā́tṛ (romanization)
dātṛ́ (romanization)
दाता (nominative singular)
दातारौ (dual nominative)
दातारा1 (dual nominative)
दातारः (nominative plural)
दातः (singular vocative)
दातारौ (dual vocative)
दातारा1 (dual vocative)
दातारः (plural vocative)
दातारम् (accusative singular)
दातारौ (accusative dual)
दातारा1 (accusative dual)
दातॄन् (accusative plural)
दात्रा (instrumental singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दातृभिः (instrumental plural)
दात्रे (dative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
दातृभ्यः (dative plural)
दातुः (ablative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
दातुः (genitive singular)
दात्रोः (dual genitive)
दातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
दातरि (locative singular)
दात्रोः (dual locative)
दातृषु (locative plural)
दाता (nominative singular)
दातारौ (dual nominative)
दातारा1 (dual nominative)
दातारः (nominative plural)
दातः (singular vocative)
दातारौ (dual vocative)
दातारा1 (dual vocative)
दातारः (plural vocative)
दातारम् (accusative singular)
दातारौ (accusative dual)
दातारा1 (accusative dual)
दातॄन् (accusative plural)
दात्रा (instrumental singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दातृभिः (instrumental plural)
दात्रे (dative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
दातृभ्यः (dative plural)
दातुः (ablative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
दातुः (genitive singular)
दात्रोः (dual genitive)
दातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
दातरि (locative singular)
दात्रोः (dual locative)
दातृषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ɑː.t̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃tōr (“giver, donor”), from *deh₃- (“to give”) (whence ददाति (dádāti)). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (dātar), Ancient Greek δώτωρ (dṓtōr)/δωτήρ (dōtḗr), Latin dator.

inh

one who gives a daughter (gen.) in marriage

a father or brother who gives a daughter or sister in marriage


दातृ

dātṛ́ (romanization)
दाता (nominative singular)
दातारौ (dual nominative)
दातारा1 (dual nominative)
दातारः (nominative plural)
दातः (singular vocative)
दातारौ (dual vocative)
दातारा1 (dual vocative)
दातारः (plural vocative)
दातारम् (accusative singular)
दातारौ (accusative dual)
दातारा1 (accusative dual)
दातॄन् (accusative plural)
दात्रा (instrumental singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दातृभिः (instrumental plural)
दात्रे (dative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
दातृभ्यः (dative plural)
दातुः (ablative singular)
दातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
दातुः (genitive singular)
दात्रोः (dual genitive)
दातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
दातरि (locative singular)
दात्रोः (dual locative)
दातृषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ɑː.t̪r̩/

From दा (dā, “to cut, mow”) + -तृ (-tṛ).


जनि

jáni (romanization)
जनिः (nominative singular)
जनी (dual nominative)
जनयः (nominative plural)
जने (singular vocative)
जनी (dual vocative)
जनयः (plural vocative)
जनिम् (accusative singular)
जनी (accusative dual)
जनीः (accusative plural)
जन्या (instrumental singular)
जनी1 (instrumental singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनिभिः (instrumental plural)
जनये (dative singular)
जन्यै2 (dative singular)
जनी1 (dative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनिभ्यः (dative plural)
जनेः (ablative singular)
जन्याः2 (ablative singular)
जन्यै3 (ablative singular)
जनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जन्युर् (genitive singular)
जन्योः (dual genitive)
जनीनाम् (genitive plural)
जनौ (locative singular)
जन्याम्2 (locative singular)
जना1 (locative singular)
जन्योः (dual locative)
जनिषु (locative plural)

The sense “woman” is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬇𐬥𐬌 (jə̄ni), 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (jaⁱni, “woman”), Persian زن (zan),
Central Kurdish ژن (jin), Ancient Greek γῠνή (gŭnḗ) (whence English gyno-), English queen. Doublet of ग्ना (gnā́).
The sense “birth”, which has been conflated with the word for “woman”, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”), whence also जन (jana, “people”), जनस् (janas, “race”), जनिमन् (janiman, “birth”), etc.

der

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


गो

gó (romanization)
गौः (nominative singular)
गावौ (dual nominative)
गावा1 (dual nominative)
गावः (nominative plural)
गौः (singular vocative)
गावौ (dual vocative)
गावा1 (dual vocative)
गावः (plural vocative)
गाम् (accusative singular)
गावौ (accusative dual)
गावा1 (accusative dual)
गाः (accusative plural)
गावः (accusative plural)
गवा (instrumental singular)
गोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोभिः (instrumental plural)
गवे (dative singular)
गोभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोभ्यः (dative plural)
गोः (ablative singular)
गोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोः (genitive singular)
गवोः (dual genitive)
गवाम् (genitive plural)
गोनाम् (genitive plural)
गवि (locative singular)
गवोः (dual locative)
गोषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

gā́ḥ,gā́vaḥ²

Dardic:

Kamkata-viri: gō

Kashmiri: گاو (gāv)

Tirahi: gọ̈̄

Torwali: گو (gō)

Phalura: گو (gū)

Pashayi:

Northeast Pashayi: gō

Southeast Pashayi: gā

Shina: گو (gū)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গাই (gai)

Bengali: গাই (gai)

Marathi: गाय (gāy)

Nepali: गाई (gāī)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਗਾਂ (gā̃), Punjabi: ਗਾਈਂ (gāī̃)

Shahmukhi script: گاں (gāṉ), Shahmukhi script: گائں (gā'iṉ)

Pali: go, gāva

→ Khmer: គោ (koo)

→ Thai: โค (koo)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀈 (gāī)

Gujarati:

Gujarati script: ગાય (gāya)

Lisan ud-Dawat Gujarati: گایہ (gāya)

Hindi: गाय (gāy), गो (go)

Urdu: گائے (gāe)

Sinhalese: ගව (gawa)

→ Hindi: गौ (gau)

→ Telugu: గోవు (gōvu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš
Sanskrit गो (go)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs, Old English cū (whence English cow).

etymon

आ गावो॑ अग्मन्नु॒त भ॒द्रम॑क्र॒न्त्सीद॑न्तु गो॒ष्ठे र॒णय॑न्त्व॒स्मे।
प्र॒जाव॑तीः पुरु॒रूपा॑ इ॒ह स्यु॒रिन्द्रा॑य पू॒र्वीरु॒षसो॒ दुहा॑नाः॥
ā́ gā́vo agmannutá bhadrámakrantsī́dantu goṣṭhé raṇáyantvasmé.

The cows have come and brought good fortune: let them rest in the cow-pen and be happy near us.
Here let them stay prolific, many-coloured, and yield their milk for Indra through many mornings.

prajā́vatīḥ pururū́pā ihá syuríndrāya pūrvī́ruṣáso dúhānāḥ.

(in the plural) cattle, kine, herd of cattle

(usually in the plural) anything coming from or belonging to an ox or cow, milk, flesh, skin, hide, leather, strap of leather, bow-string, sinew

(poetic, in the plural) "the herds of the sky", the stars


गिरि

girí (romanization)
गिरिः (nominative singular)
गिरी (dual nominative)
गिरयः (nominative plural)
गिरे (singular vocative)
गिरी (dual vocative)
गिरयः (plural vocative)
गिरिम् (accusative singular)
गिरी (accusative dual)
गिरीन् (accusative plural)
गिरिणा (instrumental singular)
गिर्या1 (instrumental singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
गिरये (dative singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
गिरेः (ablative singular)
गिर्यः1 (ablative singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गिरेः (genitive singular)
गिर्यः1 (genitive singular)
गिर्योः (dual genitive)
गिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
गिरौ (locative singular)
गिरा1 (locative singular)
गिर्योः (dual locative)
गिरिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گری (grī)

Shina: گر (giri)

→ Domaaki: گیر (gīri)

Pali: giri

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (giri)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގާ (gā)

desc

Sinhalese: ගිරි (giri), ගිර (gira), ගල (gala)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀭𑀺 (giri)

→ Old Awadhi: (learned)

Arabic script: گِر (gr)

Devanagari script: गिरि (giri)

Kaithi script: 𑂏𑂱𑂩𑂱 (giri)

→ Old Javanese: giri

→ Kannada: ಗಿರಿ (giri) (learned)

→ Malay: giri (learned)

→ Telugu: గిరి (giri) (learned)

→ Thai: คิริ (kí-rí) (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš (“mountain”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥H-í-s (“elevation”), from *gʷerH- (“to elevate”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gaⁱri, “mountain”), Pashto غر (ǧar), Old Church Slavonic гора (gora, “mountain”), Ancient Greek Βορέας (Boréas), Albanian gur.

cog

अज्रा॒ इन्द्र॑स्य गि॒रय॑श् चिद् ऋ॒ष्वा ग॑म्भी॒रे चि॑द् भवति गा॒धम् अ॑स्मै ॥

High mountains are like level plains to Indra: even in the deep he finds firm ground to rest on.

ájrā índrasya giráyaś cid ṛṣvā́ gambhīré cid bhavati gādhám asmai.

mountain, hill, elevation, rising ground


गिरि

giri (romanization)
गिरिः (nominative singular)
गिरी (dual nominative)
गिरयः (nominative plural)
गिरे (singular vocative)
गिरी (dual vocative)
गिरयः (plural vocative)
गिरिम् (accusative singular)
गिरी (accusative dual)
गिरीः (accusative plural)
गिर्या (instrumental singular)
गिरी1 (instrumental singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
गिरये (dative singular)
गिर्यै2 (dative singular)
गिरी1 (dative singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
गिरेः (ablative singular)
गिर्याः2 (ablative singular)
गिर्यै3 (ablative singular)
गिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गिरेः (genitive singular)
गिर्याः2 (genitive singular)
गिर्यै3 (genitive singular)
गिर्योः (dual genitive)
गिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
गिरौ (locative singular)
गिर्याम्2 (locative singular)
गिरा1 (locative singular)
गिर्योः (dual locative)
गिरिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-í-s (“husband's sister”). Cognate with Armenian տալ (tal), Ancient Greek γάλως (gálōs), Latin glōs, Proto-Slavic *zъly.
However, the attestation of this meaning (instead of "mountain") is contested by Griffiths & Lubotsky (2009).


गिरि

sa-noun form

गिरि • (girí) f

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

locative singular of गिर् (gír, “praise”)


ग्ना

gnā́ (romanization)
gnáas (Vedic)
ग्नाः (nominative singular)
ग्नौ (dual nominative)
ग्ना1 (dual nominative)
ग्नाः (nominative plural)
ग्नाः (singular vocative)
ग्नौ (dual vocative)
ग्ना1 (dual vocative)
ग्नाः (plural vocative)
ग्नाम् (accusative singular)
ग्नौ (accusative dual)
ग्ना1 (accusative dual)
ग्नाः (accusative plural)
ग्नः2 (accusative plural)
ग्ना (instrumental singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्नाभिः (instrumental plural)
ग्ने (dative singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्नाभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्नः (ablative singular)
ग्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्नाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्नः (genitive singular)
ग्नोः (dual genitive)
ग्नानाम् (genitive plural)
ग्नाम्2 (genitive plural)
ग्नि (locative singular)
ग्नोः (dual locative)
ग्नासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gnáHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gnáHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷnéh₂-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬥𐬀 (gəna), English queen. Doublet of जनि (jáni).


अर्जुन

árjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनम् (nominative singular)
अर्जुने (dual nominative)
अर्जुनानि (nominative plural)
अर्जुना1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुने (dual vocative)
अर्जुनानि (plural vocative)
अर्जुना1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुने (accusative dual)
अर्जुनानि (accusative plural)
अर्जुना1 (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀼𑀡 (ajjuṇa, “silver”)

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).

inh

भूमिष्ट्वा पातु हरितेन विश्वभृदग्निः पिपर्त्वयसा सजोषाः ।
वीरुद्भिष्टे अर्जुनं संविदानं दक्षं दधातु सुमनस्यमानम् ॥
bhūmiṣṭvā pātu haritena viśvabhṛdagniḥ pipartvayasā sajoṣāḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.28.5

With gold let Earth protect thee, and with iron, accordant, all-sustaining Agni save thee!
And in accordance with the plants may silver, regarding thee with favour, grant thee vigour.

vīrudbhiṣṭe arjunaṃ saṃvidānaṃ dakṣaṃ dadhātu sumanasyamānam.

slight inflammation of the conjunctiva or white of the eye

(in the plural) the descendants of Arjuna


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुना1 (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनासः1 (nominative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुना1 (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)
अर्जुनासः1 (plural vocative)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुना1 (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: arjuna

→ Tocharian B: arjuṃ

/ˈɐɾ.d͡ʑu.n̪ɐ/

Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia arjuna#Translingual


अन

aná (romanization)
अनः (nominative singular)
अनौ (dual nominative)
अना1 (dual nominative)
अनाः (nominative plural)
अनासः1 (nominative plural)
अन (singular vocative)
अनौ (dual vocative)
अना1 (dual vocative)
अनाः (plural vocative)
अनासः1 (plural vocative)
अनम् (accusative singular)
अनौ (accusative dual)
अना1 (accusative dual)
अनान् (accusative plural)
अनेन (instrumental singular)
अनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनैः (instrumental plural)
अनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अनाय (dative singular)
अनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अनात् (ablative singular)
अनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनस्य (genitive singular)
अनयोः (dual genitive)
अनानाम् (genitive plural)
अने (locative singular)
अनयोः (dual locative)
अनेषु (locative plural)

From the root अन् (an), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”). Cognate with Latin animus.


आति

ātí (romanization)
आतिः (nominative singular)
आती (dual nominative)
आतयः (nominative plural)
आते (singular vocative)
आती (dual vocative)
आतयः (plural vocative)
आतिम् (accusative singular)
आती (accusative dual)
आतीः (accusative plural)
आत्या (instrumental singular)
आती1 (instrumental singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आतये (dative singular)
आत्यै2 (dative singular)
आती1 (dative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आतेः (ablative singular)
आत्याः2 (ablative singular)
आत्यै3 (ablative singular)
आतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आतेः (genitive singular)
आत्याः2 (genitive singular)
आत्यै3 (genitive singular)
आत्योः (dual genitive)
आतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आतौ (locative singular)
आत्याम्2 (locative singular)
आता1 (locative singular)
आत्योः (dual locative)
आतिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: ạ́i

Khowar: آڑی (áɫi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀟𑀺 (āḍi)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHtíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Cognate with Latin anas, Ancient Greek νῆττᾰ (nêttă), Ossetian ацц (acc), Old East Slavic уты (uty), Old Prussian antis, Old English æned.

यदा॑सु॒ मर्तो॑ अ॒मृता॑सु नि॒स्पृक्सं क्षो॒णीभिः॒ क्रतु॑भि॒र्न पृ॒ङ्क्ते ।
ता आ॒तयो॒ न त॒न्वः॑ शुम्भत॒ स्वा अश्वा॑सो॒ न क्री॒ळयो॒ दन्द॑शानाः ॥
yádāsu márto amṛ́tāsu nispṛ́ksáṃ kṣoṇī́bhiḥ krátubhirná pṛṅkté.

When a mortal, going to caress immortal women, mingles (with their bodies) amid their cries, as if by his intentions,
like ducks they preen their own bodies, like horses playful and constantly nipping.

tā́ ātáyo ná tanvàḥ śumbhata svā́ áśvāso ná krīḷáyo dándaśānāḥ.

(Vedic) an aquatic bird, probably a duck

the bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus, formerly known as Turdus ginginianus)

Anser indicus
Anser indicus#Translingual


अङ्क

aṅká (romanization)
अञ्च् (root)
अङ्कः (nominative singular)
अङ्कौ (dual nominative)
अङ्का1 (dual nominative)
अङ्काः (nominative plural)
अङ्कासः1 (nominative plural)
अङ्क (singular vocative)
अङ्कौ (dual vocative)
अङ्का1 (dual vocative)
अङ्काः (plural vocative)
अङ्कासः1 (plural vocative)
अङ्कम् (accusative singular)
अङ्कौ (accusative dual)
अङ्का1 (accusative dual)
अङ्कान् (accusative plural)
अङ्केन (instrumental singular)
अङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अङ्कैः (instrumental plural)
अङ्केभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अङ्काय (dative singular)
अङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
अङ्केभ्यः (dative plural)
अङ्कात् (ablative singular)
अङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अङ्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
अङ्कस्य (genitive singular)
अङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
अङ्कानाम् (genitive plural)
अङ्के (locative singular)
अङ्कयोः (dual locative)
अङ्केषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀅𑀁𑀓-𑀟-𑀓 (*aṃka-ḍa-ka)

Bengali: আঁকড়া (ãkoṛa)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀓 (aṃka)
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: आंक (āṃka)
Modi script: 𑘁𑘽𑘎 (āṃka)

desc

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀅𑀁𑀓-𑀟-𑀓 (*aṃka-ḍa-ka)

Marathi: आकडा (ākḍā)

Malay: angka

Indonesian: angka

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਅੰਕੜਾ (aṅkaṛā), ਅੰਕੜ (aṅkaṛ), ਅੰਕ (aṅka)

Sauraseni Prakrit: *𑀅𑀁𑀓-𑀟-𑀕 (*aṃka-ḍa-ga)

Hindi: आँकड़ा (ā̃kṛā)

Hindi: आँकड़ा (ā̃kṛā)

Gujarati: આંકડો (ā̃kaḍo)

→ Hindi: अंक (aṅk)

→ Malayalam: അങ്കം (aṅkaṁ), അക്കം (akkaṁ)

→ Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: अंक (aṃka)

Modi script: 𑘀𑘽𑘎 (aṃka)

→ Tamil: அங்கம் (aṅkam)

→ Thai: องก์ (ong)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hankás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hánkas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ónkos, from *h₂enk- (“curve, bend”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos), Latin uncus, Old East Slavic паукъ (paukŭ).

RV 1.162.13d
यन नीक्षणं मांस्पचन्या उखाया या पात्राणि यूष्णासेचनानि |
ऊष्मण्यापिधाना चरूणामङकाः सूनाःपरि भूषन्त्यश्वम ||
yan nīkṣaṇaṃ māṃspacanyā ukhāyā yā pātrāṇi yūṣṇaāsecanāni |
ūṣmaṇyāpidhānā carūṇāmaṅkāḥ sūnāḥpari bhūṣantyaśvam ||
The trial-fork of the flesh-cooking caldron, the vessels out of which the broth is sprinkled,
The warming-pots, the covers of the dishes, hooks, carving-boards,—all these attend the Charger.

the curve in the human, especially the female, figure above the hip (where infants sitting, astride are carried by mothers hence often = 'breast' or 'lap')

a numerical figure, cipher, a figure or mark branded on an animal etc.

any mark, line, stroke, ornament, stigma


मांस

māṃsá (romanization)
मांसम् (nominative singular)
मांसे (dual nominative)
मांसानि (nominative plural)
मांसा1 (nominative plural)
मांस (singular vocative)
मांसे (dual vocative)
मांसानि (plural vocative)
मांसा1 (plural vocative)
मांसम् (accusative singular)
मांसे (accusative dual)
मांसानि (accusative plural)
मांसा1 (accusative plural)
मांसेन (instrumental singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मांसैः (instrumental plural)
मांसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मांसाय (dative singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मांसेभ्यः (dative plural)
मांसात् (ablative singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मांसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मांसस्य (genitive singular)
मांसयोः (dual genitive)
मांसानाम् (genitive plural)
मांसे (locative singular)
मांसयोः (dual locative)
मांसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (mās)

Domaaki: [script needed] (mos)

Kalami: [script needed] (mā̃s)

Kalasha: mos

Kashmiri: ماس (mās), ماز (māz)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (mos)

Phalura: [script needed] (mahās)

Savi: [script needed] (mās)

Shina: موز (moz), [script needed] (mos)

Tirahi: [script needed] (mās)

Torwali: ماس (mās)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (mās)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)

Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)

Kholosi: māz

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa)

Assamese: মঙহ (moṅoh)

Bengali: মাস (maś)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: माँस (mā̃s)

Magahi: 𑂧𑂰𑂁𑂮 (māns)

Maithili: मास (mās), मासु (māsu)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀲 (maṃsa), 𑀫𑀸𑀲 (māsa), 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa) — Māgadhī
Central:
Eastern Hindi:
Chhattisgarhi: मास (mās)
Western Hindi:
Old Hindi: मांस (mā̃sa)
Braj: मास (mās)
Bundeli: मास (mās), माँस (mā̃s)
Hindustani: mā̃s, mās
Hindi: माँस, मास
Urdu: مَان٘سْ (mā̃s), مَاسْ (mās)
Northern:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: मासु (māsu)
Kumaoni: मासु (māsu)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: मासु (māsu)
Western Pahari:
Dogri: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Dogra script: 𑠢𑠬𑠩
Southern:
Insular:
Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)
Marathi-Konkani:
Konkani: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Kannada script: ಮಾಸ್
Latin script: mas
Old Marathi: mauṃsa
Devanagari script: मौंस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘼𑘽𑘭
Marathi: mās, māusa
Devanagari script: मास, मांस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘭, 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘭
Northwestern:
Sindhi: māhu
Arabic script: ماهُ
Devanagari script: माहु
Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋠𑋞𑋣
Western:
Ahirani: मास (mās)
Gojri: مَاسْ (mās)
Gujarati: માંસ (mā̃s)
Kholosi: môz
Malvi: माँस (mā̃s)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: मंस (mans), मांस (māns), माँस (mā̃s), मौंस (ma͠us)
Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅰 (mns), 𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅰 (muns)
Romani: mas

Old Marathi: मांस (māṃsa)

Marathi: मांस (māusa)

Pali: maṁsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀲 (maṃsa), 𑀫𑀸𑀲 (māsa), 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa) — Māgadhī
Central:
Eastern Hindi:
Chhattisgarhi: मास (mās)
Western Hindi:
Old Hindi: मांस (mā̃sa)
Braj: मास (mās)
Bundeli: मास (mās), माँस (mā̃s)
Hindustani: mā̃s, mās
Hindi: माँस, मास
Urdu: مَان٘سْ (mā̃s), مَاسْ (mās)
Northern:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: मासु (māsu)
Kumaoni: मासु (māsu)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: मासु (māsu)
Western Pahari:
Dogri: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Dogra script: 𑠢𑠬𑠩
Southern:
Insular:
Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)
Marathi-Konkani:
Konkani: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Kannada script: ಮಾಸ್
Latin script: mas
Old Marathi: mauṃsa
Devanagari script: मौंस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘼𑘽𑘭
Marathi: mās, māusa
Devanagari script: मास, मांस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘭, 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘭
Northwestern:
Sindhi: māhu
Arabic script: ماهُ
Devanagari script: माहु
Khudabadi script: 𑋗𑋠𑋞𑋣
Western:
Ahirani: मास (mās)
Gojri: مَاسْ (mās)
Gujarati: માંસ (mā̃s)
Kholosi: môz
Malvi: माँस (mā̃s)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: मंस (mans), मांस (māns), माँस (mā̃s), मौंस (ma͠us)
Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅰 (mns), 𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅰 (muns)
Romani: mas

→ Tamil: மாமிசம் (māmicam)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *mems-
Proto-Indo-European *mḗmsder.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám
Sanskrit मांस (māṃsa)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám, from Proto-Indo-European *mēms-ó-m (“flesh, meat”). Cognate with Albanian mish, Old Church Slavonic мѧсо (męso), Latin membrum, Old Armenian միս (mis), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌼𐌶 (mimz, “meat”).

inh

श्रो॒णाम् एक॑ उद॒कं गाम् अवा॑जति मां॒सम् एकः॑ पिंशति सू॒नयाभृ॑तं ।

One drives the crippled cow downward to the water, another trims the meat brought on the carving-board.

śroṇā́m éka udakáṃ gā́m ávājati māṃsám ékaḥ piṃśati sūnáyā́bhṛtaṃ.


एड

eḍa (romanization)
एडः (nominative singular)
एडौ (dual nominative)
एडा1 (dual nominative)
एडाः (nominative plural)
एडासः1 (nominative plural)
एड (singular vocative)
एडौ (dual vocative)
एडा1 (dual vocative)
एडाः (plural vocative)
एडासः1 (plural vocative)
एडम् (accusative singular)
एडौ (accusative dual)
एडा1 (accusative dual)
एडान् (accusative plural)
एडेन (instrumental singular)
एडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एडैः (instrumental plural)
एडेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एडाय (dative singular)
एडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एडेभ्यः (dative plural)
एडात् (ablative singular)
एडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एडस्य (genitive singular)
एडयोः (dual genitive)
एडानाम् (genitive plural)
एडे (locative singular)
एडयोः (dual locative)
एडेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Kurukh एड़ा (eṛā), Telugu ఏట (ēṭa).

a woman in the retinue of Skanda (in the Mahābhārata)


अश्मन्

áśman (romanization)
अश्मा (nominative singular)
अश्मानौ (dual nominative)
अश्माना1 (dual nominative)
अश्मानः (nominative plural)
अश्मन् (singular vocative)
अश्मानौ (dual vocative)
अश्माना1 (dual vocative)
अश्मानः (plural vocative)
अश्मानम् (accusative singular)
अश्मानौ (accusative dual)
अश्माना1 (accusative dual)
अश्मनः (accusative plural)
अश्मना (instrumental singular)
अश्ना (instrumental singular)
अश्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्मभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्मने (dative singular)
अश्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्मभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्मनः (ablative singular)
अश्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्मनः (genitive singular)
अश्नः (genitive singular)
अश्मनोः (dual genitive)
अश्मनाम् (genitive plural)
अश्मनि (locative singular)
अश्मन्1 (locative singular)
अश्मनोः (dual locative)
अश्मसु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun-m

áśmanaḥ,áśnaḥ²

áśmanā,áśnā²

Pali: amhā

Apabhramsa: अंभ (aṃbha)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥 (asman), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (asmānam), Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn), Lithuanian akmuo, Persian آسمان (âsemân).

any instrument made of stone (as a hammer etc.)


शाखा

śā́khā (romanization)
शाखा (nominative singular)
शाखे (dual nominative)
शाखाः (nominative plural)
शाखे (singular vocative)
शाखे (dual vocative)
शाखाः (plural vocative)
शाखाम् (accusative singular)
शाखे (accusative dual)
शाखाः (accusative plural)
शाखया (instrumental singular)
शाखा1 (instrumental singular)
शाखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाखाभिः (instrumental plural)
शाखायै (dative singular)
शाखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाखाभ्यः (dative plural)
शाखायाः (ablative singular)
शाखायै2 (ablative singular)
शाखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाखाभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाखायाः (genitive singular)
शाखायै2 (genitive singular)
शाखयोः (dual genitive)
शाखानाम् (genitive plural)
शाखायाम् (locative singular)
शाखयोः (dual locative)
शाखासु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀸 (sāhā)

Pali: sākhā

→ Bengali: শাখা (śakha)

→ Khmer: សាខា (saakhaa)

→ Lao: ສາຂາ (sā khā)

→ Thai: สาขา (sǎa-kǎa)

Romani: śax (“cabbage”)

→ Balinese: ᬰᬵᬓᬵ (saka)

→ English: shakha

→ Gujarati: શાખા (śākhā)

→ Hindi: शाखा (śākhā)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘰𑘬𑘰 (sāṣā)

→ Marathi: शाखा (śākhā)

→ Punjabi: ਸ਼ਾਖਾ (śākhā)

→ Telugu: శాఖ (śākha)

→ Tamil: சாகை (cākai)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćā́kʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókh₂eh₂ (“branch”). Cognate with Persian شاخ (šâx, “branch”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Irish géc (“branch”).

cog

पर वो यज्ञेषु देवयन्तो अर्चन दयावा नमोभिः परिथिवी इषध्यै |
येषां बरह्माण्यसमानि विप्रा विष्वग वियन्ति वनिनो न शाखाः ||
pra vo yajñeṣu devayanto arcan dyāvā namobhiḥ prithivī iṣadhyai |
yeṣāṃ brahmāṇyasamāni viprā viṣvagh viyanti vanino na śākhāḥ ||

The Holy Singers, whose unmatched devotions, like a tree's branches, part in all directions.

SING out the pious at your sacrifices to move with adorations Earth and Heaven-

shakha: a branch or school of the Veda (each school adhering to its own traditional text and interpretation)

plant products - Śāka (sa: शाक):— “plant products”, "vegetables" viz. greens, root, fruit, leaf, flower, etc term used throughout Ayurvedic literature.

a vegetarian - Shakahari (sa:शाकाहारी). Śākāhāra (sa: शाकाहार), Śākāhārī (sa:शाकाहारी).

teak tree - Shakavriksha, Śākavṛkṣa, Shaka-vriksha (sa: Śākavṛkṣa, शाकवृक्ष) - the teak tree, compound consisting of the terms śāka(शाक) and vṛkṣa (वृक्ष). Śākavṛkṣa (शाकवृक्ष):— [śāka-vṛkṣa] (kṣaḥ) 1. m. The teak tree.

a carpenter - Takṣaka (sa:तक्षक) refers to the “carpenter” in Vastu Shastra architecture manuals.

द्वारशाखा द्वारशाखा#Sanskrit

a door-post (compare द्वारशाखा (dvāra-śākhā))

संहिता संहिता#Sanskrit

शाखास्कन्ध शाखास्कन्ध#Sanskrit

the third part of an astrological संहिता (saṃhitā) (also शाखास्कन्ध (śākhā-skandha), m.)


शिरस्

śíras (romanization)
शिरः (nominative singular)
शिरसी (dual nominative)
शिरांसि (nominative plural)
शिरः (singular vocative)
शिरसी (dual vocative)
शिरांसि (plural vocative)
शिरः (accusative singular)
शिरसी (accusative dual)
शिरांसि (accusative plural)
शिरसा (instrumental singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिरोभिः (instrumental plural)
शिरसे (dative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (dative plural)
शिरसः (ablative singular)
शिरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिरसः (genitive singular)
शिरसोः (dual genitive)
शिरसाम् (genitive plural)
शिरसि (locative singular)
शिरसोः (dual locative)
शिरःसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Awadhi: सिर (sir)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)

desc

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: සිර (sira)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Assamese: সিৰ (xir)

Bengali: শির (śir)

Maithili: सिर (sir)

Odia: ସିର (sira)

Pali: siras

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)

Garhwali: सिर (sir)

Gujarati: સિર (sir)

Hindustani:

Hindi: सिर (sir)

Urdu: سر (sir)

Kumaoni: सिर (sir)

Nepali: सिर (sira)

Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir), سر (sir)

desctree

Romani: śero, shero (Anglicized), šero (Pan-Vlax)
→ Hungarian: séró

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar), Latin cerebrum.

इ॒दं ह्यन्वोज॑सा सु॒तं रा॑धानां पते । पिबा॒ त्व१॒॑स्य गि॑र्वणः ॥ यस्ते॒ अनु॑ स्व॒धामस॑त्सु॒ते नि य॑च्छ त॒न्वं॑ । स त्वा॑ ममत्तु सो॒म्यं ॥ प्र ते॑ अश्नोतु कु॒क्ष्योः प्रेन्द्र॒ ब्रह्म॑णा॒ शिरः॑ । प्र बा॒हू शू॑र॒ राध॑से ॥

So, Lord of affluent gifts, this juice hath been pressed for thee with strength. Drink of it, thou who lovest song. Incline thy body to this juice which suits thy Godlike nature well. May it cheer thee who lovest it. Brave Indra, let it work through both thy flanks, and through thy head by prayer, and through thine arms, to prosper us.

idáṃ hyánvójasā sutáṃ rādhānāṃ pate. píbā tvàsyá girvaṇaḥ. yáste ánu svadhā́másatsuté ní yaccha tanvàṃ. sá tvā mamattu somyáṃ. prá te aśnotu kukṣyóḥ préndra bráhmaṇā śíraḥ. prá bāhū́ śūra rā́dhase.

the upper end or highest part of anything, top, peak, summit, pinnacle, acme

the head, leader, chief, foremost, first (of a class)


शर्वर

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerberó- (“piebald”).


शिशिर

śiśira (romanization)
शिशिरः (nominative singular)
शिशिरौ (dual nominative)
शिशिरा1 (dual nominative)
शिशिराः (nominative plural)
शिशिरासः1 (nominative plural)
शिशिर (singular vocative)
शिशिरौ (dual vocative)
शिशिरा1 (dual vocative)
शिशिराः (plural vocative)
शिशिरासः1 (plural vocative)
शिशिरम् (accusative singular)
शिशिरौ (accusative dual)
शिशिरा1 (accusative dual)
शिशिरान् (accusative plural)
शिशिरेण (instrumental singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिशिरैः (instrumental plural)
शिशिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिशिराय (dative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिशिरात् (ablative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिशिरस्य (genitive singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual genitive)
शिशिराणाम् (genitive plural)
शिशिरे (locative singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual locative)
शिशिरेषु (locative plural)
शिशिरम् (nominative singular)
शिशिरे (dual nominative)
शिशिराणि (nominative plural)
शिशिरा1 (nominative plural)
शिशिर (singular vocative)
शिशिरे (dual vocative)
शिशिराणि (plural vocative)
शिशिरा1 (plural vocative)
शिशिरम् (accusative singular)
शिशिरे (accusative dual)
शिशिराणि (accusative plural)
शिशिरा1 (accusative plural)
शिशिरेण (instrumental singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिशिरैः (instrumental plural)
शिशिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिशिराय (dative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिशिरात् (ablative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिशिरस्य (genitive singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual genitive)
शिशिराणाम् (genitive plural)
शिशिरे (locative singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual locative)
शिशिरेषु (locative plural)

A reduplicative formation, from either Proto-Indo-Aryan *śi-śiH-ra- or *ḱi-ḱḷH-o-. In the former case, the word would be related to श्यै (śyai, “to freeze”), while in the latter case, it would be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH- (“warm, cold”), and thus be cognate with Persian سرد (sard, “cold”) and Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”). Probably also cognate with Old Armenian սառն (saṙn).


शिशिर

śiśira (romanization)
शिशिरः (nominative singular)
शिशिरौ (dual nominative)
शिशिरा1 (dual nominative)
शिशिराः (nominative plural)
शिशिरासः1 (nominative plural)
शिशिर (singular vocative)
शिशिरौ (dual vocative)
शिशिरा1 (dual vocative)
शिशिराः (plural vocative)
शिशिरासः1 (plural vocative)
शिशिरम् (accusative singular)
शिशिरौ (accusative dual)
शिशिरा1 (accusative dual)
शिशिरान् (accusative plural)
शिशिरेण (instrumental singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिशिरैः (instrumental plural)
शिशिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिशिराय (dative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिशिरात् (ablative singular)
शिशिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिशिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिशिरस्य (genitive singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual genitive)
शिशिराणाम् (genitive plural)
शिशिरे (locative singular)
शिशिरयोः (dual locative)
शिशिरेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sisira

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sisira)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sisir

Hindi: सिसिर (sisir)

Urdu: سِسِر (sisir)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bihari:

Maithili: सिसिर (sisir)

Bengali: শিশির (śiśir)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހިހޫ (hihū)

Sinhalese: සිසිල් (sisil)

Western:

Gurjara Apabhramsa:

Old Gujarati: सिसर (sisara)

→ Hindustani: śiśir

Hindi: शिशिर (śiśir)

Urdu: شیشِر (śeśir)

→ Nepali: शिशिर (śiśira) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: සිසිර (sisira) (learned)

→ Telugu: శిశిరము (śiśiramu)

the cool or dewy season (comprising two months, माघ and फाल्गुन, or from about the middle of January to that of March)


राजन्

rā́jan (romanization)
राजा (nominative singular)
राजानौ (dual nominative)
राजाना1 (dual nominative)
राजानः (nominative plural)
राजन् (singular vocative)
राजानौ (dual vocative)
राजाना1 (dual vocative)
राजानः (plural vocative)
राजानम् (accusative singular)
राजानौ (accusative dual)
राजाना1 (accusative dual)
राज्ञः (accusative plural)
राज्ञा (instrumental singular)
राजभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
राजभिः (instrumental plural)
राज्ञे (dative singular)
राजभ्याम् (dative dual)
राजभ्यः (dative plural)
राज्ञः (ablative singular)
राजभ्याम् (ablative dual)
राजभ्यः (ablative plural)
राज्ञः (genitive singular)
राज्ञोः (dual genitive)
राज्ञाम् (genitive plural)
राज्ञि (locative singular)
राजनि (locative singular)
राजन्1 (locative singular)
राज्ञोः (dual locative)
राजसु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀬 (rāya)

Assamese: ৰায় (ray)

Bengali: রায় (raẏ)

Kamta: ৰায় (ray)

desc

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀆 (rāā), 𑀭𑀸𑀬 (rāya)

Marathi: राव (rāv)

→ Kannada: ರಾಯ (rāya)

desctree

Pali: rājan
→ Burmese: ရာဇ (raja.)
→ Khmer: រាជ (riəc)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀬 (rāya)

Old Gujarati: रा (rā), राय (rāya)

Gujarati: રાય (rāya), રાવ (rāv)

Hindi: राय (rāy)

Romani: raj

→ Assamese: ৰজা (roza)

→ Bengali: রাজা (raja)

desc

→ Dhivehi: ރަދުން (radun̊), ރާއްޖެ (rājje)

→ Proto-South Dravidian: *aracan

Telugu: అరుసు (arusu), అరసు (arasu)

Tulu: [script needed] (arasu), [script needed] (arase)

Kannada: ಅರಸ (arasa), ಅರಸು (arasu)

Malayalam: അരചൻ (aracaṉ)

Tamil: அரசன் (aracaṉ)

→ Persian: رای (rây)

desctree

→ Gujarati: રાજા (rājā)
→ Vaghri: રાજા (rājā)

→ Hindi: राजा (rājā)

→ French: radjah

→ Spanish: rajá

→ Tagalog: raha

→ Cebuano: raha

→ Kashmiri: राज़ (rāz)

desc

→ Urdu: راجہ

→ Urdu: راجہ

→ Kannada: ರಾಜ (rāja)

→ Lao: ລາຊາ (lā sā)

→ Malayalam: രാജാവ് (rājāvŭ), രാജ (rāja)

→ Malay: raja; (راج)

Indonesian: raja; van ophuijsen spelling (radja)

Semai: rajak

→ Tagalog: ladya

→ Tausug: raja

→ Maranao: radia

→ Marathi: राजा (rājā)

→ Nepali: राजा (rājā)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rāja
> Javanese: ꦫꦗ (raja) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬚ (raja)

→ Punjabi: ਰਾਜਾ (rājā)

→ Sindhi: راجا

→ Sinhalese: රජ (raja)

→ Sundanese: raja

desc

→ Tamil: ராஜா (rājā), ராசா (rācā), ராஜன் (rājaṉ), இராஜா (irājā), இராசா (irācā) — standard form

→ Telugu: రాజు (rāju)

→ Thai: ราชา (raa-chaa), ราช (râat)

→ Toba Batak: ᯒᯐ (raja)

/ɾɑ́ː.d͡ʑɐn/

/ˈɾɑː.d͡ʑɐn̪/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Sanskrit राजन् (rājan)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵ-ō. Cognate with Latin rēx (“king”), Welsh rhi. Also compare राज् (rāj, “king”).

etymon

स रा॒यस्खामुप॑ सृजा गृणा॒नः पु॑रुश्च॒न्द्रस्य॒ त्वमि॑न्द्र॒ वस्वः॑ ।
पति॑र्बभू॒थास॑मो॒ जना॑ना॒मेको॒ विश्व॑स्य॒ भुव॑नस्य॒ राजा॑ ॥
sá rāyáskhā́múpa sṛjā gṛṇānáḥ puruścandrásya tvámindra vásvaḥ.

Lauded by us, let flow the spring, O Indra, of excellent and brightly-shining riches.
For thou art Lord of men, without an equal: of all the world thou art the only King.

pátirbabhūthā́samo jánānāméko víśvasya bhúvanasya rā́jā.

Coordinate term: राज्ञी (rājñī, “queen”)


अविक

avika (romanization)
अविकः (nominative singular)
अविकौ (dual nominative)
अविका1 (dual nominative)
अविकाः (nominative plural)
अविकासः1 (nominative plural)
अविक (singular vocative)
अविकौ (dual vocative)
अविका1 (dual vocative)
अविकाः (plural vocative)
अविकासः1 (plural vocative)
अविकम् (accusative singular)
अविकौ (accusative dual)
अविका1 (accusative dual)
अविकान् (accusative plural)
अविकेन (instrumental singular)
अविकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अविकैः (instrumental plural)
अविकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अविकाय (dative singular)
अविकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अविकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अविकात् (ablative singular)
अविकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अविकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अविकस्य (genitive singular)
अविकयोः (dual genitive)
अविकानाम् (genitive plural)
अविके (locative singular)
अविकयोः (dual locative)
अविकेषु (locative plural)

From अवि (avi) + -क (-ka, a diminutive masculine nominal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”).


अस्थि

अस्थि ॑ (canonical)
ásthi (romanization)
अस्थि (nominative singular)
अस्थिनी (dual nominative)
अस्थीनि (nominative plural)
अस्थि1 (nominative plural)
अस्थी1 (nominative plural)
अस्थि (singular vocative)
अस्थे (singular vocative)
अस्थिनी (dual vocative)
अस्थीनि (plural vocative)
अस्थि1 (plural vocative)
अस्थी1 (plural vocative)
अस्थि (accusative singular)
अस्थिनी (accusative dual)
अस्थीनि (accusative plural)
अस्थि1 (accusative plural)
अस्थी1 (accusative plural)
अस्थिना (instrumental singular)
अस्थ्या1 (instrumental singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्थिभिः (instrumental plural)
अस्थिने (dative singular)
अस्थये1 (dative singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्थिभ्यः (dative plural)
अस्थिनः (ablative singular)
अस्थेः1 (ablative singular)
अस्थिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्थिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्थिनः (genitive singular)
अस्थेः1 (genitive singular)
अस्थिनोः (dual genitive)
अस्थीनाम् (genitive plural)
अस्थिनि (locative singular)
अस्थौ1 (locative singular)
अस्था1 (locative singular)
अस्थिनोः (dual locative)
अस्थिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: aṭhí

Khowar: استی (astī)

Pali: atthi

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: অস্থি (osthi)

→ Hindi: अस्थि (asthi)

→ Kannada: ಅಸ್ಥಿ (asthi)

→ Old Javanese: asthi

→ Punjabi: ਅਸਥੀ (asathī)

→ Telugu: అస్థి (asthi)

→ Urdu: استھ (asthi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH
Sanskrit अस्थि॑ (ásthi)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HástʰH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon), Latin os, Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙 (ast), Persian است (ast), Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

etymon

अस्थि॑

सं ते मज्जा मज्ज्ञा भवतु समु ते परुषा परुः ।
सं ते मांसस्य विस्रस्तं सम्अस्थ्य्अपि रोहतु ॥
saṃ te majjā majjñā bhavatu samu te paruṣā paruḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 4.12.3

With marrow be the marrow joined, thy limb united with the limb.
Let what hath fallen of thy flesh, and the bone also grow again.

saṃ te māṃsasya visrastaṃ samasthyapi rohatu.


अक्षि

ákṣi (romanization)
अक्षि (nominative singular)
अक्षिणी (dual nominative)
अक्षीणि (nominative plural)
अक्षि1 (nominative plural)
अक्षी1 (nominative plural)
अक्षि (singular vocative)
अक्षे (singular vocative)
अक्षिणी (dual vocative)
अक्षीणि (plural vocative)
अक्षि1 (plural vocative)
अक्षी1 (plural vocative)
अक्षि (accusative singular)
अक्षिणी (accusative dual)
अक्षीणि (accusative plural)
अक्षि1 (accusative plural)
अक्षी1 (accusative plural)
अक्षिणा (instrumental singular)
अक्ष्या1 (instrumental singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षिभिः (instrumental plural)
अक्षिणे (dative singular)
अक्षये1 (dative singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षिभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षिणः (ablative singular)
अक्षेः1 (ablative singular)
अक्षिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षिणः (genitive singular)
अक्षेः1 (genitive singular)
अक्षिणोः (dual genitive)
अक्षीणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षिणि (locative singular)
अक्षौ1 (locative singular)
अक्षा1 (locative singular)
अक्षिणोः (dual locative)
अक्षिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalami: اڄ (ac̣)

Kalasha: eč

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: أچھ (ạch)

Devanagari script: ॲछ (ạch)

Sharada script: 𑆃𑆾𑇋𑆗 (ạch)

>? Khowar: غیچ (ġeč)

Phalura: ac̣híi

Shina: اَڇھی (aċhī)

Pali: akkhi

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺 (akkhi), 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Hindustani:
Hindi: आँख (ā̃kh)
Urdu: آن٘کھ (ā̃kh)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Early Assamese: আখি (akhi)
Assamese: আখি (akhi)
Old Bengali: আখি
Bengali: আঁখ (ãkh), আঁখি (ãkhi)
Odia: ଆଖି (ākhi)
Insular Indo-Aryan: (< 𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺 (acchi))
Sinhalese: ඇස (æsa)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Nepali: आँखा (ā̃khā)
Dogri: हाख्खि (hākhkhi)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਖ (akkha)
Shahmukhi script: اَکّھ (akkh)
Sindhi: अखि (akhi)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: આંખ (ā̃kha)
Romani: jakh
Marwari: [script needed] (ākhi)

→ Bengali: অক্ষি (okkhi) (learned)

→ Malayalam: അക്ഷി (akṣi) (learned)

→ Odia: ଅକ୍ଷି (akshi) (learned)

→ Tamil: அக்கு (akku)

→ Telugu: అక్షి (akṣi) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši
Sanskrit अक्षि (akṣi)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hákṣi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hákši, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs (“eye”), from *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Latin oculus, Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse), Old Armenian ակն (akn) and աչք (ačʻkʻ), Old English ēage (whence English eye).

etymon

गुहा॒ शिरो॒ निहि॑त॒मृध॑ग्अक्षी असि॑न्वन्नत्ति जि॒ह्वया॒ वना॑नि।
अत्रा॑ण्यस्मै प॒ड्भिः सं भ॑रन्त्युत्ता॒नह॑स्ता॒ नम॒साधि॑ वि॒क्षु॥
gúhā śíro níhitamṛ́dhagakṣī asinvannatti jihváyā vánāni.

His head is deposited in a cavern; his eyes are wide apart; with his tongue he devours the wood without masticating; the priests approaching on food reverently offer him oblations among the people with uplifted hands.

átrāṇyasmai paḍbhíḥ sáṃ bharantyuttānáhastā námasā́dhi vikṣú.


नभ्य

nábhya (romanization)
नभ्यम् (nominative singular)
नभ्ये (dual nominative)
नभ्यानि (nominative plural)
नभ्या1 (nominative plural)
नभ्य (singular vocative)
नभ्ये (dual vocative)
नभ्यानि (plural vocative)
नभ्या1 (plural vocative)
नभ्यम् (accusative singular)
नभ्ये (accusative dual)
नभ्यानि (accusative plural)
नभ्या1 (accusative plural)
नभ्येन (instrumental singular)
नभ्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नभ्यैः (instrumental plural)
नभ्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नभ्याय (dative singular)
नभ्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
नभ्येभ्यः (dative plural)
नभ्यात् (ablative singular)
नभ्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नभ्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
नभ्यस्य (genitive singular)
नभ्ययोः (dual genitive)
नभ्यानाम् (genitive plural)
नभ्ये (locative singular)
नभ्ययोः (dual locative)
नभ्येषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnábʰyam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnábʰyam, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃nobʰ-yom, from *h₃nebʰ- (“navel”).


अयस्

áyas (romanization)
अयः (nominative singular)
अयसी (dual nominative)
अयांसि (nominative plural)
अयः (singular vocative)
अयसी (dual vocative)
अयांसि (plural vocative)
अयः (accusative singular)
अयसी (accusative dual)
अयांसि (accusative plural)
अयसा (instrumental singular)
अयोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अयोभिः (instrumental plural)
अयसे (dative singular)
अयोभ्याम् (dative dual)
अयोभ्यः (dative plural)
अयसः (ablative singular)
अयोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अयोभ्यः (ablative plural)
अयसः (genitive singular)
अयसोः (dual genitive)
अयसाम् (genitive plural)
अयसि (locative singular)
अयसोः (dual locative)
अयःसु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀬 (aya)

Pali: aya, ayo

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háyas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos (“metal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah) Latin aes, Old English ār (whence English ore).

इन्द्र॑ मृ॒ळ मह्यं॑ जी॒वातु॑मिच्छ चो॒दय॒ धिय॒म्अय॑सो॒ न धारा॑म्।
यत्किं चा॒हं त्वा॒युरि॒दं वदा॑मि॒ तज्जु॑षस्व कृ॒धि मा॑ दे॒वव॑न्तम्॥
índra mṛḷá máhyaṃ jīvā́tumiccha codáya dhíyamáyaso ná dhā́rām.

Be gracious, Indra, let my days be lengthened: sharpen my thought as it were a blade of copper
Approve whatever words I speak, dependent on you, and grant me your divine protection.

yátkíṃ cāháṃ tvāyúridáṃ vádāmi tájjuṣasva kṛdhí mā devávantam.


अहर्

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háźʰr̥, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háȷ́ʰr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵʰ-r̥ ~ *h₂ǵʰ-én-s (“day”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬭 (aiiar, “day”) and possibly Old English dæġ (whence English day).

inh

sacrificial or festival day, portion of a sacrifice appointed for one day's performance

day personified as one of the eight Vasus


पक्षी

head

पक्षी • (pakṣī́) m

पक्षिन् पक्षिन्#Sanskrit


द्वार्

dvā́r (romanization)
द्वाः (nominative singular)
द्वारौ (dual nominative)
द्वारा1 (dual nominative)
द्वारः (nominative plural)
दुरः (nominative plural)
द्वाः (singular vocative)
द्वारौ (dual vocative)
द्वारा1 (dual vocative)
द्वारः (plural vocative)
द्वारम् (accusative singular)
द्वारौ (accusative dual)
द्वारा1 (accusative dual)
द्वारः (accusative plural)
दुरः (accusative plural)
दुरः (accusative plural)
द्वारा (instrumental singular)
द्वार्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वार्भिः (instrumental plural)
द्वारे (dative singular)
द्वार्भ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वार्भ्यः (dative plural)
द्वारः (ablative singular)
द्वार्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वार्भ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वारः (genitive singular)
द्वारोः (dual genitive)
द्वाराम् (genitive plural)
द्वारि (locative singular)
द्वारोः (dual locative)
द्वार्षु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dwā́r, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *d(ʰ)wā́r, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (duuar), Latin foris, Ancient Greek θύρα (thúra), Old English duru, dor (whence English door).

अप॒ द्वारा॑ मती॒नां प्र॒त्ना ऋ॑ण्वन्ति का॒रवः॑ ।
वृष्णो॒ हर॑स आ॒यवः॑ ॥
ápa dvā́rā matīnā́ṃ pratnā́ ṛṇvanti kārávaḥ.

The singing-men ancient time open the doors of sacred songs,
men, for the mighty to accept.

(figuratively) expedient, means, opportunity


क्ष

kṣá (romanization)
क्षः (nominative singular)
क्षौ (dual nominative)
क्षा1 (dual nominative)
क्षाः (nominative plural)
क्षासः1 (nominative plural)
क्ष (singular vocative)
क्षौ (dual vocative)
क्षा1 (dual vocative)
क्षाः (plural vocative)
क्षासः1 (plural vocative)
क्षम् (accusative singular)
क्षौ (accusative dual)
क्षा1 (accusative dual)
क्षान् (accusative plural)
क्षेण (instrumental singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षैः (instrumental plural)
क्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्षाय (dative singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षात् (ablative singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षस्य (genitive singular)
क्षयोः (dual genitive)
क्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षे (locative singular)
क्षयोः (dual locative)
क्षेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰā́s, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžā́s (compare Avestan 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊), Persian زمین (zamin)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (compare Russian земля́ (zemljá), Latvian zeme, Latin humus, Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn)). Might be an innovation from earlier क्षम् (kṣám), which preserves the original feminine gender.

the protector or cultivator of a field, peasant


हनु

hánu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनूः (accusative plural)
हन्वा (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वै1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वै2 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वै2 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰánuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰánuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).

inh

अप॑श्यमस्य मह॒तो म॑हि॒त्वमम॑र्त्यस्य॒ मर्त्या॑सु वि॒क्षु।
नाना॒ हनू॒ विभृ॑ते॒ सं भ॑रेते॒ असि॑न्वती॒ बप्स॑ती॒ भूर्य॑त्तः॥
ápaśyamasya maható mahitvámámartyasya mártyāsu vikṣú.

I have beheld the might of the adorable Agni, immortal in the hearts of mortal beings; his two jaws, divided asunder, shut together; devouring without masticating consume much fuel.

nā́nā hánū víbhṛte sáṃ bharete ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ryattaḥ.


हनु

hánu (romanization)
हनु (nominative singular)
हनुनी (dual nominative)
हनूनि (nominative plural)
हनु1 (nominative plural)
हनू1 (nominative plural)
हनु (singular vocative)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनुनी (dual vocative)
हनूनि (plural vocative)
हनु1 (plural vocative)
हनू1 (plural vocative)
हनु (accusative singular)
हनुनी (accusative dual)
हनूनि (accusative plural)
हनु1 (accusative plural)
हनू1 (accusative plural)
हनुना (instrumental singular)
हन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनुने (dative singular)
हनवे1 (dative singular)
हन्वे1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनुनः (ablative singular)
हनोः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वः1 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनुनः (genitive singular)
हनोः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वः1 (genitive singular)
हनुनोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनुनि (locative singular)
हनौ1 (locative singular)
हनुनोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)


हनु

hanu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनूः (accusative plural)
हन्वा (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वै1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वै2 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वै2 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)

"anything which destroys or injures life", a weapon


हनु

hanu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनून् (accusative plural)
हनुना (instrumental singular)
हन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वे1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वः1 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)


जानु

jā́nu (romanization)
जानु (nominative singular)
जानुनी (dual nominative)
जानूनि (nominative plural)
जानु1 (nominative plural)
जानू1 (nominative plural)
जानु (singular vocative)
जानो (singular vocative)
जानुनी (dual vocative)
जानूनि (plural vocative)
जानु1 (plural vocative)
जानू1 (plural vocative)
जानु (accusative singular)
जानुनी (accusative dual)
जानूनि (accusative plural)
जानु1 (accusative plural)
जानू1 (accusative plural)
जानुना (instrumental singular)
जान्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जानुभिः (instrumental plural)
जानुने (dative singular)
जानवे1 (dative singular)
जान्वे1 (dative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जानुभ्यः (dative plural)
जानुनः (ablative singular)
जानोः1 (ablative singular)
जान्वः1 (ablative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जानुनः (genitive singular)
जानोः1 (genitive singular)
जान्वः1 (genitive singular)
जानुनोः (dual genitive)
जानूनाम् (genitive plural)
जानुनि (locative singular)
जानौ1 (locative singular)
जानुनोः (dual locative)
जानुषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: දන (dana)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Lahnda:

Khetrani: [script needed] (jā̃ṇu)

Pali: jānu

→ Telugu: జానువు (jānuvu)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.n̪u/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́nu (“knee”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).
Cognate with Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʻ), Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), Latin genu (“knee”), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬎 (zānu), Persian زانو (zânu), Old English cnēow (whence English knee)).

आच्या जानु दक्षिणतो निषद्येमं यज्ञमभि गृणीत विश्वे ।
मा हिंसिष्ट पितरः केन चिन्नो यद्व आगः पुरुषता कराम ॥
ācyā jānu dakṣiṇato niṣadyemaṃ yajñamabhi gṛṇīta viśve.

Bowing your bended knees and seated southward, accept this sacrifice of ours with favour.
Punish us not for any sin, O Fathers, which we through human frailty have committed.

mā hiṃsiṣṭa pitaraḥ kena cinno yadva āgaḥ puruṣatā karāma.


जम्भ

jámbha (romanization)
जम्भः (nominative singular)
जम्भौ (dual nominative)
जम्भा1 (dual nominative)
जम्भाः (nominative plural)
जम्भासः1 (nominative plural)
जम्भ (singular vocative)
जम्भौ (dual vocative)
जम्भा1 (dual vocative)
जम्भाः (plural vocative)
जम्भासः1 (plural vocative)
जम्भम् (accusative singular)
जम्भौ (accusative dual)
जम्भा1 (accusative dual)
जम्भान् (accusative plural)
जम्भेन (instrumental singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जम्भैः (instrumental plural)
जम्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जम्भाय (dative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
जम्भात् (ablative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जम्भस्य (genitive singular)
जम्भयोः (dual genitive)
जम्भानाम् (genitive plural)
जम्भे (locative singular)
जम्भयोः (dual locative)
जम्भेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: জাবর (jabor)

inc-ext

Maharastri Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Old Marathi:

Marathi: जबडा (jabḍā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਜਬਾੜਾ (jabāṛā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

desctree

Romani: ćham (“cheek”)
Angloromani: cham

Sauraseni Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: जबड़ा (jabṛā)

Urdu: جَبْڑَا (jabṛā)

→ Hindi: जंभ (jambh) (learned)

/d͡ʑɐ́m.bʱɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɐm.bʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ámbʰas (“tooth, jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”). Cognate with Pashto ژامه (žā́ma, “jaw”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos).

inh

सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः।
वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः॥
sadyo jātasya dadṛśānamojo yadasya vāto anuvāti śociḥ.

Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour,
His sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with his teeth even solid food consumeth.

vṛṇakti tigmāmataseṣu jihvāṃ sthirā cidannā dayate vi jambhaiḥ.

(in the plural) set of teeth, mouth, jaws

one who crushes or swallows (as a demon)

name of several demons (conquered by Vishnu, Krishna or Indra)

a leader of the demons in the war against the gods under Indra


हंस

haṃsá (romanization)
हंसः (nominative singular)
हंसौ (dual nominative)
हंसा1 (dual nominative)
हंसाः (nominative plural)
हंसासः1 (nominative plural)
हंस (singular vocative)
हंसौ (dual vocative)
हंसा1 (dual vocative)
हंसाः (plural vocative)
हंसासः1 (plural vocative)
हंसम् (accusative singular)
हंसौ (accusative dual)
हंसा1 (accusative dual)
हंसान् (accusative plural)
हंसेन (instrumental singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हंसैः (instrumental plural)
हंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हंसाय (dative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
हंसात् (ablative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हंसस्य (genitive singular)
हंसयोः (dual genitive)
हंसानाम् (genitive plural)
हंसे (locative singular)
हंसयोः (dual locative)
हंसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: أنٛز (ạnz)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: হাঁহ (hãh)

Bengali: হাঁস (hãs)

Sylheti: ꠀꠃꠀ (áúa), ꠀꠁ (áí)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੰਸ (hans)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).

हंसाव्इव पततमा सुताँ उप ॥

Like wild geese, fly here to the soma-pressings.

a goose, gander, swan, flamingo (or other aquatic bird, considered as a bird of passage)

sometimes a mere poetical or mythical bird, said in Rigveda to be able to separate Soma from water, when these two fluids are mixed, and in later literature, milk from water when these two are mixed

the soul or spirit (typified by the pure white colour of a goose or swan, and migratory like a goose)

sometimes "the Universal Soul or Supreme Spirit", identified with Virāj, Nārāyaṇa, Vishnu, Shiva, Kāma, and the Sun

(in the dual) "the universal and the individual Spirit"

a man of supernatural qualities born under a particular constellation

an excellent draught-ox (according to some, a buffalo)


हरि

hári (romanization)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीन् (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्यः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्यः1 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: hari (“lion”)
> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (hari) (inherited)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰárHiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-i-s, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (zaⁱri), Persian زر (zar, “gold”). Related to हिरण्य (híraṇya).

मनुष्याः मनुष्य

(in the plural) men, people (= मनुष्याः)


हिरण्य

híraṇya (romanization)
हिरण्यम् (nominative singular)
हिरण्ये (dual nominative)
हिरण्यानि (nominative plural)
हिरण्या1 (nominative plural)
हिरण्य (singular vocative)
हिरण्ये (dual vocative)
हिरण्यानि (plural vocative)
हिरण्या1 (plural vocative)
हिरण्यम् (accusative singular)
हिरण्ये (accusative dual)
हिरण्यानि (accusative plural)
हिरण्या1 (accusative plural)
हिरण्येन (instrumental singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हिरण्यैः (instrumental plural)
हिरण्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हिरण्याय (dative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (dative plural)
हिरण्यात् (ablative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
हिरण्यस्य (genitive singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual genitive)
हिरण्यानाम् (genitive plural)
हिरण्ये (locative singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual locative)
हिरण्येषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀦 (hiraṃna)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)

Pali: hirañña
→ Khmer: ហិរញ្ញ (herañ)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: රන් (ran)

Dhivehi: ރަން (ran̊)

desc

→ Tamil: ஹிரண்யம் (hiraṇyam), இரணியம் (iraṇiyam)

→ Bengali: হিরণ (hiron) (semi-learned)

[ɦí.ɾɐj̃.jɐ]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam
Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃-en-yo-m, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow, golden”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zarańiia, “gold”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y /daraniya/, “gold”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), English gold and yellow. Also related to हरि (hári).

cog

ई॒शा॒नासो॒ ये दध॑ते॒ स्व॑र्णो॒ गोभि॒रश्वे॑भि॒र्वसु॑भि॒र्हिर॑ण्यैः ।
इन्द्र॑वायू सू॒रयो॒ विश्व॒मायु॒रर्व॑द्भिर्वी॒रैः पृत॑नासु सह्युः ॥
īśānā́so yé dádhate svárṇo góbhiráśvebhirvásubhirhíraṇyaiḥ.

O Indra and Vayu, may these rulees who give us heavenly light with gifts of cows and horses, gold and treasures overcome in battle with their steeds and heroes through full life.

índravāyū sūráyo víśvamā́yurárvadbhirvīráiḥ pṛ́tanāsu sahyuḥ.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

any vessel or ornament made of gold (as 'a golden spoon')


हेमन्त

hemantá (romanization)
हेमन्तः (nominative singular)
हेमन्तौ (dual nominative)
हेमन्ता1 (dual nominative)
हेमन्ताः (nominative plural)
हेमन्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हेमन्त (singular vocative)
हेमन्तौ (dual vocative)
हेमन्ता1 (dual vocative)
हेमन्ताः (plural vocative)
हेमन्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हेमन्तम् (accusative singular)
हेमन्तौ (accusative dual)
हेमन्ता1 (accusative dual)
हेमन्तान् (accusative plural)
हेमन्तेन (instrumental singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हेमन्तैः (instrumental plural)
हेमन्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हेमन्ताय (dative singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हेमन्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हेमन्तात् (ablative singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हेमन्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हेमन्तस्य (genitive singular)
हेमन्तयोः (dual genitive)
हेमन्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हेमन्ते (locative singular)
हेमन्तयोः (dual locative)
हेमन्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Phalura: ہیواند (heewaánd)

desctree

Pali: hemanta
→ Burmese: ဟေမန္တ (hemanta.), ဟေမန် (heman) (learned)
→ Khmer: ហេមន្ត (heemɑn) (learned)

Prakrit: 𑀳𑁂𑀫𑀁𑀢 (hemaṃta)

Hindustani:

Hindi: हेवंत (hevant)

Romani: ivend

→ Bengali: হেমন্ত (hemôntô) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಹೇಮಂತ (hēmanta) (learned)

desc

→ Malayalam: ഹേമന്തം (hēmantaṁ) (learned)

→ Tamil: ஹேமந்தம் (hēmantam), ஏமந்தம் (ēmantam) (learned)

→ Telugu: హేమంతము (hēmantamu) (learned)

→ Thai: เหมันต์ (hěe-man) (learned)

/ɦeːˈmɐn̪.t̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰaymantás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeyméns, from *ǵʰey- (“winter”). Cognate with Latin hībernum (“winter”), Ancient Greek χεῖμᾰ (kheîmă), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Old Armenian ձմեռն (jmeṙn), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊, “winter”).

शतं जीव शरदो वर्धमानः शतं हेमन्ताञ् छतम् उ वसन्तान्।

Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters.

śataṃ jīva śarado vardhamānaḥ śataṃ hemantāñ chatam u vasantān.


हस्त

hásta (romanization)
हस्तः (nominative singular)
हस्तौ (dual nominative)
हस्ता1 (dual nominative)
हस्ताः (nominative plural)
हस्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्त (singular vocative)
हस्तौ (dual vocative)
हस्ता1 (dual vocative)
हस्ताः (plural vocative)
हस्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हस्तम् (accusative singular)
हस्तौ (accusative dual)
हस्ता1 (accusative dual)
हस्तान् (accusative plural)
हस्तेन (instrumental singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्ताय (dative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तात् (ablative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हस्ते (locative singular)
हस्तयोः (dual locative)
हस्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)

Khowar: ہوست (host)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Eastern Hindi:
Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
Western Hindi:
Hindustani:
Hindi: हाथ (hāth)
Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali–Assamese:
Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
Assamese: হাত (hat)
Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
Bengali: হাত (hat)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
Rohingya: hát
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
Nepali: हात (hāt)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Kachchi: હથ (hath)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ (hattha)
Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ (hathh)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: هَٿُ
Devanagari script: हथु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani:
Devanagari script: हात (hāt)
Kannada script: ಹಾತ್ (hāt)
Latin script: hat
Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘮𑘞 (hatha), 𑘮𑘰𑘘 (hāṭa), 𑘮𑘰𑘝 (hāta), 𑘮𑘰𑘞 (hātha)
Devanagari script: हथ (hatha), हाट (hāṭa), हात (hāta), हाथ (hātha)
Marathi: हात (hāt)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
Romani: vast

Pali: hattha
→ Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
→ Thai: หัตถ์

→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)

→ Malay: hasta

Indonesian: hasta

→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: hasta
Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)

→ Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)

→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes-.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

etymon

क्व स्य ते रुद्र मृळयाकुर्हस्तो यो अस्ति भेषजो जलाषः ।

O Rudra, where is that gracious hand of thine, that giveth health and bringeth comfort?

kva sya te rudra mṛḷayākurhasto yo asti bheṣajo jalāṣaḥ.

the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)

(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)


गञ्ज

From Proto-Indo-European *gang- (“to mock”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γαγγαίνειν (gangaínein, “to laugh at, mock”), Old English canc (“jeering, scorn”).


गञ्ज

gañja (romanization)
गञ्जः (nominative singular)
गञ्जौ (dual nominative)
गञ्जा1 (dual nominative)
गञ्जाः (nominative plural)
गञ्जासः1 (nominative plural)
गञ्ज (singular vocative)
गञ्जौ (dual vocative)
गञ्जा1 (dual vocative)
गञ्जाः (plural vocative)
गञ्जासः1 (plural vocative)
गञ्जम् (accusative singular)
गञ्जौ (accusative dual)
गञ्जा1 (accusative dual)
गञ्जान् (accusative plural)
गञ्जेन (instrumental singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गञ्जैः (instrumental plural)
गञ्जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गञ्जाय (dative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गञ्जेभ्यः (dative plural)
गञ्जात् (ablative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गञ्जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गञ्जस्य (genitive singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual genitive)
गञ्जानाम् (genitive plural)
गञ्जे (locative singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual locative)
गञ्जेषु (locative plural)
गञ्जम् (nominative singular)
गञ्जे (dual nominative)
गञ्जानि (nominative plural)
गञ्जा1 (nominative plural)
गञ्ज (singular vocative)
गञ्जे (dual vocative)
गञ्जानि (plural vocative)
गञ्जा1 (plural vocative)
गञ्जम् (accusative singular)
गञ्जे (accusative dual)
गञ्जानि (accusative plural)
गञ्जा1 (accusative plural)
गञ्जेन (instrumental singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गञ्जैः (instrumental plural)
गञ्जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गञ्जाय (dative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गञ्जेभ्यः (dative plural)
गञ्जात् (ablative singular)
गञ्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गञ्जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गञ्जस्य (genitive singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual genitive)
गञ्जानाम् (genitive plural)
गञ्जे (locative singular)
गञ्जयोः (dual locative)
गञ्जेषु (locative plural)


ग्रावन्

grā́van (romanization)
ग्रावा (nominative singular)
ग्रावाणौ (dual nominative)
ग्रावाणा1 (dual nominative)
ग्रावाणः (nominative plural)
ग्रावन् (singular vocative)
ग्रावाणौ (dual vocative)
ग्रावाणा1 (dual vocative)
ग्रावाणः (plural vocative)
ग्रावाणम् (accusative singular)
ग्रावाणौ (accusative dual)
ग्रावाणा1 (accusative dual)
ग्रौणः (accusative plural)
ग्रौणा (instrumental singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्रावभिः (instrumental plural)
ग्रौणे (dative singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्रावभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्रौणः (ablative singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्रावभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्रौणः (genitive singular)
ग्रौणोः (dual genitive)
ग्रौणाम् (genitive plural)
ग्रौणि (locative singular)
ग्रावणि (locative singular)
ग्रावन्1 (locative singular)
ग्रौणोः (dual locative)
ग्रावसु (locative plural)

Odia: ଗ୍ରାବ (grāba)

desc

Tamil: கிராவணம் (kirāvaṇam), சிராவணம் (cirāvaṇam)

Telugu: గ్రావము (grāvamu)

/ˈɡɾɑː.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”). Cognate with English quern, Old Irish brao.
It has been suggested that the word used in the Rigveda is unrelated to the sense "stone" and rather refers to a human person, meaning "praiser, singer", possibly deriving from the root गॄ (gṝ).

inh

दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हा॒: सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्रा॑:॥
dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhā: sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprā:.
Hence, far away, ye Paṇis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,

Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.

(Rigvedic) (traditional translation) a stone for pressing out the Soma juice

(Rigvedic) (proposed modern translation) praiser, singer


घोर

ghorá (romanization)
घोरः (nominative singular)
घोरौ (dual nominative)
घोरा1 (dual nominative)
घोराः (nominative plural)
घोरासः1 (nominative plural)
घोर (singular vocative)
घोरौ (dual vocative)
घोरा1 (dual vocative)
घोराः (plural vocative)
घोरासः1 (plural vocative)
घोरम् (accusative singular)
घोरौ (accusative dual)
घोरा1 (accusative dual)
घोरान् (accusative plural)
घोरेण (instrumental singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोरैः (instrumental plural)
घोरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोराय (dative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोरात् (ablative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोरस्य (genitive singular)
घोरयोः (dual genitive)
घोराणाम् (genitive plural)
घोरे (locative singular)
घोरयोः (dual locative)
घोरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰawrás, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰawrás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰow-rós, from *gʰew- (“to be angry”).

"horrible action", magic formulas or charms


घृण

ghṛṇá (romanization)
घृणः (nominative singular)
घृणौ (dual nominative)
घृणा1 (dual nominative)
घृणाः (nominative plural)
घृणासः1 (nominative plural)
घृण (singular vocative)
घृणौ (dual vocative)
घृणा1 (dual vocative)
घृणाः (plural vocative)
घृणासः1 (plural vocative)
घृणम् (accusative singular)
घृणौ (accusative dual)
घृणा1 (accusative dual)
घृणान् (accusative plural)
घृणेन (instrumental singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घृणैः (instrumental plural)
घृणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घृणाय (dative singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घृणेभ्यः (dative plural)
घृणात् (ablative singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घृणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घृणस्य (genitive singular)
घृणयोः (dual genitive)
घृणानाम् (genitive plural)
घृणे (locative singular)
घृणयोः (dual locative)
घृणेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰr̥nás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥nás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥-nó-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).


ईर्म

īrmá (romanization)
ईर्मः (nominative singular)
ईर्मौ (dual nominative)
ईर्मा1 (dual nominative)
ईर्माः (nominative plural)
ईर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
ईर्म (singular vocative)
ईर्मौ (dual vocative)
ईर्मा1 (dual vocative)
ईर्माः (plural vocative)
ईर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
ईर्मम् (accusative singular)
ईर्मौ (accusative dual)
ईर्मा1 (accusative dual)
ईर्मान् (accusative plural)
ईर्मेण (instrumental singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईर्मैः (instrumental plural)
ईर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ईर्माय (dative singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईर्मात् (ablative singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईर्मस्य (genitive singular)
ईर्मयोः (dual genitive)
ईर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
ईर्मे (locative singular)
ईर्मयोः (dual locative)
ईर्मेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-mo- (“arm”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).


दत्

dát (romanization)
दन् (nominative singular)
दन्तौ (dual nominative)
दन्ता1 (dual nominative)
दन्तः (nominative plural)
दतः (nominative plural)
दन् (singular vocative)
दन्तौ (dual vocative)
दन्ता1 (dual vocative)
दन्तः (plural vocative)
दन्तम् (accusative singular)
दन्तौ (accusative dual)
दन्ता1 (accusative dual)
दतः (accusative plural)
दता (instrumental singular)
दद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दद्भिः (instrumental plural)
दते (dative singular)
दद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दद्भ्यः (dative plural)
दतः (ablative singular)
दद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दतः (genitive singular)
दतोः (dual genitive)
दताम् (genitive plural)
दति (locative singular)
दतोः (dual locative)
दत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hdáns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”). Cognate with Persian دندان (dandân), Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), Latin dēns, English tooth.

आरोका इव घेदह तिग्मा अग्ने तव त्विषः ।
दद्भिर्वनानि बप्सति ॥
ārokā iva ghedaha tigmā agne tava tviṣaḥ.

Thy sharpened flames, O Agni, like the gleams of light that glitter through,
Devour the forests with their teeth.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa