ऋक्ष

ṛ́kṣa (romanization)
ऋक्षः (nominative singular)
ऋक्षौ (dual nominative)
ऋक्षा1 (dual nominative)
ऋक्षाः (nominative plural)
ऋक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋक्ष (singular vocative)
ऋक्षौ (dual vocative)
ऋक्षा1 (dual vocative)
ऋक्षाः (plural vocative)
ऋक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
ऋक्षम् (accusative singular)
ऋक्षौ (accusative dual)
ऋक्षा1 (accusative dual)
ऋक्षान् (accusative plural)
ऋक्षेण (instrumental singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋक्षैः (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षाय (dative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋक्षात् (ablative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋक्षस्य (genitive singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual genitive)
ऋक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
ऋक्षे (locative singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual locative)
ऋक्षेषु (locative plural)
ऋक्षम् (nominative singular)
ऋक्षे (dual nominative)
ऋक्षाणि (nominative plural)
ऋक्षा1 (nominative plural)
ऋक्ष (singular vocative)
ऋक्षे (dual vocative)
ऋक्षाणि (plural vocative)
ऋक्षा1 (plural vocative)
ऋक्षम् (accusative singular)
ऋक्षे (accusative dual)
ऋक्षाणि (accusative plural)
ऋक्षा1 (accusative plural)
ऋक्षेण (instrumental singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋक्षैः (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षाय (dative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋक्षात् (ablative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋक्षस्य (genitive singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual genitive)
ऋक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
ऋक्षे (locative singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual locative)
ऋक्षेषु (locative plural)


ऋक्ष

ṛkṣa (romanization)
ऋक्षम् (nominative singular)
ऋक्षे (dual nominative)
ऋक्षाणि (nominative plural)
ऋक्षा1 (nominative plural)
ऋक्ष (singular vocative)
ऋक्षे (dual vocative)
ऋक्षाणि (plural vocative)
ऋक्षा1 (plural vocative)
ऋक्षम् (accusative singular)
ऋक्षे (accusative dual)
ऋक्षाणि (accusative plural)
ऋक्षा1 (accusative plural)
ऋक्षेण (instrumental singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋक्षैः (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋक्षाय (dative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋक्षात् (ablative singular)
ऋक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋक्षस्य (genitive singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual genitive)
ऋक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
ऋक्षे (locative singular)
ऋक्षयोः (dual locative)
ऋक्षेषु (locative plural)

→ Thai: ฤกษ์ (rə̂ək)

→ Old Khmer: ṛkṣa (“lunar mansion”)

Khmer: ឫក្ស (rɨk)

the particular star under which a person happens to be born


आगस्

ā́gas (romanization)
आगः (nominative singular)
आगसी (dual nominative)
आगांसि (nominative plural)
आगः (singular vocative)
आगसी (dual vocative)
आगांसि (plural vocative)
आगः (accusative singular)
आगसी (accusative dual)
आगांसि (accusative plural)
आगसा (instrumental singular)
आगोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आगोभिः (instrumental plural)
आगसे (dative singular)
आगोभ्याम् (dative dual)
आगोभ्यः (dative plural)
आगसः (ablative singular)
आगोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आगोभ्यः (ablative plural)
आगसः (genitive singular)
आगसोः (dual genitive)
आगसाम् (genitive plural)
आगसि (locative singular)
आगसोः (dual locative)
आगःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hā́gas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́gas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ég-os ~ *h₂ég-es-, from *h₂eg- (“sin, crime, fault”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄγος (ágos, “pollution, guilt”), Old English acan (whence English ache).

cog

ऋध॒क्सा वो॑ मरुतो दि॒द्युद॑स्तु॒ यद्व॒ आगः॑ पुरु॒षता॒ करा॑म ।
मा व॒स्तस्या॒मपि॑ भूमा यजत्रा अ॒स्मे वो॑ अस्तु सुम॒तिश्चनि॑ष्ठा ॥
ṛ́dhaksā́ vo maruto didyúdastu yádva ā́gaḥ puruṣátā kárāma.

Far from us be your blazing dart, O Maruts, when we, through human frailty, commit a sin against you.
Let us not be exposed to that, ye Holy! May your most loving favour still attend us.

mā́ vastásyāmápi bhūmā yajatrā asmé vo astu sumatíścániṣṭhā.

transgression, offence, injury, sin, fault


द्राक्षा

sa-noun

द्राक्षा • (drā́kṣā) stem, f

drā́kṣā (romanization)
द्राक्षा (nominative singular)
द्राक्षे (dual nominative)
द्राक्षाः (nominative plural)
द्राक्षे (singular vocative)
द्राक्षे (dual vocative)
द्राक्षाः (plural vocative)
द्राक्षाम् (accusative singular)
द्राक्षे (accusative dual)
द्राक्षाः (accusative plural)
द्राक्षया (instrumental singular)
द्राक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
द्राक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्राक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
द्राक्षायै (dative singular)
द्राक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्राक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
द्राक्षायाः (ablative singular)
द्राक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
द्राक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्राक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्राक्षायाः (genitive singular)
द्राक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
द्राक्षयोः (dual genitive)
द्राक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्राक्षायाम् (locative singular)
द्राक्षयोः (dual locative)
द्राक्षासु (locative plural)

Hindi: दाख (dākh)

→ Bengali: দ্রাক্ষা (drakkha)

Urdu: داكھ

Gujarati: દરાખ (darākh)

Kalasha: drač̣ (“grapes”)

Khowar: دروݯ (“droč̣”)

Punjabi: ਦਾਖ (dākh)

Phalura: dhráac̣

Romani: drakh

→ Gujarati: દ્રાક્ષ (drākṣ)

→ Marathi: द्राक्ष (drākṣa)

desc

திராட்சை (tirāṭcai)

→ Tamil: தாச்சா (tāccā), திராட்சை (tirāṭcai)

→ Telugu: ద్రాక్ష (drākṣa)

Sindhi: दाख (dākha)

/ˈd̪ɾɑːk.ʂɑː/

Of uncertain origin.
Due to similar forms denoting various berry-type fruits found in various Indo-European branches, the word is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dráHgẓʰaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráHȷ́žʰaH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂ǵ-seh₂ (“grape, vine”), from *dʰreh₂ǵ- (“berry”). Said similar words include Latin frāgum (“strawberry”), Albanian dredhëz (“strawberry”), Ancient Greek τρῠ́ξ (trŭ́x, “unfermented wine”), Proto-Slavic *dẽrnъ (“blackthorn, cornel”), and Old Irish derc (“berry”); compare also the Nuristani forms Ashkun drás (“grape”), Kamkata-viri drós (“grape”), Prasuni rásik (“grape”), Tregami drás (“grape”), Waigali dras (“grape”), which seem to be from a preform *dʰraHsáH.
However, Mayrhofer notes that the variance of the word's secondary forms in Indo-Aryan, like *द्रक्षा (drakṣā) and ध्राक्षा (dhrākṣā), as well as the word's lack of attestation in Vedic texts, suggest a borrowing from some foreign source rather than inheritance from Indo-Aryan. The exact language of borrowing is unclear, possibly Iranian, Greek, or some unknown language of Asia Minor. In this case, the word may be a Wanderwort, spreading to some or all of the supposed cognates via contact rather than inheritance (or the word was inherited in some branches but not Indo-Iranian, where it was borrowed instead).
An alternative theory by Oberlies takes the word as a re-Sanskritization of a hypothetical Middle Indic *दच्छा (dacchā), itself from द्रप्स (drapsa, “drop”). This proposal is formally and semantically unconvincing, and has not been elaborated on further.

inh

*dʰráHȷ́žʰaH


अश्रि

áśri (romanization)
अश्रिः (nominative singular)
अश्री (dual nominative)
अश्रयः (nominative plural)
अश्रे (singular vocative)
अश्री (dual vocative)
अश्रयः (plural vocative)
अश्रिम् (accusative singular)
अश्री (accusative dual)
अश्रीः (accusative plural)
अश्र्या (instrumental singular)
अश्री1 (instrumental singular)
अश्रिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्रिभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्रये (dative singular)
अश्र्यै2 (dative singular)
अश्री1 (dative singular)
अश्रिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्रिभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्रेः (ablative singular)
अश्र्याः2 (ablative singular)
अश्र्यै3 (ablative singular)
अश्रिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्रिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्रेः (genitive singular)
अश्र्याः2 (genitive singular)
अश्र्यै3 (genitive singular)
अश्र्योः (dual genitive)
अश्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्रौ (locative singular)
अश्र्याम्2 (locative singular)
अश्रा1 (locative singular)
अश्र्योः (dual locative)
अश्रिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśriṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćriš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óḱris (“sharp edge, top, angle, corner”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄκρις (ókris, “point, prominence”), Latin ocris (“crag”).

cog

the sharp side of anything, corner, angle (of a room or house), edge (of a sword)


पुर

púra (romanization)
पुरम् (nominative singular)
पुरे (dual nominative)
पुराणि (nominative plural)
पुरा1 (nominative plural)
पुर (singular vocative)
पुरे (dual vocative)
पुराणि (plural vocative)
पुरा1 (plural vocative)
पुरम् (accusative singular)
पुरे (accusative dual)
पुराणि (accusative plural)
पुरा1 (accusative plural)
पुरेण (instrumental singular)
पुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुरैः (instrumental plural)
पुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुराय (dative singular)
पुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुरात् (ablative singular)
पुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुरस्य (genitive singular)
पुरयोः (dual genitive)
पुराणाम् (genitive plural)
पुरे (locative singular)
पुरयोः (dual locative)
पुरेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: পুৰ (pur)

Bengali: পুর (pur)

Hindi: पुर (pur), पुरा (purā)

→ Malay: pura, فورا

→ Indonesian: pura

→ Kannada: ಪುರ (pura)

Konkani: पूर (pūr)

→ Malayalam: പുരം (puraṁ)

Marathi: पुर (pur)

Nepali: पुर् (pur)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: pura
Javanese: ꦥꦸꦫ (pura)
→ Balinese: ᬧᬸᬭ (pura)
→ Indonesian: pura (“temple”) (semantic loan)

Odia: ପୁର (pura)

Pali: pura

Punjabi: ਪੁਰ (pur)

Pahari-Potwari: پُر (pur)

→ Tamil: புரம் (puram), புரை (purai)

→ Telugu: పురము (puramu)

Urdu: پُور (pūr)

From पुर् (púr, “stronghold, fortress”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πόλις f (pólis) and Lithuanian pilis.


ऊधस्

ū́dhas (romanization)
ऊधाः (nominative singular)
ऊधसौ (dual nominative)
ऊधसा1 (dual nominative)
ऊधसः (nominative plural)
ऊधाः1 (nominative plural)
ऊधः (singular vocative)
ऊधसौ (dual vocative)
ऊधसा1 (dual vocative)
ऊधसः (plural vocative)
ऊधाः1 (plural vocative)
ऊधसम् (accusative singular)
ऊधाम्1 (accusative singular)
ऊधसौ (accusative dual)
ऊधसा1 (accusative dual)
ऊधसः (accusative plural)
ऊधाः1 (accusative plural)
ऊधसा (instrumental singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊधोभिः (instrumental plural)
ऊधसे (dative singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊधोभ्यः (dative plural)
ऊधसः (ablative singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊधोभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊधसः (genitive singular)
ऊधसोः (dual genitive)
ऊधसाम् (genitive plural)
ऊधसि (locative singular)
ऊधसोः (dual locative)
ऊधःसु (locative plural)
ऊधः (nominative singular)
ऊधसी (dual nominative)
ऊधांसि (nominative plural)
ऊधः (singular vocative)
ऊधसी (dual vocative)
ऊधांसि (plural vocative)
ऊधः (accusative singular)
ऊधसी (accusative dual)
ऊधांसि (accusative plural)
ऊधसा (instrumental singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊधोभिः (instrumental plural)
ऊधसे (dative singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊधोभ्यः (dative plural)
ऊधसः (ablative singular)
ऊधोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊधोभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊधसः (genitive singular)
ऊधसोः (dual genitive)
ऊधसाम् (genitive plural)
ऊधसि (locative singular)
ऊधसोः (dual locative)
ऊधःसु (locative plural)

/ˈuː.d̪ʱɐs̪/

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥ (“udder”), whence also the r-stem ऊधर् (ūdhar) which see for cognates.


ऊधर्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁úHdʰr̥ (“udder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek οὖθαρ (oûthar), Latin ūber, Old English ūder (whence English udder).

उ॒त प्र पि॑प्य॒ ऊध॒र् अघ्न्या॑या॒ इन्दु॒र् धारा॑भिः सचते सुमे॒धाः ।
utá prá pipya ū́dhar ághnyāyā índur dhā́rābhiḥ sacate sumedhā́ḥ.

Yea, swollen is the udder of the milch-cow: thither in streams goes very sapient Indu.

(Vedic) the udder of any female, breast, bosom


नारङ्ग

nāraṅga (romanization)
नारङ्गः (nominative singular)
नारङ्गौ (dual nominative)
नारङ्गाः (nominative plural)
नारङ्ग (singular vocative)
नारङ्गौ (dual vocative)
नारङ्गाः (plural vocative)
नारङ्गम् (accusative singular)
नारङ्गौ (accusative dual)
नारङ्गान् (accusative plural)
नारङ्गेण (instrumental singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
नारङ्गाय (dative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारङ्गात् (ablative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
नारङ्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
नारङ्गे (locative singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual locative)
नारङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of नारङ्ग

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

Gujarati: નારંગી (nāraṅgī)

Hindi: नारंगी (nāraṅgī)

Nepali: नारङ्गि (nāraṅgi)

Punjabi: ਨਾਰੰਗੀ (nāraṅgī)

Urdu: نارنگی (nāraṅgī)

desctree

→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْگْ (nārang)
→ Arabic: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→⇒ Byzantine Greek: νεράντζιον (nerántzion), νεράντζιν (nerántzin), νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi), ἐράντζι (erántzi)
Greek: νεράντζι (nerántzi), νεράτζι (nerátzi)
Pontic Greek: νεράντζιν (nerántzin), αναράντζιν (anarántzin), ανάραντζιν (anárantzin), αναράντζ’ (anarántz’) — Trapezounta, αραράντζι (ararántzi), νεράντζι (nerántzi) — Oinoe
→ Laz: არანძი (aranżi), არარანცი (araranʒi) — Khopa, ანძი (anżi) — Vitse
→ Middle Armenian: նարանճ (naranč)
→ Classical Persian: نَارَنْج (nāranj)
→ Azerbaijani: narınc
→ Gujarati: નારંજ (nārañj)
→ Middle Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
Armenian: նարինջ (narinǰ)
→ Portuguese: laranja
→ Spanish: naranja
→ Alcozauca Mixtec: láxa
→ Guaraní: narã
→ Italian: narancia
→ Hungarian: narancs
⇒ Italian: arancia
→ Old Occitan: auranja
Occitan: irange
→ Old French: orenge, orange
Middle French: orange, orenge
French: orange (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: orenge, arange, araunge, orange, orynge
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
Scots: orange, oranger
Norman: orange
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: naraankas
→ Tagalog: narangha
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: alöxöx
→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: naranja
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارنج (narenc, narenç)
Turkish: narenc
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: nàrānča, nàrāndža
Cyrillic script: на̀ра̄нча, на̀ра̄нџа

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil நார்த்தங்காய் (nārttaṅkāy, “citron”) (itself a compound of நரந்தம் (narantam, “fragrance”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”)), as well as Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), Telugu నారంగము (nāraṅgamu), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi). Attested form ca. the 4th century (Sushruta Samhita).
Possibly derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaam (“sweet”) (Shorto 2006, #1322, Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔŋaːm (Sidwell, 2011) and Proto-Khasian: *ŋiam (Sidwell, 2012).
Another alternate source is possible as derived from 'nāga-raṅga-' (coloured like lead-oxide) as seen in Monier Williams and Boehtlingk and Roth Greater Sanskrit Dictionary.

cog

நார்த்தங்காய்

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)


नारङ्ग

nāraṅga (romanization)
नारङ्गम् (nominative singular)
नारङ्गे (dual nominative)
नारङ्गाणि (nominative plural)
नारङ्ग (singular vocative)
नारङ्गे (dual vocative)
नारङ्गाणि (plural vocative)
नारङ्गम् (accusative singular)
नारङ्गे (accusative dual)
नारङ्गाणि (accusative plural)
नारङ्गेण (instrumental singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
नारङ्गाय (dative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारङ्गात् (ablative singular)
नारङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
नारङ्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
नारङ्गे (locative singular)
नारङ्गयोः (dual locative)
नारङ्गेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">नारङ्ग</i>

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

नारङ्गाभ्याम्

cog

நார்த்தங்காய்

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)


अज्र

ájra (romanization)
अज्रः (nominative singular)
अज्रौ (dual nominative)
अज्रा1 (dual nominative)
अज्राः (nominative plural)
अज्रासः1 (nominative plural)
अज्र (singular vocative)
अज्रौ (dual vocative)
अज्रा1 (dual vocative)
अज्राः (plural vocative)
अज्रासः1 (plural vocative)
अज्रम् (accusative singular)
अज्रौ (accusative dual)
अज्रा1 (accusative dual)
अज्रान् (accusative plural)
अज्रेण (instrumental singular)
अज्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अज्रैः (instrumental plural)
अज्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अज्राय (dative singular)
अज्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अज्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अज्रात् (ablative singular)
अज्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अज्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अज्रस्य (genitive singular)
अज्रयोः (dual genitive)
अज्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अज्रे (locative singular)
अज्रयोः (dual locative)
अज्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háȷ́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros. Cognate with Latin ager, Ancient Greek ἀγρός (agrós), Old English æcer (whence English acre).


नव

náva (romanization)
नवः (nominative singular)
नवौ (dual nominative)
नवा1 (dual nominative)
नवाः (nominative plural)
नवासः1 (nominative plural)
नव (singular vocative)
नवौ (dual vocative)
नवा1 (dual vocative)
नवाः (plural vocative)
नवासः1 (plural vocative)
नवम् (accusative singular)
नवौ (accusative dual)
नवा1 (accusative dual)
नवान् (accusative plural)
नवेन (instrumental singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवैः (instrumental plural)
नवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवाय (dative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवात् (ablative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवस्य (genitive singular)
नवयोः (dual genitive)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवे (locative singular)
नवयोः (dual locative)
नवेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas (“new”), from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.
Cognates
Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua), Persian نو (now), Ancient Greek νέος (néos), Latin novus, Tocharian B ñuwe, Old Church Slavonic новъ (novŭ), Old English nīewe (whence English new).

पुनर्नवा पुनर्नवा#Sanskrit

उशीनर उशीनर#Sanskrit

name of a son of उशीनर (uśīnara) and नवा (navā)

विलोमन् विलोमन्#Sanskrit


नव

náva (romanization)
नवम् (nominative singular)
नवे (dual nominative)
नवानि (nominative plural)
नवा1 (nominative plural)
नव (singular vocative)
नवे (dual vocative)
नवानि (plural vocative)
नवा1 (plural vocative)
नवम् (accusative singular)
नवे (accusative dual)
नवानि (accusative plural)
नवा1 (accusative plural)
नवेन (instrumental singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवैः (instrumental plural)
नवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवाय (dative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवात् (ablative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवस्य (genitive singular)
नवयोः (dual genitive)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवे (locative singular)
नवयोः (dual locative)
नवेषु (locative plural)


नव

nava (romanization)
नवः (nominative singular)
नवौ (dual nominative)
नवा1 (dual nominative)
नवाः (nominative plural)
नवासः1 (nominative plural)
नव (singular vocative)
नवौ (dual vocative)
नवा1 (dual vocative)
नवाः (plural vocative)
नवासः1 (plural vocative)
नवम् (accusative singular)
नवौ (accusative dual)
नवा1 (accusative dual)
नवान् (accusative plural)
नवेन (instrumental singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवैः (instrumental plural)
नवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवाय (dative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवात् (ablative singular)
नवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवस्य (genitive singular)
नवयोः (dual genitive)
नवानाम् (genitive plural)
नवे (locative singular)
नवयोः (dual locative)
नवेषु (locative plural)

From the root नु (nu, “to praise, commend”).


नव

From the root नु (nu, “to sound loudly, roar, thunder”).


पस्त्य

pastyà (romanization)
पस्त्यम् (nominative singular)
पस्त्ये (dual nominative)
पस्त्यानि (nominative plural)
पस्त्या1 (nominative plural)
पस्त्य (singular vocative)
पस्त्ये (dual vocative)
पस्त्यानि (plural vocative)
पस्त्या1 (plural vocative)
पस्त्यम् (accusative singular)
पस्त्ये (accusative dual)
पस्त्यानि (accusative plural)
पस्त्या1 (accusative plural)
पस्त्येन (instrumental singular)
पस्त्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पस्त्यैः (instrumental plural)
पस्त्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पस्त्याय (dative singular)
पस्त्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पस्त्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पस्त्यात् (ablative singular)
पस्त्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पस्त्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पस्त्यस्य (genitive singular)
पस्त्ययोः (dual genitive)
पस्त्योः (dual genitive)
पस्त्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पस्त्ये (locative singular)
पस्त्ययोः (dual locative)
पस्त्योः (dual locative)
पस्त्येषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Usually connected with Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”) and Proto-Germanic *fastuz (“fixed, firm, secure”), and derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”), implying "stable habitation".
Martirosyan derives it from a non-Indo-European substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, possibly also Indo-Aryan. See հաստ (hast) for more.
Kroonen separates Sanskrit from Armenian and Germanic and hypothesizes a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-sth₂-yós.


पक्ष

pakṣá (romanization)
पक्षः (nominative singular)
पक्षौ (dual nominative)
पक्षा1 (dual nominative)
पक्षाः (nominative plural)
पक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
पक्ष (singular vocative)
पक्षौ (dual vocative)
पक्षा1 (dual vocative)
पक्षाः (plural vocative)
पक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
पक्षम् (accusative singular)
पक्षौ (accusative dual)
पक्षा1 (accusative dual)
पक्षान् (accusative plural)
पक्षेण (instrumental singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पक्षैः (instrumental plural)
पक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पक्षाय (dative singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
पक्षात् (ablative singular)
पक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पक्षस्य (genitive singular)
पक्षयोः (dual genitive)
पक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
पक्षे (locative singular)
पक्षयोः (dual locative)
पक्षेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: pakkha
→ Kannada: ಪಕ್ಕ (pakka, “side”)
→ Tamil: பக்கம் (pakkam)
→ Thai: ปักข์, ปักษ์ (bpàk)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀔 (pakkha), 𑀧𑀁𑀔 (paṃkha)

desc

Assamese: পখা (pokha), পাখা (pakha), পাখি (pakhi)

Bengali: পাখা (pakha)

Hindi: पंख (paṅkh), पंखा (paṅkhā), पांख (pāṅkh)

Konkani: पाख (pākh)

Marathi: पंख (paṅkha), पाख (pākh)

Mewari: पंखो (paṅkho)

Punjabi: ਪੱਖ (pakkha)

Romani: phak

→ Hindi: पक्ष (pakṣ)

→ Kannada: ಪಕ್ಷ (pakṣa)

→ Marathi: पक्ष (pakṣa)

→ Malay: paksa

Indonesian: paksa

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pakšás (“side, flank”), from Proto-Indo-European *peg- (“side, flank”).
Cognate with Ossetian фахс (faxs, “side”) and maybe Latvian paksis (“corner of a house”).

der

the flank or side or the half of anything

multitude, number, troop, set, class of beings

one of two cases or one side of an argument, an alternative

a point or matter under discussion, a thesis, a particular theory, a position advanced or an argument to be maintained

(logic) the proposition to be proved in a syllogism

any supposition or view, motion, idea, opinion

(algebra) a primary division or the side of an equation in a primary division


अजिर

ajirá (romanization)
अजिरः (nominative singular)
अजिरौ (dual nominative)
अजिरा1 (dual nominative)
अजिराः (nominative plural)
अजिरासः1 (nominative plural)
अजिर (singular vocative)
अजिरौ (dual vocative)
अजिरा1 (dual vocative)
अजिराः (plural vocative)
अजिरासः1 (plural vocative)
अजिरम् (accusative singular)
अजिरौ (accusative dual)
अजिरा1 (accusative dual)
अजिरान् (accusative plural)
अजिरेण (instrumental singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजिरैः (instrumental plural)
अजिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजिराय (dative singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजिरात् (ablative singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजिरस्य (genitive singular)
अजिरयोः (dual genitive)
अजिराणाम् (genitive plural)
अजिरे (locative singular)
अजिरयोः (dual locative)
अजिरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.d͡ʑi.ɾɐ/

From the root अज् (aj), possibly related to Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”).


अजिर

ajirá (romanization)
अजिरम् (nominative singular)
अजिरे (dual nominative)
अजिराणि (nominative plural)
अजिरा1 (nominative plural)
अजिर (singular vocative)
अजिरे (dual vocative)
अजिराणि (plural vocative)
अजिरा1 (plural vocative)
अजिरम् (accusative singular)
अजिरे (accusative dual)
अजिराणि (accusative plural)
अजिरा1 (accusative plural)
अजिरेण (instrumental singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजिरैः (instrumental plural)
अजिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजिराय (dative singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजिरात् (ablative singular)
अजिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजिरस्य (genitive singular)
अजिरयोः (dual genitive)
अजिराणाम् (genitive plural)
अजिरे (locative singular)
अजिरयोः (dual locative)
अजिरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.d͡ʑi.ɾɐ/


पलाल

palāla (romanization)
पलालः (nominative singular)
पलालौ (dual nominative)
पलालाः (nominative plural)
पलाल (singular vocative)
पलालौ (dual vocative)
पलालाः (plural vocative)
पलालम् (accusative singular)
पलालौ (accusative dual)
पलालान् (accusative plural)
पलालेन (instrumental singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलालैः (instrumental plural)
पलालाय (dative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलालात् (ablative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलालस्य (genitive singular)
पलालयोः (dual genitive)
पलालानाम् (genitive plural)
पलाले (locative singular)
पलालयोः (dual locative)
पलालेषु (locative plural)
पलालम् (nominative singular)
पलाले (dual nominative)
पलालानि (nominative plural)
पलाल (singular vocative)
पलाले (dual vocative)
पलालानि (plural vocative)
पलालम् (accusative singular)
पलाले (accusative dual)
पलालानि (accusative plural)
पलालेन (instrumental singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलालैः (instrumental plural)
पलालाय (dative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलालात् (ablative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलालस्य (genitive singular)
पलालयोः (dual genitive)
पलालानाम् (genitive plural)
पलाले (locative singular)
पलालयोः (dual locative)
पलालेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पलाल

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पलाल</i>

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindi: पयाल (payāl), पुआल (puāl)

Tamil: பலாலம் (palālam)

Compare also Sanskrit पलाव m (palāva, “chaff, husks”) and पलाली (palālī, “straw, stalk”).

cog

/pɐˈl̪ɑː.l̪ɐ/

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual

the stalk of the Sorghum, Indian millet (Sorghum bicolor)


व्रीहि

vrīhí (romanization)
व्रीहिः (nominative singular)
व्रीही (dual nominative)
व्रीहयः (nominative plural)
व्रीहे (singular vocative)
व्रीही (dual vocative)
व्रीहयः (plural vocative)
व्रीहिम् (accusative singular)
व्रीही (accusative dual)
व्रीहीन् (accusative plural)
व्रीहिणा (instrumental singular)
व्रीह्या1 (instrumental singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्रीहिभिः (instrumental plural)
व्रीहये (dative singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्रीहिभ्यः (dative plural)
व्रीहेः (ablative singular)
व्रीह्यः1 (ablative singular)
व्रीहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्रीहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्रीहेः (genitive singular)
व्रीह्यः1 (genitive singular)
व्रीह्योः (dual genitive)
व्रीहीणाम् (genitive plural)
व्रीहौ (locative singular)
व्रीहा1 (locative singular)
व्रीह्योः (dual locative)
व्रीहिषु (locative plural)

Sinhalese: වී (wī)

Dhivehi: ވީ (vī)

A Wanderwort of unclear ultimate origin, though likely from a language southeast of Indo-Iranian.
Either a borrowing from a Dravidian language (compare Proto-Dravidian *wariñci (“rice”), though Mayrhofer is skeptical of Dravidian being the original source of the word) or, according to Witzel, borrowed from an unknown South Asian, possibly Austroasiatic, source such as Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) (whence probably Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ras and Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas), with the Dravidian word being an independent borrowing of another variant. Related words are found in Iranian, Ancient Greek, and Semitic; see Middle Persian blnc (“rice”) for more.


पलित

palitá (romanization)
पलितम् (nominative singular)
पलिते (dual nominative)
पलितानि (nominative plural)
पलिता1 (nominative plural)
पलित (singular vocative)
पलिते (dual vocative)
पलितानि (plural vocative)
पलिता1 (plural vocative)
पलितम् (accusative singular)
पलिते (accusative dual)
पलितानि (accusative plural)
पलिता1 (accusative plural)
पलितेन (instrumental singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलितैः (instrumental plural)
पलितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पलिताय (dative singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलितात् (ablative singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलितस्य (genitive singular)
पलितयोः (dual genitive)
पलितानाम् (genitive plural)
पलिते (locative singular)
पलितयोः (dual locative)
पलितेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *palHtás ~ parHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-tós, from *pelH- (“gray, pale”). Cognate with Latin pallidus, Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós), Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”). Also compare Hurrian 𒉺𒊑𒋫𒀭𒉡 (pa-ri-ta-an-nu /parita-nnu/), an ancient borrowing from Old Indo-Aryan.


पन्था

pánthā (romanization)
पन्थाः (nominative singular)
पन्थानौ (dual nominative)
पन्थानः (nominative plural)
पन्थाः (nominative plural)
पन्थासः (nominative plural)
पन्थाः (singular vocative)
पन्थानौ (dual vocative)
पन्थानः (plural vocative)
पन्थाः (plural vocative)
पन्थासः (plural vocative)
पन्थाम् (accusative singular)
पन्थानम् (accusative singular)
पन्थानौ (accusative dual)
पथः (accusative plural)
पथा (instrumental singular)
पथिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पथिभिः (instrumental plural)
पथे (dative singular)
पथिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पथिभ्यः (dative plural)
पथः (ablative singular)
पथिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पथिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पथः (genitive singular)
पथोः (dual genitive)
पथाम् (genitive plural)
पथीनाम् (genitive plural)
पथि (locative singular)
पथोः (dual locative)
पथिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Irregular declension

पन्थाम्, पन्थानम्

पन्थानः, पन्थाः, पन्थासः

पन्थानः, पन्थाः, पन्थासः

पथाम्, पथीनाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पन्थानः, पन्थाः, पन्थासः

पन्थानः, पन्थाः, पन्थासः

पन्थाम्, पन्थानम्

पथाम्, पथीनाम्

/ˈpɐn̪.t̪ʰɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s (“path, road”), from *pent-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *paþaz (an Iranian borrowing, whence English path), Ancient Greek πόντος (póntos), πάτος (pátos), Latin pons, Old Armenian հուն (hun, “riverbed”).


पृथु

pṛthú (romanization)
पृथुः (nominative singular)
पृथू (dual nominative)
पृथवः (nominative plural)
पृथो (singular vocative)
पृथू (dual vocative)
पृथवः (plural vocative)
पृथुम् (accusative singular)
पृथू (accusative dual)
पृथून् (accusative plural)
पृथुना (instrumental singular)
पृथ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृथुभिः (instrumental plural)
पृथवे (dative singular)
पृथ्वे1 (dative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (dative plural)
पृथोः (ablative singular)
पृथ्वः1 (ablative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृथोः (genitive singular)
पृथ्वः1 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual genitive)
पृथूनाम् (genitive plural)
पृथौ (locative singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual locative)
पृथुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pr̥tʰúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥tʰúš, from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬎 (pər^əθu), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Old Armenian յաղթ (yałtʻ), English flat.


पृथु

pṛthú (romanization)
पृथुः (nominative singular)
पृथू (dual nominative)
पृथवः (nominative plural)
पृथो (singular vocative)
पृथू (dual vocative)
पृथवः (plural vocative)
पृथुम् (accusative singular)
पृथू (accusative dual)
पृथूः (accusative plural)
पृथ्वा (instrumental singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृथुभिः (instrumental plural)
पृथवे (dative singular)
पृथ्वै1 (dative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (dative plural)
पृथोः (ablative singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
पृथ्वै2 (ablative singular)
पृथुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृथुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृथोः (genitive singular)
पृथ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वै2 (genitive singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual genitive)
पृथूनाम् (genitive plural)
पृथौ (locative singular)
पृथ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
पृथ्वोः (dual locative)
पृथुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (piṛik, “palm of hand”)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (peṛek, “palm of hand”)

Shumashti: [script needed] (piṛik)

(botany) Nigella sativa var. sativa, syn. Nigella indica


पर्कटी

parkaṭī (romanization)
पर्कटी (nominative singular)
पर्कट्यौ (dual nominative)
पर्कट्यः (nominative plural)
पर्कटि (singular vocative)
पर्कट्यौ (dual vocative)
पर्कट्यः (plural vocative)
पर्कटीम् (accusative singular)
पर्कट्यौ (accusative dual)
पर्कटीः (accusative plural)
पर्कट्या (instrumental singular)
पर्कटीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्कटीभिः (instrumental plural)
पर्कट्यै (dative singular)
पर्कटीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्कटीभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्कट्याः (ablative singular)
पर्कटीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्कटीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्कट्याः (genitive singular)
पर्कट्योः (dual genitive)
पर्कटीनाम् (genitive plural)
पर्कट्याम् (locative singular)
पर्कट्योः (dual locative)
पर्कटीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of पर्कटी

पर्कटीभ्याम्

पर्कटीभ्याम्

पर्कटीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पर्कटीभ्याम्

पर्कटीभ्याम्

पर्कटीभ्याम्

Bengali: পর্কটী (pôrkôṭī)

Ficus infectoria
Ficus infectoria#Translingual


पृषत्

pṛ́ṣat (romanization)
पृषन् (nominative singular)
पृषन्तौ (dual nominative)
पृषन्ता1 (dual nominative)
पृषन्तः (nominative plural)
पृषन् (singular vocative)
पृषन्तौ (dual vocative)
पृषन्ता1 (dual vocative)
पृषन्तः (plural vocative)
पृषन्तम् (accusative singular)
पृषन्तौ (accusative dual)
पृषन्ता1 (accusative dual)
पृषतः (accusative plural)
पृषता (instrumental singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृषद्भिः (instrumental plural)
पृषते (dative singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पृषद्भ्यः (dative plural)
पृषतः (ablative singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृषद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पृषतः (genitive singular)
पृषतोः (dual genitive)
पृषताम् (genitive plural)
पृषति (locative singular)
पृषतोः (dual locative)
पृषत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pŕ̥ṣans ~ *pr̥ṣatás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pŕ̥šans ~ *pr̥šatás, from Proto-Indo-European *pérs-ont-s ~ *pŕ̥s-n̥t-és, from *pers- (“to sprinkle”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish pelişîn (“to decay, be crushed, decompose, fade”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia), Classical Persian پاشیدن (pāšīḏan).


पृषत्

pṛ́ṣat (romanization)
पृषत् (nominative singular)
पृषन्ती (dual nominative)
पृषन्ति (nominative plural)
पृषत् (singular vocative)
पृषन्ती (dual vocative)
पृषन्ति (plural vocative)
पृषत् (accusative singular)
पृषन्ती (accusative dual)
पृषन्ति (accusative plural)
पृषता (instrumental singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृषद्भिः (instrumental plural)
पृषते (dative singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पृषद्भ्यः (dative plural)
पृषतः (ablative singular)
पृषद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृषद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पृषतः (genitive singular)
पृषतोः (dual genitive)
पृषताम् (genitive plural)
पृषति (locative singular)
पृषतोः (dual locative)
पृषत्सु (locative plural)


पार्ष्णि

sa-noun

पार्ष्णि • (pā́rṣṇi) stem, f

pā́rṣṇi (romanization)
पार्ष्णिः (nominative singular)
पार्ष्णी (dual nominative)
पार्ष्णयः (nominative plural)
पार्ष्णे (singular vocative)
पार्ष्णी (dual vocative)
पार्ष्णयः (plural vocative)
पार्ष्णिम् (accusative singular)
पार्ष्णी (accusative dual)
पार्ष्णीः (accusative plural)
पार्ष्ण्या (instrumental singular)
पार्ष्णी1 (instrumental singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पार्ष्णिभिः (instrumental plural)
पार्ष्णये (dative singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै2 (dative singular)
पार्ष्णी1 (dative singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पार्ष्णिभ्यः (dative plural)
पार्ष्णेः (ablative singular)
पार्ष्ण्याः2 (ablative singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै3 (ablative singular)
पार्ष्णिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पार्ष्णिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पार्ष्णेः (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्याः2 (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्यै3 (genitive singular)
पार्ष्ण्योः (dual genitive)
पार्ष्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
पार्ष्णौ (locative singular)
पार्ष्ण्याम्2 (locative singular)
पार्ष्णा1 (locative singular)
पार्ष्ण्योः (dual locative)
पार्ष्णिषु (locative plural)

Kalasha: paṣní

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pā́rṣṇiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ršniš, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē), Latin perna, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna), Persian پاشنه (pâšne).

the extremity of the fore-axle to which the outside horses of a four-horse chariot are attached (the two inner horses being harnessed to the धुर् (dhúr), or chariot-pole)


पर्शु

párśu (romanization)
पर्शुः (nominative singular)
पर्शू (dual nominative)
पर्शवः (nominative plural)
पर्शो (singular vocative)
पर्शू (dual vocative)
पर्शवः (plural vocative)
पर्शुम् (accusative singular)
पर्शू (accusative dual)
पर्शून् (accusative plural)
पर्शुना (instrumental singular)
पर्श्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्शुभिः (instrumental plural)
पर्शवे (dative singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्शुभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्शोः (ablative singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्शुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्शोः (genitive singular)
पर्श्वोः (dual genitive)
पर्शूनाम् (genitive plural)
पर्शौ (locative singular)
पर्श्वोः (dual locative)
पर्शुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Shina: प्रशु (práśu)

Punjabi: ਪੱਸਲੀ (passalī)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀲𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀆 (paṃsuliā)

Gujarati: પાંસળી (pā̃saḷī)

Hindi: पसली (paslī)

desc

Old Marathi: पासोळी (pāsoḷī), पांसोळी (pāṃsoḷī)

Marathi: फासळी (phāsḷī)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus
Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš
Sanskrit पर्शु (parśu)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš, from Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬎𐬱 (pər^əsuš, “rib, side”), Northern Kurdish parsû (“rib”), Ossetian фарс (fars, “side”), Old Church Slavonic прьси (prĭsi, “breast”); see also पृष्टि (pṛṣṭi, “rib”).
In the Rigveda, this word means only "rib", but it came also to mean "sickle" in the later Atharvaveda. This semantic transfer becomes clear when we take into consideration the rib-like shape of the sickle and realize that the rib of a horse was actually sharpened to produce the instrument.

cog

सं मा॑ तपन्त्य॒भित॑: स॒पत्नी॑रिव॒ पर्श॑वः।
मूषो॒ न शि॒श्ना व्य॑दन्ति मा॒ध्य॑: स्तो॒तारं॑ ते शतक्रतो वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी॥
sáṃ mā tapantyabhíta: sapátnīriva párśavaḥ.
mū́ṣo ná śiśnā́ vyadanti mādhyà: stotā́raṃ te śatakrato vittáṃ me asyá rodasī.
The ribs (of the well close) round me, like the rival wives (of one husband); cares consume me, Śatakratu, although your worshipper, as a rat (gnaws a weaver's) threads.

Heaven and earth, be conscious of this (my affliction).

प्र यच्छ पर्शुं त्वरया हरौसमहिंसन्त ओषधीर्दान्तु पर्वन् ।
यासां सोमः परि राज्यं बभूवामन्युता नो वीरुधो भवन्तु ॥
pra yaccha parśuṃ tvarayā harausamahiṃsanta oṣadhīrdāntu parvan.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.3.31

Present the sickle: quickly bring it hither. Let them out plants and joints with hands that harm not.
So may the plants be free from wrath against us, they o'er whose realm Soma hath won dominion.

yāsāṃ somaḥ pari rājyaṃ babhūvāmanyutā no vīrudho bhavantu.


पर्शु

párśu (romanization)
पर्शुः (nominative singular)
पर्शू (dual nominative)
पर्शवः (nominative plural)
पर्शो (singular vocative)
पर्शू (dual vocative)
पर्शवः (plural vocative)
पर्शुम् (accusative singular)
पर्शू (accusative dual)
पर्शूः (accusative plural)
पर्श्वा (instrumental singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्शुभिः (instrumental plural)
पर्शवे (dative singular)
पर्श्वै1 (dative singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्शुभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्शोः (ablative singular)
पर्श्वाः1 (ablative singular)
पर्श्वै2 (ablative singular)
पर्शुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्शुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्शोः (genitive singular)
पर्श्वाः1 (genitive singular)
पर्श्वै2 (genitive singular)
पर्श्वोः (dual genitive)
पर्शूनाम् (genitive plural)
पर्शौ (locative singular)
पर्श्वाम्1 (locative singular)
पर्श्वोः (dual locative)
पर्शुषु (locative plural)


प्रश्न

praśná (romanization)
प्रश्नः (nominative singular)
प्रश्नौ (dual nominative)
प्रश्ना1 (dual nominative)
प्रश्नाः (nominative plural)
प्रश्नासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रश्न (singular vocative)
प्रश्नौ (dual vocative)
प्रश्ना1 (dual vocative)
प्रश्नाः (plural vocative)
प्रश्नासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रश्नम् (accusative singular)
प्रश्नौ (accusative dual)
प्रश्ना1 (accusative dual)
प्रश्नान् (accusative plural)
प्रश्नेन (instrumental singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रश्नैः (instrumental plural)
प्रश्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रश्नाय (dative singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रश्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रश्नात् (ablative singular)
प्रश्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रश्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रश्नस्य (genitive singular)
प्रश्नयोः (dual genitive)
प्रश्नानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रश्ने (locative singular)
प्रश्नयोः (dual locative)
प्रश्नेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *praśnás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *praćnás, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ-nó-s or *ploḱ-nó-s, from *pleḱ- (“to fold, weave”). Cognate with Latin plecto, Ancient Greek πλοκή (plokḗ).


प्रश्न

→ Burmese: ပြဿနာ (pra.ssa.na)

→ Hindi: प्रश्न (praśna) (learned)

→ Khmer: ប្រស្នា (prɑɑsnaa)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ (praśne) (learned)

desc

→ Malayalam: പ്രശ്നം (praśnaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: praśna (learned)

Devanagari script: प्रश्न

Modi script: 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘫𑘿𑘡

→ Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ (praśan) (learned)

→ Tamil: பிரச்சனை (piraccaṉai) (learned)

→ Telugu: ప్రశ్న (praśna) (learned)

From the root प्रछ् (prach) + -न (-na), whence पृच्छति (pṛccháti, “to ask, question, interrogate”).

कुशलप्रश्न (kúśala-praśna)

friendly enquiry after a person's health or welfare, salutation

question, demand, interrogation, query, inquiry; also in compounds:

साक्षिप्रश्न (sā-kṣi-praśna)

दिव्यप्रश्न (divyá-praśna)

देवप्रश्न (devá-praśna)

दैवप्रश्न (daíva-praśna)

(astrology) astrological inquiry into the future

प्रत्नम् प्रब्रवीति (praśnam pra-√brū)

प्रत्नम् एति (praśnam √i) (+ accusative) or प्रत्नम् आ गच्छति (praśnam ā √gam) (+locative of person)

to lay a question before any one for decision

प्रश्नस् तव पितरि (praśnas tava pitari)

a subject of inquiry, point at issue, controversy, problem


क्लोमन्

klóman (romanization)
क्लोमा (nominative singular)
क्लोमानौ (dual nominative)
क्लोमाना1 (dual nominative)
क्लोमानः (nominative plural)
क्लोमन् (singular vocative)
क्लोमानौ (dual vocative)
क्लोमाना1 (dual vocative)
क्लोमानः (plural vocative)
क्लोमानम् (accusative singular)
क्लोमानौ (accusative dual)
क्लोमाना1 (accusative dual)
क्लोम्नः (accusative plural)
क्लोम्ना (instrumental singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लोमभिः (instrumental plural)
क्लोम्ने (dative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लोम्नः (ablative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लोम्नः (genitive singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual genitive)
क्लोम्नाम् (genitive plural)
क्लोम्नि (locative singular)
क्लोमनि (locative singular)
क्लोमन्1 (locative singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual locative)
क्लोमसु (locative plural)
क्लोम (nominative singular)
क्लोम्नी (dual nominative)
क्लोमनी (dual nominative)
क्लोमानि (nominative plural)
क्लोम1 (nominative plural)
क्लोमा1 (nominative plural)
क्लोमन् (singular vocative)
क्लोम (singular vocative)
क्लोम्नी (dual vocative)
क्लोमनी (dual vocative)
क्लोमानि (plural vocative)
क्लोम1 (plural vocative)
क्लोमा1 (plural vocative)
क्लोम (accusative singular)
क्लोम्नी (accusative dual)
क्लोमनी (accusative dual)
क्लोमानि (accusative plural)
क्लोम1 (accusative plural)
क्लोमा1 (accusative plural)
क्लोम्ना (instrumental singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्लोमभिः (instrumental plural)
क्लोम्ने (dative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (dative plural)
क्लोम्नः (ablative singular)
क्लोमभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्लोमभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्लोम्नः (genitive singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual genitive)
क्लोम्नाम् (genitive plural)
क्लोम्नि (locative singular)
क्लोमनि (locative singular)
क्लोमन्1 (locative singular)
क्लोम्नोः (dual locative)
क्लोमसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: króma

From Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō. Compare Ancient Greek πλεύμων (pleúmōn), Latin pulmō, Old Church Slavonic плюща (pljušta). The shift *p > k is an innovation, possibly within Indo-Aryan.

हृदयात्ते परि क्लोम्नो हलीक्ष्णात्पार्श्वाभ्याम् ।
यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां प्लीह्नो यक्नस्ते वि वृहामसि ॥
hṛdayātte pari klomno halīkṣṇātpārśvābhyām.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.33.3

Forth from thy heart and from thy lungs, from thy gall-bladder and thy sides,
From kidneys, spleen and liver thy malady we uproot.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ plīhno yaknaste vi vṛhāmasi.


प्लुषि

plúṣi (romanization)
प्लुषिः (nominative singular)
प्लुषी (dual nominative)
प्लुषयः (nominative plural)
प्लुषे (singular vocative)
प्लुषी (dual vocative)
प्लुषयः (plural vocative)
प्लुषिम् (accusative singular)
प्लुषी (accusative dual)
प्लुषीन् (accusative plural)
प्लुषिणा (instrumental singular)
प्लुष्या1 (instrumental singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्लुषिभिः (instrumental plural)
प्लुषये (dative singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्लुषिभ्यः (dative plural)
प्लुषेः (ablative singular)
प्लुष्यः1 (ablative singular)
प्लुषिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्लुषिभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्लुषेः (genitive singular)
प्लुष्यः1 (genitive singular)
प्लुष्योः (dual genitive)
प्लुषीणाम् (genitive plural)
प्लुषौ (locative singular)
प्लुषा1 (locative singular)
प्लुष्योः (dual locative)
प्लुषिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: پُلُوݰوُ (pulúṣu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *plúṣiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *plúšiš, from Proto-Indo-European *plúsis (“flea”). Cognate with Latin pūlex, Ancient Greek ψύλλα (psúlla), Old English flēa (whence English flea).

a prajā́pataye púruṣān hastínā ā́labʰate vācé plúṣīn


फेन

phéna (romanization)
फेनः (nominative singular)
फेनौ (dual nominative)
फेना1 (dual nominative)
फेनाः (nominative plural)
फेनासः1 (nominative plural)
फेन (singular vocative)
फेनौ (dual vocative)
फेना1 (dual vocative)
फेनाः (plural vocative)
फेनासः1 (plural vocative)
फेनम् (accusative singular)
फेनौ (accusative dual)
फेना1 (accusative dual)
फेनान् (accusative plural)
फेनेन (instrumental singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फेनैः (instrumental plural)
फेनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फेनाय (dative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (dative plural)
फेनात् (ablative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फेनस्य (genitive singular)
फेनयोः (dual genitive)
फेनानाम् (genitive plural)
फेने (locative singular)
फेनयोः (dual locative)
फेनेषु (locative plural)
फेनम् (nominative singular)
फेने (dual nominative)
फेनानि (nominative plural)
फेना1 (nominative plural)
फेन (singular vocative)
फेने (dual vocative)
फेनानि (plural vocative)
फेना1 (plural vocative)
फेनम् (accusative singular)
फेने (accusative dual)
फेनानि (accusative plural)
फेना1 (accusative plural)
फेनेन (instrumental singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फेनैः (instrumental plural)
फेनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फेनाय (dative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (dative plural)
फेनात् (ablative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फेनस्य (genitive singular)
फेनयोः (dual genitive)
फेनानाम् (genitive plural)
फेने (locative singular)
फेनयोः (dual locative)
फेनेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-nh₂-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with Lithuanian spáinė, Russian пе́на (péna), Latin pūmex (“pumice”), spuma (“froth”), Old English fām (whence English foam).

अपां फेनेन नमुचेः शिर इन्द्रोदवर्तयः ।
apāṃ phenena namuceḥ śira indrodavartayaḥ.

With waters' foam thou torest off, Indra, the head of Namuci

white cuttlefish bone, supposed to be indurated foam of the sea


पार्वती

pā́rvatī (romanization)
पार्वती (nominative singular)
पार्वत्यौ (dual nominative)
पार्वती1 (dual nominative)
पार्वत्यः (nominative plural)
पार्वतीः1 (nominative plural)
पार्वति (singular vocative)
पार्वत्यौ (dual vocative)
पार्वती1 (dual vocative)
पार्वत्यः (plural vocative)
पार्वतीः1 (plural vocative)
पार्वतीम् (accusative singular)
पार्वत्यौ (accusative dual)
पार्वती1 (accusative dual)
पार्वतीः (accusative plural)
पार्वत्या (instrumental singular)
पार्वतीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पार्वतीभिः (instrumental plural)
पार्वत्यै (dative singular)
पार्वतीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पार्वतीभ्यः (dative plural)
पार्वत्याः (ablative singular)
पार्वत्यै2 (ablative singular)
पार्वतीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पार्वतीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पार्वत्याः (genitive singular)
पार्वत्यै2 (genitive singular)
पार्वत्योः (dual genitive)
पार्वतीनाम् (genitive plural)
पार्वत्याम् (locative singular)
पार्वत्योः (dual locative)
पार्वतीषु (locative plural)

/ˈpɑːɾ.ʋɐ.t̪iː/


प्रथम

prathamá (romanization)
प्रथमः (nominative singular)
प्रथमौ (dual nominative)
प्रथमा1 (dual nominative)
प्रथमाः (nominative plural)
प्रथमासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रथम (singular vocative)
प्रथमौ (dual vocative)
प्रथमा1 (dual vocative)
प्रथमाः (plural vocative)
प्रथमासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रथमम् (accusative singular)
प्रथमौ (accusative dual)
प्रथमा1 (accusative dual)
प्रथमान् (accusative plural)
प्रथमेन (instrumental singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रथमैः (instrumental plural)
प्रथमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रथमाय (dative singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रथमेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रथमात् (ablative singular)
प्रथमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रथमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रथमस्य (genitive singular)
प्रथमयोः (dual genitive)
प्रथमानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रथमे (locative singular)
प्रथमयोः (dual locative)
प्रथमेषु (locative plural)

/ˈpɾɐ.t̪ʰɐ.mɐ/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratʰamás (“first, foremost”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós (“foremost”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma), Old Persian 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (f-r-t-m-a /fratama/), Old Armenian փարթամ (pʻartʻam).

inh+

(grammar) (namely वर्ण (varṇa)) the first consonant of a वर्ग (varga), a surd unaspirate letter

पुरुष पुरुष#Sanskrit

(grammar) (namely पुरुष (puruṣa)) the first (in Western grammar terminology, the 3rd) person or its terminations

(mathematics) the sum of the products divided by the difference between the squares of the cosine of the azimuth and the sine of the amplitude


पूर

pūra (romanization)
पूरः (nominative singular)
पूरौ (dual nominative)
पूरा1 (dual nominative)
पूराः (nominative plural)
पूरासः1 (nominative plural)
पूर (singular vocative)
पूरौ (dual vocative)
पूरा1 (dual vocative)
पूराः (plural vocative)
पूरासः1 (plural vocative)
पूरम् (accusative singular)
पूरौ (accusative dual)
पूरा1 (accusative dual)
पूरान् (accusative plural)
पूरेण (instrumental singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूरैः (instrumental plural)
पूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पूराय (dative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पूरात् (ablative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूरस्य (genitive singular)
पूरयोः (dual genitive)
पूराणाम् (genitive plural)
पूरे (locative singular)
पूरयोः (dual locative)
पूरेषु (locative plural)

From the root पॄ (pṝ). See also पूरक (pūraka) for more descendants.

the swelling or rising of a river or of the sea, a large quantity of water, flood, stream (also metaphorically = abundance, high degree)


पूर

pūra (romanization)
पूरम् (nominative singular)
पूरे (dual nominative)
पूराणि (nominative plural)
पूरा1 (nominative plural)
पूर (singular vocative)
पूरे (dual vocative)
पूराणि (plural vocative)
पूरा1 (plural vocative)
पूरम् (accusative singular)
पूरे (accusative dual)
पूराणि (accusative plural)
पूरा1 (accusative plural)
पूरेण (instrumental singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूरैः (instrumental plural)
पूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पूराय (dative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
पूरात् (ablative singular)
पूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूरस्य (genitive singular)
पूरयोः (dual genitive)
पूराणाम् (genitive plural)
पूरे (locative singular)
पूरयोः (dual locative)
पूरेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀽𑀭 (pūra)

Pali: pūra


पुलक

pulaka (romanization)
पुलकः (nominative singular)
पुलकौ (dual nominative)
पुलकाः (nominative plural)
पुलक (singular vocative)
पुलकौ (dual vocative)
पुलकाः (plural vocative)
पुलकम् (accusative singular)
पुलकौ (accusative dual)
पुलकान् (accusative plural)
पुलकेन (instrumental singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुलकैः (instrumental plural)
पुलकाय (dative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुलकात् (ablative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुलकस्य (genitive singular)
पुलकयोः (dual genitive)
पुलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुलके (locative singular)
पुलकयोः (dual locative)
पुलकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पुलक

From Proto-Indo-European *pulu- (“hair”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυλεών (puleṓn, “wreathe, circlet”), Irish ulcha (“beard”), etc.

cog

(in the plural) erection or bristling of the hairs of the body (considered to be occasioned by delight or rapture rather than by fear)

a cake of meal with which elephants are fed


पुलक

pulaka (romanization)
पुलकम् (nominative singular)
पुलके (dual nominative)
पुलकानि (nominative plural)
पुलक (singular vocative)
पुलके (dual vocative)
पुलकानि (plural vocative)
पुलकम् (accusative singular)
पुलके (accusative dual)
पुलकानि (accusative plural)
पुलकेन (instrumental singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुलकैः (instrumental plural)
पुलकाय (dative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुलकात् (ablative singular)
पुलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुलकस्य (genitive singular)
पुलकयोः (dual genitive)
पुलकानाम् (genitive plural)
पुलके (locative singular)
पुलकयोः (dual locative)
पुलकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पुलक</i>


भट्ट

bhaṭṭa (romanization)
भट्टः (nominative singular)
भट्टौ (dual nominative)
भट्टा1 (dual nominative)
भट्टाः (nominative plural)
भट्टासः1 (nominative plural)
भट्ट (singular vocative)
भट्टौ (dual vocative)
भट्टा1 (dual vocative)
भट्टाः (plural vocative)
भट्टासः1 (plural vocative)
भट्टम् (accusative singular)
भट्टौ (accusative dual)
भट्टा1 (accusative dual)
भट्टान् (accusative plural)
भट्टेन (instrumental singular)
भट्टाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भट्टैः (instrumental plural)
भट्टेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भट्टाय (dative singular)
भट्टाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भट्टेभ्यः (dative plural)
भट्टात् (ablative singular)
भट्टाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भट्टेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भट्टस्य (genitive singular)
भट्टयोः (dual genitive)
भट्टानाम् (genitive plural)
भट्टे (locative singular)
भट्टयोः (dual locative)
भट्टेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: ভাট (bhat)

Hindi: भट (bhaṭ)

Corrupted form of earlier भर्तृ (bhartṛ́, “master”).

lord, my lord, a title of respect used by humble persons addressing a prince

but also affixed or prefixed to the names of learned Brahmins (English: Bhatt, Bhat or Bhatta)

also any learned man = doctor or philosopher

name of a particular mixed caste of hereditary panegyrists, a bard, encomiast


ब्राह्मण

sa-noun

ब्राह्मण • (brāhmaṇa) stem, m (feminine ब्राह्मणी)

brāhmaṇa (romanization)
ब्राह्मणी (feminine)
ब्राह्मणः (nominative singular)
ब्राह्मणौ (dual nominative)
ब्राह्मणा1 (dual nominative)
ब्राह्मणाः (nominative plural)
ब्राह्मणासः1 (nominative plural)
ब्राह्मण (singular vocative)
ब्राह्मणौ (dual vocative)
ब्राह्मणा1 (dual vocative)
ब्राह्मणाः (plural vocative)
ब्राह्मणासः1 (plural vocative)
ब्राह्मणम् (accusative singular)
ब्राह्मणौ (accusative dual)
ब्राह्मणा1 (accusative dual)
ब्राह्मणान् (accusative plural)
ब्राह्मणेन (instrumental singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्राह्मणैः (instrumental plural)
ब्राह्मणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ब्राह्मणाय (dative singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्राह्मणात् (ablative singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्राह्मणस्य (genitive singular)
ब्राह्मणयोः (dual genitive)
ब्राह्मणानाम् (genitive plural)
ब्राह्मणे (locative singular)
ब्राह्मणयोः (dual locative)
ब्राह्मणेषु (locative plural)

/bɾɑ́ːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/

/ˈbɾɑːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of ब्रह्मन् (brahman), most likely from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to become high, rise, elevate”). Less likely, cognate with Latin flāmen (“priest”) via a hypothetical root *bʰlag-, but this presents phonetic problems. In any case, synchronically equivalent to the root √bṛh (“to grow, swell”).

inh

ब्राह्म॑णास॒: पित॑र॒: सोम्या॑सः शि॒वे नो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॑ने॒हसा॑ ।
पू॒षा न॑: पातु दुरि॒तादृ॑तावृधो॒ रक्षा॒ माकि॑र्नो अ॒घशं॑स ईशत ॥
brā́hmaṇāsa: pítara: sómyāsaḥ śivé no dyā́vāpṛthivī́ anehásā.
pūṣā́ na: pātu duritā́dṛtāvṛdho rákṣā mā́kirno agháśaṃsa īśata.

May the brāhmaṇas, the progenitors presenters of the Soma, the observers of truth, protect us; may the faultless heaven and earth be propitious to us; may Pūṣan preserve us from misfortune, let no calumniator prevail over us.

one who has divine knowledge (sometimes applied to Agni), a Brahmin, a man belonging to the 1st of the 3 twice-born classes and of the 4 original divisions of the Hindu body (generally a priest, but often in the present day a layman engaged in non-priestly occupations although the name is strictly only applicable to one who knows and repeats the Veda)

मात्र मात्र#Sanskrit

श्रोत्रिय श्रोत्रिय#Sanskrit

a Brahmin in the second stage (between मात्र (mātra) and श्रोत्रिय (śrotriya))


ब्राह्मण

brā́hmaṇa (romanization)
ब्राह्मणम् (nominative singular)
ब्राह्मणे (dual nominative)
ब्राह्मणानि (nominative plural)
ब्राह्मणा1 (nominative plural)
ब्राह्मण (singular vocative)
ब्राह्मणे (dual vocative)
ब्राह्मणानि (plural vocative)
ब्राह्मणा1 (plural vocative)
ब्राह्मणम् (accusative singular)
ब्राह्मणे (accusative dual)
ब्राह्मणानि (accusative plural)
ब्राह्मणा1 (accusative plural)
ब्राह्मणेन (instrumental singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्राह्मणैः (instrumental plural)
ब्राह्मणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ब्राह्मणाय (dative singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्राह्मणात् (ablative singular)
ब्राह्मणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्राह्मणस्य (genitive singular)
ब्राह्मणयोः (dual genitive)
ब्राह्मणानाम् (genitive plural)
ब्राह्मणे (locative singular)
ब्राह्मणयोः (dual locative)
ब्राह्मणेषु (locative plural)

Inherited

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀡 (brāmhaṇa)
Prakrit: 𑀩𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀡 (bamhaṇa), 𑀩𑀁𑀪𑀡 (baṃbhaṇa)
Early Assamese: বামন (bamono)
Assamese: বামুণ (bamun)
Bengali: বামন (bamon)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: बाम्हन (bāmhan), बाभन (bābhan)
Maithili: बामन (bāman), बाभन (bābhan)
Gujarati: બામણ (bāmaṇ)
Hindustani:
Awadhi: बाम्हन (bāmhan)
Hindi: बाम्हन (bāmhan)
Konkani:
Devanagari script: बामण (bāmaṇ)
Latin script: bamonn
Marathi: बामण (bāmaṇ)
Nepali: बाहुन (bāhuna)
Odia: ବାମୁଣ (bāmuṇa) (dialectal or obsolete ବାଭୁଣ (bābhuṇa), ବାମୁଣ (bāmuṇa), ବାମ୍ଭୁଣ (bāmbhuṇa))
Pahari:
Garhwali: बामण (bāmaṇ)
Kumaoni: बामण (bāmaṇ)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਬਾਹਮਣ (bāhmaṇ)
Shahmukhi script: باہْمَݨ (bāhmaṇ)
Sindhi: براهَمَڻُ
→ Kurukh: बमभ्नस (bambhnas)
Elu:
Sinhalese: බඹ (baᵐba)
Gandhari: 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa)

Borrowed

→ Arabic: بِرَهْمَن (birahman)

desc

→ Persian: بَرَهمَن

→ Persian: بَرَهمَن

→ Balinese: ᬩ᭄ᬭᬄᬫᬦ

→ Bengali: ব্রাহ্মণ (brahmon) (learned)

→ Middle Chinese: 婆羅門 (MC ba la mwon)

zh-l

婆羅門／婆罗门 (póluómén)

Chinese: 婆羅門／婆罗门 (póluómén)

Japanese: 婆羅門 (バラモン, baramon)

Korean: 파라문(婆羅門) (paramun)

Vietnamese: Bà La Môn (婆羅門)

→ French: brahmane

→ German: Brahmane

→ Finnish: brahmaani

→ Dutch: bramaan

→ Portuguese: brâmane

→ Russian: брахма́н (braxmán)

→ Belarusian: брахма́н (braxmán)

→ Kazakh: брахман (braxman)

→ Kyrgyz: брахман (brahman)

→ Ukrainian: брахма́н (braxmán)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: βραχμᾶνες pl (brakhmânes)

→ Aramaic: ܒܪܟܡܢܐ

→ Coptic: ⲃⲣⲁⲭⲙⲁⲛⲏⲥ (brakhmanēs)

→ Greek: βραχμάνος (vrachmános)

→ Latin: Bracmāni pl, Brachmānae, Bragmānae

→ Middle English: bragman

→ Gujarati: બ્રાહ્મણ (brāhmaṇ) (learned)

→ Hindi: ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇ) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ (brāhmaṇa) (learned)

→? Old Khmer: វ្រះ (vraḥ)

→ Lao: ພາມ (phām)

→ Malayalam: ബ്രാഹ്മണൻ (brāhmaṇaṉ) (learned)

→ Marathi: ब्राह्मण (brāhmaṇ) (learned)

→ Odia: ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ (brāhmaṇa) (learned)

→ Pali: brāhmaṇa (learned)

→ Burmese: ပုဏ္ဏား (punna:)

→ Burmese: ဗြာဟ္မဏ (brahma.na.) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: බ්රාහ්මණය (brāhmaṇaya) (learned)

→ Portuguese: bramine (obsolete)

→ Middle French: bramine

French: brahmine

→ English: brahmin, brahman

→ Irish: Bráman

→ Korean: 브라만 (beuraman)

→ Russian: брами́н (bramín)

→ Italian: bramino

→ Sogdian: 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼺𐼻 (prʾmn), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼺𐼰𐼻 (prʾmʾn), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼰𐼺𐼰 (prʾʾmʾ), 𐼾𐽀𐼰𐼰𐼺𐼻 (prʾʾmn)

→ Old Uyghur: [script needed] (braman)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ (biraman)

Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨ (biraman)

Buryat: бирман (birman)

Mongolian: бярман (bjarman)

Written Oirat: [Term?]

Kalmyk: бирмн (birmn)

→ Tamil: பிராமணர் (pirāmaṇar) (learned)

→ Telugu: బ్రాహ్మణులు (brāhmaṇulu) (learned)

→ Thai: พราหมณ์ (praam)

→ Classical Tibetan: བྲམ་ཟེ (bram ze) (learned)

→ Tocharian A: brāmaṃ, brāhmaṃ, prāmaṃ, prāhmaṃ, prāmmaṃ

→ Tocharian B: brāhmaṇe

→ Urdu: براہمن (learned)

/bɾɑ́ːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/

/ˈbɾɑːɦ.mɐ.ɳɐ/

the Brahmana portion of the Veda (as distinct from its mantra and Upanishad portion)

a society or assemblage of Brahmins, a conclave


पायु

pā́yu (romanization)
पायुः (nominative singular)
पायू (dual nominative)
पायवः (nominative plural)
पायो (singular vocative)
पायू (dual vocative)
पायवः (plural vocative)
पायुम् (accusative singular)
पायू (accusative dual)
पायून् (accusative plural)
पायुना (instrumental singular)
पाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायुभिः (instrumental plural)
पायवे (dative singular)
पाय्वे1 (dative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायुभ्यः (dative plural)
पायोः (ablative singular)
पाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायोः (genitive singular)
पाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
पाय्वोः (dual genitive)
पायूनाम् (genitive plural)
पायौ (locative singular)
पाय्वोः (dual locative)
पायुषु (locative plural)


पायु

pāyú (romanization)
पायुः (nominative singular)
पायू (dual nominative)
पायवः (nominative plural)
पायो (singular vocative)
पायू (dual vocative)
पायवः (plural vocative)
पायुम् (accusative singular)
पायू (accusative dual)
पायून् (accusative plural)
पायुना (instrumental singular)
पाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायुभिः (instrumental plural)
पायवे (dative singular)
पाय्वे1 (dative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायुभ्यः (dative plural)
पायोः (ablative singular)
पाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
पायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायोः (genitive singular)
पाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
पाय्वोः (dual genitive)
पायूनाम् (genitive plural)
पायौ (locative singular)
पाय्वोः (dual locative)
पायुषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: పాయువు (pāyuvu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *paHyúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”) (whence also Sanskrit पाति (pā́ti)). Cognate with Ancient Greek πῶυ (pôu, “flock of sheep”).

cog

guard, protector, (especially instrumental plural "with protecting powers or actions, helpfully")


दान

dā́na (romanization)
दानम् (nominative singular)
दाने (dual nominative)
दानानि (nominative plural)
दाना1 (nominative plural)
दान (singular vocative)
दाने (dual vocative)
दानानि (plural vocative)
दाना1 (plural vocative)
दानम् (accusative singular)
दाने (accusative dual)
दानानि (accusative plural)
दाना1 (accusative plural)
दानेन (instrumental singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दानैः (instrumental plural)
दानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दानाय (dative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दानेभ्यः (dative plural)
दानात् (ablative singular)
दानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दानस्य (genitive singular)
दानयोः (dual genitive)
दानानाम् (genitive plural)
दाने (locative singular)
दानयोः (dual locative)
दानेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna) (Girnar)

Sylheti: ꠖꠣꠘ (dan)

Bengali: দান (dan)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀦 (dāna)

Old Gujarati: दाण (dāṇa)

Gujarati: દાણ (dāṇ)

Old Hindi: दान (dāna)

Braj: दान (dān)

Hindi: दान (dān)

Urdu: دان (dān)

desctree

Pali: dāna
→ Burmese: ဒါန (dana.)
→ Khmer: ទាន (tiən)
→ Lao: ທານ (thān)
→ Mon: ဒါန်
→ Thai: ทาน (taan)

Borrowings

→ Balinese: ᬤᬵᬦ (dana)

→ English: dana

→ Classical Malay: dana

Malay: dana
Indonesian: dana

→ Middle Chinese: 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na)

Chinese: 檀那 (tánnà)

Mandarin: 檀那 (tánnà)

→ Japanese: 旦那 (danna)

→ Old Javanese: dāna
> Javanese: ꦢꦤ (dana) (inherited)

→ Old Gujarati: दान (dāna)

→ Punjabi: ਦਾਨ (dān)/ دان (dān)

From Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom (“gift”), from *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Latin dōnum (“gift”), Old Irish dán (“gift”).

तदेतत्त्रयँ शिक्षेद् दमं दानं दयामिति

Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, 5.2.3 (c. 700 BC)

Learn three cardinal virtues - self restraint, charity and compassion for all life.

tadetattrayam̐ śikṣed damaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the practice of cultivating generosity; dana


दान

From √dā, variant of √do ("divide, cut, reap, mow"). Cognate to Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō, “to divide”).


अहि

áhi (romanization)
अहिः (nominative singular)
अही (dual nominative)
अहयः (nominative plural)
अहे (singular vocative)
अही (dual vocative)
अहयः (plural vocative)
अहिम् (accusative singular)
अही (accusative dual)
अहीन् (accusative plural)
अहिना (instrumental singular)
अह्या1 (instrumental singular)
अहिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अहिभिः (instrumental plural)
अहये (dative singular)
अहिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अहिभ्यः (dative plural)
अहेः (ablative singular)
अह्यः1 (ablative singular)
अहिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अहिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अहेः (genitive singular)
अह्यः1 (genitive singular)
अह्योः (dual genitive)
अहीनाम् (genitive plural)
अहौ (locative singular)
अहा1 (locative singular)
अह्योः (dual locative)
अहिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: آیی (ayí)

Pali: ahi

→ Assamese: অহি (ohi)

→ Bengali: অহি (ohi)

→ Marathi: अहि (ahi)

→ Tamil: அகி (aki)

→ Telugu: అహి (ahi)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háǰʰiš (“snake, serpent”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ógʷʰis (“snake”). Cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬲𐬌 (aži), Ancient Greek ὄφις (óphis), Old Armenian իժ (iž).

inh

अहि॒र् न जू॒र्णाम् अति॑ सर्पति॒ त्वच॒म् अत्यो॒ न क्रीळ॑न्न् असर॒द् वृषा॒ हरिः॑ ॥

He glideth like a serpent from his ancient skin, and like a playful horse the Tawny Steer hath run.

áhir ná jūrṇā́m áti sarpati tvácam átyo ná krī́ḷann asarad vṛ́ṣā háriḥ.

अहींश् च सर्वां जम्भयन्त् सर्वाश् च यातु-धान्यः ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.6.2

[Rudra] confounds all the serpents and all sorceries.

ahīṃś ca sarvāṃ jambhayant sarvāś ca yātu-dhānyaḥ.

the serpent of the sky, the demon Vritra


वृत्र

vṛtrá (romanization)
वृत्रः (nominative singular)
वृत्रौ (dual nominative)
वृत्रा1 (dual nominative)
वृत्राः (nominative plural)
वृत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रौ (dual vocative)
वृत्रा1 (dual vocative)
वृत्राः (plural vocative)
वृत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रौ (accusative dual)
वृत्रा1 (accusative dual)
वृत्रान् (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)
वृत्रम् (nominative singular)
वृत्रे (dual nominative)
वृत्राणि (nominative plural)
वृत्रा1 (nominative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रे (dual vocative)
वृत्राणि (plural vocative)
वृत्रा1 (plural vocative)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रे (accusative dual)
वृत्राणि (accusative plural)
वृत्रा1 (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥trás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥trás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀 (vər^əθra).

"coverer, investor, restrainer", an enemy, foe, hostile host


वृत्र

vṛtrá (romanization)
वृत्रः (nominative singular)
वृत्रौ (dual nominative)
वृत्रा1 (dual nominative)
वृत्राः (nominative plural)
वृत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रौ (dual vocative)
वृत्रा1 (dual vocative)
वृत्राः (plural vocative)
वृत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रौ (accusative dual)
वृत्रा1 (accusative dual)
वृत्रान् (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)


वृत्र

vṛtrá (romanization)
वृत्रम् (nominative singular)
वृत्रे (dual nominative)
वृत्राणि (nominative plural)
वृत्रा1 (nominative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रे (dual vocative)
वृत्राणि (plural vocative)
वृत्रा1 (plural vocative)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रे (accusative dual)
वृत्राणि (accusative plural)
वृत्रा1 (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)


ऋत

ṛtá (romanization)
ऋतम् (nominative singular)
ऋते (dual nominative)
ऋतानि (nominative plural)
ऋता1 (nominative plural)
ऋत (singular vocative)
ऋते (dual vocative)
ऋतानि (plural vocative)
ऋता1 (plural vocative)
ऋतम् (accusative singular)
ऋते (accusative dual)
ऋतानि (accusative plural)
ऋता1 (accusative plural)
ऋतेन (instrumental singular)
ऋताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋतैः (instrumental plural)
ऋतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋताय (dative singular)
ऋताभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋतेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋतात् (ablative singular)
ऋताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋतस्य (genitive singular)
ऋतयोः (dual genitive)
ऋतानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋते (locative singular)
ऋतयोः (dual locative)
ऋतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).

fixed or settled order, law, rule (especially in religion)

दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हा॒: सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्रा॑:॥
dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhā: sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprā:.
Hence, far away, ye Panis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,

Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, Ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.

sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth

म॒हान्ता॑ मि॒त्रावरु॑णा स॒म्राजा॑ दे॒वावसु॑रा।
ऋ॒तावा॑नाव्ऋ॒तम्आ घो॑षतो बृ॒हत्॥
mahā́ntā mitrā́váruṇā samrā́jā devā́vásurā.
ṛtā́vānāvṛtámā́ ghoṣato bṛhát.

Great Mitra and Varuṇa, sovereign kings, gods and spirits truth-possessing, loudly sound their lofty truth.

figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brahman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is अनृत (anṛta))

truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)


वल

valá (romanization)
वलः (nominative singular)
वलौ (dual nominative)
वला1 (dual nominative)
वलाः (nominative plural)
वलासः1 (nominative plural)
वल (singular vocative)
वलौ (dual vocative)
वला1 (dual vocative)
वलाः (plural vocative)
वलासः1 (plural vocative)
वलम् (accusative singular)
वलौ (accusative dual)
वला1 (accusative dual)
वलान् (accusative plural)
वलेन (instrumental singular)
वलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वलैः (instrumental plural)
वलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वलाय (dative singular)
वलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वलेभ्यः (dative plural)
वलात् (ablative singular)
वलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वलस्य (genitive singular)
वलयोः (dual genitive)
वलानाम् (genitive plural)
वले (locative singular)
वलयोः (dual locative)
वलेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”), see also वलय (valaya, “coil”), English well.

name of a demon (brother of Vritra, and conquered by Indra; in later language called बल (bala))


तर्कु

tarkú (romanization)
तर्कुः (nominative singular)
तर्कू (dual nominative)
तर्कवः (nominative plural)
तर्को (singular vocative)
तर्कू (dual vocative)
तर्कवः (plural vocative)
तर्कुम् (accusative singular)
तर्कू (accusative dual)
तर्कून् (accusative plural)
तर्कुणा (instrumental singular)
तर्क्वा1 (instrumental singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तर्कुभिः (instrumental plural)
तर्कवे (dative singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (dative dual)
तर्कुभ्यः (dative plural)
तर्कोः (ablative singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तर्कुभ्यः (ablative plural)
तर्कोः (genitive singular)
तर्क्वोः (dual genitive)
तर्कूणाम् (genitive plural)
तर्कौ (locative singular)
तर्क्वोः (dual locative)
तर्कुषु (locative plural)
तर्कु (nominative singular)
तर्कुणी (dual nominative)
तर्कूणि (nominative plural)
तर्कु1 (nominative plural)
तर्कू1 (nominative plural)
तर्कु (singular vocative)
तर्को (singular vocative)
तर्कुणी (dual vocative)
तर्कूणि (plural vocative)
तर्कु1 (plural vocative)
तर्कू1 (plural vocative)
तर्कु (accusative singular)
तर्कुणी (accusative dual)
तर्कूणि (accusative plural)
तर्कु1 (accusative plural)
तर्कू1 (accusative plural)
तर्कुणा (instrumental singular)
तर्क्वा1 (instrumental singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तर्कुभिः (instrumental plural)
तर्कुणे (dative singular)
तर्कवे1 (dative singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (dative dual)
तर्कुभ्यः (dative plural)
तर्कुणः (ablative singular)
तर्कोः1 (ablative singular)
तर्कुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तर्कुभ्यः (ablative plural)
तर्कुणः (genitive singular)
तर्कोः1 (genitive singular)
तर्कुणोः (dual genitive)
तर्कूणाम् (genitive plural)
तर्कुणि (locative singular)
तर्कौ1 (locative singular)
तर्कुणोः (dual locative)
तर्कुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tarkúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tarkúš, from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”), whence also Sanskrit तर्क (tarká, “conjecture”), निष्टर्क्य (niṣ-ṭarkyá, “what can be unscrewed”) and probably verbal root तर्कयति (tarkáyati, “to conjecture, guess, speculate about”). Cognate with Latin torqueō, Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tarúzi), Old Church Slavonic тракъ (trakŭ). Per Lubotsky, Ancient Greek ἄτρακτος (átraktos) cannot be related because of -κ- (-k-) and the initial ἀ (a).


तोय

tóya (romanization)
तोयम् (nominative singular)
तोये (dual nominative)
तोयानि (nominative plural)
तोया1 (nominative plural)
तोय (singular vocative)
तोये (dual vocative)
तोयानि (plural vocative)
तोया1 (plural vocative)
तोयम् (accusative singular)
तोये (accusative dual)
तोयानि (accusative plural)
तोया1 (accusative plural)
तोयेन (instrumental singular)
तोयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तोयैः (instrumental plural)
तोयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तोयाय (dative singular)
तोयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तोयेभ्यः (dative plural)
तोयात् (ablative singular)
तोयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तोयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तोयस्य (genitive singular)
तोययोः (dual genitive)
तोयानाम् (genitive plural)
तोये (locative singular)
तोययोः (dual locative)
तोयेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: toya
> Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦪ (toya) (inherited)
→ Musi: (bebaso) toya
→ Balinese: ᬢᭀᬬ (toya)

→ Telugu: తోయము (tōyamu)

Tulu: ತೋಯ (tōya)

Possibly ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-t(w)əj-n ~ m-ti-s, likely through a Dravidian intermediary.

तोयम्-√कृ ― toyam-√kṛ ― to make offerings of water to the dead (+ genitive)


तोयकण

toya-kaṇa (romanization)
तोयकणः (nominative singular)
तोयकणौ (dual nominative)
तोयकणाः (nominative plural)
तोयकण (singular vocative)
तोयकणौ (dual vocative)
तोयकणाः (plural vocative)
तोयकणम् (accusative singular)
तोयकणौ (accusative dual)
तोयकणान् (accusative plural)
तोयकणेन (instrumental singular)
तोयकणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तोयकणैः (instrumental plural)
तोयकणाय (dative singular)
तोयकणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तोयकणेभ्यः (dative plural)
तोयकणात् (ablative singular)
तोयकणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तोयकणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तोयकणस्य (genitive singular)
तोयकणयोः (dual genitive)
तोयकणानाम् (genitive plural)
तोयकणे (locative singular)
तोयकणयोः (dual locative)
तोयकणेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तोयकण

तोयकणाभ्याम्

तोयकणाभ्याम्

तोयकणाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तोयकणाभ्याम्

तोयकणाभ्याम्

तोयकणाभ्याम्


तमस्

támas (romanization)
तमः (nominative singular)
तमसी (dual nominative)
तमांसि (nominative plural)
तमः (singular vocative)
तमसी (dual vocative)
तमांसि (plural vocative)
तमः (accusative singular)
तमसी (accusative dual)
तमांसि (accusative plural)
तमसा (instrumental singular)
तमोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तमोभिः (instrumental plural)
तमसे (dative singular)
तमोभ्याम् (dative dual)
तमोभ्यः (dative plural)
तमसः (ablative singular)
तमोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तमोभ्यः (ablative plural)
तमसः (genitive singular)
तमसोः (dual genitive)
तमसाम् (genitive plural)
तमसि (locative singular)
तमसोः (dual locative)
तमःसु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)

Marathi: तंव (tauva)

Pali: tamo

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *temH-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *témHos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas
Sanskrit तमस् (tamas)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”),
Lithuanian tamsà (“darkness”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).

etymon

अ॒ग्निर्जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒ घ्नन्दस्यू॒ञ्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।
अवि॑न्द॒द्गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥
agnírjātó arocata ghnándásyūñjyótiṣā támaḥ.

Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:
He found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.

the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell

the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu

mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error

tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)


तनु

tanu (romanization)
तनुः (nominative singular)
तनू (dual nominative)
तनवः (nominative plural)
तनो (singular vocative)
तनू (dual vocative)
तनवः (plural vocative)
तनुम् (accusative singular)
तनू (accusative dual)
तनूः (accusative plural)
तन्वा (instrumental singular)
तनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनुभिः (instrumental plural)
तनवे (dative singular)
तन्वै1 (dative singular)
तनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनुभ्यः (dative plural)
तनोः (ablative singular)
तन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
तन्वै2 (ablative singular)
तनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
तनोः (genitive singular)
तन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
तन्वै2 (genitive singular)
तन्वोः (dual genitive)
तनूनाम् (genitive plural)
तनौ (locative singular)
तन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
तन्वोः (dual locative)
तनुषु (locative plural)
तनुः (nominative singular)
तनू (dual nominative)
तनवः (nominative plural)
तनो (singular vocative)
तनू (dual vocative)
तनवः (plural vocative)
तनुम् (accusative singular)
तनू (accusative dual)
तनून् (accusative plural)
तनुना (instrumental singular)
तन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
तनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तनुभिः (instrumental plural)
तनवे (dative singular)
तन्वे1 (dative singular)
तनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
तनुभ्यः (dative plural)
तनोः (ablative singular)
तन्वः1 (ablative singular)
तनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
तनोः (genitive singular)
तन्वः1 (genitive singular)
तन्वोः (dual genitive)
तनूनाम् (genitive plural)
तनौ (locative singular)
तन्वोः (dual locative)
तनुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: تۆنُ (tonu)

Pali: tanu

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡𑀼 (taṇu), 𑀢𑀡𑀼𑀅 (taṇua)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তনূ (tonu)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: तणुवाँ (taṇuwā̃)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތުނި (tuni)

Sinhalese: තුනු (tunu)

→ Hindustani: tanu, tan

Hindi: तनु, तन

Urdu: تَنُ (tanu), تَن (tan)

→ Kannada: ತನು (tanu)

→ Marathi: तनु (tanu) (learned)

→ Odia: ତନୁ (tanu) (learned), Odia: ତନୁଃ (tanuḥ)

→ Tamil: தனு (taṉu)

→ Telugu: తనువు (tanuvu)

Variant of तनू (tanū́), from Proto-Indo-European *tenuh₂- (“body”).

दुष्टनु (duṣ-ṭanu)

प्रियतनु (priyá-tanu)

स्वका तनु (svakā tanu)

इयं तनुर् मम (iyaṃ tanur mama)

tanuṃ-√tyaj or tanuṃ-√hā

(at the end of a compound) the body, person, self

तनुगृह तनुगृह#Sanskrit

Desmodium gangeticum
Desmodium gangeticum#Translingual


तपस्

tápas (romanization)
तप् (root)
तपः (nominative singular)
तपसी (dual nominative)
तपांसि (nominative plural)
तपः (singular vocative)
तपसी (dual vocative)
तपांसि (plural vocative)
तपः (accusative singular)
तपसी (accusative dual)
तपांसि (accusative plural)
तपसा (instrumental singular)
तपोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तपोभिः (instrumental plural)
तपसे (dative singular)
तपोभ्याम् (dative dual)
तपोभ्यः (dative plural)
तपसः (ablative singular)
तपोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तपोभ्यः (ablative plural)
तपसः (genitive singular)
तपसोः (dual genitive)
तपसाम् (genitive plural)
तपसि (locative singular)
तपसोः (dual locative)
तपःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tápas (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tépos, from *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Cognate with Persian تب (tab, “fever”), Latin tepeō. Equivalent to तप् (tap) + -अस् (-as).

religious austerity, bodily mortification, penance, severe meditation, special observance

name of a month intervening between winter and spring

name of the 9th lunar mansion (धर्म (dharma))


तित्तिर

tittirá (romanization)
तित्तिरः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरौ (dual nominative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual nominative)
तित्तिराः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरासः1 (nominative plural)
तित्तिर (singular vocative)
तित्तिरौ (dual vocative)
तित्तिरा1 (dual vocative)
तित्तिराः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरासः1 (plural vocative)
तित्तिरम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरौ (accusative dual)
तित्तिरा1 (accusative dual)
तित्तिरान् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरेण (instrumental singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरैः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तित्तिराय (dative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरात् (ablative singular)
तित्तिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरस्य (genitive singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual genitive)
तित्तिराणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरे (locative singular)
तित्तिरयोः (dual locative)
तित्तिरेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Bhojpuri: तीतर (tītar)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তিতৰ (titor), তিতৌ (titou)

Bengali: তিতির (titir), টিটির (ṭiṭir)

Sylheti: ꠔꠤꠔꠞ (titor)

Maharastri Prakrit:

desc

Old Marathi: तीतीर (tītīra), तीतुर (tītura)

Marathi: तितर (titar)

Pali: tittira

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀭 (tittira)

Gujarati: તીતર (tītar)

Hindi: तीतर (tītar)

Nepali: तितर (titar)

Punjabi: ਤਿੱਤਰ (tittar)

From Proto-Indo-European *teter (“grouse”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τετράων (tetráōn), Latin turtur, Old Armenian տատրակ (tatrak).


तित्तिरि

tittíri (romanization)
तित्तिरिः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरी (dual nominative)
तित्तिरयः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरे (singular vocative)
तित्तिरी (dual vocative)
तित्तिरयः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरिम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरी (accusative dual)
तित्तिरीन् (accusative plural)
तित्तिरिणा (instrumental singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिरये (dative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिरेः (ablative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिरेः (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual genitive)
तित्तिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिरौ (locative singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual locative)
तित्तिरिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of तित्तिरि

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिरीणाम्

तैत्तिरीय तैत्तिरीय#Sanskrit

the school of the तैत्तिरीय (Taittirīya)

यास्क यास्क#Sanskrit

तैत्तिरीय तैत्तिरीय#Sanskrit

name of a pupil of यास्क (Yāska) (first teacher of the तैत्तिरीय (Taittirīya) school of the black YV.)


तित्तिरि

tittíri (romanization)
तित्तिरिः (nominative singular)
तित्तिरी (dual nominative)
तित्तिरयः (nominative plural)
तित्तिरे (singular vocative)
तित्तिरी (dual vocative)
तित्तिरयः (plural vocative)
तित्तिरिम् (accusative singular)
तित्तिरी (accusative dual)
तित्तिरीः (accusative plural)
तित्तिर्या (instrumental singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तित्तिरिभिः (instrumental plural)
तित्तिर्यै (dative singular)
तित्तिरये (dative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (dative plural)
तित्तिर्याः (ablative singular)
तित्तिरेः (ablative singular)
तित्तिरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तित्तिरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
तित्तिर्याः (genitive singular)
तित्तिरेः (genitive singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual genitive)
तित्तिरीणाम् (genitive plural)
तित्तिर्याम् (locative singular)
तित्तिरौ (locative singular)
तित्तिर्योः (dual locative)
तित्तिरिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of तित्तिरि

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिर्यै / तित्तिरये

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिर्याः / तित्तिरेः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिर्याः / तित्तिरेः

तित्तिरीणाम्

तित्तिर्याम् / तित्तिरौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

तित्तिर्याः / तित्तिरेः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिर्यै / तित्तिरये

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिर्याः / तित्तिरेः

तित्तिरिभ्याम्

तित्तिरिभ्यः

तित्तिर्याः / तित्तिरेः

तित्तिरीणाम्

तित्तिर्याम् / तित्तिरौ


तल्प

tálpa (romanization)
तल्पः (nominative singular)
तल्पौ (dual nominative)
तल्पाः (nominative plural)
तल्प (singular vocative)
तल्पौ (dual vocative)
तल्पाः (plural vocative)
तल्पम् (accusative singular)
तल्पौ (accusative dual)
तल्पान् (accusative plural)
तल्पेन (instrumental singular)
तल्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तल्पैः (instrumental plural)
तल्पाय (dative singular)
तल्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तल्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
तल्पात् (ablative singular)
तल्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तल्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तल्पस्य (genitive singular)
तल्पयोः (dual genitive)
तल्पानाम् (genitive plural)
तल्पे (locative singular)
तल्पयोः (dual locative)
तल्पेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of तल्प

Telugu: తల్పము (talpamu)

an upper story, room on the top of a house, turret


धूम

dhūmá (romanization)
धूमः (nominative singular)
धूमौ (dual nominative)
धूमा1 (dual nominative)
धूमाः (nominative plural)
धूमासः1 (nominative plural)
धूम (singular vocative)
धूमौ (dual vocative)
धूमा1 (dual vocative)
धूमाः (plural vocative)
धूमासः1 (plural vocative)
धूमम् (accusative singular)
धूमौ (accusative dual)
धूमा1 (accusative dual)
धूमान् (accusative plural)
धूमेन (instrumental singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूमैः (instrumental plural)
धूमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धूमाय (dative singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूमेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूमात् (ablative singular)
धूमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूमस्य (genitive singular)
धूमयोः (dual genitive)
धूमानाम् (genitive plural)
धूमे (locative singular)
धूमयोः (dual locative)
धूमेषु (locative plural)

Pali: dhūma

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (dum)

Domaaki: [script needed] (dūm)

Kalami: [script needed] (dum)

Grangali: [script needed] (dum)

Kalasha: thum (thum)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (dūm)

desc

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhūm)

Shina: [script needed] (dum)

Shumashti: [script needed] (dūm)

Tirahi: [script needed] (dhung)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dum)

Kashmiri: دٕہ (dụh)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀥𑀽𑀫 (dhūma)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Hindustani: dhūā̃
Hindi: धूआँ
Urdu: دُھواں
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: ধোঁৱা (dhü̃a)
Bengali: ধোঁয়া (dhō̃ẇa)
Sylheti: ꠗꠥꠝꠣ (dúma)
Bihari:
Angika: dhūā̃
Devanagari script: धूआँ
Kaithi script: 𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀
Magahi: dhūā̃
Devanagari script: धूआँ
Kaithi script: 𑂡𑂴𑂄𑂀
Maithili: dhuā̃
Devanagari script: धुआँ
Tirhuta script: 𑒡𑒳𑒂𑒿
Odia: ଧୂଆଁ (dhuā̃)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: ދުން (dun̊)
Sinhalese: දුම (duma)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: धुवाँ (dhuvā̃)
Kumaoni: धूवाँ
Nepali: धुवाँ (dhuwā̃)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Punjabi: dhū̃ā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਧੂੰਆਂ
Shahmukhi script: دُھواں
Western Indo-Aryan:
Gujarati: ધૂમ (dhūm)
Romani: thuv

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás
Sanskrit धूम (dhūma)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰuHmás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmás (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Latin fūmus, Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).

etymon

श॒क॒मयं॑ धू॒मम्आ॒राद॑पश्यं विषू॒वता॑ प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण।
उ॒क्षाणं॒ पृश्नि॑मपचन्त वी॒रास्तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्या॑सन्॥
śakamáyaṃ dhūmámārā́dapaśyaṃ viṣūvátā pará enā́vareṇa.

I saw from far away the smoke of fuel with spires that rose on high over that beneath it.
The Mighty Men have dressed the spotted bullock. These were the customs in the days aforetime

ukṣā́ṇaṃ pṛ́śnimapacanta vīrā́stā́ni dhármāṇi prathamā́nyāsan.

अनेन पञ्चवटी दर्शनेन अन्तर्लीनस्य दुःखाग्नेर् अद्योद्दामं ज्वलिष्यतः।
उत्पीड इव धूमस्य मोहः प्रागावृनोति माम्॥
anena pañcavaṭī darśanena antarlīnasya duḥkhāgner adyoddāmaṃ jvaliṣyataḥ.

600 CE, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III

The sight of Panchavati rekindles now the fire of sorrow that had long been dormant in my heart but first, like a dense pall of smoke, a delirium envelops me.

utpīḍa iva dhūmasya mohaḥ prāgāvṛnoti mām.

smoke as a sternutatory (in 5 forms): a place prepared for the building of a house (Jyot.)


शश

śaśá (romanization)
शशः (nominative singular)
शशौ (dual nominative)
शशा1 (dual nominative)
शशाः (nominative plural)
शशासः1 (nominative plural)
शश (singular vocative)
शशौ (dual vocative)
शशा1 (dual vocative)
शशाः (plural vocative)
शशासः1 (plural vocative)
शशम् (accusative singular)
शशौ (accusative dual)
शशा1 (accusative dual)
शशान् (accusative plural)
शशेन (instrumental singular)
शशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शशैः (instrumental plural)
शशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शशाय (dative singular)
शशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शशेभ्यः (dative plural)
शशात् (ablative singular)
शशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शशस्य (genitive singular)
शशयोः (dual genitive)
शशानाम् (genitive plural)
शशे (locative singular)
शशयोः (dual locative)
शशेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sasa

Prakrit:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: শহা (xoha)

Bengali: শশা (śośa)

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Sinhalese: සාවා (sāwā), සහාවා (sahāwā), ශශයා (śaśayā), සැසයා (sæsayā), හාවෝ (hāwō)?

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)

Old Marathi: ससा (sasā)

Marathi: ससा (sasā)

Konkani: सोंसो (souso)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲 (sasa)

Gujarati: સસલું (saslũ)

Hindi: सस (sas)

Punjabi: ਸਹਾ (sahā), ਸਹਿਆ (sahiā)

Romani: śośoj

→ Tamil: சசம் (cacam)

From earlier *शस (śasa) (by assimilation of the second sibilant to the first), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćasás (“hare”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (“grey, hare”). Cognate with English hare, Old Prussian sasnis (“hare”), Pashto سوی (soe, “hare”), Welsh ceinach (“hare, rabbit”), and Latin cānus (“white”).

der

lunar maria (which are thought to resemble a hare or rabbit)

name of a man born under a particular constellation

वृषन् वृषन्#Sanskrit

a man of mild character and easily led (one of the four classes into which men are divided by erotic writers, the other three being अश्व (aśva), मृग (mṛga) and वृषन् (vṛṣan))

लोध्र लोध्र#Sanskrit

the लोध्र (lodhra) tree, Symplocos racemosa

जम्बुद्वीप जम्बुद्वीप#Sanskrit

name of a part of जम्बुद्वीप (Jambu-dvīpa)


शारि

शारि ॑ (canonical)
śā́ri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीः (accusative plural)
शार्या (instrumental singular)
शारी1 (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शार्यै2 (dative singular)
शारी1 (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शार्याः2 (ablative singular)
शार्यै3 (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्याः2 (genitive singular)
शार्यै3 (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीणाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शार्याम्2 (locative singular)
शारा1 (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀓𑀸 (sālikā)
Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀻 (sārī), 𑀲𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀆 (sāriā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀻 (sālahī), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀳𑀺𑀆 (sālahiā), 𑀲𑀸𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀺𑀆 (sālakkiā) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: sālikā, sāḷikā, sāliya

Unknown. Undoubtedly related to Classical Persian سَار (sār), سَارِی (sārī, “starling”), Old Armenian սարեակ (sareak, “starling”). More speculatively, compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ (“magpie”), Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), Latin corvus (“raven”); if all related, this may be a Wanderwort.

etymon

शारि॑

cog

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)


शारि

Unknown; probably unrelated to the above term. Compare श॒र (śará, “reed”), शरु॑ (śáru, “missile”), शर्य॑ (śárya, “arrow”), all attested in the Ṛgveda. Some sources instead lemmatise the word as शारी॑ (śā́rī).

याभि॑र्नरा श॒यवे॒ याभि॒रत्र॑ये॒ याभिः॑ पु॒रा मन॑वे गा॒तुमी॒षथुः॑ ।
याभिः॒ शारी॒राज॑तं॒ स्यूम॑रश्मये॒ ताभि॑रू॒ षु ऊ॒तिभि॑रश्वि॒ना ग॑तम ॥
yā́bhirnarā śayáve yā́bhirátraye yā́bhiḥ purā́ mánave gātúmīṣáthuḥ.
yā́bhiḥ śā́rīrā́jataṃ syū́maraśmaye tā́bhirū ṣú ūtíbhiraśvinā́ gatama.
1890 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith

Wherewith, O Heroes, ye vouchsafed deliverance to Ṣayu, Atri, and to Manu long ago; Wherewith ye shot your shafts in Syûmaraṣmi's cause.-Come hither unto us, O Aṣvins, with those aids.

(Ṛgvedic hapax) arrow (projectile shot with a bow)


शारि

śāri (romanization)
शारिः (nominative singular)
शारी (dual nominative)
शारयः (nominative plural)
शारे (singular vocative)
शारी (dual vocative)
शारयः (plural vocative)
शारिम् (accusative singular)
शारी (accusative dual)
शारीन् (accusative plural)
शारिणा (instrumental singular)
शार्या1 (instrumental singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शारिभिः (instrumental plural)
शारये (dative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शारिभ्यः (dative plural)
शारेः (ablative singular)
शार्यः1 (ablative singular)
शारिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शारिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शारेः (genitive singular)
शार्यः1 (genitive singular)
शार्योः (dual genitive)
शारीणाम् (genitive plural)
शारौ (locative singular)
शारा1 (locative singular)
शार्योः (dual locative)
शारिषु (locative plural)

Unknown. Similar polysemy to गुटिका (guṭikā).

(chess) chessman, piece at chess (or at a kind of draughts)

a kind of die or small cube used in games with dice


शुप्ति

śúpti (romanization)
शुप्तिः (nominative singular)
शुप्ती (dual nominative)
शुप्तयः (nominative plural)
शुप्ते (singular vocative)
शुप्ती (dual vocative)
शुप्तयः (plural vocative)
शुप्तिम् (accusative singular)
शुप्ती (accusative dual)
शुप्तीः (accusative plural)
शुप्त्या (instrumental singular)
शुप्ती1 (instrumental singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुप्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
शुप्तये (dative singular)
शुप्त्यै2 (dative singular)
शुप्ती1 (dative singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुप्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
शुप्तेः (ablative singular)
शुप्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
शुप्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
शुप्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुप्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुप्तेः (genitive singular)
शुप्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
शुप्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
शुप्त्योः (dual genitive)
शुप्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
शुप्तौ (locative singular)
शुप्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
शुप्ता1 (locative singular)
शुप्त्योः (dual locative)
शुप्तिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćúptiš, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱúp-ti-s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬞𐬙𐬌 (supti).


श्रोणि

śróṇi (romanization)
श्रोणिः (nominative singular)
श्रोणी (dual nominative)
श्रोणयः (nominative plural)
श्रोणे (singular vocative)
श्रोणी (dual vocative)
श्रोणयः (plural vocative)
श्रोणिम् (accusative singular)
श्रोणी (accusative dual)
श्रोणीः (accusative plural)
श्रोण्या (instrumental singular)
श्रोणी1 (instrumental singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रोणिभिः (instrumental plural)
श्रोणये (dative singular)
श्रोण्यै2 (dative singular)
श्रोणी1 (dative singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रोणिभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रोणेः (ablative singular)
श्रोण्याः2 (ablative singular)
श्रोण्यै3 (ablative singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रोणिभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रोणेः (genitive singular)
श्रोण्याः2 (genitive singular)
श्रोण्यै3 (genitive singular)
श्रोण्योः (dual genitive)
श्रोणीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्रोणौ (locative singular)
श्रोण्याम्2 (locative singular)
श्रोणा1 (locative singular)
श्रोण्योः (dual locative)
श्रोणिषु (locative plural)
श्रोणिः (nominative singular)
श्रोणी (dual nominative)
श्रोणयः (nominative plural)
श्रोणे (singular vocative)
श्रोणी (dual vocative)
श्रोणयः (plural vocative)
श्रोणिम् (accusative singular)
श्रोणी (accusative dual)
श्रोणीन् (accusative plural)
श्रोणिना (instrumental singular)
श्रोण्या1 (instrumental singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रोणिभिः (instrumental plural)
श्रोणये (dative singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रोणिभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रोणेः (ablative singular)
श्रोण्यः1 (ablative singular)
श्रोणिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रोणिभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रोणेः (genitive singular)
श्रोण्यः1 (genitive singular)
श्रोण्योः (dual genitive)
श्रोणीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्रोणौ (locative singular)
श्रोणा1 (locative singular)
श्रोण्योः (dual locative)
श्रोणिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: شرون (šron)

Pali: soṇī

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑁄𑀡𑀺 (soṇi)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: හිණ (hiṇa)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śráwniṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćráwniš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlównis. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬌 (sraoni), Latin clūnis.

the thighs or sides of the वेदि (vedi) or of any square