ग्रह

gráha (romanization)
ग्रहः (nominative singular)
ग्रहौ (dual nominative)
ग्रहा1 (dual nominative)
ग्रहाः (nominative plural)
ग्रहासः1 (nominative plural)
ग्रह (singular vocative)
ग्रहौ (dual vocative)
ग्रहा1 (dual vocative)
ग्रहाः (plural vocative)
ग्रहासः1 (plural vocative)
ग्रहम् (accusative singular)
ग्रहौ (accusative dual)
ग्रहा1 (accusative dual)
ग्रहान् (accusative plural)
ग्रहेण (instrumental singular)
ग्रहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्रहैः (instrumental plural)
ग्रहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ग्रहाय (dative singular)
ग्रहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्रहेभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्रहात् (ablative singular)
ग्रहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्रहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्रहस्य (genitive singular)
ग्रहयोः (dual genitive)
ग्रहाणाम् (genitive plural)
ग्रहे (locative singular)
ग्रहयोः (dual locative)
ग्रहेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: গ্রহ (groho)

→ Burmese: ဂြိုဟ် (gruih)

→ Hindi: ग्रह (grah)

desc

→ Indonesian: graha (“crocodile, catch”)

→ Kannada: ಗ್ರಹ (graha)

→ Khmer: គ្រោះ (krŭəh)

→ Malayalam: ഗ്രഹം (grahaṁ)

→ Marathi: ग्रह (graha)

→ Mon: ဂြိုဟ် (krɜ̀h)

→ Mon: ဂြိုဟ် (krɜ̀h)

→ Nepali: ग्रह (graha)

→ Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਹਿ (grahi)

→ Sindhi: ग्रहु (grahu)

→ Sinhalese: ග්රහ (graha)

→ Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam)

→ Telugu: గ్రహము (grahamu), గ్రహం (grahaṁ)

→ Thai: เคราะห์ (krɔ́)

→ Thai: เคราะห์ (krɔ́)

→ Urdu: گرہ (grah)


ताम्र

tāmrá (romanization)
ताम्रम् (nominative singular)
ताम्रे (dual nominative)
ताम्राणि (nominative plural)
ताम्रा1 (nominative plural)
ताम्र (singular vocative)
ताम्रे (dual vocative)
ताम्राणि (plural vocative)
ताम्रा1 (plural vocative)
ताम्रम् (accusative singular)
ताम्रे (accusative dual)
ताम्राणि (accusative plural)
ताम्रा1 (accusative plural)
ताम्रेण (instrumental singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्रैः (instrumental plural)
ताम्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ताम्राय (dative singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्रात् (ablative singular)
ताम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्रस्य (genitive singular)
ताम्रयोः (dual genitive)
ताम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्रे (locative singular)
ताम्रयोः (dual locative)
ताम्रेषु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

Fiji Hindi: tamba

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: තඹ (taᵐba)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: তাম (tam)

Bengali: তামা (tama)

→ Atong (India): tama

Hajong: তামা

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

Marathi: तांबे (tāmbe)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩 (taṃba)

Saurashtra: ꢡꢪ꣄ꢨꢾ (tambe)

Sindhi: ٽامو, टामो

Sindhi: ٽامو, टामो

Gujarati: તાંબું (tā̃bũ)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ताँबा (tāmbā)

Urdu: تانبا

Punjabi: ਤਾਂਬਾ (tāmbā)

→ Hindi: ताम्र (tāmra)

→ Kannada: ತಾಮ್ರ (tāmra)

→ Malayalam: താമ്ര (tāmra), താമ്രം (tāmraṁ)

→ Tulu: താംബ്ര (tāmbra)

→ Sindhi: टामो

→ Tamil: தாமிரம் (tāmiram)

→ Telugu: తామ్రము (tāmramu)

⇒ Sanskrit: ताम्रक (tāmraka)

→ Javanese: tembaga

→ Malay: tembaga

→ Indonesian: tembaga

→ Dutch: tombak

→ Danish: tombak

→ German: Tombak

→ English: tombak, tombac

→ French: tombac

→ Italian: tombacco

→ Pashto: ټومباک

→ Pashto: ټومباک

→ Portuguese: tambaque, tambaca

→ Russian: томпа́к (tompák)

→ Spanish: tumbaga

→ English: tumbaga

Related to तमस् (tamas, “gloom, darkness, obscurity”), as copper is a dark-colored metal, perhaps via a Proto-Indo-European form *tm̥H-ró-, with the long ā vowel perhaps stemming from analogical influence of forms in तम् (tam).


भाषा

bhāṣā (romanization)
भाषा (nominative singular)
भाषे (dual nominative)
भाषाः (nominative plural)
भाषे (singular vocative)
भाषे (dual vocative)
भाषाः (plural vocative)
भाषाम् (accusative singular)
भाषे (accusative dual)
भाषाः (accusative plural)
भाषया (instrumental singular)
भाषा1 (instrumental singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भाषाभिः (instrumental plural)
भाषायै (dative singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भाषाभ्यः (dative plural)
भाषायाः (ablative singular)
भाषायै2 (ablative singular)
भाषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भाषाभ्यः (ablative plural)
भाषायाः (genitive singular)
भाषायै2 (genitive singular)
भाषयोः (dual genitive)
भाषाणाम् (genitive plural)
भाषायाम् (locative singular)
भाषयोः (dual locative)
भाषासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (bâṣa, “language”)

Shina: بݜ (baṣ)

→ Domaaki: [script needed] (bāṣ)

desctree

Pali: bhāsā
→ Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (bhāṣa)
→ Burmese: ဘာသာ (bhasa)
→ Indonesian: bahasa
→ Isan: ภาษา (páa-sǎa)
→ Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa)
→ Khmer: ភាសា (phiəsaa)
→ Khün: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
→ Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
→ Lao: ພາສາ (phā sā)
→ Lü: ᦘᦱᦉᦱ (phaaṡaa)
→ Mon: ဘာသာ (pʰesa)
→ Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩇᩣ (bhasa)
→ Shan: ၽႃႇသႃႇ (phàa sàa)
→ Thai: ภาษา (paa-sǎa)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 (bhāsā)

Eastern:

Bengali: ভাস (bhaś)

Bihari:

Maithili: भास (bhās)

Chakma: 𑄞𑄌𑄴 (bhāc)

Northern:

Garhwali: भाख (bhākh)

Kumaoni: भाश

Nepali: भास (bhās)

Insular:

Dhivehi: ބަސް (bas, “language”)

Sinhalese: බහ (baha, “word, saying”)

Southern:

Konkani: भास (bhās)

Central:

Chhattisgarhi: भाखा (bhākhā)

→ Acehnese: بَهْسَا (bahsa)

→ Assamese: ভাষা (bhaxa)

→ Banjarese: بَهَاسَ (bahasa)

→ Bengali: ভাষা (bhaśa)

→ Betawi: bahasa

→ Buginese: ᨅᨔ (basa)

→ Cia-Cia: bahasa / 바하사 (bahasa)

→ Dogri: bhāśā

Devanagari script: भाशा

Dogra script: 𑠡𑠬𑠧𑠬

→ Fiji Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā), bhasa

→ Gujarati: ભાષા (bhāṣā)

→ Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Ilocano: basa

→ Kachchi: ભાષા (bhāṣā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe)

→ Madurese: بَهاسَ (basa)

→ Maguindanao: bahasah

→ Makasar: ᨅᨔ (basa)

→ Malay: bahasa (بهاس)
Indonesian: bahasa
→ Cia-Cia: bahasa
→ Dutch: bahasa
→ English: Bahasa (along with Malay bahasa)
→ English: Bahasa (along with Indonesian bahasa)
Pattani Malay: بهاس (bahasa)

desc

→ Malayalam: ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), പാഴ (pāḻa) — tadbhava

→ Marathi: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Maranao: basa

→ Minangkabau: بَاسو (baso)

→ Nepali: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Newar: भाषा (bhāṣā)

→ Northern Khmer: พซา

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhāṣa
> Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (basa)

→ Odia: ଭାଷା (bhāshā)

→ Punjabi: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)

→ Sinhalese: භාෂාව (bhāṣāwa)

→ Sundanese: ᮘᮞ (basa)

desc

→ Tamil: பாசை (pācai), பாடை (pāṭai) — nonstandard, rare, archaic, பாஷா (pāṣā), பாஷை (pāṣai) — tatsama

→ Tausug: bahasa

→ Telugu: భాష (bhāṣa)

→ Tulu: ಬಾಸೆ (bāse), ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), ಭಾಶೆ (bhāśe), ಬಾಶೆ (bāśe)

→ Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)

→ Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)

→ Yakan: bahasa

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: [script needed] (bāṣ, “word”)

From the root भाष् (bhāṣ, “to speak”); further origin uncertain. Theories include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-s- (“to sound”), compare Lithuanian balsas (“voice”) and Latvian balss (“voice”). The retroflexion is in this case due to Fortunatov's law.
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), compare Latin fās (“divine law”). The retroflex ṣ could either be onomatopoeic or to avoid homonymy with root भास् (bhās, “to shine”) (compare originally fully homonymous English flower and flour or German küssen and Kissen).

der

speech, language (especially common, vernacular or vulgar speech, as opposed to Vedic or in later times to Sanskrit, as the refined speech)

माहाराष्ट्री माहाराष्ट्री#Sanskrit

शौरसेनी शौरसेनी#Sanskrit

मागधी मागधी#Sanskrit

प्राच्या प्राच्या#Sanskrit

अवन्ति अवन्ति#Sanskrit

पञ्चविधा पञ्चविधा#Sanskrit

any Prakrit dialect or a particular group of 5 of them (namely माहाराष्ट्री (māhārāṣṭrī), शौरसेनी (śaurasenī), मागधी (māgadhī), प्राच्या (prācyā) and अवन्ति (avanti), also called पञ्चविधा (pañcavidhā))

(law) accusation, charge, complaint, plaint

रागिणी रागिणी#Sanskrit


गणपति

gaṇápati (romanization)
गणपतिः (nominative singular)
गणपती (dual nominative)
गणपतयः (nominative plural)
गणपते (singular vocative)
गणपती (dual vocative)
गणपतयः (plural vocative)
गणपतिम् (accusative singular)
गणपती (accusative dual)
गणपतीन् (accusative plural)
गणपतिना (instrumental singular)
गणपत्या1 (instrumental singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणपतिभिः (instrumental plural)
गणपतये (dative singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणपतिभ्यः (dative plural)
गणपतेः (ablative singular)
गणपत्यः1 (ablative singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणपतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणपतेः (genitive singular)
गणपत्यः1 (genitive singular)
गणपत्योः (dual genitive)
गणपतीनाम् (genitive plural)
गणपतौ (locative singular)
गणपता1 (locative singular)
गणपत्योः (dual locative)
गणपतिषु (locative plural)

Compound of गण (gaṇá, “troop”) + पति (páti, “lord”).

com+

ग॒णानां॑ त्वा ग॒णप॑तिं हवामहे क॒विं क॑वी॒नामु॑प॒मश्र॑वस्तमम् ।
ज्ये॒ष्ठ॒राजं॒ ब्रह्म॑णां ब्रह्मणस्पत॒ आ नः॑ शृ॒ण्वन्नू॒तिभिः॑ सीद॒ साद॑नम् ॥
gaṇā́nāṃ tvā gaṇápatiṃ havāmahe kavíṃ kavīnā́mupamáśravastamam.
jyeṣṭharā́jaṃ bráhmaṇāṃ brahmaṇaspata ā́ naḥ śṛṇvánnūtíbhiḥ sīda sā́danam.
We call thee, Lord and Leader of the troops, the wise among the wise, the famousest of all,

The King supreme of prayers, O Brahmaṇaspati: hear us with help; sit down in place of sacrifice.

... नमो॑ ग॒णेभ्यो॑ ग॒णप॑तिभ्यश्च वो॒ नमो॒...

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.4.4

Homage to you, hordes, and to you, lords of hordes, homage!

... námo gaṇébhyo gaṇápatibhyaśca vo námo...


बीज

bī́ja (romanization)
बीजम् (nominative singular)
बीजे (dual nominative)
बीजानि (nominative plural)
बीजा1 (nominative plural)
बीज (singular vocative)
बीजे (dual vocative)
बीजानि (plural vocative)
बीजा1 (plural vocative)
बीजम् (accusative singular)
बीजे (accusative dual)
बीजानि (accusative plural)
बीजा1 (accusative plural)
बीजेन (instrumental singular)
बीजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बीजैः (instrumental plural)
बीजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बीजाय (dative singular)
बीजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बीजेभ्यः (dative plural)
बीजात् (ablative singular)
बीजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बीजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बीजस्य (genitive singular)
बीजयोः (dual genitive)
बीजानाम् (genitive plural)
बीजे (locative singular)
बीजयोः (dual locative)
बीजेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: bi

Khowar: بی (bi)

Shina: बीँ (bī̃)

Torwali: بِژ (biž)

Kashmiri: بیول (byōl)

→ Proto-Nuristani: *bī́ya (see there for further descendants)

Gandhari: 𐨦𐨁𐨩 (biya)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀻𑀅 (bīa) (see there for further descendants)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨧𐨁𐨗𐨹 (bhij́a)

Pali: bīja

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: બી (bī), બીયું (bīyũ)

Hindi: बीआ (bīā), बीया (bīyā)

Nepali: बीउ (bīu)

Punjabi: ਬੀ (bī)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bíHȷ́am (“seed, semen”). Cognate with Sogdian [script needed] (byz'k, “seed, semen”), Parachi bīz (“seed-corn”).

cog

येन तोकाय तनयाय धान्यं बीजं वहध्वे अक्षितम् ।
अस्मभ्यं तद्धत्तन यद्व ईमहे राधो विश्वायु सौभगम् ॥
yena tokāya tanayāya dhānyaṃ bījaṃ vahadhve akṣitam.

Grant to us the bounty, that which we implore, through which, for child and progeny,
Ye give the seed of corn that does not die, and bliss that reaches to all life.

asmabhyaṃ taddhattana yadva īmahe rādho viśvāyu saubhagam.

बीजं मां सर्वभूतानां सनातनम्

The origin I am of all beings, everlasting


देश

deśá (romanization)
देशः (nominative singular)
देशौ (dual nominative)
देशा1 (dual nominative)
देशाः (nominative plural)
देशासः1 (nominative plural)
देश (singular vocative)
देशौ (dual vocative)
देशा1 (dual vocative)
देशाः (plural vocative)
देशासः1 (plural vocative)
देशम् (accusative singular)
देशौ (accusative dual)
देशा1 (accusative dual)
देशान् (accusative plural)
देशेन (instrumental singular)
देशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देशैः (instrumental plural)
देशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देशाय (dative singular)
देशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देशेभ्यः (dative plural)
देशात् (ablative singular)
देशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देशस्य (genitive singular)
देशयोः (dual genitive)
देशानाम् (genitive plural)
देशे (locative singular)
देशयोः (dual locative)
देशेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: দেশ (deś)

Bhojpuri: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)

Domari: des

→ Gujarati: દેશ (deś)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: देश (deś)

Urdu: دیش (deś)

Kalasha: dēš

→ Kannada: ದೇಶ (dēśa), ದೇಸ (dēsa)

→ Khmer: ទេស (teeh)

Magahi: 𑂠𑂵𑂮 (des)

→ Malay: desa

Indonesian: desa

→ Marathi: देश (deś)

Northeast Pashayi: deš

desctree

→ Old Javanese: deśa
Javanese: ꦢꦺꦱ (désa)
→ Balinese: ᬤᬾᬰ (désa)

Pali: desa

Phalura: dēš

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਦੇਸ਼ (deś), ਦੇਸ (des)

Shahmukhi script: دیش (deś), دیس (des)

Rohingya: dec / 𐴊𐴠𐴐𐴢 (dec)

→ Telugu: దేశము (dēśamu)

→ Tamil: தேசம் (tēcam)

→ Malayalam: ദേശം (dēśaṁ)

→ Thai: เทศ (têet)

→ Sylheti: ꠖꠦꠡ (deś)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dayśás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dayćás, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱós (“part, point, country”). The Sanskrit root is दिश् (diś, “to point out; to assign”).

der

point, region, spot, place, part, portion


नृप

nṛ́pa (romanization)
नृपः (nominative singular)
नृपौ (dual nominative)
नृपा1 (dual nominative)
नृपाः (nominative plural)
नृपासः1 (nominative plural)
नृप (singular vocative)
नृपौ (dual vocative)
नृपा1 (dual vocative)
नृपाः (plural vocative)
नृपासः1 (plural vocative)
नृपम् (accusative singular)
नृपौ (accusative dual)
नृपा1 (accusative dual)
नृपान् (accusative plural)
नृपेण (instrumental singular)
नृपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नृपैः (instrumental plural)
नृपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नृपाय (dative singular)
नृपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नृपेभ्यः (dative plural)
नृपात् (ablative singular)
नृपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नृपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नृपस्य (genitive singular)
नृपयोः (dual genitive)
नृपाणाम् (genitive plural)
नृपे (locative singular)
नृपयोः (dual locative)
नृपेषु (locative plural)

→ Malayalam: നൃപൻ (nr̥paṉ)

Compound of नृ (nṛ, “man, person”) + प (pa, “protecting”).


जन

जन॑ (canonical)
jána (romanization)
जनः (nominative singular)
जनौ (dual nominative)
जना1 (dual nominative)
जनाः (nominative plural)
जनासः1 (nominative plural)
जन (singular vocative)
जनौ (dual vocative)
जना1 (dual vocative)
जनाः (plural vocative)
जनासः1 (plural vocative)
जनम् (accusative singular)
जनौ (accusative dual)
जना1 (accusative dual)
जनान् (accusative plural)
जनेन (instrumental singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनैः (instrumental plural)
जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जनाय (dative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
जनात् (ablative singular)
जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनस्य (genitive singular)
जनयोः (dual genitive)
जनानाम् (genitive plural)
जने (locative singular)
जनयोः (dual locative)
जनेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀦 (jana)
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀡 (jaṇa)
Apabhramsa: जण (jaṇa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Khmer: ជន (cŭən)

→ Telugu: జనుడు (januḍu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas
Sanskrit जन॑ (jána)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ánHas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónh₁os. Cognate with Old Persian 𐏀𐎴 (zana, “man; tribe”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬬𐬋𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀 (srvōzana, “belonging to the race of the horned ones”), Ancient Greek γόνος (gónos, “creation”), French gens (“set of people”).

etymon

जन॑

cog

ते जनाः किं वदन्ति?


मत्स्य

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian ماهی (mâhi).

अपि त्वम् मत्स्यं खादितुम् इच्छसि?

पुरोळा इत्तुर्वशो यक्षुरासीद्राये मत्स्यासो निशिता अपीव ।
puroḷā́ ítturváśo yákṣurāsīdrāyé mátsyāso níśitā ápīva

Eager for spoil was Turvaśa Purodas, fain to win wealth, like fishes urged by hunger.

(Hinduism) the first of ten avatars of the god Vishnu who appeared in the form of a fish


दिव्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dyew-, see further द्यु (dyu).


तद्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sá, *sáH, *tád, from Proto-Indo-European *só, *séh₂, *tód. Cognate with Old English sē, sēo, þæt (whence English the, that), Ancient Greek ὁ (ho), ἡ (hē), τό (tó), and Old Church Slavonic тъ (tŭ), та (ta), то (to).

ब्रह्म ब्रह्म#Sanskrit

तत्त्व तत्त्व#Sanskrit


काव्य

kāvyá (romanization)
काव्यम् (nominative singular)
काव्ये (dual nominative)
काव्यानि (nominative plural)
काव्या1 (nominative plural)
काव्य (singular vocative)
काव्ये (dual vocative)
काव्यानि (plural vocative)
काव्या1 (plural vocative)
काव्यम् (accusative singular)
काव्ये (accusative dual)
काव्यानि (accusative plural)
काव्या1 (accusative plural)
काव्येन (instrumental singular)
काव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काव्यैः (instrumental plural)
काव्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काव्याय (dative singular)
काव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
काव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
काव्यात् (ablative singular)
काव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
काव्यस्य (genitive singular)
काव्ययोः (dual genitive)
काव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
काव्ये (locative singular)
काव्ययोः (dual locative)
काव्येषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: ကဗျာ (ka.bya)

→ Khmer: កាព្យ (kaap)

→ Lao: ກາບ (kāp)

→ Mon: ကဗျ

Odia: କାବ୍ୟ (kābya)

→ Telugu: కావ్యము (kāvyamu)

→ Thai: กาพย์ (gàap)

Vrddhi derivative of कवि (kaví) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

wisdom, intelligence, prophetic inspiration, high power and art (often in plural)


अश्व

áśva (romanization)
अश्वः (nominative singular)
अश्वौ (dual nominative)
अश्वा1 (dual nominative)
अश्वाः (nominative plural)
अश्वासः1 (nominative plural)
अश्व (singular vocative)
अश्वौ (dual vocative)
अश्वा1 (dual vocative)
अश्वाः (plural vocative)
अश्वासः1 (plural vocative)
अश्वम् (accusative singular)
अश्वौ (accusative dual)
अश्वा1 (accusative dual)
अश्वान् (accusative plural)
अश्वेन (instrumental singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्वैः (instrumental plural)
अश्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अश्वाय (dative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्वात् (ablative singular)
अश्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्वस्य (genitive singular)
अश्वयोः (dual genitive)
अश्वानाम् (genitive plural)
अश्वे (locative singular)
अश्वयोः (dual locative)
अश्वेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Shina: اَںشپوࣿ (ä̃špo)

Kalasha: hãš

Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀆𑀲 (āsa)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤 (aśpa)

Pali: assa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (assa)

Marwari: अस (as)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: අශ්වයා (aśwayā)

→ Bengali: অশ্ব (ośśo) (learned)

→ Hindi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ವ (aśva) (learned)

→ Marathi: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Old Gujarati: अश्व (aśva) (learned)

→ Gujarati: અશ્વ (aśva) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: අශ්වය (aśwaya) (learned)

→ Indonesian: aswa

→ Lü: ᦁᦱᦌᦱ (ʼaasaa)

→ Malayalam: അശ്വം (aśvaṁ)

→ Telugu: అశ్వము (aśvamu)

→ Thai: อัศว (àt-sà-wá-)

→ Eastern Cham: ꨀꨔꨰꩍ

→ Western Cham: اسايه

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśwas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas (“horse”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa), Old Persian 𐎠𐎿 (a-s /asa/), Lithuanian ašva, Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos) Latin equus, Old English eoh.

क्षेत्र॑स्य॒ पति॑ना व॒यं हि॒तेने॑व जयामसि ।
गाम्अश्वं॑ पोषयि॒त्न्वा स नो॑ मृळाती॒दृशे॑ ॥
kṣétrasya pátinā vayáṃ hiténeva jayāmasi.

With the master of the field, our friend, we triumph; may he bestow upon us cattle, horses, nourishment, for by such gifts he makes us happy

gā́máśvaṃ poṣayitnvā́ sá no mṛḷātīdṛ́śe.

the number "seven" (that being the number of the horses of the sun)


गगन

gagana (romanization)
गगनम् (nominative singular)
गगने (dual nominative)
गगनानि (nominative plural)
गगना1 (nominative plural)
गगन (singular vocative)
गगने (dual vocative)
गगनानि (plural vocative)
गगना1 (plural vocative)
गगनम् (accusative singular)
गगने (accusative dual)
गगनानि (accusative plural)
गगना1 (accusative plural)
गगनेन (instrumental singular)
गगनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गगनैः (instrumental plural)
गगनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गगनाय (dative singular)
गगनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गगनेभ्यः (dative plural)
गगनात् (ablative singular)
गगनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गगनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गगनस्य (genitive singular)
गगनयोः (dual genitive)
गगनानाम् (genitive plural)
गगने (locative singular)
गगनयोः (dual locative)
गगनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɡɐ.ɡɐ.n̪ɐ/

Of unclear origin. Mayrhofer rejects an earlier theory deriving the word from an earlier unattested *ग-गण (ga-gaṇa, “filled with wandering troops (i.e. clouds in the sky)”), a reduplicative formation from गम् (gam, “to go”), and proposes no alternative etymology.


आराम

ārāmá (romanization)
आरामः (nominative singular)
आरामौ (dual nominative)
आरामा1 (dual nominative)
आरामाः (nominative plural)
आरामासः1 (nominative plural)
आराम (singular vocative)
आरामौ (dual vocative)
आरामा1 (dual vocative)
आरामाः (plural vocative)
आरामासः1 (plural vocative)
आरामम् (accusative singular)
आरामौ (accusative dual)
आरामा1 (accusative dual)
आरामान् (accusative plural)
आरामेण (instrumental singular)
आरामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरामैः (instrumental plural)
आरामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आरामाय (dative singular)
आरामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरामेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरामात् (ablative singular)
आरामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरामस्य (genitive singular)
आरामयोः (dual genitive)
आरामाणाम् (genitive plural)
आरामे (locative singular)
आरामयोः (dual locative)
आरामेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ārāma

/ɑː.ɾɑː.mɐ́/

From the root आरम् (āram, “to take pleasure”), from आ- (ā-) + रम् (ram, “to enjoy”).

sa-root

name of a particular daṇḍaka- metre


जरा

jarā (romanization)
जॄ (root)
जरा (nominative singular)
जरे (dual nominative)
जराः (nominative plural)
जरे (singular vocative)
जरे (dual vocative)
जराः (plural vocative)
जराम् (accusative singular)
जरे (accusative dual)
जराः (accusative plural)
जरया (instrumental singular)
जरा1 (instrumental singular)
जराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जराभिः (instrumental plural)
जरायै (dative singular)
जराभ्याम् (dative dual)
जराभ्यः (dative plural)
जरायाः (ablative singular)
जरायै2 (ablative singular)
जराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जराभ्यः (ablative plural)
जरायाः (genitive singular)
जरायै2 (genitive singular)
जरयोः (dual genitive)
जराणाम् (genitive plural)
जरायाम् (locative singular)
जरयोः (dual locative)
जरासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρας (gêras, “old age”).


अभाव

abhāva (romanization)
अभावः (nominative singular)
अभावौ (dual nominative)
अभावाः (nominative plural)
अभाव (singular vocative)
अभावौ (dual vocative)
अभावाः (plural vocative)
अभावम् (accusative singular)
अभावौ (accusative dual)
अभावान् (accusative plural)
अभावेन (instrumental singular)
अभावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभावैः (instrumental plural)
अभावाय (dative singular)
अभावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभावेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभावात् (ablative singular)
अभावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभावेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभावस्य (genitive singular)
अभावयोः (dual genitive)
अभावानाम् (genitive plural)
अभावे (locative singular)
अभावयोः (dual locative)
अभावेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of अभाव

→ Hindi: अभाव (abhāv)

→ Malayalam: അഭാവം (abhāvaṁ)


विना

sa-noun form

विना • (vínā) m

instrumental singular of वि (ví, “bird”)


राजा

/ɾɑ́ː.d͡ʑɑː/

/ˈɾɑː.d͡ʑɑː/

राजन् राजन्#Sanskrit

instrumental singular/nominative/vocative/accusative dual of राज् (rā́j)


प्राण

prāṇá (romanization)
प्राणः (nominative singular)
प्राणौ (dual nominative)
प्राणा1 (dual nominative)
प्राणाः (nominative plural)
प्राणासः1 (nominative plural)
प्राण (singular vocative)
प्राणौ (dual vocative)
प्राणा1 (dual vocative)
प्राणाः (plural vocative)
प्राणासः1 (plural vocative)
प्राणम् (accusative singular)
प्राणौ (accusative dual)
प्राणा1 (accusative dual)
प्राणान् (accusative plural)
प्राणेन (instrumental singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्राणैः (instrumental plural)
प्राणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्राणाय (dative singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्राणेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्राणात् (ablative singular)
प्राणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्राणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्राणस्य (genitive singular)
प्राणयोः (dual genitive)
प्राणानाम् (genitive plural)
प्राणे (locative singular)
प्राणयोः (dual locative)
प्राणेषु (locative plural)

→ Burmese: ပြန် (pran)

→ Kannada: ಪ್ರಾಣ (prāṇa)

→ English: prana

→ Hindi: प्राण (prāṇ)

→ Marathi: प्राण (prāṇ)

→ Odia: ପ୍ରାଣ (prāṇa)

→ Bengali: প্রাণ (pran)

→ Bengali: পরাণ (poran) (semi-learned)

Pali: pāṇa

→ Telugu: ప్రాణము (prāṇamu)

→ Khmer: ប្រាណ (praan)

→ Thai: ปราณ (bpraan)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

breath, respiration, the breath of life, vitality, life, vital air (usually plural in this sense)

व्यान व्यान#Sanskrit

the first of the five life-winds or vital airs, which has its seat in the lungs (the other four being अपान (apāna), समान (samāna), व्यान (vyāna) and उदान (udāna))

प्राणसार प्राणसार#Sanskrit

energy, vigor, strength, power (as in प्राणसार (prāṇasāra))

the spirit or soul (as opposed to शरीर (śarīra))

आत्मन् आत्मन्#Sanskrit


पिता

head

पिता • (pitā́) m

nominative singular of पितृ (pitṛ́, “father”)


पावक

pāvaká (romanization)
पवाक (metrically)
पावकः (nominative singular)
पावकौ (dual nominative)
पावका1 (dual nominative)
पावकाः (nominative plural)
पावकासः1 (nominative plural)
पावक (singular vocative)
पावकौ (dual vocative)
पावका1 (dual vocative)
पावकाः (plural vocative)
पावकासः1 (plural vocative)
पावकम् (accusative singular)
पावकौ (accusative dual)
पावका1 (accusative dual)
पावकान् (accusative plural)
पावकेन (instrumental singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पावकैः (instrumental plural)
पावकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पावकाय (dative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पावकात् (ablative singular)
पावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पावकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पावकस्य (genitive singular)
पावकयोः (dual genitive)
पावकानाम् (genitive plural)
पावके (locative singular)
पावकयोः (dual locative)
पावकेषु (locative plural)

→ Malay: pawaka

/pɐ.ʋɑː.kɐ́/

/ˈpɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pawHākás, from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); compare Parthian [Term?] (/pawāg/), Persian پاک (pâk, “pure”). The Sanskrit root is पू (pū, “to purify”).

der

the number three (like all words for "fire", because fire is of three kinds)


आदि

ādi (romanization)
आदिः (nominative singular)
आदी (dual nominative)
आदयः (nominative plural)
आदे (singular vocative)
आदी (dual vocative)
आदयः (plural vocative)
आदिम् (accusative singular)
आदी (accusative dual)
आदीन् (accusative plural)
आदिना (instrumental singular)
आद्या1 (instrumental singular)
आदिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आदिभिः (instrumental plural)
आदये (dative singular)
आदिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आदिभ्यः (dative plural)
आदेः (ablative singular)
आद्यः1 (ablative singular)
आदिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आदिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आदेः (genitive singular)
आद्यः1 (genitive singular)
आद्योः (dual genitive)
आदीनाम् (genitive plural)
आदौ (locative singular)
आदा1 (locative singular)
आद्योः (dual locative)
आदिषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: आदि (ādi)

→ Kannada: ಆದಿ (ādi)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ādi
Javanese: ꦲꦢꦶ (adi, “fine, beautiful”)
→ Malay: adi-
Indonesian: adi-
→ Balinese: ᬅᬥᬶ (“main, principal”)
→ Balinese: ᬆᬤᬶ (“first”)

Pali: ādi

→ Khmer: អាទិ (ʼaatiʼ)

→ Thai: อาทิ (aa-tí)

→ Punjabi: ਆਦਿ (ādi)

→ Tamil: ஆதி (āti)

→ Telugu: ఆది (ādi)


अहिंसा

→ Bengali: অহিংসা (ohiṅśa)

→ English: ahimsa

→ Hindi: अहिंसा (ahinsā)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਅਹਿੰਸਾ (ahinsā)

Shahmukhi script: اہمسا (ahimsā)


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतः (nominative singular)
अमृतौ (dual nominative)
अमृता1 (dual nominative)
अमृताः (nominative plural)
अमृतासः1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृतौ (dual vocative)
अमृता1 (dual vocative)
अमृताः (plural vocative)
अमृतासः1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृतौ (accusative dual)
अमृता1 (accusative dual)
अमृतान् (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *amŕ̥tas (“immortal”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥mr̥tós (“immortal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀 (aməša, “immortal”), Ancient Greek ἄμβροτος (ámbrotos, “immortal”). Equivalent to अ- (a-) + मृत (mṛta).
The nouns derive fairly readily from the adjective.

cog

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Pueraria montana var. lobata#Translingual

kudzu, a vine of variety Pueraria montana var. lobata (syn. Phaseolus trilobus)


अमृत

amṛ́ta (romanization)
अमृतम् (nominative singular)
अमृते (dual nominative)
अमृतानि (nominative plural)
अमृता1 (nominative plural)
अमृत (singular vocative)
अमृते (dual vocative)
अमृतानि (plural vocative)
अमृता1 (plural vocative)
अमृतम् (accusative singular)
अमृते (accusative dual)
अमृतानि (accusative plural)
अमृता1 (accusative plural)
अमृतेन (instrumental singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अमृतैः (instrumental plural)
अमृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अमृताय (dative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अमृतात् (ablative singular)
अमृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अमृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अमृतस्य (genitive singular)
अमृतयोः (dual genitive)
अमृतानाम् (genitive plural)
अमृते (locative singular)
अमृतयोः (dual locative)
अमृतेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀫𑀬 (amaya), 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀬 (amiya), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀬 (amuya)

Assamese: অমিয়া (omia), অমিয় (omio)

Gujarati: અમી (amī)

Odia: ଅମିଅ (amia)

Pali: amata

→ Assamese: অমিতা (omita)

→ English: amrita

→ Hindi: अमृत (amŕt)

→ Indonesian: amerta

desctree

→ Old Tamil: 𑀅𑀫𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amirtam), 𑀅𑀫𑀼𑀢𑀫𑁆 (amutam)
Tamil: அமிர்தம் (amirtam)

→ Polish: amrita

→ Thai: อมฤต (à-má-rít)

न मृत्युर् आसीद् अमृतं न तर्हि न रात्र्या अह्न आसीत् प्रकेतः ।
आनीद् अवातं स्वधया तद् एकं तस्माद् धान्यन् न परः किं चनास ॥
na mṛtyur āsīd amṛtaṃ na tarhi na rātryā ahna āsīt praketaḥ.

Death was not then, nor was there immortality: no sign was there, the day's and night's divider. That One Thing, breathless, breathed by its own nature: apart from it was nothing whatsoever.

ānīd avātaṃ svadhayā tad ekaṃ tasmād dhānyan na paraḥ kiṃ canāsa.

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti


ज्ञान

jñā́na (romanization)
ज्ञानम् (nominative singular)
ज्ञाने (dual nominative)
ज्ञानानि (nominative plural)
ज्ञाना1 (nominative plural)
ज्ञान (singular vocative)
ज्ञाने (dual vocative)
ज्ञानानि (plural vocative)
ज्ञाना1 (plural vocative)
ज्ञानम् (accusative singular)
ज्ञाने (accusative dual)
ज्ञानानि (accusative plural)
ज्ञाना1 (accusative plural)
ज्ञानेन (instrumental singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्ञानैः (instrumental plural)
ज्ञानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ज्ञानाय (dative singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्ञानेभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्ञानात् (ablative singular)
ज्ञानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्ञानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्ञानस्य (genitive singular)
ज्ञानयोः (dual genitive)
ज्ञानानाम् (genitive plural)
ज्ञाने (locative singular)
ज्ञानयोः (dual locative)
ज्ञानेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: जाण (j̈āṇ)

Pali: ñāṇa
→ Burmese: ဉာဏ် (nyan)
→ Khmer: ញាណ (ñiən)
→ Thai: ญาณ (yaan)

Prakrit:

Gujarati: જાણ (jāṇ)

Hindi: जान (jān)

Punjabi: ਜਾਣ (jāṇ)

→ Assamese: জ্ঞান (gyan) (learned)

→ Bengali: জ্ঞান (gên) (learned)

→ English: jnana (learned)

→ Gujarati: જ્ઞાન (jñān) (learned)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ज्ञान (jñān)

Urdu: گیان (gyān)

→ Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna)

→ Nepali: ज्ञान (gyān)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (jñāna)

Marathi: ज्ञान (jñān)

→ Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨ (giāna)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀜𑀸𑀷𑀫𑁆 (ñāṉam)
Tamil: ஞானம் (ñāṉam)

→ Telugu: జ్ఞానము (jñānamu)

→ Sylheti: ꠉꠤꠀꠘ (gian)

/d͡ʑɲɑ́ː.nɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna)
From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”) + -अन (-ana).

विज्ञान

cognitive capacity, discernment, intelligence; proficiency; consciousness

knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (esp.) the higher knowledge (in Buddhism, pure awareness free from conceptual constructs; in Hinduism, true knowledge of the Self's identity with the Ultimate Reality)

ज्ञानाद् अज्ञानाद् वा

अज्ञान अज्ञान#Sanskrit

"knowledge about anything cognizance" (compare ज्ञानतस् (jñānatas) and अज्ञान (ajñāna))

= ज्ञानेन्द्रिय (jñānendriya)

सर्पिषस् सर्पिस्#Sanskrit

engaging in (+ genitive, e.g. सर्पिषस् (sarpiṣas, “in sacrifice with clarified butter”))


हर्ष

harṣa (romanization)
हर्षः (nominative singular)
हर्षौ (dual nominative)
हर्षा1 (dual nominative)
हर्षाः (nominative plural)
हर्षासः1 (nominative plural)
हर्ष (singular vocative)
हर्षौ (dual vocative)
हर्षा1 (dual vocative)
हर्षाः (plural vocative)
हर्षासः1 (plural vocative)
हर्षम् (accusative singular)
हर्षौ (accusative dual)
हर्षा1 (accusative dual)
हर्षान् (accusative plural)
हर्षेण (instrumental singular)
हर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हर्षैः (instrumental plural)
हर्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हर्षाय (dative singular)
हर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
हर्षात् (ablative singular)
हर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हर्षस्य (genitive singular)
हर्षयोः (dual genitive)
हर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
हर्षे (locative singular)
हर्षयोः (dual locative)
हर्षेषु (locative plural)

Tamil: ஹர்ஷம் (harṣam)

→ Hindi: हर्ष (harṣ)

→ Old Javanese: harṣa

From the root हृष् (hṛṣ, “to be excited”) + -अ (-a). Cognate with Latin horreō, horror, Ancient Greek χέρσος (khérsos, “dry land”).

cog

bristling, erection (especially of the hair in a thrill of rapture or delight)

erection of the sexual organ, sexual excitement, lustfulness


हस्तिन्

hastín (romanization)
हस्ती (nominative singular)
हस्तिनौ (dual nominative)
हस्तिना1 (dual nominative)
हस्तिनः (nominative plural)
हस्तिन् (singular vocative)
हस्तिनौ (dual vocative)
हस्तिना1 (dual vocative)
हस्तिनः (plural vocative)
हस्तिनम् (accusative singular)
हस्तिनौ (accusative dual)
हस्तिना1 (accusative dual)
हस्तिनः (accusative plural)
हस्तिना (instrumental singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
हस्तिने (dative singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तिनः (ablative singular)
हस्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तिनः (genitive singular)
हस्तिनोः (dual genitive)
हस्तिनाम् (genitive plural)
हस्तिनि (locative singular)
हस्तिनोः (dual locative)
हस्तिषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨱𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨁 (hasti)

Pali: hatthin

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (hatthi), 𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (hasti) — Māgadhī
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: އެތް (et̊)
Sinhalese: ඇත් (æt)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: হাথী (hathī)
Assamese: হাতী (hati), হাথী (hathi)
→ Khasi: hati
Middle Bengali: হাথি (hathi)
Bengali: হাতি (hati)
→ Santali: ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ (hăti)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄬𑄖𑄴 (het /ét/)
Odia: ହାତୀ (hāti)
Rohingya: háñti
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ꠆ꠔꠤ (atti)
Khasa Prakrit:
Nepali: हात्ती (hāttī)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Old Marathi: hātī, hāthī
Devanagari script: हाती, हाथी
Modi script: 𑘮𑘰𑘝𑘲, 𑘮𑘰𑘞𑘲
Marathi: हत्ती (hattī)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Hindustani: hāthī
Hindi: हाथी
Urdu: ہاتھی
Gujarati: હાથી (hāthī)
Takka Apabhramsa:
Punjabi: hātthī
Gurmukhi script: ਹਾਥੀ
Shahmukhi script: ہاتھی
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: hāthī
Arabic script: هَاٿِي
Devanagari script: हाथी

→ Hindi: हस्ती (hastī)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತಿ (hasti)

→ Old Javanese: hasti, asti
> Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠꦶ (asti) (inherited)

From हस्त (hásta, “hand”) + -इन् (-in), literally “having a hand (i.e., a trunk)”.

af

म॒हि॒षासो॑ मा॒यिन॑श्चि॒त्रभा॑नवो गि॒रयो॒ न स्वत॑वसो रघु॒ष्यदः॑।
मृ॒गा इ॑व ह॒स्तिनः॑ खादथा॒ वना॒ यदारु॑णीषु॒ तवि॑षी॒रयु॑ग्ध्वं॥
mahiṣā́so māyínaścitrábhānavo giráyo ná svátavaso raghuṣyádaḥ.

Mighty, with wondrous power and marvellously bright, selfstrong like mountains, you glide swiftly on your way.
Like the wild elephants you eat the forests up when you assume your strength among the bright red flames.

mṛgā́ iva hastínaḥ khādathā vánā yádā́ruṇīṣu táviṣīráyugdhvaṃ.


द्वार

dvā́ra (romanization)
द्वारम् (nominative singular)
द्वारे (dual nominative)
द्वाराणि (nominative plural)
द्वारा1 (nominative plural)
द्वार (singular vocative)
द्वारे (dual vocative)
द्वाराणि (plural vocative)
द्वारा1 (plural vocative)
द्वारम् (accusative singular)
द्वारे (accusative dual)
द्वाराणि (accusative plural)
द्वारा1 (accusative plural)
द्वारेण (instrumental singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वारैः (instrumental plural)
द्वारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वाराय (dative singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वारेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वारात् (ablative singular)
द्वाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वारस्य (genitive singular)
द्वारयोः (dual genitive)
द्वाराणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वारे (locative singular)
द्वारयोः (dual locative)
द्वारेषु (locative plural)

Bihari: बारा (bārā)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: دٲر (dạ̄r)

Devanagari script: दऻर (dạ̄r)

Sharada script: 𑆢𑇋𑆳𑆫 (dạ̄r)

Gujarati: બારણું (bārṇũ)

Saurashtra: ꢣꢵꢬ꣄ (dār)

Kachchi: બાયણો (bāyaṇo)

Marwari: बारणौ (bārṇau)

Pali: dvāra

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀭 (dāra) (see there for further descendants)

Punjabi: ਬਾਰ (bār)

Romani: vudar

→ Assamese: দুৱাৰ (duar)

→ Bengali: দ্বার (dar)

→ Gujarati: દ્વાર (dvār)

→ Hindi: द्वार (dvār)

→ Malayalam: ദ്വാരം (dvāraṁ)

→ Burmese: ဒွာရ (dwara.)

→ Odia: ଦ୍ଵାର (dwārå)

→ Punjabi: ਦੁਆਰ (duāra)

→ Tamil: துவாரம் (tuvāram)

→ Telugu: ద్వారము (dvāramu)

→ Thai: ทวาร (tá-waan)

→ Urdu: دوار (dvār, dwār)

Developed from earlier द्वार् (dvā́r). First attested in the Brahmanas.

c. 800 BCE – 300 BCE, Early Upaniṣads

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā

नवद्वार नवद्वार#Sanskrit

opening, aperture (especially of the human body; compare नवद्वार (náva-dvāra))

द्वारेण

by means of, with regard or according to

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature

c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra

1238 – 1317, Madhvācārya, Sarvadarśanasaṁgraha

a way, means, medium (the māheśvaras hold that there are 6 dvāras or means of obtaining religious ecstasy - Sarvad.)


द्वेष

dvéṣa (romanization)
द्वेषः (nominative singular)
द्वेषौ (dual nominative)
द्वेषा1 (dual nominative)
द्वेषाः (nominative plural)
द्वेषासः1 (nominative plural)
द्वेष (singular vocative)
द्वेषौ (dual vocative)
द्वेषा1 (dual vocative)
द्वेषाः (plural vocative)
द्वेषासः1 (plural vocative)
द्वेषम् (accusative singular)
द्वेषौ (accusative dual)
द्वेषा1 (accusative dual)
द्वेषान् (accusative plural)
द्वेषेण (instrumental singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्वेषैः (instrumental plural)
द्वेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्वेषाय (dative singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्वेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्वेषात् (ablative singular)
द्वेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्वेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्वेषस्य (genitive singular)
द्वेषयोः (dual genitive)
द्वेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्वेषे (locative singular)
द्वेषयोः (dual locative)
द्वेषेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: द्वेष (dveṣ)

→ Kannada: ದ್ವೇಷ (dvēṣa)

→ Marathi: द्वेष (dveṣ)

→ Tamil: துவேசம் (tuvēcam)

→ Telugu: ద్వేషము (dvēṣamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwáyšas (“fear, hatred”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóy-sos, from *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀𐬵 n (duuaēšah, “hostility”), Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós), Middle Persian byš (bēš, “pain”), Latin dīrus.


दया

dayā́ (romanization)
दया (nominative singular)
दये (dual nominative)
दयाः (nominative plural)
दये (singular vocative)
दये (dual vocative)
दयाः (plural vocative)
दयाम् (accusative singular)
दये (accusative dual)
दयाः (accusative plural)
दयया (instrumental singular)
दया1 (instrumental singular)
दयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दयाभिः (instrumental plural)
दयायै (dative singular)
दयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दयाभ्यः (dative plural)
दयायाः (ablative singular)
दयायै2 (ablative singular)
दयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दयायाः (genitive singular)
दयायै2 (genitive singular)
दययोः (dual genitive)
दयानाम् (genitive plural)
दयायाम् (locative singular)
दययोः (dual locative)
दयासु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: দয়া (doẏa)

→ Hindi: दया (dayā)

→ Marathi: दया (dayā)

→ Old Javanese: dayā

Pali: dayā

→ Tamil: தயை (tayai), தயவு (tayavu)

From the root दय् (day, “to divide, impart, take part in”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y-.


देह

déha (romanization)
देहः (nominative singular)
देहौ (dual nominative)
देहा1 (dual nominative)
देहाः (nominative plural)
देहासः1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहौ (dual vocative)
देहा1 (dual vocative)
देहाः (plural vocative)
देहासः1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहौ (accusative dual)
देहा1 (accusative dual)
देहान् (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)
देहम् (nominative singular)
देहे (dual nominative)
देहानि (nominative plural)
देहा1 (nominative plural)
देह (singular vocative)
देहे (dual vocative)
देहानि (plural vocative)
देहा1 (plural vocative)
देहम् (accusative singular)
देहे (accusative dual)
देहानि (accusative plural)
देहा1 (accusative plural)
देहेन (instrumental singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देहैः (instrumental plural)
देहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देहाय (dative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देहेभ्यः (dative plural)
देहात् (ablative singular)
देहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देहस्य (genitive singular)
देहयोः (dual genitive)
देहानाम् (genitive plural)
देहे (locative singular)
देहयोः (dual locative)
देहेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: দেহা (deha) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: দেহ (deho)

→ Hindi: देह (deh)

→ Kannada: ದೇಹ (dēha)

→ Malayalam: ദേഹം (dēhaṁ)

→ Marathi: देह (deh)

→ Sinhalese: දේහය (dēhaya)

→ Tamil: தேகம் (tēkam)

→ Telugu: దేహము (dēhamu)

→ Urdu: دیہ (deh)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéyǵʰ-o-s, from *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, to knead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos), English dough, Latin fingō (whence English figure, fiction etc).


बुद्धि

búddhi (romanization)
बुद्धिः (nominative singular)
बुद्धी (dual nominative)
बुद्धयः (nominative plural)
बुद्धे (singular vocative)
बुद्धी (dual vocative)
बुद्धयः (plural vocative)
बुद्धिम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धी (accusative dual)
बुद्धीः (accusative plural)
बुद्ध्या (instrumental singular)
बुद्धी1 (instrumental singular)
बुद्धिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धिभिः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धये (dative singular)
बुद्ध्यै2 (dative singular)
बुद्धी1 (dative singular)
बुद्धिभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धिभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धेः (ablative singular)
बुद्ध्याः2 (ablative singular)
बुद्ध्यै3 (ablative singular)
बुद्धिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धिभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धेः (genitive singular)
बुद्ध्याः2 (genitive singular)
बुद्ध्यै3 (genitive singular)
बुद्ध्योः (dual genitive)
बुद्धीनाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धौ (locative singular)
बुद्ध्याम्2 (locative singular)
बुद्धा1 (locative singular)
बुद्ध्योः (dual locative)
बुद्धिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: بۄد (bọd)

Shina: بد (budi)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri: bidī, bədī

Prasuni: büdü, büt

Pali: buddhi

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀺 (buddhi)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: budh

Hindi: बुध

Urdu: بُدھ

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বুধি (budhi)

Middle Bengali: বুধি (budhi)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बुधि (budhi)

Maithili: बुधि (budhɨ)

Odia: ବୁଧି (budhi), ବୁଧିଳ (budhiḷa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: बुद्दि (buddi)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: බුදු (budu)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: बूध (būdh)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: buddh

Gurmukhi script: ਬੁੱਧ

Shahmukhi script: بُدّھ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḇudhi, ḇudh

Arabic script: ٻُڌِ, ٻُڌ

Devanagari script: ॿुधि, ॿुध

→ Bengali: বুদ্ধি (buddhi)

→ Dhivehi: ބުއްދި (buddi)

→ Gujarati: બુદ્ધિ (buddhi)

→ Hindi: बुद्धि (buddhi)

Marathi: बुद्धी (buddhī)

→ Punjabi: ਬੁੱਧੀ (buddhī)

→ Rohingya: buddí

→ Rajbanshi: बुद्धि

→ Sinhalese: බුද්ධි (buddhi)

→ Tagalog: budhi

→ Tamil: புத்தி (putti)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *búddʰiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰúdᶻdʰiš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúdʰtis, from *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬌 (busti), Ancient Greek πῠ́στῐς (pŭ́stĭs), Lithuanian bùsti. Equivalent to बुध् (budh, root) + -ति (-ti).

intelligence (the power of forming and retaining conceptions and general notions)

बुद्धिर् यस्य बलं तस्य

c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 2

"whose knowledge, his power"; knowledge is power


सत्त्व

sattvá (romanization)
सत्त्वम् (nominative singular)
सत्त्वे (dual nominative)
सत्त्वानि (nominative plural)
सत्त्व (singular vocative)
सत्त्वे (dual vocative)
सत्त्वानि (plural vocative)
सत्त्वम् (accusative singular)
सत्त्वे (accusative dual)
सत्त्वानि (accusative plural)
सत्त्वेन (instrumental singular)
सत्त्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सत्त्वैः (instrumental plural)
सत्त्वाय (dative singular)
सत्त्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सत्त्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
सत्त्वात् (ablative singular)
सत्त्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सत्त्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सत्त्वस्य (genitive singular)
सत्त्वयोः (dual genitive)
सत्त्वानाम् (genitive plural)
सत्त्वे (locative singular)
सत्त्वयोः (dual locative)
सत्त्वेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">सत्त्व</i>

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

सत्त्वाभ्याम्

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: සත්ව (satwa), සත (sata)

Pali: satta

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢 (satta)

Bengali: সত্ত্ব (śotto)

Hindi: सत्ता (sattā)

→ Burmese: သတ္တဝါ (satta.wa)

→ English: sattva

→ Khmer: សត្វ (sat)

→ Lao: ສັດ (sat)

→ Lü: ᦶᦉᧆ (ṡaed)

→ Malay: satwa

Indonesian: satwa

→ Middle Chinese: 薩埵 (MC sat twaX)

Chinese: 薩埵 /萨埵 (sàduǒ)

→ Japanese: 薩埵 / さった (satta)

→ Sundanese: ᮞᮒᮧ (sato)

→ Tausug: sattuwa

→ Thai: สัตว์ (sàt)

/ˈs̪ɐt̪.t̪ʋɐ/

[ˈs̪ɐt̪̚.t̪ʋɐ]

From सत् (sat, “being, living, enduring”) + -त्व (-tva).


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखः (nominative singular)
सुखौ (dual nominative)
सुखा1 (dual nominative)
सुखाः (nominative plural)
सुखासः1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखौ (dual vocative)
सुखा1 (dual vocative)
सुखाः (plural vocative)
सुखासः1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखौ (accusative dual)
सुखा1 (accusative dual)
सुखान् (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-
Sanskrit सु- (su-)?
Sanskrit ख (kha)?
Sanskrit सु॒ख (sukhá)
Said to be from सु- (su-) + ख (kha), and to mean originally "having a good axle-hole"; but the sense "pleasant, etc." possibly reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier सुस्थ (sustha), from सु- (su-) + स्थ (stha); compare दुःख (duḥkha).

etymon

सु॒ख

a kind of military array, compare दण्ड (daṇḍa)


सुख

सु॒ख (canonical)
sukhá (romanization)
सुखम् (nominative singular)
सुखे (dual nominative)
सुखानि (nominative plural)
सुखा1 (nominative plural)
सुख (singular vocative)
सुखे (dual vocative)
सुखानि (plural vocative)
सुखा1 (plural vocative)
सुखम् (accusative singular)
सुखे (accusative dual)
सुखानि (accusative plural)
सुखा1 (accusative plural)
सुखेन (instrumental singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुखैः (instrumental plural)
सुखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुखाय (dative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुखात् (ablative singular)
सुखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुखस्य (genitive singular)
सुखयोः (dual genitive)
सुखानाम् (genitive plural)
सुखे (locative singular)
सुखयोः (dual locative)
सुखेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀖 (sugha), 𑀲𑀼𑀳 (suha), 𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀔 (sukkha) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Pali: sukha
→ Mon: သုခ
→ Burmese: သုခ (su.hka.)
→ Shan: သုၵ်ႉၶႃႉ (sṵ̂k khâ̰a)

Borrowed terms

→ Assamese: সুখ (xukh)

→ Bengali: সুখ (śukh)

→ Hindi: सुख (sukh)

→ Khmer: សុខ (sok)

→ Malay: suka

Indonesian: suka

→ Min Nan: 舒合 (su-kah)

→ Marathi: सुख (sukh)

→ Thai: สุข (sùk)

⇒ Telugu: సుఖము (sukhamu)

etymon

सु॒ख

happiness (in m personified as a child of Dharma and Siddhi)

sukham-√kṛ

महता सुखेन


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
सूर्यः (nominative singular)
सूर्यौ (dual nominative)
सूर्या1 (dual nominative)
सूर्याः (nominative plural)
सूर्यासः1 (nominative plural)
सूर्य (singular vocative)
सूर्यौ (dual vocative)
सूर्या1 (dual vocative)
सूर्याः (plural vocative)
सूर्यासः1 (plural vocative)
सूर्यम् (accusative singular)
सूर्यौ (accusative dual)
सूर्या1 (accusative dual)
सूर्यान् (accusative plural)
सूर्येण (instrumental singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूर्यैः (instrumental plural)
सूर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूर्याय (dative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
सूर्यात् (ablative singular)
सूर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूर्यस्य (genitive singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual genitive)
सूर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सूर्ये (locative singular)
सूर्ययोः (dual locative)
सूर्येषु (locative plural)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

ए॒वा पा॑हि प्र॒त्नथा॒ मन्द॑तु त्वा श्रु॒धि ब्रह्म॑ वावृ॒धस्वो॒त गी॒र्भिः।
आ॒विः सूर्यं॑ कृणु॒हि पी॑पि॒हीषो॑ ज॒हि शत्रूँ॑र॒भि गा इ॑न्द्र तृन्धि॥
evā́ pāhi pratnáthā mándatu tvā śrudhí bráhma vāvṛdhásvotá gīrbhíḥ.

O Indra, drink it as of old, and may it exhilarate you; hear our prayer, and be exalted by our praises; make the sun visible, nourish us with food, destroy our enemies and rescue the cattle.

āvíḥ sū́ryaṃ kṛṇuhí pīpihī́ṣo jahí śátrūm̐rabhí gā́ indra tṛndhi.


अधर्म

adharma (romanization)
अधर्मः (nominative singular)
अधर्मौ (dual nominative)
अधर्मा1 (dual nominative)
अधर्माः (nominative plural)
अधर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
अधर्म (singular vocative)
अधर्मौ (dual vocative)
अधर्मा1 (dual vocative)
अधर्माः (plural vocative)
अधर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
अधर्मम् (accusative singular)
अधर्मौ (accusative dual)
अधर्मा1 (accusative dual)
अधर्मान् (accusative plural)
अधर्मेण (instrumental singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधर्मैः (instrumental plural)
अधर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अधर्माय (dative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
अधर्मात् (ablative singular)
अधर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधर्मस्य (genitive singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual genitive)
अधर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
अधर्मे (locative singular)
अधर्मयोः (dual locative)
अधर्मेषु (locative plural)

→ Lao: ອະທຳ (ʼa tham)

desc

→ Thai: อธรรม

→ Thai: อธรรม

unrighteousness, wickedness, demerit, guilt, injustice, sin, irreligion


अभय

abhaya (romanization)
अभयम् (nominative singular)
अभये (dual nominative)
अभयानि (nominative plural)
अभय (singular vocative)
अभये (dual vocative)
अभयानि (plural vocative)
अभयम् (accusative singular)
अभये (accusative dual)
अभयानि (accusative plural)
अभयेन (instrumental singular)
अभयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभयैः (instrumental plural)
अभयाय (dative singular)
अभयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभयेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभयात् (ablative singular)
अभयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभयस्य (genitive singular)
अभययोः (dual genitive)
अभयानाम् (genitive plural)
अभये (locative singular)
अभययोः (dual locative)
अभयेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">अभय</i>

Pali: abhaya

→ Dhivehi: އަބަޔަ (abaya) (learned)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: अभय (abhay)

Urdu: اَبَھیْ (abhay)

→ Lao: ອະໄພ (ʼa phai)

→ Malayalam: അഭയം (abhayaṁ)

→ Sinhalese: අබය (abaya) (learned)

→ Telugu: అభయము (abhayamu)

→ Thai: อภัย (à-pai)


अभ्र

abhrá (romanization)
अभ्रम् (nominative singular)
अभ्रे (dual nominative)
अभ्राणि (nominative plural)
अभ्रा1 (nominative plural)
अभ्र (singular vocative)
अभ्रे (dual vocative)
अभ्राणि (plural vocative)
अभ्रा1 (plural vocative)
अभ्रम् (accusative singular)
अभ्रे (accusative dual)
अभ्राणि (accusative plural)
अभ्रा1 (accusative plural)
अभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
अभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अभ्राय (dative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभ्रात् (ablative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
अभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अभ्रे (locative singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual locative)
अभ्रेषु (locative plural)
अभ्रः (nominative singular)
अभ्रौ (dual nominative)
अभ्रा1 (dual nominative)
अभ्राः (nominative plural)
अभ्रासः1 (nominative plural)
अभ्र (singular vocative)
अभ्रौ (dual vocative)
अभ्रा1 (dual vocative)
अभ्राः (plural vocative)
अभ्रासः1 (plural vocative)
अभ्रम् (accusative singular)
अभ्रौ (accusative dual)
अभ्रा1 (accusative dual)
अभ्रान् (accusative plural)
अभ्रेण (instrumental singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभ्रैः (instrumental plural)
अभ्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अभ्राय (dative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभ्रात् (ablative singular)
अभ्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभ्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभ्रस्य (genitive singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual genitive)
अभ्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अभ्रे (locative singular)
अभ्रयोः (dual locative)
अभ्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: اوٚبُر (obur)

Devanagari script: ऒबुर (obur)

Pali: abbha, ambu, ambha

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀩𑁆𑀪 (abbha)

Gujarati: આભ (ābha)

Hindi: आभ (ābh)

Marwari: आभौ (ābhau)

→ Bengali: অভ্র (obhro) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *abʰrás (“cloud”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬡𐬭𐬀 (aβra), Persian ابر (abr), Latin imber and Ancient Greek ἀφρός (aphrós).

उद्अभ्राणीव स्तनयन्नियर्तीन्द्रो राधांस्यश्व्यानि गव्या।

As Indra, thundering, impels the rain-clouds, so doth he send us store of kine and horses.

udabhrāṇīva stanayanniyartīndro rādhāṃsyaśvyāni gavyā.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


दोष

dóṣa (romanization)
दोषः (nominative singular)
दोषौ (dual nominative)
दोषा1 (dual nominative)
दोषाः (nominative plural)
दोषासः1 (nominative plural)
दोष (singular vocative)
दोषौ (dual vocative)
दोषा1 (dual vocative)
दोषाः (plural vocative)
दोषासः1 (plural vocative)
दोषम् (accusative singular)
दोषौ (accusative dual)
दोषा1 (accusative dual)
दोषान् (accusative plural)
दोषेण (instrumental singular)
दोषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोषैः (instrumental plural)
दोषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दोषाय (dative singular)
दोषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दोषेभ्यः (dative plural)
दोषात् (ablative singular)
दोषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दोषस्य (genitive singular)
दोषयोः (dual genitive)
दोषाणाम् (genitive plural)
दोषे (locative singular)
दोषयोः (dual locative)
दोषेषु (locative plural)

Pali: dosa

Punjabi: ਦੋਖ (dokh)

Marwari: दोस (dos)

→ Hindi: दोष (doṣ)

→ Lao: ໂທດ (thōt)

→ Malay: dosa

Indonesian: dosa

→ Punjabi: ਦੋਸ਼ (doś) (learned)

→ Thai: โทษ (tôot)

→ Tamil: தோஷம் (tōṣam), தோம் (tōm)

→ Telugu: దోషము (dōṣamu)

→ Urdu: دوش (doś)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáwṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáwšas, from Proto-Indo-European *dews- (“to miss, lack, fail, lag, be behind”). Cognate with English tire and Ancient Greek δεύομαι (deúomai, “to lack”).


कार्य

kāryà (romanization)
कार्यम् (nominative singular)
कार्ये (dual nominative)
कार्याणि (nominative plural)
कार्या1 (nominative plural)
कार्य (singular vocative)
कार्ये (dual vocative)
कार्याणि (plural vocative)
कार्या1 (plural vocative)
कार्यम् (accusative singular)
कार्ये (accusative dual)
कार्याणि (accusative plural)
कार्या1 (accusative plural)
कार्येण (instrumental singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कार्यैः (instrumental plural)
कार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कार्याय (dative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
कार्यात् (ablative singular)
कार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
कार्यस्य (genitive singular)
कार्ययोः (dual genitive)
कार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
कार्ये (locative singular)
कार्ययोः (dual locative)
कार्येषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨐𐨪𐨁𐨩 (kariya)

Pali: kāriya

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) (early grammaticalized possessive marker, see there for further descendants)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kajja)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Bengali: কাজ (kaj)
Early Assamese: কায (kajo)
Assamese: কাজ (kaz)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Old Marathi: काज (kāja)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Gujarati: કાજ (kāj)
Hindi: काज (kāj)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ryas (“to be done”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór-yo-s, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia, “(that which is) to be done”).


क्षेत्र

क्षेत्र ॑ (canonical)
kṣétra (romanization)
क्षेत्रम् (nominative singular)
क्षेत्रे (dual nominative)
क्षेत्राणि (nominative plural)
क्षेत्रा1 (nominative plural)
क्षेत्र (singular vocative)
क्षेत्रे (dual vocative)
क्षेत्राणि (plural vocative)
क्षेत्रा1 (plural vocative)
क्षेत्रम् (accusative singular)
क्षेत्रे (accusative dual)
क्षेत्राणि (accusative plural)
क्षेत्रा1 (accusative plural)
क्षेत्रेण (instrumental singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षेत्रैः (instrumental plural)
क्षेत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्षेत्राय (dative singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षेत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षेत्रात् (ablative singular)
क्षेत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षेत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षेत्रस्य (genitive singular)
क्षेत्रयोः (dual genitive)
क्षेत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षेत्रे (locative singular)
क्षेत्रयोः (dual locative)
क्षेत्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

→ Kalasha: č̣hetr

→ Khowar: ݯھیتُر (c̣hétur)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪 (kṣetra)

Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (khĕtta), 𑀙𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (chĕtta) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Pali: khetta
→ Khmer: ខេត្ត (khaet)
→ Lao: ເຂດ (khēt)
→ Thai: เขต (kèet)
→ Tocharian B: keta (learned)

Borrowed terms

→ Middle Chinese: 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la)

zh-l

剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)

→ Mandarin: 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)

desc

→ Middle Korean: 刹 (뎔, dyeol), 刹 (졀, jyeol)

→ Japanese: 寺 (てら, tera)

→ Korean: 찰 (chal), 절 (jeol)

→ Vietnamese: 剎 (sát)

→ Assamese: ক্ষেত্ৰ (khetro)

→ Bengali: ক্ষেত্র (khetro)

→ English: kshetra

→ Hindi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Marathi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (kṣētra)

→ Khmer: ក្សេត្រ (kseet)

→ Lao: ກະເສດ (ka sēt)

→ Nepali: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

→ Odia: କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (kshetra), କ୍ଷେତ (ksheta)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: kṣetra, setra
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠꦿ (sétra) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: setra (“field”)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬾᬢ᭄ᬭ (setra)
→ Indonesian: setra (“graveyard, cemetery”)

desc

→ Tamil: கேத்திரம் (kēttiram), சேத்து (cēttu), சேத்திரம் (cēttiram), க்ஷேத்திரம் (kṣēttiram)

→ Telugu: క్షేత్రము (kṣētramu), క్షేత్రం (kṣētraṁ)

→ Thai: เกษตร (gà-sèet)

/ˈkʂeːt̪.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr
Proto-Indo-European *-trom
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram
Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom. Cognate with Avestan 𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (šōiθra), English home.

etymon

क्षेत्र॑

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda


माहात्म्य

māhātmya (romanization)
माहात्म्यम् (nominative singular)
माहात्म्ये (dual nominative)
माहात्म्यानि (nominative plural)
माहात्म्य (singular vocative)
माहात्म्ये (dual vocative)
माहात्म्यानि (plural vocative)
माहात्म्यम् (accusative singular)
माहात्म्ये (accusative dual)
माहात्म्यानि (accusative plural)
माहात्म्येन (instrumental singular)
माहात्म्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
माहात्म्यैः (instrumental plural)
माहात्म्याय (dative singular)
माहात्म्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
माहात्म्येभ्यः (dative plural)
माहात्म्यात् (ablative singular)
माहात्म्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
माहात्म्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
माहात्म्यस्य (genitive singular)
माहात्म्ययोः (dual genitive)
माहात्म्यानाम् (genitive plural)
माहात्म्ये (locative singular)
माहात्म्ययोः (dual locative)
माहात्म्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">माहात्म्य</i>

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्येभ्यः

माहात्म्यात्

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्येभ्यः

माहात्म्यस्य

माहात्म्ययोः

माहात्म्यानाम्

माहात्म्ययोः

माहात्म्येषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

माहात्म्यस्य

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्यानि

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्येभ्यः

माहात्म्यात्

माहात्म्याभ्याम्

माहात्म्येभ्यः

माहात्म्यस्य

माहात्म्ययोः

माहात्म्यानाम्

माहात्म्ययोः

माहात्म्येषु

/mɑːˈɦɑːt̪.mjɐ/

exalted state or position, majesty, dignity

the peculiar efficacy or virtue of any divinity or sacred shrine

देवीमाहात्म्य (devī-māhātmya) — name of a chapter of Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa

a work giving an account of the merits of any holy place or object


मान

māna (romanization)
मानः (nominative singular)
मानौ (dual nominative)
माना1 (dual nominative)
मानाः (nominative plural)
मानासः1 (nominative plural)
मान (singular vocative)
मानौ (dual vocative)
माना1 (dual vocative)
मानाः (plural vocative)
मानासः1 (plural vocative)
मानम् (accusative singular)
मानौ (accusative dual)
माना1 (accusative dual)
मानान् (accusative plural)
मानेन (instrumental singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानैः (instrumental plural)
मानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानाय (dative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानात् (ablative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानस्य (genitive singular)
मानयोः (dual genitive)
मानानाम् (genitive plural)
माने (locative singular)
मानयोः (dual locative)
मानेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मान (mān)

→ Marathi: मान (mān)

→ Tamil: மானம் (māṉam)

→ Telugu: మానము (mānamu)

→ Punjabi: ماݨ/ਮਾਣ (māṇ)

Vṛddhi derivative of मन् (man, “to think; to form a thought”, root) + -अ (-a) (nominalization suffix).

vrd

(also in the neuter) consideration; regard; respect; honour

a wounded sense of honour (anger or indignation excited by jealousy, caprice, or sulking)

मानगतिं च दर्शयति सेतुसंक्रामभृतश् च भवति सर्वलोकस्य ।

c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 7.1

He seems to be giving way to pride, and meanwhile he serves as a bridge and a passage for everyone.

mānagatiṃ ca darśayati setusaṃkrāmabhṛtaś ca bhavati sarvalokasya.

self-conceit; arrogance; pride (in the negative sense)


मान

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dmáHnas.


मान

māna (romanization)
मानम् (nominative singular)
माने (dual nominative)
मानानि (nominative plural)
माना1 (nominative plural)
मान (singular vocative)
माने (dual vocative)
मानानि (plural vocative)
माना1 (plural vocative)
मानम् (accusative singular)
माने (accusative dual)
मानानि (accusative plural)
माना1 (accusative plural)
मानेन (instrumental singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानैः (instrumental plural)
मानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानाय (dative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानात् (ablative singular)
मानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानस्य (genitive singular)
मानयोः (dual genitive)
मानानाम् (genitive plural)
माने (locative singular)
मानयोः (dual locative)
मानेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मान (mān) (learned)

From मा (mā, “to measure; to mete out”, root) + -अन (-ana, nominalization suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-.

suffix

measure; measuring standard (such as a cord)

dimension; size; length (in space or time)


नियम

niyamá (romanization)
नियमः (nominative singular)
नियमौ (dual nominative)
नियमा1 (dual nominative)
नियमाः (nominative plural)
नियमासः1 (nominative plural)
नियम (singular vocative)
नियमौ (dual vocative)
नियमा1 (dual vocative)
नियमाः (plural vocative)
नियमासः1 (plural vocative)
नियमम् (accusative singular)
नियमौ (accusative dual)
नियमा1 (accusative dual)
नियमान् (accusative plural)
नियमेन (instrumental singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नियमैः (instrumental plural)
नियमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नियमाय (dative singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नियमेभ्यः (dative plural)
नियमात् (ablative singular)
नियमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नियमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नियमस्य (genitive singular)
नियमयोः (dual genitive)
नियमानाम् (genitive plural)
नियमे (locative singular)
नियमयोः (dual locative)
नियमेषु (locative plural)

Pali: niyama

→ Hindi: नियम (niyam)

→ Marathi: नियम (niyam)

→ Bengali: নিয়ম (niẏom)

Punjabi: ਨਿਆਂ (niā̃, “justice”), ਨੇਮ (nem, “rule”), → ਨਿਯਮ (niyam) (learned)

restraining, checking, holding back, preventing, controlling


ह्री

hrī́ (romanization)
ह्रीः (nominative singular)
ह्रियौ (dual nominative)
ह्रियः (nominative plural)
ह्रीः (singular vocative)
ह्रियौ (dual vocative)
ह्रियः (plural vocative)
ह्रियम् (accusative singular)
ह्रियौ (accusative dual)
ह्रियः (accusative plural)
ह्रिया (instrumental singular)
ह्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्रिये (dative singular)
ह्रियै1 (dative singular)
ह्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रियः (ablative singular)
ह्रियाः1 (ablative singular)
ह्रियै2 (ablative singular)
ह्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रियः (genitive singular)
ह्रियाः1 (genitive singular)
ह्रियै2 (genitive singular)
ह्रियोः (dual genitive)
ह्रियाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रीणाम्1 (genitive plural)
ह्रियि (locative singular)
ह्रियाम्1 (locative singular)
ह्रियोः (dual locative)
ह्रीषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreyH- (“to be ashamed”). Cognate with Old High German grīnan.


समाधि

samādhi (romanization)
समाधिः (nominative singular)
समाधी (dual nominative)
समाधयः (nominative plural)
समाधे (singular vocative)
समाधी (dual vocative)
समाधयः (plural vocative)
समाधिम् (accusative singular)
समाधी (accusative dual)
समाधीन् (accusative plural)
समाधिना (instrumental singular)
समाधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समाधिभिः (instrumental plural)
समाधये (dative singular)
समाधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
समाधिभ्यः (dative plural)
समाधेः (ablative singular)
समाधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समाधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
समाधेः (genitive singular)
समाध्योः (dual genitive)
समाधीनाम् (genitive plural)
समाधौ (locative singular)
समाध्योः (dual locative)
समाधिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine i-stem declension of समाधि

Pali: samadhi

Assamese: সমাধি (xomadhi)

Hindi: समाधि (samādhi)

Marathi: समाधि (samādhi)

Nepali: समाधि (samādhi)

desc

Odia: ସମଧି (samadhi), ସମାଦି (samādi), ସମାଧି (samādhi)

Punjabi: ਸਮਾਧ (samādh)

→ Burmese: သမာဓိ (sa.madhi.)

→ Chinese: 三昧 (sānmèi), 三摩地 (sānmódì), 三摩提 (sānmótí)

→ Japanese: 三昧 (sanmai)

→ Korean: 삼매(三昧)

→ Malay: semadi
Indonesian: semadi

→ Manchu: ᠰᠠᠮᠠᡩᡳ (samadi)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: samādhi
Javanese: ꦱꦩꦢꦶ (samadi) → ꦱꦼꦩꦢꦶ (semadi) → ꦱꦼꦩꦼꦢꦶ (semedi)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬫᬵᬥᬶ (semadi)

→ Thai: สมาธิ (sà-maa-tí)

/s̪ɐˈmɑː.d̪ʱi/

सम्- (sam-) + आ- (ā-) + धि (dhi), from धा (dhā).

putting together, joining or combining with (+ instrumental)

a joint or a particular position of the neck

setting to rights, adjustment, settlement

bringing into harmony, agreement, assent

समाधिं-कृणोति (samādhiṃ-√kṛ)

intense application or fixing the mind on, intentness, attention

ध्यान ध्यान#Sanskrit

कारण्डव्यूह कारण्डव्यूह#Sanskrit

samadhi: concentration of the thoughts, profound or abstract meditation, intense contemplation of any particular object (so as to identify the contemplator with the object meditated upon; this is the eighth and last stage of yoga; with Buddhists samadhi is the fourth and last stage of ध्यान (dhyāna) or intense abstract meditation; in the कारण्डव्यूह (kāraṇḍa-vyūha) several samadhi are enumerated)

आरोहावरोहक्रम आरोहावरोहक्रम#Sanskrit

अर्थदृष्टि अर्थदृष्टि#Sanskrit

अन्यधर्माणाम् अन्यधर्माणाम्#Sanskrit

अन्यत्राधिरोहण अन्यत्राधिरोहण#Sanskrit

(rhetorics) name of various figures of speech (defined as आरोहावरोहक्रम (ārohā-varohakrama), अर्थदृष्टि (artha-dṛṣṭi), अन्यधर्माणाम् (anya-dharmāṇām), अन्यत्राधिरोहण (anyatrā-dhirohaṇa) etc.)

अर्हत् अर्हत्#Sanskrit

उत्सर्पिणी उत्सर्पिणी#Sanskrit

name of the 17th कल्प (kalpa), of the 17th अर्हत् (arhat) of the future उत्सर्पिणी (utsarpiṇī)

a religious vow of intense devotion or self-imposed abstraction

collecting or laying up grain in times of dearth

making a promise or assent or permission


ध्यान

dhyāna (romanization)
ध्यानम् (nominative singular)
ध्याने (dual nominative)
ध्यानानि (nominative plural)
ध्याना1 (nominative plural)
ध्यान (singular vocative)
ध्याने (dual vocative)
ध्यानानि (plural vocative)
ध्याना1 (plural vocative)
ध्यानम् (accusative singular)
ध्याने (accusative dual)
ध्यानानि (accusative plural)
ध्याना1 (accusative plural)
ध्यानेन (instrumental singular)
ध्यानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ध्यानैः (instrumental plural)
ध्यानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ध्यानाय (dative singular)
ध्यानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ध्यानेभ्यः (dative plural)
ध्यानात् (ablative singular)
ध्यानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ध्यानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ध्यानस्य (genitive singular)
ध्यानयोः (dual genitive)
ध्यानानाम् (genitive plural)
ध्याने (locative singular)
ध्यानयोः (dual locative)
ध्यानेषु (locative plural)

Pali: jhāna
→ Khmer: ឈាន (chiən)
→ Lao: ຊານ (sān)
→ Burmese: ဈာန် (jhan)
→ Northern Thai: ᨫᩣ᩠ᨶ (saan⁴)
→ Thai: ฌาน (chaan)

Prakrit: 𑀛𑀸𑀡 (jhāṇa)
Apabhramsa: झाण (jhāṇa)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Old Bengali: ঝাণ (jhāṇa)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: झाण (jhāṇa)

Sinhalese: දන් (dan)

→ Bengali: ধ্যান (dhên)

zh-l

禪那／禅那 (chánnuó)

→ Chinese: 禪那／禅那 (chánnuó) (Middle Chinese /d͡ʑiᴇn nɑ/) ~ 禪／禅 (chán) (/d͡ʑiᴇn/)

→ Japanese: 禅那 (zenna) ~ 禅 (zen)

→ English: Zen

→ French: zen

→ German: Zen

→ Spanish: Zen

→ Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)

→ Korean: 선 (seon)

→ Vietnamese: thiền na ~ thiền

→ English: dhyana

→ Gujarati: ધ્યાન (dhyān)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: ध्यान (dhyān)

Urdu: دھیان (dhyān)

→ Kannada: ಧ್ಯಾನ (dhyāna)

→ Khmer: ធ្យាន (thyiən)

→ Marathi: ध्यान (dhyān)

→ Malayalam: ധ്യാനം (dhyānaṁ)

→ Punjabi: ਧਿਆਨ (dhiāna)

→ Tamil: தியானம் (tiyāṉam)

→ Telugu: ధ్యానం (dhyānaṁ)

→ Tibetan: བསམ་གཏན (bsam gtan) (calque)

/ˈd̪ʱjɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ध्यै (dhyai)
Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna)
From the root ध्यै (dhyai, “to contemplate, meditate, think of”); see there for more. Compare Persian دین (din, “religion”), Parthian 𐫅𐫏𐫗 (dyn, “religion”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā, “religion, vision”).

cog

ध्यानम् आस्था, ध्यानं गम्, ध्यानम् आपद्

dhyānam āsthā, dhyānaṃ gam, dhyānam āpad

meditation, contemplation, thought, reflection, (especially) profound and abstract religious meditation; a dhyana

mental representation of the personal attributes of a deity


प्राणायाम

sa-noun

प्राणायाम • (prāṇā-yāma) stem, m

prāṇā-yāma (romanization)
प्राणायामः (nominative singular)
प्राणायामौ (dual nominative)
प्राणायामाः (nominative plural)
प्राणायाम (singular vocative)
प्राणायामौ (dual vocative)
प्राणायामाः (plural vocative)
प्राणायामम् (accusative singular)
प्राणायामौ (accusative dual)
प्राणायामान् (accusative plural)
प्राणायामेन (instrumental singular)
प्राणायामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्राणायामैः (instrumental plural)
प्राणायामाय (dative singular)
प्राणायामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्राणायामेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्राणायामात् (ablative singular)
प्राणायामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्राणायामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्राणायामस्य (genitive singular)
प्राणायामयोः (dual genitive)
प्राणायामानाम् (genitive plural)
प्राणायामे (locative singular)
प्राणायामयोः (dual locative)
प्राणायामेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of प्राणायाम

प्राणायामान्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामेभ्यः

प्राणायामात्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामेभ्यः

प्राणायामस्य

प्राणायामयोः

प्राणायामानाम्

प्राणायामयोः

प्राणायामेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

प्राणायामस्य

प्राणायामान्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामेभ्यः

प्राणायामात्

प्राणायामाभ्याम्

प्राणायामेभ्यः

प्राणायामस्य

प्राणायामयोः

प्राणायामानाम्

प्राणायामयोः

प्राणायामेषु

Compound of प्राण (prāṇá, “life force, vital energy, the breath”) (whence also English prana) + आयाम (āyāma, “lengthening, extending, stretching”).


यम

yáma (romanization)
यम् (root)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yámas, from Proto-Indo-European *yém-o-s, from *yem- (“to hold, restrain”). Cognate with Albanian gjem.

suppression, restraint; self-restraint (in Yoga)


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: جمےژ (ǰamiž)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: යමා (yamā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जेंवां (jēnvā̃)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: जवा (javā)

Pali: yama

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yamás, from Proto-Indo-European *yemHós (“connected, paired”), from *yemH- (“twin”). Cognate with Latin Remus.


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमम् (nominative singular)
यमे (dual nominative)
यमानि (nominative plural)
यमा1 (nominative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमे (dual vocative)
यमानि (plural vocative)
यमा1 (plural vocative)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमे (accusative dual)
यमानि (accusative plural)
यमा1 (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)


ब्रह्मचर्य

brahmacárya (romanization)
ब्रह्मचर्यम् (nominative singular)
ब्रह्मचर्ये (dual nominative)
ब्रह्मचर्याणि (nominative plural)
ब्रह्मचर्य (singular vocative)
ब्रह्मचर्ये (dual vocative)
ब्रह्मचर्याणि (plural vocative)
ब्रह्मचर्यम् (accusative singular)
ब्रह्मचर्ये (accusative dual)
ब्रह्मचर्याणि (accusative plural)
ब्रह्मचर्येण (instrumental singular)
ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्रह्मचर्यैः (instrumental plural)
ब्रह्मचर्याय (dative singular)
ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्रह्मचर्यात् (ablative singular)
ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्रह्मचर्यस्य (genitive singular)
ब्रह्मचर्ययोः (dual genitive)
ब्रह्मचर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
ब्रह्मचर्ये (locative singular)
ब्रह्मचर्ययोः (dual locative)
ब्रह्मचर्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">ब्रह्मचर्य</i>

ब्रह्मचर्यम्

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्यम्

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्येण

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्यैः

ब्रह्मचर्याय

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः

ब्रह्मचर्यात्

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः

ब्रह्मचर्यस्य

ब्रह्मचर्ययोः

ब्रह्मचर्याणाम्

ब्रह्मचर्ययोः

ब्रह्मचर्येषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

ब्रह्मचर्यम्

ब्रह्मचर्यस्य

ब्रह्मचर्यम्

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्यम्

ब्रह्मचर्याणि

ब्रह्मचर्येण

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्यैः

ब्रह्मचर्याय

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः

ब्रह्मचर्यात्

ब्रह्मचर्याभ्याम्

ब्रह्मचर्येभ्यः

ब्रह्मचर्यस्य

ब्रह्मचर्ययोः

ब्रह्मचर्याणाम्

ब्रह्मचर्ययोः

ब्रह्मचर्येषु

desc

பிரம்மச்சரியம்

Tamil: பிரம்மச்சரியம் (pirammaccariyam)

Thai: พรหมจรรย์ (prom-má-jan) (pom ma jan), พรหมจารี (prom-má-jaa-rii) (pom ma jā rī)

/bɾɐɦ.mɐ.t͡ɕɐɾ.jɐ/

/bɾɐɦ.mɐˈt͡ɕɐɾ.jɐ/

the state of an unmarried religious student

in accusative with √grah, √car, √vas, ā-√gam, upa-√i


ग्रन्थ

grantha (romanization)
ग्रन्थः (nominative singular)
ग्रन्थौ (dual nominative)
ग्रन्था1 (dual nominative)
ग्रन्थाः (nominative plural)
ग्रन्थासः1 (nominative plural)
ग्रन्थ (singular vocative)
ग्रन्थौ (dual vocative)
ग्रन्था1 (dual vocative)
ग्रन्थाः (plural vocative)
ग्रन्थासः1 (plural vocative)
ग्रन्थम् (accusative singular)
ग्रन्थौ (accusative dual)
ग्रन्था1 (accusative dual)
ग्रन्थान् (accusative plural)
ग्रन्थेन (instrumental singular)
ग्रन्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्रन्थैः (instrumental plural)
ग्रन्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ग्रन्थाय (dative singular)
ग्रन्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्रन्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्रन्थात् (ablative singular)
ग्रन्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्रन्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्रन्थस्य (genitive singular)
ग्रन्थयोः (dual genitive)
ग्रन्थानाम् (genitive plural)
ग्रन्थे (locative singular)
ग्रन्थयोः (dual locative)
ग्रन्थेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: گَنڈ (ganḍ)

Pali: gantha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀀𑀣 (gam̐tha)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: gath

Hindi: गथ

Urdu: گَتھ (gath)

Old Gujarati:

Marwari: गंझोड़ो (gañjhoṛo)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গঁথা (gõtha)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: गाँठु (gā̃ṭhu)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ගත (gata)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Old Punjabi: ਗੱਥੁ (gatthu)

Punjabi: gath

Gurmukhi script: ਗਥ

Shahmukhi script: گَتھ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: g̠aṇḍhu, g̠aṇḍho

Arabic script: ڳَڻڍُ, ڳَڻڍو

Devanagari script: ॻंढु, ॻंढो

→ Assamese: গ্ৰন্থ (grontho)

→ Hindi: ग्रन्थ (granth)

→ Dhivehi: ގުރަނދަ (guraⁿda) (learned)

→ Middle Chinese: 伽蘭他 (MC gja lan tha)

→ Malayalam: ഗ്രന്ഥം (granthaṁ)

→ Marathi: ग्रन्थ (grantha)

→ Tamil: கிரந்தம் (kirantam)

→ English: Grantha

→ Telugu: గ్రంథము (granthamu)

Nusantaro-Maharlikan:

Malay:

unspecified script: 𑼔𑽂𑼬𑼥𑽂𑼢

Latin script: Grantha

Arabic script: ڬرنتا

→ Indonesian: Grantha

→ Javanese: ꦒꦿꦤ꧀ꦡ (granța)

→ Balinese: ᬕ᭄ᬭᬦ᭄ᬣ

→ Sundanese: ᮌᮢᮔ᮪ᮒ (granta)

→ Tocharian A: granth (learned)

→ Tocharian B: krānt (learned)

/ˈɡɾɐn̪.t̪ʰɐ/

From the root ग्रन्थ् (granth, “to tie together”). Possibly cognate with English cart, crate and cradle.

sa-root

ग्रन्थि ग्रन्थि#Sanskrit

श्लोक श्लोक#Sanskrit

an artificial arrangement of words, (especially of 32 syllables = श्लोक (śloka)), verse, composition, treatise, literary production, book in prose or verse, text (opposed to अर्थ (artha, “meaning”))

Guru Granth Sahib, the book or sacred scriptures of the Sikhs containing short moral poems by Nanak Shah and others


देव

sa-noun

देव • (devá or déva) stem, m (feminine देवी)

devá (romanization)
déva (romanization)
देवी (feminine)
देवः (nominative singular)
देवौ (dual nominative)
देवा1 (dual nominative)
देवाः (nominative plural)
देवासः1 (nominative plural)
देव (singular vocative)
देवौ (dual vocative)
देवा1 (dual vocative)
देवाः (plural vocative)
देवासः1 (plural vocative)
देवम् (accusative singular)
देवौ (accusative dual)
देवा1 (accusative dual)
देवान् (accusative plural)
देवेन (instrumental singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवैः (instrumental plural)
देवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवाय (dative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवात् (ablative singular)
देवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवस्य (genitive singular)
देवयोः (dual genitive)
देवानाम् (genitive plural)
देवे (locative singular)
देवयोः (dual locative)
देवेषु (locative plural)

Pali: deva (see there for further descendants)

Dardic:

Shina: دیو (deu, “demon, ogre”)

Southern:

Dhivehi: ދެވި (devi, “demon”)

Eastern:

Assamese: দেউ (deu, “evil spirit”)

Odia: ଦେଉ (deu, “prince”)

Northwestern:

Punjabi:

Punjabi: ਦੇਉ (deu, “god, devil”)

Punjabi: دیو (deu, “god, devil”)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: ڏيو (ḍ̠eu)

Devanagari script: ॾेउ (ḍ̠eu)

Northern:

Bhadrawahi: देऊ (deū, “rain”)

desc

Kumaoni: द्यो (“god, rain”), दिओ (“rain”)

Nepali: देउ (deu, “god”)

Borrowings

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: [script needed] (dē, “god, oath”)

→ Assamese: দেৱ (dew)

→ Old Awadhi: (learned) deva

Devanagari script: देव

Kaithi script: 𑂠𑂵𑂫

→ Chakma: 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄴 (deb, “god; king”)

→ Chinese: 提婆 (típó)

→ English: deva

→ Hindi: देव (dev)

→ Old Gujarati: देव (deva)

→ Kannada: ದೇವ (dēva)

→ Kashmiri: دیو (dev)

→ Malay: dewa

→ Marathi: देव (dev)

→ Odia: ଦେବ (deba)

→ Punjabi: ਦੇਵ (dev)

→ Marwari: देव (dev)

→ Kalasha: [script needed] (dewa, “god”)

→ Tamil: தேவன் (tēvaṉ)

→ Telugu: దేవుడు (dēvuḍu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian دیو (dēv), Latin deus, divus.

inh

तं य॒ज्ञं ब॒र्हिषि॒ प्रौक्ष॒न्पुरु॑षं जा॒तम॑ग्र॒तः ।
तेन॑ दे॒वा अ॑यजन्त सा॒ध्या ऋष॑यश्च॒ ये ॥
táṃ yajñáṃ barhíṣi praúkṣanpúruṣaṃ jātámagratáḥ.
téna devā́ ayajanta sādhyā́ ṛ́ṣayaśca yé.
They immolated as the victim upon the sacred grass Puruṣa, born before creation;

with him the deities who were Sādhyas and those who were Ṛṣis sacrificed.

अधा॑कृणोः पृथि॒वीं सं॒दृशे॑ दि॒वे यो धौ॑ती॒नाम॑हिह॒न्नारि॑णक्प॒थः ।
तं त्वा॒ स्तोमे॑भिरु॒दभि॒र्न वा॒जिनं॑ दे॒वं दे॒वा अ॑जन॒न्त्सास्यु॒क्थ्यः॑ ॥
ádhākṛṇoḥ pṛthivī́ṃ saṃdṛ́śe divé yó dhautīnā́mahihannā́riṇakpatháḥ.

You have created earth to look upon the sky: you, slaying Ahi, have set free the river's paths.
You, such, a god, the gods have quickened with their praises, even as a steed with waters: meet for praise are you.

táṃ tvā stómebhirudábhirná vājínaṃ deváṃ devā́ ajanantsā́syukthyàḥ.

deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33. (Rigvedic, also accented déva according to Panini 3.3.120)

rarely also of evil demons (Atharvaveda, Taittiriya Samhita)

name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain (Epics)

a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or "your honour" (Rigvedic)

देवदत्त देवदत्त#Sanskrit

as a given name, diminutive of देवदत्त (devadatta) (Panini 5.3.83)


भगवान्

→ Bengali: ভগবান (bhogban)

desctree

→ Hindi: भगवान (bhagvān), भगवान् (bhagvān)
→ English: bhagwaan, Bhagwan, Bhagawan

→ Malay: begawan

→ Tamil: பகவான் (pakavāṉ)

/bʱɐ.ɡɐ.ʋɑːn/

/ˈbʱɐ.ɡɐ.ʋɑːn̪/

भगवत् भगवत्#Sanskrit

masculine nominative singular of भगवत् (bhagavat)


पण्डित

paṇḍitá (romanization)
पण्डितः (nominative singular)
पण्डितौ (dual nominative)
पण्डिता1 (dual nominative)
पण्डिताः (nominative plural)
पण्डितासः1 (nominative plural)
पण्डित (singular vocative)
पण्डितौ (dual vocative)
पण्डिता1 (dual vocative)
पण्डिताः (plural vocative)
पण्डितासः1 (plural vocative)
पण्डितम् (accusative singular)
पण्डितौ (accusative dual)
पण्डिता1 (accusative dual)
पण्डितान् (accusative plural)
पण्डितेन (instrumental singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पण्डितैः (instrumental plural)
पण्डितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पण्डिताय (dative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पण्डितात् (ablative singular)
पण्डिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पण्डितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पण्डितस्य (genitive singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual genitive)
पण्डितानाम् (genitive plural)
पण्डिते (locative singular)
पण्डितयोः (dual locative)
पण्डितेषु (locative plural)

Pali: paṇḍita
→ Burmese: ပဏ္ဍိတ (pandi.ta.)
→ Thai: บัณฑิต (ban-dìt)

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia)

Marathi: पांड्या (pāṇḍyā)

Hindustani: pā̃ḍe

Hindi: पाँडे

desc

Urdu: پان٘ڈے (pā̃ḍe)

Urdu: پان٘ڈے (pā̃ḍe)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: paṇḍe
Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦺ (pandhé)
→ Malay: pandai
Indonesian: pandai
Sabah Malay: pandai
→ Cantonese: 扮𠮨 (baan6 naai3)
→ Cebuano: panday
→ Maranao: panday
→ Semai: panèy
→ Tagalog: panday

Old Javanese: paṇḍita
Javanese: ꦥꦤ꧀ꦝꦶꦠ (pandhita)
→ Indonesian: pandita
→ Malay: pendeta
Indonesian: pendeta
→ Balinese: ᬧᬡ᭄ᬟᬶᬢ (pandita)

Chinese: 班智達 /班智达 (bānzhìdá) (phono-semantic matching)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *per-
Proto-Indo-European *pró
Proto-Indo-European *pro-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-
Sanskrit प्र- (pra-)
Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-
Sanskrit ज्ञा (jñā)
Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā)
Prakrit 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (paṇṇā)bor.?
Sanskrit पण्डा (paṇḍā)
Sanskrit -इत (-ita)
Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita)
पण्डा (paṇḍā) + -इत (-ita). पण्डा (paṇḍā) is of uncertain etymology, but is likely a sanskritization of the Middle Indo-Aryan descendant of प्रज्ञा (prajñā, “wisdom”). See पण्डा (paṇḍā) for more.

etymon

श्री भगवानुवाच
अशोच्यनन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे। गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिताः॥
śrī bhagavānuvāca
aśocyananvaśocastvaṃ prajñāvādāṃśca bhāṣase. gatāsūnagatāsūṃśca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ.
The lord [Kṛṣṇa] said: While speaking learned words, you are mourning for what is not worthy of grief. Wise people lament neither for the living nor for the dead.

विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनि। शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिताः समदर्शिनः॥
The wise people, by virtue of true knowledge, see with equal vision a learned and gentle brāhmaṇa, a cow, an elephant, a dog and an outcaste [lit. dog-eater].

scholar, a learned man, wise person teacher, philosopher, pundit

a Hindu Brahmin who has memorized a substantial portion of the Vedas, along with the corresponding rhythms and melodies for chanting or singing them; a pundit


दुःख

duḥkhá (romanization)
दुःखम् (nominative singular)
दुःखे (dual nominative)
दुःखानि (nominative plural)
दुःखा1 (nominative plural)
दुःख (singular vocative)
दुःखे (dual vocative)
दुःखानि (plural vocative)
दुःखा1 (plural vocative)
दुःखम् (accusative singular)
दुःखे (accusative dual)
दुःखानि (accusative plural)
दुःखा1 (accusative plural)
दुःखेन (instrumental singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दुःखैः (instrumental plural)
दुःखेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दुःखाय (dative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (dative plural)
दुःखात् (ablative singular)
दुःखाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दुःखेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दुःखस्य (genitive singular)
दुःखयोः (dual genitive)
दुःखानाम् (genitive plural)
दुःखे (locative singular)
दुःखयोः (dual locative)
दुःखेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: দুখ (dukh)

Romani: dukh

→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)

→ Bikol Central: dukha

→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)

→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)

→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)

→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)

→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)

desctree

→ Pali: dukkha
→ Malay: duka
→ Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)
→ English: dukkha
→ Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)
→ Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)
→ Tagalog: dukhâ

→ Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)

→ Tagalog: dukha

⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)

⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)

→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)

→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)

Created as antonym to सुख n (sukhá, “ease, pleasure”), with the element दुस्- (dus-).

sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain


प्रयत्न

prayatna (romanization)
प्रयत्नः (nominative singular)
प्रयत्नौ (dual nominative)
प्रयत्ना1 (dual nominative)
प्रयत्नाः (nominative plural)
प्रयत्नासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रयत्न (singular vocative)
प्रयत्नौ (dual vocative)
प्रयत्ना1 (dual vocative)
प्रयत्नाः (plural vocative)
प्रयत्नासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रयत्नम् (accusative singular)
प्रयत्नौ (accusative dual)
प्रयत्ना1 (accusative dual)
प्रयत्नान् (accusative plural)
प्रयत्नेन (instrumental singular)
प्रयत्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रयत्नैः (instrumental plural)
प्रयत्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रयत्नाय (dative singular)
प्रयत्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रयत्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रयत्नात् (ablative singular)
प्रयत्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रयत्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रयत्नस्य (genitive singular)
प्रयत्नयोः (dual genitive)
प्रयत्नानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रयत्ने (locative singular)
प्रयत्नयोः (dual locative)
प्रयत्नेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: प्रयत्न (prayatna) (learned)

→ Marathi: प्रयत्न (prayatna) (learned)

desc

→⇒ Tamil: பிரயத்தனம் (pirayattaṉam) (learned)

/pɾɐˈjɐt̪.n̪ɐ/

प्र- (pra-, “towards”) + यत्न (yatna, “performance”)


संस्कार

saṃskāra (romanization)
संस्कारः (nominative singular)
संस्कारौ (dual nominative)
संस्काराः (nominative plural)
संस्कार (singular vocative)
संस्कारौ (dual vocative)
संस्काराः (plural vocative)
संस्कारम् (accusative singular)
संस्कारौ (accusative dual)
संस्कारान् (accusative plural)
संस्कारेण (instrumental singular)
संस्काराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संस्कारैः (instrumental plural)
संस्काराय (dative singular)
संस्काराभ्याम् (dative dual)
संस्कारेभ्यः (dative plural)
संस्कारात् (ablative singular)
संस्काराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संस्कारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संस्कारस्य (genitive singular)
संस्कारयोः (dual genitive)
संस्काराणाम् (genitive plural)
संस्कारे (locative singular)
संस्कारयोः (dual locative)
संस्कारेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of संस्कार

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्कारेभ्यः

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्कारेभ्यः

संस्काराणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्कारेभ्यः

संस्काराभ्याम्

संस्कारेभ्यः

संस्काराणाम्

/s̪ɐs̪ˈkɑː.ɾɐ/


स्नेह

sa-noun

स्नेह • (snéha) stem, m or n (root स्निह्)

snéha (romanization)
स्निह् (root)
स्नेहः (nominative singular)
स्नेहौ (dual nominative)
स्नेहा1 (dual nominative)
स्नेहाः (nominative plural)
स्नेहासः1 (nominative plural)
स्नेह (singular vocative)
स्नेहौ (dual vocative)
स्नेहा1 (dual vocative)
स्नेहाः (plural vocative)
स्नेहासः1 (plural vocative)
स्नेहम् (accusative singular)
स्नेहौ (accusative dual)
स्नेहा1 (accusative dual)
स्नेहान् (accusative plural)
स्नेहेन (instrumental singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नेहैः (instrumental plural)
स्नेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्नेहाय (dative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नेहात् (ablative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नेहस्य (genitive singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual genitive)
स्नेहानाम् (genitive plural)
स्नेहे (locative singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual locative)
स्नेहेषु (locative plural)
स्नेहम् (nominative singular)
स्नेहे (dual nominative)
स्नेहानि (nominative plural)
स्नेहा1 (nominative plural)
स्नेह (singular vocative)
स्नेहे (dual vocative)
स्नेहानि (plural vocative)
स्नेहा1 (plural vocative)
स्नेहम् (accusative singular)
स्नेहे (accusative dual)
स्नेहानि (accusative plural)
स्नेहा1 (accusative plural)
स्नेहेन (instrumental singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नेहैः (instrumental plural)
स्नेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्नेहाय (dative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नेहात् (ablative singular)
स्नेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नेहस्य (genitive singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual genitive)
स्नेहानाम् (genitive plural)
स्नेहे (locative singular)
स्नेहयोः (dual locative)
स्नेहेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sinēha

desc

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀦𑁂𑀳 (sineha), 𑀲𑀦𑁂𑀳 (saneha), 𑀦𑁂𑀳 (neha)

Central:

Hindustani: neh, nehā

Hindi: नेह, नेहा

Hindi: नेह, नेहा

Urdu: نیہ, نیہا

Urdu: نیہ, نیہا

Eastern:

Assamese: নেহা (neha)

Bengali: নেহ (neho)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: नेह (nēh)

Maithili: नेह (nēh), नेहु (nēhʉ)

Northern:

Kumaoni: नेह (neh)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: nē̃h, nĩh, nehũ, nẽho, nihũ, nehuṛā

Gurmukhi script: ਨੇਂਹ, ਨਿੰਹ, ਨੇਹੁੰ, ਨੇਂਹੋ, ਨਿਹੁੰ, ਨੇਹੁੜਾ

Shahmukhi script: نیں٘ہ, نِن٘ہ, نیہُں, نین٘ہو, نِہُں, نیہُڑا

Sindhi: nehu, nī˜hu

Arabic script: نيهُ, نِينهُ

Devanagari script: नेहु, नींहु

Southern:

Sinhalese: සෙනෙහෙ (senehe), සෙනේ (senē), සිනේ (sinē)

Western:

Gujarati: નેહ (neh), નેડો (neḍo)

Borrowed terms

→ Kannada: ಸ್ನೇಹ (snēha)

→ Malayalam: സ്നേഹം (snēhaṁ)

→ Tamil: சினேகம் (ciṉēkam)

→ Telugu: స్నేహము (snēhamu)

→ Thai: เสน่ห์ (sà-nèe)

/ˈs̪n̪eː.ɦɐ/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *snáyźʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *snáyǰʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”). Cognate with English snow.

inh+

oiliness, unctuousness, fattiness, greasiness, lubricity, viscidity (also as one of the 24 gunas of the vaisheshika branch of the Nyaya philosophy)

oil, grease, fat, any oleaginous substance, an unguent

blandness, tenderness, love, attachment to, fondness or affection for (locative, genitive, or compound), friendship with (saha)

(in the plural) name of the Vaishyas in Kushadvipa


गुरुत्व

gurútva (romanization)
गुरुत्वम् (nominative singular)
गुरुत्वे (dual nominative)
गुरुत्वानि (nominative plural)
गुरुत्वा1 (nominative plural)
गुरुत्व (singular vocative)
गुरुत्वे (dual vocative)
गुरुत्वानि (plural vocative)
गुरुत्वा1 (plural vocative)
गुरुत्वम् (accusative singular)
गुरुत्वे (accusative dual)
गुरुत्वानि (accusative plural)
गुरुत्वा1 (accusative plural)
गुरुत्वेन (instrumental singular)
गुरुत्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुरुत्वैः (instrumental plural)
गुरुत्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गुरुत्वाय (dative singular)
गुरुत्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुरुत्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
गुरुत्वात् (ablative singular)
गुरुत्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुरुत्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुरुत्वस्य (genitive singular)
गुरुत्वयोः (dual genitive)
गुरुत्वानाम् (genitive plural)
गुरुत्वे (locative singular)
गुरुत्वयोः (dual locative)
गुरुत्वेषु (locative plural)

Hindi: गुरुत्व (gurutva)

Telugu: గురుత్వము (gurutvamu)

/ɡuˈɾut̪.ʋɐ/

Compound of गुरु (gurú, “heavy”) + -त्व (-tva, “forms abstract nouns”).


द्रवत्व

→ Malayalam: ദ്രവത്വം (dravatvaṁ)

→ Telugu: ద్రవత్వం (dravatvaṁ)


विभाग

vibhāga (romanization)
विभागः (nominative singular)
विभागौ (dual nominative)
विभागा1 (dual nominative)
विभागाः (nominative plural)
विभागासः1 (nominative plural)
विभाग (singular vocative)
विभागौ (dual vocative)
विभागा1 (dual vocative)
विभागाः (plural vocative)
विभागासः1 (plural vocative)
विभागम् (accusative singular)
विभागौ (accusative dual)
विभागा1 (accusative dual)
विभागान् (accusative plural)
विभागेन (instrumental singular)
विभागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विभागैः (instrumental plural)
विभागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विभागाय (dative singular)
विभागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विभागेभ्यः (dative plural)
विभागात् (ablative singular)
विभागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विभागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विभागस्य (genitive singular)
विभागयोः (dual genitive)
विभागानाम् (genitive plural)
विभागे (locative singular)
विभागयोः (dual locative)
विभागेषु (locative plural)

/ʋi.bʱɑː.ɡɐ/

/ʋiˈbʱɑː.ɡɐ/


संयोग

saṃyoga (romanization)
संयोगः (nominative singular)
संयोगौ (dual nominative)
संयोगा1 (dual nominative)
संयोगाः (nominative plural)
संयोगासः1 (nominative plural)
संयोग (singular vocative)
संयोगौ (dual vocative)
संयोगा1 (dual vocative)
संयोगाः (plural vocative)
संयोगासः1 (plural vocative)
संयोगम् (accusative singular)
संयोगौ (accusative dual)
संयोगा1 (accusative dual)
संयोगान् (accusative plural)
संयोगेन (instrumental singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संयोगैः (instrumental plural)
संयोगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संयोगाय (dative singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संयोगेभ्यः (dative plural)
संयोगात् (ablative singular)
संयोगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संयोगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संयोगस्य (genitive singular)
संयोगयोः (dual genitive)
संयोगानाम् (genitive plural)
संयोगे (locative singular)
संयोगयोः (dual locative)
संयोगेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: संयोग (sãyog)

Urdu: سنیوگ (sãyog)

/s̪ɐ̃ˈjoː.ɡɐ/

From the root संयुज् (saṃyuj) or from सम्- (sam-) + योग (yoga).

matrimonial connection or relationship by marriage with or between

a kind of alliance or peace made between two kings with a common object

applying one's self closely to, being engaged in, undertaking

(grammar) a conjunct consonant, combination of two or more consonants

dependence of one case upon another, syntax

(astronomy) conjunction of two or more heavenly bodies

(arithmetic, mathematics) total amount, sum


परिमाण

parimāṇa (romanization)
परिमाणम् (nominative singular)
परिमाणे (dual nominative)
परिमाणानि (nominative plural)
परिमाण (singular vocative)
परिमाणे (dual vocative)
परिमाणानि (plural vocative)
परिमाणम् (accusative singular)
परिमाणे (accusative dual)
परिमाणानि (accusative plural)
परिमाणेन (instrumental singular)
परिमाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परिमाणैः (instrumental plural)
परिमाणाय (dative singular)
परिमाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
परिमाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
परिमाणात् (ablative singular)
परिमाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परिमाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
परिमाणस्य (genitive singular)
परिमाणयोः (dual genitive)
परिमाणानाम् (genitive plural)
परिमाणे (locative singular)
परिमाणयोः (dual locative)
परिमाणेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">परिमाण</i>

परिमाणाभ्याम्

परिमाणाभ्याम्

परिमाणाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

परिमाणाभ्याम्

परिमाणाभ्याम्

परिमाणाभ्याम्

→ Hindi: परिमाण (parimāṇ)

Tamil: பரிமாணம் (parimāṇam)

measure of any kind, including circumference, length, size, weight, number, value, duration


स्पर्श

sparśá (romanization)
स्पर्शः (nominative singular)
स्पर्शौ (dual nominative)
स्पर्शा1 (dual nominative)
स्पर्शाः (nominative plural)
स्पर्शासः1 (nominative plural)
स्पर्श (singular vocative)
स्पर्शौ (dual vocative)
स्पर्शा1 (dual vocative)
स्पर्शाः (plural vocative)
स्पर्शासः1 (plural vocative)
स्पर्शम् (accusative singular)
स्पर्शौ (accusative dual)
स्पर्शा1 (accusative dual)
स्पर्शान् (accusative plural)
स्पर्शेन (instrumental singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्पर्शैः (instrumental plural)
स्पर्शेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्पर्शाय (dative singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्पर्शेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्पर्शात् (ablative singular)
स्पर्शाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्पर्शेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्पर्शस्य (genitive singular)
स्पर्शयोः (dual genitive)
स्पर्शानाम् (genitive plural)
स्पर्शे (locative singular)
स्पर्शयोः (dual locative)
स्पर्शेषु (locative plural)


रूप

rūpá (romanization)
रूपम् (nominative singular)
रूपे (dual nominative)
रूपाणि (nominative plural)
रूपा1 (nominative plural)
रूप (singular vocative)
रूपे (dual vocative)
रूपाणि (plural vocative)
रूपा1 (plural vocative)
रूपम् (accusative singular)
रूपे (accusative dual)
रूपाणि (accusative plural)
रूपा1 (accusative plural)
रूपेण (instrumental singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रूपैः (instrumental plural)
रूपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रूपाय (dative singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
रूपात् (ablative singular)
रूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रूपस्य (genitive singular)
रूपयोः (dual genitive)
रूपाणाम् (genitive plural)
रूपे (locative singular)
रूपयोः (dual locative)
रूपेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: rūpa
→ Burmese: ရူပ (rupa.), ရုပ် (rup)

Southern:

Elu:

Sinhalese: රුව (ruwa), රූ (rū)

Dhivehi: ރޫ (rū)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀅 (rūa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: રુડ઼ુ (ruṛu)

Hindustani:

Hindi: रूड़ा (rūṛā)

desc

Urdu: رُوڑَا (rūṛā)

Urdu: رُوڑَا (rūṛā)

→ Odia: ରୂପ (rupa)

→ Assamese: ৰূপ (rup)

→ Bengali: রূপ (rup)

→ Bhojpuri: रूप (rūp)

→ Hindi: रूप (rūp)

→ Kannada: ರೂಪ (rūpa)

→ Khmer: រូប (ruup)

→ Lao: ຮູບ (hūp)

→ Malayalam: രൂപം (rūpaṁ)

→ Malay: rupa

→ Marathi: रूप (rūp)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rūpa
> Javanese: ꦫꦸꦥ (rupa) (inherited)

→ Punjabi: ਰੂਪ (rūp)

→ Sinhalese: රෑප (rǣpa)

desc

→ Tamil: ரூபம் (rūpam), உருவம் (uruvam), உரு (uru)

→ Telugu: రూపము (rūpamu)

→ Thai: รูป (rûup)

→ Urdu: روپ (rūp)

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?]. Perhaps related to Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀𐬥- (urvan-, “soul; immortal part of a human being or an animal”) and Persian روان (ravân, “soul”). Not related to वर्पस् (várpas).