प्रतिमा

pratimā (romanization)
प्रतिमा (nominative singular)
प्रतिमे (dual nominative)
प्रतिमाः (nominative plural)
प्रतिमे (singular vocative)
प्रतिमे (dual vocative)
प्रतिमाः (plural vocative)
प्रतिमाम् (accusative singular)
प्रतिमे (accusative dual)
प्रतिमाः (accusative plural)
प्रतिमया (instrumental singular)
प्रतिमा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रतिमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतिमाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रतिमायै (dative singular)
प्रतिमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतिमाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतिमायाः (ablative singular)
प्रतिमायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रतिमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतिमाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतिमायाः (genitive singular)
प्रतिमायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रतिमयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतिमानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतिमायाम् (locative singular)
प्रतिमयोः (dual locative)
प्रतिमासु (locative plural)


मुनि

múni (romanization)
मुनिः (nominative singular)
मुनी (dual nominative)
मुनयः (nominative plural)
मुने (singular vocative)
मुनी (dual vocative)
मुनयः (plural vocative)
मुनिम् (accusative singular)
मुनी (accusative dual)
मुनीन् (accusative plural)
मुनिना (instrumental singular)
मुन्या1 (instrumental singular)
मुनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुनिभिः (instrumental plural)
मुनये (dative singular)
मुनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुनिभ्यः (dative plural)
मुनेः (ablative singular)
मुन्यः1 (ablative singular)
मुनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुनेः (genitive singular)
मुन्यः1 (genitive singular)
मुन्योः (dual genitive)
मुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
मुनौ (locative singular)
मुना1 (locative singular)
मुन्योः (dual locative)
मुनिषु (locative plural)

Originally meaning "someone who is silent" and related to मूक (mū́ka). Cognate with Latin mūtus, Ancient Greek μυνδός (mundós), Armenian մունջ (munǰ).

a saint or sage, especially one who has taken a vow of silence - a muni


विन्यास

/ʋin̪ˈjɑː.s̪ɐ/

(yoga) The transition between poses executed in succession, often timed with regular breathing.

a style of yoga based on a flow between sequential poses and coordinated breathing.


भरत

/bʱɐ.ɾɐ.tɐ́/

/ˈbʱɐ.ɾɐ.t̪ɐ/

From the root भृ (bhṛ, “to bear, to carry”). See Bhārata for more.


तपन

tapaná (romanization)
तप् (root)
तपनः (nominative singular)
तपनौ (dual nominative)
तपना1 (dual nominative)
तपनाः (nominative plural)
तपनासः1 (nominative plural)
तपन (singular vocative)
तपनौ (dual vocative)
तपना1 (dual vocative)
तपनाः (plural vocative)
तपनासः1 (plural vocative)
तपनम् (accusative singular)
तपनौ (accusative dual)
तपना1 (accusative dual)
तपनान् (accusative plural)
तपनेन (instrumental singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तपनैः (instrumental plural)
तपनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तपनाय (dative singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तपनेभ्यः (dative plural)
तपनात् (ablative singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तपनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तपनस्य (genitive singular)
तपनयोः (dual genitive)
तपनानाम् (genitive plural)
तपने (locative singular)
तपनयोः (dual locative)
तपनेषु (locative plural)


तपन

tapaná (romanization)
तप् (root)
तपनम् (nominative singular)
तपने (dual nominative)
तपनानि (nominative plural)
तपना1 (nominative plural)
तपन (singular vocative)
तपने (dual vocative)
तपनानि (plural vocative)
तपना1 (plural vocative)
तपनम् (accusative singular)
तपने (accusative dual)
तपनानि (accusative plural)
तपना1 (accusative plural)
तपनेन (instrumental singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तपनैः (instrumental plural)
तपनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तपनाय (dative singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तपनेभ्यः (dative plural)
तपनात् (ablative singular)
तपनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तपनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तपनस्य (genitive singular)
तपनयोः (dual genitive)
तपनानाम् (genitive plural)
तपने (locative singular)
तपनयोः (dual locative)
तपनेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Kashmiri: تَوِن (tavin), تَویُنُ (tavyunu)

Pali: tapan

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀯𑀡 (tavaṇa), 𑀢𑀯𑀡𑀸 (tavaṇā), 𑀢𑀯𑀡𑀻 (tavaṇī)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: tawanī, taunī

Hindi: तवनी, तौनी

Hindi: तवनी, तौनी

Urdu: تَوَنِی (tavanī), تَونِی (taunī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ތަވާ (tavā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: તમેણ (tameṇ)


क्रतु

क्रतु ॑ (canonical)
krátu (romanization)
क्रतुः (nominative singular)
क्रतू (dual nominative)
क्रतवः (nominative plural)
क्रतो (singular vocative)
क्रतू (dual vocative)
क्रतवः (plural vocative)
क्रतुम् (accusative singular)
क्रतू (accusative dual)
क्रतून् (accusative plural)
क्रतुना (instrumental singular)
क्रत्वा1 (instrumental singular)
क्रतुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रतुभिः (instrumental plural)
क्रतवे (dative singular)
क्रत्वे1 (dative singular)
क्रतुभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रतुभ्यः (dative plural)
क्रतोः (ablative singular)
क्रत्वः1 (ablative singular)
क्रतुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रतुभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रतोः (genitive singular)
क्रत्वः1 (genitive singular)
क्रत्वोः (dual genitive)
क्रतूनाम् (genitive plural)
क्रतौ (locative singular)
क्रत्वोः (dual locative)
क्रतुषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kret-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš
Sanskrit क्रतु॑ (krátu)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *krátuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krátuš, from Proto-Indo-European *krétus, from *kret- (“insight, intelligence”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus).

etymon

क्रतु॑

अति नः सश्चतो नय सुगा नः सुपथा कृणु।
पूषन्निह क्रतुं विदः॥
ati naḥ saścato naya sugā naḥ supathā kṛṇu.
pūṣanniha kratuṃ vidaḥ.
Past all pursuers lead us, make pleasant our path and fair to tread:


भास्

bhā́s (romanization)
bháas (metrically)
भाः (nominative singular)
भासी (dual nominative)
भांसि (nominative plural)
भाः (singular vocative)
भासी (dual vocative)
भांसि (plural vocative)
भाः (accusative singular)
भासी (accusative dual)
भांसि (accusative plural)
भासा (instrumental singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भाद्भिः (instrumental plural)
भासे (dative singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
भाद्भ्यः (dative plural)
भासः (ablative singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
भाद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
भासः (genitive singular)
भासोः (dual genitive)
भासाम् (genitive plural)
भासि (locative singular)
भासोः (dual locative)
भाःसु (locative plural)
भाः (nominative singular)
भासौ (dual nominative)
भासा1 (dual nominative)
भासः (nominative plural)
भाः (singular vocative)
भासौ (dual vocative)
भासा1 (dual vocative)
भासः (plural vocative)
भासम् (accusative singular)
भासौ (accusative dual)
भासा1 (accusative dual)
भासः (accusative plural)
भासा (instrumental singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भाद्भिः (instrumental plural)
भासे (dative singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
भाद्भ्यः (dative plural)
भासः (ablative singular)
भाद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
भाद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
भासः (genitive singular)
भासोः (dual genitive)
भासाम् (genitive plural)
भासि (locative singular)
भासोः (dual locative)
भाःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰáHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáHas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “radiance, light”) (whence English photo-, phosphorus), and possibly Latin (iu)bar, Old English basu (“purple”).


मरुभूमि

marubhūmi (romanization)
मरुभूमिः (nominative singular)
मरुभूमी (dual nominative)
मरुभूमयः (nominative plural)
मरुभूमे (singular vocative)
मरुभूमी (dual vocative)
मरुभूमयः (plural vocative)
मरुभूमिम् (accusative singular)
मरुभूमी (accusative dual)
मरुभूमीः (accusative plural)
मरुभूम्या (instrumental singular)
मरुभूमी1 (instrumental singular)
मरुभूमिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मरुभूमिभिः (instrumental plural)
मरुभूमये (dative singular)
मरुभूम्यै2 (dative singular)
मरुभूमी1 (dative singular)
मरुभूमिभ्याम् (dative dual)
मरुभूमिभ्यः (dative plural)
मरुभूमेः (ablative singular)
मरुभूम्याः2 (ablative singular)
मरुभूम्यै3 (ablative singular)
मरुभूमिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मरुभूमिभ्यः (ablative plural)
मरुभूमेः (genitive singular)
मरुभूम्याः2 (genitive singular)
मरुभूम्यै3 (genitive singular)
मरुभूम्योः (dual genitive)
मरुभूमीणाम् (genitive plural)
मरुभूमौ (locative singular)
मरुभूम्याम्2 (locative singular)
मरुभूमा1 (locative singular)
मरुभूम्योः (dual locative)
मरुभूमिषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मरुभूमि (marubhūmi)

→ Nepali: मरुभूमि (marubhūmi)

→ Kannada: ಮರುಭೂಮಿ (marubhūmi)

Compound of मरु (marú, “desert”) + भूमि (bhū́mi, “land”).

com+

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


आलोचना

→ Bengali: আলোচনা (alōcona)

→ Hindi: आलोचना (ālocnā)

→ Kannada: ಆಲೋಚನೆ (ālōcane)

→ Malayalam: ആലോചന (ālōcana)

→ Tamil: ஆலோசனை (ālōcaṉai)

/ɑːˈl̪oː.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɑː/

Feminine of आलोचन (ālocana), from आ- (ā-) + लोचन (locana), literally “seeing”.


प्रमोद

(with जैनs) joy as exhibited in the virtuous

Pleasure personified. (as a child of ब्रह्मा.)

the 4th year in a 60 years' cycle of Jupiter


जर्तु

jartu (romanization)
जर्तुः (nominative singular)
जर्तू (dual nominative)
जर्तवः (nominative plural)
जर्तो (singular vocative)
जर्तू (dual vocative)
जर्तवः (plural vocative)
जर्तुम् (accusative singular)
जर्तू (accusative dual)
जर्तून् (accusative plural)
जर्तुना (instrumental singular)
जर्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जर्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जर्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
जर्तवे (dative singular)
जर्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जर्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
जर्तोः (ablative singular)
जर्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जर्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जर्तोः (genitive singular)
जर्त्वोः (dual genitive)
जर्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
जर्तौ (locative singular)
जर्त्वोः (dual locative)
जर्तुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵelt- (“womb”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kelþaz (“womb; fetus”), whence English child.


पद्धति

paddhati (romanization)
पद्धतिः (nominative singular)
पद्धती (dual nominative)
पद्धतयः (nominative plural)
पद्धते (singular vocative)
पद्धती (dual vocative)
पद्धतयः (plural vocative)
पद्धतिम् (accusative singular)
पद्धती (accusative dual)
पद्धतीः (accusative plural)
पद्धत्या (instrumental singular)
पद्धती1 (instrumental singular)
पद्धतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्धतिभिः (instrumental plural)
पद्धतये (dative singular)
पद्धत्यै2 (dative singular)
पद्धती1 (dative singular)
पद्धतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्धतिभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्धतेः (ablative singular)
पद्धत्याः2 (ablative singular)
पद्धत्यै3 (ablative singular)
पद्धतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्धतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्धतेः (genitive singular)
पद्धत्याः2 (genitive singular)
पद्धत्यै3 (genitive singular)
पद्धत्योः (dual genitive)
पद्धतीनाम् (genitive plural)
पद्धतौ (locative singular)
पद्धत्याम्2 (locative singular)
पद्धता1 (locative singular)
पद्धत्योः (dual locative)
पद्धतिषु (locative plural)

पद् (pad, “foot”) + हति (hati, “stroke, blow”), with internal sandhi of the ह (ha).

com

a "foot-stroke", a way, path, course, line

name of a class of writings (described as guidebooks or manuals for particular rites and ceremonies and the texts relating to them) and of several works


शतम्

accusative singular masculine of शत (śata)


हट्ट

desc

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝 m (haṭṭa), 𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀻 f (haṭṭī)

Assamese: হাট (hat)

Middle Bengali: হাট (haṭ)

Bengali: হাট (haṭ)

Chhattisgarhi: हाट (hāṭ)

Gojri: ہَٹ (haṭ), ہَٹِی (haṭī)

Gujarati: હાટ (hāṭ)

desctree

Old Hindi: हाट (hāṭa)
Braj: हाट (hāṭ)
Bundeli: हाट (hāṭ)
Hindustani: hāṭ
Hindi: हाट
Urdu: ہَاٹ (hāṭ)

Maithili: hāṭ

Devanagari script: हाट

Tirhuta script: 𑒯𑒰𑒙

Malvi: हाट (hāṭ)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: हाट (hāṭ)

Mahajani script: 𑅱𑅞 (hṭ)

Old Marathi: hāṭa

Devanagari script: हाट

Modi script: 𑘮𑘰𑘘

Nepali: हाट (hāṭ)

Odia: ହାଟ (hāṭa)

Old Punjabi: ਹਟੁ (haṭu /haṭṭu/), ਹਾਟੁ (hāṭu)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਟ (haṭṭa)
Shahmukhi script: ہَٹّ (haṭṭ)

Saraiki: ہَٹّ (haṭṭ), ہَٹّی (haṭṭī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: هَٽُ, هَٽيِ

Devanagari script: हटु, हटी

Khudabadi script: 𑋞𑋆𑋣 (haṭu), 𑋞𑋆𑋢 (haṭī)

Of uncertain origin.
Probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-Aryan language, though Mayrhofer is skeptical of the specific borrowing being from Middle Kannada ಹಟ್ಟ (haṭṭa, “a (movable) market”). Alternative theories link the word to the root हृ (hṛ, “to take”).

cog

(cf. अट्ट (aṭṭa)) a market, fair (Pañcat. Vet.)


अभिप्राय

Hindi: अभिप्राय (abhiprāy)

→ Tocharian B: abhiprāy


डाल

ḍāla (romanization)
डालः (nominative singular)
डालौ (dual nominative)
डाला1 (dual nominative)
डालाः (nominative plural)
डालासः1 (nominative plural)
डाल (singular vocative)
डालौ (dual vocative)
डाला1 (dual vocative)
डालाः (plural vocative)
डालासः1 (plural vocative)
डालम् (accusative singular)
डालौ (accusative dual)
डाला1 (accusative dual)
डालान् (accusative plural)
डालेन (instrumental singular)
डालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
डालैः (instrumental plural)
डालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
डालाय (dative singular)
डालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
डालेभ्यः (dative plural)
डालात् (ablative singular)
डालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
डालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
डालस्य (genitive singular)
डालयोः (dual genitive)
डालानाम् (genitive plural)
डाले (locative singular)
डालयोः (dual locative)
डालेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin. Kuiper and Turner derive the word from a Munda language. However, Mayrhofer considers it more likely that the word arose from a "spontaneous" retroflexion of दल् (dal, “to split”) in Middle Indic.


रंहति

raṃhati (romanization)
रंहतिः (nominative singular)
रंहती (dual nominative)
रंहतयः (nominative plural)
रंहते (singular vocative)
रंहती (dual vocative)
रंहतयः (plural vocative)
रंहतिम् (accusative singular)
रंहती (accusative dual)
रंहतीः (accusative plural)
रंहत्या (instrumental singular)
रंहती1 (instrumental singular)
रंहतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रंहतिभिः (instrumental plural)
रंहतये (dative singular)
रंहत्यै2 (dative singular)
रंहती1 (dative singular)
रंहतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
रंहतिभ्यः (dative plural)
रंहतेः (ablative singular)
रंहत्याः2 (ablative singular)
रंहत्यै3 (ablative singular)
रंहतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रंहतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
रंहतेः (genitive singular)
रंहत्याः2 (genitive singular)
रंहत्यै3 (genitive singular)
रंहत्योः (dual genitive)
रंहतीनाम् (genitive plural)
रंहतौ (locative singular)
रंहत्याम्2 (locative singular)
रंहता1 (locative singular)
रंहत्योः (dual locative)
रंहतिषु (locative plural)

/ɾɐ̃́.ɦɐ.ti/

/ˈɾɐ̃.ɦɐ.t̪i/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hránźʰati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hránǰʰati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léngʷʰeti, from *h₁lengʷʰ- (“lightweight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rəṇjaⁱti), English light and Ancient Greek ἐλᾰ́χιστος (elắkhistos).


सामग्री

sāmagrī (romanization)
सामग्री (nominative singular)
सामग्र्यौ (dual nominative)
सामग्री1 (dual nominative)
सामग्र्यः (nominative plural)
सामग्रीः1 (nominative plural)
सामग्रि (singular vocative)
सामग्र्यौ (dual vocative)
सामग्री1 (dual vocative)
सामग्र्यः (plural vocative)
सामग्रीः1 (plural vocative)
सामग्रीम् (accusative singular)
सामग्र्यौ (accusative dual)
सामग्री1 (accusative dual)
सामग्रीः (accusative plural)
सामग्र्या (instrumental singular)
सामग्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सामग्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
सामग्र्यै (dative singular)
सामग्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सामग्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
सामग्र्याः (ablative singular)
सामग्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
सामग्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सामग्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सामग्र्याः (genitive singular)
सामग्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
सामग्र्योः (dual genitive)
सामग्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
सामग्र्याम् (locative singular)
सामग्र्योः (dual locative)
सामग्रीषु (locative plural)

/s̪ɑːˈmɐɡ.ɾiː/

totality, entirety, completeness, esp. a complete collection or assemblage of implements or materials, apparatus, baggage, goods and chattels, furniture, effects


लक्षण

lakṣaṇa (romanization)
लक्षणम् (nominative singular)
लक्षणे (dual nominative)
लक्षणानि (nominative plural)
लक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
लक्षण (singular vocative)
लक्षणे (dual vocative)
लक्षणानि (plural vocative)
लक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
लक्षणम् (accusative singular)
लक्षणे (accusative dual)
लक्षणानि (accusative plural)
लक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
लक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
लक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
लक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लक्षणाय (dative singular)
लक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
लक्षणात् (ablative singular)
लक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
लक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
लक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
लक्षणे (locative singular)
लक्षणयोः (dual locative)
लक्षणेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: lakkhaṇa
→ Burmese: လက္ခဏာ (lakhka.na)
→ Thai: ลักขณะ

Prakrit:

Bengali: লাখান (lakhan)

Punjabi: ਲੱਖਣ (lakkhaṇ), ਲੱਛਣ (lacchaṇ)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀇𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀡𑀫𑁆 (ilakkaṇam)
Tamil: இலக்கணம் (ilakkaṇam)
Malayalam: ഇലക്കണം (ilakkaṇaṁ)

→ Bhojpuri: लच्छन (lacchan)

→ Sindhi: लच्छण

→ Hindi: लक्षण (lakṣaṇ)

→ Indonesian: laksana

→ Magahi: 𑂪𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂢 (lacchan)

→ Old Javanese: lakṣaṇa
> Javanese: ꦭꦏ꧀ꦱꦤ (laksana) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬮᬓ᭄ᬱᬡ (laksana)
→ Indonesian: laksana (learned)

desc

→ Tamil: லக்ஷணம் (lakṣaṇam), லட்சணம் (laṭcaṇam), இலட்சணம் (ilaṭcaṇam)

→ Thai: ลักษณะ (lák-sà-nà)

/ˈl̪ɐk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

a mark on the body (especially a lucky or auspicious one)


अवसर

avasara (romanization)
अवसरः (nominative singular)
अवसरौ (dual nominative)
अवसराः (nominative plural)
अवसर (singular vocative)
अवसरौ (dual vocative)
अवसराः (plural vocative)
अवसरम् (accusative singular)
अवसरौ (accusative dual)
अवसरान् (accusative plural)
अवसरेण (instrumental singular)
अवसराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवसरैः (instrumental plural)
अवसराय (dative singular)
अवसराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवसरेभ्यः (dative plural)
अवसरात् (ablative singular)
अवसराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवसरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवसरस्य (genitive singular)
अवसरयोः (dual genitive)
अवसराणाम् (genitive plural)
अवसरे (locative singular)
अवसरयोः (dual locative)
अवसरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.ʋɐ.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Compound of अव- (ava-, “down”) + सर (sara, “runner”).

com+

seasonableness, appropriate place for anything


मात्र

mātra (romanization)
मात्रम् (nominative singular)
मात्रे (dual nominative)
मात्राणि (nominative plural)
मात्रा1 (nominative plural)
मात्र (singular vocative)
मात्रे (dual vocative)
मात्राणि (plural vocative)
मात्रा1 (plural vocative)
मात्रम् (accusative singular)
मात्रे (accusative dual)
मात्राणि (accusative plural)
मात्रा1 (accusative plural)
मात्रेण (instrumental singular)
मात्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मात्रैः (instrumental plural)
मात्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मात्राय (dative singular)
मात्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मात्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मात्रात् (ablative singular)
मात्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मात्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मात्रस्य (genitive singular)
मात्रयोः (dual genitive)
मात्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मात्रे (locative singular)
मात्रयोः (dual locative)
मात्रेषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mā́tram, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁-tro-m, from *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron), hence English metre.

inh+

measure, quantity, sum, size, duration, a measure of any kind

the full or simple measure of anything, the whole or totality, the one thing and no more, often = nothing but, entirely, only


श्रोमत

śrómata (romanization)
श्रोमतम् (nominative singular)
श्रोमते (dual nominative)
श्रोमतानि (nominative plural)
श्रोमता1 (nominative plural)
श्रोमत (singular vocative)
श्रोमते (dual vocative)
श्रोमतानि (plural vocative)
श्रोमता1 (plural vocative)
श्रोमतम् (accusative singular)
श्रोमते (accusative dual)
श्रोमतानि (accusative plural)
श्रोमता1 (accusative plural)
श्रोमतेन (instrumental singular)
श्रोमताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रोमतैः (instrumental plural)
श्रोमतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्रोमताय (dative singular)
श्रोमताभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रोमतेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रोमतात् (ablative singular)
श्रोमताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रोमतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रोमतस्य (genitive singular)
श्रोमतयोः (dual genitive)
श्रोमतानाम् (genitive plural)
श्रोमते (locative singular)
श्रोमतयोः (dual locative)
श्रोमतेषु (locative plural)

/ˈɕɾoː.mɐ.t̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱléw-mn̥-tom (“fame”), from *ḱlew-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hleumundaz (“reputation; fame”) (whence German Leumund (“reputation”)).

cog

नृवत्त इन्द्र नृतमाभिरूती वंसीमहि वामं श्रोमतेभिः ।
ईक्षे हि वस्व उभयस्य राजन्धा रत्नं महि स्थूरं बृहन्तम् ॥
nṛvatta indra nṛtamābhirūtī vaṃsīmahi vāmaṃ śromatebhiḥ.

With most heroic aid from thee, like heroes Indra, may we win wealth by glories.
Thou, King, art Lord of earthly, heavenly treasure: vouchsafe us riches vast, sublime, and lasting.

īkṣe hi vasva ubhayasya rājandhā ratnaṃ mahi sthūraṃ bṛhantam.


मत्तेभविक्रीडित

sa-noun

मत्तेभविक्रीडित • (mattebhavikrīḍita) stem, n

desc

మత్తేభవిక్రీడితము

→ Telugu: మత్తేభవిక్రీడితము (mattēbhavikrīḍitamu)


घोट

desctree

⇒ Sanskrit: घोटक (ghoṭaka)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Fiji Hindi: ghorra
Magadhi Prakrit:
Early Assamese: ঘোড়া (ghöṛa)
Assamese: ঘোঁৰা (ghü̃ra)
Bengali: ঘোড়া (ghōṛa)
Odia: ଘୋଡ଼ା (ghoṛā)
Rohingya: gúra
Sylheti: ꠊꠥꠠꠣ (gúṛa)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: घोडो (ghoḍô)
Old Marathi: 𑘑𑘻𑘚𑘳 (ghoḍu)
Marathi: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑁄𑀟𑀕 (ghoḍaga)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: ઘોડો (ghoḍo)
Marwari: घोड़ौ (ghoṛau)
Saurashtra: ꢕꣁꢞꣁ (ghoḍo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: घोड़ा (ghoṛā)
Urdu: گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Nepali: घोडा (ghoḍā)
Punjabi: ਘੋੜਾ (ghoṛā) / گھوڑا (ghoṛā)
Romani: khuro
Sindhi: گهوڙو / घोड़ो (ghoṛo)
→ Old Javanese: kuda
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢ (kuda) (inherited)
>? Malay: kuda (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kutiray (“horse”). Compare घुट् (ghuṭ).


पूर्ति

pūrti (romanization)
पूर्तिः (nominative singular)
पूर्ती (dual nominative)
पूर्तयः (nominative plural)
पूर्ते (singular vocative)
पूर्ती (dual vocative)
पूर्तयः (plural vocative)
पूर्तिम् (accusative singular)
पूर्ती (accusative dual)
पूर्तीः (accusative plural)
पूर्त्या (instrumental singular)
पूर्ती1 (instrumental singular)
पूर्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूर्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
पूर्तये (dative singular)
पूर्त्यै2 (dative singular)
पूर्ती1 (dative singular)
पूर्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूर्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
पूर्तेः (ablative singular)
पूर्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
पूर्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
पूर्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूर्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूर्तेः (genitive singular)
पूर्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
पूर्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
पूर्त्योः (dual genitive)
पूर्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
पूर्तौ (locative singular)
पूर्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
पूर्ता1 (locative singular)
पूर्त्योः (dual locative)
पूर्तिषु (locative plural)


श्वास

śvāsa (romanization)
श्वासः (nominative singular)
श्वासौ (dual nominative)
श्वासा1 (dual nominative)
श्वासाः (nominative plural)
श्वासासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वास (singular vocative)
श्वासौ (dual vocative)
श्वासा1 (dual vocative)
श्वासाः (plural vocative)
श्वासासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वासम् (accusative singular)
श्वासौ (accusative dual)
श्वासा1 (accusative dual)
श्वासान् (accusative plural)
श्वासेन (instrumental singular)
श्वासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वासैः (instrumental plural)
श्वासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वासाय (dative singular)
श्वासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वासेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वासात् (ablative singular)
श्वासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वासस्य (genitive singular)
श्वासयोः (dual genitive)
श्वासानाम् (genitive plural)
श्वासे (locative singular)
श्वासयोः (dual locative)
श्वासेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kamkata-viri: sāh

Kashmiri: شَاہ, ہَاہ

Shina: سا (sā)

Torwali: sā

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: sā

Pali: sāsa

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
Central:
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
Awadhi: साँस (sā̃s)
Old Gujarati:
Gujarati: સાસ (sās), હાંસ (hā̃s)
Marwari: सा (sā), सास (sās), सासा (sāsā)
Hindustani: sāns
Hindi: सांस, साँस
Urdu: سانس
Eastern:
Magadhi Prakrit:
Odia: ସାସ (sāsa)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: साँस (sā̃s)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: सास (sās)
Kumaoni: सास (sās)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: सास (sās)
Southern:
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀲 (sāsa)
Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘻𑘭 / सोस (sosa)
Western:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Punjabi: sāh
Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਹ
Shahmukhi script: سَاہ
Lahnda:
Southern Hindko: ساہ (sāh)
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: sāhu
Arabic script: سَاهُ
Devanagari script: साहु
Jadgali: [script needed] (śāh)

→ Assamese: শ্বাস (sax) (learned)

→ Bengali: শ্বাস (śśaś) (learned)

→ Dhivehi: ހުވާސް (huvās) (learned)

→ Hindi: श्वास (śvās) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಶ್ವಾಸ (śvāsa)

→ Konkani: श्वास (śvās) (learned)

→ Marathi: श्वास (śvās) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਸ੍ਵਾਸ (svās) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: ශ්වාස (śwāsa) (learned)

→ Tamil: சுவாசம் (cuvācam) (learned)

→ Telugu: శ్వాస (śvāsa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwos-ó-s, from *ḱwes- (“to pant, puff, sigh”). Cognate with Pashto ساه (sāh, “breath, blow, puff, soul, spirit, essence”), Baluchi ساہ (sáh, “breath, blow, essence”), Latin queror. Compare also English quarrel, wheeze, from Latin and Old Norse, respectively.


वक्त्र

vaktra (romanization)
वक्त्रम् (nominative singular)
वक्त्रे (dual nominative)
वक्त्राणि (nominative plural)
वक्त्रा1 (nominative plural)
वक्त्र (singular vocative)
वक्त्रे (dual vocative)
वक्त्राणि (plural vocative)
वक्त्रा1 (plural vocative)
वक्त्रम् (accusative singular)
वक्त्रे (accusative dual)
वक्त्राणि (accusative plural)
वक्त्रा1 (accusative plural)
वक्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
वक्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वक्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
वक्त्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वक्त्राय (dative singular)
वक्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वक्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वक्त्रात् (ablative singular)
वक्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वक्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वक्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
वक्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
वक्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वक्त्रे (locative singular)
वक्त्रयोः (dual locative)
वक्त्रेषु (locative plural)

→ Telugu: వక్త్రము (vaktramu)

[ˈʋɐk̚.t̪ɾɐ]

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wáktram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáktram, from Proto-Indo-European *wókʷtlom (“mouth”), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *woxtlom (whence Old Irish focul, Irish focal, Manx fockle, Scottish Gaelic facal).


शिक्षण

śikṣaṇa (romanization)
शिक्षणम् (nominative singular)
शिक्षणे (dual nominative)
शिक्षणानि (nominative plural)
शिक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
शिक्षण (singular vocative)
शिक्षणे (dual vocative)
शिक्षणानि (plural vocative)
शिक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
शिक्षणम् (accusative singular)
शिक्षणे (accusative dual)
शिक्षणानि (accusative plural)
शिक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
शिक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
शिक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शिक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
शिक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शिक्षणाय (dative singular)
शिक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शिक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शिक्षणात् (ablative singular)
शिक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शिक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शिक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
शिक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
शिक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
शिक्षणे (locative singular)
शिक्षणयोः (dual locative)
शिक्षणेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: शिक्षण (śikṣaṇ) (learned)

→ Konkani: शिक्षण (śikṣaṇ) (learned)

→ Marathi: शिक्षण (śikṣaṇ) (learned)

/ˈɕik.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

education, instruction, teaching in [with locative]


शाणा

śāṇā (romanization)
शाण (masculine)
शाणा (nominative singular)
शाणे (dual nominative)
शाणाः (nominative plural)
शाणे (singular vocative)
शाणे (dual vocative)
शाणाः (plural vocative)
शाणाम् (accusative singular)
शाणे (accusative dual)
शाणाः (accusative plural)
शाणया (instrumental singular)
शाणा1 (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणाभिः (instrumental plural)
शाणायै (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणाभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणायाः (ablative singular)
शाणायै2 (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणाभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणायाः (genitive singular)
शाणायै2 (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणायाम् (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणासु (locative plural)


स्वामिन्

sa-noun

स्वामिन् • (svāmín) stem, m (feminine स्वामिनी)

svāmín (romanization)
स्वामिनी (feminine)
स्वामी (nominative singular)
स्वामिनौ (dual nominative)
स्वामिना1 (dual nominative)
स्वामिनः (nominative plural)
स्वामिन् (singular vocative)
स्वामिनौ (dual vocative)
स्वामिना1 (dual vocative)
स्वामिनः (plural vocative)
स्वामिनम् (accusative singular)
स्वामिनौ (accusative dual)
स्वामिना1 (accusative dual)
स्वामिनः (accusative plural)
स्वामिना (instrumental singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वामिभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वामिने (dative singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वामिभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वामिनः (ablative singular)
स्वामिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वामिभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वामिनः (genitive singular)
स्वामिनोः (dual genitive)
स्वामिनाम् (genitive plural)
स्वामिनि (locative singular)
स्वामिनोः (dual locative)
स्वामिषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: sāmin, sāmiya, suvāmin
→ Tamil: சாமி (cāmi)
→ Khmer: សាមី (saaməy) (learned)
→ Lü: ᦉᦱᦙᦲ (ṡaamii) (learned)
→ Malay: sami (learned)
Indonesian: sami
→ Thai: สามี (sǎa-mii) (learned); → สมี (sà-mǐi) (learned)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀁𑀇 (sāṃi)

Hindustani:

Hindi: साँई (sā̃ī)

Marathi: साई (sāī)

Middle Bengali: সাঞি (śãi)

Bengali: সাঁই (śãi)

desc

→ Bengali: সোয়ামি (śoami) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: স্বামী (śami) (learned)

desctree

→ Hindi: स्वामी (svāmī) (learned)
→ English: swami
→ Malay: suami

→ Malay: suami (learned)

Indonesian: suami

→ Tamil: சுவாமி (cuvāmi) (learned)

→ Telugu: స్వామి (svāmi) (learned)

→ Thai: สวามี (sà-wǎa-mii) (learned)

From स्व (sva, “(one's) own”) + -मिन् (-min).

an owner, proprietor, master, lord or owner of (genitive, locative, or comp.) (Mn. MBh. &c)

a chief, commander (of an army) (Vikr. Subh.)

a husband, lover (dual "husband and wife") (Āpast. Mn. MBh. &c)

a king, prince (in drama used as a form of address, same as देव (deva))

a spiritual, preceptor, learned Brahman or Pandit (used as a title)

श्रीदर श्रीदर#Sanskrit

विष्णु-सेव् विष्णु-सेव्#Sanskrit

the image or temple of a god (often ifc. » श्रीदर (śrīdara), विष्णु-सेव् (viṣṇu-sev) &c.)

स्कन्द स्कन्द#Sanskrit

a name (Yājñ. L. Cat.)
name of स्कन्द (skanda)

विष्णु विष्णु#Sanskrit

a name (Yājñ. L. Cat.)
name of विष्णु (viṣṇu)

a name (Yājñ. L. Cat.)
name of शिव (śiva)

a name (Yājñ. L. Cat.)
name of गरुड (garuḍa)

मुनि वात्स्यायन
मुनि वात्स्यायन#Sanskrit

name of the मुनि वात्स्यायन (muni vātsyāyana)

अर्हत् अर्हत्#Sanskrit

उत्सर्पिणी उत्सर्पिणी#Sanskrit

name of the 11th अर्हत् (arhat) of the past उत्सर्पिणी (utsarpiṇī)

a name (Yājñ. L. Cat.)
name of various authors


अनुनासिक

anunāsika (romanization)
अनुनासिकम् (nominative singular)
अनुनासिके (dual nominative)
अनुनासिकानि (nominative plural)
अनुनासिका1 (nominative plural)
अनुनासिक (singular vocative)
अनुनासिके (dual vocative)
अनुनासिकानि (plural vocative)
अनुनासिका1 (plural vocative)
अनुनासिकम् (accusative singular)
अनुनासिके (accusative dual)
अनुनासिकानि (accusative plural)
अनुनासिका1 (accusative plural)
अनुनासिकेन (instrumental singular)
अनुनासिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनुनासिकैः (instrumental plural)
अनुनासिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अनुनासिकाय (dative singular)
अनुनासिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनुनासिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
अनुनासिकात् (ablative singular)
अनुनासिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनुनासिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनुनासिकस्य (genitive singular)
अनुनासिकयोः (dual genitive)
अनुनासिकानाम् (genitive plural)
अनुनासिके (locative singular)
अनुनासिकयोः (dual locative)
अनुनासिकेषु (locative plural)


इषु

íṣu (romanization)
इषुः (nominative singular)
इषू (dual nominative)
इषवः (nominative plural)
इषो (singular vocative)
इषू (dual vocative)
इषवः (plural vocative)
इषुम् (accusative singular)
इषू (accusative dual)
इषून् (accusative plural)
इषुणा (instrumental singular)
इष्वा1 (instrumental singular)
इषुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इषुभिः (instrumental plural)
इषवे (dative singular)
इष्वे1 (dative singular)
इषुभ्याम् (dative dual)
इषुभ्यः (dative plural)
इषोः (ablative singular)
इष्वः1 (ablative singular)
इषुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इषुभ्यः (ablative plural)
इषोः (genitive singular)
इष्वः1 (genitive singular)
इष्वोः (dual genitive)
इषूणाम् (genitive plural)
इषौ (locative singular)
इष्वोः (dual locative)
इषुषु (locative plural)

→ Malayalam: ഇഷു (iṣu)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)íšuš (“arrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)ísus (“arrow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬎 (išu, “arrow”), Ancient Greek ἰός (iós, “arrow”).

inh+

इषु॒र्न श्रि॒य इ॑षु॒धेर॑स॒ना गो॒षाः श॑त॒सा न रंहिः॑ ।
अ॒वीरे॒ क्रतौ॒ वि द॑विद्युत॒न्नोरा॒ न मा॒युं चि॑तयन्त॒ धुन॑यः ॥
íṣurná śriyá iṣudhérasanā́ goṣā́ḥ śatasā́ ná ráṃhiḥ.

Like a shaft sent for glory from the quiver, or swift-steed winning cattle winning hundreds.
The lightning seemed to flash, as cowards planned it. The minstrels bleated like a lamb in trouble.

avī́re krátau ví davidyutannórā ná māyúṃ citayanta dhúnayaḥ.

नम॑स्ते रुद्र म॒न्यव॑ उ॒तोत॒ इष॑वे॒ नमः॑ ।
नम॑स्ते अस्तु॒ धन्व॑ने बा॒हुभ्या॑मु॒त ते॒ नमः॑ ॥
námaste rudra manyáva utóta íṣave námaḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.1

Homage to thy wrath, O Rudra, to thine arrow homage also;
Homage to thy bow,
And homage to thine arms.

námaste astu dhánvane bāhúbhyāmutá te námaḥ.


झाट

jhāṭa (romanization)
झाटः (nominative singular)
झाटौ (dual nominative)
झाटाः (nominative plural)
झाट (singular vocative)
झाटौ (dual vocative)
झाटाः (plural vocative)
झाटम् (accusative singular)
झाटौ (accusative dual)
झाटान् (accusative plural)
झाटेन (instrumental singular)
झाटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
झाटैः (instrumental plural)
झाटाय (dative singular)
झाटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
झाटेभ्यः (dative plural)
झाटात् (ablative singular)
झाटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
झाटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
झाटस्य (genitive singular)
झाटयोः (dual genitive)
झाटानाम् (genitive plural)
झाटे (locative singular)
झाटयोः (dual locative)
झाटेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of झाट

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: ঝাড় (jhaṛ)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀛𑀸𑀟 (jhāḍa)

Marathi: झाड (jhāḍ)

Konkani: झाड (jhāḍ)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀛𑀸𑀟 (jhāḍa)

Gujarati: ઝાડ (jhāḍ)

Hindi: झाड़ (jhāṛ)

/ˈd͡ʑʱɑː.ʈɐ/


छेदि

chédi (romanization)
छेदिः (nominative singular)
छेदी (dual nominative)
छेदयः (nominative plural)
छेदे (singular vocative)
छेदी (dual vocative)
छेदयः (plural vocative)
छेदिम् (accusative singular)
छेदी (accusative dual)
छेदीन् (accusative plural)
छेदिना (instrumental singular)
छेद्या1 (instrumental singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छेदिभिः (instrumental plural)
छेदये (dative singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (dative dual)
छेदिभ्यः (dative plural)
छेदेः (ablative singular)
छेद्यः1 (ablative singular)
छेदिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छेदिभ्यः (ablative plural)
छेदेः (genitive singular)
छेद्यः1 (genitive singular)
छेद्योः (dual genitive)
छेदीनाम् (genitive plural)
छेदौ (locative singular)
छेदा1 (locative singular)
छेद्योः (dual locative)
छेदिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćśáydiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčáydiš, from Proto-Indo-European *skéydt (“cut off”), the aorist of *skeyd- (“to split”). Cognate with Russian цеди́ть (cedítʹ, “to strain, to filter”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō), Latin scindō.


मनन

manána (romanization)
मननम् (nominative singular)
मनने (dual nominative)
मननानि (nominative plural)
मनना1 (nominative plural)
मनन (singular vocative)
मनने (dual vocative)
मननानि (plural vocative)
मनना1 (plural vocative)
मननम् (accusative singular)
मनने (accusative dual)
मननानि (accusative plural)
मनना1 (accusative plural)
मननेन (instrumental singular)
मननाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मननैः (instrumental plural)
मननेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मननाय (dative singular)
मननाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मननेभ्यः (dative plural)
मननात् (ablative singular)
मननाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मननेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मननस्य (genitive singular)
मननयोः (dual genitive)
मननानाम् (genitive plural)
मनने (locative singular)
मननयोः (dual locative)
मननेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: மனனம் (maṉaṉam)

thinking , reflection , meditation , thought , intelligence

understanding ( esp. intrinsic knowledge or science , as one of the faculties connected with the senses


विवाद

vivāda (romanization)
विवादः (nominative singular)
विवादौ (dual nominative)
विवादा1 (dual nominative)
विवादाः (nominative plural)
विवादासः1 (nominative plural)
विवाद (singular vocative)
विवादौ (dual vocative)
विवादा1 (dual vocative)
विवादाः (plural vocative)
विवादासः1 (plural vocative)
विवादम् (accusative singular)
विवादौ (accusative dual)
विवादा1 (accusative dual)
विवादान् (accusative plural)
विवादेन (instrumental singular)
विवादाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विवादैः (instrumental plural)
विवादेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विवादाय (dative singular)
विवादाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विवादेभ्यः (dative plural)
विवादात् (ablative singular)
विवादाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विवादेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विवादस्य (genitive singular)
विवादयोः (dual genitive)
विवादानाम् (genitive plural)
विवादे (locative singular)
विवादयोः (dual locative)
विवादेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বিবাদ (bibad)

/ʋiˈʋɑː.d̪ɐ/

वि (vi, “off, away”) + वाद (vāda, “speech”)


ताल

tāla (romanization)
तालः (nominative singular)
तालौ (dual nominative)
ताला1 (dual nominative)
तालाः (nominative plural)
तालासः1 (nominative plural)
ताल (singular vocative)
तालौ (dual vocative)
ताला1 (dual vocative)
तालाः (plural vocative)
तालासः1 (plural vocative)
तालम् (accusative singular)
तालौ (accusative dual)
ताला1 (accusative dual)
तालान् (accusative plural)
तालेन (instrumental singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तालैः (instrumental plural)
तालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तालाय (dative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तालेभ्यः (dative plural)
तालात् (ablative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तालस्य (genitive singular)
तालयोः (dual genitive)
तालानाम् (genitive plural)
ताले (locative singular)
तालयोः (dual locative)
तालेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian; ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tāẓ. Compare Kannada ತಾಳೆ (tāḷe, “palmyra or toddy palm”), Telugu తాటి (tāṭi, “of or pertaining to the palmyra tree”).

cog

the palm tree, palmyra tree, or fan palm (Borassus flabelliformis, producing a sort of spirituous liquor)


ताल

tāla (romanization)
तालम् (nominative singular)
ताले (dual nominative)
तालानि (nominative plural)
ताला1 (nominative plural)
ताल (singular vocative)
ताले (dual vocative)
तालानि (plural vocative)
ताला1 (plural vocative)
तालम् (accusative singular)
ताले (accusative dual)
तालानि (accusative plural)
ताला1 (accusative plural)
तालेन (instrumental singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तालैः (instrumental plural)
तालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तालाय (dative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तालेभ्यः (dative plural)
तालात् (ablative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तालस्य (genitive singular)
तालयोः (dual genitive)
तालानाम् (genitive plural)
ताले (locative singular)
तालयोः (dual locative)
तालेषु (locative plural)

Probably from Dravidian; compare Tamil தார் (tār, “garland, chain”). Alternatively, related to ताड (tāḍa) (like Etymology 3).


ताल

→ Malayalam: താളം (tāḷaṁ)

slapping the hands together or against one's arm; clapping


ताल

a span measured by the thumb and the middle finger


ताल

Vṛddhi derivative of तल (tala, “bottom”).


ताल

tāla (romanization)
तालः (nominative singular)
तालौ (dual nominative)
ताला1 (dual nominative)
तालाः (nominative plural)
तालासः1 (nominative plural)
ताल (singular vocative)
तालौ (dual vocative)
ताला1 (dual vocative)
तालाः (plural vocative)
तालासः1 (plural vocative)
तालम् (accusative singular)
तालौ (accusative dual)
ताला1 (accusative dual)
तालान् (accusative plural)
तालेन (instrumental singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तालैः (instrumental plural)
तालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तालाय (dative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तालेभ्यः (dative plural)
तालात् (ablative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तालस्य (genitive singular)
तालयोः (dual genitive)
तालानाम् (genitive plural)
ताले (locative singular)
तालयोः (dual locative)
तालेषु (locative plural)
तालम् (nominative singular)
ताले (dual nominative)
तालानि (nominative plural)
ताला1 (nominative plural)
ताल (singular vocative)
ताले (dual vocative)
तालानि (plural vocative)
ताला1 (plural vocative)
तालम् (accusative singular)
ताले (accusative dual)
तालानि (accusative plural)
ताला1 (accusative plural)
तालेन (instrumental singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तालैः (instrumental plural)
तालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तालाय (dative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तालेभ्यः (dative plural)
तालात् (ablative singular)
तालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तालस्य (genitive singular)
तालयोः (dual genitive)
तालानाम् (genitive plural)
ताले (locative singular)
तालयोः (dual locative)
तालेषु (locative plural)

From ताली (tālī, “a type of ornament”), of Dravidian origin; compare Tamil தாலி (tāli, “neck ornament”), Telugu తాళి (tāḷi, “neck gold”).


द्रोह

droha (romanization)
द्रोहः (nominative singular)
द्रोहौ (dual nominative)
द्रोहा1 (dual nominative)
द्रोहाः (nominative plural)
द्रोहासः1 (nominative plural)
द्रोह (singular vocative)
द्रोहौ (dual vocative)
द्रोहा1 (dual vocative)
द्रोहाः (plural vocative)
द्रोहासः1 (plural vocative)
द्रोहम् (accusative singular)
द्रोहौ (accusative dual)
द्रोहा1 (accusative dual)
द्रोहान् (accusative plural)
द्रोहेण (instrumental singular)
द्रोहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्रोहैः (instrumental plural)
द्रोहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्रोहाय (dative singular)
द्रोहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्रोहेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्रोहात् (ablative singular)
द्रोहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्रोहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्रोहस्य (genitive singular)
द्रोहयोः (dual genitive)
द्रोहाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्रोहे (locative singular)
द्रोहयोः (dual locative)
द्रोहेषु (locative plural)

Pali: doha

→ Kannada: ದ್ರೋಹ (drōha)

→ Malayalam: ദ്രോഹം (drōhaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: drohaka

→ Old Malay: [script needed] (drohaka)

desc

Classical Malay: درهاک (derhaka, durhaka)

Malay: derhaka, durhaka

Indonesian: durhaka

→ Tamil: துரோகம் (turōkam)

→ Telugu: ద్రోహము (drōhamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas (“lie, deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos (“lie”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/), Old Norse draugr. Also related to द्रुह् (druh) and द्रोघ (drogha).

inh

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa

injury, mischief, harm, perfidy, treachery, wrong, offence


सखी

sakhī (romanization)
सखी (nominative singular)
सख्यौ (dual nominative)
सखी1 (dual nominative)
सख्यः (nominative plural)
सखीः1 (nominative plural)
सखि (singular vocative)
सख्यौ (dual vocative)
सखी1 (dual vocative)
सख्यः (plural vocative)
सखीः1 (plural vocative)
सखीम् (accusative singular)
सख्यौ (accusative dual)
सखी1 (accusative dual)
सखीः (accusative plural)
सख्या (instrumental singular)
सखीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सखीभिः (instrumental plural)
सख्यै (dative singular)
सखीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सखीभ्यः (dative plural)
सख्याः (ablative singular)
सख्यै2 (ablative singular)
सखीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सखीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सख्याः (genitive singular)
सख्यै2 (genitive singular)
सख्योः (dual genitive)
सखीनाम् (genitive plural)
सख्याम् (locative singular)
सख्योः (dual locative)
सखीषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: सखी (sakhī) (learned)

→ Tamil: சகி (caki) (learned)


वनस्

vánas (romanization)
वनः (nominative singular)
वनसी (dual nominative)
वनांसि (nominative plural)
वनः (singular vocative)
वनसी (dual vocative)
वनांसि (plural vocative)
वनः (accusative singular)
वनसी (accusative dual)
वनांसि (accusative plural)
वनसा (instrumental singular)
वनोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वनोभिः (instrumental plural)
वनसे (dative singular)
वनोभ्याम् (dative dual)
वनोभ्यः (dative plural)
वनसः (ablative singular)
वनोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वनोभ्यः (ablative plural)
वनसः (genitive singular)
वनसोः (dual genitive)
वनसाम् (genitive plural)
वनसि (locative singular)
वनसोः (dual locative)
वनःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *wénh₁-o-s (“beauty, loveliness”), from *wenh₁- (“to love”). Cognate with Latin venus (“loveliness”), Old English winnan (whence English win).

आ याहि वनसा सह गावः सचन्त वर्तनिं यदूधभिः ॥

With all thy loveliness come: the cows approaching with full udders follow on thy path.

ā yāhi vanasā saha gāvaḥ sacanta vartaniṃ yadūdhabhiḥ.


निष्ठ

Pali: niṭṭhā

Assamese: নিঠ (nith)

Gujarati: નિઠિ (niṭhi)

Hindustani: nīṭh

Hindi: नीठ

Urdu: نِیٹھ

Odia: ନିଠା (niṭhā), ନିଠାଇବା (niṭhāibā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: निष्ठ

Urdu: نِشٹھ

basis, state; intentness; perfection, completion; summit, limit; end, catastrophe, death


प्रशंसा

sa-noun

प्रशंसा • (praśaṃsā) stem, f (root प्रशंस्)

praśaṃsā (romanization)
प्रशंस् (root)
प्रशंसा (nominative singular)
प्रशंसे (dual nominative)
प्रशंसाः (nominative plural)
प्रशंसे (singular vocative)
प्रशंसे (dual vocative)
प्रशंसाः (plural vocative)
प्रशंसाम् (accusative singular)
प्रशंसे (accusative dual)
प्रशंसाः (accusative plural)
प्रशंसया (instrumental singular)
प्रशंसा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रशंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रशंसाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रशंसायै (dative singular)
प्रशंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रशंसाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रशंसायाः (ablative singular)
प्रशंसायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रशंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रशंसाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रशंसायाः (genitive singular)
प्रशंसायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रशंसयोः (dual genitive)
प्रशंसानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रशंसायाम् (locative singular)
प्रशंसयोः (dual locative)
प्रशंसासु (locative plural)

/pɾɐ.ɕɐ̃.sɑː/

/pɾɐˈɕɐ̃.s̪ɑː/

प्र- (pra-) + शंस् (śaṃs) + -आ (-ā), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens-.

Dharmas

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

praise, commendation, fame, glory (with Buddhists one of the 8 worldly conditions)


प्लीहन्

plīhán (romanization)
प्लीहा (nominative singular)
प्लीहानौ (dual nominative)
प्लीहाना1 (dual nominative)
प्लीहानः (nominative plural)
प्लीहन् (singular vocative)
प्लीहानौ (dual vocative)
प्लीहाना1 (dual vocative)
प्लीहानः (plural vocative)
प्लीहानम् (accusative singular)
प्लीहानौ (accusative dual)
प्लीहाना1 (accusative dual)
प्लीह्नः (accusative plural)
प्लीह्ना (instrumental singular)
प्लीहभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्लीहभिः (instrumental plural)
प्लीह्ने (dative singular)
प्लीहभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्लीहभ्यः (dative plural)
प्लीह्नः (ablative singular)
प्लीहभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्लीहभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्लीह्नः (genitive singular)
प्लीह्नोः (dual genitive)
प्लीह्नाम् (genitive plural)
प्लीह्नि (locative singular)
प्लीहनि (locative singular)
प्लीहन्1 (locative singular)
प्लीह्नोः (dual locative)
प्लीहसु (locative plural)

Hindi: फिया (phiyā)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *spliHȷ́ʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pli(H)ǵʰḗn. Cognate with Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn) (whence English spleen), Latin lien, Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬥 (spər^əzan), Old Armenian փայծաղն (pʻaycałn), Russian селезёнка (selezjónka), Lithuanian blužnis, Persian اسپرز (esporz).

हृदयात्ते परि क्लोम्नो हलीक्ष्णात्पार्श्वाभ्याम् ।
यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां प्लीह्नो यक्नस्ते वि वृहामसि ॥
hṛdayātte pari klomno halīkṣṇātpārśvābhyām.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.33.3

Forth from thy heart and from thy lungs, from thy gall-bladder and thy sides,
From kidneys, spleen and liver thy malady we uproot.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ plīhno yaknaste vi vṛhāmasi.

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa


जतु

játu (romanization)
जतु (nominative singular)
जतुनी (dual nominative)
जतूनि (nominative plural)
जतु1 (nominative plural)
जतू1 (nominative plural)
जतु (singular vocative)
जतो (singular vocative)
जतुनी (dual vocative)
जतूनि (plural vocative)
जतु1 (plural vocative)
जतू1 (plural vocative)
जतु (accusative singular)
जतुनी (accusative dual)
जतूनि (accusative plural)
जतु1 (accusative plural)
जतू1 (accusative plural)
जतुना (instrumental singular)
जत्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जतुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जतुभिः (instrumental plural)
जतुने (dative singular)
जतवे1 (dative singular)
जत्वे1 (dative singular)
जतुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जतुभ्यः (dative plural)
जतुनः (ablative singular)
जतोः1 (ablative singular)
जत्वः1 (ablative singular)
जतुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जतुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जतुनः (genitive singular)
जतोः1 (genitive singular)
जत्वः1 (genitive singular)
जतुनोः (dual genitive)
जतूनाम् (genitive plural)
जतुनि (locative singular)
जतौ1 (locative singular)
जतुनोः (dual locative)
जतुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: زَو (zav)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: জউ (jou, “lac”)

Odia: ଜଉ (jau, “lac”)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀉 (jaü)

Pali: jatu

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́átu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰátu, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”).
Cognate with Persian ژد (žad, “gum”), Scottish Gaelic bìth, Gaulish *bitu (whence Latin bitumen), Old English cwidu (whence English cud).


अस्पृश्यता

sa-noun

अस्पृश्यता • (aspṛśyatā) stem, f

aspṛśyatā (romanization)
अस्पृश्यता (nominative singular)
अस्पृश्यते (dual nominative)
अस्पृश्यताः (nominative plural)
अस्पृश्यते (singular vocative)
अस्पृश्यते (dual vocative)
अस्पृश्यताः (plural vocative)
अस्पृश्यताम् (accusative singular)
अस्पृश्यते (accusative dual)
अस्पृश्यताः (accusative plural)
अस्पृश्यतया (instrumental singular)
अस्पृश्यता1 (instrumental singular)
अस्पृश्यताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अस्पृश्यताभिः (instrumental plural)
अस्पृश्यतायै (dative singular)
अस्पृश्यताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अस्पृश्यताभ्यः (dative plural)
अस्पृश्यतायाः (ablative singular)
अस्पृश्यतायै2 (ablative singular)
अस्पृश्यताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अस्पृश्यताभ्यः (ablative plural)
अस्पृश्यतायाः (genitive singular)
अस्पृश्यतायै2 (genitive singular)
अस्पृश्यतयोः (dual genitive)
अस्पृश्यतानाम् (genitive plural)
अस्पृश्यतायाम् (locative singular)
अस्पृश्यतयोः (dual locative)
अस्पृश्यतासु (locative plural)

/ɐs̪ˈpr̩ɕ.jɐ.t̪ɑː/

Borrowed from Hindi अस्पृश्यता (aspŕśyatā), which is itself made up of Sanskrit affixes and words. Equal to अ- (a-) + स्पृश्य (spṛśya) + -ता (-tā).

bor

Hindi अस्पृश्यता (aspŕśyatā)


कङ्काल

kaṅkāla (romanization)
कङ्कालम् (nominative singular)
कङ्काले (dual nominative)
कङ्कालानि (nominative plural)
कङ्काल (singular vocative)
कङ्काले (dual vocative)
कङ्कालानि (plural vocative)
कङ्कालम् (accusative singular)
कङ्काले (accusative dual)
कङ्कालानि (accusative plural)
कङ्कालेन (instrumental singular)
कङ्कालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कङ्कालैः (instrumental plural)
कङ्कालाय (dative singular)
कङ्कालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कङ्कालेभ्यः (dative plural)
कङ्कालात् (ablative singular)
कङ्कालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कङ्कालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कङ्कालस्य (genitive singular)
कङ्कालयोः (dual genitive)
कङ्कालानाम् (genitive plural)
कङ्काले (locative singular)
कङ्कालयोः (dual locative)
कङ्कालेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कङ्काल</i>

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

कङ्कालाभ्याम्

Pali: kaṅkala

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀀𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kam̐kāla)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

desc

Assamese: কঁকাল (kõkal), কঁকালী (kõkali)

Bengali: কাঁকাল (kãkal), কাঁকালি (kãkali)

Odia: କଂକାଳ (kaṅkāḷa), କଂକାଳି (kaṅkāḷi)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކަކޫ (kakū)

Sinhalese: කකුල (kakula)

→ Bengali: কঙ্কাল (koṅkal)

→ Gujarati: કંકાલ (kaṅkāl)

→ Hindi: कंकाल (kaṅkāl)

→ Odia: କଙ୍କାଳ (kaṅkāḷa)

/kɐŋˈkɑː.l̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *kenkēl- (“kneecap; joint”). Cognate with English heel, Old Norse hæll, Latvian cinksla and Lithuanian kenkle.


मज्जन्

majján (romanization)
मज्जा (nominative singular)
मज्जानौ (dual nominative)
मज्जाना1 (dual nominative)
मज्जानः (nominative plural)
मज्जन् (singular vocative)
मज्जानौ (dual vocative)
मज्जाना1 (dual vocative)
मज्जानः (plural vocative)
मज्जानम् (accusative singular)
मज्जानौ (accusative dual)
मज्जाना1 (accusative dual)
मज्ज्ञः (accusative plural)
मज्ज्ञा (instrumental singular)
मज्जभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मज्जभिः (instrumental plural)
मज्ज्ञे (dative singular)
मज्जभ्याम् (dative dual)
मज्जभ्यः (dative plural)
मज्ज्ञः (ablative singular)
मज्जभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मज्जभ्यः (ablative plural)
मज्ज्ञः (genitive singular)
मज्ज्ञोः (dual genitive)
मज्ज्ञाम् (genitive plural)
मज्ज्ञि (locative singular)
मज्जनि (locative singular)
मज्जन्1 (locative singular)
मज्ज्ञोः (dual locative)
मज्जसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (mānũ)

desc

Kalasha: [script needed] (muñ), [script needed] (bhrānz)

Khowar: مژ (muž)

Pali: miñjā

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (majjā), 𑀫𑀺𑀁𑀚𑀸 (miṃjā)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (majjā)

Hindustani: bhejā ("brain"), mā̃j ("matter, pus")

Hindi: भेजा, माँज (“matter, pus”)

Urdu: بھیجَہ (bheja), مَاںج (mā̃j)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (majjā)

Assamese: মজা (moza, “core, inner part”)

Bengali: মজ্জা (mojja), মাইজ (maij)

Odia: ମଞ୍ଜା (mañjā), ମଞ୍ଜ (mañja, “heartwood”)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: bhejā, mij, mañjā, mijjh, miñjh, bhejjā (“brain, marrow”)

Gurmukhi script: ਭੇਜਾ, ਮਿਜ, ਮੰਜਾ, ਮਿੱਝ, ਮਿੰਝ, ਭੇੱਜਾ

Shahmukhi script: بھیجَہ, مِج, مَنجَہ, مِجّھ, مِنجھ, بھیجّھَہ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: mijā, majalo, maj̄ālo, mij̄a, miña, miñu

Arabic script: مِجَه, مَجَلو, مَجَالو, مِڄَ, مِڃَ, مِڃُ

Devanagari script: मिजा, मजलो, मॼालो, मिॼ, मिञ, मिञु

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މަދު (madu)

Sinhalese: මිදුළු (miduḷu)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸 (majjā)

Gujarati: ભેજું (bhejũ, “brain”), મીચ (mīc, “kernel”), મીઁજ (mīm̐j)

/ˈmɐd̪.d͡ʑɐn̪/

[ˈmɐd̪̚.d͡ʑɐn̪]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazǰʰā́, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰḗn. Compare English marrow, Russian мозг (mozg).
The Central New-Indo-Aryan descendants all have unusual vowels, reflecting *mejja or *mijja (perhaps undergoing usual Middle Indo-Aryan shortening of vowels before geminates). These may reflect a retention of the thorn cluster in the same way Sanskrit मेधा (medhā́, “wisdom”) preserves Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazdʰáH's cluster with compensatory lengthening.

बृह॒स्पति॒र् गोव॑पुषो व॒लस्य॒ निर् म॒ज्जानं॒ न पर्व॑णो जभार ॥
bṛ́haspátir góvapuṣo valásya nír majjā́naṃ ná párvaṇo jabhāra.

As if from a joint, Bṛhaspati took the marrow of Vala as he assumed the shape of a cow.


वपा

vapā́ (romanization)
वपा (nominative singular)
वपे (dual nominative)
वपाः (nominative plural)
वपे (singular vocative)
वपे (dual vocative)
वपाः (plural vocative)
वपाम् (accusative singular)
वपे (accusative dual)
वपाः (accusative plural)
वपया (instrumental singular)
वपा1 (instrumental singular)
वपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वपाभिः (instrumental plural)
वपायै (dative singular)
वपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वपाभ्यः (dative plural)
वपायाः (ablative singular)
वपायै2 (ablative singular)
वपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वपाभ्यः (ablative plural)
वपायाः (genitive singular)
वपायै2 (genitive singular)
वपयोः (dual genitive)
वपानाम् (genitive plural)
वपायाम् (locative singular)
वपयोः (dual locative)
वपासु (locative plural)

Probably from वप् (vap, “to scatter, strew”), with parallel semantic developments (albeit via different roots) across Indo-European, such as with Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma, “skin, hide”) and δέρω (dérō, “to skin, flay”), as well as English skin from the verbal to noun senses. The derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wamp- (“membrane (of bowels), intestines, womb”) (compare Old English womb, wamb (whence English womb)) is less likely.

inh

skin or membrane covering the intestines or parts of the viscera, the caul or omentum

the mucous or glutinous secretion of the bones or flesh, marrow, fat


स्नावन्

snā́van (romanization)
स्नाव (nominative singular)
स्नौनी (dual nominative)
स्नावनी (dual nominative)
स्नावानि (nominative plural)
स्नाव1 (nominative plural)
स्नावा1 (nominative plural)
स्नावन् (singular vocative)
स्नाव (singular vocative)
स्नौनी (dual vocative)
स्नावनी (dual vocative)
स्नावानि (plural vocative)
स्नाव1 (plural vocative)
स्नावा1 (plural vocative)
स्नाव (accusative singular)
स्नौनी (accusative dual)
स्नावनी (accusative dual)
स्नावानि (accusative plural)
स्नाव1 (accusative plural)
स्नावा1 (accusative plural)
स्नौना (instrumental singular)
स्नावभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नावभिः (instrumental plural)
स्नौने (dative singular)
स्नावभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नावभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नौनः (ablative singular)
स्नावभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नावभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नौनः (genitive singular)
स्नौनोः (dual genitive)
स्नौनाम् (genitive plural)
स्नौनि (locative singular)
स्नावनि (locative singular)
स्नावन्1 (locative singular)
स्नौनोः (dual locative)
स्नावसु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪n̪ɑː.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wn̥ (“sinew, tendon”). Cognate with Latin nervus (“sinew, tendon”), Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “sinew, tendon”), Avestan 𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (snāuuar, “sinew, tendon”), Tocharian B ṣñor (“sinew”), Old English sinu (whence English sinew).

cog

अस्थिभ्यस्ते मज्जभ्यः स्नावभ्यो धमनिभ्यः ।
यक्ष्मं पाणिभ्यामङ्गुलिभ्यो नखेभ्यो वि वृहामि ते ॥
asthibhyaste majjabhyaḥ snāvabhyo dhamanibhyaḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.33.6

Forth from thy marrows and thy bones, forth from thy tendons and thy veins
I banish thy disease from thy hands, thy fingers, and thy nails.

yakṣmaṃ pāṇibhyāmaṅgulibhyo nakhebhyo vi vṛhāmi te.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


अवस्था

Bengali: অবস্থা (obostha)

Hindi: अवस्था (avasthā)

Marathi: अवस्था (avasthā)

Sinhalese: අවස්ථාව (awasthāwa)

→ Old Javanese: awasthā

desctree

→ Old Javanese: wastha, wasta
Javanese: ꦮꦱ꧀ꦠ (wasta)
→ Balinese: ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢ (wasta)

→ Tocharian B: avast

→ Tocharian B: avasthālakṣam


दशा

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daćā- (compare Khotanese [script needed] (dasa, “thread”), Baluchi [script needed] (dasag, “thread”), Northern Kurdish dezî (dazī, “thread”) and Central Kurdish داسک (dask), دەزوو (dezû, “thread”)).


शर्ध

śárdha (romanization)
शर्धः (nominative singular)
शर्धौ (dual nominative)
शर्धा1 (dual nominative)
शर्धाः (nominative plural)
शर्धासः1 (nominative plural)
शर्ध (singular vocative)
शर्धौ (dual vocative)
शर्धा1 (dual vocative)
शर्धाः (plural vocative)
शर्धासः1 (plural vocative)
शर्धम् (accusative singular)
शर्धौ (accusative dual)
शर्धा1 (accusative dual)
शर्धान् (accusative plural)
शर्धेन (instrumental singular)
शर्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शर्धैः (instrumental plural)
शर्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शर्धाय (dative singular)
शर्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शर्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
शर्धात् (ablative singular)
शर्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शर्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शर्धस्य (genitive singular)
शर्धयोः (dual genitive)
शर्धानाम् (genitive plural)
शर्धे (locative singular)
शर्धयोः (dual locative)
शर्धेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárdʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárdʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ- (“herd, row”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa), Russian череда́ (čeredá, “train, sequence”), Ancient Greek κόρθυς (kórthus, “heap”), Old English heord (whence English herd).


उदक

udaká (romanization)
उदकम् (nominative singular)
उदके (dual nominative)
उदकानि (nominative plural)
उदका1 (nominative plural)
उदक (singular vocative)
उदके (dual vocative)
उदकानि (plural vocative)
उदका1 (plural vocative)
उदकम् (accusative singular)
उदके (accusative dual)
उदकानि (accusative plural)
उदका1 (accusative plural)
उदकेन (instrumental singular)
उदकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उदकैः (instrumental plural)
उदकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उदकाय (dative singular)
उदकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उदकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उदकात् (ablative singular)
उदकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उदकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उदकस्य (genitive singular)
उदकयोः (dual genitive)
उदकानाम् (genitive plural)
उदके (locative singular)
उदकयोः (dual locative)
उदकेषु (locative plural)

desc

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀕 (udaga), 𑀤𑀕 (daga), 𑀉𑀤𑀬 (udaya)

Dardic:

Kalasha: uk

Khowar: اُوغ (uġ)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: දිය (diya)

Gandhari: 𐨀𐨂𐨡𐨒 (udaga)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀅 (udaa)

→ Bengali: উদক (udok)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀉𑀅𑀅 (uaa), 𑀉𑀤𑀬 (udaya)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨀𐨂𐨡𐨒𐨹 (udaǵa)

Pali: udaka

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑀅 (udaa)

→ Hindi: उदक (udak)

→ Konkani: udak

Devanagari script: उदक

Kannada script: ಉದಕ

Latin script: udok

→ Telugu: ఉదకము (udakamu)

From उदन् (udan), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥ (“water”). Cognate with English water, Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) and Russian вода́ (vodá).

अधस् पदान् म उद् वदत मण्डूका इवोदकान् मण्डूका उदकाद् इव ॥

Speak to me from beneath my feet, as frogs from out the water croak, as frogs from out the water croak.

adhas padān ma ud vadata maṇḍūkā ivodakān maṇḍūkā udakād iva.

the ceremony of offering water to a dead person


रोक

roká (romanization)
रोकः (nominative singular)
रोकौ (dual nominative)
रोका1 (dual nominative)
रोकाः (nominative plural)
रोकासः1 (nominative plural)
रोक (singular vocative)
रोकौ (dual vocative)
रोका1 (dual vocative)
रोकाः (plural vocative)
रोकासः1 (plural vocative)
रोकम् (accusative singular)
रोकौ (accusative dual)
रोका1 (accusative dual)
रोकान् (accusative plural)
रोकेण (instrumental singular)
रोकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोकैः (instrumental plural)
रोकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोकाय (dative singular)
रोकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोकेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोकात् (ablative singular)
रोकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोकस्य (genitive singular)
रोकयोः (dual genitive)
रोकाणाम् (genitive plural)
रोके (locative singular)
रोकयोः (dual locative)
रोकेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *rawkás, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-ó-s, from *lewk- (“to shine, bright”). Cognate with Latin lūx, Russian луч (luč, “light”), Persian روز (ruz), Old English lēoht (whence English light).

दिवश्चिदा ते रुचयन्त रोका उषो विभातीरनु भासि पूर्वीः।

F the sky thy brilliant lights shone hither: thou hast beamed through many a radiant morning

divaścidā te rucayanta rokā uṣo vibhātīranu bhāsi pūrvīḥ.


धूम्रपान

dhūmrapāna (romanization)
धूम्रपानम् (nominative singular)
धूम्रपाने (dual nominative)
धूम्रपानानि (nominative plural)
धूम्रपान (singular vocative)
धूम्रपाने (dual vocative)
धूम्रपानानि (plural vocative)
धूम्रपानम् (accusative singular)
धूम्रपाने (accusative dual)
धूम्रपानानि (accusative plural)
धूम्रपानेन (instrumental singular)
धूम्रपानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूम्रपानैः (instrumental plural)
धूम्रपानाय (dative singular)
धूम्रपानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूम्रपानेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूम्रपानात् (ablative singular)
धूम्रपानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूम्रपानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूम्रपानस्य (genitive singular)
धूम्रपानयोः (dual genitive)
धूम्रपानानाम् (genitive plural)
धूम्रपाने (locative singular)
धूम्रपानयोः (dual locative)
धूम्रपानेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">धूम्रपान</i>

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानेभ्यः

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानेभ्यः

धूम्रपानानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानेभ्यः

धूम्रपानाभ्याम्

धूम्रपानेभ्यः

धूम्रपानानाम्

/d̪ʱuːm.ɾɐˈpɑː.n̪ɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of धूम्र (dhūmra, “smoke”) + पान (pāna, “drinking”), literally “smoke-drinking”.

com

मध्यरात्रिः संजाताभूत् किन्तु युवकद्वयं धूम्रपानेन सह वार्तालापे संलग्नमेवाऽभूत् ।

1987, Kala Nath Shastry, Kathānaka-ballī: ātmakathāśailībaddhasya laghūpanyāsasya, laghukathānāṃ ca saṇkalanam, Rajasthan Sanskrit Academy, page 92:

It was midnight, but the two young men were engrossed in their conversation with smoking.

madhyarātriḥ saṃjātābhūt kintu yuvakadvayaṃ dhūmrapānena saha vārtālāpe saṃlagnamevāʼbhūt.

धूम्रपानं स्वास्थ्या[य] हानिकरमिति सर्वविदितम् तथापि सर्वत्र आबालवृद्धा सिगरेटादिधूम्रपाने रताः दृश्यन्ते ।

1999, Bhāratī: Volume 50, Saṃskṛtapracārapariṣad Rājasthānam, page 15:

It is known by all that smoking is injurious to health but despite that everywhere from children to old people are seen absorbed in smoking cigarettes, etc.

dhūmrapānaṃ svāsthyā[ya] hānikaramiti sarvaviditam tathāpi sarvatra ābālavṛddhā sigareṭādidhūmrapāne ratāḥ dṛśyante.


धूम्र

dhūmrá (romanization)
धूम्रः (nominative singular)
धूम्रौ (dual nominative)
धूम्रा1 (dual nominative)
धूम्राः (nominative plural)
धूम्रासः1 (nominative plural)
धूम्र (singular vocative)
धूम्रौ (dual vocative)
धूम्रा1 (dual vocative)
धूम्राः (plural vocative)
धूम्रासः1 (plural vocative)
धूम्रम् (accusative singular)
धूम्रौ (accusative dual)
धूम्रा1 (accusative dual)
धूम्रान् (accusative plural)
धूम्रेण (instrumental singular)
धूम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धूम्रैः (instrumental plural)
धूम्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धूम्राय (dative singular)
धूम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
धूम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
धूम्रात् (ablative singular)
धूम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धूम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धूम्रस्य (genitive singular)
धूम्रयोः (dual genitive)
धूम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
धूम्रे (locative singular)
धूम्रयोः (dual locative)
धूम्रेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀥𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (dhumma)

Hindi: धूमा (dhūmā)

/ˈd̪ʱuːm.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-der.
Sanskrit धूम्र (dhūmra)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰuHmrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰuHmrás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-.


कल्याण

→ Malayalam: കല്യാണം (kalyāṇaṁ)

desc

→ Tamil: கல்யாணம் (kalyāṇam), கண்ணாலம் (kaṇṇālam), கலியாணம் (kaliyāṇam)

/kɐl̪ˈjɑː.ɳɐ/


स्व

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *swá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *swá, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”). Cognate with Polish swa f, Avestan 𐬓𐬀 (xᵛa), Latin suus, Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), Persian خود (xwad), Russian свой (svoj).


सरत्

sárat (romanization)
सरन् (nominative singular)
सरन्तौ (dual nominative)
सरन्ता1 (dual nominative)
सरन्तः (nominative plural)
सरन् (singular vocative)
सरन्तौ (dual vocative)
सरन्ता1 (dual vocative)
सरन्तः (plural vocative)
सरन्तम् (accusative singular)
सरन्तौ (accusative dual)
सरन्ता1 (accusative dual)
सरतः (accusative plural)
सरता (instrumental singular)
सरद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सरद्भिः (instrumental plural)
सरते (dative singular)
सरद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
सरद्भ्यः (dative plural)
सरतः (ablative singular)
सरद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
सरद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
सरतः (genitive singular)
सरतोः (dual genitive)
सरताम् (genitive plural)
सरति (locative singular)
सरतोः (dual locative)
सरत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, tie; thread”). Cognate with Latin serō, Ancient Greek εἴρω (eírō, “I string together”), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰 (sarwa).


पक्ष्मन्

pákṣman (romanization)
पक्ष्म (nominative singular)
पक्ष्मणी (dual nominative)
पक्ष्माणि (nominative plural)
पक्ष्म1 (nominative plural)
पक्ष्मा1 (nominative plural)
पक्ष्मन् (singular vocative)
पक्ष्म (singular vocative)
पक्ष्मणी (dual vocative)
पक्ष्माणि (plural vocative)
पक्ष्म1 (plural vocative)
पक्ष्मा1 (plural vocative)
पक्ष्म (accusative singular)
पक्ष्मणी (accusative dual)
पक्ष्माणि (accusative plural)
पक्ष्म1 (accusative plural)
पक्ष्मा1 (accusative plural)
पक्ष्मणा (instrumental singular)
पक्ष्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पक्ष्मभिः (instrumental plural)
पक्ष्मणे (dative singular)
पक्ष्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
पक्ष्मभ्यः (dative plural)
पक्ष्मणः (ablative singular)
पक्ष्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पक्ष्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
पक्ष्मणः (genitive singular)
पक्ष्मणोः (dual genitive)
पक्ष्मणाम् (genitive plural)
पक्ष्मणि (locative singular)
पक्ष्मन्1 (locative singular)
पक्ष्मणोः (dual locative)
पक्ष्मसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: paṣ

Kashmiri: پھَمب (phamb)

Khowar: پوݰپ (poṣp)

Kohistani Shina: پپیں (papăĩ)

Phalura: پام (pām)

Shina: پݜ (păṣ)

Torwali: پام (pām)

Pali: pamha, pakhuma

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀳 (pamha), 𑀧𑁄𑀫𑁆𑀳 (pŏmha) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *páćšma, from Proto-Indo-European *poḱ-s-mn̥ (“hair, whiskers”), from *peḱ- (“to shear, pluck”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (pašman), Persian پشم (pašm, “wool”), Old English feax (“hair of the head”) (whence English fax).
This term underwent a great deal of alteration in the late Old Indo-Aryan and early Middle Indo-Aryan stage, possibly at least partly due to substratal influence.

inh

...प्रजापतेर् वा एतानि पक्ष्माणि यद् अश्ववाला ऐक्षवी तिरश्ची

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.2.1.5

...Now the Saccharum spontaneum shoots represent the eyelashes of Prajapati, and his eyelids are represented by pieces of sugar-cane.

...prajāpater vā etāni pakṣmāṇi yad aśvavālā aikṣavī tiraścī


पर्शान

párśāna (romanization)
पर्शानः (nominative singular)
पर्शानौ (dual nominative)
पर्शाना1 (dual nominative)
पर्शानाः (nominative plural)
पर्शानासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्शान (singular vocative)
पर्शानौ (dual vocative)
पर्शाना1 (dual vocative)
पर्शानाः (plural vocative)
पर्शानासः1 (plural vocative)
पर्शानम् (accusative singular)
पर्शानौ (accusative dual)
पर्शाना1 (accusative dual)
पर्शानान् (accusative plural)
पर्शानेन (instrumental singular)
पर्शानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्शानैः (instrumental plural)
पर्शानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्शानाय (dative singular)
पर्शानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्शानेभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्शानात् (ablative singular)
पर्शानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्शानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्शानस्य (genitive singular)
पर्शानयोः (dual genitive)
पर्शानानाम् (genitive plural)
पर्शाने (locative singular)
पर्शानयोः (dual locative)
पर्शानेषु (locative plural)

/pɐ́ɾ.ɕɑː.nɐ/

/pɐɾˈɕɑː.n̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *párśaHnas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćaHnas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥ḱeh₂. Cognate with Latin porca (“lynchet”), Lithuanian prapar̃šas (“ditch”), Welsh rhych (“furrow”), Old English furh (whence English furrow).

इन्द्रासोमा वर्तयतं दिवस्पर्यग्नितप्तेभिर्युवमश्महन्मभिः।
तपुर्वधेभिरजरेभिरत्रिणो नि पर्शाने विध्यतं यन्तु निस्वरम्॥
indrāsomā vartayataṃ divasparyagnitaptebhiryuvamaśmahanmabhiḥ.

Indra and Soma, cast ye downward out of heaven your deadly darts of stone burning with fiery flame,
Eternal, scorching darts; plunge the voracious ones within the depth, and let them sink without a sound.

tapurvadhebhirajarebhiratriṇo ni parśāne vidhyataṃ yantu nisvaram.


जैन

/ˈd͡ʑɑj.n̪ɐ/


उद्योग

udyoga (romanization)
उद्योगः (nominative singular)
उद्योगौ (dual nominative)
उद्योगा1 (dual nominative)
उद्योगाः (nominative plural)
उद्योगासः1 (nominative plural)
उद्योग (singular vocative)
उद्योगौ (dual vocative)
उद्योगा1 (dual vocative)
उद्योगाः (plural vocative)
उद्योगासः1 (plural vocative)
उद्योगम् (accusative singular)
उद्योगौ (accusative dual)
उद्योगा1 (accusative dual)
उद्योगान् (accusative plural)
उद्योगेन (instrumental singular)
उद्योगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्योगैः (instrumental plural)
उद्योगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्योगाय (dative singular)
उद्योगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्योगेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्योगात् (ablative singular)
उद्योगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्योगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्योगस्य (genitive singular)
उद्योगयोः (dual genitive)
उद्योगानाम् (genitive plural)
उद्योगे (locative singular)
उद्योगयोः (dual locative)
उद्योगेषु (locative plural)

the act of undertaking anything, exertion, perseverance, strenuous and continuous endeavor


लोपाक

lopāka (romanization)
लोपाकः (nominative singular)
लोपाकौ (dual nominative)
लोपाकाः (nominative plural)
लोपाक (singular vocative)
लोपाकौ (dual vocative)
लोपाकाः (plural vocative)
लोपाकम् (accusative singular)
लोपाकौ (accusative dual)
लोपाकान् (accusative plural)
लोपाकेन (instrumental singular)
लोपाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोपाकैः (instrumental plural)
लोपाकाय (dative singular)
लोपाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोपाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
लोपाकात् (ablative singular)
लोपाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोपाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोपाकस्य (genitive singular)
लोपाकयोः (dual genitive)
लोपाकानाम् (genitive plural)
लोपाके (locative singular)
लोपाकयोः (dual locative)
लोपाकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of लोपाक

लोपाकाभ्याम्

लोपाकाभ्याम्

लोपाकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

लोपाकाभ्याम्

लोपाकाभ्याम्

लोपाकाभ्याम्

Kalasha: ḷawák

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- (“fox”). Cognate with Latin vulpes, Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Persian روباه (rubâh) and Lithuanian lãpė. Also compare लोपाश (lopāśa, “fox”).


कूप

kū́pa (romanization)
कूपः (nominative singular)
कूपौ (dual nominative)
कूपा1 (dual nominative)
कूपाः (nominative plural)
कूपासः1 (nominative plural)
कूप (singular vocative)
कूपौ (dual vocative)
कूपा1 (dual vocative)
कूपाः (plural vocative)
कूपासः1 (plural vocative)
कूपम् (accusative singular)
कूपौ (accusative dual)
कूपा1 (accusative dual)
कूपान् (accusative plural)
कूपेन (instrumental singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कूपैः (instrumental plural)
कूपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कूपाय (dative singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
कूपात् (ablative singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कूपस्य (genitive singular)
कूपयोः (dual genitive)
कूपानाम् (genitive plural)
कूपे (locative singular)
कूपयोः (dual locative)
कूपेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: kuí

Pali: kepa

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀬 (kūya)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀧𑀬 (kuṃpaya)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva)

desc

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀅 (kūvaa), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀕 (kūvaga)

Old Hindi: कुआ (kuā)

Hindi: कुँआ (kũā)

Romani: kūpă

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুঁৱা (kũwa), কূপা (kupa)

Bengali: কুয়া (kuẏa)

Odia: କୂପୀ (kupi)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘮𑘰 (kuhā)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: کپا (kuppā)

Punjabi: khūh, kuppā, kuppī

Gurmukhi script: ਖੂਹ, ਕੁੱਪਾ, ਕੁੱਪੀ

Shahmukhi script: کھُہ, کُپَّا, کُپِّی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: kupo, kupiṛo

Arabic script: ڪُپو, ڪُپِڙو

Devanagari script: कुपो, कुपिड़ो

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: कुवा (kuwā)

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: kuppi

Devanagari script: कुप्पि

Kannada script: ಕುಪ್ಪಿ

Latin script: kuppi

Marathi: कुपा (kupā), कुपी (kupī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo), કુંપો (kumpo), કુંપી (kumpī), કુપી (kupī)

Mewari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)

→ Telugu: కూపము (kūpamu)

→ Malay: kupi

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kúHpas, from Proto-Indo-European *kúHp-o-s, from *kuHp- (“water vessel; hollow”), from *kew- (“bend, curve”). Cognate with Latin cupa, Ancient Greek κύπη (kúpē, “gap, hollow”), κύπελλον (kúpellon), Old English hyf (whence English hive, qv).

cog

त्रि॒तः कूपेऽव॑हितो दे॒वान्ह॑वत ऊ॒तये॑ ।
तच्छु॑श्राव॒ बृह॒स्पतिः॑ कृ॒ण्वन्नं॑हूर॒णादु॒रु वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी ॥
tritáḥ kū́péʼvahito devā́nhavata ūtáye.
tácchuśrāva bṛ́haspátiḥ kṛṇvánnaṃhūraṇā́durú vittáṃ me asyá rodasī.
Trita, when buried in the well, calls on the Gods to succour him.

That call of his Bṛhaspati heard and released him from distress. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.

a well; a hole dug in the ground as a source of water


कूप

kūpa (romanization)
कूपः (nominative singular)
कूपौ (dual nominative)
कूपा1 (dual nominative)
कूपाः (nominative plural)
कूपासः1 (nominative plural)
कूप (singular vocative)
कूपौ (dual vocative)
कूपा1 (dual vocative)
कूपाः (plural vocative)
कूपासः1 (plural vocative)
कूपम् (accusative singular)
कूपौ (accusative dual)
कूपा1 (accusative dual)
कूपान् (accusative plural)
कूपेन (instrumental singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कूपैः (instrumental plural)
कूपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कूपाय (dative singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
कूपात् (ablative singular)
कूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कूपस्य (genitive singular)
कूपयोः (dual genitive)
कूपानाम् (genitive plural)
कूपे (locative singular)
कूपयोः (dual locative)
कूपेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kūpa, kūpaka

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀽𑀯 (kūva), 𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀬 (kūvaya)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ކުނބު (kuᵐbu)

Sinhalese: කුඹ (kuᵐba)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કૂવો (kūvo)


प्रक्षालन

prakṣālana (romanization)
प्रक्षालनम् (nominative singular)
प्रक्षालने (dual nominative)
प्रक्षालनानि (nominative plural)
प्रक्षालना1 (nominative plural)
प्रक्षालन (singular vocative)
प्रक्षालने (dual vocative)
प्रक्षालनानि (plural vocative)
प्रक्षालना1 (plural vocative)
प्रक्षालनम् (accusative singular)
प्रक्षालने (accusative dual)
प्रक्षालनानि (accusative plural)
प्रक्षालना1 (accusative plural)
प्रक्षालनेन (instrumental singular)
प्रक्षालनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रक्षालनैः (instrumental plural)
प्रक्षालनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रक्षालनाय (dative singular)
प्रक्षालनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रक्षालनेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रक्षालनात् (ablative singular)
प्रक्षालनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रक्षालनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रक्षालनस्य (genitive singular)
प्रक्षालनयोः (dual genitive)
प्रक्षालनानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रक्षालने (locative singular)
प्रक्षालनयोः (dual locative)
प्रक्षालनेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ Hindi: प्रक्षालन (prakṣālan) (learned)

/pɾɐkˈʂɑː.l̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

a means of cleaning, anything used for purifying, water for washing


ज्रयस्

jráyas (romanization)
ज्रयः (nominative singular)
ज्रयसी (dual nominative)
ज्रयांसि (nominative plural)
ज्रयः (singular vocative)
ज्रयसी (dual vocative)
ज्रयांसि (plural vocative)
ज्रयः (accusative singular)
ज्रयसी (accusative dual)
ज्रयांसि (accusative plural)
ज्रयसा (instrumental singular)
ज्रयोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्रयोभिः (instrumental plural)
ज्रयसे (dative singular)
ज्रयोभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्रयोभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्रयसः (ablative singular)
ज्रयोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्रयोभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्रयसः (genitive singular)
ज्रयसोः (dual genitive)
ज्रयसाम् (genitive plural)
ज्रयसि (locative singular)
ज्रयसोः (dual locative)
ज्रयःसु (locative plural)

/d͡ʑɾɐ́.jɐs/

/ˈd͡ʑɾɐ.jɐs̪/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ráyas (“vastness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬢𐬵 (zraiiaŋh, “sea”), Northern Kurdish zirye (“sea”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎹 (d-r-y /draya/) (whence Persian دریا (daryâ, “sea”)).

प्रति भद्रा अदृक्षत गवां सर्गा न रश्मयः।
ओषा अप्रा उरु ज्रयः॥
prati bhadrā adṛkṣata gavāṃ sargā na raśmayaḥ.

Our eyes behold thy blessed rays like troops of cattle loosed to feed.
Dawn hath filled full the wide expanse.


मन्या

mányā (romanization)
मन्या (nominative singular)
मन्ये (dual nominative)
मन्याः (nominative plural)
मन्ये (singular vocative)
मन्ये (dual vocative)
मन्याः (plural vocative)
मन्याम् (accusative singular)
मन्ये (accusative dual)
मन्याः (accusative plural)
मन्यया (instrumental singular)
मन्या1 (instrumental singular)
मन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मन्याभिः (instrumental plural)
मन्यायै (dative singular)
मन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
मन्याभ्यः (dative plural)
मन्यायाः (ablative singular)
मन्यायै2 (ablative singular)
मन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मन्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
मन्यायाः (genitive singular)
मन्यायै2 (genitive singular)
मन्ययोः (dual genitive)
मन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
मन्यायाम् (locative singular)
मन्ययोः (dual locative)
मन्यासु (locative plural)

Konkani: मान (mān)

Marathi: मान (mān)

Romani: men (Neck)

From Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“neck, nape”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μάννος (mánnos), Old English manu (whence English mane).


सरस्

sáras (romanization)
सरः (nominative singular)
सरसी (dual nominative)
सरांसि (nominative plural)
सरः (singular vocative)
सरसी (dual vocative)
सरांसि (plural vocative)
सरः (accusative singular)
सरसी (accusative dual)
सरांसि (accusative plural)
सरसा (instrumental singular)
सरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सरोभिः (instrumental plural)
सरसे (dative singular)
सरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
सरोभ्यः (dative plural)
सरसः (ablative singular)
सरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
सरसः (genitive singular)
सरसोः (dual genitive)
सरसाम् (genitive plural)
सरसि (locative singular)
सरसोः (dual locative)
सरःसु (locative plural)

Kashmiri: سَر (sar)

Old Marathi: सरा (sarā)

Pali: saras
→ Thai: สระ (sà)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáras, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáras, from late, southern dialectal Proto-Indo-European *sélos ~ *séles (“marsh”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλος (hélos, “marsh-meadow”), Old Armenian եղտիւր (ełtiwr, “marsh”).

सरस्वती

inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáraswatiH


समा

sámā (romanization)
समा (nominative singular)
समे (dual nominative)
समाः (nominative plural)
समे (singular vocative)
समे (dual vocative)
समाः (plural vocative)
समाम् (accusative singular)
समे (accusative dual)
समाः (accusative plural)
समया (instrumental singular)
समा1 (instrumental singular)
समाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
समाभिः (instrumental plural)
समायै (dative singular)
समाभ्याम् (dative dual)
समाभ्यः (dative plural)
समायाः (ablative singular)
समायै2 (ablative singular)
समाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
समाभ्यः (ablative plural)
समायाः (genitive singular)
समायै2 (genitive singular)
समयोः (dual genitive)
समानाम् (genitive plural)
समायाम् (locative singular)
समयोः (dual locative)
समासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sámaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sámaH, from Proto-Indo-European *semH-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨 (ham), Old Armenian ամ (am, “year”), English summer, Persian هامین (hâmin), Welsh haf (“summer”).


भौमवार

bhaumavāra (romanization)
भौमवारः (nominative singular)
भौमवारौ (dual nominative)
भौमवारा1 (dual nominative)
भौमवाराः (nominative plural)
भौमवारासः1 (nominative plural)
भौमवार (singular vocative)
भौमवारौ (dual vocative)
भौमवारा1 (dual vocative)
भौमवाराः (plural vocative)
भौमवारासः1 (plural vocative)
भौमवारम् (accusative singular)
भौमवारौ (accusative dual)
भौमवारा1 (accusative dual)
भौमवारान् (accusative plural)
भौमवारेण (instrumental singular)
भौमवाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भौमवारैः (instrumental plural)
भौमवारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भौमवाराय (dative singular)
भौमवाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
भौमवारेभ्यः (dative plural)
भौमवारात् (ablative singular)
भौमवाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भौमवारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भौमवारस्य (genitive singular)
भौमवारयोः (dual genitive)
भौमवाराणाम् (genitive plural)
भौमवारे (locative singular)
भौमवारयोः (dual locative)
भौमवारेषु (locative plural)

/bʱɑːw.mɐ.ʋɑː.ɾɐ/

/bʱɑw.mɐˈʋɑː.ɾɐ/


हस्ती

sa-noun form

हस्ती • (hastī́) m

/ˈɦɐs̪.t̪iː/

हस्तिन् हस्तिन्#Sanskrit

nominative singular of हस्तिन् (hastín, “elephant”)


इष्टका

sa-noun

इष्टका • (íṣṭakā) stem, f

íṣṭakā (romanization)
इष्टका (nominative singular)
इष्टके (dual nominative)
इष्टकाः (nominative plural)
इष्टके (singular vocative)
इष्टके (dual vocative)
इष्टकाः (plural vocative)
इष्टकाम् (accusative singular)
इष्टके (accusative dual)
इष्टकाः (accusative plural)
इष्टकया (instrumental singular)
इष्टका1 (instrumental singular)
इष्टकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इष्टकाभिः (instrumental plural)
इष्टकायै (dative singular)
इष्टकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
इष्टकाभ्यः (dative plural)
इष्टकायाः (ablative singular)
इष्टकायै2 (ablative singular)
इष्टकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इष्टकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
इष्टकायाः (genitive singular)
इष्टकायै2 (genitive singular)
इष्टकयोः (dual genitive)
इष्टकानाम् (genitive plural)
इष्टकायाम् (locative singular)
इष्टकयोः (dual locative)
इष्टकासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: اݰٹو (ušṭu)

→ Phalura: اݜٹو (iṣṭū́)

desc

→ Yazghulami: [script needed] (uštu), [script needed] (uštū)

Pali: iṭṭhakā

Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸 (iṭṭā) (see there for further descendants)

q

with Middle Indo-Aryan <i class="Brah mention" lang="inc-ash">-𑀓-</i> (-ka-)

Prakrit: 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭagā), 𑀇𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀸𑀕𑀸 (iṭṭāgā) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Eastern Indo-Aryan:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ইটা (ita)

desc

Bihari: ईँट (ī̃ṭ), ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)

Bihari: ईँट (ī̃ṭ), ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)

Bhojpuri: ईँटि (ī̃ṭi)

Maithili: ईँटा (ī̃ṭā)

Odia: ଇଟା (iṭā)

Northern Indo-Aryan:

Nepali: इँट्टा (ĩṭṭā)

Nepali: इँट्टा (ĩṭṭā)

→ Dravidian:

Kannada: ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (iṭṭige)

Telugu: ఇటుక (iṭuka)

Kolami: ఇట్కె (iṭke)

Malayalam: ഇഷ്ടിക (iṣṭika)

Tamil: இட்டிகை (iṭṭikai)

→ Old Javanese: iṣṭakā, wiṣṭaka

→ Thai:

Thai: อิฐ (ìt)

/ˈiʂ.ʈɐ.kɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH
Sanskrit इष्टका (iṣṭakā)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *íṣṭakaH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ištaH (“brick”), possibly from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ištiia, “brick”), Persian خشت (xešt, “brick”).


उलूक

úlūka (romanization)
उलूकः (nominative singular)
उलूकौ (dual nominative)
उलूका1 (dual nominative)
उलूकाः (nominative plural)
उलूकासः1 (nominative plural)
उलूक (singular vocative)
उलूकौ (dual vocative)
उलूका1 (dual vocative)
उलूकाः (plural vocative)
उलूकासः1 (plural vocative)
उलूकम् (accusative singular)
उलूकौ (accusative dual)
उलूका1 (accusative dual)
उलूकान् (accusative plural)
उलूकेन (instrumental singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उलूकैः (instrumental plural)
उलूकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उलूकाय (dative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उलूकात् (ablative singular)
उलूकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उलूकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उलूकस्य (genitive singular)
उलूकयोः (dual genitive)
उलूकानाम् (genitive plural)
उलूके (locative singular)
उलूकयोः (dual locative)
उलूकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উলূৱা ফেঁচা (ulua phẽsa)

Punjabi: ਉੱਲੂ (ullū)

→ Hindi: उलूक (ulūk)

→ Old Gujarati: उलूक (ulūka)

Pali: ulūka

→ Tocharian B: uluke

Possibly of imitative origin; cf. Latin ulucus, ulula (“owl”), Ancient Greek ὀλολύζω (ololúzō, “to cry out”). Alternatively, from an unattested compound *उरुह्क (uruhka, “broad-faced”), from उरु (uru, “wide”).


पात्र

pā́tra (romanization)
पात्रम् (nominative singular)
पात्रे (dual nominative)
पात्राणि (nominative plural)
पात्रा1 (nominative plural)
पात्र (singular vocative)
पात्रे (dual vocative)
पात्राणि (plural vocative)
पात्रा1 (plural vocative)
पात्रम् (accusative singular)
पात्रे (accusative dual)
पात्राणि (accusative plural)
पात्रा1 (accusative plural)
पात्रेण (instrumental singular)
पात्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पात्रैः (instrumental plural)
पात्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पात्राय (dative singular)
पात्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
पात्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
पात्रात् (ablative singular)
पात्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पात्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पात्रस्य (genitive singular)
पात्रयोः (dual genitive)
पात्राणाम् (genitive plural)
पात्रे (locative singular)
पात्रयोः (dual locative)
पात्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: पाथ्र् (pāthr)

Pali: patta

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢 (patta) (see there for further descendants)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀤 (pāda), 𑀧𑀸𑀬 (pāya)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: ਪਰਾਤ (parāt), ਪਾਤਰ (pātar)

Sindhi: پاتِرُ (pāṭri)

→ Chinese: 缽 /钵 (bō)

→ Hindi: पात्र (pātra)

→ Bengali: পাত্র (patro)

→ Kannada: ಪಾತ್ರ (pātra)

→ Tamil: பாத்திரம் (pāttiram)

From Proto-Indo-European *péh₃-tlo-m (“instrument for drinking”), from *peh₃- (“to drink”). Cognate with Latin pōculum (“drinking cup”), Old Irish ól (“act of drinking”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀳𐀨 (patera).

inh

इदं त्यत् पात्रम् इन्द्रपानमिन्द्रस्य प्रियममृतमपायि ।
मत्सद्यथा सौमनसाय देवं व्यस्मद्द्वेषो युयवद्व्यंहः ॥
idaṃ tyat pātram indrapānamindrasya priyamamṛtamapāyi.
matsadyathā saumanasāya devaṃ vyasmaddveṣo yuyavadvyaṃhaḥ.

That it may cheer the God to gracious favour, and keep far from us hatred and affliction.

The cup whence Indra drinks the draught is present: the Amṛta dear to Indra hath been drunken,

a drinking vessel, goblet, bowl, cup, dish, pot, plate, utensil; any vessel or receptacle

an actor or an actor's part or character in a play


अलकनन्दा

a young girl from eight to ten years old

name of a river that runs from the Himalayas and falls into the Ganges


अम्बा

ambā́ (romanization)
अम्बा (nominative singular)
अम्बे (dual nominative)
अम्बाः (nominative plural)
अम्बे (singular vocative)
अम्बे (dual vocative)
अम्बाः (plural vocative)
अम्बाम् (accusative singular)
अम्बे (accusative dual)
अम्बाः (accusative plural)
अम्बया (instrumental singular)
अम्बा1 (instrumental singular)
अम्बाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अम्बाभिः (instrumental plural)
अम्बायै (dative singular)
अम्बाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अम्बाभ्यः (dative plural)
अम्बायाः (ablative singular)
अम्बायै2 (ablative singular)
अम्बाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अम्बाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अम्बायाः (genitive singular)
अम्बायै2 (genitive singular)
अम्बयोः (dual genitive)
अम्बानाम् (genitive plural)
अम्बायाम् (locative singular)
अम्बयोः (dual locative)
अम्बासु (locative plural)

a mother, good woman (as a title of respect)


उषःकल

uṣaḥkala (romanization)
उषःकलः (nominative singular)
उषःकलौ (dual nominative)
उषःकलाः (nominative plural)
उषःकल (singular vocative)
उषःकलौ (dual vocative)
उषःकलाः (plural vocative)
उषःकलम् (accusative singular)
उषःकलौ (accusative dual)
उषःकलान् (accusative plural)
उषःकलेन (instrumental singular)
उषःकलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उषःकलैः (instrumental plural)
उषःकलाय (dative singular)
उषःकलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उषःकलेभ्यः (dative plural)
उषःकलात् (ablative singular)
उषःकलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उषःकलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उषःकलस्य (genitive singular)
उषःकलयोः (dual genitive)
उषःकलानाम् (genitive plural)
उषःकले (locative singular)
उषःकलयोः (dual locative)
उषःकलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of उषःकल

उषःकलाभ्याम्

उषःकलाभ्याम्

उषःकलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

उषःकलाभ्याम्

उषःकलाभ्याम्

उषःकलाभ्याम्

From उषस् (uṣás, “dawn”) + Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout, to make a noise”). Compare Old English hlōwan (“to make a noise”), Latin clāmō (“to call out”) (English claim), Ancient Greek καλέω (kaléō, “I call, summon”).

cog

"calling out at dawn", "crying at daybreak"; a rooster, a cock


चक्षु

cákṣu (romanization)
चक्षुः (nominative singular)
चक्षू (dual nominative)
चक्षवः (nominative plural)
चक्षो (singular vocative)
चक्षू (dual vocative)
चक्षवः (plural vocative)
चक्षुम् (accusative singular)
चक्षू (accusative dual)
चक्षून् (accusative plural)
चक्षुणा (instrumental singular)
चक्ष्वा1 (instrumental singular)
चक्षुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चक्षुभिः (instrumental plural)
चक्षवे (dative singular)
चक्षुभ्याम् (dative dual)
चक्षुभ्यः (dative plural)
चक्षोः (ablative singular)
चक्षुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चक्षुभ्यः (ablative plural)
चक्षोः (genitive singular)
चक्ष्वोः (dual genitive)
चक्षूणाम् (genitive plural)
चक्षौ (locative singular)
चक्ष्वोः (dual locative)
चक्षुषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀘𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼 (cakkhu)

Kamarupi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: চখু (cokhu)

Assamese: চকু (soku)

Kamta: চখু (sokhu)

Bengali: চোখ (cōkh)

Rohingya: suk / 𐴏𐴟𐴑 (suk)

Sylheti: ꠌꠃꠇ (souk)

Pali: cakkhu

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Braj: चाख (cākh), चाष (cāṣ)

Gujarati: ચાખ (cākh)

→ Telugu: చక్షువు (cakṣuvu)

→ Thai: จักษุ (jàk-sù)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čákšuš (“eye”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷé-kʷḱ-u-s, from *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”). Cognate with Persian چشم (čašm, “eye”).

चन्द्रमा मनसो जातश्चक्षोः सूर्यो अजायत ।
मुखादिन्द्रश्चाग्निश्च प्राणाद्वायुरजायत ॥
candramā manaso jātaścakṣoḥ sūryo ajāyata.
mukhādindraścāgniśca prāṇādvāyurajāyata.
The Moon was gendered from his mind, and from his eye the Sun was born;

Indra and Agni from his mouth were born, and Vāyu from his breath.

वक्षु वक्षु#Sanskrit


नौका

naukā (romanization)
नौका (nominative singular)
नौके (dual nominative)
नौकाः (nominative plural)
नौके (singular vocative)
नौके (dual vocative)
नौकाः (plural vocative)
नौकाम् (accusative singular)
नौके (accusative dual)
नौकाः (accusative plural)
नौकया (instrumental singular)
नौका1 (instrumental singular)
नौकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नौकाभिः (instrumental plural)
नौकायै (dative singular)
नौकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नौकाभ्यः (dative plural)
नौकायाः (ablative singular)
नौकायै2 (ablative singular)
नौकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नौकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नौकायाः (genitive singular)
नौकायै2 (genitive singular)
नौकयोः (dual genitive)
नौकानाम् (genitive plural)
नौकायाम् (locative singular)
नौकयोः (dual locative)
नौकासु (locative plural)

caturājī चतुराजी

the rook or castle (in the game caturājī)


भोट

bhoṭa (romanization)
भोटः (nominative singular)
भोटौ (dual nominative)
भोटाः (nominative plural)
भोट (singular vocative)
भोटौ (dual vocative)
भोटाः (plural vocative)
भोटम् (accusative singular)
भोटौ (accusative dual)
भोटान् (accusative plural)
भोटेन (instrumental singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भोटैः (instrumental plural)
भोटाय (dative singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भोटेभ्यः (dative plural)
भोटात् (ablative singular)
भोटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भोटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भोटस्य (genitive singular)
भोटयोः (dual genitive)
भोटानाम् (genitive plural)
भोटे (locative singular)
भोटयोः (dual locative)
भोटेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of भोट


भजन

bhajana (romanization)
भजनम् (nominative singular)
भजने (dual nominative)
भजनानि (nominative plural)
भजना1 (nominative plural)
भजन (singular vocative)
भजने (dual vocative)
भजनानि (plural vocative)
भजना1 (plural vocative)
भजनम् (accusative singular)
भजने (accusative dual)
भजनानि (accusative plural)
भजना1 (accusative plural)
भजनेन (instrumental singular)
भजनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भजनैः (instrumental plural)
भजनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भजनाय (dative singular)
भजनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भजनेभ्यः (dative plural)
भजनात् (ablative singular)
भजनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भजनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भजनस्य (genitive singular)
भजनयोः (dual genitive)
भजनानाम् (genitive plural)
भजने (locative singular)
भजनयोः (dual locative)
भजनेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: भजन (bhajan)
→ English: bhajan

→ Tamil: பஜனை (pajaṉai), பசனை (pacaṉai)

/ˈbʱɐ.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

From भज् (bhaj, “to distribute, divide”, root) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-.

भजनीय

to be loved or revered or waited upon, venerable

भजनवारिक

a particular official in a Buddhist monastery


ऋष्टि

ṛṣṭí (romanization)
ऋष्टिः (nominative singular)
ऋष्टी (dual nominative)
ऋष्टयः (nominative plural)
ऋष्टे (singular vocative)
ऋष्टी (dual vocative)
ऋष्टयः (plural vocative)
ऋष्टिम् (accusative singular)
ऋष्टी (accusative dual)
ऋष्टीन् (accusative plural)
ऋष्टिना (instrumental singular)
ऋष्ट्या1 (instrumental singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋष्टये (dative singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋष्टेः (ablative singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋष्टेः (genitive singular)
ऋष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
ऋष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
ऋष्टौ (locative singular)
ऋष्टा1 (locative singular)
ऋष्ट्योः (dual locative)
ऋष्टिषु (locative plural)
ऋष्टिः (nominative singular)
ऋष्टी (dual nominative)
ऋष्टयः (nominative plural)
ऋष्टे (singular vocative)
ऋष्टी (dual vocative)
ऋष्टयः (plural vocative)
ऋष्टिम् (accusative singular)
ऋष्टी (accusative dual)
ऋष्टीः (accusative plural)
ऋष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
ऋष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋष्टये (dative singular)
ऋष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
ऋष्टी1 (dative singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋष्टेः (ablative singular)
ऋष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
ऋष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
ऋष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋष्टेः (genitive singular)
ऋष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
ऋष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
ऋष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
ऋष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
ऋष्टौ (locative singular)
ऋष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
ऋष्टा1 (locative singular)
ऋष्ट्योः (dual locative)
ऋष्टिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥ṣtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥štíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥stís. The Sanskrit root is ऋष् (ṛṣ).


नु

nu (romanization)
नुः (nominative singular)
नू (dual nominative)
नवः (nominative plural)
नो (singular vocative)
नू (dual vocative)
नवः (plural vocative)
नुम् (accusative singular)
नू (accusative dual)
नून् (accusative plural)
नुना (instrumental singular)
न्वा1 (instrumental singular)
नुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नुभिः (instrumental plural)
नवे (dative singular)
न्वे1 (dative singular)
नुभ्याम् (dative dual)
नुभ्यः (dative plural)
नोः (ablative singular)
न्वः1 (ablative singular)
नुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नुभ्यः (ablative plural)
नोः (genitive singular)
न्वः1 (genitive singular)
न्वोः (dual genitive)
नूनाम् (genitive plural)
नौ (locative singular)
न्वोः (dual locative)
नुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *newH- (“to cry”), whence Old Irish núall (“a loud noise”), Tocharian B nu- (“to roar”), and perhaps Latin nūntius (“messenger”).


पिनाक

pínāka (romanization)
पिनाकः (nominative singular)
पिनाकौ (dual nominative)
पिनाकाः (nominative plural)
पिनाक (singular vocative)
पिनाकौ (dual vocative)
पिनाकाः (plural vocative)
पिनाकम् (accusative singular)
पिनाकौ (accusative dual)
पिनाकान् (accusative plural)
पिनाकेन (instrumental singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिनाकैः (instrumental plural)
पिनाकाय (dative singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिनाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिनाकात् (ablative singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिनाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिनाकस्य (genitive singular)
पिनाकयोः (dual genitive)
पिनाकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिनाके (locative singular)
पिनाकयोः (dual locative)
पिनाकेषु (locative plural)
पिनाकम् (nominative singular)
पिनाके (dual nominative)
पिनाकानि (nominative plural)
पिनाक (singular vocative)
पिनाके (dual vocative)
पिनाकानि (plural vocative)
पिनाकम् (accusative singular)
पिनाके (accusative dual)
पिनाकानि (accusative plural)
पिनाकेन (instrumental singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिनाकैः (instrumental plural)
पिनाकाय (dative singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिनाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिनाकात् (ablative singular)
पिनाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिनाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिनाकस्य (genitive singular)
पिनाकयोः (dual genitive)
पिनाकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिनाके (locative singular)
पिनाकयोः (dual locative)
पिनाकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पिनाक

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पिनाक</i>

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

पिनाकाभ्याम्

From Proto-Indo-European *pinē (“stick, wooden staff”). Compare Ancient Greek πίναξ (pínax, “board, plank”), Proto-Slavic *pь̏ňь (“trunk”) (Russian пень (penʹ, “trunk”)) and Middle Low German vîne (“pile of wood”).

cog

staff or bow (especially the bow of Rudra or Shiva)


हाला

hālā (romanization)
हाला (nominative singular)
हाले (dual nominative)
हालाः (nominative plural)
हाले (singular vocative)
हाले (dual vocative)
हालाः (plural vocative)
हालाम् (accusative singular)
हाले (accusative dual)
हालाः (accusative plural)
हालया (instrumental singular)
हालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हालाभिः (instrumental plural)
हालायै (dative singular)
हालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हालाभ्यः (dative plural)
हालायाः (ablative singular)
हालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हालाभ्यः (ablative plural)
हालायाः (genitive singular)
हालयोः (dual genitive)
हालानाम् (genitive plural)
हालायाम् (locative singular)
हालयोः (dual locative)
हालासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of हाला

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰol-eh₂ (“concentrated alcohol”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χάλις (khális, “pure wine”), Thracian ζίλαι (zílai).


छत्त्र

chattra (romanization)
छत्त्रम् (nominative singular)
छत्त्रे (dual nominative)
छत्त्राणि (nominative plural)
छत्त्रा1 (nominative plural)
छत्त्र (singular vocative)
छत्त्रे (dual vocative)
छत्त्राणि (plural vocative)
छत्त्रा1 (plural vocative)
छत्त्रम् (accusative singular)
छत्त्रे (accusative dual)
छत्त्राणि (accusative plural)
छत्त्रा1 (accusative plural)
छत्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
छत्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छत्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
छत्त्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
छत्त्राय (dative singular)
छत्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
छत्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
छत्त्रात् (ablative singular)
छत्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छत्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
छत्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
छत्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
छत्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
छत्त्रे (locative singular)
छत्त्रयोः (dual locative)
छत्त्रेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Magadhi Prakrit:

→ Assamese: ছাতি (sati), ছতা (sota)

Bengali: ছাতা (chata)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Hindi: छाता (chātā)
→ English: chatta

→ Angkorian Old Khmer: chatra, chattra°

Khmer: ឆត្រ (chat), ឆ័ត្រ (chat)

→ Thai: ฉัตร (chàt)

→ English: chhatra

desc

→ Gujarati: છત્ર (chatra), છત્રી (chatrī)

→ Hindi: छतरी (chatrī)

→ Konkani: सत्ते (satte)

desctree

→ Marathi: छत्री (chatrī), सत्री (satrī) — East Indian
→ Kannada: ಛತ್ರಿ (chatri)

desc

→ Tamil: சத்தி (catti), சத்திரம் (cattiram)

→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (čādur, “sheet, veil”)

→? Proto-Turkic: *čātïr (see there for further descendants)

Classical Persian: چَادُر (čādur) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Javanese: chattra
> Javanese: ꦕꦠꦿ (catra) (inherited) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: chatta

Punjabi: ਛੱਤ (chatta, “roof”)

→ Punjabi: ਛਤਰੀ (chatrī)

Urdu: چھتری (chatrī)
→ Pashto: چترۍ
→? Persian:
Dari: چتری (čatrī)
→ Yemeni Arabic: شِتْرِي (šitrī, “curtain”)

/t͡ɕʰɐt.tɾɐ/

[t͡ɕʰɐt̚.tɾɐ]

/ˈt͡ɕʰɐt̪.t̪ɾɐ/

[ˈt͡ɕʰɐt̪̚.t̪ɾɐ]

Uncertain; possibly related to छादयति (chādáyati, “to cover”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *šćatˢtrás, Proto-Indo-European *sḱed-tró-s, from *sḱed- or *sked- (“to cover”). Possible cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬍 (sāδaiiaṇtī, “long trousers”), Old English hætera (“garments”). The Sanskrit root is छद् (chad).