अथर्वन्

átharvan (romanization)
अथर्वा (nominative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणः (nominative plural)
अथर्वन् (singular vocative)
अथर्वाणौ (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणः (plural vocative)
अथर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (accusative dual)
अथर्वाणा1 (accusative dual)
अथर्वणः (accusative plural)
अथर्वणा (instrumental singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अथर्वभिः (instrumental plural)
अथर्वणे (dative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (dative plural)
अथर्वणः (ablative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (ablative plural)
अथर्वणः (genitive singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual genitive)
अथर्वणाम् (genitive plural)
अथर्वणि (locative singular)
अथर्वन्1 (locative singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual locative)
अथर्वसु (locative plural)

/ɐ́.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐn/

/ɐˈt̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *átʰarwā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *átʰarwā (“priest”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (āθrauuan). Ultimate origin unknown. Some scholars suggest it derives from the BMAC substrate.

a priest who has to do with fire and Soma


नामन्

nā́man (romanization)
नाम (nominative singular)
नाम्नी (dual nominative)
नामनी (dual nominative)
नामानि (nominative plural)
नाम1 (nominative plural)
नामा1 (nominative plural)
नामन् (singular vocative)
नाम (singular vocative)
नाम्नी (dual vocative)
नामनी (dual vocative)
नामानि (plural vocative)
नाम1 (plural vocative)
नामा1 (plural vocative)
नाम (accusative singular)
नाम्नी (accusative dual)
नामनी (accusative dual)
नामानि (accusative plural)
नाम1 (accusative plural)
नामा1 (accusative plural)
नाम्ना (instrumental singular)
नामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नामभिः (instrumental plural)
नाम्ने (dative singular)
नामभ्याम् (dative dual)
नामभ्यः (dative plural)
नाम्नः (ablative singular)
नामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नामभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाम्नः (genitive singular)
नाम्नोः (dual genitive)
नाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
नाम्नि (locative singular)
नामनि (locative singular)
नामन्1 (locative singular)
नाम्नोः (dual locative)
नामसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (nam)

Domaaki: [script needed] (nōm)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (nam)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (nã̄)

Kalami: [script needed] (nām)

Kalasha: نوم (nom)

Kashmiri: ناو (nāv)

Khowar: [script needed] (nam)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (nōm)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (nōm)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (nām)

Phalura: [script needed] (nō̃)

Shina: [script needed] (nom)

Shumashti: [script needed] (nām)

Tirahi: [script needed] (nām)

Torwali: [script needed] (nām)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (nām)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)

Sinhalese: නම (nama)

Khasa Prakrit:

Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)

Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Assamese: নাম (nam)

Bengali: নাম (nam)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)

Odia: ନାମ (nāma)

Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav, anav

Pali: nāma

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav, anav

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ (nā̃), ਨਾਉਂ (nāũ)

Shahmukhi script: ناں (nāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)

/ˈn̪ɑː.mɐn̪/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Latin nōmen, Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (nāman), Proto-Slavic *jьmę, Old Persian 𐎴𐎠𐎶 (n-a-m /nāma/) (whence Persian نام (nâm)), Hittite 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 (lāman), Old English nama (whence English name).

नाम अधात्

(with √kṛ or √vi-dhā)

a characteristic mark or sign, form, nature, kind, manner

नामधारक नामधारक#Sanskrit

नाममात्र नाममात्र#Sanskrit

नामशेष नामशेष#Sanskrit

merely the name (as opposed to reality; compare नामधारक (nāmadhāraka), नाममात्र (nāmamātra), नामशेष (nāmaśeṣa) etc.)

mīmāṃsā mīmāṃsā

substance, essence (in the mīmāṃsā philosophy opposed to guṇa, accidental quality)

श्वनामन् श्वनामन्#Sanskrit

सुमन्तुनामन् सुमन्तुनामन्#Sanskrit

a good or great name, renown, fame (only at the end of a compound; compare श्वनामन् (śvanāman), सुमन्तुनामन् (sumantunāman))


आस्

ā́s (romanization)
आसा (instrumental singular)
आ॒स॒या (instrumental singular)
आसः (ablative singular)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHs (“mouth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óh₃s (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬵 (āh) and Latin ōs (“mouth”) whence English oral and orifice.
Further cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš, “mouth”), Old Church Slavonic оуста (usta, “mouth”), Old Norse óss (“mouth”) (of a river), Old Irish á (“mouth”).

cog

यो हव्यान्यैरयता मनुर्हितो देव आसा सुगन्धिना ।
विवासते वार्याणि स्वध्वरो होता देवो अमर्त्यः ॥
yo havyānyairayatā manurhito deva āsā sugandhinā.

The God, the Friend of man, who bears our gifts to heaven, the God with his sweet-smelling mouth,
Distributes, skilled in sacrifice, his precious things, Invoking Priest, Immortal God.

vivāsate vāryāṇi svadhvaro hotā devo amartyaḥ.


ओष्ठ

óṣṭha (romanization)
ओष्ठः (nominative singular)
ओष्ठौ (dual nominative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
ओष्ठाः (nominative plural)
ओष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
ओष्ठ (singular vocative)
ओष्ठौ (dual vocative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
ओष्ठाः (plural vocative)
ओष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
ओष्ठम् (accusative singular)
ओष्ठौ (accusative dual)
ओष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
ओष्ठान् (accusative plural)
ओष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठाय (dative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओष्ठात् (ablative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
ओष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
ओष्ठे (locative singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual locative)
ओष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Pali: oṭṭha

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वुठ (wuṭh)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀑𑀝𑁆𑀞 (ŏṭṭha), 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (uṭṭha), 𑀳𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (hŏṭṭha), 𑀳𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (huṭṭha)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ඔට (oṭa)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: ओठ् (oṭh)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ওঁঠ (ü̃th)

Odia: ଓଠ (oṭha)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: वोंट (voṇṭa)

Marathi: ओठ (oṭh), ओंठ (oṇṭha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੋਠ (hoṭh), Punjabi: ਹੋਂਠ (hoṇṭh)

Pali: oṭṭha

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Domari: ōšt

Gujarati: હોઠ (hoṭh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: होंठ (hõṭh)

Urdu: ہونٹ (honṭ)

Romani: uśt, vusht (Anglicized), vuśt (International Standard), vušt (Pan-Vlax)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (“lip”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), “upper lip”), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, “two lips”), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (“lip, mouth”). See also आस् (ā́s, “mouth”).

cog

ओष्ठाविव मध्वास्ने वदन्ता स्तनाविव पिप्यतं जीवसे नः।
नासेव नस्तन्वो रक्षितारा कर्णाविव सुश्रुता भूतमस्मे॥
oṣṭhāviva madhvāsne vadantā stanāviva pipyataṃ jīvase naḥ.

Even as two lips that with the mouth speak honey, even as two breasts that nourish our existence,
Like the two nostrils that protect our being, be to us as our ears that hear distinctly.

nāseva nastanvo rakṣitārā karṇāviva suśrutā bhūtamasme.


ओष्ठ

(botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)


अंस

áṃsa (romanization)
अंसः (nominative singular)
अंसौ (dual nominative)
अंसा1 (dual nominative)
अंसाः (nominative plural)
अंसासः1 (nominative plural)
अंस (singular vocative)
अंसौ (dual vocative)
अंसा1 (dual vocative)
अंसाः (plural vocative)
अंसासः1 (plural vocative)
अंसम् (accusative singular)
अंसौ (accusative dual)
अंसा1 (accusative dual)
अंसान् (accusative plural)
अंसेन (instrumental singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंसैः (instrumental plural)
अंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अंसाय (dative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
अंसात् (ablative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंसस्य (genitive singular)
अंसयोः (dual genitive)
अंसानाम् (genitive plural)
अंसे (locative singular)
अंसयोः (dual locative)
अंसेषु (locative plural)

Pali: aṃsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲 (aṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

→ Odia: ଅଂସ (aṁsa)

→ Marathi: अंश (auśa)

→ Tamil: அம்ஸம் (amsam)

→ Telugu: అంసము (aṁsamu)

→ Malayalam: അംസം (aṁsaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óms-o-s (“shoulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”), Latin umerus (“shoulder”) (whence English humerus); Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams, “shoulder”).

ऋष्टयो वो मरुतो अंसयोर् अधि सह ओजो बाह्वोर् वो बलं हितम्।

Borne on both shoulders, O ye Maruts, are your spears: within your arms is laid your energy and strength.

ṛṣṭayo vo maruto aṃsayor adhi saha ojo bāhvor vo balaṃ hitam.

(in the dual) the two shoulders or angles of an altar


सवितृ

savitṛ́ (romanization)
सविता (nominative singular)
सवितारौ (dual nominative)
सवितारा1 (dual nominative)
सवितारः (nominative plural)
सवितः (singular vocative)
सवितारौ (dual vocative)
सवितारा1 (dual vocative)
सवितारः (plural vocative)
सवितारम् (accusative singular)
सवितारौ (accusative dual)
सवितारा1 (accusative dual)
सवितॄन् (accusative plural)
सवित्रा (instrumental singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सवितृभिः (instrumental plural)
सवित्रे (dative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (dative plural)
सवितुः (ablative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
सवितुः (genitive singular)
सवित्रोः (dual genitive)
सवितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
सवितरि (locative singular)
सवित्रोः (dual locative)
सवितृषु (locative plural)

From the full-grade of the root सू (sū, “to impel, to vivify”) + -तृ (-tṛ, agentive suffix).

दे॒वस्त्वष्टा॑ सवि॒ता वि॒श्वरू॑पः पु॒पोष॑ प्र॒जाः पु॑रु॒धा ज॑जान।
इ॒मा च॒ विश्वा॒ भुव॑नान्यस्य म॒हद्दे॒वाना॑मसुर॒त्वमेक॑म्॥
devástváṣṭā savitā́ viśvárūpaḥ pupóṣa prajā́ḥ purudhā́ jajāna.
imā́ ca víśvā bhúvanānyasya maháddevā́nāmasuratvámékam.

The divine Tvaṣṭā the impeller of all, the multiform, has begotten and nourished a numerous progeny, for all these worlds are of him; great and unequalled is the might of the gods.

impeller, vivifier (epithet of Tvashtar)


असृज्

ásṛj (romanization)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजौ (dual nominative)
असृजा1 (dual nominative)
असृजः (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजौ (dual vocative)
असृजा1 (dual vocative)
असृजः (plural vocative)
असृजम् (accusative singular)
असृजौ (accusative dual)
असृजा1 (accusative dual)
असृजः (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजी (dual nominative)
असृञ्जि (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजी (dual vocative)
असृञ्जि (plural vocative)
असृक् (accusative singular)
असृजी (accusative dual)
असृञ्जि (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.s̪r̩d͡ʑ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HásHr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognate with Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn) and perhaps Latin sanguis.

को ददर्श प्रथमं जायमानमस्थन्वन्तं यदनस्था बिभर्ति ।
भूम्या असुर्असृग्आत्मा क्व स्वित्को विद्वांसमुप गात्प्रष्टुमेतत् ॥
ko dadarśa prathamaṃ jāyamānamasthanvantaṃ yadanasthā bibharti.

Who hath beheld him as he sprang to being, seen how the boneless One supports the bony?
Where is the blood of earth, the life, the spirit? Who may approach the man who knows, to ask it?

bhūmyā asurasṛgātmā kva svitko vidvāṃsamupa gātpraṣṭumetat.

खे खानि वायौ निश्वासांस्तेजःसूष्माणमात्मवान्। अप्स्व्असृक्श्लेष्मपूयानि क्षितौ शेषं यथोद्भवम्॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.12.25

A sober, self-realized person who has full knowledge should merge the various parts of the body in their original sources. The holes in the body are caused by the sky, the process of breathing is caused by the air, the heat of the body is caused by fire, and semen, blood and mucus are caused by water. The hard substances, like skin, muscle and bone, are caused by earth. In this way all the constituents of the body are caused by various elements, and they should be merged again into those elements.

khe khāni vāyau niśvāsāṃstejaḥsūṣmāṇamātmavān. apsvasṛkśleṣmapūyāni kṣitau śeṣaṃ yathodbhavam.

मच्छूलभिन्नग्रीवस्य भूरिणा रुधिरेण वै। असृक्प्रियं तर्पयिष्ये भ्रातरं मे गतव्यथः॥
macchūlabhinnagrīvasya bhūriṇā rudhireṇa vai. asṛkpriyaṃ tarpayiṣye bhrātaraṃ me gatavyathaḥ.
I shall therefore sever Lord Viṣṇu’s head from his trunk by my trident, and with the profuse rudhira [blood] from his body I shall please my brother Hiraṇyākṣa, who was so fond of sucking asṛk [blood]. Thus shall I too be peaceful.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.2.8

इत्युक्त्वा भगवाञ्छाल्वं गदया भीमवेगया। तताड जत्रौ संरब्धः स चकम्पे वमन्न्असृक्॥
ityuktvā bhagavāñchālvaṃ gadayā bhīmavegayā. tatāḍa jatrau saṃrabdhaḥ sa cakampe vamannasṛk.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.77.20

Having said this, the furious Lord swung his club with frightening power and speed and hit Śālva on the collarbone, making him tremble and vomit blood.

तदा दितेः समभवत्सहसा हृदि वेपथुः। स्मरन्त्या भर्तुरादेशं स्तनाच्च्आसृक् प्रसुस्रुवे॥
tadā diteḥ samabhavatsahasā hṛdi vepathuḥ. smarantyā bharturādeśaṃ stanāccāsṛk prasusruve.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.19.23

At that very moment, a shudder suddenly ran through the heart of Diti, the mother of Hiraṇyākṣa. She recalled the words of her husband, Kaśyapa, and blood flowed from her breasts.

ववृषू रुधिरौघ्आसृक्पूयविण्मूत्रमेदसः। निपेतुर्गगनादस्य कबन्धान्यग्रतोऽनघ॥
vavṛṣū rudhiraughāsṛkpūyaviṇmūtramedasaḥ. nipeturgaganādasya kabandhānyagratoʼnagha.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.10.24

My dear faultless Vidura, in that rainfall there was blood, mucus, pus, stool, urine and marrow falling heavily before Dhruva Mahārāja, and there were trunks of bodies falling from the sky.


दृषद्

millstone, especially the lower mill-stone (which rests on the उपल)


प्रकाश

prakāśa (romanization)
प्रकाशः (nominative singular)
प्रकाशौ (dual nominative)
प्रकाशा1 (dual nominative)
प्रकाशाः (nominative plural)
प्रकाशासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रकाश (singular vocative)
प्रकाशौ (dual vocative)
प्रकाशा1 (dual vocative)
प्रकाशाः (plural vocative)
प्रकाशासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रकाशम् (accusative singular)
प्रकाशौ (accusative dual)
प्रकाशा1 (accusative dual)
प्रकाशान् (accusative plural)
प्रकाशेन (instrumental singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रकाशैः (instrumental plural)
प्रकाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रकाशाय (dative singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रकाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रकाशात् (ablative singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रकाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रकाशस्य (genitive singular)
प्रकाशयोः (dual genitive)
प्रकाशानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रकाशे (locative singular)
प्रकाशयोः (dual locative)
प्रकाशेषु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ (prakāś)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: prakāśa, prakosa
> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦏꦱ (prakasa) (inherited)
> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦏꦺꦴꦱ (prakosa) (inherited)

/pɾɐ.kɑː.ɕɐ/

/pɾɐˈkɑː.ɕɐ/

प्र- (pra-) + काश (kāśa), from the root काश् (kāś).


मोह

móha (romanization)
मुह् (root)
मोहः (nominative singular)
मोहौ (dual nominative)
मोहा1 (dual nominative)
मोहाः (nominative plural)
मोहासः1 (nominative plural)
मोह (singular vocative)
मोहौ (dual vocative)
मोहा1 (dual vocative)
मोहाः (plural vocative)
मोहासः1 (plural vocative)
मोहम् (accusative singular)
मोहौ (accusative dual)
मोहा1 (accusative dual)
मोहान् (accusative plural)
मोहेन (instrumental singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मोहैः (instrumental plural)
मोहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मोहाय (dative singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मोहेभ्यः (dative plural)
मोहात् (ablative singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मोहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मोहस्य (genitive singular)
मोहयोः (dual genitive)
मोहानाम् (genitive plural)
मोहे (locative singular)
मोहयोः (dual locative)
मोहेषु (locative plural)

Konkani: मोग (mog, “love”)

→ Kannada: ಮೋಹ (mōha)

→ Tamil: மோகம் (mōkam)

→ Telugu: మోహము (mōhamu)

Japanese: 馬鹿 (“foolish; fool”)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máwǰʰas, from the root *mawǰʰ- ~ *mawgʰ- (“to err, to be foolish, to deviate”), with further origin uncertain.
The "strange palatal alternation" of the root's final consonant suggests a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language, perhaps the BMAC substrate due to the root's presence in both Indic and Iranic. Alternatively, it suggests contamination from similar roots, such as *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceive”), whence द्रुह् (druh, “injury”), and *gʰawȷ́ʰ- (“to hide, conceal”), whence गुह् (guh, “to conceal”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬴𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (əṣ̌əmaoγa, “teacher of false doctrines”), Middle Persian 'hl-mwg'n (“heretics”), Khotanese [script needed] (mūys-, “to be foolish”).

cog

सेदिरुग्रा व्यृद्धिरार्तिश्चानपवाचना ।
श्रमस्तन्द्रीश्च मोहश्च तैरमून् अभि दधामि सर्वान् ॥
sedirugrā vyṛddhirārtiścānapavācanā.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 8.8.9

Great weakness and misfortune, pain which words can never charm away,
Languor, fatigue, bewilderment, with these I compass all the foes.

śramastandrīśca mohaśca tairamūn abhi dadhāmi sarvān.

loss of consciousness, bewilderment, perplexity, distraction, infatuation, delusion, error, folly

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

(in philosophy) darkness or delusion of mind (preventing the discernment of truth and leading men to believe in the reality of worldly objects)

(with Buddhists) ignorance (one of the three roots of vice Dharmas. 139)

a magical art employed to bewilder an enemy (= मोहन)

Infatuation personified (as the offspring of ब्रह्मा)


अजा

ajā (romanization)
अजा (nominative singular)
अजे (dual nominative)
अजाः (nominative plural)
अजे (singular vocative)
अजे (dual vocative)
अजाः (plural vocative)
अजाम् (accusative singular)
अजे (accusative dual)
अजाः (accusative plural)
अजया (instrumental singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजाभिः (instrumental plural)
अजायै (dative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजाभ्यः (dative plural)
अजायाः (ablative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजायाः (genitive singular)
अजयोः (dual genitive)
अजानाम् (genitive plural)
अजायाम् (locative singular)
अजयोः (dual locative)
अजासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अजा

Feminine form of अज (aja, “he-goat, driver”), from the root अज् (aj, “to drive”).

प्रकृति प्रकृति

female noun of प्रकृति, of माया or Illusion

name of a plant whose bulbs resemble the udder of a goat


असि

así (romanization)
असिः (nominative singular)
असी (dual nominative)
असयः (nominative plural)
असे (singular vocative)
असी (dual vocative)
असयः (plural vocative)
असिम् (accusative singular)
असी (accusative dual)
असीन् (accusative plural)
असिना (instrumental singular)
अस्या1 (instrumental singular)
असिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असिभिः (instrumental plural)
असये (dative singular)
असिभ्याम् (dative dual)
असिभ्यः (dative plural)
असेः (ablative singular)
अस्यः1 (ablative singular)
असिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
असिभ्यः (ablative plural)
असेः (genitive singular)
अस्यः1 (genitive singular)
अस्योः (dual genitive)
असीनाम् (genitive plural)
असौ (locative singular)
असा1 (locative singular)
अस्योः (dual locative)
असिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥sis (“dagger; knife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬏 (ahū), Latin ēnsis, Palaic 𒄩𒅆𒄿𒊏 (ḫa-ši-i-ra /hasīra/, “dagger”).

cog

sword, scimitar, knife (used for killing animals)


वाच्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́kš (“speech, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬑𐬱 (vāxš), Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps), Latin vōx, Persian آواز (âvâz), English voice (via Latin and Old French).

inh

आ भा॑त्य॒ग्निरु॒षसा॒मनी॑क॒मुद्विप्रा॑णां देव॒या वाचो॑ अस्थुः।
अ॒र्वाञ्चा॑ नू॒नं र॑थ्ये॒ह या॑तं पीपि॒वांस॑मश्विना घ॒र्ममच्छ॑॥
ā́ bhātyagníruṣásāmánīkamúdvíprāṇāṃ devayā́ vā́co asthuḥ.
arvā́ñcā nūnáṃ rathyehá yātaṃ pīpivā́ṃsamaśvinā gharmámáccha.

Agni light sup the face of the dawns; the devout voices of the pious have risen up; therefore, Aśvins, lords of the chariot, descending, come hither today to the splendid sacrifice, perfect in all its parts.

वाचम् (vācam)-√ṛ, √īr or √iṣ

to raise the voice, utter a sound, cry, call

speech, voice, talk, language (also of animals), sound (also of inanimate objects as of the stones used for pressing, of a drum etc.)

वाचं (vācaṃ)-√vad

वाचं व्या (vācaṃ vyā)-√hṛ

वाचं (vācaṃ)-√dā +dative

वाचा सत्यं (vācā satyaṃ)-√kṛ

to promise verbally in marriage, plight troth

a word, saying, phrase, sentence, statement, asseveration


अक्ष

अक्ष ॑ (canonical)
ákṣa (romanization)
अक्षः (nominative singular)
अक्षौ (dual nominative)
अक्षा1 (dual nominative)
अक्षाः (nominative plural)
अक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
अक्ष (singular vocative)
अक्षौ (dual vocative)
अक्षा1 (dual vocative)
अक्षाः (plural vocative)
अक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
अक्षम् (accusative singular)
अक्षौ (accusative dual)
अक्षा1 (accusative dual)
अक्षान् (accusative plural)
अक्षेण (instrumental singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षैः (instrumental plural)
अक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अक्षाय (dative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षात् (ablative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षस्य (genitive singular)
अक्षयोः (dual genitive)
अक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षे (locative singular)
अक्षयोः (dual locative)
अक्षेषु (locative plural)

Pali: akkha

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔 (akkha) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas
Sanskrit अक्ष॑ (ákṣa)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háṭṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-. Cognate with Latin axis.

etymon

अक्ष॑

the beam of a balance or string which holds the pivot of the beam


अक्ष

अ॒क्ष (canonical)
akṣá (romanization)
अक्षः (nominative singular)
अक्षौ (dual nominative)
अक्षा1 (dual nominative)
अक्षाः (nominative plural)
अक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
अक्ष (singular vocative)
अक्षौ (dual vocative)
अक्षा1 (dual vocative)
अक्षाः (plural vocative)
अक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
अक्षम् (accusative singular)
अक्षौ (accusative dual)
अक्षा1 (accusative dual)
अक्षान् (accusative plural)
अक्षेण (instrumental singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अक्षैः (instrumental plural)
अक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अक्षाय (dative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
अक्षात् (ablative singular)
अक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अक्षस्य (genitive singular)
अक्षयोः (dual genitive)
अक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
अक्षे (locative singular)
अक्षयोः (dual locative)
अक्षेषु (locative plural)

Pali: akkha, accha

Uncertain; per Mayrhofer, probably of non-Indo-European origin. The comparison with अक्ष (akṣa, “eye”) is probably not tenable since Indian dice were not dotted the same way as Western dice. Compare अक्षोट (akṣoṭa, “walnut”), which may have a shared origin. Compare also Latin ālea (“die; dice-game”) which derives from axis (“axle”).

अ॒क्ष

the plant Elaeocarpus angustifolius or its seed


एध

édha (romanization)
एधः (nominative singular)
एधौ (dual nominative)
एधा1 (dual nominative)
एधाः (nominative plural)
एधासः1 (nominative plural)
एध (singular vocative)
एधौ (dual vocative)
एधा1 (dual vocative)
एधाः (plural vocative)
एधासः1 (plural vocative)
एधम् (accusative singular)
एधौ (accusative dual)
एधा1 (accusative dual)
एधान् (accusative plural)
एधेन (instrumental singular)
एधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एधैः (instrumental plural)
एधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एधाय (dative singular)
एधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एधेभ्यः (dative plural)
एधात् (ablative singular)
एधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एधस्य (genitive singular)
एधयोः (dual genitive)
एधानाम् (genitive plural)
एधे (locative singular)
एधयोः (dual locative)
एधेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-o-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, fire”). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἶθος (aîthos), Latin aedis.


अप्

áp (romanization)
अप् (nominative singular)
अपौ (dual nominative)
अपा1 (dual nominative)
आपस् (nominative plural)
अप् (singular vocative)
अपौ (dual vocative)
अपा1 (dual vocative)
आपस् (plural vocative)
अपम् (accusative singular)
अपौ (accusative dual)
अपा1 (accusative dual)
अपः (accusative plural)
अपा (instrumental singular)
अद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अद्भिः (instrumental plural)
अपे (dative singular)
अद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
अद्भ्यः (dative plural)
अपः (ablative singular)
अद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
अद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
अपः (genitive singular)
अपोः (dual genitive)
अपाम् (genitive plural)
अपि (locative singular)
अपोः (dual locative)
अप्सु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (âu)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)

Pali: āpa

→ Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)

→ Bengali: অপ (op) (learned)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /apiyā/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).

cog

आपो॒ हि ष्ठा म॑यो॒भुव॒स्ता न॑ ऊ॒र्जे द॑धातन।
म॒हे रणा॑य॒ चक्ष॑से॥
ā́po hí ṣṭhā́ mayobhúvastā́ na ūrjé dadhātana.

Ye, Waters, are beneficent: so help ye us to energy
That we may look on great delight.

(astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo


शङ्ख

śaṅkhá (romanization)
शङ्खः (nominative singular)
शङ्खौ (dual nominative)
शङ्खा1 (dual nominative)
शङ्खाः (nominative plural)
शङ्खासः1 (nominative plural)
शङ्ख (singular vocative)
शङ्खौ (dual vocative)
शङ्खा1 (dual vocative)
शङ्खाः (plural vocative)
शङ्खासः1 (plural vocative)
शङ्खम् (accusative singular)
शङ्खौ (accusative dual)
शङ्खा1 (accusative dual)
शङ्खान् (accusative plural)
शङ्खेन (instrumental singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शङ्खैः (instrumental plural)
शङ्खेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शङ्खाय (dative singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शङ्खेभ्यः (dative plural)
शङ्खात् (ablative singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शङ्खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शङ्खस्य (genitive singular)
शङ्खयोः (dual genitive)
शङ्खानाम् (genitive plural)
शङ्खे (locative singular)
शङ्खयोः (dual locative)
शङ्खेषु (locative plural)
शङ्खम् (nominative singular)
शङ्खे (dual nominative)
शङ्खानि (nominative plural)
शङ्खा1 (nominative plural)
शङ्ख (singular vocative)
शङ्खे (dual vocative)
शङ्खानि (plural vocative)
शङ्खा1 (plural vocative)
शङ्खम् (accusative singular)
शङ्खे (accusative dual)
शङ्खानि (accusative plural)
शङ्खा1 (accusative plural)
शङ्खेन (instrumental singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शङ्खैः (instrumental plural)
शङ्खेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शङ्खाय (dative singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शङ्खेभ्यः (dative plural)
शङ्खात् (ablative singular)
शङ्खाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शङ्खेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शङ्खस्य (genitive singular)
शङ्खयोः (dual genitive)
शङ्खानाम् (genitive plural)
शङ्खे (locative singular)
शङ्खयोः (dual locative)
शङ्खेषु (locative plural)

Pali: saṅkha

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀗𑁆𑀔 (saṅkha)

Central:

Hindustani: saṅkh

Hindi: शंख

Urdu: سَنکھ

Eastern:

Assamese: শাঁক (xãk)

Bengali: শাঁখ (śãkh)

Odia: ସଂଖା (saṅkhā)

Northern:

Kumaoni: साँख (sā̃kh), साँक (sā̃k)

Northwestern:

Punjabi: saṉkh ("one hundred quadrillion")

Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਖ

Shahmukhi script: سنکھ

Punjabi: saṉgh ("conch")

Gurmukhi script: ਸੰਘ

Shahmukhi script: سنگھ

Sindhi: saṅghī

Arabic script: سَنگهِي

Devanagari script: संघी

Southern:

Dhivehi: ސަންގު (san̊gu)

Sinhalese: සක (saka)

→ Kannada: ಶಂಖ (śaṅkha)

desc

→ Malayalam: ചങ്ക് (caṅkŭ), ശംഖ് (śaṅkhŭ), ശംഖം (śaṅkhaṁ)

→ Tamil: சங்கு (caṅku)

→ Telugu: శంఖము (śaṅkhamu)

Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóngʰ-os with unexplained devoicing of the velar stop; doubtfully connected to Ancient Greek κόγχος (kónkhos).

a shell, (especially) the conch-shell (used for making libations of water or as an ornament for the arms or for the temples of an elephant ; a conch-shell perforated at one end is also used as a wind instrument or horn; in the battles of epic poetry, each hero being represented as provided with a conch-shell which serves as his horn or trumpet and often has a name)

a particularly high number (said to equal hundred of billions)


नस

अपीनस (apī-nasa)

उरूणस (urū-ṇasa) — broad-nosed

कुम्भीनस (kumbhī-nasa)

"jar-nosed", a kind of large venomous snake


क्रविस्

kravís (romanization)
क्रविः (nominative singular)
क्रविषी (dual nominative)
क्रवींषि (nominative plural)
क्रविः (singular vocative)
क्रविषी (dual vocative)
क्रवींषि (plural vocative)
क्रविः (accusative singular)
क्रविषी (accusative dual)
क्रवींषि (accusative plural)
क्रविषा (instrumental singular)
क्रविर्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रविर्भिः (instrumental plural)
क्रविषे (dative singular)
क्रविर्भ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रविर्भ्यः (dative plural)
क्रविषः (ablative singular)
क्रविर्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रविर्भ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रविषः (genitive singular)
क्रविषोः (dual genitive)
क्रविषाम् (genitive plural)
क्रविषि (locative singular)
क्रविषोः (dual locative)
क्रविःषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *krawíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawíš, from Proto-Indo-European *kréwh₂s, from *krewh₂- (“blood”). Cognate with Latin cruor, Ancient Greek κρέας (kréas), Proto-Slavic *kry, Old English hrǣw (whence English raw).


लघु

laghú (romanization)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघूः (accusative plural)
लघ्वा (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वै1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वाः1 (ablative singular)
लघ्वै2 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वाः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वै2 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वाम्1 (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)


लघु

laghú (romanization)
लघुः (nominative singular)
लघू (dual nominative)
लघवः (nominative plural)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघू (dual vocative)
लघवः (plural vocative)
लघुम् (accusative singular)
लघू (accusative dual)
लघून् (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघवे (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघोः (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघोः (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघौ (locative singular)
लघ्वोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)


लघु

laghú (romanization)
लघु (nominative singular)
लघुनी (dual nominative)
लघूनि (nominative plural)
लघु1 (nominative plural)
लघू1 (nominative plural)
लघु (singular vocative)
लघो (singular vocative)
लघुनी (dual vocative)
लघूनि (plural vocative)
लघु1 (plural vocative)
लघू1 (plural vocative)
लघु (accusative singular)
लघुनी (accusative dual)
लघूनि (accusative plural)
लघु1 (accusative plural)
लघू1 (accusative plural)
लघुना (instrumental singular)
लघ्वा1 (instrumental singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुभिः (instrumental plural)
लघुने (dative singular)
लघवे1 (dative singular)
लघ्वे1 (dative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुभ्यः (dative plural)
लघुनः (ablative singular)
लघोः1 (ablative singular)
लघ्वः1 (ablative singular)
लघुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघुनः (genitive singular)
लघोः1 (genitive singular)
लघ्वः1 (genitive singular)
लघुनोः (dual genitive)
लघूनाम् (genitive plural)
लघुनि (locative singular)
लघौ1 (locative singular)
लघुनोः (dual locative)
लघुषु (locative plural)

काष्ठा काष्ठा#Sanskrit

नाडिका नाडिका#Sanskrit

a particular measure of time (= 15 of काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) 1÷15 नाडिका (nāḍikā))

Chrysopogon zizanioides
Chrysopogon zizanioides#Translingual

the root of Chrysopogon zizanioides, formerly Andropogon muricatus


उद्र

udrá (romanization)
उद्रः (nominative singular)
उद्रौ (dual nominative)
उद्रा1 (dual nominative)
उद्राः (nominative plural)
उद्रासः1 (nominative plural)
उद्र (singular vocative)
उद्रौ (dual vocative)
उद्रा1 (dual vocative)
उद्राः (plural vocative)
उद्रासः1 (plural vocative)
उद्रम् (accusative singular)
उद्रौ (accusative dual)
उद्रा1 (accusative dual)
उद्रान् (accusative plural)
उद्रेण (instrumental singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्रैः (instrumental plural)
उद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्राय (dative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्रात् (ablative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्रस्य (genitive singular)
उद्रयोः (dual genitive)
उद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
उद्रे (locative singular)
उद्रयोः (dual locative)
उद्रेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উদ (ud)

Bengali: উদ (ud)

desctree

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀤 (udda)
Hindustani:
Hindi: ऊद (ūd)
Urdu: اود (ūd)

→ Odia: ଉଦ୍ର (udra)

→ Telugu: ఉద్రము (udramu)

→ Hindi: उद्र (udra)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *udrás (“otter”), from Proto-Indo-European *udrós (“aquatic animal; otter”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (udra), Latin lutra, Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros), Polish wydra, Russian вы́дра (výdra), Bulgarian ви́дра (vídra), Old English otor (whence English otter).

inh

अ॒न्य॒वा॒पो॒ ऽर्धमा॒साना॒म् ऋश्यो॑ म॒यूरः॑ सुप॒र्णस् ते ग॑न्धर्वाणा॑म् अ॒पाम् उ॒द्रो मा॒सां क॒श्यपो॑ रो॒हित् कु॑ण्डृ॒णाची॑ गो॒लत्ति॑का ते॑ ऽप्स॒रसां॑ मृ॒त्यवे॑ ऽसि॒तः ॥
anyavāpo ʼrdhámāsā́nām ṛ́śyo mayū́raḥ suparṇás té gandharvāṇām apā́m udró māsā́ṃ kaśyápo rohít kuṇḍṛṇā́cī goláttikā te ʼpsarásāṃ mṛtyáve ʼsitáḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 24.37

The cuckoo belongs to the Half Months; antelope, peacock, eagle, these are the Gandharvas’; the otter belongs to the Months; the tortoise, doe-antelope, iguana, Golathikâ belong to the Apsaras; the black snake belongs to Death.


उद्र

udrá (romanization)
उद्रम् (nominative singular)
उद्रे (dual nominative)
उद्राणि (nominative plural)
उद्रा1 (nominative plural)
उद्र (singular vocative)
उद्रे (dual vocative)
उद्राणि (plural vocative)
उद्रा1 (plural vocative)
उद्रम् (accusative singular)
उद्रे (accusative dual)
उद्राणि (accusative plural)
उद्रा1 (accusative plural)
उद्रेण (instrumental singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्रैः (instrumental plural)
उद्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्राय (dative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्रात् (ablative singular)
उद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्रस्य (genitive singular)
उद्रयोः (dual genitive)
उद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
उद्रे (locative singular)
उद्रयोः (dual locative)
उद्रेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s, from *wed- (“water”). See उदन् (udan), उदक (udaka) for cognates.

समुद्र

large body of water, confluence of rivers; sea, ocean


उदन्

udán (romanization)
उद (nominative singular)
उद्नी (dual nominative)
उदनी (dual nominative)
उदानि (nominative plural)
उद1 (nominative plural)
उदा1 (nominative plural)
उदन् (singular vocative)
उद (singular vocative)
उद्नी (dual vocative)
उदनी (dual vocative)
उदानि (plural vocative)
उद1 (plural vocative)
उदा1 (plural vocative)
उद (accusative singular)
उद्नी (accusative dual)
उदनी (accusative dual)
उदानि (accusative plural)
उद1 (accusative plural)
उदा1 (accusative plural)
उद्ना (instrumental singular)
उदभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उदभिः (instrumental plural)
उद्ने (dative singular)
उदभ्याम् (dative dual)
उदभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्नः (ablative singular)
उदभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उदभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्नः (genitive singular)
उद्नोः (dual genitive)
उद्नाम् (genitive plural)
उद्नि (locative singular)
उदनि (locative singular)
उदन्1 (locative singular)
उद्नोः (dual locative)
उदसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اودُر (ōdur, “wet”)

From the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáHr̥ (the nominative splitting off into the synonym वार् (vār)), from Proto-Indo-European *wód-r̥ ~ *ud-né-s, from *wódr̥ (“water”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”), Latin unda, Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar), Old Church Slavonic вода (voda), Old English wæter (whence English water). See also उदक (udaka).

आ नो॑ मित्रावरुणा ह॒व्यजु॑ष्टिं घृ॒तैर्गव्यू॑तिमुक्षत॒मिळा॑भिः ।
प्रति॑ वा॒मत्र॒ वर॒मा जना॑य पृणी॒तम्उ॒द्नो दि॒व्यस्य॒ चारो॑: ॥
ā́ no mitrāvaruṇā havyájuṣṭiṃ ghṛtaírgávyūtimukṣatamíḷābhiḥ.
práti vāmátra váramā́ jánāya pṛṇītámudnó divyásya cā́ro:.

Pour down in plenty here upon the people the choicest of your fair celestial water.

Come, taste our offering, Varuṇa and Mitra: bedew our pasture with sweet food and fatness.


मूष्

From Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s (“mouse”). Cognate with Latin mūs, Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs), Persian موش (muš), Old Church Slavonic мꙑшь (myšĭ), Old English mūs (English mouse).

सं मा तपन्त्यभितः सपत्नीरिव पर्शवः ।
मूषो न शिश्ना व्यदन्ति माध्य स्तोतारं ते शतक्रतो वित्तं मे अस्य रोदसी ॥
saṃ mā tapantyabhitaḥ sapatnīriva parśavaḥ.
mūṣo na śiśnā vyadanti mādhya stotāraṃ te śatakrato vittaṃ me asya rodasī.
Like rival wives, on every side, enclosing ribs oppress me sore.

O Śatakratu, biting cares devour me, singer of thy praise, like mice devour the weaver's threads. Mark this my woe, ye Earth and Heaven.

(figuratively) "stealer", "thief" (literal meaning from verbal root √muṣ)


धातु

dhā́tu (romanization)
धातुः (nominative singular)
धातू (dual nominative)
धातवः (nominative plural)
धातो (singular vocative)
धातू (dual vocative)
धातवः (plural vocative)
धातुम् (accusative singular)
धातू (accusative dual)
धातून् (accusative plural)
धातुना (instrumental singular)
धात्वा1 (instrumental singular)
धातुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धातुभिः (instrumental plural)
धातवे (dative singular)
धात्वे1 (dative singular)
धातुभ्याम् (dative dual)
धातुभ्यः (dative plural)
धातोः (ablative singular)
धात्वः1 (ablative singular)
धातुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धातुभ्यः (ablative plural)
धातोः (genitive singular)
धात्वः1 (genitive singular)
धात्वोः (dual genitive)
धातूनाम् (genitive plural)
धातौ (locative singular)
धात्वोः (dual locative)
धातुषु (locative plural)

Marathi: धातू (dhātū)

Punjabi: dhāt

Gurmukhi script: ਧਾਤ

Shahmukhi script: دھات

desctree

Pali: dhātu f
→ Burmese: ဓာတ် (dhat)
→ Shan: ထၢတ်ႈ (thāat)
→ Khmer: ធាតុ (thiət)
→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

→ Punjabi: ਧਾਤੂ (dhātū)

→ Old Javanese: dhātu
→ Balinese: ᬥᬵᬢᬸ (datu)

→ Pali: dhātu m (“root of a word”)
→ Thai: ธาตุ (tâat)

→ Telugu: ధాతువు (dhātuvu)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.t̪u/

Maybe inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-tu-, in that case cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬎 (vīδātu, “justification, providence”), Lithuanian dė́tų (“putting, placing”, supine) (dated), Old Church Slavonic дѣтъ (dětŭ, “putting, placing”, supine). Can be deconstructed as धा (dhā, “to put, place”) + -तु (-tu) (see दधाति (dádhāti)). The Sanskrit meaning may be explained as having developed from a resultative, ie “*the outcome of putting down”.

cog

a constituent element or essential ingredient of the body

primary element of the earth; i.e. metal, mineral, ore (especially a red mineral)

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


पाठ

pāṭha (romanization)
पाठः (nominative singular)
पाठौ (dual nominative)
पाठाः (nominative plural)
पाठ (singular vocative)
पाठौ (dual vocative)
पाठाः (plural vocative)
पाठम् (accusative singular)
पाठौ (accusative dual)
पाठान् (accusative plural)
पाठेन (instrumental singular)
पाठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाठैः (instrumental plural)
पाठाय (dative singular)
पाठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाठेभ्यः (dative plural)
पाठात् (ablative singular)
पाठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाठस्य (genitive singular)
पाठयोः (dual genitive)
पाठानाम् (genitive plural)
पाठे (locative singular)
पाठयोः (dual locative)
पाठेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पाठ

Pali: pāṭha

→ Hindi: पाठ (pāṭh)

→ Malayalam: പാഠം (pāṭhaṁ)

→ Marathi: पाठ (pāṭh)

→ Nepali: पाठ (pāṭh)

→ Punjabi: ਪਾਠ (pāṭha)

→ Tamil: பாடம் (pāṭam)

→ Telugu: పాఠము (pāṭhamu)

Vṛddhi derivative of पठ् (paṭh) + -अ (-a). Related to पठति (paṭhati).

reading, perusal, study (especially of sacred texts)

a particular method of reciting the text of the Veda


नगर

nágara (romanization)
nagará (romanization)
नगरम् (nominative singular)
नगरे (dual nominative)
नगराणि (nominative plural)
नगरा1 (nominative plural)
नगर (singular vocative)
नगरे (dual vocative)
नगराणि (plural vocative)
नगरा1 (plural vocative)
नगरम् (accusative singular)
नगरे (accusative dual)
नगराणि (accusative plural)
नगरा1 (accusative plural)
नगरेण (instrumental singular)
नगराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नगरैः (instrumental plural)
नगरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नगराय (dative singular)
नगराभ्याम् (dative dual)
नगरेभ्यः (dative plural)
नगरात् (ablative singular)
नगराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नगरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नगरस्य (genitive singular)
नगरयोः (dual genitive)
नगराणाम् (genitive plural)
नगरे (locative singular)
नगरयोः (dual locative)
नगरेषु (locative plural)
नगरम् (nominative singular)
नगरे (dual nominative)
नगराणि (nominative plural)
नगरा1 (nominative plural)
नगर (singular vocative)
नगरे (dual vocative)
नगराणि (plural vocative)
नगरा1 (plural vocative)
नगरम् (accusative singular)
नगरे (accusative dual)
नगराणि (accusative plural)
नगरा1 (accusative plural)
नगरेण (instrumental singular)
नगराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नगरैः (instrumental plural)
नगरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नगराय (dative singular)
नगराभ्याम् (dative dual)
नगरेभ्यः (dative plural)
नगरात् (ablative singular)
नगराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नगरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नगरस्य (genitive singular)
नगरयोः (dual genitive)
नगराणाम् (genitive plural)
नगरे (locative singular)
नगरयोः (dual locative)
नगरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪ɐ.ɡɐ.ɾɐ/

Tedesco derives the word from a dissimilating Prakritization of an unattested compound *नृगर (*nṛgará, “gathering of men”), from नृ (nṛ) + *गर (gara), the latter related to ग्राम (grāma, “village”) and Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (ăgorā́, “assembly”) (although Mayrhofer doubts Tedesco's derivation and considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian to Indo-Aryan). It is likely the ultimate source of similar words in Dravidian; compare Old Tamil 𑀦𑀓𑀭𑁆 (nakar, “house, palace, temple, city”), Telugu నగరు (nagaru, “palace”). Southworth derives the word from Proto-South Dravidian *nakar.

cog

अथ स्म नगरे रामः चरन् भैक्षम् गृहे वसेत् ।
काम कारः वरम् दातुम् अपि दासम् मम आत्मजम् ॥
atha sma nagare rāmaḥ caran bhaikṣam gṛhe vaset.

2002 translation by K. M. K. Murthy
Even giving my son to her as a slave would have been better. By that Rama would have at least stayed in the house by doing the work entrusted by her and roaming about in the city, asking alms.

kāma kāraḥ varam dātum api dāsam mama ātmajam.


स्वर

sa-noun

स्वर • (svára, svará) stem, m (root स्वर्)

svára (romanization)
svará (romanization)
स्वर् (root)
स्वरः (nominative singular)
स्वरौ (dual nominative)
स्वरा1 (dual nominative)
स्वराः (nominative plural)
स्वरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वर (singular vocative)
स्वरौ (dual vocative)
स्वरा1 (dual vocative)
स्वराः (plural vocative)
स्वरासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वरम् (accusative singular)
स्वरौ (accusative dual)
स्वरा1 (accusative dual)
स्वरान् (accusative plural)
स्वरेण (instrumental singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वरैः (instrumental plural)
स्वरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वराय (dative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वरात् (ablative singular)
स्वराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वरस्य (genitive singular)
स्वरयोः (dual genitive)
स्वराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वरे (locative singular)
स्वरयोः (dual locative)
स्वरेषु (locative plural)

→ Kapampangan: siwala

→ Khmer: សូរ (sou)

desctree

→ Malay: suara
Indonesian: suara
→ Kapampangan: siuala
→ Maguindanao: suala
→ Tausug: swara

→ Old Javanese: swara, sora
Javanese: ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara), ꦱꦾꦫ (syara), ꦱꦸꦮꦫ (suwara)
→ Balinese: ᬲ᭄ᬯᬭ (suara)
>? Javanese: ꦱꦿꦮ (srawa)
> Javanese: ꦱꦺꦴꦫ (sora, “loud”) (inherited)
>? Malay: sorak
> Indonesian: sorak (inherited)

→ Tamil: சுரம் (curam)

→ Telugu: స్వరము (svaramu)

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound”).

inh

दीर्घ स्वर

ह्रस्व स्वर


व्यञ्जन

vyáñjana (romanization)
व्यञ्जनः (nominative singular)
व्यञ्जनौ (dual nominative)
व्यञ्जना1 (dual nominative)
व्यञ्जनाः (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जनासः1 (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जन (singular vocative)
व्यञ्जनौ (dual vocative)
व्यञ्जना1 (dual vocative)
व्यञ्जनाः (plural vocative)
व्यञ्जनासः1 (plural vocative)
व्यञ्जनम् (accusative singular)
व्यञ्जनौ (accusative dual)
व्यञ्जना1 (accusative dual)
व्यञ्जनान् (accusative plural)
व्यञ्जनेन (instrumental singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यञ्जनैः (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनाय (dative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यञ्जनात् (ablative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यञ्जनस्य (genitive singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual genitive)
व्यञ्जनानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यञ्जने (locative singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual locative)
व्यञ्जनेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: व्यंजन (vyañjan)

→ Marathi: व्यंजन (vyañjan)

→ Gujarati: વ્યંજન (vyañjan)

→ Kannada: ವ್ಯಂಜನ (vyañjana)

→ Telugu: వ్యంజనము (vyañjanamu)

→ Balinese: ᬯ᭄ᬬᬜ᭄ᬚᬦ (wyanjana)

/ʋjɐ́ɲ.d͡ʑɐ.nɐ/

/ˈʋjɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

implied indication, allusion, suggestion


व्यञ्जन

vyáñjana (romanization)
व्यञ्जनम् (nominative singular)
व्यञ्जने (dual nominative)
व्यञ्जनानि (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जना1 (nominative plural)
व्यञ्जन (singular vocative)
व्यञ्जने (dual vocative)
व्यञ्जनानि (plural vocative)
व्यञ्जना1 (plural vocative)
व्यञ्जनम् (accusative singular)
व्यञ्जने (accusative dual)
व्यञ्जनानि (accusative plural)
व्यञ्जना1 (accusative plural)
व्यञ्जनेन (instrumental singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्यञ्जनैः (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्यञ्जनाय (dative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्यञ्जनात् (ablative singular)
व्यञ्जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्यञ्जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्यञ्जनस्य (genitive singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual genitive)
व्यञ्जनानाम् (genitive plural)
व्यञ्जने (locative singular)
व्यञ्जनयोः (dual locative)
व्यञ्जनेषु (locative plural)

/ʋjɐ́ɲ.d͡ʑɐ.nɐ/

/ˈʋjɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

mark of sex or gender (as the beard, breasts etc.), the private parts (male or female)

anything used in cooking or preparing food, seasoning, sauce, condiment


ह्रस्व

hrasvá (romanization)
ह्रस्वः (nominative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual nominative)
ह्रस्वाः (nominative plural)
ह्रस्वासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्रस्व (singular vocative)
ह्रस्वौ (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वा1 (dual vocative)
ह्रस्वाः (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वासः1 (plural vocative)
ह्रस्वम् (accusative singular)
ह्रस्वौ (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वा1 (accusative dual)
ह्रस्वान् (accusative plural)
ह्रस्वेन (instrumental singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रस्वैः (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्रस्वाय (dative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रस्वात् (ablative singular)
ह्रस्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रस्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रस्वस्य (genitive singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual genitive)
ह्रस्वानाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रस्वे (locative singular)
ह्रस्वयोः (dual locative)
ह्रस्वेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rahassa)

→ Hindi: ह्रस्व (hrasva)

→ Bengali: হ্রস্ব (hrośśo)

→ Kannada: ಹ್ರಸ್ವ (hrasva)

→ Marathi: ऱ्हस्व (rhasva)

→ Nepali: ह्रस्व (hraswa)

→ Telugu: హ్రస్వము (hrasvamu)

→ Tamil: ஹ்ரஸ்வம் (hrasvam)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰraswás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“short”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬀𐬵𐬈𐬵𐬍 (zrahehī), Old Irish gerr, English girl.


नीड

nīḍá (romanization)
नीडः (nominative singular)
नीडौ (dual nominative)
नीडा1 (dual nominative)
नीडाः (nominative plural)
नीडासः1 (nominative plural)
नीड (singular vocative)
नीडौ (dual vocative)
नीडा1 (dual vocative)
नीडाः (plural vocative)
नीडासः1 (plural vocative)
नीडम् (accusative singular)
नीडौ (accusative dual)
नीडा1 (accusative dual)
नीडान् (accusative plural)
नीडेन (instrumental singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीडैः (instrumental plural)
नीडेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नीडाय (dative singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीडेभ्यः (dative plural)
नीडात् (ablative singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीडस्य (genitive singular)
नीडयोः (dual genitive)
नीडानाम् (genitive plural)
नीडे (locative singular)
नीडयोः (dual locative)
नीडेषु (locative plural)
नीडम् (nominative singular)
नीडे (dual nominative)
नीडानि (nominative plural)
नीडा1 (nominative plural)
नीड (singular vocative)
नीडे (dual vocative)
नीडानि (plural vocative)
नीडा1 (plural vocative)
नीडम् (accusative singular)
नीडे (accusative dual)
नीडानि (accusative plural)
नीडा1 (accusative plural)
नीडेन (instrumental singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीडैः (instrumental plural)
नीडेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नीडाय (dative singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीडेभ्यः (dative plural)
नीडात् (ablative singular)
नीडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीडस्य (genitive singular)
नीडयोः (dual genitive)
नीडानाम् (genitive plural)
नीडे (locative singular)
नीडयोः (dual locative)
नीडेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *niẓḍás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *niždás, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“nest”). The constituent parts are नि (ni, “down”) and √सद् (sad), a root related with lying, sitting or sinking. Cognates include Latin nīdus, Old Armenian նիստ (nist), Old Church Slavonic гнѣздо (gnězdo), English nest.

any place for settling down, resting-place, abode


पसस्

pásas (romanization)
पसः (nominative singular)
पससी (dual nominative)
पसांसि (nominative plural)
पसः (singular vocative)
पससी (dual vocative)
पसांसि (plural vocative)
पसः (accusative singular)
पससी (accusative dual)
पसांसि (accusative plural)
पससा (instrumental singular)
पसोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पसोभिः (instrumental plural)
पससे (dative singular)
पसोभ्याम् (dative dual)
पसोभ्यः (dative plural)
पससः (ablative singular)
पसोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पसोभ्यः (ablative plural)
पससः (genitive singular)
पससोः (dual genitive)
पससाम् (genitive plural)
पससि (locative singular)
पससोः (dual locative)
पसःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *pés-o-s (“penis”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέος (péos), Latin pēnis, Old English fæsl.

आहं तनोमि ते पसो अधि ज्यामिव धन्वनि ।
क्रमस्वर्श इव रोहितमनवग्लायता सदा ॥
āhaṃ tanomi te paso adhi jyāmiva dhanvani.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.101.3

I stretch your penis like a bowstring on a bow
Approach [a woman] tirelessly always, like a stag approaches a doe.

kramasvarśa iva rohitamanavaglāyatā sadā.

...विड्वै गभो राष्ट्रं पसो राष्ट्रमेव विश्याहन्ति तस्माद्राष्ट्रो विशं घातुकः

...the vulva, doubtless, [represents] the people, and the penis [represents] royal power; and [in the same way] royal power, indeed, presses hard on and strikes the people on account of which the wielder of royal power is apt to strike down people.

...viḍvai gabho rāṣṭraṃ paso rāṣṭrameva viśyāhanti tasmādrāṣṭro viśaṃ ghātukaḥ


यातृ

yā́tṛ (romanization)
याता (nominative singular)
यातरौ (dual nominative)
यातरा1 (dual nominative)
यातरः (nominative plural)
यातः (singular vocative)
यातरौ (dual vocative)
यातरा1 (dual vocative)
यातरः (plural vocative)
यातरम् (accusative singular)
यातरौ (accusative dual)
यातरा1 (accusative dual)
यातॄः (accusative plural)
यात्रा (instrumental singular)
यातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यातृभिः (instrumental plural)
यात्रे (dative singular)
यातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
यातृभ्यः (dative plural)
यातुः (ablative singular)
यातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
यातुः (genitive singular)
यात्रोः (dual genitive)
यातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
यातरि (locative singular)
यात्रोः (dual locative)
यातृषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀉𑀬𑀸 (jāuyā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HyáHtā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HyáHtā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁yn̥h₂tēr. Cognate with Latin janitrīcēs, Ancient Greek ἐνάτηρ (enátēr).

co-sister-in-law, husband’s brother’s wife


यकृत्

yákṛt (romanization)
यकृत् (nominative singular)
यकृत् (accusative singular)
यक्ना (instrumental singular)
यक्नः (ablative singular)
यकृतः (ablative singular)
यक्नः (genitive singular)
यकृति (locative singular)

Dardic: (< यकन् (yákan))

Kalami: [script needed] (yān)

Kalasha: žạ́ŋgu

Khowar: ݰیغُن (ṣéġun)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (yū̃)

Shina: [script needed] (yum)

Torwali: [script needed] (ǰogō)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕 (jaga)

Marathi: जरंडी (jaraṇḍī, “hepatitis”)

Pali: yaka, yakana

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀕 (jaga)

Kumaoni: जिकुडो (jikuṛo)

Sindhi: जेरो (jero)

→ Kannada: ಯಕೃತ್ತು (yakṛttu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyákr̥ (“liver”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥ (“liver”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬆 (yākar^ə), Persian جگر (jegar), Latin iecur, Ancient Greek ἧπαρ (hêpar), Old Armenian լեարդ (leard).

यक्ष्मं मतस्नाभ्यां यक्नः प्लाशिभ्यो वि वृहामि ते ॥

From kidneys, liver, and from the spleen, I drive thy malady away.

yakṣmaṃ matasnābhyāṃ yaknaḥ plāśibhyo vi vṛhāmi te.


वृक

vṛ́ka (romanization)
वृकः (nominative singular)
वृकौ (dual nominative)
वृका1 (dual nominative)
वृकाः (nominative plural)
वृकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृक (singular vocative)
वृकौ (dual vocative)
वृका1 (dual vocative)
वृकाः (plural vocative)
वृकासः1 (plural vocative)
वृकम् (accusative singular)
वृकौ (accusative dual)
वृका1 (accusative dual)
वृकान् (accusative plural)
वृकेण (instrumental singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृकैः (instrumental plural)
वृकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृकाय (dative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृकात् (ablative singular)
वृकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृकस्य (genitive singular)
वृकयोः (dual genitive)
वृकाणाम् (genitive plural)
वृके (locative singular)
वृकयोः (dual locative)
वृकेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit:

Chakma: 𑄤𑄇𑄴 (wāk)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬 (vaya)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀅 (vaa)

Gujarati: વરુ (varu)

Kachchi: વરુ (varu)

Dardic:

Shina: उरुक (uruk)

Pali: vaka

→ Hindi: वृक (vŕk)

→ Marathi: वृक (vŕk)

→ Telugu: వృకము (vr̥kamu)

→ Bengali: বৃক (brik)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

मा वां॒ वृको॒ मा वृ॒कीरा द॑धर्षी॒न्मा परि॑ वर्क्तमु॒त माति॑ धक्तम् ।
अ॒यं वां॑ भा॒गो निहि॑त इ॒यं गीर्दस्रा॑वि॒मे वां॑ नि॒धयो॒ मधू॑नाम् ॥
mā́ vāṃ vṛ́ko mā́ vṛkī́rā́ dadharṣīnmā́ pári varktamutá mā́ti dhaktam.

Let not the wolf, let not the she-wolf harm you.
Forsake me not, nor pass me by or others.

ayáṃ vāṃ bhāgó níhita iyáṃ gī́rdásrāvimé vāṃ nidháyo mádhūnām.

यो न॑: पूषन्न॒घो वृको॑ दु॒:शेव॑ आ॒दिदे॑शति ।
अप॑ स्म॒ तं प॒थो ज॑हि ॥
yó na: pūṣannaghó vṛ́ko du:śéva ādídeśati.
ápa sma táṃ pathó jahi.

Drive, Pūṣan, from our road the wolf, the wicked inauspicious wolf,

Pinus palustris
Pinus palustris#Translingual

the resin of Pinus longifolia, now Pinus palustris


वि

ví (romanization)
विः (nominative singular)
वेः (nominative singular)
वी (dual nominative)
वयः (nominative plural)
वे (singular vocative)
वी (dual vocative)
वयः (plural vocative)
विम् (accusative singular)
वी (accusative dual)
वीन् (accusative plural)
विना (instrumental singular)
व्या1 (instrumental singular)
विभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विभिः (instrumental plural)
वये (dative singular)
विभ्याम् (dative dual)
विभ्यः (dative plural)
वेः (ablative singular)
व्यः1 (ablative singular)
विभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेः (genitive singular)
व्यः1 (genitive singular)
व्योः (dual genitive)
वीनाम् (genitive plural)
वौ (locative singular)
वा1 (locative singular)
व्योः (dual locative)
विषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwíš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwis (“bird”). Cognate with Latin avis (“bird”), Ancient Greek ἀετός (aetós, “eagle”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (vaiia).

वि या सृ॒जति॒ सम॑नं॒ व्य१॒॑र्थिन॑: प॒दं न वे॒त्योद॑ती।
वयो॒ नकि॑ष्टे पप्ति॒वांस॑ आसते॒ व्यु॑ष्टौ वाजिनीवति॥
ví yā́ sṛjáti sámanaṃ vyàrthína: padáṃ ná vetyódatī.

She sends the busy forth, each man to his pursuit: delay she knows not as she springs.
O rich in opulence, after thy dawning birds that have flown forth no longer rest.

váyo nákiṣṭe paptivā́ṃsa āsate vyùṣṭau vājinīvati.


वाज

vā́ja (romanization)
वाजः (nominative singular)
वाजौ (dual nominative)
वाजा1 (dual nominative)
वाजाः (nominative plural)
वाजासः1 (nominative plural)
वाज (singular vocative)
वाजौ (dual vocative)
वाजा1 (dual vocative)
वाजाः (plural vocative)
वाजासः1 (plural vocative)
वाजम् (accusative singular)
वाजौ (accusative dual)
वाजा1 (accusative dual)
वाजान् (accusative plural)
वाजेन (instrumental singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाजैः (instrumental plural)
वाजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाजाय (dative singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाजेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाजात् (ablative singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाजस्य (genitive singular)
वाजयोः (dual genitive)
वाजानाम् (genitive plural)
वाजे (locative singular)
वाजयोः (dual locative)
वाजेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́ȷ́as, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“lively”). Cognate with Latin vegeō, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wakan), English wake.

strength, vigour, energy, spirit, speed (especially of a horse)

इन्दो॒ व्यव्य॑मर्षसि॒ वि श्रवां॑सि॒ वि सौभ॑गा।
वि वाजा॑न्त्सोम॒ गोम॑तः॥
índo vyávyamarṣasi ví śrávāṃsi ví saúbhagā.

Indu, you have flowed through the fleece, you grant us food and wealth; (therefore grant us), Soma, the reward of kine.

the prize of a race or of battle, booty, gain, reward, any precious or valuable possession, wealth, treasure

a swift or spirited horse, war-horse, steed


वाज

vāja (romanization)
वाजम् (nominative singular)
वाजे (dual nominative)
वाजानि (nominative plural)
वाजा1 (nominative plural)
वाज (singular vocative)
वाजे (dual vocative)
वाजानि (plural vocative)
वाजा1 (plural vocative)
वाजम् (accusative singular)
वाजे (accusative dual)
वाजानि (accusative plural)
वाजा1 (accusative plural)
वाजेन (instrumental singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाजैः (instrumental plural)
वाजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाजाय (dative singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाजेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाजात् (ablative singular)
वाजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाजस्य (genitive singular)
वाजयोः (dual genitive)
वाजानाम् (genitive plural)
वाजे (locative singular)
वाजयोः (dual locative)
वाजेषु (locative plural)

an oblation of rice offered at a Śrāddha

an acetous mixture of ground meal and water left to ferment

a Mantra or prayer concluding a sacrifice


वत्स

vatsá (romanization)
वत्सः (nominative singular)
वत्सौ (dual nominative)
वत्सा1 (dual nominative)
वत्साः (nominative plural)
वत्सासः1 (nominative plural)
वत्स (singular vocative)
वत्सौ (dual vocative)
वत्सा1 (dual vocative)
वत्साः (plural vocative)
वत्सासः1 (plural vocative)
वत्सम् (accusative singular)
वत्सौ (accusative dual)
वत्सा1 (accusative dual)
वत्सान् (accusative plural)
वत्सेन (instrumental singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वत्सैः (instrumental plural)
वत्सेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वत्साय (dative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (dative plural)
वत्सात् (ablative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वत्सस्य (genitive singular)
वत्सयोः (dual genitive)
वत्सानाम् (genitive plural)
वत्से (locative singular)
वत्सयोः (dual locative)
वत्सेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বাছা (basa)

Bengali: বাছা (bacha), বাছুর (bachur)

Pali: vaccha

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙 (vaccha)

Hindi: बाछा (bāchā)

⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀉𑀟 (vacchaüḍa)

Dardic:

Kalasha: bač̣họ́a

Khowar: بَݯھوڑ (bac̣hóɫ)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: बछड़ा (bachṛā)

Urdu: بچھڑا (bachṛā)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wet-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *wétos
Proto-Indo-European *-ós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás
Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás (“yearling, calf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”). Cognate with Persian بچه (bačče, “child, kid”). Compare also Finnish vasa (“calf, fawn”), inherited from an Indo-Iranian borrowing.

inh

निश्चर्म॑ण ऋभवो॒ गाम॑पिंशत॒ सं व॒त्सेना॑सृजता मा॒तरं॒ पुनः॑ ।
níścármaṇa ṛbhavo gā́mapiṃśata sáṃ vatsénāsṛjatā mātáraṃ púnaḥ.

Out of skin, O Ṛbhus, once ye formed a cow, and brought the mother close unto her calf again.

the young of any animal, offspring, child

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

संवत्सम् संवत्सम्#Sanskrit

त्रिवत्स त्रिवत्स#Sanskrit

(only in compounds like संवत्सम् (saṃvatsam, “for a year”) and त्रिवत्स (trivatsa, “three years old”)) a year


वत्स

vatsa (romanization)
वत्सः (nominative singular)
वत्सौ (dual nominative)
वत्सा1 (dual nominative)
वत्साः (nominative plural)
वत्सासः1 (nominative plural)
वत्स (singular vocative)
वत्सौ (dual vocative)
वत्सा1 (dual vocative)
वत्साः (plural vocative)
वत्सासः1 (plural vocative)
वत्सम् (accusative singular)
वत्सौ (accusative dual)
वत्सा1 (accusative dual)
वत्सान् (accusative plural)
वत्सेन (instrumental singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वत्सैः (instrumental plural)
वत्सेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वत्साय (dative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (dative plural)
वत्सात् (ablative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वत्सस्य (genitive singular)
वत्सयोः (dual genitive)
वत्सानाम् (genitive plural)
वत्से (locative singular)
वत्सयोः (dual locative)
वत्सेषु (locative plural)
वत्सम् (nominative singular)
वत्से (dual nominative)
वत्सानि (nominative plural)
वत्सा1 (nominative plural)
वत्स (singular vocative)
वत्से (dual vocative)
वत्सानि (plural vocative)
वत्सा1 (plural vocative)
वत्सम् (accusative singular)
वत्से (accusative dual)
वत्सानि (accusative plural)
वत्सा1 (accusative plural)
वत्सेन (instrumental singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वत्सैः (instrumental plural)
वत्सेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वत्साय (dative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (dative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (dative plural)
वत्सात् (ablative singular)
वत्साभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वत्सेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वत्सस्य (genitive singular)
वत्सयोः (dual genitive)
वत्सानाम् (genitive plural)
वत्से (locative singular)
वत्सयोः (dual locative)
वत्सेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: বাছা (bacha)

Bengali: বৎস (botśo)

desc

→ Telugu: వత్సము (vatsamu), వత్సుడు (vatsuḍu)


उरण

úraṇa (romanization)
उरणः (nominative singular)
उरणौ (dual nominative)
उरणा1 (dual nominative)
उरणाः (nominative plural)
उरणासः1 (nominative plural)
उरण (singular vocative)
उरणौ (dual vocative)
उरणा1 (dual vocative)
उरणाः (plural vocative)
उरणासः1 (plural vocative)
उरणम् (accusative singular)
उरणौ (accusative dual)
उरणा1 (accusative dual)
उरणान् (accusative plural)
उरणेन (instrumental singular)
उरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उरणैः (instrumental plural)
उरणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उरणाय (dative singular)
उरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
उरणात् (ablative singular)
उरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उरणस्य (genitive singular)
उरणयोः (dual genitive)
उरणानाम् (genitive plural)
उरणे (locative singular)
उरणयोः (dual locative)
उरणेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₁ḗn (“ram”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀρήν (arḗn), Old Armenian գառն (gaṙn), Persian بره (barra).


ऊर्णा

sa-noun

ऊर्णा • (ū́rṇā) stem, f

ū́rṇā (romanization)
ऊर्णा (nominative singular)
ऊर्णे (dual nominative)
ऊर्णाः (nominative plural)
ऊर्णे (singular vocative)
ऊर्णे (dual vocative)
ऊर्णाः (plural vocative)
ऊर्णाम् (accusative singular)
ऊर्णे (accusative dual)
ऊर्णाः (accusative plural)
ऊर्णया (instrumental singular)
ऊर्णा1 (instrumental singular)
ऊर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊर्णाभिः (instrumental plural)
ऊर्णायै (dative singular)
ऊर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊर्णाभ्यः (dative plural)
ऊर्णायाः (ablative singular)
ऊर्णायै2 (ablative singular)
ऊर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊर्णाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊर्णायाः (genitive singular)
ऊर्णायै2 (genitive singular)
ऊर्णयोः (dual genitive)
ऊर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
ऊर्णायाम् (locative singular)
ऊर्णयोः (dual locative)
ऊर्णासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वोन् (wōn)

Khasa Prakrit:

Dogri: unna

Devanagari script: उन्न

Dogra script: 𑠄𑠝𑠹𑠝

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: উণ (un)

Bengali: ঊণ (un)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਉੱਨ (unna)

Pali: uṇṇa

→ Kannada: ಉಣ್ಣೆ (uṇṇe)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀸 (uṇṇā)

Kachchi: ઊન (ūna)

Hindustani:

Hindi: ऊन (ūn)

Urdu: اون (ūn)

→ Hindi: ऊर्णा (ūrṇā) (learned)

→ Tocharian A: urṇ

→ Tocharian B: *ūrṇ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwŕ̥HnaH
Sanskrit ऊर्णा (ūrṇā)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwŕ̥HnaH (“wool”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂ (“wool”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬁 (var^ənā), Ancient Greek λῆνος (lênos), Latin lāna, Lithuanian vìlna, English wool.

inh+

उत स्म ते परुष्ण्याम्ऊर्णा वसत शुन्ध्यवः।
उत पव्या रथानामद्रिं भिन्दन्त्योजसा॥
uta sma te paruṣṇyāmūrṇā vasata śundhyavaḥ.
uta pavyā rathānāmadriṃ bhindantyojasā.

And with their chariot tires they cleave the rock asunder in their might.

Fair-gleaming, on Paruṣṇī they have clothed themselves in robes of wool,


भीति

bhīti (romanization)
भीतिः (nominative singular)
भीती (dual nominative)
भीतयः (nominative plural)
भीते (singular vocative)
भीती (dual vocative)
भीतयः (plural vocative)
भीतिम् (accusative singular)
भीती (accusative dual)
भीतीः (accusative plural)
भीत्या (instrumental singular)
भीती1 (instrumental singular)
भीतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भीतिभिः (instrumental plural)
भीतये (dative singular)
भीत्यै2 (dative singular)
भीती1 (dative singular)
भीतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
भीतिभ्यः (dative plural)
भीतेः (ablative singular)
भीत्याः2 (ablative singular)
भीत्यै3 (ablative singular)
भीतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भीतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
भीतेः (genitive singular)
भीत्याः2 (genitive singular)
भीत्यै3 (genitive singular)
भीत्योः (dual genitive)
भीतीनाम् (genitive plural)
भीतौ (locative singular)
भीत्याम्2 (locative singular)
भीता1 (locative singular)
भीत्योः (dual locative)
भीतिषु (locative plural)

→ Malayalam: ഭീതി (bhīti) (learned)

→ Marathi: भीती (bhītī) (learned)

→ Tamil: பீதி (pīti) (learned)

→ Telugu: భీతి (bhīti) (learned)


बोधन

bodhana (romanization)
बोधनम् (nominative singular)
बोधने (dual nominative)
बोधनानि (nominative plural)
बोधना1 (nominative plural)
बोधन (singular vocative)
बोधने (dual vocative)
बोधनानि (plural vocative)
बोधना1 (plural vocative)
बोधनम् (accusative singular)
बोधने (accusative dual)
बोधनानि (accusative plural)
बोधना1 (accusative plural)
बोधनेन (instrumental singular)
बोधनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधनैः (instrumental plural)
बोधनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बोधनाय (dative singular)
बोधनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधनेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधनात् (ablative singular)
बोधनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधनस्य (genitive singular)
बोधनयोः (dual genitive)
बोधनानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधने (locative singular)
बोधनयोः (dual locative)
बोधनेषु (locative plural)

calling forth a perfume, burning incense

‘the awaking of Durgā’, name of a festival on the 9th day of the dark half of the month Bhādra


पठन

paṭhana (romanization)
पठनम् (nominative singular)
पठने (dual nominative)
पठनानि (nominative plural)
पठना1 (nominative plural)
पठन (singular vocative)
पठने (dual vocative)
पठनानि (plural vocative)
पठना1 (plural vocative)
पठनम् (accusative singular)
पठने (accusative dual)
पठनानि (accusative plural)
पठना1 (accusative plural)
पठनेन (instrumental singular)
पठनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पठनैः (instrumental plural)
पठनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पठनाय (dative singular)
पठनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पठनेभ्यः (dative plural)
पठनात् (ablative singular)
पठनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पठनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पठनस्य (genitive singular)
पठनयोः (dual genitive)
पठनानाम् (genitive plural)
पठने (locative singular)
पठनयोः (dual locative)
पठनेषु (locative plural)

→ Tamil: படனம் (paṭaṉam)

→ Malayalam: പഠനം (paṭhanaṁ)

/ˈpɐ.ʈʰɐ.n̪ɐ/


हृद्

hṛ́d (romanization)
हृत् (nominative singular)
हृदी (dual nominative)
हृदि (nominative plural)
हृत् (singular vocative)
हृदी (dual vocative)
हृदि (plural vocative)
हृत् (accusative singular)
हृदी (accusative dual)
हृदि (accusative plural)
हृदा (instrumental singular)
हृद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हृद्भिः (instrumental plural)
हृदे (dative singular)
हृद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
हृद्भ्यः (dative plural)
हृदः (ablative singular)
हृद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
हृद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
हृदः (genitive singular)
हृदोः (dual genitive)
हृदाम् (genitive plural)
हृदि (locative singular)
हृदोः (dual locative)
हृत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥d-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd), Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Latin cor, German Herz, Old English heorte (whence English heart). Related to हृदय (hṛ́daya).

कद्रु॒द्राय॒ प्रचे॑तसे मी॒ळ्हुष्ट॑माय॒ तव्य॑से ।
वो॒चेम॒ शंत॑मं हृ॒दे ॥
kádrudrā́ya prácetase mīḷhúṣṭamāya távyase.

What shall we sing to Rudra, strong, most generous, excellently wise,
That shall be dearest to his heart?


कृत्ति

kṛtti (romanization)
कृत्तिः (nominative singular)
कृत्ती (dual nominative)
कृत्तयः (nominative plural)
कृत्ते (singular vocative)
कृत्ती (dual vocative)
कृत्तयः (plural vocative)
कृत्तिम् (accusative singular)
कृत्ती (accusative dual)
कृत्तीः (accusative plural)
कृत्त्या (instrumental singular)
कृत्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृत्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
कृत्त्यै (dative singular)
कृत्तये (dative singular)
कृत्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृत्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
कृत्त्याः (ablative singular)
कृत्तेः (ablative singular)
कृत्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृत्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृत्त्याः (genitive singular)
कृत्तेः (genitive singular)
कृत्त्योः (dual genitive)
कृत्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
कृत्त्याम् (locative singular)
कृत्तौ (locative singular)
कृत्त्योः (dual locative)
कृत्तिषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine i-stem declension of कृत्ति

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्यै / कृत्तये

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्याः / कृत्तेः

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्याः / कृत्तेः

कृत्त्याम् / कृत्तौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

कृत्त्याः / कृत्तेः

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्यै / कृत्तये

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्याः / कृत्तेः

कृत्तिभ्याम्

कृत्त्याः / कृत्तेः

कृत्त्याम् / कृत्तौ


आख्या

ākhyā (romanization)
आख्या (nominative singular)
आख्ये (dual nominative)
आख्याः (nominative plural)
आख्ये (singular vocative)
आख्ये (dual vocative)
आख्याः (plural vocative)
आख्याम् (accusative singular)
आख्ये (accusative dual)
आख्याः (accusative plural)
आख्यया (instrumental singular)
आख्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आख्याभिः (instrumental plural)
आख्यायै (dative singular)
आख्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
आख्याभ्यः (dative plural)
आख्यायाः (ablative singular)
आख्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आख्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
आख्यायाः (genitive singular)
आख्ययोः (dual genitive)
आख्यानाम् (genitive plural)
आख्यायाम् (locative singular)
आख्ययोः (dual locative)
आख्यासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of आख्या


नारी

nā́rī (romanization)
नारी (nominative singular)
नार्यौ (dual nominative)
नारी1 (dual nominative)
नार्यः (nominative plural)
नारीः1 (nominative plural)
नारि (singular vocative)
नार्यौ (dual vocative)
नारी1 (dual vocative)
नार्यः (plural vocative)
नारीः1 (plural vocative)
नारीम् (accusative singular)
नार्यौ (accusative dual)
नारी1 (accusative dual)
नारीः (accusative plural)
नार्या (instrumental singular)
नारीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारीभिः (instrumental plural)
नार्यै (dative singular)
नारीभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारीभ्यः (dative plural)
नार्याः (ablative singular)
नार्यै2 (ablative singular)
नारीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारीभ्यः (ablative plural)
नार्याः (genitive singular)
नार्यै2 (genitive singular)
नार्योः (dual genitive)
नारीणाम् (genitive plural)
नार्याम् (locative singular)
नार्योः (dual locative)
नारीषु (locative plural)

Pali: nārī

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀻 (ṇārī)

Hindi: नार (nār)

Punjabi: ਨਾਰ (nār)

Sindhi: ناريِ (nāri)

→ Bengali: নারী (nari)

→ Hindi: नारी (nārī)

→ Kannada: ನಾರಿ (nāri)

→ Malayalam: നാരി (nāri)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਰੀ (nārī, “female”)

→ Tamil: நாரி (nāri)

→ Telugu: నారి (nāri)

→ Thai: นารี (naa-rii)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́riH (“woman”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬭𐬍 (nāⁱrī, “woman”), Middle Persian n'(y)lyk' (nārīg, “woman, lady wife”).

cog

अर्च॑न्ति॒ नारी॑र् अ॒पसो॒ न वि॒ष्टिभि॑: समा॒नेन॒ योज॑ने॒ना प॑रा॒वत॑:।
इषं॒ वह॑न्तीः सु॒कृते॑ सु॒दान॑वे॒ विश्वेदह॒ यज॑मानाय सुन्व॒ते॥
árcanti nā́rīr apáso ná viṣṭíbhi: samānéna yójanenā́ parāváta:.

They sing their song like women active in their tasks, along their common path hither from far away, bringing refreshment to the liberal devotee, yea, all things to the worshipper who pours the juice.

íṣaṃ váhantīḥ sukṛ́te sudā́nave víśvédáha yájamānāya sunvaté.

female or any object regarded as feminine


जाया

jāyā́ (romanization)
जाया (nominative singular)
जाये (dual nominative)
जायाः (nominative plural)
जाये (singular vocative)
जाये (dual vocative)
जायाः (plural vocative)
जायाम् (accusative singular)
जाये (accusative dual)
जायाः (accusative plural)
जायया (instrumental singular)
जाया1 (instrumental singular)
जायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जायाभिः (instrumental plural)
जायायै (dative singular)
जायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जायाभ्यः (dative plural)
जायायाः (ablative singular)
जायायै2 (ablative singular)
जायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जायायाः (genitive singular)
जायायै2 (genitive singular)
जाययोः (dual genitive)
जायानाम् (genitive plural)
जायायाम् (locative singular)
जाययोः (dual locative)
जायासु (locative plural)

Pali: jāyā

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀬𑀸 (jāyā)

Gujarati: જાઈ (jāī)

Hindustani: jā

Hindi: जा

Urdu: جا

Kumaoni: जै (jai)

→ Thai: ชายา (chaa-yaa, “royal wife”)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.jɑː/

Exact origin obscure, but ultimately from either Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, produce”) (thus literally “one who begets”) or *ǵemH- (“to marry”).

जार

ȷ́ā́ra, ȷ́ārá

suitor, paramour, lover, intimate companion

जामि

female relative; daughter-in-law; consanguinity


जय

jayá (romanization)
जयः (nominative singular)
जयौ (dual nominative)
जया1 (dual nominative)
जयाः (nominative plural)
जयासः1 (nominative plural)
जय (singular vocative)
जयौ (dual vocative)
जया1 (dual vocative)
जयाः (plural vocative)
जयासः1 (plural vocative)
जयम् (accusative singular)
जयौ (accusative dual)
जया1 (accusative dual)
जयान् (accusative plural)
जयेन (instrumental singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयैः (instrumental plural)
जयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जयाय (dative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
जयात् (ablative singular)
जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयस्य (genitive singular)
जययोः (dual genitive)
जयानाम् (genitive plural)
जये (locative singular)
जययोः (dual locative)
जयेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: জয় (joẏ)

→ Chinese: 闍耶 /阇耶

→ English: Jaya

Gujarati: જાય (jāya)

→ Hindi: जय (jay)

→ Kannada: ಜಯ (jaya)

→ Khmer: ជយោ (cĕəʼyoo)

→ Lao: ໄຊ (sai)

→ Lü: ᦺᦋ (tsay)

→ Madurese: jhâjâ

→ Malay: jaya

Indonesian: jaya

→ Malayalam: ജയാ (jayā)

Marathi: जय (jay)

Nepali: जय (jaya)

Odia: ଜୟ (jaya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: jaya
Javanese: ꦗꦪ (jaya)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬬ (jaya)

Pali: jaya
→ Khmer: ជ័យ (cɨy)
→ Burmese: ဇေယျ (jeyya.)
→ Mon: ဇၞး
→ Thai: ชัย (chai), ชโย (chayo) ไชโย (chaiyo)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੈ (jai)

Shahmukhi script: جے (jay)

→ Tamil: ஜெயா (jeyā), ஜெய (jeya)

→ Telugu: జయ (jaya), జయము (jayamu)

From the root जि (ji, “to win”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bĭ́ā).

inh

conquest, victory, triumph, winning, being victorious (in battle or in playing with dice or in a lawsuit)

(in the plural, paroxytone) name of particular verses causing victory (personified as deities)

a yellow variety of Vigna mungo ( <= Phaseolus mungo)

name of the 3rd year of the 6th lustrum of the bṛhaspati cycle

name of a rishi (author of RV. x, 180 ; son of Angiras or of Indra; living under the 10th manu)

name of an ancient king (11th cakravartin in Bharata)

Terminalia chebula
Terminalia chebula#Translingual

नीलदूर्वा नीलदूर्वा#Sanskrit

नीलदूर्वा (nīla-dūrvā)

the 3rd or 8th or 13th day of either half-month

one of the 7 flag-sticks of Indra's banner

of the mother of the 12th arhat of the present Avsarpini


यात्रा

yātrā (romanization)
यात्रा (nominative singular)
यात्रे (dual nominative)
यात्राः (nominative plural)
यात्रे (singular vocative)
यात्रे (dual vocative)
यात्राः (plural vocative)
यात्राम् (accusative singular)
यात्रे (accusative dual)
यात्राः (accusative plural)
यात्रया (instrumental singular)
यात्रा1 (instrumental singular)
यात्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यात्राभिः (instrumental plural)
यात्रायै (dative singular)
यात्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
यात्राभ्यः (dative plural)
यात्रायाः (ablative singular)
यात्रायै2 (ablative singular)
यात्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यात्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
यात्रायाः (genitive singular)
यात्रायै2 (genitive singular)
यात्रयोः (dual genitive)
यात्राणाम् (genitive plural)
यात्रायाम् (locative singular)
यात्रयोः (dual locative)
यात्रासु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: যাত্রা (jatra)

→ Burmese: ယတြာ (ya.tra)

→ English: yatra

→ Hindi: यात्रा (yātrā)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: yātra
> Javanese: ꦪꦠꦿ (yatra) (inherited)

Pali: yātrā

→ Khmer: យាត្រា (yiətraa)

→ Thai: ยาตรา (yâat-dtraa)

→ Punjabi: ਯਾਤਰਾ (yātrā)

→ Tamil: இயாத்திரை (iyāttirai)

→ Telugu: యాత్ర (yātra)

/ˈjɑːt̪.ɾɑː/

support of life, livelihood, maintenance


रथ

rátha (romanization)
रथः (nominative singular)
रथौ (dual nominative)
रथा1 (dual nominative)
रथाः (nominative plural)
रथासः1 (nominative plural)
रथ (singular vocative)
रथौ (dual vocative)
रथा1 (dual vocative)
रथाः (plural vocative)
रथासः1 (plural vocative)
रथम् (accusative singular)
रथौ (accusative dual)
रथा1 (accusative dual)
रथान् (accusative plural)
रथेन (instrumental singular)
रथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रथैः (instrumental plural)
रथेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रथाय (dative singular)
रथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रथेभ्यः (dative plural)
रथात् (ablative singular)
रथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रथस्य (genitive singular)
रथयोः (dual genitive)
रथानाम् (genitive plural)
रथे (locative singular)
रथयोः (dual locative)
रथेषु (locative plural)

→ Assamese: ৰথ (roth)

→ Bengali: রথ (roth)

→ Burmese: ရထား (ra.hta:)

→ Gujarati: રથ (rath)

→ Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)

→ Khmer: រថ (rŭət)

→ Lao: ລົດ (lot), ຣົຖ (rot)

Pali: ratha

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀳 (raha)

Old Gujarati: रह (raha)

Bengali: রত (rot)

⇒ Hindustani: rẽṛhū

desc

Hindi: रेंढ़ू

Hindi: रेंढ़ू

Urdu: رینڑهو

Urdu: رینڑهو

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ratha
Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬣ (rata)

→ Kannada: ರಥ (ratha)

→ Malayalam: രഥം (rathaṁ)

→ Marathi: रथ (rath)

→ Sinhalese: රථ (ratha), රථය (rathaya)

→ Tamil: இரதம் (iratam)

→ Telugu: రథము (rathamu)

→ Thai: รถ (rót)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot, car”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂-os, from *Hreth₂- (“to roll”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa, “chariot, car”), Latin rota, Old Irish roth, Old High German rad, Lithuanian ratas.

inh

त उ॒ग्रासो॒ वृष॑ण उ॒ग्रबा॑हवो॒ नकि॑ष्ट॒नूषु॑ येतिरे।
स्थि॒रा धन्वा॒न्यायु॑धा॒ रथे॑षु॒ वोऽनी॑के॒ष्वधि॒ श्रिय॑:॥
tá ugrā́so vṛ́ṣaṇa ugrábāhavo nákiṣṭanū́ṣu yetire.

Fierce, vigorous, strong-armed, they need not exert (the energy of their) people; bows and arrows are ready in your chariots; the glory (of conquest) over (hostile) armies is yours.

sthirā́ dhánvānyā́yudhā rátheṣu vóʼnīkeṣvádhi śríya:.

chariot, car, especially a two-wheeled war-chariot (lighter and swifter than the अनस् (anas)), any vehicle or equipage or carriage (applied also to the vehicles of the gods), waggon, cart


रथ

ratha (romanization)
रथः (nominative singular)
रथौ (dual nominative)
रथाः (nominative plural)
रथ (singular vocative)
रथौ (dual vocative)
रथाः (plural vocative)
रथम् (accusative singular)
रथौ (accusative dual)
रथान् (accusative plural)
रथेन (instrumental singular)
रथाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रथैः (instrumental plural)
रथाय (dative singular)
रथाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रथेभ्यः (dative plural)
रथात् (ablative singular)
रथाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रथेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रथस्य (genitive singular)
रथयोः (dual genitive)
रथानाम् (genitive plural)
रथे (locative singular)
रथयोः (dual locative)
रथेषु (locative plural)

मनोरथ मनोरथ#Sanskrit

pleasure, joy, delight (compare मनोरथ (manoratha))


स्यन्दन

From स्यन्द (syanda, “flowing, running”), from √स्यद् (syad, “to move or flow rapidly, to stream, to run, to rush”).

स्निग्धगम्भीरनिर्घोषमेकं स्यन्दनमाश्रितौ

Mounting, soundless and alone, the fair and solemn chariot


श्वशुर

śváśura (romanization)
श्वशुरः (nominative singular)
श्वशुरौ (dual nominative)
श्वशुरा1 (dual nominative)
श्वशुराः (nominative plural)
श्वशुरासः1 (nominative plural)
श्वशुर (singular vocative)
श्वशुरौ (dual vocative)
श्वशुरा1 (dual vocative)
श्वशुराः (plural vocative)
श्वशुरासः1 (plural vocative)
श्वशुरम् (accusative singular)
श्वशुरौ (accusative dual)
श्वशुरा1 (accusative dual)
श्वशुरान् (accusative plural)
श्वशुरेण (instrumental singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वशुरैः (instrumental plural)
श्वशुरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
श्वशुराय (dative singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वशुरेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वशुरात् (ablative singular)
श्वशुराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वशुरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वशुरस्य (genitive singular)
श्वशुरयोः (dual genitive)
श्वशुराणाम् (genitive plural)
श्वशुरे (locative singular)
श्वशुरयोः (dual locative)
श्वशुरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: išpášur

Khowar: اِشپاشُور (išpašúr)

desc

Kashmiri: ہِہُر (hihur), ہیُٛہُر (hyuhur)

q

from unassimilated Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">*स्वशुर</i> (svaśura)

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨤𐨭𐨂𐨪 (spaśura) (from unassimilated Sanskrit *स्वशुर (svaśura))

Pali: sasura

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲𑀼𑀭 (sasura), 𑀲𑀼𑀲𑀼𑀭 (susura)
Central:
Hindustani:
Hindi: ससुर (sasur)
Urdu: سُسَر (susar)
Eastern:
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: শহুৰ (xohur)
Bengali: শ্বশুর (śśośur), শউর (śour), হউর (hour)
Sylheti: ꠢꠃꠞ (hoúr)
Odia: ଶ୍ୱଶୁର (śwaśura)
Northern:
Nepali: ससुरा (sasurā)
Northwestern:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸਹੁਰਾ (sahurā)
Shahmukhi script: سَوہرا (sauhrā)
Western:
Gujarati: સસરો (sasro)
Romani: sastro

→ Telugu: శ్వశురుడు (śvaśuruḍu)

/ɕʋɐ́.ɕu.ɾɐ/

/ˈɕʋɐ.ɕu.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swáćuras, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old English sweor.

सा वसु॒ दध॑ती॒ श्वशु॑राय॒ वय॒ उषो॒ यदि॒ वष्ट्यन्ति॑गृहात् ।
अस्तं॑ ननक्षे॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्दिवा॒ नक्तं॑ श्नथि॒ता वै॑त॒सेन॑ ॥
sā́ vásu dádhatī śváśurāya váya úṣo yádi váṣṭyántigṛhāt.

Giving her husband's father life and riches, from the neighbouring dwelling, when her lover craved her,
She sought the home wherein she found her pleasure, accepting day and night her husband's embraces.

ástaṃ nanakṣe yásmiñcākándívā náktaṃ śnathitā́ vaitaséna.

father-in-law (either the husband's or the wife's father)


देवृ

devṛ́ (romanization)
देवा (nominative singular)
देवरौ (dual nominative)
देवरा1 (dual nominative)
देवरः (nominative plural)
देवः (singular vocative)
देवरौ (dual vocative)
देवरा1 (dual vocative)
देवरः (plural vocative)
देवरम् (accusative singular)
देवरौ (accusative dual)
देवरा1 (accusative dual)
देवॄन् (accusative plural)
देव्रा (instrumental singular)
देवृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवृभिः (instrumental plural)
देव्रे (dative singular)
देवृभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवृभ्यः (dative plural)
देवुः (ablative singular)
देवृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवृभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवुः (genitive singular)
देव्रोः (dual genitive)
देवॄणाम् (genitive plural)
देवरि (locative singular)
देव्रोः (dual locative)
देवृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dayHwár (“brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“brother-in-law, husband’s brother”). Cognate with Latin levir, Ancient Greek δᾱήρ (dāḗr), Old English tācor, Russian де́верь (déverʹ), Lithuanian dieveris.

inh

स॒म्राज्ञी॒ श्वशु॑रे भव स॒म्राज्ञी॑ श्व॒श्र्वां भ॑व।
नना॑न्दरि स॒म्राज्ञी॑ भव स॒म्राज्ञी॒ अधि॑ दे॒वृषु॑॥
samrā́jñī śváśure bhava samrā́jñī śvaśrvā́ṃ bhava.

Be a queen to your father-in-law, be a queen to your mother-in-law, be a queen to your husband's sister, be a queen to your husband's brothers.

nánāndari samrā́jñī bhava samrā́jñī ádhi devṛ́ṣu.

woman's brother-in-law, husband's brother (especially his younger brother)

current husband of a previously married woman


वृश्चिक

vṛ́ścika (romanization)
वृश्चिकः (nominative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (dual nominative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual nominative)
वृश्चिकाः (nominative plural)
वृश्चिकासः1 (nominative plural)
वृश्चिक (singular vocative)
वृश्चिकौ (dual vocative)
वृश्चिका1 (dual vocative)
वृश्चिकाः (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकासः1 (plural vocative)
वृश्चिकम् (accusative singular)
वृश्चिकौ (accusative dual)
वृश्चिका1 (accusative dual)
वृश्चिकान् (accusative plural)
वृश्चिकेन (instrumental singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृश्चिकैः (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृश्चिकाय (dative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृश्चिकात् (ablative singular)
वृश्चिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृश्चिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृश्चिकस्य (genitive singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual genitive)
वृश्चिकानाम् (genitive plural)
वृश्चिके (locative singular)
वृश्चिकयोः (dual locative)
वृश्चिकेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিছা (bisa)

desc

Bengali: বিচ্ছু (bicchu), বিছে (biche), বিছা (bicha)

Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠣ (bisá)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀼 (viccu), 𑀯𑀺𑀁𑀙𑀺𑀅 (viṃchia)

Old Marathi: विंचु (viṃcu)

Marathi: विंचू (viñcū)

Pali: vicchika

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀺𑀅 (vicchia), 𑀯𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀅 (vicchua)

Hindi: बिच्छू (bicchū)

→ Burmese: ဗြိစ္ဆာ (brichca)

→ Hindi: वृश्चिक (vŕścik)

→ Bengali: বৃশ্চিক (briścik)

→ Kannada: ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ (vṛścika)

→ Khmer: វិច្ឆិកា (vicchekaa)

→ Old Marathi: विश्चिक (viścika)

→ Malayalam: വൃശ്ചികം (vr̥ścikaṁ)

→ Tamil: விருச்சிகம் (viruccikam)

→ Telugu: వృశ్చిక (vr̥ścika), వృశ్చికం (vr̥ścikaṁ), వృశ్చికము (vr̥ścikamu)

→ Thai: พิจิก (pí-jìk)

/ʋŕ̩ɕ.t͡ɕi.kɐ/

Probably from the root व्रश्च् (vraśc, “to cut”). The astrological sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκορπῐ́ος (skorpĭ́os).

sl

कु॒षु॒म्भ॒कस्तद॑ब्रवीद्गि॒रेः प्र॑वर्तमान॒कः। वृश्चि॑कस्यार॒सं वि॒षम॑र॒सं वृ॑श्चिक ते वि॒षम्॥

Hastening forth at the command (of Agastya), thus spoke the mongoose: the venom of the scorpion is innocuous; scorpion, your venom is innocuous.

kuṣumbhakástádabravīdgiréḥ pravartamānakáḥ. vṛ́ścikasyārasáṃ viṣámarasáṃ vṛścika te viṣám.

(astrology, astronomy) the zodiacal sign Scorpio


बिडाली

biḍālī (romanization)
बिडाली (nominative singular)
बिडाल्यौ (dual nominative)
बिडाल्यः (nominative plural)
बिडालि (singular vocative)
बिडाल्यौ (dual vocative)
बिडाल्यः (plural vocative)
बिडालीम् (accusative singular)
बिडाल्यौ (accusative dual)
बिडालीः (accusative plural)
बिडाल्या (instrumental singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालीभिः (instrumental plural)
बिडाल्यै (dative singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालीभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडाल्याः (ablative singular)
बिडालीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालीभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडाल्याः (genitive singular)
बिडाल्योः (dual genitive)
बिडालीनाम् (genitive plural)
बिडाल्याम् (locative singular)
बिडाल्योः (dual locative)
बिडालीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of बिडाली

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

बिडालीभ्याम्

a particular disease and the female demon presiding over it


मार्जार

mārjāra (romanization)
मार्जारः (nominative singular)
मार्जारौ (dual nominative)
मार्जारा1 (dual nominative)
मार्जाराः (nominative plural)
मार्जारासः1 (nominative plural)
मार्जार (singular vocative)
मार्जारौ (dual vocative)
मार्जारा1 (dual vocative)
मार्जाराः (plural vocative)
मार्जारासः1 (plural vocative)
मार्जारम् (accusative singular)
मार्जारौ (accusative dual)
मार्जारा1 (accusative dual)
मार्जारान् (accusative plural)
मार्जारेण (instrumental singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मार्जारैः (instrumental plural)
मार्जारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मार्जाराय (dative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मार्जारात् (ablative singular)
मार्जाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मार्जारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मार्जारस्य (genitive singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual genitive)
मार्जाराणाम् (genitive plural)
मार्जारे (locative singular)
मार्जारयोः (dual locative)
मार्जारेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: majjāra
→ Thai: มัชชาระ (mát-chaa-rá)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀸𑀭 (maṃjāra), 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀭 (maṃjara), 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀸𑀭 (majjāra) — Ardhamāgadhī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Marathi: मार्जार (mārjār)

→ Bengali: মার্জার (marjar)

→ Assamese: মাৰ্জাৰ (marzar)

/mɑːɾˈd͡ʑɑː.ɾɐ/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ-
Sanskrit मृज् (mṛj)?
Sanskrit मार्जार (mārjāra)
Unknown. Traditionally said to be from the root मृज् (mṛj, “to wipe”), but that is certainly a folk etymology.

etymon

मार्जाराखुभयं यत्र नैषामण्डजजन्मनाम् ।
श्येनतो नकुलाद्वापि स्थाप्यन्तां तत्र पक्षिणः ॥
mārjārākhubhayaṃ yatra naiṣāmaṇḍajajanmanām.

c. 250 CE – 700 CE, Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa 2.60

The birds should be kept where these egg-born ones have no fear of the cat and the rat, the hawk and the mongoose too.

śyenato nakulādvāpi sthāpyantāṃ tatra pakṣiṇaḥ.

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual


विग्रह

vigraha (romanization)
विग्रहः (nominative singular)
विग्रहौ (dual nominative)
विग्रहा1 (dual nominative)
विग्रहाः (nominative plural)
विग्रहासः1 (nominative plural)
विग्रह (singular vocative)
विग्रहौ (dual vocative)
विग्रहा1 (dual vocative)
विग्रहाः (plural vocative)
विग्रहासः1 (plural vocative)
विग्रहम् (accusative singular)
विग्रहौ (accusative dual)
विग्रहा1 (accusative dual)
विग्रहान् (accusative plural)
विग्रहेण (instrumental singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विग्रहैः (instrumental plural)
विग्रहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विग्रहाय (dative singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विग्रहेभ्यः (dative plural)
विग्रहात् (ablative singular)
विग्रहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विग्रहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विग्रहस्य (genitive singular)
विग्रहयोः (dual genitive)
विग्रहाणाम् (genitive plural)
विग्रहे (locative singular)
विग्रहयोः (dual locative)
विग्रहेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀕𑀳 (viggaha)

Assamese: বিঘা (bigha)

desc

→ Assamese: বিগ্ৰহ (bigroh) (semi-learned)

Malayalam: വിഗ്രഹം (vigrahaṁ)

/ˈʋiɡ.ɾɐ.ɦɐ/

(grammar) independence (of a word, as opposed to composition)

separation, resolution, analysis, resolution of a compound word into its constituent parts, the separation or analysis of any word capable of separation

discord, quarrel, contest, strife, war with

separate i.e. individual form or shape, form, figure, the body


पित्त

pitta (romanization)
पित्तम् (nominative singular)
पित्ते (dual nominative)
पित्तानि (nominative plural)
पित्ता1 (nominative plural)
पित्त (singular vocative)
पित्ते (dual vocative)
पित्तानि (plural vocative)
पित्ता1 (plural vocative)
पित्तम् (accusative singular)
पित्ते (accusative dual)
पित्तानि (accusative plural)
पित्ता1 (accusative plural)
पित्तेन (instrumental singular)
पित्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पित्तैः (instrumental plural)
पित्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पित्ताय (dative singular)
पित्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पित्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
पित्तात् (ablative singular)
पित्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पित्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पित्तस्य (genitive singular)
पित्तयोः (dual genitive)
पित्तानाम् (genitive plural)
पित्ते (locative singular)
पित्तयोः (dual locative)
पित्तेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: পিত (pit)

→ Hindi: पित्त (pitt)

→ Tamil: பைத்தியம் (paittiyam)

→ Malayalam: പിത്തം (pittaṁ)

→ Telugu: పిత్తము (pittamu)

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to पीत (pīta, “yellow”), and along with it, derived from the root पी (pī, “to swell, fatten”) with semantic shift "fat" > "the color of fat" > "yellow" > "bile". It is also possible that पित्त (pitta) is the original term, with पीत (pīta) a derivative of it. Other theories proposing a Dravidian borrowing have been retracted by their authors.

bile, the bilious humor (one of the three humors or that secreted between the stomach and bowels and flowing through the liver and permeating spleen, heart, eyes, and skin; its chief quality is heat)


जन्म

Northwestern Indo-Aryan:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜੰਮਣ (jammaṇ)

Shahmukhi script: جَمَّݨ (jammaṇ)

→ Bengali: জন্ম (jonmo)

→ Bengali: জনম (jonom) (semi-learned)

→ Gujarati: જન્મ (janma)

→ Hindi: जन्म (janma)

→ Javanese: ꦗꦤ꧀ꦩ (janma)

→ Magahi: 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂧 (janm)

→ Marathi: janma

Devanagari script: जन्म

Modi script: 𑘕𑘡𑘿𑘦

→ Malay: jelma

→ Indonesian: jelma

→ Old Sundanese: janma

→ Sundanese: jalma, jelema

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਜਨਮ (janam)

Shahmukhi script: جَنَم (janam)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: جَنۡمُ

Devanagari script: जन्मु

→ Tamil: ஜன்மம் (jaṉmam)

→ Telugu: జన్మము (janmamu)

/ˈd͡ʑɐn̪.mɐ/

From the root जन् (jan). See जनति (janati) for cognates.

जन्मन् जन्मन्#Sanskrit


जनन

jánana (romanization)
जननम् (nominative singular)
जनने (dual nominative)
जननानि (nominative plural)
जनना1 (nominative plural)
जनन (singular vocative)
जनने (dual vocative)
जननानि (plural vocative)
जनना1 (plural vocative)
जननम् (accusative singular)
जनने (accusative dual)
जननानि (accusative plural)
जनना1 (accusative plural)
जननेन (instrumental singular)
जननाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जननैः (instrumental plural)
जननेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जननाय (dative singular)
जननाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जननेभ्यः (dative plural)
जननात् (ablative singular)
जननाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जननेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जननस्य (genitive singular)
जननयोः (dual genitive)
जननानाम् (genitive plural)
जनने (locative singular)
जननयोः (dual locative)
जननेषु (locative plural)

Telugu: జననము (jananamu)


नवनीत

návanīta (romanization)
नवनीतम् (nominative singular)
नवनीते (dual nominative)
नवनीतानि (nominative plural)
नवनीता1 (nominative plural)
नवनीत (singular vocative)
नवनीते (dual vocative)
नवनीतानि (plural vocative)
नवनीता1 (plural vocative)
नवनीतम् (accusative singular)
नवनीते (accusative dual)
नवनीतानि (accusative plural)
नवनीता1 (accusative plural)
नवनीतेन (instrumental singular)
नवनीताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नवनीतैः (instrumental plural)
नवनीतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नवनीताय (dative singular)
नवनीताभ्याम् (dative dual)
नवनीतेभ्यः (dative plural)
नवनीतात् (ablative singular)
नवनीताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नवनीतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नवनीतस्य (genitive singular)
नवनीतयोः (dual genitive)
नवनीतानाम् (genitive plural)
नवनीते (locative singular)
नवनीतयोः (dual locative)
नवनीतेषु (locative plural)

Pali: nonīta

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: লনী (loni), ননী (noni)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀯𑀡𑀻𑀅 (ṇavaṇīa)

Konkani: लोणी (loṇī)

Old Marathi: 𑘩𑘻𑘜𑘲 (loṇī)

Marathi: लोणी (loṇī)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀯𑀡𑀻𑀅 (ṇavaṇīa)

Old Hindi: नैनी (nainī)

Hindi: नैनू (nainū)

→ Hindi: नवनीत (navnīt)

Nepali: नौनि (nauni)

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐˈn̪iː.t̪ɐ/

From नव (náva, “new”) + *नीत (nīta), the second component from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nayH- (“to churn butter”). Cognate with Baluchi نیمغ (nēmağ, “butter”), Khotanese [script needed] (ñye, “buttermilk”), Northern Kurdish nivîşk (“butter”). Also related to Persian پنیر (panir, “cheese”).

cog

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


कल

kala (romanization)
कलः (nominative singular)
कलौ (dual nominative)
कलाः (nominative plural)
कल (singular vocative)
कलौ (dual vocative)
कलाः (plural vocative)
कलम् (accusative singular)
कलौ (accusative dual)
कलान् (accusative plural)
कलेन (instrumental singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलैः (instrumental plural)
कलाय (dative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलात् (ablative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलस्य (genitive singular)
कलयोः (dual genitive)
कलानाम् (genitive plural)
कले (locative singular)
कलयोः (dual locative)
कलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of कल

a low or soft and inarticulate tone (as humming, buzzing etc.)

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta#Translingual

(poetry) time equal to four matras or instants


कल

kala (romanization)
कलम् (nominative singular)
कले (dual nominative)
कलानि (nominative plural)
कल (singular vocative)
कले (dual vocative)
कलानि (plural vocative)
कलम् (accusative singular)
कले (accusative dual)
कलानि (accusative plural)
कलेन (instrumental singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कलैः (instrumental plural)
कलाय (dative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कलात् (ablative singular)
कलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कलस्य (genitive singular)
कलयोः (dual genitive)
कलानाम् (genitive plural)
कले (locative singular)
कलयोः (dual locative)
कलेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कल</i>

Ziziphus zizyphus
Ziziphus zizyphus#Translingual

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual