दधि

dádhi (romanization)
दधि (nominative singular)
दधिनी (dual nominative)
दधीनि (nominative plural)
दधि1 (nominative plural)
दधी1 (nominative plural)
दधि (singular vocative)
दधे (singular vocative)
दधिनी (dual vocative)
दधीनि (plural vocative)
दधि1 (plural vocative)
दधी1 (plural vocative)
दधि (accusative singular)
दधिनी (accusative dual)
दधीनि (accusative plural)
दधि1 (accusative plural)
दधी1 (accusative plural)
दधिना (instrumental singular)
दध्या1 (instrumental singular)
दधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दधिभिः (instrumental plural)
दधिने (dative singular)
दधये1 (dative singular)
दधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
दधिभ्यः (dative plural)
दधिनः (ablative singular)
दधेः1 (ablative singular)
दधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
दधिनः (genitive singular)
दधेः1 (genitive singular)
दधिनोः (dual genitive)
दधीनाम् (genitive plural)
दधिनि (locative singular)
दधौ1 (locative singular)
दधा1 (locative singular)
दधिनोः (dual locative)
दधिषु (locative plural)

Pali: dadhi

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀳𑀺 (dahi), 𑀤𑀳𑀺𑀅 (dahia) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Malay: dadih
> Indonesian: dadih (inherited)

→ Old Javanese: dadhi
> Javanese: ꦢꦢꦶ (dadi) (inherited)

→ Telugu: దధి (dadhi)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰé-dʰh₁-i (“curdled milk”), from *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurse, suckle”). Cognate with Albanian djathë (“cheese”).

inh

सुता इन्द्राय वायवे सोमासो दध्य्आशिरः ।
sutā indrāya vāyave somāso dadhyāśiraḥ.

Soma juices, mixed with curd are pressed out for Indra and Vāyu

coagulated or curdled milk; curd, yoghurt


तक्र

tákra (romanization)
तक्रम् (nominative singular)
तक्रे (dual nominative)
तक्राणि (nominative plural)
तक्रा1 (nominative plural)
तक्र (singular vocative)
तक्रे (dual vocative)
तक्राणि (plural vocative)
तक्रा1 (plural vocative)
तक्रम् (accusative singular)
तक्रे (accusative dual)
तक्राणि (accusative plural)
तक्रा1 (accusative plural)
तक्रेण (instrumental singular)
तक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तक्रैः (instrumental plural)
तक्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तक्राय (dative singular)
तक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
तक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
तक्रात् (ablative singular)
तक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तक्रस्य (genitive singular)
तक्रयोः (dual genitive)
तक्राणाम् (genitive plural)
तक्रे (locative singular)
तक्रयोः (dual locative)
तक्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

desc

Khowar: [script needed] (trok, “bitter”)

→ Malayalam: തൈര് (tairŭ)

Pali: takka

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀓𑁆𑀓 (takka)

Bengali: টক (ṭok, “sour, acid”)

Gujarati: તાક (tāk)

Marathi: ताक (tāk, “buttermilk”)

→ Tamil: தயிர் (tayir)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tákram, from Proto-Indo-European *ténkl̥- (“buttermilk; the acridity of buttermilk”), from Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to thicken, be solid”). Cognate with Persian تلخ (talx, “bitter”), Icelandic þél (“buttermilk”), as well as the root तञ्च् (tañc, “to contract, coagulate”).

der

buttermilk mixed with (a third part of) water


बन्धु

bándhu (romanization)
बन्धुः (nominative singular)
बन्धू (dual nominative)
बन्धवः (nominative plural)
बन्धो (singular vocative)
बन्धू (dual vocative)
बन्धवः (plural vocative)
बन्धुम् (accusative singular)
बन्धू (accusative dual)
बन्धून् (accusative plural)
बन्धुना (instrumental singular)
बन्ध्वा1 (instrumental singular)
बन्धुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बन्धुभिः (instrumental plural)
बन्धवे (dative singular)
बन्धुभ्याम् (dative dual)
बन्धुभ्यः (dative plural)
बन्धोः (ablative singular)
बन्धुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बन्धुभ्यः (ablative plural)
बन्धोः (genitive singular)
बन्ध्वोः (dual genitive)
बन्धूनाम् (genitive plural)
बन्धौ (locative singular)
बन्ध्वोः (dual locative)
बन्धुषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀩𑀁𑀥𑀼 (baṃdhu)

Pali: bandhu

→ Bengali: বন্ধু (bondhu)

→ Hindi: बंधु (bandhu)

→ Lao: ພັນທຸ (phan thu)

→ Marathi: बंधू (bandhū)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bandhu, wandhu
→ Javanese: ꦧꦤ꧀ꦝꦸ (bandhu)

→ Tamil: பந்து (pantu)

→ Telugu: బంధువు (bandhuvu)

→ Thai: พันธุ์ (pan)

From the root बन्ध् (bandh), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind, tie”). Cognate to Ancient Greek πενθερός (pentherós).

der

तद॑स्य प्रि॒यम॒भि पाथो॑ अश्यां॒ नरो॒ यत्र॑ देव॒यवो॒ मद॑न्ति।
उ॒रु॒क्र॒मस्य॒ स हि बन्धु॑र्इ॒त्था विष्णो॑: प॒दे प॑र॒मे मध्व॒ उत्स॑:॥
tádasya priyámabhí pā́tho aśyāṃ náro yátra devayávo mádanti.
urukramásya sá hí bándhuritthā́ víṣṇo: padé paramé mádhva útsa:.

Might I reach that dear cattle-pen of his, where men seeking the gods find elation, for exactly that is the bond to the wide-striding one: the wellspring of mead in the highest step of Viṣṇu.

(law) a cognate kinsman in a remote degree, one subsequent in right of inheritance to the सगोत्र


मुकुट

mukuṭa (romanization)
मुकुटः (nominative singular)
मुकुटौ (dual nominative)
मुकुटा1 (dual nominative)
मुकुटाः (nominative plural)
मुकुटासः1 (nominative plural)
मुकुट (singular vocative)
मुकुटौ (dual vocative)
मुकुटा1 (dual vocative)
मुकुटाः (plural vocative)
मुकुटासः1 (plural vocative)
मुकुटम् (accusative singular)
मुकुटौ (accusative dual)
मुकुटा1 (accusative dual)
मुकुटान् (accusative plural)
मुकुटेन (instrumental singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुकुटैः (instrumental plural)
मुकुटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मुकुटाय (dative singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुकुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
मुकुटात् (ablative singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुकुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुकुटस्य (genitive singular)
मुकुटयोः (dual genitive)
मुकुटानाम् (genitive plural)
मुकुटे (locative singular)
मुकुटयोः (dual locative)
मुकुटेषु (locative plural)
मुकुटम् (nominative singular)
मुकुटे (dual nominative)
मुकुटानि (nominative plural)
मुकुटा1 (nominative plural)
मुकुट (singular vocative)
मुकुटे (dual vocative)
मुकुटानि (plural vocative)
मुकुटा1 (plural vocative)
मुकुटम् (accusative singular)
मुकुटे (accusative dual)
मुकुटानि (accusative plural)
मुकुटा1 (accusative plural)
मुकुटेन (instrumental singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मुकुटैः (instrumental plural)
मुकुटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मुकुटाय (dative singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मुकुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
मुकुटात् (ablative singular)
मुकुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मुकुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मुकुटस्य (genitive singular)
मुकुटयोः (dual genitive)
मुकुटानाम् (genitive plural)
मुकुटे (locative singular)
मुकुटयोः (dual locative)
मुकुटेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: मुकुट (mukuṭ)

→ Bengali: মুকুট (mukuṭ)

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil முகடு (mukaṭu, “top, head”).

crown, diadem, tiara (shaped as a crescent)


दिनेश

dineśa (romanization)
दिनेशः (nominative singular)
दिनेशौ (dual nominative)
दिनेशा1 (dual nominative)
दिनेशाः (nominative plural)
दिनेशासः1 (nominative plural)
दिनेश (singular vocative)
दिनेशौ (dual vocative)
दिनेशा1 (dual vocative)
दिनेशाः (plural vocative)
दिनेशासः1 (plural vocative)
दिनेशम् (accusative singular)
दिनेशौ (accusative dual)
दिनेशा1 (accusative dual)
दिनेशान् (accusative plural)
दिनेशेन (instrumental singular)
दिनेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिनेशैः (instrumental plural)
दिनेशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दिनेशाय (dative singular)
दिनेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिनेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
दिनेशात् (ablative singular)
दिनेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिनेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिनेशस्य (genitive singular)
दिनेशयोः (dual genitive)
दिनेशानाम् (genitive plural)
दिनेशे (locative singular)
दिनेशयोः (dual locative)
दिनेशेषु (locative plural)

From दिन (dina, “day”) + ईश (īśa, “lord”).


स्वरु

sváru (romanization)
स्वरुः (nominative singular)
स्वरू (dual nominative)
स्वरवः (nominative plural)
स्वरो (singular vocative)
स्वरू (dual vocative)
स्वरवः (plural vocative)
स्वरुम् (accusative singular)
स्वरू (accusative dual)
स्वरून् (accusative plural)
स्वरुणा (instrumental singular)
स्वर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
स्वरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वरुभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वरवे (dative singular)
स्वर्वे1 (dative singular)
स्वरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वरुभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वरोः (ablative singular)
स्वर्वः1 (ablative singular)
स्वरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वरोः (genitive singular)
स्वर्वः1 (genitive singular)
स्वर्वोः (dual genitive)
स्वरूणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वरौ (locative singular)
स्वर्वोः (dual locative)
स्वरुषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *swérus (“stake, pole”), from *swer (“stick, pole”). Cognate with Latin surus (“branch, stake”), Proto-Germanic *sweruz (whence Old English sweor (“pillar, column”)).

inh

यदश्वस्य क्रविषो मक्षिकाश यद्वा स्वरौ स्वधितौ रिप्तमस्ति ।
यद्धस्तयोः शमितुर्यन्नखेषु सर्वा ता ते अपि देवेष्वस्तु ॥
yadaśvasya kraviṣo makṣikāśa yadvā svarau svadhitau riptamasti.

The part of the horse'e flesh that the fly has eaten, or that which is left sticking on the post or hatchet,
Or that which adheres to the slayer's hands and nails,—among the Gods, too, may all this be with thee.

yaddhastayoḥ śamituryannakheṣu sarvā tā te api deveṣvastu.

a large piece of wood; a stake, especially a sacrificial post


यौवन

yauvaná (romanization)
यौवनम् (nominative singular)
यौवने (dual nominative)
यौवनानि (nominative plural)
यौवना1 (nominative plural)
यौवन (singular vocative)
यौवने (dual vocative)
यौवनानि (plural vocative)
यौवना1 (plural vocative)
यौवनम् (accusative singular)
यौवने (accusative dual)
यौवनानि (accusative plural)
यौवना1 (accusative plural)
यौवनेन (instrumental singular)
यौवनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यौवनैः (instrumental plural)
यौवनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यौवनाय (dative singular)
यौवनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यौवनेभ्यः (dative plural)
यौवनात् (ablative singular)
यौवनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यौवनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यौवनस्य (genitive singular)
यौवनयोः (dual genitive)
यौवनानाम् (genitive plural)
यौवने (locative singular)
यौवनयोः (dual locative)
यौवनेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑁄𑀅𑀡 (joaṇa)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਜੋਬਨ (joban), ਜੋਬਣ (jobaṇ)

Pali: yobbana

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑁄𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀡 (jovvaṇa)

Hindi: जोबन (joban)

→ Hindi: यौवन (yauvan)

→ Kannada: ಯೌವನ (yauvana)

→ Marathi: यौवन (yauvan)

Vṛddhi derivative of युवन् (yuvan, “young”).

vrd

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


अजमोद

Pali: ajamoja

Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))

Ahirani: ओवा (ovā)

Gujarati: અજમો (ajamo)

Kachchi: અજમુ (ajamu)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: ओंवो

Latin script: vonv

Malvi: अजमो (ajmo)

Marathi: ओवा (ovā)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: अजमौ (ajmau)

Mahajani script: 𑅐𑅛𑅬𑅒 (ajmu)

Gujarati: અજમોદ (ajamod)

Hindustani: ajmod

Hindi: अजमोद

Urdu: اَجْمود (ajmod)

Kannada: ಅಜಮೋದ (ajamōda)

desc

Malayalam: അയമോതകം (ayamōtakaṁ), അയമോദകം (ayamōdakaṁ)

Tamil: அசமோதகம் (acamōtakam)

Telugu: అజమోద (ajamōda)

Tocharian B: ajamot

/ɐ.d͡ʑɐˈmoː.d̪ɐ/

From अज (aja) + मोद (moda). Literally, “goat's delight”.

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual


भ्रंश

bhraṃśá (romanization)
भ्रंशः (nominative singular)
भ्रंशौ (dual nominative)
भ्रंशा1 (dual nominative)
भ्रंशाः (nominative plural)
भ्रंशासः1 (nominative plural)
भ्रंश (singular vocative)
भ्रंशौ (dual vocative)
भ्रंशा1 (dual vocative)
भ्रंशाः (plural vocative)
भ्रंशासः1 (plural vocative)
भ्रंशम् (accusative singular)
भ्रंशौ (accusative dual)
भ्रंशा1 (accusative dual)
भ्रंशान् (accusative plural)
भ्रंशेन (instrumental singular)
भ्रंशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रंशैः (instrumental plural)
भ्रंशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भ्रंशाय (dative singular)
भ्रंशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रंशेभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रंशात् (ablative singular)
भ्रंशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रंशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रंशस्य (genitive singular)
भ्रंशयोः (dual genitive)
भ्रंशानाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रंशे (locative singular)
भ्रंशयोः (dual locative)
भ्रंशेषु (locative plural)

From the root भ्रंश् (bhraṃś), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenḱ- (“to deviate, corrupt”). Cognate with Old Irish bréc (“lie”).

अपभ्रंश

apabhraṃśá, the group of Middle Indo-Aryan dialects that deviated from Sanskrit

deviation, aberration, abandonment of, deprivation of, straying or deviating from

(drama) a slip of the tongue (due to excitement)


घन

ghaná (romanization)
घनः (nominative singular)
घनौ (dual nominative)
घना1 (dual nominative)
घनाः (nominative plural)
घनासः1 (nominative plural)
घन (singular vocative)
घनौ (dual vocative)
घना1 (dual vocative)
घनाः (plural vocative)
घनासः1 (plural vocative)
घनम् (accusative singular)
घनौ (accusative dual)
घना1 (accusative dual)
घनान् (accusative plural)
घनेन (instrumental singular)
घनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घनैः (instrumental plural)
घनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घनाय (dative singular)
घनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घनेभ्यः (dative plural)
घनात् (ablative singular)
घनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घनस्य (genitive singular)
घनयोः (dual genitive)
घनानाम् (genitive plural)
घने (locative singular)
घनयोः (dual locative)
घनेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ghana

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: घन (ghan)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: ghan

Hindi: घन

Urdu: گھَن (ghan)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bihari: घन (ghan)

Maithili: घन (ghan)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: घण (ghaṇ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: घन (ghan)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: घण (ghaṇ)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: ghaṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਘਣ

Shahmukhi script: كھَݨ

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)

Marathi: घण (ghaṇ), घणा (ghaṇā)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ઘણ (ghaṇ)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰón-o-s, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φόνος (phónos, “murder, slaughter”) and Old English bana (“murderer”).

cog

शंसा॑ म॒हामिन्द्रं॒ यस्मि॒न्विश्वा॒ आ कृ॒ष्टय॑: सोम॒पाः काम॒मव्य॑न्।
यं सु॒क्रतुं॑ धि॒षणे॑ विभ्वत॒ष्टं घ॒नं वृ॒त्राणां॑ ज॒नय॑न्त दे॒वाः॥
śáṃsā mahā́míndraṃ yásminvíśvā ā́ kṛṣṭáya: somapā́ḥ kā́mamávyan.
yáṃ sukrátuṃ dhiṣáṇe vibhvataṣṭáṃ ghanáṃ vṛtrā́ṇāṃ janáyanta devā́ḥ.
I glorify the mighty Indra, in whom all men, drinking the Soma, obtain their wishes; whom the powerful (heaven and earth) and the gods begot, the doer of great deeds, the slayer of the Vṛtras, who was fashioned by Vibhu (the creator).

an iron club or a mace; a weapon shaped like a hammer


घन

Dardic:

Indus Kohistani: ghō̃

Kalami: gäṇ, gīṇ

Kalasha: ghóna

Kashmiri: گونُ (gōnu)

Phalura: گھاݨ (ghāṇu), گھیݨ (ghēṇi)

⇒ Savi: ghaṇyeṛo

Shumashti: gō̃

Tirahi: gana

Torwali: گن (gan), گین (gen)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gan, gen

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: gäni

Waigali: ganala-štä

Pali: ghana

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: घन (ghana)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀡 (ghaṇa)

Hindustani: ghanā

Hindi: घना

Urdu: گھَنَا (ghanā)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ঘন (ghon)

⇒ Assamese: ঘনাইব (ghonaibo)

Bengali: ঘন (ghono)

Bihari: घन (ghan)

Old Maithili: घन (ghan)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: घणो (ghaṇo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: घनु (ghanu)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: گھݨا (ghaṇā), گھنے (ghannē)

Punjabi: ghaṇā

Gurmukhi script: ਘਣਾ

Shahmukhi script: گھَݨَا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ghaṇo, ghaṇi

Arabic script: گھَڻو, گھَڻِ

Devanagari script: घणो, घणि

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގިނަ (gina)

Sinhalese: ගන (gana)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: घण (ghaṇ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati: घणउं (ghaṇaüṃ)

Gujarati: ઘણું (ghaṇũ)

Marwari: घणो (ghaṇo)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ghana
> Javanese: ꦒꦤ (gana) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬖᬦ (gana)

→ Tamil: கனம் (kaṉam)

→ Telugu: ఘనము (ghanamu)

Unknown, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, be full, swell, abound”). If so, then cognate with Lithuanian ganėti (“to be enough, be sufficient, suffice”), Persian آگنج (âganj, “full, complete”), Persian آکندن (âgandan, “to fill up”), German ganz (“entire, whole”).


सूर

sū́ra (romanization)
सूरः (nominative singular)
सूरौ (dual nominative)
सूरा1 (dual nominative)
सूराः (nominative plural)
सूरासः1 (nominative plural)
सूर (singular vocative)
सूरौ (dual vocative)
सूरा1 (dual vocative)
सूराः (plural vocative)
सूरासः1 (plural vocative)
सूरम् (accusative singular)
सूरौ (accusative dual)
सूरा1 (accusative dual)
सूरान् (accusative plural)
सूरेण (instrumental singular)
सूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सूरैः (instrumental plural)
सूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सूराय (dative singular)
सूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
सूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
सूरात् (ablative singular)
सूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सूरस्य (genitive singular)
सूरयोः (dual genitive)
सूराणाम् (genitive plural)
सूरे (locative singular)
सूरयोः (dual locative)
सूरेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”), whence also सूर्य (sūrya) and स्वर् (svar). Cognate with Latin sol, Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Old English sol, Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (huuar^ə), Persian خور (xor).

अप त्ये तायवो यथा नक्षत्रा यन्त्यक्तुभिः।
सूराय विश्वचक्षसे॥
apa tye tāyavo yathā nakṣatrā yantyaktubhiḥ.

The constellations pass away, like thieves, together with their beams,
Before the all-beholding Sun.

Calotropis gigantea
Calotropis gigantea#Translingual

name of the father of kunthu- (the 17th arhat- of the present avasarpiṇī-)

the Soma juice flowing from the Soma press


स्तरी

starī́ (romanization)
स्तरीः (nominative singular)
स्तर्यः (nominative plural)
स्तर्यम् (accusative singular)

/ˈs̪t̪ɐ.ɾiː/

From Proto-Indo-European *ster-íh₂s, from *ster- (“sterile, barren”). Cognate with Latin sterīlis, Ancient Greek στεῖρα (steîra, “barren woman; cow that has not calved”), Old Armenian ստերջ (sterǰ, “sterile”).

शरस्य चिदार्चत्कस्यावतादा नीचादुच्चा चक्रथुः पातवे वाः ।
शयवे चिन्नासत्या शचीभिर्जसुरये स्तर्यम् पिप्यथुर्गाम् ॥
śarasya cidārcatkasyāvatādā nīcāduccā cakrathuḥ pātave vāḥ.
śayave cinnāsatyā śacībhirjasuraye staryam pipyathurgām.
From the deep well ye raised on high the water, so that Ṛcatka's son, Sara, should drink it;

And with your might, to help the weary Śayu, ye made the barren cow yield milk, Nāsatyas.

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

रात्रि रात्रि#Sanskrit

(with रात्रि (rātri)) a night passed in vain


तना

head

तना • (tanā)


वितरण

vitaraṇa (romanization)
वितरणम् (nominative singular)
वितरणे (dual nominative)
वितरणानि (nominative plural)
वितरणा1 (nominative plural)
वितरण (singular vocative)
वितरणे (dual vocative)
वितरणानि (plural vocative)
वितरणा1 (plural vocative)
वितरणम् (accusative singular)
वितरणे (accusative dual)
वितरणानि (accusative plural)
वितरणा1 (accusative plural)
वितरणेन (instrumental singular)
वितरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वितरणैः (instrumental plural)
वितरणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वितरणाय (dative singular)
वितरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वितरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
वितरणात् (ablative singular)
वितरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वितरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वितरणस्य (genitive singular)
वितरणयोः (dual genitive)
वितरणानाम् (genitive plural)
वितरणे (locative singular)
वितरणयोः (dual locative)
वितरणेषु (locative plural)

Compound of वि (vi, “apart”) + तरण (taraṇa, “passing”).

com+

/ˈʋi.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/


वितरण

Compound of वि (vi, “apart”) + तरण (taraṇa, “crossing over”).

/ˈʋi.t̪ɐ.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/


लवण

lavaṇa (romanization)
लवणम् (nominative singular)
लवणे (dual nominative)
लवणानि (nominative plural)
लवणा1 (nominative plural)
लवण (singular vocative)
लवणे (dual vocative)
लवणानि (plural vocative)
लवणा1 (plural vocative)
लवणम् (accusative singular)
लवणे (accusative dual)
लवणानि (accusative plural)
लवणा1 (accusative plural)
लवणेन (instrumental singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लवणैः (instrumental plural)
लवणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लवणाय (dative singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लवणेभ्यः (dative plural)
लवणात् (ablative singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लवणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लवणस्य (genitive singular)
लवणयोः (dual genitive)
लवणानाम् (genitive plural)
लवणे (locative singular)
लवणयोः (dual locative)
लवणेषु (locative plural)

/ˈl̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/

Uncertain. The meanings of both "salt" and "beauty" are also found in other languages; Lithuanian saldus (“sweet, charming”) is derived from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Buck compares लवङ्ग (lavaṅga, “clove”), originally "something cutting, sharp," from the root लू (lū, “to cut”), but this is dismissed as "forced" by Cai. Palsule compares रमण (ramaṇa, “pleasing, charming”), but Mayrhofer finds this unconvincing.

अतोअन्यो लवण-क्षार-वर्गः शुल्कं दद्यात् ॥

c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.12.34

Translation by R. Shamasastry
Salt and alkalines for purposes other than this shall be subject to the payment of toll.

atoanyo lavaṇa-kṣāra-vargaḥ śulkaṃ dadyāt.


लवण

lavaṇa (romanization)
लवणः (nominative singular)
लवणौ (dual nominative)
लवणा1 (dual nominative)
लवणाः (nominative plural)
लवणासः1 (nominative plural)
लवण (singular vocative)
लवणौ (dual vocative)
लवणा1 (dual vocative)
लवणाः (plural vocative)
लवणासः1 (plural vocative)
लवणम् (accusative singular)
लवणौ (accusative dual)
लवणा1 (accusative dual)
लवणान् (accusative plural)
लवणेन (instrumental singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लवणैः (instrumental plural)
लवणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लवणाय (dative singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
लवणेभ्यः (dative plural)
लवणात् (ablative singular)
लवणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लवणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लवणस्य (genitive singular)
लवणयोः (dual genitive)
लवणानाम् (genitive plural)
लवणे (locative singular)
लवणयोः (dual locative)
लवणेषु (locative plural)

/ˈl̪ɐ.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/


परिषद्

pariṣád (romanization)
परिषत् (nominative singular)
परिषदौ (dual nominative)
परिषदा1 (dual nominative)
परिषदः (nominative plural)
परिषत् (singular vocative)
परिषदौ (dual vocative)
परिषदा1 (dual vocative)
परिषदः (plural vocative)
परिषदम् (accusative singular)
परिषदौ (accusative dual)
परिषदा1 (accusative dual)
परिषदः (accusative plural)
परिषदा (instrumental singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परिषद्भिः (instrumental plural)
परिषदे (dative singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
परिषद्भ्यः (dative plural)
परिषदः (ablative singular)
परिषद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
परिषद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
परिषदः (genitive singular)
परिषदोः (dual genitive)
परिषदाम् (genitive plural)
परिषदि (locative singular)
परिषदोः (dual locative)
परिषत्सु (locative plural)

English: parishad

Burmese: ပရိသတ် (pa.ri.sat)

Lao: ບໍລິສັດ (bǭ li sat)

Thai: บริษัท (bɔɔ-rí-sàt)

परि- (pari-) + सद् (sad, “to sit down before”, root)

prefix

अथ उत्थाय जलम् स्पृष्ट्वा भरतो वाक्यम् अब्रवीत् ।
शृण्वन्तु मे परिषदो मन्त्रिणः श्रेणयः तथा ॥
atha utthāya jalam spṛṣṭvā bharato vākyam abravīt.

2005 translation by K. M. K. Murthy
Thereafter, Bharata rose, touched water and spoke as follows: "Let the audience, including ministers and the guild of traders hear me also."

śṛṇvantu me pariṣado mantriṇaḥ śreṇayaḥ tathā.

assembly, meeting, group, council; audience


तैल

tailá (romanization)
तैलम् (nominative singular)
तैले (dual nominative)
तैलानि (nominative plural)
तैला1 (nominative plural)
तैल (singular vocative)
तैले (dual vocative)
तैलानि (plural vocative)
तैला1 (plural vocative)
तैलम् (accusative singular)
तैले (accusative dual)
तैलानि (accusative plural)
तैला1 (accusative plural)
तैलेन (instrumental singular)
तैलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तैलैः (instrumental plural)
तैलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तैलाय (dative singular)
तैलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तैलेभ्यः (dative plural)
तैलात् (ablative singular)
तैलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तैलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तैलस्य (genitive singular)
तैलयोः (dual genitive)
तैलानाम् (genitive plural)
तैले (locative singular)
तैलयोः (dual locative)
तैलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: tela

Chakma: 𑄖𑄬𑄣𑄴 (tel)

Dardic:

Kalasha: tew

Prakrit: 𑀢𑁳𑀮𑁆𑀮 (tĕlla) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hajong: তেল (tel)

→ Pashto: تېل (tel)

Assamese: তৈল (toil)

Bengali: তৈল (tōil)

Tibetan: ཏིལ (til)

Gujarati: તૈલ (tail)

Hindustani: taila

Hindi: तैल

Urdu: تَیل

Kannada: ತೈಲ (taila)

Maithili: tail

Devanagari script: तैल

Tirhuta script: 𑒞𑒻𑒪

Malayalam: തൈലം (tailaṁ)

Marathi: तैल (tail)

Marwari:

Devanagari script: तैल

Mahajani script: 𑅣𑅑𑅮

Odia: ତୈଳ (taiḷa)

Sinhalese: තෛලය (tailaya)

Tamil: தைலம் (tailam)

Telugu: తైలము (tailamu)

Vṛddhi derivative of तिल (tilá, “sesame”).


सखा

भक्तो ऽसि मे सखा च

masculine nominative singular of सखि (sakhi), a friend, companion


गोपनीयता

sa-noun

गोपनीयता • (gopanīyatā) stem, f (root गुप्)

gopanīyatā (romanization)
गुप् (root)
गोपनीयता (nominative singular)
गोपनीयते (dual nominative)
गोपनीयताः (nominative plural)
गोपनीयते (singular vocative)
गोपनीयते (dual vocative)
गोपनीयताः (plural vocative)
गोपनीयताम् (accusative singular)
गोपनीयते (accusative dual)
गोपनीयताः (accusative plural)
गोपनीयतया (instrumental singular)
गोपनीयता1 (instrumental singular)
गोपनीयताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोपनीयताभिः (instrumental plural)
गोपनीयतायै (dative singular)
गोपनीयताभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोपनीयताभ्यः (dative plural)
गोपनीयतायाः (ablative singular)
गोपनीयतायै2 (ablative singular)
गोपनीयताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोपनीयताभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोपनीयतायाः (genitive singular)
गोपनीयतायै2 (genitive singular)
गोपनीयतयोः (dual genitive)
गोपनीयतानाम् (genitive plural)
गोपनीयतायाम् (locative singular)
गोपनीयतयोः (dual locative)
गोपनीयतासु (locative plural)


सगर्भ्य

ságarbhya (romanization)
सगर्भ्यः (nominative singular)
सगर्भ्यौ (dual nominative)
सगर्भ्या1 (dual nominative)
सगर्भ्याः (nominative plural)
सगर्भ्यासः1 (nominative plural)
सगर्भ्य (singular vocative)
सगर्भ्यौ (dual vocative)
सगर्भ्या1 (dual vocative)
सगर्भ्याः (plural vocative)
सगर्भ्यासः1 (plural vocative)
सगर्भ्यम् (accusative singular)
सगर्भ्यौ (accusative dual)
सगर्भ्या1 (accusative dual)
सगर्भ्यान् (accusative plural)
सगर्भ्येण (instrumental singular)
सगर्भ्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सगर्भ्यैः (instrumental plural)
सगर्भ्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सगर्भ्याय (dative singular)
सगर्भ्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
सगर्भ्येभ्यः (dative plural)
सगर्भ्यात् (ablative singular)
सगर्भ्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सगर्भ्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
सगर्भ्यस्य (genitive singular)
सगर्भ्ययोः (dual genitive)
सगर्भ्याणाम् (genitive plural)
सगर्भ्ये (locative singular)
सगर्भ्ययोः (dual locative)
सगर्भ्येषु (locative plural)

/sɐ́.ɡɐɾ.bʱjɐ/

/s̪ɐˈɡɐɾ.bʱjɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-gʷelbʰ- (“same womb”), from *gʷelbʰ- (“womb”), equivalent to स (sa, copulative prefix) + गर्भ (garbha, “child, offspring; womb”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother”).

cog

full-blooded brother, sharing both father and mother


मातुल

mātula (romanization)
मातुलः (nominative singular)
मातुलौ (dual nominative)
मातुलाः (nominative plural)
मातुल (singular vocative)
मातुलौ (dual vocative)
मातुलाः (plural vocative)
मातुलम् (accusative singular)
मातुलौ (accusative dual)
मातुलान् (accusative plural)
मातुलेन (instrumental singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातुलैः (instrumental plural)
मातुलाय (dative singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
मातुलात् (ablative singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातुलस्य (genitive singular)
मातुलयोः (dual genitive)
मातुलानाम् (genitive plural)
मातुले (locative singular)
मातुलयोः (dual locative)
मातुलेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of मातुल

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

desc

جَوْز مَاثِل

→ Arabic: جَوْز مَاثِل (jawz māṯil, “metel nut, fruit of Datura metel”)

Translingual: Datura metel

→ English: metel, metel nut

→ Spanish: métel

→ Tamil: மாதுலர் (mātular)


मातुला

mātulā (romanization)
मातुला (nominative singular)
मातुले (dual nominative)
मातुलाः (nominative plural)
मातुले (singular vocative)
मातुले (dual vocative)
मातुलाः (plural vocative)
मातुलाम् (accusative singular)
मातुले (accusative dual)
मातुलाः (accusative plural)
मातुलया (instrumental singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातुलाभिः (instrumental plural)
मातुलायै (dative singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातुलाभ्यः (dative plural)
मातुलायाः (ablative singular)
मातुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातुलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातुलायाः (genitive singular)
मातुलयोः (dual genitive)
मातुलानाम् (genitive plural)
मातुलायाम् (locative singular)
मातुलयोः (dual locative)
मातुलासु (locative plural)
मातुली (nominative singular)
मातुल्यौ (dual nominative)
मातुल्यः (nominative plural)
मातुलि (singular vocative)
मातुल्यौ (dual vocative)
मातुल्यः (plural vocative)
मातुलीम् (accusative singular)
मातुल्यौ (accusative dual)
मातुलीः (accusative plural)
मातुल्या (instrumental singular)
मातुलीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातुलीभिः (instrumental plural)
मातुल्यै (dative singular)
मातुलीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातुलीभ्यः (dative plural)
मातुल्याः (ablative singular)
मातुलीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातुलीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातुल्याः (genitive singular)
मातुल्योः (dual genitive)
मातुलीनाम् (genitive plural)
मातुल्याम् (locative singular)
मातुल्योः (dual locative)
मातुलीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of मातुला

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

मातुलाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of मातुला

मातुलीभ्याम्

मातुलीभ्याम्

मातुलीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मातुलीभ्याम्

मातुलीभ्याम्

मातुलीभ्याम्

Feminine form of मातुल (mātula, “maternal uncle”), from मातृ (mātṛ, “mother”). Compare with मातुलानी.


पितृव्य

pitṛvyá (romanization)
पितृव्यः (nominative singular)
पितृव्यौ (dual nominative)
पितृव्याः (nominative plural)
पितृव्य (singular vocative)
पितृव्यौ (dual vocative)
पितृव्याः (plural vocative)
पितृव्यम् (accusative singular)
पितृव्यौ (accusative dual)
पितृव्यान् (accusative plural)
पितृव्येन (instrumental singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितृव्यैः (instrumental plural)
पितृव्याय (dative singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितृव्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पितृव्यात् (ablative singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितृव्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितृव्यस्य (genitive singular)
पितृव्ययोः (dual genitive)
पितृव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पितृव्ये (locative singular)
पितृव्ययोः (dual locative)
पितृव्येषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पितृव्य

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्येभ्यः

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्येभ्यः

पितृव्यानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्येभ्यः

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्येभ्यः

पितृव्यानाम्

From पितृ (pitṛ, “father”). Compare Ancient Greek πάτρως (pátrōs, “paternal uncle”), Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (tūⁱriia, “paternal uncle”) (> *(p)tərvya), Classical Persian افدر (afdar, “paternal uncle”), and Latin patruus (“paternal uncle”), Proto-Germanic *fadurwijô (“paternal uncle”).

cog

paternal uncle, the brother of one’s father


पितृव्या

pitṛvya (romanization)
पितृव्या (nominative singular)
पितृव्ये (dual nominative)
पितृव्याः (nominative plural)
पितृव्ये (singular vocative)
पितृव्ये (dual vocative)
पितृव्याः (plural vocative)
पितृव्याम् (accusative singular)
पितृव्ये (accusative dual)
पितृव्याः (accusative plural)
पितृव्यया (instrumental singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितृव्याभिः (instrumental plural)
पितृव्यायै (dative singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितृव्याभ्यः (dative plural)
पितृव्यायाः (ablative singular)
पितृव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितृव्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितृव्यायाः (genitive singular)
पितृव्ययोः (dual genitive)
पितृव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पितृव्यायाम् (locative singular)
पितृव्ययोः (dual locative)
पितृव्यासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of पितृव्या

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्यः

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्यः

पितृव्यानाम्

पितृव्यायाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्यः

पितृव्याभ्याम्

पितृव्याभ्यः

पितृव्यानाम्

पितृव्यायाम्

Feminine form of पितृव्य (pitṛvya, “paternal uncle”), from पितृ (pitṛ, “father”).

paternal aunt, the wife of one’s father’s brother


यामेय

yāmeya (romanization)
यामेयः (nominative singular)
यामेयौ (dual nominative)
यामेयाः (nominative plural)
यामेय (singular vocative)
यामेयौ (dual vocative)
यामेयाः (plural vocative)
यामेयम् (accusative singular)
यामेयौ (accusative dual)
यामेयान् (accusative plural)
यामेयेन (instrumental singular)
यामेयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यामेयैः (instrumental plural)
यामेयाय (dative singular)
यामेयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यामेयेभ्यः (dative plural)
यामेयात् (ablative singular)
यामेयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यामेयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यामेयस्य (genitive singular)
यामेययोः (dual genitive)
यामेयानाम् (genitive plural)
यामेये (locative singular)
यामेययोः (dual locative)
यामेयेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of यामेय

यामेयाभ्याम्

यामेयाभ्याम्

यामेयाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

यामेयाभ्याम्

यामेयाभ्याम्

यामेयाभ्याम्


देवन

devana (romanization)
देवनः (nominative singular)
देवनौ (dual nominative)
देवनाः (nominative plural)
देवन (singular vocative)
देवनौ (dual vocative)
देवनाः (plural vocative)
देवनम् (accusative singular)
देवनौ (accusative dual)
देवनान् (accusative plural)
देवनेन (instrumental singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवनैः (instrumental plural)
देवनाय (dative singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवनेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवनात् (ablative singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवनस्य (genitive singular)
देवनयोः (dual genitive)
देवनानाम् (genitive plural)
देवने (locative singular)
देवनयोः (dual locative)
देवनेषु (locative plural)
देवनम् (nominative singular)
देवने (dual nominative)
देवनानि (nominative plural)
देवन (singular vocative)
देवने (dual vocative)
देवनानि (plural vocative)
देवनम् (accusative singular)
देवने (accusative dual)
देवनानि (accusative plural)
देवनेन (instrumental singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवनैः (instrumental plural)
देवनाय (dative singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवनेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवनात् (ablative singular)
देवनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवनस्य (genitive singular)
देवनयोः (dual genitive)
देवनानाम् (genitive plural)
देवने (locative singular)
देवनयोः (dual locative)
देवनेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of देवन

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">देवन</i>

/ˈd̪eː.ʋɐ.n̪ɐ/

Related to देवना (devanā, “pastime, sport”).

कृतं न श्वघ्नी वि चिनोति देवने संवर्गं यन्मघवा सूर्यं जयत् ।
न तत्ते अन्यो अनु वीर्यं शकन्न पुराणो मघवन्नोत नूतनः ॥
kṛtaṃ na śvaghnī vi cinoti devane saṃvargaṃ yanmaghavā sūryaṃ jayat.

As in the [dice] game a gambler piles his winnings, so Maghavan, sweeping all together, gained the Sun
This mighty deed of thine none other could achieve, none, Maghavan, before thee, none in recent time.

na tatte anyo anu vīryaṃ śakanna purāṇo maghavannota nūtanaḥ.


देवना

Related to Sanskrit देवन (devan, “pastime; dice game”).


स्याल

syāla (romanization)
स्यालः (nominative singular)
स्यालौ (dual nominative)
स्याला1 (dual nominative)
स्यालाः (nominative plural)
स्यालासः1 (nominative plural)
स्याल (singular vocative)
स्यालौ (dual vocative)
स्याला1 (dual vocative)
स्यालाः (plural vocative)
स्यालासः1 (plural vocative)
स्यालम् (accusative singular)
स्यालौ (accusative dual)
स्याला1 (accusative dual)
स्यालान् (accusative plural)
स्यालेन (instrumental singular)
स्यालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्यालैः (instrumental plural)
स्यालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्यालाय (dative singular)
स्यालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्यालेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्यालात् (ablative singular)
स्यालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्यालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्यालस्य (genitive singular)
स्यालयोः (dual genitive)
स्यालानाम् (genitive plural)
स्याले (locative singular)
स्यालयोः (dual locative)
स्यालेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: sāl

Arabic script: سال

Devanagari script: साल्

Pali: sālaka

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀮 (sāla)
Central:
Awadhi: सार (sār)
Hindustani: sālā
Hindi: साला
Urdu: سالا
Romani: salo
Eastern:
Assamese: শাল (xal)
Bengali: শালা (śala), শালি (śali), হালি (hali)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: सार (sār)
Maithili: सार (sār)
Odia: ସାଳା (sāḷā), ସାଳି (sāḷi)
Northern:
Central Pahari:
Kumaoni: शौ (śau), शई (śaī)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: सालो (sālo), सालि (sāli), साला (sālā)
Western Pahari:
Bhadrawahi: साइ (sāi), सालाभै (sālābhai)
Northwestern:
Punjabi: sālā
Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਲਾ
Shahmukhi script: سالا
Sindhi: sālo, sālī
Arabic script: سالو, سالِی
Devanagari script: सालो, साली
Southern:
Marathi: साळा (sāḷā), साळी (sāḷī)
Western:
Gujarati: સાળો (sāḷo), સાળી (sāḷī)

/ˈs̪jɑː.l̪ɐ/

Origin debated. Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *syo(w)ros and cognate with Old Armenian հոր (hor, “son-in-law, daughter’s husband”), Old East Slavic шурь (šurĭ), Old Church Slavonic шуринъ (šurinŭ, “brother-in-law, wife’s brother”), Russian шурин (šurin)).


श्याल

स्याल स्याल#Sanskrit

Alternative spelling of स्याल (syāla, “brother-in-law, wife’s brother”)


आबुत्त

ābutta (romanization)
आबुत्तः (nominative singular)
आबुत्तौ (dual nominative)
आबुत्ताः (nominative plural)
आबुत्त (singular vocative)
आबुत्तौ (dual vocative)
आबुत्ताः (plural vocative)
आबुत्तम् (accusative singular)
आबुत्तौ (accusative dual)
आबुत्तान् (accusative plural)
आबुत्तेन (instrumental singular)
आबुत्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आबुत्तैः (instrumental plural)
आबुत्ताय (dative singular)
आबुत्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
आबुत्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
आबुत्तात् (ablative singular)
आबुत्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आबुत्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आबुत्तस्य (genitive singular)
आबुत्तयोः (dual genitive)
आबुत्तानाम् (genitive plural)
आबुत्ते (locative singular)
आबुत्तयोः (dual locative)
आबुत्तेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of आबुत्त

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

आबुत्ताभ्याम्

[ɑːˈbut̪̚.t̪ɐ]


स्याली

syālī (romanization)
स्याली (nominative singular)
स्याल्यौ (dual nominative)
स्याल्यः (nominative plural)
स्यालि (singular vocative)
स्याल्यौ (dual vocative)
स्याल्यः (plural vocative)
स्यालीम् (accusative singular)
स्याल्यौ (accusative dual)
स्यालीः (accusative plural)
स्याल्या (instrumental singular)
स्यालीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्यालीभिः (instrumental plural)
स्याल्यै (dative singular)
स्यालीभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्यालीभ्यः (dative plural)
स्याल्याः (ablative singular)
स्यालीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्यालीभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्याल्याः (genitive singular)
स्याल्योः (dual genitive)
स्यालीनाम् (genitive plural)
स्याल्याम् (locative singular)
स्याल्योः (dual locative)
स्यालीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of स्याली

स्यालीभ्याम्

स्यालीभ्याम्

स्यालीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्यालीभ्याम्

स्यालीभ्याम्

स्यालीभ्याम्

Hindi: साली (sālī)

Kashmiri: سال (sāl)

Marathi: साली (sālī)

Nepali: साली (sālī)

Romani: sali

Urdu: سالی (sālī)

Feminine form of स्याल (syāla, “brother-in-law, wife’s brother”).

सखिभार्यां समारुह्य गत्वा श्यालीं तथैव च
अहोरात्रोषितो भूत्वा तप्तकृच्छरं समाचरेत् ॥
sakhibhāryāṃ samāruhya gatvā śyālīṃ tathaiva ca

ahorātroṣito bhūtvā taptakṛccharaṃ samācaret.


टङ्का

ṭaṅkā (romanization)
टङ्का (nominative singular)
टङ्के (dual nominative)
टङ्काः (nominative plural)
टङ्के (singular vocative)
टङ्के (dual vocative)
टङ्काः (plural vocative)
टङ्काम् (accusative singular)
टङ्के (accusative dual)
टङ्काः (accusative plural)
टङ्कया (instrumental singular)
टङ्का1 (instrumental singular)
टङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
टङ्काभिः (instrumental plural)
टङ्कायै (dative singular)
टङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
टङ्काभ्यः (dative plural)
टङ्कायाः (ablative singular)
टङ्कायै2 (ablative singular)
टङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
टङ्काभ्यः (ablative plural)
टङ्कायाः (genitive singular)
टङ्कायै2 (genitive singular)
टङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
टङ्कानाम् (genitive plural)
टङ्कायाम् (locative singular)
टङ्कयोः (dual locative)
टङ्कासु (locative plural)

From टङ्क (ṭaṅka) + -आ (-ā, “feminine suffix”).


तालु

tālu (romanization)
तालु (nominative singular)
तालुनी (dual nominative)
तालूनि (nominative plural)
तालु1 (nominative plural)
तालू1 (nominative plural)
तालु (singular vocative)
तालो (singular vocative)
तालुनी (dual vocative)
तालूनि (plural vocative)
तालु1 (plural vocative)
तालू1 (plural vocative)
तालु (accusative singular)
तालुनी (accusative dual)
तालूनि (accusative plural)
तालु1 (accusative plural)
तालू1 (accusative plural)
तालुना (instrumental singular)
ताल्वा1 (instrumental singular)
तालुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तालुभिः (instrumental plural)
तालुने (dative singular)
तालवे1 (dative singular)
ताल्वे1 (dative singular)
तालुभ्याम् (dative dual)
तालुभ्यः (dative plural)
तालुनः (ablative singular)
तालोः1 (ablative singular)
ताल्वः1 (ablative singular)
तालुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तालुभ्यः (ablative plural)
तालुनः (genitive singular)
तालोः1 (genitive singular)
ताल्वः1 (genitive singular)
तालुनोः (dual genitive)
तालूनाम् (genitive plural)
तालुनि (locative singular)
तालौ1 (locative singular)
तालुनोः (dual locative)
तालुषु (locative plural)


मातुलानी

mātulānī (romanization)
मातुलानी (nominative singular)
मातुलान्यौ (dual nominative)
मातुलान्यः (nominative plural)
मातुलानि (singular vocative)
मातुलान्यौ (dual vocative)
मातुलान्यः (plural vocative)
मातुलानीम् (accusative singular)
मातुलान्यौ (accusative dual)
मातुलानीः (accusative plural)
मातुलान्या (instrumental singular)
मातुलानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातुलानीभिः (instrumental plural)
मातुलान्यै (dative singular)
मातुलानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातुलानीभ्यः (dative plural)
मातुलान्याः (ablative singular)
मातुलानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातुलानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातुलान्याः (genitive singular)
मातुलान्योः (dual genitive)
मातुलानीनाम् (genitive plural)
मातुलान्याम् (locative singular)
मातुलान्योः (dual locative)
मातुलानीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of मातुलानी

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्यः

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्यः

मातुलानीनाम्

मातुलान्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्यः

मातुलानीभ्याम्

मातुलानीभ्यः

मातुलानीनाम्

मातुलान्याम्

Feminine form of मातुल (mātula, “maternal uncle”), from मातृ (mātṛ, “mother”).


ज्ञाति

sa-noun

ज्ञाति • (jñātí) stem, m

jñātí (romanization)
ज्ञातिः (nominative singular)
ज्ञाती (dual nominative)
ज्ञातयः (nominative plural)
ज्ञाते (singular vocative)
ज्ञाती (dual vocative)
ज्ञातयः (plural vocative)
ज्ञातिम् (accusative singular)
ज्ञाती (accusative dual)
ज्ञातीन् (accusative plural)
ज्ञातिना (instrumental singular)
ज्ञात्या1 (instrumental singular)
ज्ञातिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्ञातिभिः (instrumental plural)
ज्ञातये (dative singular)
ज्ञातिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्ञातिभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्ञातेः (ablative singular)
ज्ञात्यः1 (ablative singular)
ज्ञातिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्ञातिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्ञातेः (genitive singular)
ज्ञात्यः1 (genitive singular)
ज्ञात्योः (dual genitive)
ज्ञातीनाम् (genitive plural)
ज्ञातौ (locative singular)
ज्ञाता1 (locative singular)
ज्ञात्योः (dual locative)
ज्ञातिषु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀜𑀸𑀢𑀺 (ñāti, Girnar), 𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (nāti, Kalsi)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨙𐨟𐨁 (ñati)

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀇 (ṇāi)

Pali: ñāti

⇒ *ज्ञातिक (jñātika)

⇒ *ज्ञातिक (jñātika)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀜𑀸𑀢𑀺𑀓 (ñātika, Girnar), 𐨙𐨟𐨁𐨐 (ñatika, Shahbazgarhi)

/ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.t̪i/

Either:
# From the root जन् (jan, “to beget, generate”).
# From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know; be familiar with”).

sa-root

सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
ससन्तु सर्वे ज्ञातयः सस्त्वयमभितो जनः ॥
sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ.

May the mother sleep, may the father sleep, may the dog and the village chief sleep.
May all the kinsmen and all the people who are round about sleep.

sasantu sarve jñātayaḥ sastvayamabhito janaḥ.

एधन्ते अस्या ज्ञातयः पतिर्बन्धेषु बध्यते ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 14.1.26.2

Her kinsmen prosper; the husband is bound in bonds.

edhante asyā jñātayaḥ patirbandheṣu badhyate.


बान्धव

bāndhava (romanization)
बान्धवः (nominative singular)
बान्धवौ (dual nominative)
बान्धवा1 (dual nominative)
बान्धवाः (nominative plural)
बान्धवासः1 (nominative plural)
बान्धव (singular vocative)
बान्धवौ (dual vocative)
बान्धवा1 (dual vocative)
बान्धवाः (plural vocative)
बान्धवासः1 (plural vocative)
बान्धवम् (accusative singular)
बान्धवौ (accusative dual)
बान्धवा1 (accusative dual)
बान्धवान् (accusative plural)
बान्धवेन (instrumental singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बान्धवैः (instrumental plural)
बान्धवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बान्धवाय (dative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बान्धवेभ्यः (dative plural)
बान्धवात् (ablative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बान्धवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बान्धवस्य (genitive singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual genitive)
बान्धवानाम् (genitive plural)
बान्धवे (locative singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual locative)
बान्धवेषु (locative plural)
बान्धवम् (nominative singular)
बान्धवे (dual nominative)
बान्धवानि (nominative plural)
बान्धवा1 (nominative plural)
बान्धव (singular vocative)
बान्धवे (dual vocative)
बान्धवानि (plural vocative)
बान्धवा1 (plural vocative)
बान्धवम् (accusative singular)
बान्धवे (accusative dual)
बान्धवानि (accusative plural)
बान्धवा1 (accusative plural)
बान्धवेन (instrumental singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बान्धवैः (instrumental plural)
बान्धवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बान्धवाय (dative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बान्धवेभ्यः (dative plural)
बान्धवात् (ablative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बान्धवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बान्धवस्य (genitive singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual genitive)
बान्धवानाम् (genitive plural)
बान्धवे (locative singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual locative)
बान्धवेषु (locative plural)
बान्धवा (nominative singular)
बान्धवे (dual nominative)
बान्धवाः (nominative plural)
बान्धवे (singular vocative)
बान्धवे (dual vocative)
बान्धवाः (plural vocative)
बान्धवाम् (accusative singular)
बान्धवे (accusative dual)
बान्धवाः (accusative plural)
बान्धवया (instrumental singular)
बान्धवा1 (instrumental singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बान्धवाभिः (instrumental plural)
बान्धवायै (dative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बान्धवाभ्यः (dative plural)
बान्धवायाः (ablative singular)
बान्धवायै2 (ablative singular)
बान्धवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बान्धवाभ्यः (ablative plural)
बान्धवायाः (genitive singular)
बान्धवायै2 (genitive singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual genitive)
बान्धवानाम् (genitive plural)
बान्धवायाम् (locative singular)
बान्धवयोः (dual locative)
बान्धवासु (locative plural)
बान्धवी (nominative singular)
बान्धव्यौ (dual nominative)
बान्धवी1 (dual nominative)
बान्धव्यः (nominative plural)
बान्धवीः1 (nominative plural)
बान्धवि (singular vocative)
बान्धव्यौ (dual vocative)
बान्धवी1 (dual vocative)
बान्धव्यः (plural vocative)
बान्धवीः1 (plural vocative)
बान्धवीम् (accusative singular)
बान्धव्यौ (accusative dual)
बान्धवी1 (accusative dual)
बान्धवीः (accusative plural)
बान्धव्या (instrumental singular)
बान्धवीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बान्धवीभिः (instrumental plural)
बान्धव्यै (dative singular)
बान्धवीभ्याम् (dative dual)
बान्धवीभ्यः (dative plural)
बान्धव्याः (ablative singular)
बान्धव्यै2 (ablative singular)
बान्धवीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बान्धवीभ्यः (ablative plural)
बान्धव्याः (genitive singular)
बान्धव्यै2 (genitive singular)
बान्धव्योः (dual genitive)
बान्धवीनाम् (genitive plural)
बान्धव्याम् (locative singular)
बान्धव्योः (dual locative)
बान्धवीषु (locative plural)

Pali: bandhava

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bāndhawa
> Javanese: ꦮꦤ꧀ꦢꦮ (wandawa) (inherited)

/ˈbɑːn̪.d̪ʱɐ.ʋɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of बन्धु (bándhu, “relation”).


वाचम्

head

वाचम् • (vā́cam)

/ˈʋɑː.t͡ɕɐm/


वाक्

वाक् • (vā́k)

nominative singular of वाच् (vā́c, “speech, voice”)


काच

kācá (romanization)
काचः (nominative singular)
काचौ (dual nominative)
काचाः (nominative plural)
काच (singular vocative)
काचौ (dual vocative)
काचाः (plural vocative)
काचम् (accusative singular)
काचौ (accusative dual)
काचान् (accusative plural)
काचेन (instrumental singular)
काचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काचैः (instrumental plural)
काचाय (dative singular)
काचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काचेभ्यः (dative plural)
काचात् (ablative singular)
काचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काचस्य (genitive singular)
काचयोः (dual genitive)
काचानाम् (genitive plural)
काचे (locative singular)
काचयोः (dual locative)
काचेषु (locative plural)
काचम् (nominative singular)
काचे (dual nominative)
काचानि (nominative plural)
काच (singular vocative)
काचे (dual vocative)
काचानि (plural vocative)
काचम् (accusative singular)
काचे (accusative dual)
काचानि (accusative plural)
काचेन (instrumental singular)
काचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काचैः (instrumental plural)
काचाय (dative singular)
काचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काचेभ्यः (dative plural)
काचात् (ablative singular)
काचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काचस्य (genitive singular)
काचयोः (dual genitive)
काचानाम् (genitive plural)
काचे (locative singular)
काचयोः (dual locative)
काचेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of काच

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">काच</i>

Pali: kāca

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀬 (kāya), 𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀘 (kacca)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਕੱਚ (kacca)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કાચ (kāc)

Hindustani: kā̃c

Hindi: काँच

desc

Urdu: کاَنْچْ

Urdu: کاَنْچْ

Nepali: कांच (kāñca)

→ Assamese: কাচ (kas)

→ Bengali: কাচ (kac), কাঁচ (kãc)

→ Chakma: 𑄇𑄌𑄴 (kāc)

→ Kannada: ಗಾಜು (gāju)

→ Malay: kaca

Indonesian: kaca

desctree

→ Old Javanese: kaca
Javanese: ꦏꦕ (kaca, “glass; mirror”)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬘ (kaca, “glass”)

→ Odia: କାଚ (kāca)

→ Telugu: గాజు (gāju)

→ Marathi: काच (kāċ)


धारा

dhā́rā (romanization)
धारा (nominative singular)
धारे (dual nominative)
धाराः (nominative plural)
धारे (singular vocative)
धारे (dual vocative)
धाराः (plural vocative)
धाराम् (accusative singular)
धारे (accusative dual)
धाराः (accusative plural)
धारया (instrumental singular)
धारा1 (instrumental singular)
धाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धाराभिः (instrumental plural)
धारायै (dative singular)
धाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
धाराभ्यः (dative plural)
धारायाः (ablative singular)
धारायै2 (ablative singular)
धाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धाराभ्यः (ablative plural)
धारायाः (genitive singular)
धारायै2 (genitive singular)
धारयोः (dual genitive)
धाराणाम् (genitive plural)
धारायाम् (locative singular)
धारयोः (dual locative)
धारासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: دار (dār)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (dhār)

Grangali: [script needed] (dār)

Kashmiri: دار (dār)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)

Savi: [script needed] (dhāre)

Shina: [script needed] (dār)

Shumashti: [script needed] (dār)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)

Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dhār)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dār)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: දරය (daraya)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)

Assamese: ধাৰ (dhar)

Bengali: ধার (dhar)

Bihari: धार (dhār)

Bhojpuri: धार (dhār)

Maithili: धार (dhār, “line”)

Odia: ଧାର (dhāra)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)

Konkani: धार (dhār, “sharpness”)

Marathi: धार (dhār)

Pali: dhārā

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀸𑀭𑀸 (dhārā)

Gujarati: ધાર (dhār)

Kumaoni: धार (dhār)

Hindustani:

Hindi: धार (dhār)

Urdu: دهار (dhār)

Nepali: धार (dhār)

Punjabi: ਧਾਰ (dhār)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰā́raH, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā), Old English daru (whence English dere). Compare also English dart, ultimately from Frankish *darōþu.
An alternative theory espoused by Lubotsky and Mayrhofer derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *dʰṇh₂-reh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion, flow”) and thus cognate to धन् (dhan, “to move, run”).
Possibly related to Persian درد (dord, “dregs”).

der

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.ɾɑː/

flood, gush, jet, drop (of any liquid), shower, rain (also figuratively of arrows, flowers, etc.)

uniformity, sameness (as of flowing water)


धारा

Probably the same as Etymology 1, as blades were perhaps traditionally hardened and sharpened by streaming water.

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.ɾɑː/

margin, sharp edge, rim, blade (esp. of a sword, knife, etc.)

(figuratively) the flame (blade) of fire

highest point, summit, glory, excellence


रज्जु

rájju (romanization)
रज्जुः (nominative singular)
रज्जू (dual nominative)
रज्जवः (nominative plural)
रज्जो (singular vocative)
रज्जू (dual vocative)
रज्जवः (plural vocative)
रज्जुम् (accusative singular)
रज्ज्वम् (accusative singular)
रज्जू (accusative dual)
रज्जूः (accusative plural)
रज्ज्वा (instrumental singular)
रज्जुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रज्जुभिः (instrumental plural)
रज्जवे (dative singular)
रज्ज्वै1 (dative singular)
रज्जुभ्याम् (dative dual)
रज्जुभ्यः (dative plural)
रज्जोः (ablative singular)
रज्ज्वाः1 (ablative singular)
रज्ज्वै2 (ablative singular)
रज्जुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रज्जुभ्यः (ablative plural)
रज्जोः (genitive singular)
रज्ज्वाः1 (genitive singular)
रज्ज्वै2 (genitive singular)
रज्ज्वोः (dual genitive)
रज्जूनाम् (genitive plural)
रज्जौ (locative singular)
रज्ज्वाम्1 (locative singular)
रज्ज्वोः (dual locative)
रज्जुषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: raǰhúk

Kashmiri: رَز (raz)

Phalura: راج (rāǰ)

Shina: رژ (răž), رجو (raǰo)

Pali: rajju

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀚 (rajja)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani:

Hindi: लजुरी (lajurī)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: লেজু (lezu)

Bengali: লেজুড় (lejuṛ)

Bihari: लजुरी (lajurī)

Bhojpuri: लजुरी (lajurī)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Bhadrawahi: रजूड़ी (rajūṛī)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ރޮދި (rodi)

Sinhalese: රොද්ද (rodda), රොදු (rodu)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani:

Devanagari script: राज्जु (rājju)

Latin script: rajju

Kannada script: ರಾಜ್ಜು

Marathi: रज्जू (rajjū)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: lajj

Gurmukhi script: ਲੱਜ

Shahmukhi script: لَجّ

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: laj̄a

Arabic script: لَڄَ

Devanagari script: रॼ

[ɾɐ́d̚.d͡ʑu]

/ˈɾɐd̪.d͡ʑu/

[ˈɾɐd̪̚.d͡ʑu]

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ráźȷ́uṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rázǰuš, form Proto-Indo-European *résg-u-s, from *(H)resg- (“to weave, plait”). Cognate with Latin restis, Russian ро́зга (rózga), Lithuanian rezgti. Compare also Old Armenian երագազ (eragaz), an Iranian borrowing.

यद्वा॒जिनो॒ दाम॑ सं॒दान॒मर्व॑तो॒ या शी॑र्ष॒ण्या॑ रश॒ना रज्जु॑र्अ॒स्य॒।
यद्वा॑ घास्य॒ प्रभृ॑तमा॒स्ये॒३॒॑ तृणं॒ सर्वा॒ ता ते॒ अपि॑ दे॒वेष्व॑स्तु॥
yádvājíno dā́ma saṃdā́namárvato yā́ śīrṣaṇyā̀ raśanā́ rájjurasya.

May the fleet Courser's halter and his heel-ropes, the head-stall, and the girths and cords about him.
And the grass put in his mouth to bait him,--among the Devas, too, let all these be with thee.

yádvā ghāsya prábhṛtamāsyè tṛ́ṇaṃ sárvā tā́ te ápi devéṣvastu.


रश्मि

raśmí (romanization)
f (rare)
रश्मिः (nominative singular)
रश्मी (dual nominative)
रश्मयः (nominative plural)
रश्मे (singular vocative)
रश्मी (dual vocative)
रश्मयः (plural vocative)
रश्मिम् (accusative singular)
रश्मी (accusative dual)
रश्मीन् (accusative plural)
रश्मिना (instrumental singular)
रश्म्या1 (instrumental singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रश्मिभिः (instrumental plural)
रश्मये (dative singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (dative dual)
रश्मिभ्यः (dative plural)
रश्मेः (ablative singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रश्मिभ्यः (ablative plural)
रश्मेः (genitive singular)
रश्म्योः (dual genitive)
रश्मीनाम् (genitive plural)
रश्मौ (locative singular)
रश्मा1 (locative singular)
रश्म्योः (dual locative)
रश्मिषु (locative plural)
रश्मिः (nominative singular)
रश्मी (dual nominative)
रश्मयः (nominative plural)
रश्मे (singular vocative)
रश्मी (dual vocative)
रश्मयः (plural vocative)
रश्मिम् (accusative singular)
रश्मी (accusative dual)
रश्मीः (accusative plural)
रश्म्या (instrumental singular)
रश्मी1 (instrumental singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रश्मिभिः (instrumental plural)
रश्मये (dative singular)
रश्म्यै2 (dative singular)
रश्मी1 (dative singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (dative dual)
रश्मिभ्यः (dative plural)
रश्मेः (ablative singular)
रश्म्याः2 (ablative singular)
रश्म्यै3 (ablative singular)
रश्मिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रश्मिभ्यः (ablative plural)
रश्मेः (genitive singular)
रश्म्याः2 (genitive singular)
रश्म्यै3 (genitive singular)
रश्म्योः (dual genitive)
रश्मीनाम् (genitive plural)
रश्मौ (locative singular)
रश्म्याम्2 (locative singular)
रश्मा1 (locative singular)
रश्म्योः (dual locative)
रश्मिषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Shina: رش (răš)

Pali: raṁsi, rasmi

→ Burmese: ရံသီ (ramsi)

→ Thai: รังสี (rang-sǐi)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)

Hindustani: rās

Hindi: रास

Urdu: رَاس (rās)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ৰছী (rosi)

Bengali: রশি (rośi)

Bihari:

Maithili: रास (rās)

Odia: ରାସ (rāsa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: रास (rās)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: रास (rās)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: rassī

Gurmukhi script: ਰੱਸੀ

Shahmukhi script: رَسَّی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: rasi, rasī, raso, rāsī

desc

Arabic script: رَسِ, رَسِي, رَسو, رَاسِي

Devanagari script: रसि, रसी, रसो, रासी

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ރެސް (res)

Sinhalese: රැස (ræsa)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)

Marathi: रस्सी (rassī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀺 (rassi)

Gujarati: રાશ (rāś), રશ્રી (raśrī)

→ Khmer: រស្មី (rĕəʼsməy)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: raśmi
> Javanese: ꦫꦱ꧀ꦩꦶ (rasmi) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬰ᭄ᬫᬶ (rasmi)

→ Thai: รัศมี (rát-sà-mǐi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *raśmíṣ, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *raćmíš, from *rać- (“to bind, tie”), whence also रश्मन् (raśmán), रशना (raśanā́). Cognate with Middle Persian lsn' (rasan), Persian رسن (rasan). Compare also Old Armenian առասան (aṙasan), an Iranian borrowing.

परि॒ यो र॒श्मिना॑ दि॒वोऽन्ता॑न्म॒मे पृ॑थि॒व्याः।
उ॒भे आ प॑प्रौ॒ रोद॑सी महि॒त्वा॥
pári yó raśmínā divóʼntānmamé pṛthivyā́ḥ.

He who hath measured with his ray the boundaries of heaven and earth,
And with his majesty hath filled the two worlds full,


जहका

jáhakā (romanization)
जहका (nominative singular)
जहके (dual nominative)
जहकाः (nominative plural)
जहके (singular vocative)
जहके (dual vocative)
जहकाः (plural vocative)
जहकाम् (accusative singular)
जहके (accusative dual)
जहकाः (accusative plural)
जहकया (instrumental singular)
जहका1 (instrumental singular)
जहकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जहकाभिः (instrumental plural)
जहकायै (dative singular)
जहकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जहकाभ्यः (dative plural)
जहकायाः (ablative singular)
जहकायै2 (ablative singular)
जहकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जहकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जहकायाः (genitive singular)
जहकायै2 (genitive singular)
जहकयोः (dual genitive)
जहकानाम् (genitive plural)
जहकायाम् (locative singular)
जहकयोः (dual locative)
जहकासु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀳𑀕 (jāhaga)

Sindhi: j̄āho

Arabic script: ڄاهو

Devanagari script: ॼाहो

Punjabi: jahā

Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾ

Shahmukhi script: جَہا

/d͡ʑɐ́.ɦɐ.kɑː/

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.ɦɐ.kɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́áźʰakas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáǰʰukas, possibly from the BMAC substrate. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬐𐬀 (dužaka), Middle Persian zwzk' (zūzag), Northern Kurdish jûjî.


परिचित

Pali: paricita

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀇𑀤 (pariida)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ފުރުދު (furudu)

Sinhalese: පුරුදු (purudu)

→ Hindi: परिचित (paricit)


उद्भव

udbhava (romanization)
उद्भवः (nominative singular)
उद्भवौ (dual nominative)
उद्भवा1 (dual nominative)
उद्भवाः (nominative plural)
उद्भवासः1 (nominative plural)
उद्भव (singular vocative)
उद्भवौ (dual vocative)
उद्भवा1 (dual vocative)
उद्भवाः (plural vocative)
उद्भवासः1 (plural vocative)
उद्भवम् (accusative singular)
उद्भवौ (accusative dual)
उद्भवा1 (accusative dual)
उद्भवान् (accusative plural)
उद्भवेन (instrumental singular)
उद्भवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्भवैः (instrumental plural)
उद्भवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्भवाय (dative singular)
उद्भवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्भवेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्भवात् (ablative singular)
उद्भवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्भवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्भवस्य (genitive singular)
उद्भवयोः (dual genitive)
उद्भवानाम् (genitive plural)
उद्भवे (locative singular)
उद्भवयोः (dual locative)
उद्भवेषु (locative plural)

[ˈud̪̚.bʱɐ.ʋɐ]

Compound of उद्- (ud-, “upon”) + भव (bhava, “origin”).


ममता

The feeling of 'meum', the sense of ownership, self-interest, selfishness


देवन्

deván (romanization)
देवा (nominative singular)
देवानौ (dual nominative)
देवाना1 (dual nominative)
देवानः (nominative plural)
देवन् (singular vocative)
देवानौ (dual vocative)
देवाना1 (dual vocative)
देवानः (plural vocative)
देवानम् (accusative singular)
देवानौ (accusative dual)
देवाना1 (accusative dual)
देव्नः (accusative plural)
देव्ना (instrumental singular)
देवभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवभिः (instrumental plural)
देव्ने (dative singular)
देवभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवभ्यः (dative plural)
देव्नः (ablative singular)
देवभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवभ्यः (ablative plural)
देव्नः (genitive singular)
देव्नोः (dual genitive)
देव्नाम् (genitive plural)
देव्नि (locative singular)
देवनि (locative singular)
देवन्1 (locative singular)
देव्नोः (dual locative)
देवसु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪eː.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daHiwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daHiwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“brother-in-law, husband's brother”). Cognate with Latin levir (“brother-in-law, husband’s brother”), Ancient Greek δᾱήρ (dāḗr, “brother-in-law, husband’s brother”), Old English tācor (“brother-in-law, husband’s brother”), Russian де́верь (déverʹ, “brother-in-law, husband’s brother”), Lithuanian dieveris (“brother-in-law, husband’s brother”).

cog

woman's brother-in-law, husband's brother


सपत्नी

sapátnī (romanization)
सपत्नी (nominative singular)
सपत्न्यौ (dual nominative)
सपत्नी1 (dual nominative)
सपत्न्यः (nominative plural)
सपत्नीः1 (nominative plural)
सपत्नि (singular vocative)
सपत्न्यौ (dual vocative)
सपत्नी1 (dual vocative)
सपत्न्यः (plural vocative)
सपत्नीः1 (plural vocative)
सपत्नीम् (accusative singular)
सपत्न्यौ (accusative dual)
सपत्नी1 (accusative dual)
सपत्नीः (accusative plural)
सपत्न्या (instrumental singular)
सपत्नीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सपत्नीभिः (instrumental plural)
सपत्न्यै (dative singular)
सपत्नीभ्याम् (dative dual)
सपत्नीभ्यः (dative plural)
सपत्न्याः (ablative singular)
सपत्न्यै2 (ablative singular)
सपत्नीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सपत्नीभ्यः (ablative plural)
सपत्न्याः (genitive singular)
सपत्न्यै2 (genitive singular)
सपत्न्योः (dual genitive)
सपत्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
सपत्न्याम् (locative singular)
सपत्न्योः (dual locative)
सपत्नीषु (locative plural)

Pali: sapattī

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (savattī), 𑀲𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (saüttī)
Hindustani: saut
Hindi: सौत
Urdu: سوت
Old Marathi: savatī
Devanagari script: सवती
Modi script: 𑘭𑘪𑘝𑘲
Marathi: सवत (savat)

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀡𑀻 (savattiṇī)

Hindi: सौतन (sautan)

→ Hindi: सपत्नी (sapatnī) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-pót-nih₂, from *sm̥- (“together, co-”) + *pótnih₂ (“wife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī, “co-wife”), Pashto بن (bën). By surface analysis, स- (sa-, copulative prefix) + पत्नी (pátnī, “wife”).

surf

इमां खनाम्योषधिं वीरुधं बलवत्तमाम्।
यया सपत्नीं बाधते यया संविन्दते पतिम्॥
imāṃ khanāmyoṣadhiṃ vīrudhaṃ balavattamām.

From out the earth I dig this plant, a herb of most effectual power,
Wherewith one quells the co-wife and gains the husband for herself.

yayā sapatnīṃ bādhate yayā saṃvindate patim.

दर्पान्निराकृता पूर्वं त्वया सौभाग्यवत्तया । राममाता सपत्नी ते कथं वैरं न शातयेत् ॥

Out of your fortune [being the favourite wife of the husband] you slighted her earlier with [your] pride. How will she, Rama's mother, your co-wife [[[Kausalya]]] remain without retaliating?

darpānnirākṛtā pūrvaṃ tvayā saubhāgyavattayā. rāmamātā sapatnī te kathaṃ vairaṃ na śātayet.

विद्धः सपत्न्य्उदितपत्त्रिभिरन्ति राज्ञो बालोऽपि सन्नुपगतस्तपसे वनानि । तस्मा अदाद् ध्रुवगतिं गृणते प्रसन्नो दिव्याः स्तुवन्ति मुनयो यदुपर्यधस्तात् ॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.8

Insulted by the sharp words [lit. arrows] spoken by the co-wife before the king, the boy [[[Dhruva]]] took to do tapas in forests. A pleased [[[Vishnu]]] gave to the extolling Dhruva, a firm position [as Polaris star], which is lauded even by divine munis.

viddhaḥ sapatnyuditapattribhiranti rājño bāloʼpi sannupagatastapase vanāni. tasmā adād dhruvagatiṃ gṛṇate prasanno divyāḥ stuvanti munayo yaduparyadhastāt.

a co-wife, rival wife; another wife of one’s polygamous husband


प्लिहन्

प्लीहन् प्लीहन्#Sanskrit


साद

sādá (romanization)
सादः (nominative singular)
सादौ (dual nominative)
सादा1 (dual nominative)
सादाः (nominative plural)
सादासः1 (nominative plural)
साद (singular vocative)
सादौ (dual vocative)
सादा1 (dual vocative)
सादाः (plural vocative)
सादासः1 (plural vocative)
सादम् (accusative singular)
सादौ (accusative dual)
सादा1 (accusative dual)
सादान् (accusative plural)
सादेन (instrumental singular)
सादाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सादैः (instrumental plural)
सादेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सादाय (dative singular)
सादाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सादेभ्यः (dative plural)
सादात् (ablative singular)
सादाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सादेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सादस्य (genitive singular)
सादयोः (dual genitive)
सादानाम् (genitive plural)
सादे (locative singular)
सादयोः (dual locative)
सादेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *sādás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sādás, from Proto-Indo-European *sod-ó-s, from *sed- (“to sit”). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic ходъ (xodŭ) and Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós).


अरत्नि

aratní (romanization)
अरत्निः (nominative singular)
अरत्नी (dual nominative)
अरत्नयः (nominative plural)
अरत्ने (singular vocative)
अरत्नी (dual vocative)
अरत्नयः (plural vocative)
अरत्निम् (accusative singular)
अरत्नी (accusative dual)
अरत्नीन् (accusative plural)
अरत्निना (instrumental singular)
अरत्न्या1 (instrumental singular)
अरत्निभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अरत्निभिः (instrumental plural)
अरत्नये (dative singular)
अरत्निभ्याम् (dative dual)
अरत्निभ्यः (dative plural)
अरत्नेः (ablative singular)
अरत्निभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अरत्निभ्यः (ablative plural)
अरत्नेः (genitive singular)
अरत्न्योः (dual genitive)
अरत्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
अरत्नौ (locative singular)
अरत्ना1 (locative singular)
अरत्न्योः (dual locative)
अरत्निषु (locative plural)

Pali: ratani

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀭𑀬𑀡𑀺 (arayaṇi)

Southern:

Elu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ރިޔަން (riyan̊, “a unit of measure similar to a cubit”)

Sinhalese: රුයන (ruyana, “elbow”), රියන් (riyan, “cubit”)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

Lahnda: اَرَک (arak)

Sindhi: ارڪ (irika, “elbow”)

/ɐˈɾɐt̪.n̪i/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haratníš (“elbow”), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“elbow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬥𐬀 (ar^əθna), Persian آرنج (âranj), Ancient Greek ὠλένη (ōlénē, “elbow”), Latin ulna (“elbow”), English elbow.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

a unit of measure similar to the cubit, measuring from the elbow to the tip of the little finger


वस्मन्

vásman (romanization)
वस्म (nominative singular)
वस्मनी (dual nominative)
वस्मानि (nominative plural)
वस्म1 (nominative plural)
वस्मा1 (nominative plural)
वस्मन् (singular vocative)
वस्म (singular vocative)
वस्मनी (dual vocative)
वस्मानि (plural vocative)
वस्म1 (plural vocative)
वस्मा1 (plural vocative)
वस्म (accusative singular)
वस्मनी (accusative dual)
वस्मानि (accusative plural)
वस्म1 (accusative plural)
वस्मा1 (accusative plural)
वस्मना (instrumental singular)
वस्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वस्मभिः (instrumental plural)
वस्मने (dative singular)
वस्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
वस्मभ्यः (dative plural)
वस्मनः (ablative singular)
वस्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वस्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
वस्मनः (genitive singular)
वस्मनोः (dual genitive)
वस्मनाम् (genitive plural)
वस्मनि (locative singular)
वस्मन्1 (locative singular)
वस्मनोः (dual locative)
वस्मसु (locative plural)

/ˈʋɐs̪.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wásma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wásma, from Proto-Indo-European *wésmn̥, from the root *wes- (“to dress, clothe”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εἷμα (heîma).

वहिष्ठेभिर्विहरन्यासि तन्तुमवव्ययन्नसितं देव वस्म ।
दविध्वतो रश्मयः सूर्यस्य चर्मेवावाधुस्तमो अप्स्वन्तः ॥
vahiṣṭhebhirviharanyāsi tantumavavyayannasitaṃ deva vasma.

Spreading thy web with mightiest Steeds thou comest, rending apart, thou God, the black-hued mantle.
The rays of Surya tremulously shining sink, like a hide, the darkness in the waters.

davidhvato raśmayaḥ sūryasya carmevāvādhustamo apsvantaḥ.

अस्माकं मित्रावरुणावतं रथमादित्यै रुद्रैर्वसुभिः सचाभुवा ।
प्र यद्वयो न पप्तन्वस्मनस्परि श्रवस्यवो हृषीवन्तो वनर्षदः ॥
asmākaṃ mitrāvaruṇāvataṃ rathamādityai rudrairvasubhiḥ sacābhuvā.

HELP, Varuna and Mitra, O ye Twain allied with Vasus, Rudras, and Adityas, help our car,
That, as the wild birds of the forest from their home [nest], our horses may fly forth, glad, eager for renown.

pra yadvayo na paptanvasmanaspari śravasyavo hṛṣīvanto vanarṣadaḥ.


उल्का

ulkā́ (romanization)
उल्का (nominative singular)
उल्के (dual nominative)
उल्काः (nominative plural)
उल्के (singular vocative)
उल्के (dual vocative)
उल्काः (plural vocative)
उल्काम् (accusative singular)
उल्के (accusative dual)
उल्काः (accusative plural)
उल्कया (instrumental singular)
उल्का1 (instrumental singular)
उल्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उल्काभिः (instrumental plural)
उल्कायै (dative singular)
उल्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
उल्काभ्यः (dative plural)
उल्कायाः (ablative singular)
उल्कायै2 (ablative singular)
उल्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उल्काभ्यः (ablative plural)
उल्कायाः (genitive singular)
उल्कायै2 (genitive singular)
उल्कयोः (dual genitive)
उल्कानाम् (genitive plural)
उल्कायाम् (locative singular)
उल्कयोः (dual locative)
उल्कासु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: उल्का (ulkā)

→ Kannada: ಉಲ್ಕೆ (ulke)

→ Malayalam: ഉല്ക (ulka), ഉല്ക്ക (ulkka), ഉൽക (ulka), ഉൽക്ക (ulkka), ഉത്ക (utka)

→ Telugu: ఉల్క (ulka)

Uncertain. Probably related to वर्चस् (várcas-, “lustre”). Maybe related to Latin Vulcānus.


बोध

bodhá (romanization)
बोधः (nominative singular)
बोधौ (dual nominative)
बोधा1 (dual nominative)
बोधाः (nominative plural)
बोधासः1 (nominative plural)
बोध (singular vocative)
बोधौ (dual vocative)
बोधा1 (dual vocative)
बोधाः (plural vocative)
बोधासः1 (plural vocative)
बोधम् (accusative singular)
बोधौ (accusative dual)
बोधा1 (accusative dual)
बोधान् (accusative plural)
बोधेन (instrumental singular)
बोधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बोधैः (instrumental plural)
बोधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बोधाय (dative singular)
बोधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बोधेभ्यः (dative plural)
बोधात् (ablative singular)
बोधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बोधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बोधस्य (genitive singular)
बोधयोः (dual genitive)
बोधानाम् (genitive plural)
बोधे (locative singular)
बोधयोः (dual locative)
बोधेषु (locative plural)

waking, becoming or being awake, consciousness

perception, apprehension, thought, knowledge, understanding, intelligence

knowledge personified as a son of Buddhi


उत्तराधिकारी

sa-noun

उत्तराधिकारी • (úttarādhikārī) stem, m

/ut̪.t̪ɐ.ɾɑː.d̪ʱiˈkɑː.ɾiː/

[ut̪̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɑː.d̪ʱiˈkɑː.ɾiː]

उत्तराधिकारिन् उत्तराधिकारिन्

masculine nominative singular of उत्तराधिकारिन् (úttarādhikārin, “successor”)


भानु

bhānú (romanization)
भानुः (nominative singular)
भानू (dual nominative)
भानवः (nominative plural)
भानो (singular vocative)
भानू (dual vocative)
भानवः (plural vocative)
भानुम् (accusative singular)
भानू (accusative dual)
भानून् (accusative plural)
भानुना (instrumental singular)
भान्वा1 (instrumental singular)
भानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भानुभिः (instrumental plural)
भानवे (dative singular)
भान्वे1 (dative singular)
भानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
भानुभ्यः (dative plural)
भानोः (ablative singular)
भान्वः1 (ablative singular)
भानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
भानोः (genitive singular)
भान्वः1 (genitive singular)
भान्वोः (dual genitive)
भानूनाम् (genitive plural)
भानौ (locative singular)
भान्वोः (dual locative)
भानुषु (locative plural)
भानुः (nominative singular)
भानू (dual nominative)
भानवः (nominative plural)
भानो (singular vocative)
भानू (dual vocative)
भानवः (plural vocative)
भानुम् (accusative singular)
भानू (accusative dual)
भानूः (accusative plural)
भान्वा (instrumental singular)
भानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भानुभिः (instrumental plural)
भानवे (dative singular)
भान्वै1 (dative singular)
भानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
भानुभ्यः (dative plural)
भानोः (ablative singular)
भान्वाः1 (ablative singular)
भान्वै2 (ablative singular)
भानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
भानोः (genitive singular)
भान्वाः1 (genitive singular)
भान्वै2 (genitive singular)
भान्वोः (dual genitive)
भानूनाम् (genitive plural)
भानौ (locative singular)
भान्वाम्1 (locative singular)
भान्वोः (dual locative)
भानुषु (locative plural)

Tamil: பானு (pāṉu)

Bengali: ভানু (bhanu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰaHnúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰaHnúš, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-nú-s, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine, glow light”), whence भाति (bhā́ti, “to shine”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs), Latin iubar.

ए॒ता उ॒ त्या उ॒षस॑: के॒तुम॑क्रत॒ पूर्वे॒ अर्धे॒ रज॑सो भा॒नुम॑ञ्जते।
नि॒ष्कृ॒ण्वा॒ना आयु॑धानीव धृ॒ष्णव॒: प्रति॒ गावोऽरु॑षीर्यन्ति मा॒तर॑:॥
etā́ u tyā́ uṣása: ketúmakrata pū́rve árdhe rájaso bhānúmañjate.

These divinities of the morning have spread light over the world; they make and manifest the light in the eastern portion of the firmament, brightening all things, like warriors burnishing their weapons; the radiant and progressing mothers of the earth, they travel daily on their course.

niṣkṛṇvānā́ ā́yudhānīva dhṛṣṇáva: práti gā́vóʼruṣīryanti mātára:.


शोध

Old Marathi: सूड (sūḍa)

Marathi: सूड (sūḍ)

→ Hindi: शोध (śodh)


उष्णकाल

uṣṇakāla (romanization)
उष्णकालः (nominative singular)
उष्णकालौ (dual nominative)
उष्णकालाः (nominative plural)
उष्णकाल (singular vocative)
उष्णकालौ (dual vocative)
उष्णकालाः (plural vocative)
उष्णकालम् (accusative singular)
उष्णकालौ (accusative dual)
उष्णकालान् (accusative plural)
उष्णकालेन (instrumental singular)
उष्णकालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उष्णकालैः (instrumental plural)
उष्णकालाय (dative singular)
उष्णकालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उष्णकालेभ्यः (dative plural)
उष्णकालात् (ablative singular)
उष्णकालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उष्णकालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उष्णकालस्य (genitive singular)
उष्णकालयोः (dual genitive)
उष्णकालानाम् (genitive plural)
उष्णकाले (locative singular)
उष्णकालयोः (dual locative)
उष्णकालेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of उष्णकाल

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालेभ्यः

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालेभ्यः

उष्णकालानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालेभ्यः

उष्णकालाभ्याम्

उष्णकालेभ्यः

उष्णकालानाम्

Maharastri Prakrit:

Old Marathi: उन्हाळा (unhāḷā)

Marathi: उन्हाळा (unhāḷā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ઉનાળો (unāḷo)

/uʂ.ɳɐˈkɑː.l̪ɐ/

उष्ण (uṣṇa, “heat”) + काल (kāla, “season; time”).

compound

उष्णकाले तु गुञ्जैकं ताम्बूलपत्रसंयुतम् ।
चन्द्रवृद्ध्या सदा भक्ष्यं यावत षोडशगुञ्जकम् ॥
uṣṇakāle tu guñjaikaṃ tāmbūlapatrasaṃyutam.

c. 1550, Niyanātha Siddha, Rasaratnākara 2.2.40

candravṛddhyā sadā bhakṣyaṃ yāvata ṣoḍaśaguñjakam.


साधना

sādhanā (romanization)
साधना (nominative singular)
साधने (dual nominative)
साधनाः (nominative plural)
साधने (singular vocative)
साधने (dual vocative)
साधनाः (plural vocative)
साधनाम् (accusative singular)
साधने (accusative dual)
साधनाः (accusative plural)
साधनया (instrumental singular)
साधना1 (instrumental singular)
साधनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
साधनाभिः (instrumental plural)
साधनायै (dative singular)
साधनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
साधनाभ्यः (dative plural)
साधनायाः (ablative singular)
साधनायै2 (ablative singular)
साधनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
साधनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
साधनायाः (genitive singular)
साधनायै2 (genitive singular)
साधनयोः (dual genitive)
साधनानाम् (genitive plural)
साधनायाम् (locative singular)
साधनयोः (dual locative)
साधनासु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: साधना (sādhnā) (learned)

/sɑ́ː.dʱɐ.nɑː/

/ˈs̪ɑː.d̪ʱɐ.n̪ɑː/

From the root साध् (sādh) + -अना (-anā).


हेषस्

héṣas (romanization)
हेषः (nominative singular)
हेषसी (dual nominative)
हेषांसि (nominative plural)
हेषः (singular vocative)
हेषसी (dual vocative)
हेषांसि (plural vocative)
हेषः (accusative singular)
हेषसी (accusative dual)
हेषांसि (accusative plural)
हेषसा (instrumental singular)
हेषोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हेषोभिः (instrumental plural)
हेषसे (dative singular)
हेषोभ्याम् (dative dual)
हेषोभ्यः (dative plural)
हेषसः (ablative singular)
हेषोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हेषोभ्यः (ablative plural)
हेषसः (genitive singular)
हेषसोः (dual genitive)
हेषसाम् (genitive plural)
हेषसि (locative singular)
हेषसोः (dual locative)
हेषःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáyṣas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyšas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysos ~ ǵʰéyses-, from *ǵʰey- (“to drive, throw, wound”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”), Old Irish gae (“spear”), Old English gār (“spear”). The Sanskrit root is हेष् (heṣ).


कुठार

kuṭhāra (romanization)
कुठारः (nominative singular)
कुठारौ (dual nominative)
कुठाराः (nominative plural)
कुठार (singular vocative)
कुठारौ (dual vocative)
कुठाराः (plural vocative)
कुठारम् (accusative singular)
कुठारौ (accusative dual)
कुठारान् (accusative plural)
कुठारेण (instrumental singular)
कुठाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुठारैः (instrumental plural)
कुठाराय (dative singular)
कुठाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुठारेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुठारात् (ablative singular)
कुठाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुठारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुठारस्य (genitive singular)
कुठारयोः (dual genitive)
कुठाराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुठारे (locative singular)
कुठारयोः (dual locative)
कुठारेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kuṭhārī

desc

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀠𑀸𑀭 (kuḍhāra), 𑀓𑀼𑀳𑀸𑀟 (kuhāḍa)

Bengali: কুড়াল (kuṛal), কুড়ালি (kuṛali), কুড়ুল (kuṛul)

Gujarati: કુહાડો (kuhāḍo), કુહાડી (kuhāḍī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: कुल्हाड़ा (kulhāṛā), कुल्हाड़ी (kulhāṛī)

Urdu: کُلْہَاڑَا (kulhāṛā), کُلْہَاڑِی (kulhāṛī)

Punjabi: ਕੁਹਾੜਾ (kuhāṛā, “axe”), ਕਹੀ (kahī, “hoe, spade”), ਕੁਲ੍ਹਾੜਾ (kulhāṛā)

Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘚 (kurhāḍa), 𑘎𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘮𑘰𑘚𑘲 (kurhāḍī)

Marathi: कुऱ्हाड (kurhāḍ), कुर्हाडी (kurhāḍī)

Odia: କୁଡ଼ାଲ (kuṛāla), କୁରାଢ଼ (kurāṛha), କୁରାଢ଼ି (kurāṛhi), କୁର୍ହାଡ଼ି (kurhāṛi), କୁଡ଼ାରି (kuṛāri)

Sindhi: ڪُهاڙو, ڪُهاڙيِ

Sindhi: ڪُهاڙو, ڪُهاڙيِ

→ Assamese: কুঠাৰ (kuthar) (learned)

→ Tamil: குடாரி (kuṭāri) (learned)

/ku.ʈʰɑː.ɾɐ/

/kuˈʈʰɑː.ɾɐ/

Unknown.
Turner and some earlier sources argue for a borrowing from Dravidian (compare modern Tamil குடாரி (kuṭāri, “axe”)). However, Burrow convincingly showed that the Dravidian terms cannot be original (due to unusual vowel length in the Tamil and Malayalam terms) and are likely borrowed or derived from Sanskrit.
Proponents of Fortunatov's law have supported inheritance from Proto-Indo-European *kl̥tḗr, with Latin culter (“butcher's knife”) as a cognate. Burrow compares Sanskrit कुलिश (kuliśa, “axe”) as evidence for a root *kul-. However, the formation of the Indo-European source is unusual and the aspiration in the Sanskrit word is still unexplained.


वम्र

vamrá (romanization)
वम्रः (nominative singular)
वम्रौ (dual nominative)
वम्राः (nominative plural)
वम्र (singular vocative)
वम्रौ (dual vocative)
वम्राः (plural vocative)
वम्रम् (accusative singular)
वम्रौ (accusative dual)
वम्रान् (accusative plural)
वम्रेण (instrumental singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वम्रैः (instrumental plural)
वम्राय (dative singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वम्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वम्रात् (ablative singular)
वम्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वम्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वम्रस्य (genitive singular)
वम्रयोः (dual genitive)
वम्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वम्रे (locative singular)
वम्रयोः (dual locative)
वम्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of वम्र

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wamrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *marwíš, *warmíš, *wamrás, from Proto-Indo-European *morwi-. Compare Latin formīca, Ancient Greek μύρμηξ (múrmēx), Old Church Slavonic мравии (mravii), Old Irish moirb, English mire (“ant (obsolete)”).


उपार्जन

upārjana (romanization)
उपार्जनम् (nominative singular)
उपार्जने (dual nominative)
उपार्जनानि (nominative plural)
उपार्जना1 (nominative plural)
उपार्जन (singular vocative)
उपार्जने (dual vocative)
उपार्जनानि (plural vocative)
उपार्जना1 (plural vocative)
उपार्जनम् (accusative singular)
उपार्जने (accusative dual)
उपार्जनानि (accusative plural)
उपार्जना1 (accusative plural)
उपार्जनेन (instrumental singular)
उपार्जनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपार्जनैः (instrumental plural)
उपार्जनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपार्जनाय (dative singular)
उपार्जनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपार्जनेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपार्जनात् (ablative singular)
उपार्जनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपार्जनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपार्जनस्य (genitive singular)
उपार्जनयोः (dual genitive)
उपार्जनानाम् (genitive plural)
उपार्जने (locative singular)
उपार्जनयोः (dual locative)
उपार्जनेषु (locative plural)

/uˈpɑːɾ.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

From उप- (upa-) + अर्ज् (arj) + -अन (-ana).

तावर्थोपार्जननिमित्तं देशान्तरं गतौ

c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra Dharmabuddhi ca duṣṭabuddhi

thus, having the acquisition of wealth in mind, they went to another region


आदेश

ādeśa (romanization)
आदेशः (nominative singular)
आदेशौ (dual nominative)
आदेशा1 (dual nominative)
आदेशाः (nominative plural)
आदेशासः1 (nominative plural)
आदेश (singular vocative)
आदेशौ (dual vocative)
आदेशा1 (dual vocative)
आदेशाः (plural vocative)
आदेशासः1 (plural vocative)
आदेशम् (accusative singular)
आदेशौ (accusative dual)
आदेशा1 (accusative dual)
आदेशान् (accusative plural)
आदेशेन (instrumental singular)
आदेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आदेशैः (instrumental plural)
आदेशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आदेशाय (dative singular)
आदेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आदेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
आदेशात् (ablative singular)
आदेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आदेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आदेशस्य (genitive singular)
आदेशयोः (dual genitive)
आदेशानाम् (genitive plural)
आदेशे (locative singular)
आदेशयोः (dual locative)
आदेशेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ādesa

Prakrit: 𑀆𑀏𑀲 (āesa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: आयसु (āyasu)

Old Gujarati: आएस (āesa)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ආඉසො (āiso)

→ Hindi: आदेश (ādeś)

→ Kannada: ಆದೇಶ (ādēśa)

→ Marathi: आदेश (ādeś)

→ Dhivehi: އާދޭއްސަ (ādēssa) (learned)

→ Sinhalese: ආදෙස (ādesa) (learned)

/ɑː.dɐj.ɕɐ́/

/ɑːˈd̪eː.ɕɐ/


बजाय

/bɐˈd͡ʑɑː.jɐ/


युक्त

yuktá (romanization)
युक्तम् (nominative singular)
युक्ते (dual nominative)
युक्तानि (nominative plural)
युक्ता1 (nominative plural)
युक्त (singular vocative)
युक्ते (dual vocative)
युक्तानि (plural vocative)
युक्ता1 (plural vocative)
युक्तम् (accusative singular)
युक्ते (accusative dual)
युक्तानि (accusative plural)
युक्ता1 (accusative plural)
युक्तेन (instrumental singular)
युक्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
युक्तैः (instrumental plural)
युक्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
युक्ताय (dative singular)
युक्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
युक्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
युक्तात् (ablative singular)
युक्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
युक्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
युक्तस्य (genitive singular)
युक्तयोः (dual genitive)
युक्तानाम् (genitive plural)
युक्ते (locative singular)
युक्तयोः (dual locative)
युक्तेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *yewg-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *yugtós
Sanskrit युक्त (yukta)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós, from *yewg- (“to yoke”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬑𐬙𐬀 (yuxta), Old English ġeiht, and possibly Ancient Greek ζευκτός (zeuktós). By surface analysis, युज् (yuj) + -त (-ta).


गोधूम

godhū́ma (romanization)
गोधूमः (nominative singular)
गोधूमौ (dual nominative)
गोधूमा1 (dual nominative)
गोधूमाः (nominative plural)
गोधूमासः1 (nominative plural)
गोधूम (singular vocative)
गोधूमौ (dual vocative)
गोधूमा1 (dual vocative)
गोधूमाः (plural vocative)
गोधूमासः1 (plural vocative)
गोधूमम् (accusative singular)
गोधूमौ (accusative dual)
गोधूमा1 (accusative dual)
गोधूमान् (accusative plural)
गोधूमेन (instrumental singular)
गोधूमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोधूमैः (instrumental plural)
गोधूमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गोधूमाय (dative singular)
गोधूमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोधूमेभ्यः (dative plural)
गोधूमात् (ablative singular)
गोधूमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोधूमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोधूमस्य (genitive singular)
गोधूमयोः (dual genitive)
गोधूमानाम् (genitive plural)
गोधूमे (locative singular)
गोधूमयोः (dual locative)
गोधूमेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: gúum

Khowar: گوم (goóm)

Pali: godhūma

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
Central:
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: गेहूँ (gehū̃)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
Romani: giv, ghiu
Lomavren: gihu, giu
Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
Hindustani:
Hindi: गोहूँ (gohū̃), गेहूँ (gehū̃), गहूँ (gahū̃)
Urdu: گوہُوں (gohū̃), گیہُوں (gehū̃), گَہُوں (gahū̃)
Eastern:
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: ঘেঁহু (ghẽhu), গম (gom), গোম (güm), ঘেঁহু (ghẽhu), গোমধান (gümodhan)
Bengali: গম (gom), গোম (gōm), গম (gom)
→ Burmese: ဂျုံ (gyum)
Bihari: गोहुँ (gohũ), गहुम (gahum)
Bhojpuri: गोहूँ (gōhū̃)
Maithili: गोहुम (gōhum), गहूम (gahūm)
Odia: ଗହୁଁ (gahũ), ଗହମ (gahama)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: गेवुँ (gevũ)
Kumaoni: ग्यूँ (gyū̃)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: गहुँ (gahũ), गउँ (ga͠u)
Western Pahari:
Bhadrawahi: गहूं (gahū̃), गेउं (geũ)
Pangwali: गिऊंह (giū̃h)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi: गेहूं /گيهُون (g̠ehū̃)
Jadgali: [script needed] (gī̃ū̃)
Southern:
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ގޮދަން (godan̊)
Sinhalese: ගොයම (goyama)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
Konkani: gãv
Devanagari script: गंव
Kannada script: ಗಂವ್
Latin script: gonv
Marathi: गहू (gahū)
Western:
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀳𑀽𑀫 (gohūma)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Gujarati: ઘઉં (ghaũ), ઘઉં (ghaũ)

→ Kannada: ಗೋಧಿ (gōdhi)

→ Malayalam: ഗോതമ്പ് (gōtampŭ)

→ Tamil: கோதுமை (kōtumai)

→ Telugu: గోధుమ (gōdhuma)

→ Hindi: गोधूम (godhūm) (learned)

/ɡoːˈd̪ʱuː.mɐ/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰúHmas ~ *gantúHmas, possibly ultimately from a Middle Eastern wanderwort (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ, whence Arabic حِنْطَة (ḥinṭa, “spelt, wheat”)). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gaṇtuma), 𐬔𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎𐬨𐬀 (gantuma), Middle Persian gnwm (gannum).
Later reanalyzed as a native formation, गो (go, “earth”) + धूम (dhūma, “smoke”).

inh

व्री॒हय॑श् च मे॒ यवाश् च मे॒ माषाश् च मे॒ तिलाश् च मे मु॒द्गाश् च॑ मे ख॒ल्वाश् च मे गो॒धूमाश् च मे म॒सुराश् च मे प्रि॒यङ्ग॑वश् च॒ मे ऽण॑वश् च मे श्या॒माकाश् च मे नी॒वाराश् च मे ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.7.4

And to me may rice, barley, beans, sesame, kidney beans, vetches, wheat, lentils, Millet, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum frumentaceum, and wild rice [be granted].

vrīháyaś ca me yávā́ś cá me mā́ṣā́ś cá me tílā́ś cá mé mudgā́ś ca me khalvā́ś cá mé godhū́mā́ś cá mé masúrā́ś cá mé priyáṅgavaś ca mé ʼṇavaś ca me śyāmā́kā́ś cá mé nīvā́rā́ś cá mé.


निज

nija (romanization)
निजः (nominative singular)
निजौ (dual nominative)
निजा1 (dual nominative)
निजाः (nominative plural)
निजासः1 (nominative plural)
निज (singular vocative)
निजौ (dual vocative)
निजा1 (dual vocative)
निजाः (plural vocative)
निजासः1 (plural vocative)
निजम् (accusative singular)
निजौ (accusative dual)
निजा1 (accusative dual)
निजान् (accusative plural)
निजेन (instrumental singular)
निजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निजैः (instrumental plural)
निजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निजाय (dative singular)
निजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निजेभ्यः (dative plural)
निजात् (ablative singular)
निजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निजस्य (genitive singular)
निजयोः (dual genitive)
निजानाम् (genitive plural)
निजे (locative singular)
निजयोः (dual locative)
निजेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: নিজ (niz)

Bengali: নিজ (nij)

→ Hindi: निज (nij)

→ Tamil: நிஜம் (nijam), நிசம் (nicam)

→ Telugu: నిజము (nijamu)


आकाशवाणी

sa-noun

आकाशवाणी • (ākāśavāṇī) stem, f

ākāśavāṇī (romanization)
आकाशवाणी (nominative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual nominative)
आकाशवाण्यः (nominative plural)
आकाशवाणि (singular vocative)
आकाशवाण्यौ (dual vocative)
आकाशवाण्यः (plural vocative)
आकाशवाणीम् (accusative singular)
आकाशवाण्यौ (accusative dual)
आकाशवाणीः (accusative plural)
आकाशवाण्या (instrumental singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकाशवाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
आकाशवाण्यै (dative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (ablative singular)
आकाशवाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकाशवाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकाशवाण्याः (genitive singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual genitive)
आकाशवाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकाशवाण्याम् (locative singular)
आकाशवाण्योः (dual locative)
आकाशवाणीषु (locative plural)

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐ.ʋɑː.ɳiː/

/ɑː.kɑː.ɕɐˈʋɑː.ɳiː/

आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + वाणी (vāṇī, “voice”); the sense of radio originated in 1935 from Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi), which was coined by the founders of a Mysore radio station that would have the same name. It then was "back-borrowed" into Sanskrit, where it spread to other Indic languages which borrowed vocabulary, including the original sense of this word, from Sanskrit after it was adopted by All India Radio.

bor

Kannada ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ (ākāśavāṇi)

आकाशवाणीं योजयतु


स्पर्धा

spardhā (romanization)
स्पर्धा (nominative singular)
स्पर्धे (dual nominative)
स्पर्धाः (nominative plural)
स्पर्धे (singular vocative)
स्पर्धे (dual vocative)
स्पर्धाः (plural vocative)
स्पर्धाम् (accusative singular)
स्पर्धे (accusative dual)
स्पर्धाः (accusative plural)
स्पर्धया (instrumental singular)
स्पर्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्पर्धाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्पर्धायै (dative singular)
स्पर्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्पर्धाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्पर्धायाः (ablative singular)
स्पर्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्पर्धाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्पर्धायाः (genitive singular)
स्पर्धयोः (dual genitive)
स्पर्धानाम् (genitive plural)
स्पर्धायाम् (locative singular)
स्पर्धयोः (dual locative)
स्पर्धासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of स्पर्धा

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

स्पर्धाभ्याम्

/ˈs̪pɐɾ.d̪ʱɑː/

From Proto-Indo-European *sperdʰ- (“to compete, contest, rival”). Cognate with Old English spyrd (“racecourse, racetrack”).


मेह

méha (romanization)
मेहः (nominative singular)
मेहौ (dual nominative)
मेहा1 (dual nominative)
मेहाः (nominative plural)
मेहासः1 (nominative plural)
मेह (singular vocative)
मेहौ (dual vocative)
मेहा1 (dual vocative)
मेहाः (plural vocative)
मेहासः1 (plural vocative)
मेहम् (accusative singular)
मेहौ (accusative dual)
मेहा1 (accusative dual)
मेहान् (accusative plural)
मेहेन (instrumental singular)
मेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेहैः (instrumental plural)
मेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेहाय (dative singular)
मेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेहात् (ablative singular)
मेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेहस्य (genitive singular)
मेहयोः (dual genitive)
मेहानाम् (genitive plural)
मेहे (locative singular)
मेहयोः (dual locative)
मेहेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hmáyźʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hmáyȷ́ʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃móyǵʰos, from *h₃meyǵʰ- (“to urinate”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (maēza) and Old Armenian մէզ (mēz). Related to मेहति (méhati).


उत्सुक

utsuka (romanization)
उत्सुकम् (nominative singular)
उत्सुके (dual nominative)
उत्सुकानि (nominative plural)
उत्सुका1 (nominative plural)
उत्सुक (singular vocative)
उत्सुके (dual vocative)
उत्सुकानि (plural vocative)
उत्सुका1 (plural vocative)
उत्सुकम् (accusative singular)
उत्सुके (accusative dual)
उत्सुकानि (accusative plural)
उत्सुका1 (accusative plural)
उत्सुकेन (instrumental singular)
उत्सुकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उत्सुकैः (instrumental plural)
उत्सुकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उत्सुकाय (dative singular)
उत्सुकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उत्सुकेभ्यः (dative plural)
उत्सुकात् (ablative singular)
उत्सुकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उत्सुकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उत्सुकस्य (genitive singular)
उत्सुकयोः (dual genitive)
उत्सुकानाम् (genitive plural)
उत्सुके (locative singular)
उत्सुकयोः (dual locative)
उत्सुकेषु (locative plural)

A hyper-Sanskritism of Middle Indic *उच्छुक (ucchuka), from ईच्छु (īcchu, “wishing”), from the same root as इच्छति (icchati, “to desire”).


उपवास

upavāsa (romanization)
उपवासः (nominative singular)
उपवासौ (dual nominative)
उपवासा1 (dual nominative)
उपवासाः (nominative plural)
उपवासासः1 (nominative plural)
उपवास (singular vocative)
उपवासौ (dual vocative)
उपवासा1 (dual vocative)
उपवासाः (plural vocative)
उपवासासः1 (plural vocative)
उपवासम् (accusative singular)
उपवासौ (accusative dual)
उपवासा1 (accusative dual)
उपवासान् (accusative plural)
उपवासेन (instrumental singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपवासैः (instrumental plural)
उपवासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपवासाय (dative singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपवासेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपवासात् (ablative singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपवासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपवासस्य (genitive singular)
उपवासयोः (dual genitive)
उपवासानाम् (genitive plural)
उपवासे (locative singular)
उपवासयोः (dual locative)
उपवासेषु (locative plural)
उपवासम् (nominative singular)
उपवासे (dual nominative)
उपवासानि (nominative plural)
उपवासा1 (nominative plural)
उपवास (singular vocative)
उपवासे (dual vocative)
उपवासानि (plural vocative)
उपवासा1 (plural vocative)
उपवासम् (accusative singular)
उपवासे (accusative dual)
उपवासानि (accusative plural)
उपवासा1 (accusative plural)
उपवासेन (instrumental singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपवासैः (instrumental plural)
उपवासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपवासाय (dative singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपवासेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपवासात् (ablative singular)
उपवासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपवासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपवासस्य (genitive singular)
उपवासयोः (dual genitive)
उपवासानाम् (genitive plural)
उपवासे (locative singular)
उपवासयोः (dual locative)
उपवासेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀉𑀧𑀯𑀸𑀲 (upavāsa)
Prakrit: 𑀉𑀯𑀯𑀸𑀲 (uvavāsa)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: उपवास (upvās)

Urdu: اُپْواس (upvās)

→ Malay: puasa
Indonesian: puasa
→ Acehnese: puasa
→ Cebuano: puasa
→ Maguindanao: puasa
→ Tausug: puasa

→ Tamil: உபவாசம் (upavācam)

/u.pɐˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ/


देवपुत्र

devaputra (romanization)
देवपुत्रः (nominative singular)
देवपुत्रौ (dual nominative)
देवपुत्राः (nominative plural)
देवपुत्र (singular vocative)
देवपुत्रौ (dual vocative)
देवपुत्राः (plural vocative)
देवपुत्रम् (accusative singular)
देवपुत्रौ (accusative dual)
देवपुत्रान् (accusative plural)
देवपुत्रेण (instrumental singular)
देवपुत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवपुत्रैः (instrumental plural)
देवपुत्राय (dative singular)
देवपुत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवपुत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवपुत्रात् (ablative singular)
देवपुत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवपुत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवपुत्रस्य (genitive singular)
देवपुत्रयोः (dual genitive)
देवपुत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
देवपुत्रे (locative singular)
देवपुत्रयोः (dual locative)
देवपुत्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of देवपुत्र

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्रेभ्यः

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्रेभ्यः

देवपुत्राणाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्रेभ्यः

देवपुत्राभ्याम्

देवपुत्रेभ्यः

देवपुत्राणाम्

Pali: devaputta

देव (deva, “god, deity; idol; a god on Earth; heavenly, divine”) + पुत्र (putra, “son”).
Its use as a royal epithet gained popularity under the Central Asian Kushan Empire of North India (30–375 CE), which likely modelled it on Chinese 天子 (tiānzǐ, “son of Heaven”).

compound

(royal title) son of heaven; son of the gods


चपेट

capeṭa (romanization)
चपेटः (nominative singular)
चपेटौ (dual nominative)
चपेटा1 (dual nominative)
चपेटाः (nominative plural)
चपेटासः1 (nominative plural)
चपेट (singular vocative)
चपेटौ (dual vocative)
चपेटा1 (dual vocative)
चपेटाः (plural vocative)
चपेटासः1 (plural vocative)
चपेटम् (accusative singular)
चपेटौ (accusative dual)
चपेटा1 (accusative dual)
चपेटान् (accusative plural)
चपेटेन (instrumental singular)
चपेटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चपेटैः (instrumental plural)
चपेटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चपेटाय (dative singular)
चपेटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चपेटेभ्यः (dative plural)
चपेटात् (ablative singular)
चपेटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चपेटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चपेटस्य (genitive singular)
चपेटयोः (dual genitive)
चपेटानाम् (genitive plural)
चपेटे (locative singular)
चपेटयोः (dual locative)
चपेटेषु (locative plural)

/t͡ɕɐˈpeː.ʈɐ/

Likely borrowed from Dravidian or Munda; compare Tamil சப்பாணி (cappāṇi, “clapping hands”), Telugu చప్పట (cappaṭa, “a slap of the hand”).


दा

dā́ (romanization)
दाः (nominative singular)
दौ (dual nominative)
दा1 (dual nominative)
दाः (nominative plural)
दाः (singular vocative)
दौ (dual vocative)
दा1 (dual vocative)
दाः (plural vocative)
दाम् (accusative singular)
दौ (accusative dual)
दा1 (accusative dual)
दाः (accusative plural)
दः2 (accusative plural)
दा (instrumental singular)
दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दाभिः (instrumental plural)
दे (dative singular)
दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दाभ्यः (dative plural)
दः (ablative singular)
दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दः (genitive singular)
दोः (dual genitive)
दानाम् (genitive plural)
दाम्2 (genitive plural)
दि (locative singular)
दोः (dual locative)
दासु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-
Proto-Indo-Iranian *daH-
Sanskrit दा (dā)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daH-, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”).


भार

bhārá (romanization)
भारः (nominative singular)
भारौ (dual nominative)
भारा1 (dual nominative)
भाराः (nominative plural)
भारासः1 (nominative plural)
भार (singular vocative)
भारौ (dual vocative)
भारा1 (dual vocative)
भाराः (plural vocative)
भारासः1 (plural vocative)
भारम् (accusative singular)
भारौ (accusative dual)
भारा1 (accusative dual)
भारान् (accusative plural)
भारेण (instrumental singular)
भाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भारैः (instrumental plural)
भारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भाराय (dative singular)
भाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
भारेभ्यः (dative plural)
भारात् (ablative singular)
भाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भारस्य (genitive singular)
भारयोः (dual genitive)
भाराणाम् (genitive plural)
भारे (locative singular)
भारयोः (dual locative)
भारेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: bâr

Shumashti: bār

Kalasha: phā̆r, bhār

Kashmiri: بَار (bār), بَارَ (bāra)

Khowar: بر (bar)

Phalura: بھار (bhā́ru)

Shina: بر (bar), بار (bār)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: pār

Pali: bhāra

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀭 (bhāra), 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀬 (bhāraya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Romani: pharo, bar

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Ashkun: bār

Kamkata-viri: bår

Waigali: bā

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: भारु (bhāru)

Kumaoni: भार (bhāro)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: भारो (bhārō)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ބަރު (baru), ބަރަ (bara), ބަރާ (barā), ބަރި (bari)

Sinhalese: බර (bara), බරුව (baruwa)

Assamese: ভৰা (bhora)

Bengali: ভার (bhar)

Hindi: भार (bhār)

Gujarati: ભાર (bhār)

Kannada: ಭಾರ (bhāra)

Khowar: بار

Konkani: भार (bhār)

Malayalam: ഭാരം (bhāraṁ)

Malay: बार

Maithili: भार (bhār)

Marathi: भार (bhār), बार (bār)

Nepali: भारी (bhārī)

Old Javanese: bhāra

Odia: ଭର (bhara)

Punjabi: ਭਾਰ (bhār)

Sindhi: بارُ

Tagalog: bahala

Tamil: பாரம் (pāram)

Telugu: భారము (bhāramu)

Punjabi: ਭਾਰ (bhār)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰārás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰārás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorós, from the root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *bāráh (whence Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra), Old Median *-βārə́h) and Ancient Greek φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”).


मन्दिर

mandira (romanization)
मन्दिरम् (nominative singular)
मन्दिरे (dual nominative)
मन्दिराणि (nominative plural)
मन्दिरा1 (nominative plural)
मन्दिर (singular vocative)
मन्दिरे (dual vocative)
मन्दिराणि (plural vocative)
मन्दिरा1 (plural vocative)
मन्दिरम् (accusative singular)
मन्दिरे (accusative dual)
मन्दिराणि (accusative plural)
मन्दिरा1 (accusative plural)
मन्दिरेण (instrumental singular)
मन्दिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मन्दिरैः (instrumental plural)
मन्दिरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मन्दिराय (dative singular)
मन्दिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मन्दिरेभ्यः (dative plural)
मन्दिरात् (ablative singular)
मन्दिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मन्दिरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मन्दिरस्य (genitive singular)
मन्दिरयोः (dual genitive)
मन्दिराणाम् (genitive plural)
मन्दिरे (locative singular)
मन्दिरयोः (dual locative)
मन्दिरेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin. Related to मन्दुरा (mandurā, “horse stable”), and, along with Ancient Greek μάνδρα (mándra, “enclosed space; barn”), perhaps borrowed from an unidentified third source. Turner derives both Sanskrit words from a hypothetical root *मन्द् (mand, “to stand still”), which also gives मन्द (manda, “slow, tardy”).

any waiting or abiding-place, habitation, dwelling, house, palace, temple, town, camp, etc.