तरस्

táras (romanization)
तरः (nominative singular)
तरसी (dual nominative)
तरांसि (nominative plural)
तरः (singular vocative)
तरसी (dual vocative)
तरांसि (plural vocative)
तरः (accusative singular)
तरसी (accusative dual)
तरांसि (accusative plural)
तरसा (instrumental singular)
तरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तरोभिः (instrumental plural)
तरसे (dative singular)
तरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
तरोभ्यः (dative plural)
तरसः (ablative singular)
तरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
तरसः (genitive singular)
तरसोः (dual genitive)
तरसाम् (genitive plural)
तरसि (locative singular)
तरसोः (dual locative)
तरःसु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀭 (tara)

From the root तॄ (tṝ, “to pass through; traverse; swim; sail”).

sa-root

याव॒त्तरो॑ मघव॒न्याव॒दोजो॒ वज्रे॑ण॒ शत्रु॑मवधीः पृत॒न्युम् ॥

Thou, Maghavan, for all his might and swiftness, slewest thy fighting foeman with thy thunder.

yā́vattáro maghavanyā́vadójo vájreṇa śátrumavadhīḥ pṛtanyúm.

इ॒दं सु मे॑ मरुतो हर्यता॒ वचो॒ यस्य॒ तरे॑म॒ तर॑सा श॒तं हिमाः॑ ॥

Accept, O Maruts, graciously this hymn of mine that we may live a hundred winters with swiftness.

idáṃ sú me maruto haryatā váco yásya tárema tárasā śatáṃ hímāḥ.

quickness, rapidity, speed, swiftness, velocity; energy, activeness

सं यं स्तुभो॒ऽवन॑यो॒ न यन्ति॑ समु॒द्रं न स्र॒वतो॒ रोध॑चक्राः ।
स वि॒द्वाँ उ॒भयं॑ चष्टे अ॒न्तर्बृह॒स्पति॒स्तर॒ आप॑श्च॒ गृध्रः॑ ॥
sáṃ yáṃ stúbhoʼvánayo ná yánti samudráṃ ná sraváto ródhacakrāḥ.
sá vidvā́m̐ ubháyaṃ caṣṭe antárbṛ́haspátistára ā́paśca gṛ́dhraḥ.

He to whom songs of praise go forth like torrents, as rivers, rolling between their banks, flow to the ocean; Bṛhaspati the wise, the eager, closely looks upon both, the ferry and the waters.


शार्दूली

sa-noun

शार्दूली • (śārdūlī) stem, f (masculine शार्दूल)

śārdūlī (romanization)
शार्दूल (masculine)
शार्दूली (nominative singular)
शार्दूल्यौ (dual nominative)
शार्दूली1 (dual nominative)
शार्दूल्यः (nominative plural)
शार्दूलीः1 (nominative plural)
शार्दूलि (singular vocative)
शार्दूल्यौ (dual vocative)
शार्दूली1 (dual vocative)
शार्दूल्यः (plural vocative)
शार्दूलीः1 (plural vocative)
शार्दूलीम् (accusative singular)
शार्दूल्यौ (accusative dual)
शार्दूली1 (accusative dual)
शार्दूलीः (accusative plural)
शार्दूल्या (instrumental singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शार्दूलीभिः (instrumental plural)
शार्दूल्यै (dative singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शार्दूलीभ्यः (dative plural)
शार्दूल्याः (ablative singular)
शार्दूल्यै2 (ablative singular)
शार्दूलीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शार्दूलीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शार्दूल्याः (genitive singular)
शार्दूल्यै2 (genitive singular)
शार्दूल्योः (dual genitive)
शार्दूलीनाम् (genitive plural)
शार्दूल्याम् (locative singular)
शार्दूल्योः (dual locative)
शार्दूलीषु (locative plural)

/ɕɑːɾˈd̪uː.l̪iː/

अपत्यं तु मृगाः सर्वे मृग्या नरवरोत्तम
ऋक्षाश्च मृगमन्दायाः सृमराश्चमरास्तथा
ततस्त्विरावतीं नाम जज्ञे भद्रमदा सुताम्
तस्यास्त्वैरावतः पुत्रो लोकनाथो महागजः
हर्याश्च हरयोऽपत्यं वानराश्च तरस्विनः
गोलाङ्गूलांश्च शार्दूली व्याघ्रांश्चाजनयत् सुतान्
मातङ्ग्यास्त्वथ मातङ्गा अपत्यं मनुजर्षभ
दिशागजांश्च काकुत्स्थ श्वेताप्यजनयत् सुतान्
ततो दुहितरौ राम सुरभिर्द्वे व्यजायत
apatyaṃ tu mṛgāḥ sarve mṛgyā naravarottama
ṛkṣāśca mṛgamandāyāḥ sṛmarāścamarāstathā
tatastvirāvatīṃ nāma jajñe bhadramadā sutām
tasyāstvairāvataḥ putro lokanātho mahāgajaḥ
haryāśca harayoʼpatyaṃ vānarāśca tarasvinaḥ
golāṅgūlāṃśca śārdūlī vyāghrāṃścājanayat sutān
mātaṅgyāstvatha mātaṅgā apatyaṃ manujarṣabha
diśāgajāṃśca kākutstha śvetāpyajanayat sutān
tato duhitarau rāma surabhirdve vyajāyata
Mṛgī, O prince without a peer,
Was mother of the herds of deer,
The bear, the yak, the mountain roe
Their birth to Mṛgamandā owe;
And Bhadramadā joyed to be
Mother of fair Irāvatī,
Who bore Airāvat, huge of mould,
Mid warders of the earth enrolled,
From Harī lordly lions trace,
With monkeys of the wild, their race.
From the great dame Śārdūlī styled
Sprung pards, langurs, and tigers wild.
Mātangi, Prince, gave birth to all
Mātangas, elephants strong and tall,
And Śvetā bore the beasts who stand
One at each wind, earth's warder band.

प्रजज्ञे त्वथ शार्दूली सिंहान्व्याघ्रांश्च भारत ।
prajajñe tvatha śārdūlī siṃhānvyāghrāṃśca bhārata.

And Śārdūlī begot lions and tigers in numbers, and also leopards and all other strong animals, O Bhārata.

the mythical mother of tigers and other beasts of prey


अभद्र

abhadra (romanization)
अभद्रम् (nominative singular)
अभद्रे (dual nominative)
अभद्राणि (nominative plural)
अभद्र (singular vocative)
अभद्रे (dual vocative)
अभद्राणि (plural vocative)
अभद्रम् (accusative singular)
अभद्रे (accusative dual)
अभद्राणि (accusative plural)
अभद्रेण (instrumental singular)
अभद्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभद्रैः (instrumental plural)
अभद्राय (dative singular)
अभद्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभद्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभद्रात् (ablative singular)
अभद्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभद्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभद्रस्य (genitive singular)
अभद्रयोः (dual genitive)
अभद्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अभद्रे (locative singular)
अभद्रयोः (dual locative)
अभद्रेषु (locative plural)

/ɐˈbʱɐd̪.ɾɐ/

From अ- (a-, “not”) + भद्र (bhadrá, “auspicious; good; pleasant”).

prefix

हृद्यन्तःस्थो ह्य्अभद्राणि विधूनोति सुहृत्सताम् ॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.2.17.2

He [Krishna] destroys the badnesses in the inside of the heart of the good-hearted people.

hṛdyantaḥstho hyabhadrāṇi vidhūnoti suhṛtsatām.


भित्ति

bhittí (romanization)
भित्तिः (nominative singular)
भित्ती (dual nominative)
भित्तयः (nominative plural)
भित्ते (singular vocative)
भित्ती (dual vocative)
भित्तयः (plural vocative)
भित्तिम् (accusative singular)
भित्ती (accusative dual)
भित्तीः (accusative plural)
भित्त्या (instrumental singular)
भित्ती1 (instrumental singular)
भित्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भित्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
भित्तये (dative singular)
भित्त्यै2 (dative singular)
भित्ती1 (dative singular)
भित्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
भित्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
भित्तेः (ablative singular)
भित्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
भित्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
भित्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भित्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
भित्तेः (genitive singular)
भित्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
भित्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
भित्त्योः (dual genitive)
भित्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
भित्तौ (locative singular)
भित्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
भित्ता1 (locative singular)
भित्त्योः (dual locative)
भित्तिषु (locative plural)

Pali: bhitti

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺 (bhitti) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: भित्ति (bhitti) (learned)

From the root भिद् (bhid, “to break; split; divide; cut”) + -ति (-ti).

sa-root

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

चक्षुष्मत्पद्मरागाग्र्यैर्वज्रभित्तिषु निर्मितैः ।
जुष्टं विचित्रवैतानैर्महार्हैर्हेमतोरणैः ॥
cakṣuṣmatpadmarāgāgryairvajrabhittiṣu nirmitaiḥ.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.23.19

With the choicest rubies set in its diamond walls, it appeared as though possessed of eyes. It was furnished with wonderful canopies and greatly valuable gates of gold.

(Classical Sanskrit)
wall; partition; rampart

(Classical Sanskrit)
breaking, splitting; dividing

(Classical Sanskrit)
fragment, bit, portion


𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺

भित्ति भित्ति#Sanskrit


गलगण्ड

galagaṇḍa (romanization)
गलगण्डः (nominative singular)
गलगण्डौ (dual nominative)
गलगण्डाः (nominative plural)
गलगण्ड (singular vocative)
गलगण्डौ (dual vocative)
गलगण्डाः (plural vocative)
गलगण्डम् (accusative singular)
गलगण्डौ (accusative dual)
गलगण्डान् (accusative plural)
गलगण्डेन (instrumental singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गलगण्डैः (instrumental plural)
गलगण्डाय (dative singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गलगण्डेभ्यः (dative plural)
गलगण्डात् (ablative singular)
गलगण्डाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गलगण्डेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गलगण्डस्य (genitive singular)
गलगण्डयोः (dual genitive)
गलगण्डानाम् (genitive plural)
गलगण्डे (locative singular)
गलगण्डयोः (dual locative)
गलगण्डेषु (locative plural)

/ɡɐ.l̪ɐˈɡɐɳ.ɖɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of गल (gala, “throat”) + गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “goitre”).

com

यस्य श्लेष्मा प्रकुपितो गलबाह्येऽवतिष्ठते ।शनैः संजनयेच्छोफं गलगण्डोऽस्य जायते ॥

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 1.18.21

When the provoked phlegm in the body gets localised outside the throat, it produces chronic swelling there and causes goitre.

yasya śleṣmā prakupito galabāhyeʼvatiṣṭhate.śanaiḥ saṃjanayecchophaṃ galagaṇḍoʼsya jāyate.

निबद्धः श्वयथुर्यस्य मुष्कवल्लम्बते गले । महान् वा यदि वा ह्रस्वो गलगण्डं तमादिशेत् ॥

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 2.11.29

A pendant swelling, whether large or small, occurring in the throat region and resembling the scrotum in shape is called goitre.

nibaddhaḥ śvayathuryasya muṣkavallambate gale. mahān vā yadi vā hrasvo galagaṇḍaṃ tamādiśet.


नववर्ष

navavarṣa (romanization)
नववर्षः (nominative singular)
नववर्षौ (dual nominative)
नववर्षाः (nominative plural)
नववर्ष (singular vocative)
नववर्षौ (dual vocative)
नववर्षाः (plural vocative)
नववर्षम् (accusative singular)
नववर्षौ (accusative dual)
नववर्षान् (accusative plural)
नववर्षेण (instrumental singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नववर्षैः (instrumental plural)
नववर्षाय (dative singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नववर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
नववर्षात् (ablative singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नववर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नववर्षस्य (genitive singular)
नववर्षयोः (dual genitive)
नववर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
नववर्षे (locative singular)
नववर्षयोः (dual locative)
नववर्षेषु (locative plural)
नववर्षम् (nominative singular)
नववर्षे (dual nominative)
नववर्षाणि (nominative plural)
नववर्ष (singular vocative)
नववर्षे (dual vocative)
नववर्षाणि (plural vocative)
नववर्षम् (accusative singular)
नववर्षे (accusative dual)
नववर्षाणि (accusative plural)
नववर्षेण (instrumental singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नववर्षैः (instrumental plural)
नववर्षाय (dative singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नववर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
नववर्षात् (ablative singular)
नववर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नववर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नववर्षस्य (genitive singular)
नववर्षयोः (dual genitive)
नववर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
नववर्षे (locative singular)
नववर्षयोः (dual locative)
नववर्षेषु (locative plural)

/n̪ɐ.ʋɐˈʋɐɾ.ʂɐ/

Karmadhāraya compound of नव (nava) + वर्ष (varṣa).

नववर्षस्य अयं प्रथमः दिवसः, इयं प्रथमा रात्रिः […]

1990, Jagannath Vedalankar, Saralasaṃskr̥tasaraṇiḥ, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, →ISBN, page 132:

This is the first day and night of the New Year; this is the first day

navavarṣasya ayaṃ prathamaḥ divasaḥ, iyaṃ prathamā rātriḥ […]

सः पौत्रं वदति—“वत्स! अहं प्रसन्नः अस्मि। सफलः भव। नववर्षः शुभः अस्तु।” “धन्यवादाः पितामह, भवते अपि नववर्षं शुभं भवतु।”

2020, Phoolkanta Chawla, संस्कृत-मञ्जूषा [Sanskrit textbook for class 6 ICSE], New Saraswati House India, →ISBN, page 83:

He says to his grandson—“My dear child! I am happy. May you be successful. May the New Year be auspicious.” “Thank you, grandfather, may the New Year be auspicious for you too.”

saḥ pautraṃ vadati—“vatsa! ahaṃ prasannaḥ asmi. saphalaḥ bhava. navavarṣaḥ śubhaḥ astu.” “dhanyavādāḥ pitāmaha, bhavate api navavarṣaṃ śubhaṃ bhavatu.”


ꦥꦿꦏꦴꦯ

प्रकाश प्रकाश#Sanskrit


चिञ्चा

ciñcā (romanization)
चिञ्चा (nominative singular)
चिञ्चे (dual nominative)
चिञ्चाः (nominative plural)
चिञ्चे (singular vocative)
चिञ्चे (dual vocative)
चिञ्चाः (plural vocative)
चिञ्चाम् (accusative singular)
चिञ्चे (accusative dual)
चिञ्चाः (accusative plural)
चिञ्चया (instrumental singular)
चिञ्चाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चिञ्चाभिः (instrumental plural)
चिञ्चायै (dative singular)
चिञ्चाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चिञ्चाभ्यः (dative plural)
चिञ्चायाः (ablative singular)
चिञ्चाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चिञ्चाभ्यः (ablative plural)
चिञ्चायाः (genitive singular)
चिञ्चयोः (dual genitive)
चिञ्चानाम् (genitive plural)
चिञ्चायाम् (locative singular)
चिञ्चयोः (dual locative)
चिञ्चासु (locative plural)

Pali: ciñcā

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀺𑀁𑀘𑀸 (ciṃcā)
Marathi: चिंच (ciñca)

→ Hindi: चिंचा (ciñcā) (learned)

/ˈt͡ɕiɲ.t͡ɕɑː/

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *cintta. Compare चुञ्चुरी ~ चुञ्चुली (cuñcurī ~ cuñculī, “game played with tamarind seeds”), तिन्तिडी (tintiḍī, “tamarind”).

अश्वत्थचिञ्चात्वक्चूर्णं चतुर्थांशेन निक्षिपेत् ।

c. 1500, Bhāva Miśra, Bhāva Prakāśa 7.3.84.1

Put down the sacred fig, tamarind, cinnamon, pounded sandal by a quarter.

चिञ्चा तु चुक्रिका चुक्रा साम्लिका शाकचुक्रिका ।
ciñcā tu cukrikā cukrā sāmlikā śākacukrikā.
The tamarind is [also known as] cukrikā, cukrā, sāmlikā, śākacukrikā.


एरण्ड

→ Tocharian B: irand

Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis#Translingual


अत्तृ

attṛ́ (romanization)
अत्ता (nominative singular)
अत्तारौ (dual nominative)
अत्तारा1 (dual nominative)
अत्तारः (nominative plural)
अत्तः (singular vocative)
अत्तारौ (dual vocative)
अत्तारा1 (dual vocative)
अत्तारः (plural vocative)
अत्तारम् (accusative singular)
अत्तारौ (accusative dual)
अत्तारा1 (accusative dual)
अत्तॄन् (accusative plural)
अत्त्रा (instrumental singular)
अत्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अत्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
अत्त्रे (dative singular)
अत्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
अत्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
अत्तुः (ablative singular)
अत्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अत्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
अत्तुः (genitive singular)
अत्त्रोः (dual genitive)
अत्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
अत्तरि (locative singular)
अत्त्रोः (dual locative)
अत्तृषु (locative plural)

[ˈɐt̪̚.t̪r̩]

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-tōr (“eater”), from *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate with Latin ēsor (“eater”) and English eater.

पृणन्तो अक्षिताः सन्त्व् अत्तारः सन्त्व् अक्षिताः ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.142.3

Exhaustless be thy givers, and exhaustless those who eat of thee.

pṛṇanto akṣitāḥ santv attāraḥ santv akṣitāḥ.


ईर्यापथ

→ Tocharian B: iryāpath

the particular observances of a religiously-inspired mendicant


भोक्तृ

sa-noun

भोक्तृ • (bhoktṛ) stem, m (feminine भोक्त्री)

bhoktṛ (romanization)
भोक्त्री (feminine)
भोक्ता (nominative singular)
भोक्तारौ (dual nominative)
भोक्तारा1 (dual nominative)
भोक्तारः (nominative plural)
भोक्तः (singular vocative)
भोक्तारौ (dual vocative)
भोक्तारा1 (dual vocative)
भोक्तारः (plural vocative)
भोक्तारम् (accusative singular)
भोक्तारौ (accusative dual)
भोक्तारा1 (accusative dual)
भोक्तॄन् (accusative plural)
भोक्त्रा (instrumental singular)
भोक्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भोक्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
भोक्त्रे (dative singular)
भोक्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
भोक्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
भोक्तुः (ablative singular)
भोक्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भोक्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
भोक्तुः (genitive singular)
भोक्त्रोः (dual genitive)
भोक्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
भोक्तरि (locative singular)
भोक्त्रोः (dual locative)
भोक्तृषु (locative plural)

From the root भुज् (bhuj, “to eat; enjoy, feel”) + -तृ (-tṛ).

sa-root

पिता पुत्रस्य भोक्ता च पितुः पुत्रस्तथैव च ।

A father is the eater of his son, and similarly the son is the food.

pitā putrasya bhoktā ca pituḥ putrastathaiva ca.

अहमन्नं भवान् भोक्ता दुर्बलोऽहं भवान् बली ।

I am your prey and you are the eater; I am weak, you are mighty.

ahamannaṃ bhavān bhoktā durbaloʼhaṃ bhavān balī.

अहमन्नं भवान् भोक्ता कथं प्रीतिर्भविष्यति ॥

c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 1.54.5

I am your prey and you are the eater; how will there be amity?

ahamannaṃ bhavān bhoktā kathaṃ prītirbhaviṣyati.

(also figuratively) eater (one who eats)

कर्ता भोक्ता न स पुमानिति केचिद्व्यवस्थिताः ॥

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 4.1.47.2

They do not believe in a Self who is the doer and the enjoyer.

kartā bhoktā na sa pumāniti kecidvyavasthitāḥ.

भोक्तुर्विद्याधरत्वस्य कारणं गृह्यतामयम् ॥
bhokturvidyādharatvasya kāraṇaṃ gṛhyatāmayam.

c. 1000, Somadeva, Kathāsaritsāgara 5.3.226.2

Take this, which would enable the consumer to obtain the rank of a Vidyādhara.

Inscriptions


भोक्तुः

भोक्तुस् भोक्तुस्#Sanskrit

भोक्तृ भोक्तृ#Sanskrit

Combining form of भोक्तुस् (bhoktus, ablative/genitive singular of भोक्तृ (bhoktṛ))


उत्तरासङ्ग

→ Tocharian B: uttarāsāṅkä


नेक्षण

nékṣaṇa (romanization)
नेक्षणम् (nominative singular)
नेक्षणे (dual nominative)
नेक्षणानि (nominative plural)
नेक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
नेक्षण (singular vocative)
नेक्षणे (dual vocative)
नेक्षणानि (plural vocative)
नेक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
नेक्षणम् (accusative singular)
नेक्षणे (accusative dual)
नेक्षणानि (accusative plural)
नेक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
नेक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
नेक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नेक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
नेक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नेक्षणाय (dative singular)
नेक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नेक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
नेक्षणात् (ablative singular)
नेक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नेक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नेक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
नेक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
नेक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
नेक्षणे (locative singular)
नेक्षणयोः (dual locative)
नेक्षणेषु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪eːk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

From the root निक्ष् (nikṣ, “to pierce”) + -अन (-ana) (with guṇation), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nayȷ́žʰ- (“to pierce”). Related to Rigvedic नीक्षण (nīkṣaṇa) and cognate to Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza, “tip of a needle”). Also compare Persian نیش (niš, “lance”), نیزه (“spear”).

cog

स्रुग्दर्विर्नेक्षणम्आयवनं द्रोणकलशाः कुम्भ्यो वायव्यानि
पात्राणीयमेव कृष्णाजिनम् ॥
srugdarvirnekṣaṇamāyavanaṃ droṇakalaśāḥ kumbhyo vāyavyāni

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 9.6.17

The spoon, ladle, fork, stirring-prong are [equivalent to] the wooden Soma tubs; the earthen cooking-pots are [equivalent to] the mortar-shaped Soma vessels;
this earth is just [equivalent to] the black-antelope's skin.

a sharp stick or a fork used for cooking


निषत्ति

níṣatti (romanization)
निषत्तिः (nominative singular)
निषत्ती (dual nominative)
निषत्तयः (nominative plural)
निषत्ते (singular vocative)
निषत्ती (dual vocative)
निषत्तयः (plural vocative)
निषत्तिम् (accusative singular)
निषत्ती (accusative dual)
निषत्तीः (accusative plural)
निषत्त्या (instrumental singular)
निषत्ती1 (instrumental singular)
निषत्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निषत्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
निषत्तये (dative singular)
निषत्त्यै2 (dative singular)
निषत्ती1 (dative singular)
निषत्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
निषत्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
निषत्तेः (ablative singular)
निषत्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
निषत्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
निषत्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निषत्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
निषत्तेः (genitive singular)
निषत्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
निषत्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
निषत्त्योः (dual genitive)
निषत्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
निषत्तौ (locative singular)
निषत्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
निषत्ता1 (locative singular)
निषत्त्योः (dual locative)
निषत्तिषु (locative plural)

From नि- (ni-, “down”) + सद् (sad, “to sit”) + -ति (-ti).

con

भ॒द्रा ते॒ हस्ता॒ सुकृ॑तो॒त पा॒णी प्र॑य॒न्तारा॑ स्तुव॒ते राध॑ इन्द्र ।
का ते॒ निष॑त्तिः॒ किमु॒ नो म॑मत्सि॒ किं नोदु॑दु हर्षसे॒ दात॒वा उ॑ ॥
bhadrā́ te hástā súkṛtotá pāṇī́ prayantā́rā stuvaté rā́dha indra .
kā́ te níṣattiḥ kímu nó mamatsi kíṁ nódudu harṣase dā́tavā́ u .

What sloth is this? Why did you not rejoice? Why did you not delight yourself with giving?

Auspicious are your hands, your arms wellfashioned which proffer bounty, O Indra, to your praiser.

sitting down or resting idly; idleness, laziness, sloth


निषत्तिः

निषत्तिस् निषत्तिस्#Sanskrit

निषत्ति निषत्ति#Sanskrit

Combining form of निषत्तिस् (niṣattis, nominative singular of निषत्ति (níṣatti))


पृत्

pṛt (romanization)
पृत् (nominative singular)
पृतौ (dual nominative)
पृता1 (dual nominative)
पृतः (nominative plural)
पृत् (singular vocative)
पृतौ (dual vocative)
पृता1 (dual vocative)
पृतः (plural vocative)
पृतम् (accusative singular)
पृतौ (accusative dual)
पृता1 (accusative dual)
पृतः (accusative plural)
पृता (instrumental singular)
पृद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृद्भिः (instrumental plural)
पृते (dative singular)
पृद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पृद्भ्यः (dative plural)
पृतः (ablative singular)
पृद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पृतः (genitive singular)
पृतोः (dual genitive)
पृताम् (genitive plural)
पृति (locative singular)
पृतोः (dual locative)
पृत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *part- (“fight”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *per-t, from *per- (“to beat, hit”). Cognate with Lithuanian per̃ti (“to thrash”) and Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat, strike”).

cog

त्वं ताँ इन्द्रोभयाँ अमित्रान्दासा वृत्राण्यार्या च शूर ।
वधीर्वनेव सुधितेभिरत्कैरा पृत्सु दर्षि नृणां नृतम ॥
tvaṃ tām̐ indrobhayām̐ amitrāndāsā vṛtrāṇyāryā ca śūra.
vadhīrvaneva sudhitebhiratkairā pṛtsu darṣi nṛṇāṃ nṛtama.

You, hero, Indra, destroyed both classes of enemies, both Dāsas and Āryas, adversaries; chief leader of leaders, you cut your foes in pieces in battles with weapons, as wood-cutters, the forests.


पृतन्या

pṛtanyā (romanization)
पृतन्या (nominative singular)
पृतन्ये (dual nominative)
पृतन्याः (nominative plural)
पृतन्ये (singular vocative)
पृतन्ये (dual vocative)
पृतन्याः (plural vocative)
पृतन्याम् (accusative singular)
पृतन्ये (accusative dual)
पृतन्याः (accusative plural)
पृतन्यया (instrumental singular)
पृतन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृतन्याभिः (instrumental plural)
पृतन्यायै (dative singular)
पृतन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पृतन्याभ्यः (dative plural)
पृतन्यायाः (ablative singular)
पृतन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृतन्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
पृतन्यायाः (genitive singular)
पृतन्ययोः (dual genitive)
पृतन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पृतन्यायाम् (locative singular)
पृतन्ययोः (dual locative)
पृतन्यासु (locative plural)

Related to पृत् (pṛt, “battle”), पृतन्यु (pṛtanyú, “enemy”), पृतना (pṛ́tanā).

तां देवधानीं स वरूथिनीपतिर्बहिः समन्ताद्रुरुधे पृतन्यया ।

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 8.15.23.1

He, the commander, by the army, attacked the abode of the Devas from outside in all directions.

tāṃ devadhānīṃ sa varūthinīpatirbahiḥ samantādrurudhe pṛtanyayā.


ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ

समुद्र समुद्र#Sanskrit


कच्छेष्ट

kaccheṣṭa (romanization)
कच्छेष्टः (nominative singular)
कच्छेष्टौ (dual nominative)
कच्छेष्टाः (nominative plural)
कच्छेष्ट (singular vocative)
कच्छेष्टौ (dual vocative)
कच्छेष्टाः (plural vocative)
कच्छेष्टम् (accusative singular)
कच्छेष्टौ (accusative dual)
कच्छेष्टान् (accusative plural)
कच्छेष्टेन (instrumental singular)
कच्छेष्टाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कच्छेष्टैः (instrumental plural)
कच्छेष्टाय (dative singular)
कच्छेष्टाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कच्छेष्टेभ्यः (dative plural)
कच्छेष्टात् (ablative singular)
कच्छेष्टाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कच्छेष्टेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कच्छेष्टस्य (genitive singular)
कच्छेष्टयोः (dual genitive)
कच्छेष्टानाम् (genitive plural)
कच्छेष्टे (locative singular)
कच्छेष्टयोः (dual locative)
कच्छेष्टेषु (locative plural)

/kɐt̪ˈt͡ɕʰeːʂ.ʈɐ/

[kɐt̪̚ˈt͡ɕʰeːʂ.ʈɐ]

Tatpuruṣa compound of कच्छ (kaccha, “bank; shore”) + इष्ट (iṣṭa, “dear”), literally “dear to the shore”.

com

कच्छेष्टः पल्वलावासो वृत्तः कठिनपृष्ठकः ॥
kaccheṣṭaḥ palvalāvāso vṛttaḥ kaṭhinapṛṣṭhakaḥ.
The tortoise, the palvalāvāsa [pond-dweller], the vṛtta [round], the kaṭhinapṛṣṭhaka [hard-backed] […]


कच्छेष्टः

/kɐt̪ˈt͡ɕʰeːʂ.ʈɐh/

[kɐt̪̚ˈt͡ɕʰeːʂ.ʈɐhɐ̆]

कच्छेष्टस् कच्छेष्टस्#Sanskrit

कच्छेष्ट कच्छेष्ट#Sanskrit

Combining form of कच्छेष्टस् (kaccheṣṭas, nominative singular of कच्छेष्ट (kaccheṣṭa))


अतिथिपतिस्

अतिथिपति अतिथिपति#Sanskrit

nominative singular of अतिथिपति (átithipati)


चित्ति

cítti (romanization)
चित्तिः (nominative singular)
चित्ती (dual nominative)
चित्तयः (nominative plural)
चित्ते (singular vocative)
चित्ती (dual vocative)
चित्तयः (plural vocative)
चित्तिम् (accusative singular)
चित्ती (accusative dual)
चित्तीः (accusative plural)
चित्त्या (instrumental singular)
चित्ती1 (instrumental singular)
चित्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चित्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
चित्तये (dative singular)
चित्त्यै2 (dative singular)
चित्ती1 (dative singular)
चित्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
चित्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
चित्तेः (ablative singular)
चित्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
चित्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
चित्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चित्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
चित्तेः (genitive singular)
चित्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
चित्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
चित्त्योः (dual genitive)
चित्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
चित्तौ (locative singular)
चित्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
चित्ता1 (locative singular)
चित्त्योः (dual locative)
चित्तिषु (locative plural)

⇒ Gujarati: વાત-ચીત (vāt-cīt)

desc

⇒ Hindi: बात-चीत (bāt-cīt, “conversation”)

Bengali: চিত্ত (citto)

Pali: citti

Shina: چےت

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kʷeyt-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-Iranian *čítˢtiš
Sanskrit चित्ति (citti)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čítˢtiš (“thought”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéyt-ti-s ~ *kʷit-téy-s (“thought”), from *kʷeyt- (“to notice”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬯𐬙𐬌 (cisti, “consciousness”) and Proto-Slavic *čь̏stь (“honour, respect”).

cog

के॒तुं य॒ज्ञानां॑ वि॒दथ॑स्य॒ साध॑नं॒ विप्रा॑सो अ॒ग्निं म॑हयन्त॒ चित्ति॑भिः ।
अपां॑सि॒ यस्मि॒न्नधि॑ संद॒धुर्गिर॒स्तस्मि॑न्त्सु॒म्नानि॒ यज॑मान॒ आ च॑के ॥
ketúṃ yajñā́nāṃ vidáthasya sā́dhanaṃ víprāso agníṃ mahayanta cíttibhiḥ

Sages shall glorify Agni with earnest thoughts, ensign of sacrifice, who fills the synod full:
In whom the poets have stored up their holy acts to him the worshipper looks for joy and happiness.

ápāṃsi yásminnádhi saṃdadhúrgírastásmintsumnā́ni yájamāna ā́ cake.


पल्ली

Konkani: पाल (pāl)

Marathi: पाल (pāl)

Borrowed from South Dravidian, ultimately Proto-South Dravidian *palli. Compare Tamil பல்லி (palli).


पल्ली

pallī (romanization)
पल्ली (nominative singular)
पल्ल्यौ (dual nominative)
पल्ली1 (dual nominative)
पल्ल्यः (nominative plural)
पल्लीः1 (nominative plural)
पल्लि (singular vocative)
पल्ल्यौ (dual vocative)
पल्ली1 (dual vocative)
पल्ल्यः (plural vocative)
पल्लीः1 (plural vocative)
पल्लीम् (accusative singular)
पल्ल्यौ (accusative dual)
पल्ली1 (accusative dual)
पल्लीः (accusative plural)
पल्ल्या (instrumental singular)
पल्लीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पल्लीभिः (instrumental plural)
पल्ल्यै (dative singular)
पल्लीभ्याम् (dative dual)
पल्लीभ्यः (dative plural)
पल्ल्याः (ablative singular)
पल्ल्यै2 (ablative singular)
पल्लीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पल्लीभ्यः (ablative plural)
पल्ल्याः (genitive singular)
पल्ल्यै2 (genitive singular)
पल्ल्योः (dual genitive)
पल्लीनाम् (genitive plural)
पल्ल्याम् (locative singular)
पल्ल्योः (dual locative)
पल्लीषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: পল্লি (polli), পল্লী (polli)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately Proto-Dravidian *paḷḷi. Compare Tamil பள்ளி (paḷḷi).

small village, esp. settlement of wild tribes


उदावर्त

→ Tocharian B: udāvart

Related to Sanskrit उदावर्ता (udāvartā). .


उदावर्ता

udāvartā (romanization)
उदावर्ता (nominative singular)
उदावर्ते (dual nominative)
उदावर्ताः (nominative plural)
उदावर्ते (singular vocative)
उदावर्ते (dual vocative)
उदावर्ताः (plural vocative)
उदावर्ताम् (accusative singular)
उदावर्ते (accusative dual)
उदावर्ताः (accusative plural)
उदावर्तया (instrumental singular)
उदावर्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उदावर्ताभिः (instrumental plural)
उदावर्तायै (dative singular)
उदावर्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
उदावर्ताभ्यः (dative plural)
उदावर्तायाः (ablative singular)
उदावर्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उदावर्ताभ्यः (ablative plural)
उदावर्तायाः (genitive singular)
उदावर्तयोः (dual genitive)
उदावर्तानाम् (genitive plural)
उदावर्तायाम् (locative singular)
उदावर्तयोः (dual locative)
उदावर्तासु (locative plural)

/u.d̪ɑːˈʋɐɾ.t̪ɑː/

From the root उदावृत् (udāvṛt, “to excrete, discharge”), from उद्- (ud-) + आ- (ā-) + वृत् (vṛt). Compare उदावर्त (udāvarta).

sa-root

सफेनिलम्उदावर्ता रजः कृच्छ्रेण मुञ्चति ॥
saphenilamudāvartā rajaḥ kṛcchreṇa muñcati.

c. 600 BCE – 600 CE, Suśruta, Suśruta Saṃhitā 6.38.9.2

Udāvartā is the foamy menstrual discharge that comes out painfully.

painful menstrual discharge (with foamy blood)


कंस

kaṃsá (romanization)
कंसः (nominative singular)
कंसौ (dual nominative)
कंसा1 (dual nominative)
कंसाः (nominative plural)
कंसासः1 (nominative plural)
कंस (singular vocative)
कंसौ (dual vocative)
कंसा1 (dual vocative)
कंसाः (plural vocative)
कंसासः1 (plural vocative)
कंसम् (accusative singular)
कंसौ (accusative dual)
कंसा1 (accusative dual)
कंसान् (accusative plural)
कंसेन (instrumental singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कंसैः (instrumental plural)
कंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कंसाय (dative singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
कंसात् (ablative singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कंसस्य (genitive singular)
कंसयोः (dual genitive)
कंसानाम् (genitive plural)
कंसे (locative singular)
कंसयोः (dual locative)
कंसेषु (locative plural)
कंसम् (nominative singular)
कंसे (dual nominative)
कंसानि (nominative plural)
कंसा1 (nominative plural)
कंस (singular vocative)
कंसे (dual vocative)
कंसानि (plural vocative)
कंसा1 (plural vocative)
कंसम् (accusative singular)
कंसे (accusative dual)
कंसानि (accusative plural)
कंसा1 (accusative plural)
कंसेन (instrumental singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कंसैः (instrumental plural)
कंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कंसाय (dative singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
कंसात् (ablative singular)
कंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कंसस्य (genitive singular)
कंसयोः (dual genitive)
कंसानाम् (genitive plural)
कंसे (locative singular)
कंसयोः (dual locative)
कंसेषु (locative plural)

Assamese: কাঁহ (kãh)

desctree

Old Javanese: gaṅsa
Javanese: ꦒꦁꦱ (gangsa), ꦒꦺꦴꦁꦱ (gongsa)
→ Balinese: ᬕᬗ᭄ᬲ (gangsa)

Pali: kaṃsa

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kansás (“metal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬈.𐬐𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (antare.kaŋha, “*with metal inside”, name of a mountain), 𐬐𐬄𐬵- (kąh-, “to sound”).

cog

𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬈.𐬐𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀

शतं कंसाः शतं दोग्धारः शतं गोप्तारो अधि पृष्ठे अस्याः ।

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 10.10.5

Upon her back there are a hundred protectors, a hundred metal bowls, a hundred milkers.

śataṃ kaṃsāḥ śataṃ dogdhāraḥ śataṃ goptāro adhi pṛṣṭhe asyāḥ.


लोप्त्र

loptra (romanization)
लोप्त्रम् (nominative singular)
लोप्त्रे (dual nominative)
लोप्त्राणि (nominative plural)
लोप्त्रा1 (nominative plural)
लोप्त्र (singular vocative)
लोप्त्रे (dual vocative)
लोप्त्राणि (plural vocative)
लोप्त्रा1 (plural vocative)
लोप्त्रम् (accusative singular)
लोप्त्रे (accusative dual)
लोप्त्राणि (accusative plural)
लोप्त्रा1 (accusative plural)
लोप्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
लोप्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लोप्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
लोप्त्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
लोप्त्राय (dative singular)
लोप्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
लोप्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
लोप्त्रात् (ablative singular)
लोप्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लोप्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
लोप्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
लोप्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
लोप्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
लोप्त्रे (locative singular)
लोप्त्रयोः (dual locative)
लोप्त्रेषु (locative plural)

[ˈl̪oːp̚.t̪ɾɐ]

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hláwptram, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrówptrom.


स्थिरा

sthirā (romanization)
स्थिरा (nominative singular)
स्थिरे (dual nominative)
स्थिराः (nominative plural)
स्थिरे (singular vocative)
स्थिरे (dual vocative)
स्थिराः (plural vocative)
स्थिराम् (accusative singular)
स्थिरे (accusative dual)
स्थिराः (accusative plural)
स्थिरया (instrumental singular)
स्थिरा1 (instrumental singular)
स्थिराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थिराभिः (instrumental plural)
स्थिरायै (dative singular)
स्थिराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थिराभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थिरायाः (ablative singular)
स्थिरायै2 (ablative singular)
स्थिराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थिराभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थिरायाः (genitive singular)
स्थिरायै2 (genitive singular)
स्थिरयोः (dual genitive)
स्थिराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्थिरायाम् (locative singular)
स्थिरयोः (dual locative)
स्थिरासु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰi.ɾɑː/


अधि

adhi (romanization)
अधिः (nominative singular)
अधी (dual nominative)
अधयः (nominative plural)
अधे (singular vocative)
अधी (dual vocative)
अधयः (plural vocative)
अधिम् (accusative singular)
अधी (accusative dual)
अधीन् (accusative plural)
अधिना (instrumental singular)
अध्या1 (instrumental singular)
अधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिभिः (instrumental plural)
अधये (dative singular)
अधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिभ्यः (dative plural)
अधेः (ablative singular)
अध्यः1 (ablative singular)
अधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधेः (genitive singular)
अध्यः1 (genitive singular)
अध्योः (dual genitive)
अधीनाम् (genitive plural)
अधौ (locative singular)
अधा1 (locative singular)
अध्योः (dual locative)
अधिषु (locative plural)


अधि

adhi (romanization)
अधिः (nominative singular)
अधी (dual nominative)
अधयः (nominative plural)
अधे (singular vocative)
अधी (dual vocative)
अधयः (plural vocative)
अधिम् (accusative singular)
अधी (accusative dual)
अधीः (accusative plural)
अध्या (instrumental singular)
अधी1 (instrumental singular)
अधिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिभिः (instrumental plural)
अधये (dative singular)
अध्यै2 (dative singular)
अधी1 (dative singular)
अधिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिभ्यः (dative plural)
अधेः (ablative singular)
अध्याः2 (ablative singular)
अध्यै3 (ablative singular)
अधिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधेः (genitive singular)
अध्याः2 (genitive singular)
अध्यै3 (genitive singular)
अध्योः (dual genitive)
अधीनाम् (genitive plural)
अधौ (locative singular)
अध्याम्2 (locative singular)
अधा1 (locative singular)
अध्योः (dual locative)
अधिषु (locative plural)


क्रोष्टृ

sa-noun

क्रोष्टृ • (kroṣṭṛ́) stem, m (feminine क्रोष्ट्री)

kroṣṭṛ́ (romanization)
क्रोष्ट्री (feminine)
क्रोष्टा (nominative singular)
क्रोष्टारौ (dual nominative)
क्रोष्टारा1 (dual nominative)
क्रोष्टारः (nominative plural)
क्रोष्टः (singular vocative)
क्रोष्टारौ (dual vocative)
क्रोष्टारा1 (dual vocative)
क्रोष्टारः (plural vocative)
क्रोष्टारम् (accusative singular)
क्रोष्टारौ (accusative dual)
क्रोष्टारा1 (accusative dual)
क्रोष्टॄन् (accusative plural)
क्रोष्ट्रा (instrumental singular)
क्रोष्टृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रोष्टृभिः (instrumental plural)
क्रोष्ट्रे (dative singular)
क्रोष्टृभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रोष्टृभ्यः (dative plural)
क्रोष्टुः (ablative singular)
क्रोष्टृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रोष्टृभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रोष्टुः (genitive singular)
क्रोष्ट्रोः (dual genitive)
क्रोष्टॄणाम् (genitive plural)
क्रोष्टरि (locative singular)
क्रोष्ट्रोः (dual locative)
क्रोष्टृषु (locative plural)

/ˈkɾoːʂ.ʈr̩/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć-
Sanskrit क्रुश् (kruś)
Sanskrit -तृ (-tṛ)
Sanskrit क्रोष्टृ (kroṣṭṛ)
From the root क्रुश् (kruś, “to cry out, shriek, call out”) + -तृ (-tṛ).

sa-root

न हि शुश्रुम संमर्दे क्रोष्ट्रा सिंहौ निपातितौ

Mahābhārata, BORI Critical Edition, Karṇaparvan 27.22b

Never have I heard of a pair of lions being slain in combat by a jackal!

na hi śuśruma saṃmarde kroṣṭrā siṃhau nipātitau

koṭṭhu

क्रोष्टु (kroṣṭu)

kotthu

क्रोष्टु (kroṣṭu)

කොටියා

क्रोष्टु (kroṣṭu)

कोला

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀼𑀓 (kolhuka)/𑀓𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀼𑀕 (kolhuga)

कोल्हा

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀼𑀅 (kolhua)/𑀓𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀼𑀬 (kolhuya)


उपाध्याया

upādhyāyā (romanization)
उपाध्याया (nominative singular)
उपाध्याये (dual nominative)
उपाध्यायाः (nominative plural)
उपाध्याये (singular vocative)
उपाध्याये (dual vocative)
उपाध्यायाः (plural vocative)
उपाध्यायाम् (accusative singular)
उपाध्याये (accusative dual)
उपाध्यायाः (accusative plural)
उपाध्यायया (instrumental singular)
उपाध्याया1 (instrumental singular)
उपाध्यायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपाध्यायाभिः (instrumental plural)
उपाध्यायायै (dative singular)
उपाध्यायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपाध्यायाभ्यः (dative plural)
उपाध्यायायाः (ablative singular)
उपाध्यायायै2 (ablative singular)
उपाध्यायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपाध्यायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपाध्यायायाः (genitive singular)
उपाध्यायायै2 (genitive singular)
उपाध्याययोः (dual genitive)
उपाध्यायानाम् (genitive plural)
उपाध्यायायाम् (locative singular)
उपाध्याययोः (dual locative)
उपाध्यायासु (locative plural)

→ Tocharian B: upādhyāye


उपेक्षिन्द्रिय

→ Tocharian B: upekṣindri

From उपेक्षा (upekṣā) + इन्द्रिय (indriya).

compound

उपेक्षा (upekṣā) + इन्द्रिय (indriya)


ज्ञातयः

sa-noun form

ज्ञातयः • (jñātáyaḥ) m

/d͡ʑɲɑː.tɐ́.jɐh/

/ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.t̪ɐ.jɐh/

[ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.t̪ɐ.jɐhɐ̆]

ज्ञातयस् ज्ञातयस्#Sanskrit

ज्ञाति ज्ञाति#Sanskrit

Combining form of ज्ञातयस् (jñātayas, nominative/vocative plural of ज्ञाति (jñātí))


असौ

locative singular of असु (ásu, “breath”)


नग्नहु

nagnáhu (romanization)
नग्नहुः (nominative singular)
नग्नहू (dual nominative)
नग्नहवः (nominative plural)
नग्नहो (singular vocative)
नग्नहू (dual vocative)
नग्नहवः (plural vocative)
नग्नहुम् (accusative singular)
नग्नहू (accusative dual)
नग्नहून् (accusative plural)
नग्नहुना (instrumental singular)
नग्नह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
नग्नहुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नग्नहुभिः (instrumental plural)
नग्नहवे (dative singular)
नग्नह्वे1 (dative singular)
नग्नहुभ्याम् (dative dual)
नग्नहुभ्यः (dative plural)
नग्नहोः (ablative singular)
नग्नह्वः1 (ablative singular)
नग्नहुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नग्नहुभ्यः (ablative plural)
नग्नहोः (genitive singular)
नग्नह्वः1 (genitive singular)
नग्नह्वोः (dual genitive)
नग्नहूनाम् (genitive plural)
नग्नहौ (locative singular)
नग्नह्वोः (dual locative)
नग्नहुषु (locative plural)

/ˈn̪ɐɡ.n̪ɐ.ɦu/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nagná- (“fermented product”). Cognate with Baluchi نگن (nagan, “bread”), Middle Persian LHMA (nān, “bread”) (whence Persian نان (nân, “bread”)), Sogdian [script needed] (nγn- /naγn/, “bread”), Parthian ngn (naγn).

cog

रसं॑ परि॒स्रुता॒ न रोहि॑तं न॒ग्नहु॒र् धीर॒स् तस॑रं॒ न वेम॑॥

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 19.83

Like the shuttle through the loom, the steady ferment mixes the red juice with the foaming spirit.

rásaṃ parisrútā ná róhitaṃ nagnáhur dhī́ras tásaraṃ ná véma.

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

ferment; a drug used for fermenting liquor


दिधक्षा

didhakṣā (romanization)
दिधक्षा (nominative singular)
दिधक्षे (dual nominative)
दिधक्षाः (nominative plural)
दिधक्षे (singular vocative)
दिधक्षे (dual vocative)
दिधक्षाः (plural vocative)
दिधक्षाम् (accusative singular)
दिधक्षे (accusative dual)
दिधक्षाः (accusative plural)
दिधक्षया (instrumental singular)
दिधक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिधक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
दिधक्षायै (dative singular)
दिधक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दिधक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
दिधक्षायाः (ablative singular)
दिधक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिधक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दिधक्षायाः (genitive singular)
दिधक्षयोः (dual genitive)
दिधक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
दिधक्षायाम् (locative singular)
दिधक्षयोः (dual locative)
दिधक्षासु (locative plural)

/d̪iˈd̪ʱɐk.ʂɑː/

Back-formation from दिधक्षति (didhakṣati, “to want to burn”, desiderative) + -आ (-ā).

bf

जज्वाल तस्य बाणैस्तु चित्रभानुर्दिधक्षया ॥

By his arrows, the fire lit up, with the desire to burn.

jajvāla tasya bāṇaistu citrabhānurdidhakṣayā.

द्रुमेभ्यः क्रुध्यमानास्ते तपोदीपितमन्यवः ।
मुखतो वायुमग्निं च ससृजुस्तद्दिधक्षया ॥
drumebhyaḥ krudhyamānāste tapodīpitamanyavaḥ.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 6.4.5

Having undergone long austerities, they were very angry at the trees.
With the desire to burn them to ashes, they generated wind and fire from their mouths.

mukhato vāyumagniṃ ca sasṛjustaddidhakṣayā.


दिधक्षया

/d̪iˈd̪ʱɐk.ʂɐ.jɑː/

दिधक्षा दिधक्षा#Sanskrit

instrumental singular of दिधक्षा (didhakṣā)


निमिष

nimiṣa (romanization)
निमिषः (nominative singular)
निमिषौ (dual nominative)
निमिषा1 (dual nominative)
निमिषाः (nominative plural)
निमिषासः1 (nominative plural)
निमिष (singular vocative)
निमिषौ (dual vocative)
निमिषा1 (dual vocative)
निमिषाः (plural vocative)
निमिषासः1 (plural vocative)
निमिषम् (accusative singular)
निमिषौ (accusative dual)
निमिषा1 (accusative dual)
निमिषान् (accusative plural)
निमिषेण (instrumental singular)
निमिषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निमिषैः (instrumental plural)
निमिषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
निमिषाय (dative singular)
निमिषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निमिषेभ्यः (dative plural)
निमिषात् (ablative singular)
निमिषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निमिषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
निमिषस्य (genitive singular)
निमिषयोः (dual genitive)
निमिषाणाम् (genitive plural)
निमिषे (locative singular)
निमिषयोः (dual locative)
निमिषेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: নিমিষ (nimiś) (learned)

→ Gujarati: નિમિષ (nimiṣ) (learned)

→ Hindi: निमिष (nimiṣ) (learned)

→ Kannada: ನಿಮಿಷ (nimiṣa) (learned)

→ Malayalam: നിമിഷം (nimiṣaṁ) (learned)

→ Tamil: நிமிஷம் (nimiṣam) (learned)

→ Telugu: నిమిషము (nimiṣamu) (learned)

From निमिषति (nimiṣati, “to shut the eyelids, wink, fall asleep”), from नि- (ni-) + मिषति (miṣati), the latter from the root मिष् (miṣ, “to open the eyes, wink, bink”).


ह्वार्य

hvāryá (romanization)
ह्वार्यः (nominative singular)
ह्वार्यौ (dual nominative)
ह्वार्या1 (dual nominative)
ह्वार्याः (nominative plural)
ह्वार्यासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्वार्य (singular vocative)
ह्वार्यौ (dual vocative)
ह्वार्या1 (dual vocative)
ह्वार्याः (plural vocative)
ह्वार्यासः1 (plural vocative)
ह्वार्यम् (accusative singular)
ह्वार्यौ (accusative dual)
ह्वार्या1 (accusative dual)
ह्वार्यान् (accusative plural)
ह्वार्येण (instrumental singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्वार्यैः (instrumental plural)
ह्वार्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्वार्याय (dative singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्वार्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्वार्यात् (ablative singular)
ह्वार्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्वार्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्वार्यस्य (genitive singular)
ह्वार्ययोः (dual genitive)
ह्वार्याणाम् (genitive plural)
ह्वार्ये (locative singular)
ह्वार्ययोः (dual locative)
ह्वार्येषु (locative plural)

Vrddhi derivative of ह्वृ (hvṛ, “to deviate; be crooked or curved”) with a -य (-ya) extension; compare ह्वार (hvārá).

vrd-ya

उ॒त स्म॑ दुर्गृभीयसे पु॒त्रो न ह्वा॒र्याणा॑म् ।
पु॒रू यो दग्धासि॒ वनाग्ने॑ प॒शुर्न यव॑से ॥
utá sma durgṛbhīyase putró ná hvāryā́ṇām .

You are very difficulty to grasp, like the young of snakes; you who are the consumer of many forests, as an animal is of fodder.

purū́ yó dágdhā́si vánāgne paśúrná yávase .

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Yāska, Naighaṇṭuka 1.14


ह्वार

hvārá (romanization)
ह्वारः (nominative singular)
ह्वारौ (dual nominative)
ह्वारा1 (dual nominative)
ह्वाराः (nominative plural)
ह्वारासः1 (nominative plural)
ह्वार (singular vocative)
ह्वारौ (dual vocative)
ह्वारा1 (dual vocative)
ह्वाराः (plural vocative)
ह्वारासः1 (plural vocative)
ह्वारम् (accusative singular)
ह्वारौ (accusative dual)
ह्वारा1 (accusative dual)
ह्वारान् (accusative plural)
ह्वारेण (instrumental singular)
ह्वाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्वारैः (instrumental plural)
ह्वारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ह्वाराय (dative singular)
ह्वाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्वारेभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्वारात् (ablative singular)
ह्वाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्वारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्वारस्य (genitive singular)
ह्वारयोः (dual genitive)
ह्वाराणाम् (genitive plural)
ह्वारे (locative singular)
ह्वारयोः (dual locative)
ह्वारेषु (locative plural)

From the root ह्वृ (hvṛ, “to deviate; be crooked or curved”); compare ह्वार्य (hvāryá).

sa-root

यु॒वं पय॑ उ॒स्रिया॑यामधत्तं प॒क्वमा॒माया॒मव॒ पूर्व्यं॒ गोः ।
अ॒न्तर्यद्व॒निनो॑ वामृतप्सू ह्वा॒रो न शुचि॒र्यज॑ते ह॒विष्मा॑न् ॥
yuvám páya usríyāyāmadhattaṃ pakvámāmā́yāmáva pū́rvyaṃ góḥ .

You have deposited, matured within her, in the raw cow the first milk of the milch-cow,
Which the bright offerer, shining like a serpent mid trees, presents to you whose form is perfect.

antáryádvaníno vāmṛtapsū hvāró ná śúciryájate havíṣmān .


ह्वार्याणाम्

/ɦʋɑːɾ.jɑ́ː.ɳɑːm/

/ɦʋɑːɾˈjɑː.ɳɑːm/

ह्वार्य ह्वार्य#Sanskrit


तमिस्रा

támisrā (romanization)
तमिस्रा (nominative singular)
तमिस्रे (dual nominative)
तमिस्राः (nominative plural)
तमिस्रे (singular vocative)
तमिस्रे (dual vocative)
तमिस्राः (plural vocative)
तमिस्राम् (accusative singular)
तमिस्रे (accusative dual)
तमिस्राः (accusative plural)
तमिस्रया (instrumental singular)
तमिस्रा1 (instrumental singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तमिस्राभिः (instrumental plural)
तमिस्रायै (dative singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
तमिस्राभ्यः (dative plural)
तमिस्रायाः (ablative singular)
तमिस्रायै2 (ablative singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तमिस्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
तमिस्रायाः (genitive singular)
तमिस्रायै2 (genitive singular)
तमिस्रयोः (dual genitive)
तमिस्राणाम् (genitive plural)
तमिस्रायाम् (locative singular)
तमिस्रयोः (dual locative)
तमिस्रासु (locative plural)

/t̪ɐˈmis̪.ɾɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHsraH (“darkness; dark night”), from Proto-Indo-European *témH-(e)s-ros (“darkness”), from *temH- (“to be dark”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra, “darkness”), Latin tenebrae, German finster (“dark, gloomy”). See also तमिस्र (támisra).

inh

अदिते मित्र वरुणोत मृळ यद् वो वयं चकृमा कच् चिद् आगः ।
उर्व् अश्याम् अभयं ज्योतिर् इन्द्र मा नो दीर्घा अभि नशन् तमिस्राः ॥
adite mitra varuṇota mṛḷa yad vo vayaṃ cakṛmā kac cid āgaḥ.
urv aśyām abhayaṃ jyotir indra mā no dīrghā abhi naśan tamisrāḥ.

May I obtain the broad light free from peril: O Indra, let not the long, dark nights harm us.

Aditi, Mitra, Varuṇa, forgive us however we have erred and sinned against you.


तमिस्र

támisra (romanization)
तमिस्रम् (nominative singular)
तमिस्रे (dual nominative)
तमिस्राणि (nominative plural)
तमिस्रा1 (nominative plural)
तमिस्र (singular vocative)
तमिस्रे (dual vocative)
तमिस्राणि (plural vocative)
तमिस्रा1 (plural vocative)
तमिस्रम् (accusative singular)
तमिस्रे (accusative dual)
तमिस्राणि (accusative plural)
तमिस्रा1 (accusative plural)
तमिस्रेण (instrumental singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तमिस्रैः (instrumental plural)
तमिस्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तमिस्राय (dative singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
तमिस्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
तमिस्रात् (ablative singular)
तमिस्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तमिस्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तमिस्रस्य (genitive singular)
तमिस्रयोः (dual genitive)
तमिस्राणाम् (genitive plural)
तमिस्रे (locative singular)
तमिस्रयोः (dual locative)
तमिस्रेषु (locative plural)

Pali: timisa (“darkness”)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫𑀺𑀲𑁆𑀲 (tamissa, “darkness; dark night”)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *temH-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *témHos
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHsram
Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHsram (“darkness; dark night”), from Proto-Indo-European *témH-(e)s-ros (“darkness”), from *temH- (“to be dark”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra, “darkness”), Latin tenebrae, German finster (“dark, gloomy”). See also तमिस्रा (támisrā).


उल्लापन

ullāpana (romanization)
उल्लापनम् (nominative singular)
उल्लापने (dual nominative)
उल्लापनानि (nominative plural)
उल्लापना1 (nominative plural)
उल्लापन (singular vocative)
उल्लापने (dual vocative)
उल्लापनानि (plural vocative)
उल्लापना1 (plural vocative)
उल्लापनम् (accusative singular)
उल्लापने (accusative dual)
उल्लापनानि (accusative plural)
उल्लापना1 (accusative plural)
उल्लापनेन (instrumental singular)
उल्लापनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उल्लापनैः (instrumental plural)
उल्लापनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उल्लापनाय (dative singular)
उल्लापनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उल्लापनेभ्यः (dative plural)
उल्लापनात् (ablative singular)
उल्लापनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उल्लापनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उल्लापनस्य (genitive singular)
उल्लापनयोः (dual genitive)
उल्लापनानाम् (genitive plural)
उल्लापने (locative singular)
उल्लापनयोः (dual locative)
उल्लापनेषु (locative plural)


उपान्त

upānta (romanization)
उपान्तम् (nominative singular)
उपान्ते (dual nominative)
उपान्तानि (nominative plural)
उपान्ता1 (nominative plural)
उपान्त (singular vocative)
उपान्ते (dual vocative)
उपान्तानि (plural vocative)
उपान्ता1 (plural vocative)
उपान्तम् (accusative singular)
उपान्ते (accusative dual)
उपान्तानि (accusative plural)
उपान्ता1 (accusative plural)
उपान्तेन (instrumental singular)
उपान्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपान्तैः (instrumental plural)
उपान्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपान्ताय (dative singular)
उपान्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपान्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपान्तात् (ablative singular)
उपान्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपान्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपान्तस्य (genitive singular)
उपान्तयोः (dual genitive)
उपान्तानाम् (genitive plural)
उपान्ते (locative singular)
उपान्तयोः (dual locative)
उपान्तेषु (locative plural)

→ Tocharian B: uwaṃt (possibly)


उशीर

→ Tocharian B: uśir

Chrysopogon zizanioides
Chrysopogon zizanioides#Translingual

Andropogon Muricatus
Andropogon Muricatus

(botany) root of the vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides or Andropogon Muricatus)


पामन्

pāmán (romanization)
पामा (nominative singular)
पामानौ (dual nominative)
पामाना1 (dual nominative)
पामानः (nominative plural)
पामन् (singular vocative)
पामानौ (dual vocative)
पामाना1 (dual vocative)
पामानः (plural vocative)
पामानम् (accusative singular)
पामानौ (accusative dual)
पामाना1 (accusative dual)
पाम्नः (accusative plural)
पाम्ना (instrumental singular)
पामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पामभिः (instrumental plural)
पाम्ने (dative singular)
पामभ्याम् (dative dual)
पामभ्यः (dative plural)
पाम्नः (ablative singular)
पामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पामभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाम्नः (genitive singular)
पाम्नोः (dual genitive)
पाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्नि (locative singular)
पामनि (locative singular)
पामन्1 (locative singular)
पाम्नोः (dual locative)
पामसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHmā́ (“scabies, rash”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁-mḗn, from *peh₁- (“to hurt”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬨𐬀 (pāma), 𐬞𐬄𐬨𐬀 (pąma, “scabies”), Pashto پم (pam, “scabies”). Also related to Latin pēminōsus (“full of cracks”), Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma, “misery”).

तक्मन् भ्रात्रा बलासेन स्वस्रा कासिकया सह ।
पाम्ना भ्रातृव्येण सह गछामुमरणं जनम् ॥
takman bhrātrā balāsena svasrā kāsikayā saha.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.22.12

Go, Fever, with Phthisis, thy brother, and with thy sister, Cough.
And with thy nephew Scabies, go away unto that alien folk.

pāmnā bhrātṛvyeṇa saha gachāmumaraṇaṃ janam.


ताम्बूलिक

tāmbūlika (romanization)
ताम्बूलिकः (nominative singular)
ताम्बूलिकौ (dual nominative)
ताम्बूलिकाः (nominative plural)
ताम्बूलिक (singular vocative)
ताम्बूलिकौ (dual vocative)
ताम्बूलिकाः (plural vocative)
ताम्बूलिकम् (accusative singular)
ताम्बूलिकौ (accusative dual)
ताम्बूलिकान् (accusative plural)
ताम्बूलिकेन (instrumental singular)
ताम्बूलिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्बूलिकैः (instrumental plural)
ताम्बूलिकाय (dative singular)
ताम्बूलिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्बूलिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्बूलिकात् (ablative singular)
ताम्बूलिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्बूलिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्बूलिकस्य (genitive singular)
ताम्बूलिकयोः (dual genitive)
ताम्बूलिकानाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्बूलिके (locative singular)
ताम्बूलिकयोः (dual locative)
ताम्बूलिकेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑁄𑀮𑀺𑀅 (taṃbolia) (see there for further descendants)

From ताम्बूल (tāmbūla, “betel”) + -इक (-ika).

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa

रजकनापितमालाकारगान्धिकसौरिकभिक्षुकगोपालकताम्बूलिकसौवर्णिकपीठमर्दविटविदूषकादयो मित्राणि ।

c. 200 CE – 300 CE, Vātsyāyana, Kāma Sūtra 1.5.25.1

O washermen, barbers, garland-makers, perfume-vendors, liquor-vendors, mendicants, cowherds, betel-sellers, goldsmiths, companions, sensualists, jesters, etc. and friends […]


घटी

ghaṭī (romanization)
घटी (nominative singular)
घट्यौ (dual nominative)
घटी1 (dual nominative)
घट्यः (nominative plural)
घटीः1 (nominative plural)
घटि (singular vocative)
घट्यौ (dual vocative)
घटी1 (dual vocative)
घट्यः (plural vocative)
घटीः1 (plural vocative)
घटीम् (accusative singular)
घट्यौ (accusative dual)
घटी1 (accusative dual)
घटीः (accusative plural)
घट्या (instrumental singular)
घटीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घटीभिः (instrumental plural)
घट्यै (dative singular)
घटीभ्याम् (dative dual)
घटीभ्यः (dative plural)
घट्याः (ablative singular)
घट्यै2 (ablative singular)
घटीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घटीभ्यः (ablative plural)
घट्याः (genitive singular)
घट्यै2 (genitive singular)
घट्योः (dual genitive)
घटीनाम् (genitive plural)
घट्याम् (locative singular)
घट्योः (dual locative)
घटीषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Shina: گی (găi), گڑ (gaṛí)

Khowar: گوڵ (goḷi)

→ Proto-Nuristani:

Waigali: geṛī́, gīṛi

Pali: ghaṭī

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀟𑀻 (ghaḍī), 𑀖𑀟𑀺𑀆 (ghaḍiā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: घरी (gharī), घरिया (ghariyā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Braj: घड़ि (ghaṛi)

Hindustani: ghaṛī, ghaṛiyā

desc

Hindi: घड़ी, घड़िया

Hindi: घड़ी, घड़िया

Urdu: گھَڑِی (ghaṛī), گھَڑِیَا (ghaṛiyā)

Romani: gari

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ঘড়ী (ghori)

desctree

Bengali: ঘড়ি (ghoṛi), ঘড়ী (ghoṛi)
→ Atong (India): khori
→ Garo: gori
→ Santali: ᱜᱷᱩᱰᱤ (ghuḍi)

Bihari: घरिया (ghariyā)

Odia: ଘଡ଼ୀ (ghaṛi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: घड़ी (ghaṛī)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: घरि (ghari)

Western Pahari:

desc

घड़िओ घेड़िओ

Bhadrawahi: घड़िओ घेड़िओ (ghaṛio gheṛio)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: ghaṛī

Gurmukhi script: ਘੜੀ

Shahmukhi script: گھَڑِی (ghaṛī)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ghaṛī

Arabic script: گھَڙِي

Devanagari script: घड़ी

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގުޅި (guḷi)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: ghaḍi

Devanagari script: घडि

Kannada script: ಘಡಿ

Latin script: ghaddi

Marathi: घडी (ghaḍī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Old Gujarati:

Gujarati: ઘડી (ghaḍī)

Marwari: घड़ी (ghaṛī)

→ Hindi: घटी (ghaṭī)

→ Nepali: घटी (ghaṭī)

→ Classical Newar: 𑐑𑐚𑐶

Newar: घौ (ghau)

a short time period (often of 24 minutes)


यक्षिणी

sa-noun

यक्षिणी • (yakṣíṇī) stem, f

yakṣíṇī (romanization)
यक्षिणी (nominative singular)
यक्षिण्यौ (dual nominative)
यक्षिणी1 (dual nominative)
यक्षिण्यः (nominative plural)
यक्षिणीः1 (nominative plural)
यक्षिणि (singular vocative)
यक्षिण्यौ (dual vocative)
यक्षिणी1 (dual vocative)
यक्षिण्यः (plural vocative)
यक्षिणीः1 (plural vocative)
यक्षिणीम् (accusative singular)
यक्षिण्यौ (accusative dual)
यक्षिणी1 (accusative dual)
यक्षिणीः (accusative plural)
यक्षिण्या (instrumental singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यक्षिणीभिः (instrumental plural)
यक्षिण्यै (dative singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
यक्षिणीभ्यः (dative plural)
यक्षिण्याः (ablative singular)
यक्षिण्यै2 (ablative singular)
यक्षिणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यक्षिणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
यक्षिण्याः (genitive singular)
यक्षिण्यै2 (genitive singular)
यक्षिण्योः (dual genitive)
यक्षिणीनाम् (genitive plural)
यक्षिण्याम् (locative singular)
यक्षिण्योः (dual locative)
यक्षिणीषु (locative plural)

Bengali: যক্ষিণী (jokkhini)

English: yakshini

Hindi: यक्षिणी (yakṣiṇī)

Malayalam: യക്ഷി (yakṣi)

Pali: yakkhiṇī, yakkhī

Burmese: ယက္ခီ (yakhki)

Punjabi: ਯਾਕਸ਼ਿਨੀ (yākśinī)

Tamil: யட்சினி (yaṭciṉi)

Thai: ยักษิณี (yák-sì-nii)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a female yaksha; a supernatural being, spiritual apparition, spirit, ghost


कौटिल्य

→ English: Kautilya

→ Telugu: కౌటిల్యుడు (kauṭilyuḍu)

→ Malayalam: കൗടില്യൻ (kauṭilyaṉ)

Vrddhi derivative of कुटिल (kuṭila) with a -य (-ya) extension.


ऊढि

ūḍhi (romanization)
ऊढिः (nominative singular)
ऊढी (dual nominative)
ऊढयः (nominative plural)
ऊढे (singular vocative)
ऊढी (dual vocative)
ऊढयः (plural vocative)
ऊढिम् (accusative singular)
ऊढी (accusative dual)
ऊढीः (accusative plural)
ऊढ्या (instrumental singular)
ऊढी1 (instrumental singular)
ऊढिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊढिभिः (instrumental plural)
ऊढये (dative singular)
ऊढ्यै2 (dative singular)
ऊढी1 (dative singular)
ऊढिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊढिभ्यः (dative plural)
ऊढेः (ablative singular)
ऊढ्याः2 (ablative singular)
ऊढ्यै3 (ablative singular)
ऊढिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊढिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊढेः (genitive singular)
ऊढ्याः2 (genitive singular)
ऊढ्यै3 (genitive singular)
ऊढ्योः (dual genitive)
ऊढीनाम् (genitive plural)
ऊढौ (locative singular)
ऊढ्याम्2 (locative singular)
ऊढा1 (locative singular)
ऊढ्योः (dual locative)
ऊढिषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *uẓḍʰíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *uždʰíš, from Proto-Indo-European *wéǵʰ-tis ~ *uǵʰ-téy-s. Cognate with Latin vectis.


रोष

roṣa (romanization)
रोषः (nominative singular)
रोषौ (dual nominative)
रोषा1 (dual nominative)
रोषाः (nominative plural)
रोषासः1 (nominative plural)
रोष (singular vocative)
रोषौ (dual vocative)
रोषा1 (dual vocative)
रोषाः (plural vocative)
रोषासः1 (plural vocative)
रोषम् (accusative singular)
रोषौ (accusative dual)
रोषा1 (accusative dual)
रोषान् (accusative plural)
रोषेण (instrumental singular)
रोषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोषैः (instrumental plural)
रोषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोषाय (dative singular)
रोषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोषेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोषात् (ablative singular)
रोषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोषस्य (genitive singular)
रोषयोः (dual genitive)
रोषाणाम् (genitive plural)
रोषे (locative singular)
रोषयोः (dual locative)
रोषेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: रोष (roṣ)

Pali: rosa

Phalura: rúuṣ

→ Tamil: ரோஷம் (rōṣam), ரோசம் (rōcam)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀲 (rosa)

Pahari-Potwari: روہ (roh)

From the root रुष् (ruṣ, “to be mad, agitated”).


वाचक

→ Tocharian B: ekārthavācake


भूतकेश

bhūtakeśa (romanization)
भूतकेशः (nominative singular)
भूतकेशौ (dual nominative)
भूतकेशाः (nominative plural)
भूतकेश (singular vocative)
भूतकेशौ (dual vocative)
भूतकेशाः (plural vocative)
भूतकेशम् (accusative singular)
भूतकेशौ (accusative dual)
भूतकेशान् (accusative plural)
भूतकेशेन (instrumental singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भूतकेशैः (instrumental plural)
भूतकेशाय (dative singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भूतकेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
भूतकेशात् (ablative singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भूतकेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भूतकेशस्य (genitive singular)
भूतकेशयोः (dual genitive)
भूतकेशानाम् (genitive plural)
भूतकेशे (locative singular)
भूतकेशयोः (dual locative)
भूतकेशेषु (locative plural)
भूतकेशम् (nominative singular)
भूतकेशे (dual nominative)
भूतकेशानि (nominative plural)
भूतकेश (singular vocative)
भूतकेशे (dual vocative)
भूतकेशानि (plural vocative)
भूतकेशम् (accusative singular)
भूतकेशे (accusative dual)
भूतकेशानि (accusative plural)
भूतकेशेन (instrumental singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भूतकेशैः (instrumental plural)
भूतकेशाय (dative singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भूतकेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
भूतकेशात् (ablative singular)
भूतकेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भूतकेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भूतकेशस्य (genitive singular)
भूतकेशयोः (dual genitive)
भूतकेशानाम् (genitive plural)
भूतकेशे (locative singular)
भूतकेशयोः (dual locative)
भूतकेशेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of भूतकेश

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">भूतकेश</i>

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूतकेशाभ्याम्

भूत (bhūta, “ghost, goblin”) + केश (keśa, “hair”)

com

(also in neuter) Govan's corydalis (Corydalis govaniana); its native range is from Northern Pakistan to Western & Central Himalaya and Southern Tibet.

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


दशाब्द

[dɐ.ɕɑ́ːb̚.dɐ]

/d̪ɐˈɕɑːb.d̪ɐ/

[d̪ɐˈɕɑːb̚.d̪ɐ]


सहस्राब्द

[sɐ.ɦɐ́s.ɾɑːb̚.dɐ]

/s̪ɐ.ɦɐs̪ˈɾɑːb.d̪ɐ/

[s̪ɐ.ɦɐs̪ˈɾɑːb̚.d̪ɐ]


मात्सर्य

mātsarya (romanization)
मात्सर्यम् (nominative singular)
मात्सर्ये (dual nominative)
मात्सर्याणि (nominative plural)
मात्सर्य (singular vocative)
मात्सर्ये (dual vocative)
मात्सर्याणि (plural vocative)
मात्सर्यम् (accusative singular)
मात्सर्ये (accusative dual)
मात्सर्याणि (accusative plural)
मात्सर्येण (instrumental singular)
मात्सर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मात्सर्यैः (instrumental plural)
मात्सर्याय (dative singular)
मात्सर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
मात्सर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
मात्सर्यात् (ablative singular)
मात्सर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मात्सर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
मात्सर्यस्य (genitive singular)
मात्सर्ययोः (dual genitive)
मात्सर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
मात्सर्ये (locative singular)
मात्सर्ययोः (dual locative)
मात्सर्येषु (locative plural)

/mɑːt̪ˈs̪ɐɾ.jɐ/

Vrddhi derivative of मत्सर (matsara, “jealous”) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

स्मार्तं हि ज्ञानमात्मनस्तस्यैव मनसोऽनुबन्धादनुवर्तते यस्यानुवृत्तिं पुरस्कृत्य पुरुषो जातिस्मर इत्युच्यते ।
यानि खल्वस्य गर्भस्य सत्त्वजानि यान्यस्य सत्त्वतः सम्भवतः सम्भवन्ति तान्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः तद्यथा भक्तिः शीलं शौचं द्वेषः स्मृतिर्मोहस्त्यागो मात्सर्यं शौर्यं भयं क्रोधस्तन्द्रोत्साहस्तैक्ष्ण्यं मार्दवं गाम्भीर्यमनवस्थितत्वमित्येवमादयश्चान्ये ते सत्त्वविकारा यानुत्तरकालं सत्त्वभेदमधिकृत्योपदेक्ष्यामः ॥
smārtaṃ hi jñānamātmanastasyaiva manasoʼnubandhādanuvartate yasyānuvṛttiṃ puraskṛtya puruṣo jātismara ityucyate.

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 4.3.13.3-4

We shall now enumerate the mind-born parts of the embryo, i. e those that pass from the mind, to the embryo during its formation. These are - inclination, character, purity, hate, recollection, infatuation, liberality, envy, valour, fear, anger, torpor, enthusiasm, keenness, softness, profundity, fickleness, and such others; as also the conditions of the mind, which we shall later describe in connection with the analysis of mind. The mind is indeed of diverse dispositions; all these obtain in the same man but not at the same time. When a man is said to be of a particular disposition, he is said to be so by reason of its preponderance.

yāni khalvasya garbhasya sattvajāni yānyasya sattvataḥ sambhavataḥ sambhavanti tānyanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ tadyathā bhaktiḥ śīlaṃ śaucaṃ dveṣaḥ smṛtirmohastyāgo mātsaryaṃ śauryaṃ bhayaṃ krodhastandrotsāhastaikṣṇyaṃ mārdavaṃ gāmbhīryamanavasthitatvamityevamādayaścānye te sattvavikārā yānuttarakālaṃ sattvabhedamadhikṛtyopadekṣyāmaḥ.

न मे द्वेषरागौ न मे लोभमोहौ
मदो नैव मे नैव मात्सर्यभावः ।
na me dveṣarāgau na me lobhamohau

c. 800 CE, Ādi Śaṃkara, Nirvāṇa Ṣaṭka 3.1

Neither do I have love and hate, nor greed and infatuation;
Neither do I have intoxication nor envy


आयुष

āyuṣa (romanization)
आयुषम् (nominative singular)
आयुषे (dual nominative)
आयुषाणि (nominative plural)
आयुषा1 (nominative plural)
आयुष (singular vocative)
आयुषे (dual vocative)
आयुषाणि (plural vocative)
आयुषा1 (plural vocative)
आयुषम् (accusative singular)
आयुषे (accusative dual)
आयुषाणि (accusative plural)
आयुषा1 (accusative plural)
आयुषेण (instrumental singular)
आयुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आयुषैः (instrumental plural)
आयुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आयुषाय (dative singular)
आयुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आयुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
आयुषात् (ablative singular)
आयुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आयुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आयुषस्य (genitive singular)
आयुषयोः (dual genitive)
आयुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
आयुषे (locative singular)
आयुषयोः (dual locative)
आयुषेषु (locative plural)

→ Gujarati: આયુષ (āyuṣ) (learned)

desc

→ Gujarati: આયખું (āyakhũ) (semi-learned)

→ Old Javanese: āyuṣa


शार्दूल

sa-noun

शार्दूल • (śārdūlá) stem, m

śārdūlá (romanization)
शार्दूलः (nominative singular)
शार्दूलौ (dual nominative)
शार्दूला1 (dual nominative)
शार्दूलाः (nominative plural)
शार्दूलासः1 (nominative plural)
शार्दूल (singular vocative)
शार्दूलौ (dual vocative)
शार्दूला1 (dual vocative)
शार्दूलाः (plural vocative)
शार्दूलासः1 (plural vocative)
शार्दूलम् (accusative singular)
शार्दूलौ (accusative dual)
शार्दूला1 (accusative dual)
शार्दूलान् (accusative plural)
शार्दूलेन (instrumental singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शार्दूलैः (instrumental plural)
शार्दूलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शार्दूलाय (dative singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शार्दूलेभ्यः (dative plural)
शार्दूलात् (ablative singular)
शार्दूलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शार्दूलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शार्दूलस्य (genitive singular)
शार्दूलयोः (dual genitive)
शार्दूलानाम् (genitive plural)
शार्दूले (locative singular)
शार्दूलयोः (dual locative)
शार्दूलेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: शार्दूल (śārdūl) (learned)

desc

→ Telugu: శార్దూలము (śārdūlamu) (learned)

/ɕɑːɾ.duː.lɐ́/

/ɕɑːɾˈd̪uː.l̪ɐ/

The origin is unknown.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *cārduš, a variant of cárguš “predatory animal”, possibly through an Iranian intermediary.


पर्ष

parṣá (romanization)
पर्षः (nominative singular)
पर्षौ (dual nominative)
पर्षा1 (dual nominative)
पर्षाः (nominative plural)
पर्षासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्ष (singular vocative)
पर्षौ (dual vocative)
पर्षा1 (dual vocative)
पर्षाः (plural vocative)
पर्षासः1 (plural vocative)
पर्षम् (accusative singular)
पर्षौ (accusative dual)
पर्षा1 (accusative dual)
पर्षान् (accusative plural)
पर्षेण (instrumental singular)
पर्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्षैः (instrumental plural)
पर्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्षाय (dative singular)
पर्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्षात् (ablative singular)
पर्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्षस्य (genitive singular)
पर्षयोः (dual genitive)
पर्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
पर्षे (locative singular)
पर्षयोः (dual locative)
पर्षेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paršás (“bundle (of leaves), sheaf”), from Proto-Indo-European *pers-ó-s, from the root *pers- (“bundle of leaves; bunched up leaves”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀 (parša, “ear of corn”), Latin porrum (“leek”) and possibly Ancient Greek πράσον (práson, “leek”).

inh

खले॒ न प॒र्षान् प्रति॑ हन्मि॒ भूरि॒ किं मा॑ निन्दन्ति॒ शत्र॑वो ऽनि॒न्द्राः ॥

Like many sheaves upon the threshing floor I thrash them. How can my foes, those without Indra on their side, revile me?

khále ná parṣā́n práti hanmi bhū́ri kíṃ mā nindanti śátravo ʼnindrā́ḥ.


जनित्री

jánitrī (romanization)
जनित्री (nominative singular)
जनित्र्यौ (dual nominative)
जनित्री1 (dual nominative)
जनित्र्यः (nominative plural)
जनित्रीः1 (nominative plural)
जनित्रि (singular vocative)
जनित्र्यौ (dual vocative)
जनित्री1 (dual vocative)
जनित्र्यः (plural vocative)
जनित्रीः1 (plural vocative)
जनित्रीम् (accusative singular)
जनित्र्यौ (accusative dual)
जनित्री1 (accusative dual)
जनित्रीः (accusative plural)
जनित्र्या (instrumental singular)
जनित्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनित्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
जनित्र्यै (dative singular)
जनित्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनित्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
जनित्र्याः (ablative singular)
जनित्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
जनित्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनित्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनित्र्याः (genitive singular)
जनित्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
जनित्र्योः (dual genitive)
जनित्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
जनित्र्याम् (locative singular)
जनित्र्योः (dual locative)
जनित्रीषु (locative plural)

/d͡ʑɐˈn̪it̪.ɾiː/

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁trih₂ in the strong cases, and cognate to Latin genitrīx, genetrīx, Ancient Greek γενέτειρα (genéteira). Doublet of जात्री (jātrī́), derived from the oblique cases.


बिडाल

biḍāla (romanization)
बिडालः (nominative singular)
बिडालौ (dual nominative)
बिडाला1 (dual nominative)
बिडालाः (nominative plural)
बिडालासः1 (nominative plural)
बिडाल (singular vocative)
बिडालौ (dual vocative)
बिडाला1 (dual vocative)
बिडालाः (plural vocative)
बिडालासः1 (plural vocative)
बिडालम् (accusative singular)
बिडालौ (accusative dual)
बिडाला1 (accusative dual)
बिडालान् (accusative plural)
बिडालेन (instrumental singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बिडालैः (instrumental plural)
बिडालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बिडालाय (dative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बिडालेभ्यः (dative plural)
बिडालात् (ablative singular)
बिडालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बिडालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बिडालस्य (genitive singular)
बिडालयोः (dual genitive)
बिडालानाम् (genitive plural)
बिडाले (locative singular)
बिडालयोः (dual locative)
बिडालेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: birạ̃́u

Kashmiri: brọrᵘ

Arabic script: برۄرُ

Devanagari script: ब्रौरु

Pali: biḷāla

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀺𑀟𑀸𑀮 (biḍāla), 𑀩𑀺𑀮𑀸𑀮 (bilāla)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Awadhi: बिलारी (bilārī)

desc

Gujarati: બિલાડો (bilāḍo), બિલાડું (bilāḍũ)

Hindustani: billā

Hindi: बिराड़, बिल्ला

Hindi: बिराड़, बिल्ला

Urdu: بِلَار (bilār), بلا

Romani: blári, brári

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: বিড়াল (biral)

Bengali: বিড়াল (biṛal)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: बिलार (bilār)

Maithili: बिलार (bilār)

Odia: ବିଡ଼ାଳ (biṛāḷa), ବିଲାଳ (bilāḷa), ବିଲାର (bilāra), ବିରାଲ (birāla), ବିରାଡ଼ି (birāṛi), ବିଲାଇ (bilāi)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: बिराळी (birāḷī)

Kumaoni: बिरालू (birālū), बिराली (birālī), बिरलाऊ (birlāū), बिराउ (birāu)

Eastern Pahari:

Doteli: बिल्लो (billo)

Nepali: बिरालो (birālo)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ބުޅާ (buḷā), ބުޅައު (buḷau), ބެޅަލް (beḷal) — Mulaku, ބެޅައް (beḷak̊) — Addu

Sinhalese: බළලා (baḷalā)

Western:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: billā

Gurmukhi script: ਬਿੱਲਾ

Shahmukhi script: بِلَّا

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: ḇilo

Arabic script: ٻِلو

Devanagari script: ॿिलो

→ Malayalam: ബിഡാലം (biḍālaṁ)

→ Telugu: బిడాలము (biḍālamu)

/biˈɖɑː.l̪ɐ/

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Konda-Dora [script needed] (biṛp-, “to blink”), Tulu ಬುಳಾವು (buḷāvu, “to open as the eyes”), Tamil விழி (viḻi, “eye”). The cat meaning is derived from "eyeball"; compare नेत्रपिण्ड (netrapiṇḍa), another word meaning both "cat" and "eyeball" though the literal meaning is just eyeball.


शकृत्

śákṛt (romanization)
शकृत् (nominative singular)
शकृत् (accusative singular)
शकृतः (accusative plural)
शक्ना (instrumental singular)
शकृता (instrumental singular)
शकभिः (instrumental plural)
शक्नः (genitive singular)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćák-r̥ ~ *ćak-ná-s (“dung, excrement”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷ-r̥ ~ *ḱekʷ-én-s (“dung, excrement”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κόπρος (kópros, “excrement”), Baluchi سغن (saġan, “dung”). Also compare English copro-, a borrowing from Ancient Greek. There was a wide variety of alternative forms of the term in Old and Middle Indo-Aryan (see below), possibly due to taboo distortion.

cog

श्रोणामेक उदकं गामवाजति मांसमेकः पिंशति सूनयाभृतम् ।
आ निम्रुचः शकृद्एको अपाभरत्...
śroṇāmeka udakaṃ gāmavājati māṃsamekaḥ piṃśati sūnayābhṛtam.

One of them leads the crippled cow to the water, another trims the flesh brought on the carving-board
Another one carried off the dung till evening...

अश्वस्य त्वा वृष्णः शक्ना धूपयामि देवयजने पृथिव्याः ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 37.9

I fumigate thee with stallion's dung on the place of worship.

aśvasya tvā vṛṣṇaḥ śaknā dhūpayāmi devayajane pṛthivyāḥ.

dung, excrement, faeces, manure, (especially) cowdung

𑋁𑋥𑋌𑋧Southern:Konkani: śeṇDevanagari script: शेणKannada script: ಶೇಣ್Latin script: xennOld Marathi:Devanagari script: शेणी

< 𑀙𑀸𑀡 (chāṇa); 𑀙𑀸𑀡𑀻 (chāṇī)

𑘭𑘹𑘡𑘲Marathi: śeṇDevanagari script: शेणModi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘜Varhadi: śenDevanagari script: शेनModi script: 𑘫𑘹𑘡Western:Ahirani: शेनMiddle Gujarati: छाण(-आवलि)Gujarati: છાણMarwari:Devanagari script: छगणMahajani script: 𑅚𑅗𑅢


दोहस्

dóhas (romanization)
दोहः (nominative singular)
दोहसी (dual nominative)
दोहांसि (nominative plural)
दोहः (singular vocative)
दोहसी (dual vocative)
दोहांसि (plural vocative)
दोहः (accusative singular)
दोहसी (accusative dual)
दोहांसि (accusative plural)
दोहसा (instrumental singular)
दोहोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोहोभिः (instrumental plural)
दोहसे (dative singular)
दोहोभ्याम् (dative dual)
दोहोभ्यः (dative plural)
दोहसः (ablative singular)
दोहोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोहोभ्यः (ablative plural)
दोहसः (genitive singular)
दोहसोः (dual genitive)
दोहसाम् (genitive plural)
दोहसि (locative singular)
दोहसोः (dual locative)
दोहःसु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪oː.ɦɐs̪/


दोहद

dohada (romanization)
दोहदः (nominative singular)
दोहदौ (dual nominative)
दोहदा1 (dual nominative)
दोहदाः (nominative plural)
दोहदासः1 (nominative plural)
दोहद (singular vocative)
दोहदौ (dual vocative)
दोहदा1 (dual vocative)
दोहदाः (plural vocative)
दोहदासः1 (plural vocative)
दोहदम् (accusative singular)
दोहदौ (accusative dual)
दोहदा1 (accusative dual)
दोहदान् (accusative plural)
दोहदेन (instrumental singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोहदैः (instrumental plural)
दोहदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दोहदाय (dative singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दोहदेभ्यः (dative plural)
दोहदात् (ablative singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोहदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दोहदस्य (genitive singular)
दोहदयोः (dual genitive)
दोहदानाम् (genitive plural)
दोहदे (locative singular)
दोहदयोः (dual locative)
दोहदेषु (locative plural)
दोहदम् (nominative singular)
दोहदे (dual nominative)
दोहदानि (nominative plural)
दोहदा1 (nominative plural)
दोहद (singular vocative)
दोहदे (dual vocative)
दोहदानि (plural vocative)
दोहदा1 (plural vocative)
दोहदम् (accusative singular)
दोहदे (accusative dual)
दोहदानि (accusative plural)
दोहदा1 (accusative plural)
दोहदेन (instrumental singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोहदैः (instrumental plural)
दोहदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दोहदाय (dative singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दोहदेभ्यः (dative plural)
दोहदात् (ablative singular)
दोहदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोहदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दोहदस्य (genitive singular)
दोहदयोः (dual genitive)
दोहदानाम् (genitive plural)
दोहदे (locative singular)
दोहदयोः (dual locative)
दोहदेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪oː.ɦɐ.d̪ɐ/

From द्विहृदया (dvihṛdayā), दौर्हृद (daurhṛda).

the craving or longing of a pregnant woman


नासिका

nā́sikā (romanization)
नासिका (nominative singular)
नासिके (dual nominative)
नासिकाः (nominative plural)
नासिके (singular vocative)
नासिके (dual vocative)
नासिकाः (plural vocative)
नासिकाम् (accusative singular)
नासिके (accusative dual)
नासिकाः (accusative plural)
नासिकया (instrumental singular)
नासिका1 (instrumental singular)
नासिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नासिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
नासिकायै (dative singular)
नासिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नासिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
नासिकायाः (ablative singular)
नासिकायै2 (ablative singular)
नासिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नासिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नासिकायाः (genitive singular)
नासिकायै2 (genitive singular)
नासिकयोः (dual genitive)
नासिकानाम् (genitive plural)
नासिकायाम् (locative singular)
नासिकयोः (dual locative)
नासिकासु (locative plural)

Marathi: नाशिक (nāśik)

→ Hindi: नासिक (nāsik)

→ Hindi: नासिका (nāsikā) (learned)

→ Tamil: நாசி (nāci) (learned)

→ Thai: นาสิก (naa-sìk)


स्थाली

sthālī́ (romanization)
स्थाली (nominative singular)
स्थाल्यौ (dual nominative)
स्थाली1 (dual nominative)
स्थाल्यः (nominative plural)
स्थालीः1 (nominative plural)
स्थालि (singular vocative)
स्थाल्यौ (dual vocative)
स्थाली1 (dual vocative)
स्थाल्यः (plural vocative)
स्थालीः1 (plural vocative)
स्थालीम् (accusative singular)
स्थाल्यौ (accusative dual)
स्थाली1 (accusative dual)
स्थालीः (accusative plural)
स्थाल्या (instrumental singular)
स्थालीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थालीभिः (instrumental plural)
स्थाल्यै (dative singular)
स्थालीभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थालीभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थाल्याः (ablative singular)
स्थाल्यै2 (ablative singular)
स्थालीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थालीभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थाल्याः (genitive singular)
स्थाल्यै2 (genitive singular)
स्थाल्योः (dual genitive)
स्थालीनाम् (genitive plural)
स्थाल्याम् (locative singular)
स्थाल्योः (dual locative)
स्थालीषु (locative plural)

Pali: thālī

Prakrit: 𑀣𑀸𑀮𑀻 (thālī)

Assamese: থালি (thali)

Bengali: থালি (thali)

Gujarati: થાળી (thāḷī)

Hindi: थाली (thālī)

Maithili: थारी (thārī)

Marathi: थाळी (thāḷī)

Nepali: थाली (thālī)

Punjabi: ਥਾਲੀ (thālī)

Sindhi: ٿاليِ (thālī)

Urdu: تھالِی (thālī)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰɑː.l̪iː/

Probably from स्थाल (sthāla, “vessel”) + -ई (-ī, “feminine suffix”).

af

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda


नावा

nāvā (romanization)
नावा (nominative singular)
नावे (dual nominative)
नावाः (nominative plural)
नावे (singular vocative)
नावे (dual vocative)
नावाः (plural vocative)
नावाम् (accusative singular)
नावे (accusative dual)
नावाः (accusative plural)
नावया (instrumental singular)
नावा1 (instrumental singular)
नावाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नावाभिः (instrumental plural)
नावायै (dative singular)
नावाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नावाभ्यः (dative plural)
नावायाः (ablative singular)
नावायै2 (ablative singular)
नावाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नावाभ्यः (ablative plural)
नावायाः (genitive singular)
नावायै2 (genitive singular)
नावयोः (dual genitive)
नावानाम् (genitive plural)
नावायाम् (locative singular)
नावयोः (dual locative)
नावासु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނަވު (navu), ނާ (nā)

Sinhalese: නැව (næwa)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀯𑀸 (ṇāvā)
Old Marathi:
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪 (nāva)
Devanagari script: नाव (nāva)
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Punjabi: ਨਾਉ (nāu)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: নাও (naü)

Bengali: নাও (naō)

desc

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀡𑀸𑀯𑀸-𑀟-𑀅 (*ṇāvā-ḍa-a)

Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪𑘚𑘰 (nāvaḍā), 𑘡𑘰𑘪𑘰𑘚𑘰 (nāvāḍā)

Devanagari script: नावडा (nāvaḍā), नावाडा (nāvāḍā)

⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀡𑀸𑀯𑀸-𑀟-𑀇𑀅 (*ṇāvā-ḍa-ia)

Marathi: नावाडी (nāvāḍī)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਵ (nāv)

Shahmukhi script: ناوَ (nāva)

⇒ Paisaci Prakrit:

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Arabic script: نَائُڪ

Devanagari script: नाउक

Kashmiri: नाव (nāw), ناو (nāv)

Pali: nāvā

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀯𑀸 (ṇāvā)

Gujarati: નાવ (nāv) / ناؤ (nāv)

Hindustani:

Hindi: नाव (nāv)

Urdu: ناؤ (nāv)

→ Tamil: நாவாய் (nāvāy)


छगण

chagaṇa (romanization)
छगणः (nominative singular)
छगणौ (dual nominative)
छगणा1 (dual nominative)
छगणाः (nominative plural)
छगणासः1 (nominative plural)
छगण (singular vocative)
छगणौ (dual vocative)
छगणा1 (dual vocative)
छगणाः (plural vocative)
छगणासः1 (plural vocative)
छगणम् (accusative singular)
छगणौ (accusative dual)
छगणा1 (accusative dual)
छगणान् (accusative plural)
छगणेन (instrumental singular)
छगणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
छगणैः (instrumental plural)
छगणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
छगणाय (dative singular)
छगणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
छगणेभ्यः (dative plural)
छगणात् (ablative singular)
छगणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
छगणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
छगणस्य (genitive singular)
छगणयोः (dual genitive)
छगणानाम् (genitive plural)
छगणे (locative singular)
छगणयोः (dual locative)
छगणेषु (locative plural)

/ˈt͡ɕʰɐ.ɡɐ.ɳɐ/

Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀙𑀕𑀡 (chagaṇa), from the oblique stem of Sanskrit शकृत् (śakṛt).


गोपा

gopā́ (romanization)
गोपाः (nominative singular)
गोपा (dual nominative)
गोपौ (dual nominative)
गोपाः (nominative plural)
गोपे (singular vocative)
गोपे (dual vocative)
गोपाः (plural vocative)
गोपाम् (accusative singular)
गोपे (accusative dual)
गोपाः (accusative plural)
गोपया (instrumental singular)
गोपा1 (instrumental singular)
गोपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोपाभिः (instrumental plural)
गोपायै (dative singular)
गोपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोपाभ्यः (dative plural)
गोपायाः (ablative singular)
गोपायै2 (ablative singular)
गोपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोपाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोपायाः (genitive singular)
गोपायै2 (genitive singular)
गोपयोः (dual genitive)
गोपानाम् (genitive plural)
गोपायाम् (locative singular)
गोपयोः (dual locative)
गोपासु (locative plural)

From गो (go, “cow”) + पा (pā, “protecting, guarding”), the latter component from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂-s, from the root *peh₂- (“to guard”).

com

जातो यदग्ने भुवना व्यख्यः पशून्न गोपा इर्यः परिज्मा ।

Agni, when, born thou lookedst on all creatures, like a brisk herdsman moving round his cattle.

jāto yadagne bhuvanā vyakhyaḥ paśūnna gopā iryaḥ parijmā.

उतैनं गोपा अदृशन्नदृशन्नुदहार्यः

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.1.10.2

The cowherds have seen Him (Rudra), as have the maidens who fetch water.


दन्तवैद्य

dantavaidya (romanization)
दन्तवैद्यः (nominative singular)
दन्तवैद्यौ (dual nominative)
दन्तवैद्या1 (dual nominative)
दन्तवैद्याः (nominative plural)
दन्तवैद्यासः1 (nominative plural)
दन्तवैद्य (singular vocative)
दन्तवैद्यौ (dual vocative)
दन्तवैद्या1 (dual vocative)
दन्तवैद्याः (plural vocative)
दन्तवैद्यासः1 (plural vocative)
दन्तवैद्यम् (accusative singular)
दन्तवैद्यौ (accusative dual)
दन्तवैद्या1 (accusative dual)
दन्तवैद्यान् (accusative plural)
दन्तवैद्येन (instrumental singular)
दन्तवैद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दन्तवैद्यैः (instrumental plural)
दन्तवैद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दन्तवैद्याय (dative singular)
दन्तवैद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
दन्तवैद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
दन्तवैद्यात् (ablative singular)
दन्तवैद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दन्तवैद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
दन्तवैद्यस्य (genitive singular)
दन्तवैद्ययोः (dual genitive)
दन्तवैद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
दन्तवैद्ये (locative singular)
दन्तवैद्ययोः (dual locative)
दन्तवैद्येषु (locative plural)

/d̪ɐn̪.t̪ɐˈʋɑjd̪.jɐ/


दाढिका

dāḍhikā (romanization)
दाढिका (nominative singular)
दाढिके (dual nominative)
दाढिकाः (nominative plural)
दाढिके (singular vocative)
दाढिके (dual vocative)
दाढिकाः (plural vocative)
दाढिकाम् (accusative singular)
दाढिके (accusative dual)
दाढिकाः (accusative plural)
दाढिकया (instrumental singular)
दाढिका1 (instrumental singular)
दाढिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दाढिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
दाढिकायै (dative singular)
दाढिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दाढिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
दाढिकायाः (ablative singular)
दाढिकायै2 (ablative singular)
दाढिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दाढिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दाढिकायाः (genitive singular)
दाढिकायै2 (genitive singular)
दाढिकयोः (dual genitive)
दाढिकानाम् (genitive plural)
दाढिकायाम् (locative singular)
दाढिकयोः (dual locative)
दाढिकासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

→ Kashmiri:

Sharada script: 𑆢𑇋𑆳𑆫 (dạ̄r)

Devanagari script: दऻर (dạ̄r)

Arabic script: دٲر (dạ̄r)

→ Phalura:

Latin script: déeṛi

Arabic script: دیڑیۡ

→ Torwali: دأ

Pali: dāṭhikā

→ Thai: ทาฐิกะ (taa-tì-gà)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀤𑀸𑀠𑀺𑀆 (dāḍhiā)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Hindustani:
Hindi: दाढ़ी (dāṛhī)
Urdu: دَاڑِھی (dāṛhī)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Bengali–Assamese:
Assamese: দাড়ি (dari)
Bengali: দাড়ি (daṛi)
Bihari:
Magahi: 𑂠𑂰𑂜𑂲 (dāṛhī)
Maithili:
Devanagari script: दाढ़ी (dāṛhī)
Tirhuta script: 𑒠𑒰𑒜𑓃𑒲 (dāṛhī)
Odia: ଦାଢ଼ି (dāṛhi)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: ދޮޅި (doḷi)
Sinhalese: දැළිය (dæḷiya)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Dogri:
Devanagari script: दाढ़ी (dāṛhī)
Dogra script: 𑠛𑠬𑠗𑠺𑠮 (dāṛhī)
Nepali: दाह्री (dāhrī)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Old Punjabi: ਦਾੜੀ (dāṛī)
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਦਾੜ੍ਹੀ (dāṛhī)
Shahmukhi script: داڑھی (dāṛhī)
Saraiki:
Devanagari script: दाढ़ी (dāṛhī)
Multani script: 𑊘𑊨 (dṛh)
Shahmukhi script: ݙاڑھی (ḏāṛhī)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: ڏاڙِهي (ḍ̠āḍhī)
Devanagari script: ॾाढ़ी (ḍ̠āḍhī)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani:
Devanagari script: दाडि (dāḍi)
Kannada script: ದಾಡಿ (dāḍi)
Latin script: daddi
Old Marathi: (see there for further descendants)
Devanagari script: दाढी (dāḍhī)
Modi script: 𑘟𑘰𑘛𑘲 (dāḍhī)
Western Indo-Aryan:
Ahirani: दाढी (dāḍhī)
Gojri: داڑھی (dāṛhī)
Gujarati: દાઢી (dāḍhī)
Malvi: दाड़ी (dāṛī)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: दाडी (dāḍī), दाढी (dāḍhī)
Mahajani script: 𑅥𑅠𑅑 (dḍi), 𑅥𑅡𑅑 (dḍhi)

/ˈd̪ɑː.ɖʱi.kɑː/

A corruption of दंष्ट्रिका (daṃṣṭrikā), a compound of दंष्ट्र (daṃṣṭra, “large tooth, tusk”) + -इक (-ika, possessive suffix) + -आ (-ā, feminine suffix), with a semantic shift from "tooth" to "beard", both of which are within the same general facial area; the first element is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dánštram, from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ-trom, from *denḱ- (“to bite”) + *-trom (suffix denoting a tool or instrument). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌-𐬛𐬄𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬀 (tiži-dąstra, “having sharp teeth”).


पूर्वाह्ण

sa-noun

पूर्वाह्ण • (pūrvāhṇá) stem, m

pūrvāhṇá (romanization)
पूर्वाह्णः (nominative singular)
पूर्वाह्णौ (dual nominative)
पूर्वाह्णा1 (dual nominative)
पूर्वाह्णाः (nominative plural)
पूर्वाह्णासः1 (nominative plural)
पूर्वाह्ण (singular vocative)
पूर्वाह्णौ (dual vocative)
पूर्वाह्णा1 (dual vocative)
पूर्वाह्णाः (plural vocative)
पूर्वाह्णासः1 (plural vocative)
पूर्वाह्णम् (accusative singular)
पूर्वाह्णौ (accusative dual)
पूर्वाह्णा1 (accusative dual)
पूर्वाह्णान् (accusative plural)
पूर्वाह्णेन (instrumental singular)
पूर्वाह्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पूर्वाह्णैः (instrumental plural)
पूर्वाह्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पूर्वाह्णाय (dative singular)
पूर्वाह्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पूर्वाह्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
पूर्वाह्णात् (ablative singular)
पूर्वाह्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पूर्वाह्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पूर्वाह्णस्य (genitive singular)
पूर्वाह्णयोः (dual genitive)
पूर्वाह्णानाम् (genitive plural)
पूर्वाह्णे (locative singular)
पूर्वाह्णयोः (dual locative)
पूर्वाह्णेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pubbaṇha

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀡𑁆𑀳 (puvvaṇha)

/puːɾ.ʋɑːɦ.ɳɐ́/

/puːɾˈʋɑːɦ.ɳɐ/

Karmadhāraya compound of पूर्व (pū́rva, “earlier”) + अह्न (ahna, “day”).

com

स्त्रियं॑ दृ॒ष्ट्वाय॑ कित॒वं त॑तापा॒न्येषां॑ जा॒यां सुकृ॑तं च॒ योनि॑म् ।
पू॒र्वा॒ह्णे अश्वा॑न्युयु॒जे हि ब॒भ्रून्त्सो अ॒ग्नेरन्ते॑ वृष॒लः प॑पाद ॥
stríyaṃ dṛṣṭvā́ya kitaváṃ tatāpānyéṣāṃ jāyā́ṃ súkṛtaṃ ca yónim .

The gamester, having observed the happy wife and well-ordered home of others, suffers regret;
He yokes the brown steeds in the forenoon, and at night the sinner lies down by the fire.

pūrvāhṇé áśvānyuyujé hí babhrū́nsó agnéránte vṛṣaláḥ papāda .

earlier part of the day; morning, forenoon


पूर्वाह्णे

sa-noun form

पूर्वाह्णे • (pūrvāhṇé) m

/puːɾ.ʋɑːɦ.ɳɐ́j/

/puːɾˈʋɑːɦ.ɳeː/

पूर्वाह्ण पूर्वाह्ण#Sanskrit

locative singular of पूर्वाह्ण (pūrvāhṇá)


श्याव्या

sa-noun

श्याव्या • (śyāvyā̀) stem, f

śyāvyā̀ (romanization)
metrical Vedic śyāvíyā (romanization)
श्याव्या (nominative singular)
श्याव्ये (dual nominative)
श्याव्याः (nominative plural)
श्याव्ये (singular vocative)
श्याव्ये (dual vocative)
श्याव्याः (plural vocative)
श्याव्याम् (accusative singular)
श्याव्ये (accusative dual)
श्याव्याः (accusative plural)
श्याव्यया (instrumental singular)
श्याव्या1 (instrumental singular)
श्याव्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्याव्याभिः (instrumental plural)
श्याव्यायै (dative singular)
श्याव्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्याव्याभ्यः (dative plural)
श्याव्यायाः (ablative singular)
श्याव्यायै2 (ablative singular)
श्याव्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्याव्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्याव्यायाः (genitive singular)
श्याव्यायै2 (genitive singular)
श्याव्ययोः (dual genitive)
श्याव्यानाम् (genitive plural)
श्याव्यायाम् (locative singular)
श्याव्ययोः (dual locative)
श्याव्यासु (locative plural)

/ɕjɑː.ʋí.jɑː/

/ˈɕjɑːʋ.jɑː/

इ॒ममु॒ त्यम॑थर्व॒वद॒ग्निं म॑न्थन्ति वे॒धसः॑ ।
यम॑ङ्कू॒यन्त॒मान॑य॒न्नमू॑रं श्या॒व्या॑भ्यः ॥
imámu tyámatharvavádagníṃ manthanti vedhásaḥ .

Here, the priests churn this Agni, as did Atharvan, and bring him, the wise, from the glooms of night wandering deviously.


श्याव्या

sa-noun form

श्याव्या • (śyāvyā) f

श्यावी श्यावी#Sanskrit

instrumental singular of श्यावी (śyā́vī)


ताम्बूलिकः

ताम्बूलिकः • (tāmbūlikaḥ) m

ताम्बूलिकस् ताम्बूलिकस्#Sanskrit

ताम्बूलिक ताम्बूलिक#Sanskrit

Combining form of ताम्बूलिकस् (tāmbūlikas, nominative singular of ताम्बूलिक (tāmbūlika))


वैदेही

vaidehī (romanization)
वैदेही (nominative singular)
वैदेह्यौ (dual nominative)
वैदेही1 (dual nominative)
वैदेह्यः (nominative plural)
वैदेहीः1 (nominative plural)
वैदेहि (singular vocative)
वैदेह्यौ (dual vocative)
वैदेही1 (dual vocative)
वैदेह्यः (plural vocative)
वैदेहीः1 (plural vocative)
वैदेहीम् (accusative singular)
वैदेह्यौ (accusative dual)
वैदेही1 (accusative dual)
वैदेहीः (accusative plural)
वैदेह्या (instrumental singular)
वैदेहीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैदेहीभिः (instrumental plural)
वैदेह्यै (dative singular)
वैदेहीभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैदेहीभ्यः (dative plural)
वैदेह्याः (ablative singular)
वैदेह्यै2 (ablative singular)
वैदेहीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैदेहीभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैदेह्याः (genitive singular)
वैदेह्यै2 (genitive singular)
वैदेह्योः (dual genitive)
वैदेहीनाम् (genitive plural)
वैदेह्याम् (locative singular)
वैदेह्योः (dual locative)
वैदेहीषु (locative plural)

/ʋɑjˈd̪eː.ɦiː/


वैदेह

vaideha (romanization)
वैदेहः (nominative singular)
वैदेहौ (dual nominative)
वैदेहा1 (dual nominative)
वैदेहाः (nominative plural)
वैदेहासः1 (nominative plural)
वैदेह (singular vocative)
वैदेहौ (dual vocative)
वैदेहा1 (dual vocative)
वैदेहाः (plural vocative)
वैदेहासः1 (plural vocative)
वैदेहम् (accusative singular)
वैदेहौ (accusative dual)
वैदेहा1 (accusative dual)
वैदेहान् (accusative plural)
वैदेहेन (instrumental singular)
वैदेहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैदेहैः (instrumental plural)
वैदेहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वैदेहाय (dative singular)
वैदेहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैदेहेभ्यः (dative plural)
वैदेहात् (ablative singular)
वैदेहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैदेहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैदेहस्य (genitive singular)
वैदेहयोः (dual genitive)
वैदेहानाम् (genitive plural)
वैदेहे (locative singular)
वैदेहयोः (dual locative)
वैदेहेषु (locative plural)

/ʋɑjˈd̪eː.ɦɐ/


वैर

vaira (romanization)
वैरम् (nominative singular)
वैरे (dual nominative)
वैराणि (nominative plural)
वैरा1 (nominative plural)
वैर (singular vocative)
वैरे (dual vocative)
वैराणि (plural vocative)
वैरा1 (plural vocative)
वैरम् (accusative singular)
वैरे (accusative dual)
वैराणि (accusative plural)
वैरा1 (accusative plural)
वैरेण (instrumental singular)
वैराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वैरैः (instrumental plural)
वैरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वैराय (dative singular)
वैराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वैरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वैरात् (ablative singular)
वैराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वैरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वैरस्य (genitive singular)
वैरयोः (dual genitive)
वैराणाम् (genitive plural)
वैरे (locative singular)
वैरयोः (dual locative)
वैरेषु (locative plural)

From a form related to वीर (vīra, “man, hero”); see there for more.

5. න හි වෛරෙණ වෛරාණී ශාම්යන්තීහ කදාචන
ක්ෂාන්ත්යා වෛරාණී ශම්යන්ති එෂ ධර්මඃ සනාතනඃ.

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred.
Hatreds are settled by forbearance. This is an eternal truth.

5. Na hi vaireṇa vairāṇi śāmyantīha kadācana.
Kṣāntyā vairāṇi śāmyanti eṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ.

enmity, hostility, animosity, grudge, quarrel or feud with


स्थूणा

sa-noun

स्थूणा • (sthū́ṇā) stem, f

sthū́ṇā (romanization)
स्थूणा (nominative singular)
स्थूणे (dual nominative)
स्थूणाः (nominative plural)
स्थूणे (singular vocative)
स्थूणे (dual vocative)
स्थूणाः (plural vocative)
स्थूणाम् (accusative singular)
स्थूणे (accusative dual)
स्थूणाः (accusative plural)
स्थूणया (instrumental singular)
स्थूणा1 (instrumental singular)
स्थूणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थूणाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्थूणायै (dative singular)
स्थूणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थूणाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थूणायाः (ablative singular)
स्थूणायै2 (ablative singular)
स्थूणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थूणाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थूणायाः (genitive singular)
स्थूणायै2 (genitive singular)
स्थूणयोः (dual genitive)
स्थूणानाम् (genitive plural)
स्थूणायाम् (locative singular)
स्थूणयोः (dual locative)
स्थूणासु (locative plural)

Pali: thūṇā

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀣𑀽𑀡𑀸 (thūṇā)
→ Malayalam: തൂണ് (tūṇŭ), തൂൺ (tūṇ), സ്ഥൂണ (sthūṇa) — tatsama
→ Tamil: தூண் (tūṇ)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰuː.ɳɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰuHnáH (“pillar”), from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬏𐬥𐬀 (stūna), Persian ستون (sotun, “pillar”).

वैश्वानर नाभिरसि क्षितीनां स्थूणेव जनाँ उपमिद्ययन्थ ॥
vaiśvānara nābhirasi kṣitīnāṃ sthūṇeva janām̐ upamidyayantha.

Centre art thou, Vaiśvānara, of the settlements of people, sustaining men like a deep-founded pillar.


ज्यौतिषिक

jyautiṣika (romanization)
ज्यौतिषिकः (nominative singular)
ज्यौतिषिकौ (dual nominative)
ज्यौतिषिका1 (dual nominative)
ज्यौतिषिकाः (nominative plural)
ज्यौतिषिकासः1 (nominative plural)
ज्यौतिषिक (singular vocative)
ज्यौतिषिकौ (dual vocative)
ज्यौतिषिका1 (dual vocative)
ज्यौतिषिकाः (plural vocative)
ज्यौतिषिकासः1 (plural vocative)
ज्यौतिषिकम् (accusative singular)
ज्यौतिषिकौ (accusative dual)
ज्यौतिषिका1 (accusative dual)
ज्यौतिषिकान् (accusative plural)
ज्यौतिषिकेण (instrumental singular)
ज्यौतिषिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्यौतिषिकैः (instrumental plural)
ज्यौतिषिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ज्यौतिषिकाय (dative singular)
ज्यौतिषिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्यौतिषिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्यौतिषिकात् (ablative singular)
ज्यौतिषिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्यौतिषिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्यौतिषिकस्य (genitive singular)
ज्यौतिषिकयोः (dual genitive)
ज्यौतिषिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
ज्यौतिषिके (locative singular)
ज्यौतिषिकयोः (dual locative)
ज्यौतिषिकेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑁄𑀇𑀲𑀺𑀅 (joisia)

Hindi: जोशी (jośī)

→ Kannada: ಜೋಯಿಸ (jōyisa)

Marathi: जोशी (jośī)

Vṛddhi derivative of ज्योतिषिक (jyotiṣika).


ज्योतिषिक

jyotiṣika (romanization)
ज्योतिषिकः (nominative singular)
ज्योतिषिकौ (dual nominative)
ज्योतिषिका1 (dual nominative)
ज्योतिषिकाः (nominative plural)
ज्योतिषिकासः1 (nominative plural)
ज्योतिषिक (singular vocative)
ज्योतिषिकौ (dual vocative)
ज्योतिषिका1 (dual vocative)
ज्योतिषिकाः (plural vocative)
ज्योतिषिकासः1 (plural vocative)
ज्योतिषिकम् (accusative singular)
ज्योतिषिकौ (accusative dual)
ज्योतिषिका1 (accusative dual)
ज्योतिषिकान् (accusative plural)
ज्योतिषिकेण (instrumental singular)
ज्योतिषिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ज्योतिषिकैः (instrumental plural)
ज्योतिषिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ज्योतिषिकाय (dative singular)
ज्योतिषिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ज्योतिषिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
ज्योतिषिकात् (ablative singular)
ज्योतिषिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ज्योतिषिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ज्योतिषिकस्य (genitive singular)
ज्योतिषिकयोः (dual genitive)
ज्योतिषिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
ज्योतिषिके (locative singular)
ज्योतिषिकयोः (dual locative)
ज्योतिषिकेषु (locative plural)


कुक्कुट

sa-noun

कुक्कुट • (kukkuṭá) stem, m (feminine कुक्कुटी)

kukkuṭá (romanization)
कुक्कुटी (feminine)
कुक्कुटः (nominative singular)
कुक्कुटौ (dual nominative)
कुक्कुटा1 (dual nominative)
कुक्कुटाः (nominative plural)
कुक्कुटासः1 (nominative plural)
कुक्कुट (singular vocative)
कुक्कुटौ (dual vocative)
कुक्कुटा1 (dual vocative)
कुक्कुटाः (plural vocative)
कुक्कुटासः1 (plural vocative)
कुक्कुटम् (accusative singular)
कुक्कुटौ (accusative dual)
कुक्कुटा1 (accusative dual)
कुक्कुटान् (accusative plural)
कुक्कुटेन (instrumental singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुक्कुटैः (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुक्कुटाय (dative singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुक्कुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुक्कुटात् (ablative singular)
कुक्कुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुक्कुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुक्कुटस्य (genitive singular)
कुक्कुटयोः (dual genitive)
कुक्कुटानाम् (genitive plural)
कुक्कुटे (locative singular)
कुक्कुटयोः (dual locative)
कुक्कुटेषु (locative plural)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨂𐨐𐨂𐨜 (kukuḍa)

Pali: kukkuṭa

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀟 (kukkuḍa) (see there for further descendants)

→ Hindi: कुक्कुट (kukkuṭ)

→ Telugu: కుక్కుటము (kukkuṭamu)

Onomatopoeic; compare कुक्कुभ (kukkubha).

कुक्कुटोऽसि मधुजिह्व इषमूर्जमावद त्वया वयं संघातं संघातं जेष्म ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 1.16.1

You, cock, sweet-tongued, invoke strength and vigour [by your cackle]; by you, we win battles.

kukkuṭoʼsi madhujihva iṣamūrjamāvada tvayā vayaṃ saṃghātaṃ saṃghātaṃ jeṣma.

ददर्श हरिशार्दूलो मयूरान् कुक्कुटांस्तथा ।
वराहवार्ध्राणसकान् दधिसौवर्चलायुतान् ॥
dadarśa hariśārdūlo mayūrān kukkuṭāṃstathā.

The best monkey saw the meat of peacocks, cocks, pigs and rhinos, mixed with curd and sochal salt.


कुक्कुटान्

sa-noun form

कुक्कुटान् • (kukkuṭān) m

कुक्कुट कुक्कुट#Sanskrit


कुक्कुटस्

कुक्कुटस् • (kukkuṭás) m

कुक्कुट कुक्कुट#Sanskrit

nominative singular of कुक्कुट (kukkuṭá)


वेदन

védana (romanization)
वेदनम् (nominative singular)
वेदने (dual nominative)
वेदनानि (nominative plural)
वेदना1 (nominative plural)
वेदन (singular vocative)
वेदने (dual vocative)
वेदनानि (plural vocative)
वेदना1 (plural vocative)
वेदनम् (accusative singular)
वेदने (accusative dual)
वेदनानि (accusative plural)
वेदना1 (accusative plural)
वेदनेन (instrumental singular)
वेदनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वेदनैः (instrumental plural)
वेदनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वेदनाय (dative singular)
वेदनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वेदनेभ्यः (dative plural)
वेदनात् (ablative singular)
वेदनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वेदनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वेदनस्य (genitive singular)
वेदनयोः (dual genitive)
वेदनानाम् (genitive plural)
वेदने (locative singular)
वेदनयोः (dual locative)
वेदनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈʋeː.d̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/


कुर्कुट

kurkuṭa (romanization)
कुर्कुटः (nominative singular)
कुर्कुटौ (dual nominative)
कुर्कुटाः (nominative plural)
कुर्कुट (singular vocative)
कुर्कुटौ (dual vocative)
कुर्कुटाः (plural vocative)
कुर्कुटम् (accusative singular)
कुर्कुटौ (accusative dual)
कुर्कुटान् (accusative plural)
कुर्कुटेन (instrumental singular)
कुर्कुटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुर्कुटैः (instrumental plural)
कुर्कुटाय (dative singular)
कुर्कुटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुर्कुटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुर्कुटात् (ablative singular)
कुर्कुटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुर्कुटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुर्कुटस्य (genitive singular)
कुर्कुटयोः (dual genitive)
कुर्कुटानाम् (genitive plural)
कुर्कुटे (locative singular)
कुर्कुटयोः (dual locative)
कुर्कुटेषु (locative plural)

c. 300 BCE, Pañcatantra

कुक्कुट कुक्कुट#Sanskrit


योगक्षेम

yogakṣemá (romanization)
योगक्षेमः (nominative singular)
योगक्षेमौ (dual nominative)
योगक्षेमा1 (dual nominative)
योगक्षेमाः (nominative plural)
योगक्षेमासः1 (nominative plural)
योगक्षेम (singular vocative)
योगक्षेमौ (dual vocative)
योगक्षेमा1 (dual vocative)
योगक्षेमाः (plural vocative)
योगक्षेमासः1 (plural vocative)
योगक्षेमम् (accusative singular)
योगक्षेमौ (accusative dual)
योगक्षेमा1 (accusative dual)
योगक्षेमान् (accusative plural)
योगक्षेमेण (instrumental singular)
योगक्षेमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
योगक्षेमैः (instrumental plural)
योगक्षेमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
योगक्षेमाय (dative singular)
योगक्षेमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
योगक्षेमेभ्यः (dative plural)
योगक्षेमात् (ablative singular)
योगक्षेमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
योगक्षेमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
योगक्षेमस्य (genitive singular)
योगक्षेमयोः (dual genitive)
योगक्षेमाणाम् (genitive plural)
योगक्षेमे (locative singular)
योगक्षेमयोः (dual locative)
योगक्षेमेषु (locative plural)

Central:

desc

Hindi: जोखों (jokhõ), जोखिम (jokhim), जोखम (jokham, “charge for securing property from accidents, risk, danger, loss, injury”)

Pali: yogakkhema (“rest after work”)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨩𐨆𐨒𐨹𐨖𐨸𐨅𐨨 (yoǵach̄ema, “security”)

Northern:

Kumaoni: जोखम (jokham, “injury”)

Nepali: जोखिम (jokhim)

Northwestern:

Punjabic:

Lahnda: [script needed] (jokhiõ, “risk”)

Punjabi: ਜੋਖੋਂ (jokhõ, “danger”)

Sindhic:

Sindhi: جوکَمُ (jokho, “risk, danger”), جوکو (jokhimu)

Southern:

Marathi: जोखींव (jokhīuva), जोखीम (jokhīm), जोखम (jokham)

Western:

Gujarati: જોખમ (jokham)

→ Kannada: ಯೋಗಕ್ಷೇಮ (yōgakṣēma, “welfare”)

→ Malayalam: യോഗക്ഷേമം (yōgakṣēmaṁ, “welfare”)

→ Tamil: யோகக்ஷேமம் (yōkakṣēmam, “welfare”), யோகட்சேமம் (yōkaṭcēmam), யோகசேமம் (yōkacēmam)

→ Telugu: యోగక్షేమము (yōgakṣēmamu, “welfare”)

योग (yoga, “yoking, effort”) + क्षेम (kṣema, “welfare, safety, prosperity”).

com

यो॒ग॒क्षे॒मं व॑ आ॒दाया॒हं भू॑यासमुत्त॒म आ वो॑ मू॒र्धान॑मक्रमीम् ।

May I be highest [among you rivals], having gained your secured possessions, my feet have trodden on your heads.

yogakṣemáṃ va ādā́yāháṃ bhūyāsamuttamá ā́ vo mūrdhā́namakramīm.

अनन्याश्चिन्तयन्तो मां ये जनाः पर्युपासते ।
तेषां नित्याभियुक्तानां योगक्षेमं वहाम्यहम् ॥
ananyāścintayanto māṃ ye janāḥ paryupāsate.
teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ yogakṣemaṃ vahāmyaham.
[And the Lord said:] "But those who always worship Me with exclusive devotion, meditating on My transcendental form – to them I carry what they lack, and preserve what they have."

the secure possession of what has been acquired; the acquisition of property and the security thereof

क्रयविक्रयं अध्वानं भक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् ।
योगक्षेमं च संप्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत्करान् ॥
krayavikrayaṃ adhvānaṃ bhaktaṃ ca saparivyayam.

Having well considered [the rates of] purchase and sale, [the length of] the road, [the expense for] food and condiments, the charges of securing the goods, let the king make the traders pay duty.

yogakṣemaṃ ca saṃprekṣya vaṇijo dāpayetkarān.

the charge for securing property against accidents; insurance

आऽस्मिन् राष्ट्रे राजन्य इषव्यः शूरो महारथो जायताम् । दोग्ध्री धेनुः । वोढाऽनड्वान् आशुः सप्तिः पुरंधिर्योषा जिष्णू रथेष्ठाः सभेयो युवा । आऽस्य यजमानस्य वीरो जायताम् । निकामेनिकामे नः पर्जन्यो वर्षतु फलिन्यो न ओषधयः पच्यन्ताम् । योगक्षेमो नः कल्पताम् ॥

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VII.5.18

In this kingdom may a prince [who is bent on ruling] be born, an archer [who is able to shoot arrows], a hero [who is bent on excelling in battle], and a great chariot-fighter [who is bent on fighting]; a milk cow who will yield milk; a draught ox [who is bent on plowing]; a swift racer [who is bent on running]; a young woman who is fertile; a victorious warrior [who is bent on winning]; a youth fit for the assembly [who is bent on speaking well]. To this worshipper be a hero born. May Parjanya rain for us whensoever we desire. May our plants ripen with fruit. May peace and prosperity be ours.

ā́smín rāṣṭré rājanyà iṣavyàḥ śū́ro mahārathó jāyatām. dógdhrī dhenúḥ. vóḍhānaḍvā́n. ā́śuḥ sáptiḥ. púraṃdhiryóṣā. jiṣṇū́ ratheṣṭhā́ḥ. sabhéyo yúvā. ā́syá yájamānasya vīró jāyatām. nikāménikāme naḥ parjányo varṣatu phalínyo na óṣadhayaḥ pacyantām. yogakṣemó naḥ kalpatām.