पीत

pīta (romanization)
पीतः (nominative singular)
पीतौ (dual nominative)
पीता1 (dual nominative)
पीताः (nominative plural)
पीतासः1 (nominative plural)
पीत (singular vocative)
पीतौ (dual vocative)
पीता1 (dual vocative)
पीताः (plural vocative)
पीतासः1 (plural vocative)
पीतम् (accusative singular)
पीतौ (accusative dual)
पीता1 (accusative dual)
पीतान् (accusative plural)
पीतेन (instrumental singular)
पीताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीतैः (instrumental plural)
पीतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पीताय (dative singular)
पीताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीतेभ्यः (dative plural)
पीतात् (ablative singular)
पीताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीतस्य (genitive singular)
पीतयोः (dual genitive)
पीतानाम् (genitive plural)
पीते (locative singular)
पीतयोः (dual locative)
पीतेषु (locative plural)

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to पित्त (pitta, “bile”), and along with it, derived from the root पी (pī, “to swell, fatten”) with semantic shift "fat" > "the color of fat (like butter and oil)" > "yellow". It is also possible that पित्त (pitta) is the original term, with पीत (pīta) a derivative of it; in this case, whether पित्त (pitta) derives from पी (pī) is less clear.


त्रिपुण्ड्र

त्रि (tri) + पुण्ड्र (puṇḍra)

affix

त्रि (tri) + पुण्ड्र (puṇḍra)

Three curved horizontal marks, made across the forehead with cowdung, etc. They are worn especially by the followers of Shiva, or Shakti, and are indispensable in proceeding to worship the former


𑀧𑁆𑀭𑁂𑀫𑀦𑁆

प्रेमन् प्रेमन्#Sanskrit

Brahmi script form of प्रेमन् (“love, affection”)


𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀼𑀢𑀺

स्तुति स्तुति#Sanskrit


एकाह

ekāha (romanization)
एकाहः (nominative singular)
एकाहौ (dual nominative)
एकाहा1 (dual nominative)
एकाहाः (nominative plural)
एकाहासः1 (nominative plural)
एकाह (singular vocative)
एकाहौ (dual vocative)
एकाहा1 (dual vocative)
एकाहाः (plural vocative)
एकाहासः1 (plural vocative)
एकाहम् (accusative singular)
एकाहौ (accusative dual)
एकाहा1 (accusative dual)
एकाहान् (accusative plural)
एकाहेन (instrumental singular)
एकाहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एकाहैः (instrumental plural)
एकाहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
एकाहाय (dative singular)
एकाहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एकाहेभ्यः (dative plural)
एकाहात् (ablative singular)
एकाहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एकाहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
एकाहस्य (genitive singular)
एकाहयोः (dual genitive)
एकाहानाम् (genitive plural)
एकाहे (locative singular)
एकाहयोः (dual locative)
एकाहेषु (locative plural)

a Soma sacrifice in which Soma is prepared during one day only


स्तोम

stóma (romanization)
स्तु (root)
स्तोमः (nominative singular)
स्तोमौ (dual nominative)
स्तोमा1 (dual nominative)
स्तोमाः (nominative plural)
स्तोमासः1 (nominative plural)
स्तोम (singular vocative)
स्तोमौ (dual vocative)
स्तोमा1 (dual vocative)
स्तोमाः (plural vocative)
स्तोमासः1 (plural vocative)
स्तोमम् (accusative singular)
स्तोमौ (accusative dual)
स्तोमा1 (accusative dual)
स्तोमान् (accusative plural)
स्तोमेन (instrumental singular)
स्तोमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तोमैः (instrumental plural)
स्तोमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्तोमाय (dative singular)
स्तोमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तोमेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तोमात् (ablative singular)
स्तोमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तोमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तोमस्य (genitive singular)
स्तोमयोः (dual genitive)
स्तोमानाम् (genitive plural)
स्तोमे (locative singular)
स्तोमयोः (dual locative)
स्तोमेषु (locative plural)

From the root स्तु (stu, “to praise, laud”) + -म (-ma).

sa-root

ए॒तं ते॒ स्तोमं॑ तुविजात॒ विप्रो॒ रथं॒ न धीर॒: स्वपा॑ अतक्षम्।
यदीद॑ग्ने॒ प्रति॒ त्वं दे॑व॒ हर्या॒: स्व॑र्वतीर॒प ए॑ना जयेम॥
etáṃ te stómaṃ tuvijāta vípro ráthaṃ ná dhī́ra: svápā atakṣam.

This praise have I, a devout worshipper, composed for you, (Agni), who are born with many (faculties), as a steady dexterous (artisan fabricates) a car; if, divine Agni, you approve of it, then may we obtain abundant flowing water.

yádī́dagne práti tváṃ deva háryā: svàrvatīrapá enā jayema.

a fundamental form of chant in Vedic ritual consisting of 7 parts


प्रत्युत्पन्न

pratyutpanna (romanization)
प्रत्युत्पन्नम् (nominative singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्ने (dual nominative)
प्रत्युत्पन्नानि (nominative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्ना1 (nominative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्न (singular vocative)
प्रत्युत्पन्ने (dual vocative)
प्रत्युत्पन्नानि (plural vocative)
प्रत्युत्पन्ना1 (plural vocative)
प्रत्युत्पन्नम् (accusative singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्ने (accusative dual)
प्रत्युत्पन्नानि (accusative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्ना1 (accusative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्नेन (instrumental singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रत्युत्पन्नैः (instrumental plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्नाय (dative singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रत्युत्पन्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्नात् (ablative singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रत्युत्पन्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्नस्य (genitive singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्नयोः (dual genitive)
प्रत्युत्पन्नानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रत्युत्पन्ने (locative singular)
प्रत्युत्पन्नयोः (dual locative)
प्रत्युत्पन्नेषु (locative plural)

From प्रति- (prati-) + उद्- (ud-) + पन्न (panna, “made; gone”), past passive participle from the root पद् (pad).

affix

(arithmetic) multiplication; product (the result of multiplication)


मर्कट

म॒र्कट॑ (canonical)
markáṭa (romanization)
मर्कटः (nominative singular)
मर्कटौ (dual nominative)
मर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
मर्कटाः (nominative plural)
मर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
मर्कट (singular vocative)
मर्कटौ (dual vocative)
मर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
मर्कटाः (plural vocative)
मर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)
मर्कटम् (accusative singular)
मर्कटौ (accusative dual)
मर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
मर्कटान् (accusative plural)
मर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
मर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मर्कटाय (dative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
मर्कटात् (ablative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
मर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
मर्कटे (locative singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual locative)
मर्कटेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: makẉui, [script needed] (makäŕ)

Kalami: [script needed] (makīr)

desc

Kalasha: [script needed] (mŕāko), [script needed] (makŕṓŕyak)

Khowar: [script needed] (mukuḷ)

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (makṓṛ)

Phalura: máakaṛ

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa), 𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀟 (maṃkaḍa), 𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀡 (maṃkaṇa), 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟𑀻 f (makkaḍī) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Khotanese: makala

→ Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri: [script needed] (makeŕ)

Kamviri: [script needed] (māgŕə̃)

Waigali: [script needed] (mákäŕ)

→ Sogdian: [script needed] (mkrʾ)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit मर्क (marka)?
Sanskrit -ट (-ṭa)?
Sanskrit म॒र्कट॑ (markáṭa)
Uncertain. Compare मर्क (marka, “monkey”).
* Burrow and Gundert take the word as borrowed from Dravidian; compare Malayalam മൊങ്ങ (moṅṅa), Kannada ಮಂಗ (maṅga, “ape”). Per Turner, this implies extension मर्क (marka) + -ट (-ṭa). Mayrhofer is not entirely convinced.
** Subrahmanyam considers it to be a compound mar-kaṭa with the initial being from Proto-Dravidian *maran (“tree”) and latter possibly from Tamil கட (kaṭa, “cross”), which the original meaning of "one living on trees".
* Kuiper proposes a prefixed form of a Munda term that also gave rise to किट (kiṭa, “a kind of ape”).
* Similarities to Old Chinese 沐猴 (OC *moːɡ ɡoː, “macaque”) / 母猴 (OC *mɯʔ ɡoː, “female monkey”) have also been noted, with the ultimate source language perhaps lost to history.
* Finally, some have connected the word to German Meerkatze (“guenon (a kind of monkey)”) and English meerkat; note however the form of Old High German merikazza, so any influence from Indo-Aryan would have to be exceptionally early.
The "type of bird" meaning listed by lexicographers is probably from a misinterpretation of the "monkey" meaning.

etymon

म॒र्कट॑

cog

/mɐɾ.kɐ́.ʈɐ/

/ˈmɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)

Ṣaḍviṃśa Brāhmaṇa


मर्कट

markaṭa (romanization)
मर्कटः (nominative singular)
मर्कटौ (dual nominative)
मर्कटा1 (dual nominative)
मर्कटाः (nominative plural)
मर्कटासः1 (nominative plural)
मर्कट (singular vocative)
मर्कटौ (dual vocative)
मर्कटा1 (dual vocative)
मर्कटाः (plural vocative)
मर्कटासः1 (plural vocative)
मर्कटम् (accusative singular)
मर्कटौ (accusative dual)
मर्कटा1 (accusative dual)
मर्कटान् (accusative plural)
मर्कटेन (instrumental singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मर्कटैः (instrumental plural)
मर्कटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मर्कटाय (dative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (dative plural)
मर्कटात् (ablative singular)
मर्कटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मर्कटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मर्कटस्य (genitive singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual genitive)
मर्कटानाम् (genitive plural)
मर्कटे (locative singular)
मर्कटयोः (dual locative)
मर्कटेषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 (makkaḍa), 𑀫𑀁𑀓𑀟 (maṃkaḍa) (see there for further descendants)

Pali: makkaṭa

→ Lü: ᦙᦅᦎ (mkṫ)

→ Lü: ᦙᦅᦎ (mkṫ)

Uncertain. Not related to Etymology 1 above.
* Kuiper proposes a prefixed form of a Munda word of the form *कोडिक (koḍika), whose form has been preserved in कोलिक (kolika, “weaver; spider”) and मत्कोटक (matkoṭaka, “spider”) (whence Prakrit 𑀫𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄𑀟𑀸 (makkoḍā)).
* Turner compares the word to मत्कोटक (matkoṭaka) and मत्कुण (matkuṇa, “bedbug”). He mentions Kuiper's proposal but is noncommital.

/mɐɾ.kɐ́.ʈɐ/

/ˈmɐɾ.kɐ.ʈɐ/


वयस्

váyas (romanization)
वयः (nominative singular)
वयसी (dual nominative)
वयांसि (nominative plural)
वयः (singular vocative)
वयसी (dual vocative)
वयांसि (plural vocative)
वयः (accusative singular)
वयसी (accusative dual)
वयांसि (accusative plural)
वयसा (instrumental singular)
वयोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वयोभिः (instrumental plural)
वयसे (dative singular)
वयोभ्याम् (dative dual)
वयोभ्यः (dative plural)
वयसः (ablative singular)
वयोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वयोभ्यः (ablative plural)
वयसः (genitive singular)
वयसोः (dual genitive)
वयसाम् (genitive plural)
वयसि (locative singular)
वयसोः (dual locative)
वयःसु (locative plural)

Pali: vaya

→ Malay: baya

Indonesian: baya

desctree

→ Old Javanese: wayah
Javanese: ꦮꦪꦃ (wayah, “time”)
→ Balinese: ᬯᬬᬄ (wayah, “old; grandfather”)

→ Thai: วัย (wai)

→ Assamese: বয়স (boyox) (learned)

→ Bengali: বয়স (boẏoś) (learned)

→ Gujarati: વય (vaya) (learned)

→ Hindi: वयस् (vayas) (learned)

→ Kannada: ವಯಸ್ಸು (vayassu) (learned)

→ Magahi: 𑂥𑂨𑂮 (bayas) (learned)

→ Malayalam: വയസ്സ് (vayassŭ) (learned)

→ Marathi: वय (vay) (learned)

→ Tamil: வயசு (vayacu) (learned)

→ Telugu: వయసు (vayasu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáyHas, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁os. Cognate with Latin vīs. Equivalent to वी (vī, root) + -अस् (-as).


वयस्

vayas (romanization)
वयः (nominative singular)
वयसी (dual nominative)
वयांसि (nominative plural)
वयः (singular vocative)
वयसी (dual vocative)
वयांसि (plural vocative)
वयः (accusative singular)
वयसी (accusative dual)
वयांसि (accusative plural)
वयसा (instrumental singular)
वयोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वयोभिः (instrumental plural)
वयसे (dative singular)
वयोभ्याम् (dative dual)
वयोभ्यः (dative plural)
वयसः (ablative singular)
वयोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वयोभ्यः (ablative plural)
वयसः (genitive singular)
वयसोः (dual genitive)
वयसाम् (genitive plural)
वयसि (locative singular)
वयसोः (dual locative)
वयःसु (locative plural)

From the nominative plural of वि (vi, “bird”).


श्वानी

sa-noun

श्वानी • (śvānī) stem, f (masculine श्वान)

śvānī (romanization)
श्वान (masculine)
श्वानी (nominative singular)
श्वान्यौ (dual nominative)
श्वानी1 (dual nominative)
श्वान्यः (nominative plural)
श्वानीः1 (nominative plural)
श्वानि (singular vocative)
श्वान्यौ (dual vocative)
श्वानी1 (dual vocative)
श्वान्यः (plural vocative)
श्वानीः1 (plural vocative)
श्वानीम् (accusative singular)
श्वान्यौ (accusative dual)
श्वानी1 (accusative dual)
श्वानीः (accusative plural)
श्वान्या (instrumental singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्वानीभिः (instrumental plural)
श्वान्यै (dative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (dative plural)
श्वान्याः (ablative singular)
श्वान्यै2 (ablative singular)
श्वानीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्वानीभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्वान्याः (genitive singular)
श्वान्यै2 (genitive singular)
श्वान्योः (dual genitive)
श्वानीनाम् (genitive plural)
श्वान्याम् (locative singular)
श्वान्योः (dual locative)
श्वानीषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀻 (sāṇī)

/ˈɕʋɑː.n̪iː/


नकुल

नकुल • (nakulá) stem, m (feminine नकुली)

nakulá (romanization)
नकुली (feminine)
नकुलः (nominative singular)
नकुलौ (dual nominative)
नकुला1 (dual nominative)
नकुलाः (nominative plural)
नकुलासः1 (nominative plural)
नकुल (singular vocative)
नकुलौ (dual vocative)
नकुला1 (dual vocative)
नकुलाः (plural vocative)
नकुलासः1 (plural vocative)
नकुलम् (accusative singular)
नकुलौ (accusative dual)
नकुला1 (accusative dual)
नकुलान् (accusative plural)
नकुलेन (instrumental singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नकुलैः (instrumental plural)
नकुलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नकुलाय (dative singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नकुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
नकुलात् (ablative singular)
नकुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नकुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नकुलस्य (genitive singular)
नकुलयोः (dual genitive)
नकुलानाम् (genitive plural)
नकुले (locative singular)
नकुलयोः (dual locative)
नकुलेषु (locative plural)

Unknown. Pāṇini suggests न (na, “no”) + कुल (kula, “family”), but this is probably folk etymology.

यथा नकुलो विछिद्य संदधात्यहिं पुनः।
एवा कामस्य विछिन्नं सं धेहि वीर्यावति॥
yathā nakulo vichidya saṃdadhātyahiṃ punaḥ.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.139.5

Like the mongoose who, having torn apart the snake, puts it back together,
May you in such manner join the broken shards of longing into a bond of strength.

evā kāmasya vichinnaṃ saṃ dhehi vīryāvati.

मत्स्यान् आदायागम्य नकुलविवराद् आरभ्य सर्पविवरं यावत् पङ्क्तिक्रमेणैकैकशो मत्स्यान् विस्तीर्य धत्त ।

c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 4.24.74

After fetching some fish, you place them one by one in a line copiously, starting from the mongoose-den all the way to the snake-hole.

matsyān ādāyāgamya nakulavivarād ārabhya sarpavivaraṃ yāvat paṅktikrameṇaikaikaśo matsyān vistīrya dhatta.

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

नाकुली नाकुली#Sanskrit

Any of genus Urva (split from genus Herpestes) of Asian mongooses, predators of mice and of serpents from whose venom it protects itself by a medicinal plant called नाकुली (nākulī))

Lexicographers, Various Works

c. 200 CE, Lalitavistara Sūtra

Lexicographers, Various Works


नना

nanā́ (romanization)
नना (nominative singular)
नने (dual nominative)
ननाः (nominative plural)
नने (singular vocative)
नने (dual vocative)
ननाः (plural vocative)
ननाम् (accusative singular)
नने (accusative dual)
ननाः (accusative plural)
ननया (instrumental singular)
नना1 (instrumental singular)
ननाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ननाभिः (instrumental plural)
ननायै (dative singular)
ननाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ननाभ्यः (dative plural)
ननायाः (ablative singular)
ननायै2 (ablative singular)
ननाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ननाभ्यः (ablative plural)
ननायाः (genitive singular)
ननायै2 (genitive singular)
ननयोः (dual genitive)
ननानाम् (genitive plural)
ननायाम् (locative singular)
ननयोः (dual locative)
ननासु (locative plural)

Khowar: نَن (nan)

From Proto-Indo-European *nan(n)-eh₂- (“mother; older female relative”), imitative of baby-talk. Compare Albanian nënë (“mother”), Shughni на̄н (nān, “mother”), Serbo-Croatian nána (“mother”), English nanny, Ancient Greek νίννη (nínnē), νάννη (nánnē), Messapic ana, Welsh nain, Persian ننه (nane), Ukrainian неня (nenja), Russian няня (njanja).

onomatopoeic

imitative

कारुरहं ततो भिषगुपलप्रक्षिणी नना।
नानाधियोवसूयवो अनु घा इव तस्थिमेन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव॥
kārurahaṃ tato bhiṣagupalaprakṣiṇī nanā.

I am a poet, my father is a physician and my mother lays corn upon the stones.
Striving for wealth, with varied plans, we follow our desires like kine. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.

nānādhiyovasūyavo anu ghā iva tasthimendrāyendo pari srava.


प्रतिबिम्ब

pratibimba (romanization)
प्रतिबिम्बम् (nominative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बे (dual nominative)
प्रतिबिम्बानि (nominative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (nominative plural)
प्रतिबिम्ब (singular vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बे (dual vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बानि (plural vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (plural vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बम् (accusative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बे (accusative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बानि (accusative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (accusative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बेन (instrumental singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतिबिम्बैः (instrumental plural)
प्रतिबिम्बेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रतिबिम्बाय (dative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बात् (ablative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बस्य (genitive singular)
प्रतिबिम्बयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतिबिम्बानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतिबिम्बे (locative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बयोः (dual locative)
प्रतिबिम्बेषु (locative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बः (nominative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बौ (dual nominative)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (dual nominative)
प्रतिबिम्बाः (nominative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रतिबिम्ब (singular vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बौ (dual vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (dual vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बाः (plural vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रतिबिम्बम् (accusative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बौ (accusative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बा1 (accusative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बान् (accusative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बेन (instrumental singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतिबिम्बैः (instrumental plural)
प्रतिबिम्बेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रतिबिम्बाय (dative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बात् (ablative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतिबिम्बेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतिबिम्बस्य (genitive singular)
प्रतिबिम्बयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतिबिम्बानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतिबिम्बे (locative singular)
प्रतिबिम्बयोः (dual locative)
प्रतिबिम्बेषु (locative plural)

यत्तद्यतिवरा युक्ता ध्यानयोगबलान्विताः ।
प्रतिबिम्बम् इवादर्शे पश्यन्त्यात्मन्यवस्थितम् ॥
yattadyativarā yuktā dhyānayogabalānvitāḥ.
pratibimbam ivādarśe paśyantyātmanyavasthitam.
(It tells of) the very object that the saints – dedicated to asceticism and endowed with dhyāna, yoga, and bala –

see inside the soul's domain as if (viewing) an image in the mirror.

इत्युक्त्वा तस्मिन्कूपजले तस्यैव प्रतिबिम्बं दर्शितवान् ।

c. 800 CE – 950 CE, Nārāyaṇa, Hitopadeśa 2.13.37

After saying these words, he saw his own reflection in the water inside that well.

ityuktvā tasminkūpajale tasyaiva pratibimbaṃ darśitavān.

reflected image; reflection; mirrored form


छाग

/ˈt͡ɕʰɑː.ɡɐ/


अनुष्टुभ्

sa-noun

अनुष्टुभ् • (anuṣṭúbh) stem, f

anuṣṭúbh (romanization)
अनुष्टुप् (nominative singular)
अनुष्टुक् (nominative singular)
अनुष्टुभौ (dual nominative)
अनुष्टुभा1 (dual nominative)
अनुष्टुभः (nominative plural)
अनुष्टुप् (singular vocative)
अनुष्टुभौ (dual vocative)
अनुष्टुभा1 (dual vocative)
अनुष्टुभः (plural vocative)
अनुष्टुभम् (accusative singular)
अनुष्टुभौ (accusative dual)
अनुष्टुभा1 (accusative dual)
अनुष्टुभः (accusative plural)
अनुष्टुभा (instrumental singular)
अनुष्टुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनुष्टुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनुष्टुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
अनुष्टुभे (dative singular)
अनुष्टुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
अनुष्टुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
अनुष्टुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
अनुष्टुभः (ablative singular)
अनुष्टुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनुष्टुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनुष्टुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
अनुष्टुभः (genitive singular)
अनुष्टुभोः (dual genitive)
अनुष्टुभाम् (genitive plural)
अनुष्टुभि (locative singular)
अनुष्टुभोः (dual locative)
अनुष्टुप्सु (locative plural)

Traditionally explained as अनु- (anu-, “after”) + स्तुभ् (stubh, “to praise; to utter a joyful sound”, root), literally “following in praise”, referring to the way it follows the three-pāda (8-syllable unit) गायत्री (gāyatrī) with its four pādas.

prefix

अ॒ग्नेर्गा॑य॒त्र्य॑भवत्स॒युग्वो॒ष्णिह॑या सवि॒ता सं ब॑भूव।
अ॒नु॒ष्टुभा॒ सोम॑ उ॒क्थैर्मह॑स्वा॒न्बृह॒स्पते॑र्बृह॒ती वाच॑मावत्॥
agnérgāyatryàbhavatsayúgvoṣṇíhayā savitā́ sáṃ babhūva.
anuṣṭúbhā sóma ukthaírmáhasvānbṛ́haspáterbṛhatī́ vā́camāvat.
Closely was Gāyatrī conjoined with Agni, and closely Savitā combined with Usnih.

Brilliant with Ukthas, Soma joined Anuṣṭubh: Bṛhaspati's voice by Bṛhati was aided.

(prosody) the Anuṣṭubh (a category of poetic measures characterised by 32-syllable verses)


स्वप्नदोष

स्वप्न (svapna, “sleep”) + दोष (doṣa, “fault”)

affix

nocturnal emission, night emission, pollutio nocturna


सरित्

sarít (romanization)
सरित् (nominative singular)
सरितौ (dual nominative)
सरिता1 (dual nominative)
सरितः (nominative plural)
सरित् (singular vocative)
सरितौ (dual vocative)
सरिता1 (dual vocative)
सरितः (plural vocative)
सरितम् (accusative singular)
सरितौ (accusative dual)
सरिता1 (accusative dual)
सरितः (accusative plural)
सरिता (instrumental singular)
सरिद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सरिद्भिः (instrumental plural)
सरिते (dative singular)
सरिद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
सरिद्भ्यः (dative plural)
सरितः (ablative singular)
सरिद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
सरिद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
सरितः (genitive singular)
सरितोः (dual genitive)
सरिताम् (genitive plural)
सरिति (locative singular)
सरितोः (dual locative)
सरित्सु (locative plural)

Pali: saritā

From the root सृ (sṛ, “to flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser- or possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *sélos and related to सलिल (salila).

स॒म्यक्स्र॑वन्ति स॒रितो॒ न धेना॑ अ॒न्तर्हृ॒दा मन॑सा पू॒यमा॑नाः ।
ए॒ते अ॑र्षन्त्यू॒र्मयो॑ घृ॒तस्य॑ मृ॒गा इ॑व क्षिप॒णोरीष॑माणाः ॥
samyáksravanti saríto ná dhénā antárhṛdā́ mánasā pūyámānāḥ.

Like rivers our libations flow together, cleansing themselves in inmost heart and spirit.
The streams of holy oil pour swiftly downward like the wild beasts that fly before the bowman.

eté arṣantyūrmáyo ghṛtásya mṛgā́ iva kṣipaṇórī́ṣamāṇāḥ.

यावत् स्थास्यन्ति गिरयस् सरितश् च महीतले ।
तावद् रामायणकथा लोकेषु प्रचरिष्यति ॥
yāvat sthāsyanti girayas saritaś ca mahītale.
tāvad rāmāyaṇakathā lokeṣu pracariṣyati.
As long as hills and rivers remain on the surface of the Earth,

The story of Rāmāyaṇa shall spread among the humankind.


अपस्

ápas (romanization)
अपः (nominative singular)
अपसी (dual nominative)
अपांसि (nominative plural)
अपः (singular vocative)
अपसी (dual vocative)
अपांसि (plural vocative)
अपः (accusative singular)
अपसी (accusative dual)
अपांसि (accusative plural)
अपसा (instrumental singular)
अपोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अपोभिः (instrumental plural)
अपसे (dative singular)
अपोभ्याम् (dative dual)
अपोभ्यः (dative plural)
अपसः (ablative singular)
अपोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अपोभ्यः (ablative plural)
अपसः (genitive singular)
अपसोः (dual genitive)
अपसाम् (genitive plural)
अपसि (locative singular)
अपसोः (dual locative)
अपःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ép-os (“work”), from *h₃ep- (“to work”). Cognate with Latin opus (“work”), whence also ops and omnis.


भर्गस्

bhárgas (romanization)
भर्गः (nominative singular)
भर्गसी (dual nominative)
भर्गांसि (nominative plural)
भर्गः (singular vocative)
भर्गसी (dual vocative)
भर्गांसि (plural vocative)
भर्गः (accusative singular)
भर्गसी (accusative dual)
भर्गांसि (accusative plural)
भर्गसा (instrumental singular)
भर्गोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भर्गोभिः (instrumental plural)
भर्गसे (dative singular)
भर्गोभ्याम् (dative dual)
भर्गोभ्यः (dative plural)
भर्गसः (ablative singular)
भर्गोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भर्गोभ्यः (ablative plural)
भर्गसः (genitive singular)
भर्गसोः (dual genitive)
भर्गसाम् (genitive plural)
भर्गसि (locative singular)
भर्गसोः (dual locative)
भर्गःसु (locative plural)

/ˈbʱɐɾ.ɡɐs̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰélg-os ~ bʰélg-es-, from *bʰel- (“to shine”).

inh

तत्स॑वि॒तुर्वरे॑ण्यं॒ भर्गो॑ दे॒वस्य॑ धीमहि ।
धियो॒ यो नः॑ प्रचो॒दया॑त् ॥
tátsavitúrváreṇyaṃ bhárgo devásya dhīmahi.
dhíyo yó naḥ pracodáyāt.

Let's hold in mind the praiseworthy light of the divine Savitṛ,

radiance; splendour; lustre; glorious form


विवेको

विवेक विवेक#Sanskrit

sandhi form of nominative singular of विवेक (viveka)


कर्तृ

kartṛ́ (romanization)
कर्ता (nominative singular)
कर्तारौ (dual nominative)
कर्तारा1 (dual nominative)
कर्तारः (nominative plural)
कर्तः (singular vocative)
कर्तारौ (dual vocative)
कर्तारा1 (dual vocative)
कर्तारः (plural vocative)
कर्तारम् (accusative singular)
कर्तारौ (accusative dual)
कर्तारा1 (accusative dual)
कर्तॄन् (accusative plural)
कर्त्रा (instrumental singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
कर्त्रे (dative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्तुः (ablative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्तुः (genitive singular)
कर्त्रोः (dual genitive)
कर्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
कर्तरि (locative singular)
कर्त्रोः (dual locative)
कर्तृषु (locative plural)
कर्ता (nominative singular)
कर्तारौ (dual nominative)
कर्तारा1 (dual nominative)
कर्तारः (nominative plural)
कर्तः (singular vocative)
कर्तारौ (dual vocative)
कर्तारा1 (dual vocative)
कर्तारः (plural vocative)
कर्तारम् (accusative singular)
कर्तारौ (accusative dual)
कर्तारा1 (accusative dual)
कर्तॄः (accusative plural)
कर्त्रा (instrumental singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
कर्त्रे (dative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्तुः (ablative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्तुः (genitive singular)
कर्त्रोः (dual genitive)
कर्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
कर्तरि (locative singular)
कर्त्रोः (dual locative)
कर्तृषु (locative plural)
कर्तृ (nominative singular)
कर्तृणी (dual nominative)
कर्तॄणि (nominative plural)
कर्तृ (singular vocative)
कर्तः (singular vocative)
कर्तृणी (dual vocative)
कर्तॄणि (plural vocative)
कर्तृ (accusative singular)
कर्तृणी (accusative dual)
कर्तॄणि (accusative plural)
कर्तृणा (instrumental singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कर्तृभिः (instrumental plural)
कर्तृणे (dative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (dative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (dative plural)
कर्तृणः (ablative singular)
कर्तृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कर्तृभ्यः (ablative plural)
कर्तृणः (genitive singular)
कर्तृणोः (dual genitive)
कर्तॄणाम् (genitive plural)
कर्तृणि (locative singular)
कर्तृणोः (dual locative)
कर्तृषु (locative plural)

From कृ (kṛ, “to do; to make”, root) + -तृ (-tṛ, agent suffix) with guṇa. Compare Latin creātor.

suffix

maker; doer; agent; author (one who does, makes, or acts)

(grammar, in the masculine) the agent of an action; the active noun; the subject


महीरजस्

mahīrajas (romanization)
महीरजः (nominative singular)
महीरजसी (dual nominative)
महीरजांसि (nominative plural)
महीरजः (singular vocative)
महीरजसी (dual vocative)
महीरजांसि (plural vocative)
महीरजः (accusative singular)
महीरजसी (accusative dual)
महीरजांसि (accusative plural)
महीरजसा (instrumental singular)
महीरजोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
महीरजोभिः (instrumental plural)
महीरजसे (dative singular)
महीरजोभ्याम् (dative dual)
महीरजोभ्यः (dative plural)
महीरजसः (ablative singular)
महीरजोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
महीरजोभ्यः (ablative plural)
महीरजसः (genitive singular)
महीरजसोः (dual genitive)
महीरजसाम् (genitive plural)
महीरजसि (locative singular)
महीरजसोः (dual locative)
महीरजःसु (locative plural)

/mɐˈɦiː.ɾɐ.d͡ʑɐs̪/

Compound of मही (mahī́, “earth”) + रजस् (rájas, “dust”).

com

c. 250 CE – 700 CE, Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa


स्फटिक

sphaṭika (romanization)
स्फटिकः (nominative singular)
स्फटिकौ (dual nominative)
स्फटिका1 (dual nominative)
स्फटिकाः (nominative plural)
स्फटिकासः1 (nominative plural)
स्फटिक (singular vocative)
स्फटिकौ (dual vocative)
स्फटिका1 (dual vocative)
स्फटिकाः (plural vocative)
स्फटिकासः1 (plural vocative)
स्फटिकम् (accusative singular)
स्फटिकौ (accusative dual)
स्फटिका1 (accusative dual)
स्फटिकान् (accusative plural)
स्फटिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्फटिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्फटिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्फटिकाय (dative singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्फटिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्फटिकात् (ablative singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्फटिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्फटिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्फटिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्फटिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्फटिके (locative singular)
स्फटिकयोः (dual locative)
स्फटिकेषु (locative plural)
स्फटिकम् (nominative singular)
स्फटिके (dual nominative)
स्फटिकानि (nominative plural)
स्फटिका1 (nominative plural)
स्फटिक (singular vocative)
स्फटिके (dual vocative)
स्फटिकानि (plural vocative)
स्फटिका1 (plural vocative)
स्फटिकम् (accusative singular)
स्फटिके (accusative dual)
स्फटिकानि (accusative plural)
स्फटिका1 (accusative plural)
स्फटिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्फटिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्फटिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्फटिकाय (dative singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्फटिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्फटिकात् (ablative singular)
स्फटिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्फटिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्फटिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्फटिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्फटिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्फटिके (locative singular)
स्फटिकयोः (dual locative)
स्फटिकेषु (locative plural)

Pali: phalika, phalikā, phaḷika

→ Khmer: ផលិក (phɑɑphɑlək)

→ Thai: ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k)

Prakrit: 𑀨𑀮𑀺𑀳 (phaliha), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀕 (phāliga), 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia), etc.

→ Middle Chinese: 頗黎 (MC pha lej), 頗梨柯 (MC pha lij ka), 玻璃 (MC pha lje)

Chinese: 玻璃 (“glass”)

→ Middle Chinese: 頗胝迦 (MC pha trij kae), 塞頗胝迦 (MC sok pha trij kae)

Unknown. The word is traditionally associated with the root स्फट् (sphaṭ, “to burst forth”), possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)bʰel- (“to burst forth”) with a -t- extension.

der

नीहारधूमार्कानिलानलानां खद्योतविद्युत्स्फटिकशशीनाम् ।
एतानि रूपाणि पुरःसराणि ब्रह्मण्यभिव्यक्तिकराणि योगे ॥
nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṃ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām.

c. 500 BCE – 300 BCE, Śvetāśvataropaniṣad 2.11

Mist-smoke-sunshine-wind-fires, firefly-lightning-crystal-moons,
These forms in yoga are the forerunners, bringers of manifestation unto brahman.

etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge.

आस्यात्सुगन्धि तेजश्च अस्थिभ्यो देवदारु च ।
श्लेष्मणः स्फटिकं तस्य पित्तान्मरकतं तथा ॥
āsyātsugandhi tejaśca asthibhyo devadāru ca.

From (his) mouth (came) the fragrant heat, his bones the deodar tree,
His phlegm the quartz, and likewise his bile the emerald.

śleṣmaṇaḥ sphaṭikaṃ tasya pittānmarakataṃ tathā.

शुद्धस्फटिको मूलाटवर्णः शीतवृष्टिः सूर्यकान्तश्च । इति मणयः ॥
śuddhasphaṭiko mūlāṭavarṇaḥ śītavṛṣṭiḥ sūryakāntaśca. iti maṇayaḥ.
The pure crystal, the mūlāṭavarṇa, the śītavṛṣṭi ("cool-rainwater"), and the sun-stone; such are the gems.

c. 400 BCE – 200 CE, Cāṇakya, Arthaśāstra 2.11.32


पिटक

piṭaka (romanization)
पिटकः (nominative singular)
पिटकौ (dual nominative)
पिटकाः (nominative plural)
पिटक (singular vocative)
पिटकौ (dual vocative)
पिटकाः (plural vocative)
पिटकम् (accusative singular)
पिटकौ (accusative dual)
पिटकान् (accusative plural)
पिटकेन (instrumental singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिटकैः (instrumental plural)
पिटकाय (dative singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिटकात् (ablative singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिटकस्य (genitive singular)
पिटकयोः (dual genitive)
पिटकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिटके (locative singular)
पिटकयोः (dual locative)
पिटकेषु (locative plural)
पिटकम् (nominative singular)
पिटके (dual nominative)
पिटकानि (nominative plural)
पिटक (singular vocative)
पिटके (dual vocative)
पिटकानि (plural vocative)
पिटकम् (accusative singular)
पिटके (accusative dual)
पिटकानि (accusative plural)
पिटकेन (instrumental singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिटकैः (instrumental plural)
पिटकाय (dative singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिटकेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिटकात् (ablative singular)
पिटकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिटकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिटकस्य (genitive singular)
पिटकयोः (dual genitive)
पिटकानाम् (genitive plural)
पिटके (locative singular)
पिटकयोः (dual locative)
पिटकेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पिटक

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">पिटक</i>

Pali: piṭaka

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *pirtakas, of uncertain ultimate origin; Turner suggests a non-Indo-Iranian substrate borrowing.


प्रत्यङ्गिरा

प्रत्य् (praty) + अङ्गिरा (aṅgirā)

affix

प्रत्य् (praty) + अङ्गिरा (aṅgirā)

a form of Durga, one of the goddesses of the tantrics


राजपुत्र

rājaputrá (romanization)
राजपुत्रः (nominative singular)
राजपुत्रौ (dual nominative)
राजपुत्रा1 (dual nominative)
राजपुत्राः (nominative plural)
राजपुत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
राजपुत्र (singular vocative)
राजपुत्रौ (dual vocative)
राजपुत्रा1 (dual vocative)
राजपुत्राः (plural vocative)
राजपुत्रासः1 (plural vocative)
राजपुत्रम् (accusative singular)
राजपुत्रौ (accusative dual)
राजपुत्रा1 (accusative dual)
राजपुत्रान् (accusative plural)
राजपुत्रेण (instrumental singular)
राजपुत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
राजपुत्रैः (instrumental plural)
राजपुत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
राजपुत्राय (dative singular)
राजपुत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
राजपुत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
राजपुत्रात् (ablative singular)
राजपुत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
राजपुत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
राजपुत्रस्य (genitive singular)
राजपुत्रयोः (dual genitive)
राजपुत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
राजपुत्रे (locative singular)
राजपुत्रयोः (dual locative)
राजपुत्रेषु (locative plural)

Pali: rājaputta

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀬𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢 (rāyaütta), 𑀭𑀸𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢 (rāutta)
Hindi: रावत (rāvat)
Marathi: राऊत (rāūt)
Tamil: இராவுத்தர் (irāvuttar), ராகுத்தம்மார் (rākuttammār)
Malayalam: റാവുത്തർ (ṟāvuttaṟ), റൗത്തർ (ṟauttaṟ)

Khasa Prakrit:

desc

→ Assamese: ৰাজপুত (razoput) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: রাজপুত (rajput) (semi-learned)

→ Gujarati: રાજપૂત (rājpūt) (semi-learned)

→ Hindustani: rājpūt (semi-learned)

Hindi: राजपूत

Hindi: राजपूत

Urdu: راجْپُوت (rājpūt)

→ Maithili: (semi-learned) rājpūt

Devanagari script: राजपूत

Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒰𑒖𑒣𑒴𑒞

→ Marwari: राजपूत (rājpūt) (semi-learned)

→ Nepali: राजपूत (rājapūt) (semi-learned)

→ Odia: ରାଜପୁତ (rājaputa) (semi-learned)

→ Punjabi: (semi-learned) rājpūt

Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਜਪੂਤ

Shahmukhi script: راجپُوت

→ Sindhi: (semi-learned)

Arabic script: راجپوُت, رَجِپوُتُ, رَجِڀوُتُ

Sindhi: रज्भूतु

Sindhi: रज्भूतु

→ Assamese: ৰাজপুত্ৰ (razoputro)

→ Bengali: রাজপুত্র (rajputro)

→ Gujarati: રાજપુત્ર (rājputra)

→ Hindustani: rājputra

Hindi: राजपुत्र

Hindi: राजपुत्र

Urdu: رَاج پُتْر (rāj putr)

→ Kannada: ರಾಜಪುತ್ರ (rājaputra)

→ Malayalam: രാജപുത്രന് (rājaputraṉ)

→ Marathi: राजपुत्र (rājputra)

→ Odia: ରାଜପୁତ୍ର (rājaputra)

இராசபுத்திரன்

→ Tamil: இராசபுத்திரன் (irācaputtiraṉ)

→ Telugu: రాజపుత్రుడు (rājaputruḍu)

/ɾɑː.d͡ʑɐ.put.ɾɐ́/

/ɾɑː.d͡ʑɐˈput̪.ɾɐ/

Tatpuruṣa compound of राजन् (rājan, “king”) + पुत्र (putra, “son”).

com

प्रा॒तर्ज॑रेथे जर॒णेव॒ काप॑या॒ वस्तो॑र्वस्तोर्यज॒ता ग॑च्छथो गृ॒हम् ।
कस्य॑ ध्व॒स्रा भ॑वथः॒ कस्य॑ वा नरा राजपु॒त्रेव॒ सव॒नाव॑ गच्छथः ॥
prātárjarethe jaraṇéva kā́payā vástorvastoryajatā́ gacchatho gṛhám.

Early at dawn ye sing forth praise as with a herald's voice, and, meet for worship, go each morning to the house.
Whom do ye ever bring to ruin? Unto whose libations come ye, Heroes, like two Sons of Kings?

kásya dhvasrā́ bhavathaḥ kásya vā narā rājaputréva sávanā́va gacchathaḥ.

तस्यैते पुरस्ताद्रक्षितार उपकॢप्ता भवन्ति राजपुत्राः कवचिनः शतं राजन्या निषङ्गिणः शतं सूतग्रामण्यां पुत्रा इषुपर्षिणः शतं क्षात्त्रसंग्रहीतॄणाम्पुत्रा दण्डिनः ...

In front (of the worshipping place) there are those protectors of it ready at hand,--to wit, a hundred royal princes, clad in armour; a hundred warriors armed with swords; a hundred sons of heralds and headmen, bearing quivers filled with arrows; and a hundred sons of attendants and charioteers, bearing staves...

tasyaite purastādrakṣitāra upakḷptā bhavanti rājaputrāḥ kavacinaḥ śataṃ rājanyā niṣaṅgiṇaḥ śataṃ sūtagrāmaṇyāṃ putrā iṣuparṣiṇaḥ śataṃ kṣāttrasaṃgrahītṝṇāmputrā daṇḍinaḥ ...


मात्सर्यम्

sa-noun form

मात्सर्यम् • (mātsaryam) n

/mɑːt̪ˈs̪ɐɾ.jɐm/

मात्सर्य मात्सर्य#Sanskrit

nominative singular of मात्सर्य (mātsarya, “envy, jealousy”)


ऊष्मन्

sa-noun

ऊष्मन् • (ūṣmán) stem, m

ūṣmán (romanization)
ऊष्मा (nominative singular)
ऊष्माणौ (dual nominative)
ऊष्माणा1 (dual nominative)
ऊष्माणः (nominative plural)
ऊष्मन् (singular vocative)
ऊष्माणौ (dual vocative)
ऊष्माणा1 (dual vocative)
ऊष्माणः (plural vocative)
ऊष्माणम् (accusative singular)
ऊष्माणौ (accusative dual)
ऊष्माणा1 (accusative dual)
ऊष्मणः (accusative plural)
ऊष्मणा (instrumental singular)
ऊष्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऊष्मभिः (instrumental plural)
ऊष्मणे (dative singular)
ऊष्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऊष्मभ्यः (dative plural)
ऊष्मणः (ablative singular)
ऊष्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऊष्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऊष्मणः (genitive singular)
ऊष्मणोः (dual genitive)
ऊष्मणाम् (genitive plural)
ऊष्मणि (locative singular)
ऊष्मन्1 (locative singular)
ऊष्मणोः (dual locative)
ऊष्मसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri:

Arabic script: ووٗہہٕ (wūhụ)

Devanagari script: वूहॖ (wūhụ)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀉𑀫𑁆𑀳 (umha)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: উম (um)
Middle Bengali: ওম (ōm); উম (um)
Maithili: ōph
Devanagari script: ओफ
Tirhuta script: 𑒍𑒤
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: hūm
Devanagari script: हूम
Kannada script: ಹೂಮ್
Latin script: hum
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Old Punjabi: ਹੁੰਮਸ (hummasa)
Punjabi: hummha, hummasa
Gurmukhi script: ਹੁੰਮ੍ਹ, ਹੁੰਮਸ
Shahmukhi script: ہُمھّ, ہُمَّھس
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi:
Arabic script: اُس
Devanagari script: उस
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Gujarati: હૂંફ (hū̃ph)
Marwari: ऊमस (ūmas)

Traditionally connected to उष् (uṣ, “to burn”), but Mayrhofer suggests a relation to वा (vā, “to blow (of wind)”) and Ancient Greek ἀτμός (atmós).

(grammar) the name applied to certain sounds, namely श् (ś), ष् (ṣ), स् (s), ह् (h), ः (ḥ), ं (ṃ), ष्क् (ṣk), and ष्प् (ṣp)


उष्मन्

uṣman (romanization)
उष्मा (nominative singular)
उष्माणौ (dual nominative)
उष्माणा1 (dual nominative)
उष्माणः (nominative plural)
उष्मन् (singular vocative)
उष्माणौ (dual vocative)
उष्माणा1 (dual vocative)
उष्माणः (plural vocative)
उष्माणम् (accusative singular)
उष्माणौ (accusative dual)
उष्माणा1 (accusative dual)
उष्मणः (accusative plural)
उष्मणा (instrumental singular)
उष्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उष्मभिः (instrumental plural)
उष्मणे (dative singular)
उष्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
उष्मभ्यः (dative plural)
उष्मणः (ablative singular)
उष्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उष्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
उष्मणः (genitive singular)
उष्मणोः (dual genitive)
उष्मणाम् (genitive plural)
उष्मणि (locative singular)
उष्मन्1 (locative singular)
उष्मणोः (dual locative)
उष्मसु (locative plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

ऊष्मन् ऊष्मन्#Sanskrit


सेको

sa-noun form

सेको • (séko) m

Devanagari script form of सेको, which is sandhi form of nominative singular of सेक (seka, “sprinkling”)


रक्षिका

rakṣikā (romanization)
रक्षिका (nominative singular)
रक्षिके (dual nominative)
रक्षिकाः (nominative plural)
रक्षिके (singular vocative)
रक्षिके (dual vocative)
रक्षिकाः (plural vocative)
रक्षिकाम् (accusative singular)
रक्षिके (accusative dual)
रक्षिकाः (accusative plural)
रक्षिकया (instrumental singular)
रक्षिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रक्षिकाभिः (instrumental plural)
रक्षिकायै (dative singular)
रक्षिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रक्षिकाभ्यः (dative plural)
रक्षिकायाः (ablative singular)
रक्षिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रक्षिकाभ्यः (ablative plural)
रक्षिकायाः (genitive singular)
रक्षिकयोः (dual genitive)
रक्षिकाणाम् (genitive plural)
रक्षिकायाम् (locative singular)
रक्षिकयोः (dual locative)
रक्षिकासु (locative plural)

Gujarati: રાખી (rākhī)

Hindustani: rākhī

Hindi: राखी

Urdu: راکھی

Marathi: राखी (rākhī)

From the root रक्ष् (rakṣ, “to guard, watch, take care of, protect, save, preserve”) + -इका (-ikā).

sa-root

रक्षक रक्षक#Sanskrit

female equivalent of रक्षक (rakṣaka, “protector, saviour, guardian”)

an amulet, charm, or thread worn as a protective


अतिथिदेव

atithideva (romanization)
अतिथिदेवः (nominative singular)
अतिथिदेवौ (dual nominative)
अतिथिदेवा1 (dual nominative)
अतिथिदेवाः (nominative plural)
अतिथिदेवासः1 (nominative plural)
अतिथिदेव (singular vocative)
अतिथिदेवौ (dual vocative)
अतिथिदेवा1 (dual vocative)
अतिथिदेवाः (plural vocative)
अतिथिदेवासः1 (plural vocative)
अतिथिदेवम् (accusative singular)
अतिथिदेवौ (accusative dual)
अतिथिदेवा1 (accusative dual)
अतिथिदेवान् (accusative plural)
अतिथिदेवेन (instrumental singular)
अतिथिदेवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अतिथिदेवैः (instrumental plural)
अतिथिदेवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अतिथिदेवाय (dative singular)
अतिथिदेवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अतिथिदेवेभ्यः (dative plural)
अतिथिदेवात् (ablative singular)
अतिथिदेवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अतिथिदेवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अतिथिदेवस्य (genitive singular)
अतिथिदेवयोः (dual genitive)
अतिथिदेवानाम् (genitive plural)
अतिथिदेवे (locative singular)
अतिथिदेवयोः (dual locative)
अतिथिदेवेषु (locative plural)

Compound of अतिथि (átithi, “guest”) + देव (devá, “deva”).

com

मातृदेवो भव । पितृदेवो भव । आचार्यदेवो भव । अतिथिदेवो भव । यान्यनवद्यानि कर्माणि तानि सेवितव्यानि । नो इतराणि। यान्यस्माकं सुचरितानि तानि त्वयोपास्यानि । नो इतराणि ॥
mātṛdevo bhava. pitṛdevo bhava. ācāryadevo bhava. atithidevo bhava. yānyanavadyāni karmāṇi tāni sevitavyāni. no itarāṇi. yānyasmākaṃ sucaritāni tāni tvayopāsyāni. no itarāṇi.

Be a mātṛdeva. Be a pitṛdeva. Be an ācāryadeva. Be an atithideva. Nothing but faultless deeds are to be practised. Nothing but good conduct and virtuous actions are to be worshipped and honoured by you.

someone who treats a guest as equivalent to a deva; someone for whom a guest should be honoured, respected, and served as a god


मातृदेव

mātṛdeva (romanization)
मातृदेवः (nominative singular)
मातृदेवौ (dual nominative)
मातृदेवा1 (dual nominative)
मातृदेवाः (nominative plural)
मातृदेवासः1 (nominative plural)
मातृदेव (singular vocative)
मातृदेवौ (dual vocative)
मातृदेवा1 (dual vocative)
मातृदेवाः (plural vocative)
मातृदेवासः1 (plural vocative)
मातृदेवम् (accusative singular)
मातृदेवौ (accusative dual)
मातृदेवा1 (accusative dual)
मातृदेवान् (accusative plural)
मातृदेवेन (instrumental singular)
मातृदेवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मातृदेवैः (instrumental plural)
मातृदेवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मातृदेवाय (dative singular)
मातृदेवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मातृदेवेभ्यः (dative plural)
मातृदेवात् (ablative singular)
मातृदेवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मातृदेवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मातृदेवस्य (genitive singular)
मातृदेवयोः (dual genitive)
मातृदेवानाम् (genitive plural)
मातृदेवे (locative singular)
मातृदेवयोः (dual locative)
मातृदेवेषु (locative plural)

/mɑː.t̪r̩ˈd̪eː.ʋɐ/

Compound of मातृ (mā́tṛ or mātṛ́, “mother”) + देव (devá, “deva”).

mā́tṛ or mātṛ́

someone who treats a mother as equivalent to a deva; someone for whom a mother should be honoured, respected, adored, and served as a god


पितृदेव

pitṛdeva (romanization)
पितृदेवः (nominative singular)
पितृदेवौ (dual nominative)
पितृदेवा1 (dual nominative)
पितृदेवाः (nominative plural)
पितृदेवासः1 (nominative plural)
पितृदेव (singular vocative)
पितृदेवौ (dual vocative)
पितृदेवा1 (dual vocative)
पितृदेवाः (plural vocative)
पितृदेवासः1 (plural vocative)
पितृदेवम् (accusative singular)
पितृदेवौ (accusative dual)
पितृदेवा1 (accusative dual)
पितृदेवान् (accusative plural)
पितृदेवेन (instrumental singular)
पितृदेवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितृदेवैः (instrumental plural)
पितृदेवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पितृदेवाय (dative singular)
पितृदेवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितृदेवेभ्यः (dative plural)
पितृदेवात् (ablative singular)
पितृदेवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितृदेवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितृदेवस्य (genitive singular)
पितृदेवयोः (dual genitive)
पितृदेवानाम् (genitive plural)
पितृदेवे (locative singular)
पितृदेवयोः (dual locative)
पितृदेवेषु (locative plural)

Compound of पितृ (pitṛ́, “father”) + देव (devá, “deva”).

someone who treats a father as equivalent to a deva; someone for whom a father should be honoured, respected, adored, and served as a god

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

(in the plural) one's ancestors and the devas

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa


आचार्यदेव

ācāryadeva (romanization)
आचार्यदेवः (nominative singular)
आचार्यदेवौ (dual nominative)
आचार्यदेवा1 (dual nominative)
आचार्यदेवाः (nominative plural)
आचार्यदेवासः1 (nominative plural)
आचार्यदेव (singular vocative)
आचार्यदेवौ (dual vocative)
आचार्यदेवा1 (dual vocative)
आचार्यदेवाः (plural vocative)
आचार्यदेवासः1 (plural vocative)
आचार्यदेवम् (accusative singular)
आचार्यदेवौ (accusative dual)
आचार्यदेवा1 (accusative dual)
आचार्यदेवान् (accusative plural)
आचार्यदेवेन (instrumental singular)
आचार्यदेवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आचार्यदेवैः (instrumental plural)
आचार्यदेवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आचार्यदेवाय (dative singular)
आचार्यदेवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आचार्यदेवेभ्यः (dative plural)
आचार्यदेवात् (ablative singular)
आचार्यदेवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आचार्यदेवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आचार्यदेवस्य (genitive singular)
आचार्यदेवयोः (dual genitive)
आचार्यदेवानाम् (genitive plural)
आचार्यदेवे (locative singular)
आचार्यदेवयोः (dual locative)
आचार्यदेवेषु (locative plural)

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐ.dɐj.ʋɐ/

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐˈd̪eː.ʋɐ/

Bahuvrīhi compound of आचार्य (ācāryà, “teacher”) + देव (devá, “deva”).

someone who treats a teacher as equivalent to a deva; someone for whom a teacher should be honoured, respected, worshipped, and served as a god


अतिथिदेवस्

अतिथिदेव अतिथिदेव#Sanskrit

nominative singular of अतिथिदेव (atithideva)


पितृदेवस्

sa-noun form

पितृदेवस् • (pitṛdevas) m

पितृदेव पितृदेव#Sanskrit

nominative singular of पितृदेव (pitṛdeva)


मातृदेवस्

मातृदेवस् • (mātṛdevas) m

/mɑː.t̪r̩ˈd̪eː.ʋɐs̪/

मातृदेव मातृदेव#Sanskrit

nominative singular of मातृदेव (mātṛdeva)


आचार्यदेवो

आचार्यदेवो • (ācāryadevo) m

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐ.dɐj.ʋɐw/

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐˈd̪eː.ʋoː/

आचार्यदेवस् आचार्यदेवस्#Sanskrit

आचार्यदेव आचार्यदेव#Sanskrit

Combining form of आचार्यदेवस् (ācāryadevas, nominative singular of आचार्यदेव (ācāryadeva))


आचार्यदेवः

आचार्यदेवः • (ācāryadevaḥ) m

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐ.dɐj.ʋɐh/

/ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐˈd̪eː.ʋɐh/

[ɑː.t͡ɕɑːɾ.jɐˈd̪eː.ʋɐhɐ̆]

आचार्यदेवस् आचार्यदेवस्#Sanskrit

आचार्यदेव आचार्यदेव#Sanskrit


वङ्ग

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual


वङ्ग

vaṅga (romanization)
वङ्गः (nominative singular)
वङ्गौ (dual nominative)
वङ्गा1 (dual nominative)
वङ्गाः (nominative plural)
वङ्गासः1 (nominative plural)
वङ्ग (singular vocative)
वङ्गौ (dual vocative)
वङ्गा1 (dual vocative)
वङ्गाः (plural vocative)
वङ्गासः1 (plural vocative)
वङ्गम् (accusative singular)
वङ्गौ (accusative dual)
वङ्गा1 (accusative dual)
वङ्गान् (accusative plural)
वङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
वङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वङ्गाय (dative singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
वङ्गात् (ablative singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
वङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
वङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
वङ्गे (locative singular)
वङ्गयोः (dual locative)
वङ्गेषु (locative plural)
वङ्गम् (nominative singular)
वङ्गे (dual nominative)
वङ्गानि (nominative plural)
वङ्गा1 (nominative plural)
वङ्ग (singular vocative)
वङ्गे (dual vocative)
वङ्गानि (plural vocative)
वङ्गा1 (plural vocative)
वङ्गम् (accusative singular)
वङ्गे (accusative dual)
वङ्गानि (accusative plural)
वङ्गा1 (accusative plural)
वङ्गेन (instrumental singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वङ्गैः (instrumental plural)
वङ्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वङ्गाय (dative singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वङ्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
वङ्गात् (ablative singular)
वङ्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वङ्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वङ्गस्य (genitive singular)
वङ्गयोः (dual genitive)
वङ्गानाम् (genitive plural)
वङ्गे (locative singular)
वङ्गयोः (dual locative)
वङ्गेषु (locative plural)


झष

jhaṣá (romanization)
झषः (nominative singular)
झषौ (dual nominative)
झषा1 (dual nominative)
झषाः (nominative plural)
झषासः1 (nominative plural)
झष (singular vocative)
झषौ (dual vocative)
झषा1 (dual vocative)
झषाः (plural vocative)
झषासः1 (plural vocative)
झषम् (accusative singular)
झषौ (accusative dual)
झषा1 (accusative dual)
झषान् (accusative plural)
झषेण (instrumental singular)
झषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
झषैः (instrumental plural)
झषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
झषाय (dative singular)
झषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
झषेभ्यः (dative plural)
झषात् (ablative singular)
झषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
झषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
झषस्य (genitive singular)
झषयोः (dual genitive)
झषाणाम् (genitive plural)
झषे (locative singular)
झषयोः (dual locative)
झषेषु (locative plural)

→ Malayalam: ഝഷം (jhaṣaṁ) (learned)

→ Telugu: ఝషము (jhaṣamu) (learned)

Unknown; possibly a loanword. Likely related to चष (caṣa) and जष (jaṣa).


स्थूर

sthūra (romanization)
स्थूरः (nominative singular)
स्थूरौ (dual nominative)
स्थूरा1 (dual nominative)
स्थूराः (nominative plural)
स्थूरासः1 (nominative plural)
स्थूर (singular vocative)
स्थूरौ (dual vocative)
स्थूरा1 (dual vocative)
स्थूराः (plural vocative)
स्थूरासः1 (plural vocative)
स्थूरम् (accusative singular)
स्थूरौ (accusative dual)
स्थूरा1 (accusative dual)
स्थूरान् (accusative plural)
स्थूरेण (instrumental singular)
स्थूराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्थूरैः (instrumental plural)
स्थूरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्थूराय (dative singular)
स्थूराभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्थूरेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्थूरात् (ablative singular)
स्थूराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्थूरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्थूरस्य (genitive singular)
स्थूरयोः (dual genitive)
स्थूराणाम् (genitive plural)
स्थूरे (locative singular)
स्थूरयोः (dual locative)
स्थूरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈs̪t̪ʰuː.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *stuh₂-ró-, from *stewh₂- (zero-grade *stuh₂-; compare स्थविर (sthavira)), a metathetic variant of *steh₂w-, *sth₂u-, itself a u̯-extension of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”); suffixed with *-rós. Aspirated -th- resulted from contamination with the original stem in *sth₂u-. Cognate with the Avestan element [script needed] (*stūra-) (in proper names like [script needed] (pairištūra-)), English stour, German stur (“stubborn”). Doublet of स्थूल (sthūla).


स्वर्ण

सुवर्ण सुवर्ण#Sanskrit

Alternative form of सुवर्ण (suvarṇa, “gold”)


श्लेष्मन्

sa-noun

श्लेष्मन् • (śleṣmán) stem, m

śleṣmán (romanization)
श्लेष्मा (nominative singular)
श्लेष्माणौ (dual nominative)
श्लेष्माणा1 (dual nominative)
श्लेष्माणः (nominative plural)
श्लेष्मन् (singular vocative)
श्लेष्माणौ (dual vocative)
श्लेष्माणा1 (dual vocative)
श्लेष्माणः (plural vocative)
श्लेष्माणम् (accusative singular)
श्लेष्माणौ (accusative dual)
श्लेष्माणा1 (accusative dual)
श्लेष्मणः (accusative plural)
श्लेष्मणा (instrumental singular)
श्लेष्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्लेष्मभिः (instrumental plural)
श्लेष्मणे (dative singular)
श्लेष्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्लेष्मभ्यः (dative plural)
श्लेष्मणः (ablative singular)
श्लेष्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्लेष्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्लेष्मणः (genitive singular)
श्लेष्मणोः (dual genitive)
श्लेष्मणाम् (genitive plural)
श्लेष्मणि (locative singular)
श्लेष्मन्1 (locative singular)
श्लेष्मणोः (dual locative)
श्लेष्मसु (locative plural)

/ˈɕl̪eːʂ.mɐn̪/

From the root श्लिष् (śliṣ, “to adhere, attach, cling, stick”) + -मन् (-man).

sa-root

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa


श्लेष्मन्

sa-noun

श्लेष्मन् • (śleṣmán) stem, n

/ˈɕl̪eːʂ.mɐn̪/

c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa


श्लेष्मा

/ɕlɐjʂ.mɑ́ː/

/ˈɕl̪eːʂ.mɑː/

श्लेष्मन् श्लेष्मन्#Sanskrit

nominative singular of श्लेष्मन् (śleṣmán)


उद्देश

uddeśa (romanization)
उद्देशः (nominative singular)
उद्देशौ (dual nominative)
उद्देशा1 (dual nominative)
उद्देशाः (nominative plural)
उद्देशासः1 (nominative plural)
उद्देश (singular vocative)
उद्देशौ (dual vocative)
उद्देशा1 (dual vocative)
उद्देशाः (plural vocative)
उद्देशासः1 (plural vocative)
उद्देशम् (accusative singular)
उद्देशौ (accusative dual)
उद्देशा1 (accusative dual)
उद्देशान् (accusative plural)
उद्देशेन (instrumental singular)
उद्देशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उद्देशैः (instrumental plural)
उद्देशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उद्देशाय (dative singular)
उद्देशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उद्देशेभ्यः (dative plural)
उद्देशात् (ablative singular)
उद्देशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उद्देशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उद्देशस्य (genitive singular)
उद्देशयोः (dual genitive)
उद्देशानाम् (genitive plural)
उद्देशे (locative singular)
उद्देशयोः (dual locative)
उद्देशेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: उद्देश (uddeś)

→ Kannada: ಉದ್ದೇಶ (uddēśa)

→ Malayalam: ഉദ്ദേശം (uddēśaṁ)

→ Marathi: उद्देश (uddeś)

→ Tamil: உத்தேசம் (uttēcam)

→ Telugu: ఉద్దేశము (uddēśamu)

[ud̪̚ˈd̪eː.ɕɐ]

(in Nyaya philosophy) enunciation of a topic (that is to be further discussed and elucidated)


जीरक

Dardic:

Kashmiri: زیُرُ (zyuru)

Pali: jīraka

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀬 (jīraya)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀭𑀕 (jīraga)

desctree

Hindi: जीरा (jīrā)
→ English: jeera
→ Swahili: jira

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: জীৰা (zira)

Bengali: জিরা (jira)

Bihari: जीरा (jīrā)

Maithili: जीर (jīr)

Odia: ଜୀରା (jirā)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: जिरो (jiro)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: जिरो (jiro)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: jīrā, jīrī

Gurmukhi script: ਜੀਰਾ, ਜੀਰੀ

Shahmukhi script: جِیرَا, جِیرِی

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: jīro|, jīrī

Arabic script: جِيرو, جِيرِي

Devanagari script: जीरो, जीरी

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދިރި (diri)

Sinhalese: දුරු (duru)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: जिरीं (jirī̃), जिरें (jirẽ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: જીરું (jīrũ)

→ Malayalam: ജീരകം (jīrakaṁ)

desc

→ Tamil: ஜீரகம் (jīrakam), சீரகம் (cīrakam)

/ˈd͡ʑiː.ɾɐ.kɐ/


उल्व

úlva (romanization)
उल्वम् (nominative singular)
उल्वे (dual nominative)
उल्वानि (nominative plural)
उल्वा1 (nominative plural)
उल्व (singular vocative)
उल्वे (dual vocative)
उल्वानि (plural vocative)
उल्वा1 (plural vocative)
उल्वम् (accusative singular)
उल्वे (accusative dual)
उल्वानि (accusative plural)
उल्वा1 (accusative plural)
उल्वेन (instrumental singular)
उल्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उल्वैः (instrumental plural)
उल्वेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उल्वाय (dative singular)
उल्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उल्वेभ्यः (dative plural)
उल्वात् (ablative singular)
उल्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उल्वेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उल्वस्य (genitive singular)
उल्वयोः (dual genitive)
उल्वानाम् (genitive plural)
उल्वे (locative singular)
उल्वयोः (dual locative)
उल्वेषु (locative plural)


चिह्न

→ Balinese: ᬘᬶᬳ᭄ᬦ (learned)

→ Bengali: চিহ্ন (cihno) (learned)

→ Malayalam: ചിഹ്നം (cihnaṁ) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ (cinnh) (learned)

/ˈt͡ɕiɦ.n̪ɐ/


आह्लाद

Malayalam: ആഹ്ലാദം (āhlādaṁ)

/ɑːɦ.lɑː.dɐ/

/ɑːɦˈl̪ɑː.d̪ɐ/


भयङ्कर

bhayaṅkara (romanization)
भयङ्करः (nominative singular)
भयङ्करौ (dual nominative)
भयङ्करा1 (dual nominative)
भयङ्कराः (nominative plural)
भयङ्करासः1 (nominative plural)
भयङ्कर (singular vocative)
भयङ्करौ (dual vocative)
भयङ्करा1 (dual vocative)
भयङ्कराः (plural vocative)
भयङ्करासः1 (plural vocative)
भयङ्करम् (accusative singular)
भयङ्करौ (accusative dual)
भयङ्करा1 (accusative dual)
भयङ्करान् (accusative plural)
भयङ्करेण (instrumental singular)
भयङ्कराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भयङ्करैः (instrumental plural)
भयङ्करेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भयङ्कराय (dative singular)
भयङ्कराभ्याम् (dative dual)
भयङ्करेभ्यः (dative plural)
भयङ्करात् (ablative singular)
भयङ्कराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भयङ्करेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भयङ्करस्य (genitive singular)
भयङ्करयोः (dual genitive)
भयङ्कराणाम् (genitive plural)
भयङ्करे (locative singular)
भयङ्करयोः (dual locative)
भयङ्करेषु (locative plural)

→ Indonesian: bayangkara, bhayangkara

/bʱɐˈjɐŋ.kɐ.ɾɐ/


जनो

sa-noun form

जनो • (jáno)

sandhi form of nominative singular of जन (jana, “person”)


कायो

कायो • (kāyo)

sandhi form of nominative singular of काय (kāya, “person”)


तथागत

tathāgata (romanization)
तथागतः (nominative singular)
तथागतौ (dual nominative)
तथागता1 (dual nominative)
तथागताः (nominative plural)
तथागतासः1 (nominative plural)
तथागत (singular vocative)
तथागतौ (dual vocative)
तथागता1 (dual vocative)
तथागताः (plural vocative)
तथागतासः1 (plural vocative)
तथागतम् (accusative singular)
तथागतौ (accusative dual)
तथागता1 (accusative dual)
तथागतान् (accusative plural)
तथागतेन (instrumental singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तथागतैः (instrumental plural)
तथागतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तथागताय (dative singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (dative dual)
तथागतेभ्यः (dative plural)
तथागतात् (ablative singular)
तथागताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तथागतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तथागतस्य (genitive singular)
तथागतयोः (dual genitive)
तथागतानाम् (genitive plural)
तथागते (locative singular)
तथागतयोः (dual locative)
तथागतेषु (locative plural)

/t̪ɐˈt̪ʰɑː.ɡɐ.t̪ɐ/

The Buddhist term was possibly borrowed from the Prakrit language of the early Buddhist community, but this is uncertain. The term (in any language) might have been "pre-Buddhistic", and there have been various surface analyses, often entwined with philosophical intricacies. In borrowing languages such as Chinese, it is analysed as तथा (tathā, “thus, in that manner”) + आगत (āgata, “come”, past passive participle). It may also be analysed as तथा (tathā) + गत (gata, “gone; gone to a certain state or condition”) according to Monier Williams. Cognate with Pali tathāgata.

com

ननूक्तं कुलपुत्र तथागतेनाशिक्षितो न परिभवितव्य इति ।
nanūktaṃ kulaputra tathāgatenāśikṣito na paribhavitavya iti.

c. 1 CE – 200 CE, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa 9.3

Hasn't it been said after the Tathāgata, O noble prince, that the unlearned is not to be slighted?

(Buddhism) tathagata (an appellation for Buddhas, especially the Gautama Buddha)


वादो

sa-noun form

वादो • (vādo)

sandhi form of nominative singular of वाद (vāda, “speech”)


වාදො

වාදො • (vādo)

Sinhalese script form of वादो, which is sandhi form of nominative singular of වාද (vāda, “speaking”)


ဝါဒေါ

ဝါဒေါ • (vādo)

Burmese script form of वादो, which is sandhi form of nominative singular of ဝါဒ (vāda, “speaking”)


ວາໂທ

ວາໂທ • (vādo)

Lao script form of वादो, which is sandhi form of nominative singular of ວາທ (vāda, “speaking”)


𑘀𑘪𑘭𑘿𑘞𑘰

अवस्था अवस्था#Sanskrit


वानरो

वानरो • (vānaro)

sandhi form of nominative singular of वानर (vānara, “monkey”)


रोचन

rocaná (romanization)
रोचनम् (nominative singular)
रोचने (dual nominative)
रोचनानि (nominative plural)
रोचना1 (nominative plural)
रोचन (singular vocative)
रोचने (dual vocative)
रोचनानि (plural vocative)
रोचना1 (plural vocative)
रोचनम् (accusative singular)
रोचने (accusative dual)
रोचनानि (accusative plural)
रोचना1 (accusative plural)
रोचनेन (instrumental singular)
रोचनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोचनैः (instrumental plural)
रोचनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोचनाय (dative singular)
रोचनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोचनेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोचनात् (ablative singular)
रोचनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोचनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोचनस्य (genitive singular)
रोचनयोः (dual genitive)
रोचनानाम् (genitive plural)
रोचने (locative singular)
रोचनयोः (dual locative)
रोचनेषु (locative plural)

/ɾɐw.t͡ɕɐ.nɐ́/

/ˈɾoː.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

From the root रुच् (ruc, “to shine”) + -अन (-ana, verbal noun suffix), with irregular accent.


विरोचन

virócana (romanization)
विरोचनः (nominative singular)
विरोचनौ (dual nominative)
विरोचना1 (dual nominative)
विरोचनाः (nominative plural)
विरोचनासः1 (nominative plural)
विरोचन (singular vocative)
विरोचनौ (dual vocative)
विरोचना1 (dual vocative)
विरोचनाः (plural vocative)
विरोचनासः1 (plural vocative)
विरोचनम् (accusative singular)
विरोचनौ (accusative dual)
विरोचना1 (accusative dual)
विरोचनान् (accusative plural)
विरोचनेन (instrumental singular)
विरोचनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
विरोचनैः (instrumental plural)
विरोचनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
विरोचनाय (dative singular)
विरोचनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
विरोचनेभ्यः (dative plural)
विरोचनात् (ablative singular)
विरोचनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
विरोचनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
विरोचनस्य (genitive singular)
विरोचनयोः (dual genitive)
विरोचनानाम् (genitive plural)
विरोचने (locative singular)
विरोचनयोः (dual locative)
विरोचनेषु (locative plural)

/ʋiˈɾoː.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

From वि- (vi-) + रोचन (rocana, “light; splendour”). Also analysable as वि- (vi-, “distributing; away”, verbal prefix) + रुच् (ruc, root) + -अन (-ana, agent suffix) with regular accent; i.e. "the one that shines forth; emitter of light".


𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀓𑀼𑀮

देवकुल देवकुल#Sanskrit


वैरोचन

/ʋɑːj.ɾɐw.t͡ɕɐ.nɐ́/

/ʋɑjˈɾoː.t͡ɕɐ.n̪ɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of विरोचन (virócana, “the sun; giver of light”); i.e. "pertaining to virocana".


नकुलो

sandhi form of nominative singular of नकुल (nakula, “mongoose”)


कवचो

sandhi form of nominative singular of कवच (kavaca, “armour”)


दाडिमो

sa-noun form

दाडिमो • (dāḍimo)

दाडिम दाडिम#Sanskrit

sandhi form of nominative singular of दाडिम (dāḍima, “pomegranate tree”)


नागो

नागो • (nāgo)

sandhi form of nominative singular of नाग (nāga)


अजगरो

sandhi form of nominative singular of अजगर (ajagara, “python”)


मरीचम्

nominative/accusative singular of मरीच (marīca, “black pepper”)


भुजो

sandhi form of nominative singular of भुज (bhuja, “arm”)


श्रावक

sa-noun

श्रावक • (śrāvaka) stem, m (feminine श्राविका)

śrāvaka (romanization)
श्राविका (feminine)
श्रावकः (nominative singular)
श्रावकौ (dual nominative)
श्रावकाः (nominative plural)
श्रावक (singular vocative)
श्रावकौ (dual vocative)
श्रावकाः (plural vocative)
श्रावकम् (accusative singular)
श्रावकौ (accusative dual)
श्रावकान् (accusative plural)
श्रावकेण (instrumental singular)
श्रावकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
श्रावकैः (instrumental plural)
श्रावकाय (dative singular)
श्रावकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
श्रावकेभ्यः (dative plural)
श्रावकात् (ablative singular)
श्रावकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
श्रावकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
श्रावकस्य (genitive singular)
श्रावकयोः (dual genitive)
श्रावकाणाम् (genitive plural)
श्रावके (locative singular)
श्रावकयोः (dual locative)
श्रावकेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sāvaka

→ Khmer: សាវក (savkâ)

→ Northern Thai: ᩈᩣᩅᨠ

→ Northern Thai: สาวก

→ Thai: สาวก (sǎa-wók)

→ Burmese: သာဝက (sawa.ka.)

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→ Shan: သႃႇဝၵႃႉ (sàa wǎ kâ̰a)

→ Shan: သႃႇဝၵႃႉ (sàa wǎ kâ̰a)

/ˈɕɾɑː.ʋɐ.kɐ/


मन्दाक्रान्त

(prosody) A poetic meter consisting of 4 X 17 syllables


स्तुत

stutá (romanization)
स्तुतम् (nominative singular)
स्तुते (dual nominative)
स्तुतानि (nominative plural)
स्तुता1 (nominative plural)
स्तुत (singular vocative)
स्तुते (dual vocative)
स्तुतानि (plural vocative)
स्तुता1 (plural vocative)
स्तुतम् (accusative singular)
स्तुते (accusative dual)
स्तुतानि (accusative plural)
स्तुता1 (accusative plural)
स्तुतेन (instrumental singular)
स्तुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तुतैः (instrumental plural)
स्तुतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्तुताय (dative singular)
स्तुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तुतेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तुतात् (ablative singular)
स्तुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तुतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तुतस्य (genitive singular)
स्तुतयोः (dual genitive)
स्तुतानाम् (genitive plural)
स्तुते (locative singular)
स्तुतयोः (dual locative)
स्तुतेषु (locative plural)

From the root स्तु (stu, “to praise, laud”).

sa-root

जय॑तं च॒ प्र स्तु॑तं च॒ प्र चा॑वतं प्र॒जां च॑ ध॒त्तं द्रवि॑णं च धत्तम्।
स॒जोष॑सा उ॒षसा॒ सूर्ये॑ण॒ चोर्जं॑ नो धत्तमश्विना॥
jáyataṃ ca prá stutaṃ ca prá cāvataṃ prajā́ṃ ca dhattáṃ dráviṇaṃ ca dhattam.

Conquer your foes, protect us, praise your worshippers; bestow upon us progeny and affluence.
Accordant, of one mind with Surya and with Dawn, O Asvins, grant us vigorous strength.

sajóṣasā uṣásā sū́ryeṇa córjaṃ no dhattamaśvinā.


मङ्गलवार

maṅgalavāra (romanization)
मङ्गलवारः (nominative singular)
मङ्गलवारौ (dual nominative)
मङ्गलवारा1 (dual nominative)
मङ्गलवाराः (nominative plural)
मङ्गलवारासः1 (nominative plural)
मङ्गलवार (singular vocative)
मङ्गलवारौ (dual vocative)
मङ्गलवारा1 (dual vocative)
मङ्गलवाराः (plural vocative)
मङ्गलवारासः1 (plural vocative)
मङ्गलवारम् (accusative singular)
मङ्गलवारौ (accusative dual)
मङ्गलवारा1 (accusative dual)
मङ्गलवारान् (accusative plural)
मङ्गलवारेण (instrumental singular)
मङ्गलवाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मङ्गलवारैः (instrumental plural)
मङ्गलवारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मङ्गलवाराय (dative singular)
मङ्गलवाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
मङ्गलवारेभ्यः (dative plural)
मङ्गलवारात् (ablative singular)
मङ्गलवाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मङ्गलवारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मङ्गलवारस्य (genitive singular)
मङ्गलवारयोः (dual genitive)
मङ्गलवाराणाम् (genitive plural)
मङ्गलवारे (locative singular)
मङ्गलवारयोः (dual locative)
मङ्गलवारेषु (locative plural)

→ Gujarati: મંગળવાર (maṅgaḷvār)

→ Hindi: मंगलवार (maṅgalvār)

→ Marathi: मंगळवार (maṅgaḷvār)

→ Telugu: మంగళవారము (maṅgaḷavāramu)

Compound of मङ्गल (maṅgala, "Mars") + वार (vāra, "day").


अवीचि

avīci (romanization)
अवीचिः (nominative singular)
अवीची (dual nominative)
अवीचयः (nominative plural)
अवीचे (singular vocative)
अवीची (dual vocative)
अवीचयः (plural vocative)
अवीचिम् (accusative singular)
अवीची (accusative dual)
अवीचीन् (accusative plural)
अवीचिना (instrumental singular)
अवीच्या1 (instrumental singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवीचिभिः (instrumental plural)
अवीचये (dative singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवीचिभ्यः (dative plural)
अवीचेः (ablative singular)
अवीच्यः1 (ablative singular)
अवीचिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवीचिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवीचेः (genitive singular)
अवीच्यः1 (genitive singular)
अवीच्योः (dual genitive)
अवीचीनाम् (genitive plural)
अवीचौ (locative singular)
अवीचा1 (locative singular)
अवीच्योः (dual locative)
अवीचिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Chinese: 阿鼻 (ābí)
→ Japanese: 阿鼻 (abi)

→ Thai: อเวจี (à-wee-jii)

/ɐˈʋiː.t͡ɕi/

From a derivative of अवाञ्च् (avāñc, “turned downwards; lower than”).

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a particular hell: Avici


लोको

sandhi form of nominative singular of लोक (loka, “world”)


𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸

करुणा करुणा#Sanskrit


दन्तावल

Hindustani:

Hindi: दँतावली f (dãtāvlī)

/d̪ɐn̪ˈt̪ɑː.ʋɐ.l̪ɐ/


शवासन

head

शवासन • (śavāsana)

→ English: shavasana

/ɕɐˈʋɑː.s̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

From शव (śava, “corpse”) + आसन (āsana, “asana”).

(yoga) A resting pose in which one lies flat on one's back with the arms and legs slightly spread and eyes closed.


ज्ञु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́nu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu, zero-grade of *ǵónu (“knee”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬲𐬥𐬎 (žnu, “knee”); see जानु (jānu) for more cognates.

तं त्वा वयं दम आ दीदिवांसमुप ज्ञुबाधो नमसा सदेम ॥

Let us approach thee, shining, in thy dwelling, kneeling upon our knees, with adoration.

taṃ tvā vayaṃ dama ā dīdivāṃsamupa jñubādho namasā sadema.


कुटी

kuṭī (romanization)
कुटी (nominative singular)
कुट्यौ (dual nominative)
कुटी1 (dual nominative)
कुट्यः (nominative plural)
कुटीः1 (nominative plural)
कुटि (singular vocative)
कुट्यौ (dual vocative)
कुटी1 (dual vocative)
कुट्यः (plural vocative)
कुटीः1 (plural vocative)
कुटीम् (accusative singular)
कुट्यौ (accusative dual)
कुटी1 (accusative dual)
कुटीः (accusative plural)
कुट्या (instrumental singular)
कुटीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुटीभिः (instrumental plural)
कुट्यै (dative singular)
कुटीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुटीभ्यः (dative plural)
कुट्याः (ablative singular)
कुट्यै2 (ablative singular)
कुटीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुटीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुट्याः (genitive singular)
कुट्यै2 (genitive singular)
कुट्योः (dual genitive)
कुटीनाम् (genitive plural)
कुट्याम् (locative singular)
कुट्योः (dual locative)
कुटीषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Shina: [script needed] (kúi)

Pali: kuṭī, kuṭīkā, kuṭikā

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Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀟𑀻 (kuḍī), 𑀓𑀼𑀟𑀻𑀬𑀸 (kuḍīyā), 𑀓𑀼𑀟𑀬 (kuḍaya)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: কুড়িয়া (kuṛiẏa), কুড়ে (kuṛe), কুঁড়ে (kũṛe)

Odia: କୁଡ଼ୀ (kuṛi), କୁଡ଼ିଆ (kuṛiā)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Romani: kuri, guri

Hindustani: kuṛī

Hindi: कुड़ी

Urdu: کُڑِی (kuṛī)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: कुड़ु (kuṛu)

Kumaoni: कुड़ी (kuṛī), कुड़ो (kuṛo), कुड़ (kuṛ)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कुर (kura), कुरि (kuri)

Western Pahari:

Jaunsari: कूड़ो (kūṛo)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: කිළිය (kiḷiya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कुडी (kuḍī)

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil குடி (kuṭi, “drink, family, home”), whence also कुटुम्ब (kuṭumba), कुटि (kuṭi).


मुमुक्षुत्व

desire of liberation or of final emancipation.


कल्पद्रुम

A fabulous tree, one granting every thing desired.


जितेन्द्रिय

An ascetic, a sage, one who has completely subdued his passions


महाभूत

तन्मात्र तन्मात्र

a great element, gross element (of which 5 are reckoned, see ether, air, fire, water, earth), as distinguished from the subtle element or तन्मात्र


तन्मात्र

स्पर्श स्पर्श

महाभूत महाभूत

a rudimentary or subtle element (5 in number, see शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस, गन्ध), from which the 5 महाभूतs or grosser elements are produced


निदिध्यासन

deep and repeated consideration, thinking of or recalling repeatedly


प्रायश्चित्त

→ English: prayaschitta

→ Hindi: प्रायश्चित (prāyaścit)

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പ്രായശ്ചിത്തം

→ Malayalam: പ്രായശ്ചിത്തം (prāyaścittaṁ)

प्रायश्चित्त

→ Marathi: प्रायश्चित्त (prāyaścitta)

प्रायश् (prāyaś) + चित्त (citta)

af

प्रायश् (prāyaś) + चित्त (citta)


पञ्चशील

pañcaśīla (romanization)
पञ्चशीलम् (nominative singular)
पञ्चशीले (dual nominative)
पञ्चशीलानि (nominative plural)
पञ्चशीला1 (nominative plural)
पञ्चशील (singular vocative)
पञ्चशीले (dual vocative)
पञ्चशीलानि (plural vocative)
पञ्चशीला1 (plural vocative)
पञ्चशीलम् (accusative singular)
पञ्चशीले (accusative dual)
पञ्चशीलानि (accusative plural)
पञ्चशीला1 (accusative plural)
पञ्चशीलेन (instrumental singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पञ्चशीलैः (instrumental plural)
पञ्चशीलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पञ्चशीलाय (dative singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पञ्चशीलेभ्यः (dative plural)
पञ्चशीलात् (ablative singular)
पञ्चशीलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पञ्चशीलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पञ्चशीलस्य (genitive singular)
पञ्चशीलयोः (dual genitive)
पञ्चशीलानाम् (genitive plural)
पञ्चशीले (locative singular)
पञ्चशीलयोः (dual locative)
पञ्चशीलेषु (locative plural)

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Hindi: पंचशील (pañcśīl)
→ English: Panchsheel

Pali: pañcasīla

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→ Khmer: បញ្ចសីល (bɑɑñcɑɑsəyl)

→ Khmer: បញ្ចសីល (bɑɑñcɑɑsəyl)

→ Burmese: ပဉ္စသီလ (panyca.sila.)

→ Sinhalese: පන්සිල් (pansil)

→ Thai: เบญจศีล

→ Thai: เบญจศีล

→ Indonesian: Pancasila

→ Javanese: ꦥꦚ꧀ꦕꦯꦷꦭ (panycashīla)

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐ.ɕiː.lɐ́/

/pɐɲ.t͡ɕɐˈɕiː.l̪ɐ/

From पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”) + शील (śīla, “principle”).

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(Buddhism) the Five Precepts of Buddhism.


रामराज्य

rāmarājya (romanization)
रामराज्यः (nominative singular)
रामराज्यौ (dual nominative)
रामराज्या1 (dual nominative)
रामराज्याः (nominative plural)
रामराज्यासः1 (nominative plural)
रामराज्य (singular vocative)
रामराज्यौ (dual vocative)
रामराज्या1 (dual vocative)
रामराज्याः (plural vocative)
रामराज्यासः1 (plural vocative)
रामराज्यम् (accusative singular)
रामराज्यौ (accusative dual)
रामराज्या1 (accusative dual)
रामराज्यान् (accusative plural)
रामराज्येन (instrumental singular)
रामराज्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामराज्यैः (instrumental plural)
रामराज्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रामराज्याय (dative singular)
रामराज्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामराज्येभ्यः (dative plural)
रामराज्यात् (ablative singular)
रामराज्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामराज्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामराज्यस्य (genitive singular)
रामराज्ययोः (dual genitive)
रामराज्यानाम् (genitive plural)
रामराज्ये (locative singular)
रामराज्ययोः (dual locative)
रामराज्येषु (locative plural)

Hindi: रामराज्य (rāmrājya)

English: Ramrajya

Kannada: ರಾಮರಾಜ್ಯ (rāmarājya)

Marathi: रामराज्य (rāmrājya)

Nepali: रामराज्य (rāmarājya)

/ɾɑː.mɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑ.jɐ/

/ɾɑː.mɐˈɾɑːd͡ʑ.jɐ/

From राम (rāma, “Rāma”) + राज्य (rājya, “Reign”).


लघुहस्तता

laghuhastatā (romanization)
लघुहस्तता (nominative singular)
लघुहस्तते (dual nominative)
लघुहस्तताः (nominative plural)
लघुहस्तते (singular vocative)
लघुहस्तते (dual vocative)
लघुहस्तताः (plural vocative)
लघुहस्तताम् (accusative singular)
लघुहस्तते (accusative dual)
लघुहस्तताः (accusative plural)
लघुहस्ततया (instrumental singular)
लघुहस्तताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लघुहस्तताभिः (instrumental plural)
लघुहस्ततायै (dative singular)
लघुहस्तताभ्याम् (dative dual)
लघुहस्तताभ्यः (dative plural)
लघुहस्ततायाः (ablative singular)
लघुहस्तताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लघुहस्तताभ्यः (ablative plural)
लघुहस्ततायाः (genitive singular)
लघुहस्ततयोः (dual genitive)
लघुहस्ततानाम् (genitive plural)
लघुहस्ततायाम् (locative singular)
लघुहस्ततयोः (dual locative)
लघुहस्ततासु (locative plural)

/l̪ɐ.ɡʱuˈɦɐs̪.t̪ɐ.t̪ɑː/

लघु (laghu, “light, easy, swift, prompt”) + हस्त (hasta, “hand”) + -ता (-tā, “-ness”)

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बलं वीर्यं च तेजश्च शीघ्रता लघुहस्तता । अविषादश्च धैर्यं च पार्थान्नान्यत्र विद्यते ॥

Power, manliness, energy, swiftness, ready-handedness, cheerfulness and patience are not seen anywhere other than in Arjuna.

balaṃ vīryaṃ ca tejaśca śīghratā laghuhastatā. aviṣādaśca dhairyaṃ ca pārthānnānyatra vidyate.

c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Raghuvaṃśa


सम्पीति

sampīti (romanization)
सम्पीतिः (nominative singular)
सम्पीती (dual nominative)
सम्पीतयः (nominative plural)
सम्पीते (singular vocative)
सम्पीती (dual vocative)
सम्पीतयः (plural vocative)
सम्पीतिम् (accusative singular)
सम्पीती (accusative dual)
सम्पीतीः (accusative plural)
सम्पीत्या (instrumental singular)
सम्पीती1 (instrumental singular)
सम्पीतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सम्पीतिभिः (instrumental plural)
सम्पीतये (dative singular)
सम्पीत्यै2 (dative singular)
सम्पीती1 (dative singular)
सम्पीतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सम्पीतिभ्यः (dative plural)
सम्पीतेः (ablative singular)
सम्पीत्याः2 (ablative singular)
सम्पीत्यै3 (ablative singular)
सम्पीतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सम्पीतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सम्पीतेः (genitive singular)
सम्पीत्याः2 (genitive singular)
सम्पीत्यै3 (genitive singular)
सम्पीत्योः (dual genitive)
सम्पीतीनाम् (genitive plural)
सम्पीतौ (locative singular)
सम्पीत्याम्2 (locative singular)
सम्पीता1 (locative singular)
सम्पीत्योः (dual locative)
सम्पीतिषु (locative plural)

From सम्- (sam-) + पीति (pīti, “drinking, draught”).


वस्न

vasná (romanization)
वस्नम् (nominative singular)
वस्ने (dual nominative)
वस्नानि (nominative plural)
वस्ना1 (nominative plural)
वस्न (singular vocative)
वस्ने (dual vocative)
वस्नानि (plural vocative)
वस्ना1 (plural vocative)
वस्नम् (accusative singular)
वस्ने (accusative dual)
वस्नानि (accusative plural)
वस्ना1 (accusative plural)
वस्नेन (instrumental singular)
वस्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वस्नैः (instrumental plural)
वस्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वस्नाय (dative singular)
वस्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वस्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
वस्नात् (ablative singular)
वस्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वस्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वस्नस्य (genitive singular)
वस्नयोः (dual genitive)
वस्नानाम् (genitive plural)
वस्ने (locative singular)
वस्नयोः (dual locative)
वस्नेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wasnám, from Proto-Indo-European *wos-nó-, from *wes- (“to trade, sell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὦνος (ônos, “price”) and Latin vēndere (“to sell”). Also related to Persian بازار (bâzâr, “market”).

भूयसा वस्नम्अचरत्कनीयो...

He bid a small price for a thing of high value...

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā)

यत्कृषते यद्वनुते यच्च वस्नेन विन्दते ।
सर्वं मर्त्यस्य तन् नास्ति क्रव्याच्चेदनिराहितः ॥
yatkṛṣate yadvanute yacca vasnena vindate.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.2.36

Whatever man acquires by farming, by winning in war, and all that he obtains for a price
He loses all if the Carnivorous Fire is not set aside

sarvaṃ martyasya tan nāsti kravyāccedanirāhitaḥ.


अग्निपर्वत

agniparvata (romanization)
अग्निपर्वतः (nominative singular)
अग्निपर्वतौ (dual nominative)
अग्निपर्वता1 (dual nominative)
अग्निपर्वताः (nominative plural)
अग्निपर्वतासः1 (nominative plural)
अग्निपर्वत (singular vocative)
अग्निपर्वतौ (dual vocative)
अग्निपर्वता1 (dual vocative)
अग्निपर्वताः (plural vocative)
अग्निपर्वतासः1 (plural vocative)
अग्निपर्वतम् (accusative singular)
अग्निपर्वतौ (accusative dual)
अग्निपर्वता1 (accusative dual)
अग्निपर्वतान् (accusative plural)
अग्निपर्वतेन (instrumental singular)
अग्निपर्वताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्निपर्वतैः (instrumental plural)
अग्निपर्वतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अग्निपर्वताय (dative singular)
अग्निपर्वताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्निपर्वतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्निपर्वतात् (ablative singular)
अग्निपर्वताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्निपर्वतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्निपर्वतस्य (genitive singular)
अग्निपर्वतयोः (dual genitive)
अग्निपर्वतानाम् (genitive plural)
अग्निपर्वते (locative singular)
अग्निपर्वतयोः (dual locative)
अग्निपर्वतेषु (locative plural)

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అగ్నిపర్వతము

→ Telugu: అగ్నిపర్వతము (agniparvatamu) (learned)

/ɐɡ.n̪iˈpɐɾ.ʋɐ.t̪ɐ/

Compound of अग्नि (agni, “fire”) + पर्वत (parvata, “mountain”)


शम

śama (romanization)
शमः (nominative singular)
शम (singular vocative)
शमम् (accusative singular)
शमेन (instrumental singular)
शमाय (dative singular)
शमात् (ablative singular)
शमस्य (genitive singular)
शमे (locative singular)

Pali: sama

Prakrit: सम (sama)

From the root शम् (śam, “to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful”). Related to शान्ति (śānti), शान्त (śānta), शमन (śamana), शाम्यति (śāmyati).

sa-root

हर्षः कामश्च दर्पश्च धर्मः क्रोधः शमो दमः ।
अर्थादेतानि सर्वाणि प्रवर्तन्ते नराधिप ॥
harṣaḥ kāmaśca darpaśca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamo damaḥ.

Happiness, desire, arrogance, morality, anger, calmness, and self-control, in fact, all of these keep rotating, O king.

arthādetāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa.

धर्मे मे रमतां बुद्धिः शमे तपसि चेश्वर ॥

May my intellect abide by morality, calmness, and austerity, O Lord.

dharme me ramatāṃ buddhiḥ śame tapasi ceśvara.

शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥
śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca.

Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, patience, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and religiousness are the natural duties of a Brahmana.

jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam.

दृष्ट्वा हि त्वां प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा धृतिं न विन्दामि शमं च विष्णो ॥

Indeed, O Vishnu, on seeing you, my inner soul becomes perturbed; I feel not the firmness and calmness.

dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā dhṛtiṃ na vindāmi śamaṃ ca viṣṇo.

tranquillity, peacefulness, calmness, rest, equanimity, quietness

अशेषसंक्लेशशमं विधत्ते गुणानुवादश्रवणं मुरारेः ।

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.7.14.1

One can achieve the cessation of all sufferings, by listening to Lord Krishna's praise repeatingly.

aśeṣasaṃkleśaśamaṃ vidhatte guṇānuvādaśravaṇaṃ murāreḥ.

mitigation; pacification; cessation, extinction, ending

आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणमुच्यते ।
योगारूढस्य तस्यैव शमः कारणमुच्यते ॥
ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate.

For the muni yet to advance in yoga, work is said to be the means; for one who is already advanced, apathy is the means.

yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.


यजूंषि

sa-noun form

यजूंषि • (yájūṃṣi) n

/jɐ́.d͡ʑũː.ʂi/

/jɐˈd͡ʑũː.ʂi/

यजुस् यजुस्#Sanskrit

nominative/vocative/accusative plural of यजुस् (yájus)


पक्षिन्

pakṣín (romanization)
पक्षी (nominative singular)
पक्षिणौ (dual nominative)
पक्षिणा1 (dual nominative)
पक्षिणः (nominative plural)
पक्षिन् (singular vocative)
पक्षिणौ (dual vocative)
पक्षिणा1 (dual vocative)
पक्षिणः (plural vocative)
पक्षिणम् (accusative singular)
पक्षिणौ (accusative dual)
पक्षिणा1 (accusative dual)
पक्षिणः (accusative plural)
पक्षिणा (instrumental singular)
पक्षिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पक्षिभिः (instrumental plural)
पक्षिणे (dative singular)
पक्षिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पक्षिभ्यः (dative plural)
पक्षिणः (ablative singular)
पक्षिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पक्षिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पक्षिणः (genitive singular)
पक्षिणोः (dual genitive)
पक्षिणाम् (genitive plural)
पक्षिणि (locative singular)
पक्षिणोः (dual locative)
पक्षिषु (locative plural)

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Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀔𑀺 (pakhi /pakkhi/, “bird”)

Prakrit: pakkhi, paṃkhi

Brahmi script: 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺, 𑀧𑀁𑀔𑀺

Devanagari script: पक्खि, पंखि

Kannada script: ಪಕ್ಖಿ, ಪಂಖಿ

Dardic:

Torwali: پݜیِن (paṣīn)

Pali: pakkhin

Bengali: পঙ্খী (poṅkhi)

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Old Hindi: पंषी (paṃṣī), पंषि (pãṣi)
Hindustani: pañchī
Hindi: पंछी
Urdu: پَنْچِھی (panchī)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਪੰਛੀ (pañchī)

Shahmukhi script: پَنچھی (panchī)

Assamese: পক্ষী (pokhi)

Bengali: পক্ষী (pokkhi)

Gujarati: પક્ષી (pakṣī)

Hindi: पक्षी (pakṣī)

Kannada: ಪಕ್ಷಿ (pakṣi)

Khmer: បក្សី (baksəy)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: पक्षी

Latin script: pokxi

Lao: ປັກສີ (pak sī)

Malayalam: പക്ഷി (pakṣi)

Old Marathi: pakṣī

Devanagari script: पक्षी

Modi script: 𑘢𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘲

Tamil: பட்சி (paṭci)

Telugu: పక్షి (pakṣi)

Thai: ปักษิน (bpàk-sǐn)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peg-
Proto-Indo-European *-so-
Sanskrit पक्ष (pakṣa)
Sanskrit इन् (in)
Sanskrit पक्षिन् (pakṣin)
From पक्ष (pakṣá, “wing”) + -इन् (-ín, “possessor”).

af

आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नर्यु॒षा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती।
ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिण॑:॥
ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnáryuṣā́ yāti prabhuñjatī́.
jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇa:.

Rousing all life, she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds fly up.

Like a merry young woman Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:


अच्छभल्ल

acchabhalla (romanization)
अच्छभल्लः (nominative singular)
अच्छभल्लौ (dual nominative)
अच्छभल्ला1 (dual nominative)
अच्छभल्लाः (nominative plural)
अच्छभल्लासः1 (nominative plural)
अच्छभल्ल (singular vocative)
अच्छभल्लौ (dual vocative)
अच्छभल्ला1 (dual vocative)
अच्छभल्लाः (plural vocative)
अच्छभल्लासः1 (plural vocative)
अच्छभल्लम् (accusative singular)
अच्छभल्लौ (accusative dual)
अच्छभल्ला1 (accusative dual)
अच्छभल्लान् (accusative plural)
अच्छभल्लेन (instrumental singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अच्छभल्लैः (instrumental plural)
अच्छभल्लेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अच्छभल्लाय (dative singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अच्छभल्लेभ्यः (dative plural)
अच्छभल्लात् (ablative singular)
अच्छभल्लाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अच्छभल्लेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अच्छभल्लस्य (genitive singular)
अच्छभल्लयोः (dual genitive)
अच्छभल्लानाम् (genitive plural)
अच्छभल्ले (locative singular)
अच्छभल्लयोः (dual locative)
अच्छभल्लेषु (locative plural)

Marathi: अस्वल (asval)

/ɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐˈbʱɐl̪.l̪ɐ/

[ɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐˈbʱɐl̪.l̪ɐ]

From अच्छ (accha, “bear”) + भल्ल (bhalla, “bear”).


अधिपति

adhipáti (romanization)
अधिपतिः (nominative singular)
अधिपती (dual nominative)
अधिपतयः (nominative plural)
अधिपते (singular vocative)
अधिपती (dual vocative)
अधिपतयः (plural vocative)
अधिपतिम् (accusative singular)
अधिपती (accusative dual)
अधिपतीन् (accusative plural)
अधिपतिना (instrumental singular)
अधिपत्या1 (instrumental singular)
अधिपतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अधिपतिभिः (instrumental plural)
अधिपतये (dative singular)
अधिपतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अधिपतिभ्यः (dative plural)
अधिपतेः (ablative singular)
अधिपत्यः1 (ablative singular)
अधिपतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अधिपतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अधिपतेः (genitive singular)
अधिपत्यः1 (genitive singular)
अधिपत्योः (dual genitive)
अधिपतीनाम् (genitive plural)
अधिपतौ (locative singular)
अधिपता1 (locative singular)
अधिपत्योः (dual locative)
अधिपतिषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: adhipati
Javanese: ꦲꦢꦶꦥꦠꦶ (adipati)

Pali: adhipati

Burmese: အဓိပတိ (a.dhi.pa.ti.)

Khmer: អធិបតី (ʼaʼthipaʼdəy)

Thai: อธิบดี (à-típ-bɔɔ-dii)

Compound of अधि (adhi, “high, over”) + पति (páti, “lord”).

com+

(medicine) a particular part of the head (where a wound proves instantly fatal)


प्रगामन्

head

प्रगामन् • (pragāman) n

pragāman (romanization)
प्रगाम (nominative singular)
प्रगाम्णी (dual nominative)
प्रगामणी (dual nominative)
प्रगामाणि (nominative plural)
प्रगाम1 (nominative plural)
प्रगामा1 (nominative plural)
प्रगामन् (singular vocative)
प्रगाम (singular vocative)
प्रगाम्णी (dual vocative)
प्रगामणी (dual vocative)
प्रगामाणि (plural vocative)
प्रगाम1 (plural vocative)
प्रगामा1 (plural vocative)
प्रगाम (accusative singular)
प्रगाम्णी (accusative dual)
प्रगामणी (accusative dual)
प्रगामाणि (accusative plural)
प्रगाम1 (accusative plural)
प्रगामा1 (accusative plural)
प्रगाम्णा (instrumental singular)
प्रगामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रगामभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रगाम्णे (dative singular)
प्रगामभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रगामभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रगाम्णः (ablative singular)
प्रगामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रगामभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रगाम्णः (genitive singular)
प्रगाम्णोः (dual genitive)
प्रगाम्णाम् (genitive plural)
प्रगाम्णि (locative singular)
प्रगामणि (locative singular)
प्रगामन्1 (locative singular)
प्रगाम्णोः (dual locative)
प्रगामसु (locative plural)

From प्र- (pra-) + a lost noun *गामन् (*gāman), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéh₂-mn̥ ~ *gʷh₂-mén-s, from *gʷeh₂- (“to step”) (whence also जिगाति (jigāti)) + *-mn̥; this is equivalent to the root गा (gā) + -मन् (-man).


पाथस्

pā́thas (romanization)
पाथः (nominative singular)
पाथसी (dual nominative)
पाथांसि (nominative plural)
पाथः (singular vocative)
पाथसी (dual vocative)
पाथांसि (plural vocative)
पाथः (accusative singular)
पाथसी (accusative dual)
पाथांसि (accusative plural)
पाथसा (instrumental singular)
पाथोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाथोभिः (instrumental plural)
पाथसे (dative singular)
पाथोभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाथोभ्यः (dative plural)
पाथसः (ablative singular)
पाथोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाथोभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाथसः (genitive singular)
पाथसोः (dual genitive)
पाथसाम् (genitive plural)
पाथसि (locative singular)
पाथसोः (dual locative)
पाथःसु (locative plural)

/ˈpɑː.t̪ʰɐs̪/

तदस्य प्रियमभि पाथो अश्यां नरो यत्र देवयवो मदन्ति ।

May I attain to that his well-loved place where men devoted to the Devas are happy.

tadasya priyamabhi pātho aśyāṃ naro yatra devayavo madanti.

उन्नीयमानाः कविभिः पुरस्ताद्देवा देवानामपि यन्ति पाथः ॥

They, lifted up on high, by sages, eastward, go forth as Devas to the Devas' place.

unnīyamānāḥ kavibhiḥ purastāddevā devānāmapi yanti pāthaḥ.

उपावसृज त्मन्या समञ्जन्देवानां पाथ ऋतुथा हवींषि ।

Send to our offering which thyself thou balmest the Companies of Devas in ordered season.

upāvasṛja tmanyā samañjandevānāṃ pātha ṛtuthā havīṃṣi.

हरन्तां संतापं कमपि मरुदुल्लासलहरीछटाश्चञ्चत्पाथः कणसरणयो दिव्यसरितः ॥

harantāṃ saṃtāpaṃ kamapi marudullāsalaharīchaṭāścañcatpāthaḥ kaṇasaraṇayo divyasaritaḥ.

कबन्धमुदकं पाथः पुष्करं सर्वतोमुखम् ॥
kabandhamudakaṃ pāthaḥ puṣkaraṃ sarvatomukham.
kabandha, udaka, pāthas, puṣkara, sarvatomukha [Sanskrit words for water]

c. 400 CE – 700 CE, Amarasiṃha, Amarakośa 1.262.2


कङ्गुनी

káṅgunī (romanization)
कङ्गुनी (nominative singular)
कङ्गुन्यौ (dual nominative)
कङ्गुनी1 (dual nominative)
कङ्गुन्यः (nominative plural)
कङ्गुनीः1 (nominative plural)
कङ्गुनि (singular vocative)
कङ्गुन्यौ (dual vocative)
कङ्गुनी1 (dual vocative)
कङ्गुन्यः (plural vocative)
कङ्गुनीः1 (plural vocative)
कङ्गुनीम् (accusative singular)
कङ्गुन्यौ (accusative dual)
कङ्गुनी1 (accusative dual)
कङ्गुनीः (accusative plural)
कङ्गुन्या (instrumental singular)
कङ्गुनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कङ्गुनीभिः (instrumental plural)
कङ्गुन्यै (dative singular)
कङ्गुनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कङ्गुनीभ्यः (dative plural)
कङ्गुन्याः (ablative singular)
कङ्गुन्यै2 (ablative singular)
कङ्गुनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कङ्गुनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
कङ्गुन्याः (genitive singular)
कङ्गुन्यै2 (genitive singular)
कङ्गुन्योः (dual genitive)
कङ्गुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
कङ्गुन्याम् (locative singular)
कङ्गुन्योः (dual locative)
कङ्गुनीषु (locative plural)

Bengali: কাউন (kaun)

Gujarati: કંગ (kaṅg)

Hindi: कँगनी (kaṅgnī)

Nepali: कागुनी (kāgunī)

Punjabi: ਕੰਗਣੀ (kaṅgṇī)

कङ्गु (kaṅgu) + -नी (-nī), ultimately of substrate origin.

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


रामचन्द्र

rāmacandra (romanization)
रामचन्द्रः (nominative singular)
रामचन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
रामचन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
रामचन्द्राः (nominative plural)
रामचन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
रामचन्द्र (singular vocative)
रामचन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
रामचन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
रामचन्द्राः (plural vocative)
रामचन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
रामचन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
रामचन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
रामचन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
रामचन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
रामचन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
रामचन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामचन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
रामचन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रामचन्द्राय (dative singular)
रामचन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामचन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
रामचन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
रामचन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामचन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामचन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
रामचन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
रामचन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
रामचन्द्रे (locative singular)
रामचन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
रामचन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

→ English: Ramachandra

Hindi: रामचन्द्र (rāmcandra)

desc

இராமச்சந்திரன்

→ Tamil: இராமச்சந்திரன் (irāmaccantiraṉ)

/ɾɑː.mɐˈt͡ɕɐn̪.d̪ɾɐ/

Compound of राम (rāma, “Rāma”) + चन्द्र (candra, “moon”). Referring to Rama's gentle attitude or his beautiful face.


महाराजन्

mahārā́jan (romanization)
महाराजा (nominative singular)
महाराजानौ (dual nominative)
महाराजाना1 (dual nominative)
महाराजानः (nominative plural)
महाराजन् (singular vocative)
महाराजानौ (dual vocative)
महाराजाना1 (dual vocative)
महाराजानः (plural vocative)
महाराजानम् (accusative singular)
महाराजानौ (accusative dual)
महाराजाना1 (accusative dual)
महाराज्ञः (accusative plural)
महाराज्ञा (instrumental singular)
महाराजभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
महाराजभिः (instrumental plural)
महाराज्ञे (dative singular)
महाराजभ्याम् (dative dual)
महाराजभ्यः (dative plural)
महाराज्ञः (ablative singular)
महाराजभ्याम् (ablative dual)
महाराजभ्यः (ablative plural)
महाराज्ञः (genitive singular)
महाराज्ञोः (dual genitive)
महाराज्ञाम् (genitive plural)
महाराज्ञि (locative singular)
महाराजनि (locative singular)
महाराजन्1 (locative singular)
महाराज्ञोः (dual locative)
महाराजसु (locative plural)

Bengali: মহারাজা (moharaja)

desc

Chinese: 摩訶羅闍 /摩诃罗阇, 瑪哈拉賈 /玛哈拉贾, 穆落茶

Chinese: 摩訶羅闍 /摩诃罗阇, 瑪哈拉賈 /玛哈拉贾, 穆落茶

English: maharaja, maharajah

Hindi: महाराज (mahārāj)

Khmer: មហារាជ (mĕəʼhaariəc)

Malay: maharaja

Malayalam: മഹാരാജാവ് (mahārājāvŭ)

Marathi: महाराज (mahārāj)

Nepali: महाराज (mahārāj)

Punjabi: ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ (mahārājā)

Pali: mahārāja

Thai: มหาราช (má-hǎa-râat)

Tamil: மகாராஜா (makārājā)

Telugu: మహారాజు (mahārāju)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɑ́ː.d͡ʑɐn/

/mɐ.ɦɑːˈɾɑː.d͡ʑɐn̪/

Compound of महा (mahā́, “great”) + राजन् (rā́jan, “king”).


अग्रू

agrū́ (romanization)
अग्रूः (nominative singular)
अग्र्वौ (dual nominative)
अग्रू1 (dual nominative)
अग्रुवः (nominative plural)
अग्रु (singular vocative)
अग्र्वौ (dual vocative)
अग्रू1 (dual vocative)
अग्र्वः (plural vocative)
अग्रूः1 (plural vocative)
अग्रूम् (accusative singular)
अग्र्वौ (accusative dual)
अग्रू1 (accusative dual)
अग्रुवः (accusative plural)
अग्र्वा (instrumental singular)
अग्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
अग्रुवै (dative singular)
अग्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्र्वाः (ablative singular)
अग्र्वै2 (ablative singular)
अग्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्रुवः (genitive singular)
अग्र्वोः (dual genitive)
अग्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
अग्र्वाम् (locative singular)
अग्र्वोः (dual locative)
अग्रूषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *agrúH (“maid, unmarried girl, virgin”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-gʷrúh₂ (“not pregnant”, literally “not heavy”), from *gʷr̥h₂ús (“heavy”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬖𐬭𐬏 (aγrū), 𐬀𐬔𐬭𐬎 (agru, “unmarried girl, virgin, maiden”). Also compare Sogdian [script needed] (γrʾnh /γrān/, “heavy, pregnant”).

cog

स्वाध्यो वि दुरो देवयन्तोऽशिश्रयू रथयुर्देवताता ।
पूर्वी शिशुं न मातरा रिहाणे सम्अग्रुवो न समनेष्वञ्जन् ॥
svādhyò ví dúro devayántó’śiśrayū rathayúrdevátātā.

With holy thoughts the pious have gladly thrown open the Doors for chariots in the Gods’ assembly.
Like two full mother cows who lick their youngling, like maidens for the festival, they adorn them.

pūrvī́ śíśuṃ ná mātárā rihāṇé sámagrúvo ná sámaneṣvañjan

अयमा यात्यर्यमा पुरस्ताद्विषितस्तुपः ।
अस्या इच्छन्न्अग्रुवै पतिमुत जायामजानये ॥
अश्रमदियमर्यमन्नन्यासां समनं यती ।
अङ्गो न्वर्यमन्नस्या अन्याः समनमायति ॥
धाता दाधार पृथिवीं धाता द्यामुत सूर्यम् ।
धातास्या अग्रुवै पतिं दधातु प्रतिकाम्यम् ॥
ayámā́ yātyaryamā́ purástādvíṣitastupaḥ.
asyā́ ichánnagrúvai pátimutá jāyā́majā́naye.
áśramadiyámaryamannanyā́sāṃ sámanaṃ yatī́.
aṅgó nvàryamannasyā́ anyā́ḥ sámanamā́yati.
dhātā́ dādhāra pṛthivī́ṃ dhātā́ dyā́mutá sū́ryam.
dhātā́syā́ agrúvai pátiṃ dádhātu pratikāmyàm.
With forelock loosened over his brow here comes the wooer of the bride,
Seeking a husband for this maiden, a wife for this unmarried man.
Wooer! this girl hath toiled in vain, going to others' marriages.
Now to her wedding, verily, wooer, another maid shall come.
Dhātar upholds the spacious earth, upholds the sky, upholds the Sun.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.60

Dhātar bestow upon this maiden a husband suited to her wish!


नीक्षण

nī́kṣaṇa (romanization)
नीक्षणम् (nominative singular)
नीक्षणे (dual nominative)
नीक्षणानि (nominative plural)
नीक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
नीक्षण (singular vocative)
नीक्षणे (dual vocative)
नीक्षणानि (plural vocative)
नीक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
नीक्षणम् (accusative singular)
नीक्षणे (accusative dual)
नीक्षणानि (accusative plural)
नीक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
नीक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
नीक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नीक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
नीक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नीक्षणाय (dative singular)
नीक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नीक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
नीक्षणात् (ablative singular)
नीक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नीक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नीक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
नीक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
नीक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
नीक्षणे (locative singular)
नीक्षणयोः (dual locative)
नीक्षणेषु (locative plural)

/níːk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

/ˈn̪iːk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

From the root निक्ष् (nikṣ) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *nayȷ́žʰ- (“to pierce”), with unetymological vowel lengthening. Related to नेक्षण (nekṣaṇa) (attested in Atharvaveda, which has regular guṇation of the root) and cognate to Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza, “tip of a needle”). Also compare Persian نیش (niš, “lance”), نیزه (“spear”).

cog

यन् नीक्षणं मांस्पचन्या उखाया या पात्राणि यूष्ण आसेचनानि । ऊष्मण्यापिधाना चरूणाम् अङ्काः सूनाः परि भूषन्त्य् अश्वम् ॥

The ladle of the meat-cooking cauldron, the vessels out of which the broth is sprinkled, The warming-pots, the covers of the dishes, hooks, carving-boards,-all these attend the Charger.

yan nīkṣaṇaṃ māṃspacanyā ukhāyā yā pātrāṇi yūṣṇa āsecanāni. ūṣmaṇyāpidhānā carūṇām aṅkāḥ sūnāḥ pari bhūṣanty aśvam.

Ralph T. H. Griffith
w:Ralph T. H. Griffith

Monier Williams
w:Monier Monier-Williams

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press

Arthur Berriedale Keith
w:Arthur Berriedale Keith

Arthur Anthony Macdonell
w:Arthur Anthony Macdonell

a long stick, possibly used variously as a spit, a fork and a ladle


रंहस्

raṃhas (romanization)
रंहः (nominative singular)
रंहसी (dual nominative)
रंहांसि (nominative plural)
रंहः (singular vocative)
रंहसी (dual vocative)
रंहांसि (plural vocative)
रंहः (accusative singular)
रंहसी (accusative dual)
रंहांसि (accusative plural)
रंहसा (instrumental singular)
रंहोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रंहोभिः (instrumental plural)
रंहसे (dative singular)
रंहोभ्याम् (dative dual)
रंहोभ्यः (dative plural)
रंहसः (ablative singular)
रंहोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रंहोभ्यः (ablative plural)
रंहसः (genitive singular)
रंहसोः (dual genitive)
रंहसाम् (genitive plural)
रंहसि (locative singular)
रंहसोः (dual locative)
रंहःसु (locative plural)

From the root रंह् (raṃh, “to speed up, hasten”) + -अस् (-as).

sa-root

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

गुरुणैवमनुज्ञातौ रथेनानिलरंहसा ।

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.45.49.1

Permitted by their guru, they both [returned to their city] by their chariot with speed of wind.

वासुदेवाङ्घ्र्यनुध्यानपरिबृंहितरंहसा । भक्त्या निर्मथिताशेषकषायधिषणोऽर्जुनः ॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 1.15.29

Arjuna’s constant remembrance of the lotus feet of Lord Krishna rapidly (literally, “with great celerity”) increased his devotion, and as a result of this devotion, all the trash in his thoughts subsided.

यः परं रंहसः साक्षात्त्रिगुणाज्जीवसंज्ञितात् । भगवन्तं वासुदेवं प्रपन्नः स प्रियो हि मे ॥
yaḥ paraṃ raṃhasaḥ sākṣāttriguṇājjīvasaṃjñitāt. bhagavantaṃ vāsudevaṃ prapannaḥ sa priyo hi me.
Any person who is surrendered to Lord Krishna — ablating from vehemence, the three guṇas [sattva, rajas, tamas] and what is known to the living — is certainly very dear to me.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.24.28


कुम्भकार

kumbhakāra (romanization)
कुम्भकारः (nominative singular)
कुम्भकारौ (dual nominative)
कुम्भकाराः (nominative plural)
कुम्भकार (singular vocative)
कुम्भकारौ (dual vocative)
कुम्भकाराः (plural vocative)
कुम्भकारम् (accusative singular)
कुम्भकारौ (accusative dual)
कुम्भकारान् (accusative plural)
कुम्भकारेण (instrumental singular)
कुम्भकाराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुम्भकारैः (instrumental plural)
कुम्भकाराय (dative singular)
कुम्भकाराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुम्भकारेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुम्भकारात् (ablative singular)
कुम्भकाराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुम्भकारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुम्भकारस्य (genitive singular)
कुम्भकारयोः (dual genitive)
कुम्भकाराणाम् (genitive plural)
कुम्भकारे (locative singular)
कुम्भकारयोः (dual locative)
कुम्भकारेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kumbhakāra

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀁𑀪𑀆𑀭 (kuṃbhaāra) (see there for further descendants)

Assamese: কুম্ভকাৰ (kumbhokar)

Bengali: কুম্ভকার (kumbhokar)

Gujarati: કુંભકાર (kumbhkār)

Hindi: कुंभकार (kumbhkār)

Old Javanese: kumbhakara

Javanese: ꦏꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦫ (kumbakara)

→ Indonesian: kumbakara

Malayalam: കുംഭകാരന് (kumbhakāraṉ)

Marathi: कुंभकार (kumbhkār)

Odia: କୁମ୍ଭକାର (kumbhakāra)

Sinhalese: කුම්භකාරයා (kumbhakārayā)

Tamil: கும்பகாரன் (kumpakāraṉ)

Tatpuruṣa compound of कुम्भ (kumbhá, “pot”) + कार (kāra, “maker, doer”).

com

मृद्दण्डचक्रसूत्राद्याः कुम्भकाराद्ऋते यथा ।
नावहन्ति गुणं वैद्यादृते पादत्रयं तथा ॥
mṛddaṇḍacakrasūtrādyāḥ kumbhakārādṛte yathā.
nāvahanti guṇaṃ vaidyādṛte pādatrayaṃ tathā.
As the clay, baton, thread and wheel are of no use without a potter, so are the three pādas [medicine, attendant, and patient] without a physician.

c. 600 BCE – 200 BCE, Caraka, Caraka Saṃhitā 1.9.13

मणिकाराश्च ये केचित्कुम्भकाराश्च शोभनाः ।
सूत्रकर्मकृतश्चैव ये च शस्त्रोपजीविनः ॥
मायूरकाः क्राकचिका रोचकाः वेधकास्तथा ।
दन्तकाराः सुधाकारास्तथा गन्धोपजीविनः ॥
सुवर्णकाराः प्रख्यातास्तथा कम्बलधावकाः ।
स्नापकोष्णोदका वैद्या धूपकाः शौण्डिकास्तथा ॥
रजकास्तुन्नवायाश्च ग्रामघोषमहत्तराः ।
शैलूषाश्च सह स्त्रीभिर्ययुः कैवर्तकास्तथा ॥
maṇikārāśca ye kecitkumbhakārāśca śobhanāḥ.
sūtrakarmakṛtaścaiva ye ca śastropajīvinaḥ.
māyūrakāḥ krākacikā rocakāḥ vedhakāstathā.
dantakārāḥ sudhākārāstathā gandhopajīvinaḥ.
suvarṇakārāḥ prakhyātāstathā kambaladhāvakāḥ.
snāpakoṣṇodakā vaidyā dhūpakāḥ śauṇḍikāstathā.
rajakāstunnavāyāśca grāmaghoṣamahattarāḥ.

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.83.12–15

All those who were jewellers, potters, carpenters, armourers, makers of articles with peacock-feathers, perforators of shells and ornaments, ivorysmiths, plasterers, perfumers, goldsmiths, woollen-washers, hot-water bathers, physicians, incense-makers, liquor-vendors, washermen, tailors, village headmen, actors, fishermen, along with women, all went [following Bharata].

śailūṣāśca saha strībhiryayuḥ kaivartakāstathā.


होड

hoḍa (romanization)
होडः (nominative singular)
होडौ (dual nominative)
होडाः (nominative plural)
होड (singular vocative)
होडौ (dual vocative)
होडाः (plural vocative)
होडम् (accusative singular)
होडौ (accusative dual)
होडान् (accusative plural)
होडेन (instrumental singular)
होडाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
होडैः (instrumental plural)
होडाय (dative singular)
होडाभ्याम् (dative dual)
होडेभ्यः (dative plural)
होडात् (ablative singular)
होडाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
होडेभ्यः (ablative plural)
होडस्य (genitive singular)
होडयोः (dual genitive)
होडानाम् (genitive plural)
होडे (locative singular)
होडयोः (dual locative)
होडेषु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-South Dravidian *cōṭ-
Proto-South Dravidian *cōṭamder.
Sanskrit होड (hoḍa)
Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *cōṭam (“boat”); compare Kannada ಓಡ (ōḍa).

etymon

އޮޑި

*होडिका (hoḍikā)

*होडिका (hoḍikā)

Gujarati: હોડી→? Arabic: هُورِيّ→ Swahili: hori→ Tigre: ሆሪ

होडी

*होडिका (hoḍikā)