बुलबुल

bulabula (romanization)
बुलबुलः (nominative singular)
बुलबुलौ (dual nominative)
बुलबुलाः (nominative plural)
बुलबुल (singular vocative)
बुलबुलौ (dual vocative)
बुलबुलाः (plural vocative)
बुलबुलम् (accusative singular)
बुलबुलौ (accusative dual)
बुलबुलान् (accusative plural)
बुलबुलेन (instrumental singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुलबुलैः (instrumental plural)
बुलबुलाय (dative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुलबुलात् (ablative singular)
बुलबुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुलबुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुलबुलस्य (genitive singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual genitive)
बुलबुलानाम् (genitive plural)
बुलबुले (locative singular)
बुलबुलयोः (dual locative)
बुलबुलेषु (locative plural)

अस्मिता — अपि सन्ति बुलबुलाः अत्र?
 नियामकः — तेऽपि सन्ति। शृणु, शृणु बुलबुलगानं पेरुकवाटिकायाम्।

Asmitā — Are there nightingales here too?
 Niyāmaka — They are there too. Listen, listen to the nightingale-song in Perukavāṭikā.

asmitā — api santi bulabulāḥ atra?
 niyāmakaḥ — teʼpi santi. śṛṇu, śṛṇu bulabulagānaṃ perukavāṭikāyām.


कार

kāra (romanization)
कारः (nominative singular)
कारौ (dual nominative)
कारा1 (dual nominative)
काराः (nominative plural)
कारासः1 (nominative plural)
कार (singular vocative)
कारौ (dual vocative)
कारा1 (dual vocative)
काराः (plural vocative)
कारासः1 (plural vocative)
कारम् (accusative singular)
कारौ (accusative dual)
कारा1 (accusative dual)
कारान् (accusative plural)
कारेण (instrumental singular)
काराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कारैः (instrumental plural)
कारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काराय (dative singular)
काराभ्याम् (dative dual)
कारेभ्यः (dative plural)
कारात् (ablative singular)
काराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कारस्य (genitive singular)
कारयोः (dual genitive)
काराणाम् (genitive plural)
कारे (locative singular)
कारयोः (dual locative)
कारेषु (locative plural)

the term used in designating a letter or sound or indeclinable word

a heap of snow or a mountain covered with it


मृग

mṛgá (romanization)
मृगः (nominative singular)
मृगौ (dual nominative)
मृगा1 (dual nominative)
मृगाः (nominative plural)
मृगासः1 (nominative plural)
मृग (singular vocative)
मृगौ (dual vocative)
मृगा1 (dual vocative)
मृगाः (plural vocative)
मृगासः1 (plural vocative)
मृगम् (accusative singular)
मृगौ (accusative dual)
मृगा1 (accusative dual)
मृगान् (accusative plural)
मृगेण (instrumental singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मृगैः (instrumental plural)
मृगेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मृगाय (dative singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मृगेभ्यः (dative plural)
मृगात् (ablative singular)
मृगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मृगेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मृगस्य (genitive singular)
मृगयोः (dual genitive)
मृगाणाम् (genitive plural)
मृगे (locative singular)
मृगयोः (dual locative)
मृगेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: mru (“mountain goat”)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀅 (mia)

Pali: maga, miga

→ Thai: มิคะ (mí-ká)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀅 (maa)

→ Bengali: মৃগ (mrig, “deer”)

→ Kannada: ಮೃಗ (mṛga)

→ Malayalam: മൃഗം (mr̥gaṁ)

→ Tamil: மிருகம் (mirukam)

→ Thai: มฤค (má-rʉ́k)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás (“forest animal”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀 (mər^əγa, “bird”), Sogdian 𐼺𐽀𐼲𐼷 (mrɣy, “bird”). Also related to Persian مرغ (morğ, “hen”).

inh

धा॒रा॒व॒रा म॒रुतो॑ धृ॒ष्ण्वो॑जसो मृ॒गा न भी॒मास्तवि॑षीभिर॒र्चिन॑:।
अ॒ग्नयो॒ न शु॑शुचा॒ना ऋ॑जी॒षिणो॒ भृमिं॒ धम॑न्तो॒ अप॒ गा अ॑वृण्वत॥
dhārāvarā́ marúto dhṛṣṇvòjaso mṛgā́ ná bhīmā́stáviṣībhirarcína:.

The Maruts, shedders of showers, endowed with resistless might, like formidable wild beasts, reverencing the world by their energies, resplendent as fires, laden with water, and blowing about the wandering cloud, give vent to its collected rain.

agnáyo ná śuśucānā́ ṛjīṣíṇo bhṛ́miṃ dhámanto ápa gā́ avṛṇvata.

(especially) a deer, gazelle, antelope, stag, musk-deer


शाल

śālá (romanization)
शालः (nominative singular)
शालौ (dual nominative)
शाला1 (dual nominative)
शालाः (nominative plural)
शालासः1 (nominative plural)
शाल (singular vocative)
शालौ (dual vocative)
शाला1 (dual vocative)
शालाः (plural vocative)
शालासः1 (plural vocative)
शालम् (accusative singular)
शालौ (accusative dual)
शाला1 (accusative dual)
शालान् (accusative plural)
शालेन (instrumental singular)
शालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शालैः (instrumental plural)
शालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शालाय (dative singular)
शालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शालेभ्यः (dative plural)
शालात् (ablative singular)
शालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शालस्य (genitive singular)
शालयोः (dual genitive)
शालानाम् (genitive plural)
शाले (locative singular)
शालयोः (dual locative)
शालेषु (locative plural)

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta#Translingual

Channa striata
Channa striata#Translingual

a kind of fish (Channa striata, syn. Ophiocephalus wrahl)

an enclosure, court, fence, rampart, wall


किशोर

kiśora (romanization)
किशोरः (nominative singular)
किशोरौ (dual nominative)
किशोराः (nominative plural)
किशोर (singular vocative)
किशोरौ (dual vocative)
किशोराः (plural vocative)
किशोरम् (accusative singular)
किशोरौ (accusative dual)
किशोरान् (accusative plural)
किशोरेन (instrumental singular)
किशोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
किशोरैः (instrumental plural)
किशोराय (dative singular)
किशोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
किशोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
किशोरात् (ablative singular)
किशोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
किशोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
किशोरस्य (genitive singular)
किशोरयोः (dual genitive)
किशोरानाम् (genitive plural)
किशोरे (locative singular)
किशोरयोः (dual locative)
किशोरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of किशोर

किशोराभ्याम्

किशोराभ्याम्

किशोराभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

किशोराभ्याम्

किशोराभ्याम्

किशोराभ्याम्

→ Hindi: किशोरा (kiśorā)

desc

→ Malayalam: കിശോരൻ (kiśōraṉ), കിശോർ (kiśōṟ)

→ Tocharian B: kiśore


क्षौरी

kṣaurī (romanization)
क्षौरी (nominative singular)
क्षौर्यौ (dual nominative)
क्षौर्यः (nominative plural)
क्षौरि (singular vocative)
क्षौर्यौ (dual vocative)
क्षौर्यः (plural vocative)
क्षौरीम् (accusative singular)
क्षौर्यौ (accusative dual)
क्षौरीः (accusative plural)
क्षौर्या (instrumental singular)
क्षौरीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षौरीभिः (instrumental plural)
क्षौर्यै (dative singular)
क्षौरीभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षौरीभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षौर्याः (ablative singular)
क्षौरीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षौरीभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षौर्याः (genitive singular)
क्षौर्योः (dual genitive)
क्षौरीनाम् (genitive plural)
क्षौर्याम् (locative singular)
क्षौर्योः (dual locative)
क्षौरीषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ī-stem declension of क्षौरी

क्षौरीभ्याम्

क्षौरीभ्याम्

क्षौरीभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

क्षौरीभ्याम्

क्षौरीभ्याम्

क्षौरीभ्याम्


क्षौर

kṣaura (romanization)
क्षौरः (nominative singular)
क्षौरौ (dual nominative)
क्षौराः (nominative plural)
क्षौर (singular vocative)
क्षौरौ (dual vocative)
क्षौराः (plural vocative)
क्षौरम् (accusative singular)
क्षौरौ (accusative dual)
क्षौरान् (accusative plural)
क्षौरेन (instrumental singular)
क्षौराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षौरैः (instrumental plural)
क्षौराय (dative singular)
क्षौराभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षौरेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षौरात् (ablative singular)
क्षौराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षौरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षौरस्य (genitive singular)
क्षौरयोः (dual genitive)
क्षौरानाम् (genitive plural)
क्षौरे (locative singular)
क्षौरयोः (dual locative)
क्षौरेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of क्षौर

क्षौराभ्याम्

क्षौराभ्याम्

क्षौराभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

क्षौराभ्याम्

क्षौराभ्याम्

क्षौराभ्याम्

Assamese: ক্ষৌৰ (khour)

Bengali: ক্ষৌর (khōur)

Hindi: क्षौर (kṣaur)

Marathi: क्षौर (kṣaur)

Nepali: क्षौर् (kṣaur)

desc

Odia: କ୍ଷୌର (kshaura), ଖିଅର (khiara), ଛଅର (chaara)

Tamil: க்ஷௌரம் (kṣauram)

Telugu: క్షౌరము (kṣauramu)


मित्रा

sa-noun form

मित्रा • (mitrā́)

मित्र मित्र#Sanskrit

masculine nominative/vocative/accusative dual of मित्र (mitrá, “friend”)

मित्र मित्र#Sanskrit

neuter nominative/vocative/accusative plural of मित्र (mitrá, “friend”)

मित्र मित्र#Sanskrit

feminine nominative singular of मित्र (mitrá, “friend”)


राग

rāga (romanization)
रागः (nominative singular)
रागौ (dual nominative)
रागा1 (dual nominative)
रागाः (nominative plural)
रागासः1 (nominative plural)
राग (singular vocative)
रागौ (dual vocative)
रागा1 (dual vocative)
रागाः (plural vocative)
रागासः1 (plural vocative)
रागम् (accusative singular)
रागौ (accusative dual)
रागा1 (accusative dual)
रागान् (accusative plural)
रागेण (instrumental singular)
रागाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रागैः (instrumental plural)
रागेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रागाय (dative singular)
रागाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रागेभ्यः (dative plural)
रागात् (ablative singular)
रागाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रागेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रागस्य (genitive singular)
रागयोः (dual genitive)
रागाणाम् (genitive plural)
रागे (locative singular)
रागयोः (dual locative)
रागेषु (locative plural)

→ English: raga

→ Hindi: राग (rāg) (learned)

→ Kannada: ರಾಗ (rāga)

→ Malayalam: രാഗം (rāgaṁ)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘰𑘐 (rāga)

Marathi: राग (rāg)

→ Punjabi: ਰਾਗ (rāg)

→ Tamil: இராகம் (irākam)

→ Telugu: రాగము (rāgamu)

→ Urdu: راگ (rāg)

(Vedic) dye, colour, especially red colour

(Classical Sanskrit) beauty, loveliness, especially of a voice or song

(Classical Sanskrit) melody, harmony, "raga"


अवतार

ávatāra (romanization)
अवतारः (nominative singular)
अवतारौ (dual nominative)
अवतारा1 (dual nominative)
अवताराः (nominative plural)
अवतारासः1 (nominative plural)
अवतार (singular vocative)
अवतारौ (dual vocative)
अवतारा1 (dual vocative)
अवताराः (plural vocative)
अवतारासः1 (plural vocative)
अवतारम् (accusative singular)
अवतारौ (accusative dual)
अवतारा1 (accusative dual)
अवतारान् (accusative plural)
अवतारेण (instrumental singular)
अवताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवतारैः (instrumental plural)
अवतारेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अवताराय (dative singular)
अवताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवतारेभ्यः (dative plural)
अवतारात् (ablative singular)
अवताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवतारेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवतारस्य (genitive singular)
अवतारयोः (dual genitive)
अवताराणाम् (genitive plural)
अवतारे (locative singular)
अवतारयोः (dual locative)
अवतारेषु (locative plural)

→ Bengali: অবতার (obotar)

→ Burmese: အဝတာရ (a.wa.tara.)

→ Gujarati: અવતાર (avatār)

desctree

→ Hindi: अवतार (avtār)
→ English: avatar, avatara (rare)
→ Japanese: アバター
→ French: avatar

→ Kannada: ಅವತಾರ (avatāra)

→ Malayalam: അവതാരം (avatāraṁ)

→ Old Javanese: awatāra
→ Balinese: ᬅᬯᬢᬵᬭ (awatara)
→ Indonesian: awatara

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘪𑘝𑘰𑘨 (avatāra)

Marathi: अवतार (avtār)

Punjabi: ਅਵਤਾਰ (avatār)

→ Tamil: அவதாரம் (avatāram)

→ Telugu: అవతారము (avatāramu)

→ Thai: อวตาร (à-wá-dtaan)

→ Urdu: اوتار (avatār)

/ɐ́.ʋɐ.tɑː.ɾɐ/

/ɐ.ʋɐˈt̪ɑː.ɾɐ/

Compound of अव (áva, “down”) + तार (tāra, “across”).

com+

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 12

Madanaś chala|caurāṇāṃ / strī|vacanaṃ jñāti|bhedānām
krūraś caṇḍālānāṃ / †māyāvī kali
The God of love among sneaky thieves, / women’s words among dividers of kinsmen,

c. 1000, Kṣemendra, Kalāvilasā 10.10.21.yug’|âvatārāṇām†;

a cruel one among chandálas, / a necromancer among those incarnated / in the age of darkness;

avatar: descent (especially of a deity from heaven), appearance of any deity upon earth (but more particularly the incarnations of Vishnu in ten principal forms, namely Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rāma, Krishna, Buddha, and Kalki)

c. 400 CE, Kālidāsa, Raghuvaṃśa 3.36

any distinguished person in the language of respect is called an avatāra or incarnation of a deity

तीर्थ तीर्थ#Sanskrit


मेष

मे॒ष (canonical)
meṣá (romanization)
मेषः (nominative singular)
मेषौ (dual nominative)
मेषा1 (dual nominative)
मेषाः (nominative plural)
मेषासः1 (nominative plural)
मेष (singular vocative)
मेषौ (dual vocative)
मेषा1 (dual vocative)
मेषाः (plural vocative)
मेषासः1 (plural vocative)
मेषम् (accusative singular)
मेषौ (accusative dual)
मेषा1 (accusative dual)
मेषान् (accusative plural)
मेषेण (instrumental singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेषैः (instrumental plural)
मेषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मेषाय (dative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (dative plural)
मेषात् (ablative singular)
मेषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेषस्य (genitive singular)
मेषयोः (dual genitive)
मेषाणाम् (genitive plural)
मेषे (locative singular)
मेषयोः (dual locative)
मेषेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: meṣ

Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀲 (mesa) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Burmese: မိဿ (mi.ssa.)

→ Kannada: ಮೇಷ (mēṣa)

→ Khmer: មេសា (meisaa)

→ Hindi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Marathi: मेष (meṣ)

→ Odia: ମେଷ (mesha)

→ Tamil: மேஷம் (mēṣam)

→ Thai: เมษ (mêet)

→ Malayalam: മേഷം (mēṣaṁ), മേടം (mēṭaṁ)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *moysós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás
Sanskrit मे॒ष (meṣá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mayšás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (maēša), Persian میش (miš), Proto-Slavic *mě̑xъ (“leather bag, sack”).

etymon

मे॒ष

cog

त्यं सु मे॒षं म॑हया स्व॒र्विदं॑ श॒तं यस्य॑ सु॒भ्व॑: सा॒कमीर॑ते।
अत्यं॒ न वाजं॑ हवन॒स्यदं॒ रथ॒मेन्द्रं॑ ववृत्या॒मव॑से सुवृ॒क्तिभि॑:॥
tyáṃ sú meṣáṃ mahayā svarvídaṃ śatáṃ yásya subhvà: sākámī́rate.

Worship well that ram who makes heaven known, whom a hundred worshippers at once are assiduous in praising. I implore Indra with many prayers to ascend the car, which hastens like a fleet courser to the sacrificer for my protection.

átyaṃ ná vā́jaṃ havanasyádaṃ ráthaméndraṃ vavṛtyāmávase suvṛktíbhi:.

(astrology) the sign of the zodiac Aries or the first arc of 30 degrees in a circle


वलय

valaya (romanization)
वलयः (nominative singular)
वलयौ (dual nominative)
वलया1 (dual nominative)
वलयाः (nominative plural)
वलयासः1 (nominative plural)
वलय (singular vocative)
वलयौ (dual vocative)
वलया1 (dual vocative)
वलयाः (plural vocative)
वलयासः1 (plural vocative)
वलयम् (accusative singular)
वलयौ (accusative dual)
वलया1 (accusative dual)
वलयान् (accusative plural)
वलयेन (instrumental singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वलयैः (instrumental plural)
वलयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वलयाय (dative singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वलयेभ्यः (dative plural)
वलयात् (ablative singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वलयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वलयस्य (genitive singular)
वलययोः (dual genitive)
वलयानाम् (genitive plural)
वलये (locative singular)
वलययोः (dual locative)
वलयेषु (locative plural)
वलयम् (nominative singular)
वलये (dual nominative)
वलयानि (nominative plural)
वलया1 (nominative plural)
वलय (singular vocative)
वलये (dual vocative)
वलयानि (plural vocative)
वलया1 (plural vocative)
वलयम् (accusative singular)
वलये (accusative dual)
वलयानि (accusative plural)
वलया1 (accusative plural)
वलयेन (instrumental singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वलयैः (instrumental plural)
वलयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वलयाय (dative singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वलयेभ्यः (dative plural)
वलयात् (ablative singular)
वलयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वलयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वलयस्य (genitive singular)
वलययोः (dual genitive)
वलयानाम् (genitive plural)
वलये (locative singular)
वलययोः (dual locative)
वलयेषु (locative plural)

/ˈʋɐ.l̪ɐ.jɐ/

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”), per Pokorny. However, later linguists such as Mayrhofer and Persson reject this etymology, preferring to link the word with either वल् (val, “to turn round”) or to Dravidian; compare Tamil வளை (vaḷai, “to bend”).

inh

a bracelet, armlet, ring (worn by men and women on the wrist)

(figuratively) waves (as compared to bracelets)

a circle, circumference, round enclosure


वलय

/ˈʋɐ.l̪ɐ.jɐ/

a sore throat, inflammation of the larynx


वलय

/ˈʋɐ.l̪ɐ.jɐ/


उमा

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual


घर्म

घ॒र्म (canonical)
gharmá (romanization)
घृ (root)
घर्मः (nominative singular)
घर्मौ (dual nominative)
घर्मा1 (dual nominative)
घर्माः (nominative plural)
घर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
घर्म (singular vocative)
घर्मौ (dual vocative)
घर्मा1 (dual vocative)
घर्माः (plural vocative)
घर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
घर्मम् (accusative singular)
घर्मौ (accusative dual)
घर्मा1 (accusative dual)
घर्मान् (accusative plural)
घर्मेण (instrumental singular)
घर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घर्मैः (instrumental plural)
घर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घर्माय (dative singular)
घर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
घर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
घर्मात् (ablative singular)
घर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घर्मस्य (genitive singular)
घर्मयोः (dual genitive)
घर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
घर्मे (locative singular)
घर्मयोः (dual locative)
घर्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: ghamma

Prakrit: 𑀖𑀫𑁆𑀫 (ghamma) (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: घर्म (gharm)

Urdu: گھَرْم (gharm)

→ Gujarati: ઘર્મ (gharma)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-European *-mós
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás
Sanskrit घ॒र्म (gharmá)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- + *-mós.
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (gar^əma, “hot; warmth”), Persian گرم (garm), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, furnus.

etymon

घ॒र्म

यु॒वं ह॑ घ॒र्मं मधु॑मन्त॒मत्र॑ये॒ऽपो न क्षोदो॑ऽवृणीतमे॒षे ।
तद्वां॑ नरावश्विना॒ पश्व॑इष्टी॒ रथ्ये॑व च॒क्रा प्रति॑ यन्ति॒ मध्वः॑ ॥
yuváṃ ha gharmáṃ mádhumantamátrayeʼpó ná kṣódoʼvṛṇītameṣé.
tádvāṃ narāvaśvinā páśvaïṣṭī ráthyeva cakrā́ práti yanti mádhvaḥ.
Ye made the fierce heat to be full of sweetness for Atri at his wish, like streaming water.

Fire-offering thence is yours, O Aśvins, Heroes: your car-wheels speed to us like springs of honey.


परशु

paraśú (romanization)
परशुः (nominative singular)
परशू (dual nominative)
परशवः (nominative plural)
परशो (singular vocative)
परशू (dual vocative)
परशवः (plural vocative)
परशुम् (accusative singular)
परशू (accusative dual)
परशून् (accusative plural)
परशुना (instrumental singular)
परश्वा1 (instrumental singular)
परशुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परशुभिः (instrumental plural)
परशवे (dative singular)
परश्वे1 (dative singular)
परशुभ्याम् (dative dual)
परशुभ्यः (dative plural)
परशोः (ablative singular)
परश्वः1 (ablative singular)
परशुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परशुभ्यः (ablative plural)
परशोः (genitive singular)
परश्वः1 (genitive singular)
परश्वोः (dual genitive)
परशूनाम् (genitive plural)
परशौ (locative singular)
परश्वोः (dual locative)
परशुषु (locative plural)

Pali: parasu, pharasu

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀲𑀼 (parasu)

Central:

Hindustani: parsā, parsiyā

desc

Hindi: परसा, परसिया

Hindi: परसा, परसिया

Urdu: پَرسا, پَرسِیَ

Urdu: پَرسا, پَرسِیَ

Northwestern:

Punjabi: pharsā

Shahmukhi script: پھَرسا

Gurmukhi script: ਫਰਸਾ

Southern:

Dhivehi: ފުރޯ (furō)

Marathi: फरस (pharas), फरशी (pharśī)

Sinhalese: පොරොව (porowa)

Prakrit: 𑀨𑀭𑀲𑀼 (pharasu)

Northern:

Kumaoni: फर्स (phars)

Nepali: फर्सा (pharsā)

Western:

Gujarati: ફરશી (pharśī)

→ Tamil: பரசு (paracu)

Cognate with Ossetian фӕрӕт (færæt, “axe”) and Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”), and hence apparently reconstructible back to Proto-Indo-European as *peleḱús (“axe”), though not derivable from PIE morphology or known roots. The word is often considered a Wanderwort, and the similarity of Akkadian 𒁄 (pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle, harp”) (from Sumerian 𒁄 (balag, “wooden handle; spindle, harp; possibly a split piece of wood or wooden wedge”)) has led some to suggest that the Proto-Indo-European word is a borrowing of the Akkadian word. Alternatively from another Semitic word, from the root *palaq- (compare Arabic فَلَقَ (falaqa, “to split apart”)) .


परुष

paruṣa (romanization)
परुषः (nominative singular)
परुषौ (dual nominative)
परुषा1 (dual nominative)
परुषाः (nominative plural)
परुषासः1 (nominative plural)
परुष (singular vocative)
परुषौ (dual vocative)
परुषा1 (dual vocative)
परुषाः (plural vocative)
परुषासः1 (plural vocative)
परुषम् (accusative singular)
परुषौ (accusative dual)
परुषा1 (accusative dual)
परुषान् (accusative plural)
परुषेण (instrumental singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परुषैः (instrumental plural)
परुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
परुषाय (dative singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
परुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
परुषात् (ablative singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
परुषस्य (genitive singular)
परुषयोः (dual genitive)
परुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
परुषे (locative singular)
परुषयोः (dual locative)
परुषेषु (locative plural)

phalsa (Grewia asiatica) or cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum)


परुष

paruṣa (romanization)
परुषम् (nominative singular)
परुषे (dual nominative)
परुषाणि (nominative plural)
परुषा1 (nominative plural)
परुष (singular vocative)
परुषे (dual vocative)
परुषाणि (plural vocative)
परुषा1 (plural vocative)
परुषम् (accusative singular)
परुषे (accusative dual)
परुषाणि (accusative plural)
परुषा1 (accusative plural)
परुषेण (instrumental singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परुषैः (instrumental plural)
परुषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
परुषाय (dative singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
परुषेभ्यः (dative plural)
परुषात् (ablative singular)
परुषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परुषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
परुषस्य (genitive singular)
परुषयोः (dual genitive)
परुषाणाम् (genitive plural)
परुषे (locative singular)
परुषयोः (dual locative)
परुषेषु (locative plural)

harsh and contumelious speech, abuse, etc.


आलु

ālu (romanization)
आलुः (nominative singular)
आलू (dual nominative)
आलवः (nominative plural)
आलो (singular vocative)
आलू (dual vocative)
आलवः (plural vocative)
आलुम् (accusative singular)
आलू (accusative dual)
आलूः (accusative plural)
आल्वा (instrumental singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आलुभिः (instrumental plural)
आलवे (dative singular)
आल्वै1 (dative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आलुभ्यः (dative plural)
आलोः (ablative singular)
आल्वाः1 (ablative singular)
आल्वै2 (ablative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आलुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आलोः (genitive singular)
आल्वाः1 (genitive singular)
आल्वै2 (genitive singular)
आल्वोः (dual genitive)
आलूनाम् (genitive plural)
आलौ (locative singular)
आल्वाम्1 (locative singular)
आल्वोः (dual locative)
आलुषु (locative plural)

Of unclear origin. Has been compared to Latin alvus (“belly, bowels”) and Lithuanian eldijà (“canoe”).


आलु

ālu (romanization)
आलुः (nominative singular)
आलू (dual nominative)
आलवः (nominative plural)
आलो (singular vocative)
आलू (dual vocative)
आलवः (plural vocative)
आलुम् (accusative singular)
आलू (accusative dual)
आलून् (accusative plural)
आलुना (instrumental singular)
आल्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आलुभिः (instrumental plural)
आलवे (dative singular)
आल्वे1 (dative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आलुभ्यः (dative plural)
आलोः (ablative singular)
आल्वः1 (ablative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आलुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आलोः (genitive singular)
आल्वः1 (genitive singular)
आल्वोः (dual genitive)
आलूनाम् (genitive plural)
आलौ (locative singular)
आल्वोः (dual locative)
आलुषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil ஆர் (ār, “common mountain ebony”) and ஆரம் (āram, “sandalwood”).


आलु

ālu (romanization)
आलु (nominative singular)
आलुनी (dual nominative)
आलूनि (nominative plural)
आलु (singular vocative)
आलुनी (dual vocative)
आलूनि (plural vocative)
आलु (accusative singular)
आलुनी (accusative dual)
आलूनि (accusative plural)
आलुना (instrumental singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आलुभिः (instrumental plural)
आलुने (dative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आलुभ्यः (dative plural)
आलुनः (ablative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आलुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आलुनः (genitive singular)
आलुनोः (dual genitive)
आलूनाम् (genitive plural)
आलुनि (locative singular)
आलुनोः (dual locative)
आलुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter u-stem declension of आलु

Of uncertain origin. Has been suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HaHlu, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHlu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHlu (“edible root”), and thus be cognate with Latin ālium (“onion, garlic”). However, Mayrhofer considers this derivation unconvincing, perhaps due to the general principle of specific plant names usually being borrowed from local substrates rather than being inherited in Indo-European languages.

inh

an esculent root, elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, syn. Arum campanulatum)


आलु

ālu (romanization)
आलु (nominative singular)
आलुनी (dual nominative)
आलूनि (nominative plural)
आलु1 (nominative plural)
आलू1 (nominative plural)
आलु (singular vocative)
आलो (singular vocative)
आलुनी (dual vocative)
आलूनि (plural vocative)
आलु1 (plural vocative)
आलू1 (plural vocative)
आलु (accusative singular)
आलुनी (accusative dual)
आलूनि (accusative plural)
आलु1 (accusative plural)
आलू1 (accusative plural)
आलुना (instrumental singular)
आल्वा1 (instrumental singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आलुभिः (instrumental plural)
आलुने (dative singular)
आलवे1 (dative singular)
आल्वे1 (dative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (dative dual)
आलुभ्यः (dative plural)
आलुनः (ablative singular)
आलोः1 (ablative singular)
आल्वः1 (ablative singular)
आलुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आलुभ्यः (ablative plural)
आलुनः (genitive singular)
आलोः1 (genitive singular)
आल्वः1 (genitive singular)
आलुनोः (dual genitive)
आलूनाम् (genitive plural)
आलुनि (locative singular)
आलौ1 (locative singular)
आलुनोः (dual locative)
आलुषु (locative plural)


इन्द्र

índra (romanization)
इन्द्रः (nominative singular)
इन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
इन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
इन्द्राः (nominative plural)
इन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
इन्द्र (singular vocative)
इन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
इन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
इन्द्राः (plural vocative)
इन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)
इन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
इन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
इन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
इन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
इन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
इन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इन्द्राय (dative singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
इन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
इन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
इन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
इन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
इन्द्रे (locative singular)
इन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
इन्द्रेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha:

Arabic script: اِن

Latin script: in

Prakrit: 𑀇𑀁𑀤 (iṃda)

Pali: 𑀇𑀦𑁆𑀤 (inda)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਇੰਦਰ (indar), ਇੰਦ (inda)

Shahmukhi script: اِندَر (īndar), اِند (īnd)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: indra
Javanese: ꦆꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ (Indra)
→ Indonesian: Indra (semantic loan)
→ Balinese: ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭ (Indra, indra)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *índras. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬧𐬛𐬭𐬀 (iṇdra, name of a daeva), Kamkata-viri ī̃drʻ (name of a god), and Prasuni indr.
The further etymology is uncertain, with two theories about its origin:
* One possibility is conception as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃eyd- (“to swell”) with nasal infix, thus *(H)i-n-d-rá-s (“strong”) individualized into "the strong one" and underwent a secondary accent shift. In this case इन्द्र (indra) could be cognate with Serbo-Croatian jedar (“strong”).
* Alternatively from the BMAC substrate. Maybe related to Proto-Circassian *yənə-ø-ra ‘huge-be-ger’, cf. Abkhaz a-ynar, the Nart god of the forge.

der

best, excellent, the first, the chief (of any class of objects)

the twenty-sixth Yoga or division of a circle on the plane of the ecliptic

the Yoga star in the twenty-sixth nakshatra, γ Pegasi


राज

राजन् राजन्#Sanskrit

neuter nominative singular of राजन् (rā́jan)


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
माये (dual nominative)
मायाः (nominative plural)
माये (singular vocative)
माये (dual vocative)
मायाः (plural vocative)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
माये (accusative dual)
मायाः (accusative plural)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मायाभिः (instrumental plural)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मायाभ्यः (dative plural)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मायाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
माययोः (dual genitive)
मायानाम् (genitive plural)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माययोः (dual locative)
मायासु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬫᬵᬬᬵ

Pali: māyā

Indonesian: maya

Malay: maya

→ English: maya

→ Hindi: माया (māyā)

→ Lao: ມາຍາ (mā nyā)

→ Nepali: माया (māyā)

→ Tamil: மாயை (māyai)

→ Thai: มายา (maa-yaa)

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible.

(Vedic) art, wisdom, inhuman or supernatural power

मया मायां उद्भाव्या परीक्षितः असि

I have examined you by creating an illusion

(Vedic, Classical Sanskrit) illusion, deception, trickery, demonic magic

an unreal or illusory image, phantom, apparition

(Buddhism) duplicity, one of the 24 minor evil passions

(Shaivism) one of the 4 pāśas (“snares”) which entangle the soul

(Vaishnavism) one of the 9 shaktis (“energies”) of Vishnu

Operculina turpethum (Convolvulus turpethum)


मर्दन

mardana (romanization)
मर्दनम् (nominative singular)
मर्दने (dual nominative)
मर्दनानि (nominative plural)
मर्दना1 (nominative plural)
मर्दन (singular vocative)
मर्दने (dual vocative)
मर्दनानि (plural vocative)
मर्दना1 (plural vocative)
मर्दनम् (accusative singular)
मर्दने (accusative dual)
मर्दनानि (accusative plural)
मर्दना1 (accusative plural)
मर्दनेन (instrumental singular)
मर्दनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मर्दनैः (instrumental plural)
मर्दनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मर्दनाय (dative singular)
मर्दनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मर्दनेभ्यः (dative plural)
मर्दनात् (ablative singular)
मर्दनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मर्दनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मर्दनस्य (genitive singular)
मर्दनयोः (dual genitive)
मर्दनानाम् (genitive plural)
मर्दने (locative singular)
मर्दनयोः (dual locative)
मर्दनेषु (locative plural)

Pali: maddana

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀡 (maddaṇa)

Gujarati: માડણ (māḍaṇ)

→ Hindustani: mardan

Hindi: मर्दन

Urdu: مردن

/ˈmɐɾ.d̪ɐ.n̪ɐ/

From the root मृद् (mṛd, “to squeeze, press, rub, crush”) + -अन (-ana).

sa-root

As by the friction of bamboos destruction takes place, so also, at sunset, by the interaction of the faults of intoxication, all their minds became unbalanced, and destruction took place.

तेषां मैरेयदोषेण विषमीकृतचेतसाम्। निम्लोचति रवावासीद्वेणूनामिव मर्दनम्॥ BhP.3.4.2

Fire is appreciated by its light and by its ability to cook, to digest, to cause destruction of cold, to evaporate, and to give rise to hunger, thirst, eating and drinking.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.26.40

the act of crushing or grinding or destroying


गौर

gaur, a kind of buffalo (Bos gaurus, often classed with the गवय)

राज-सर्षप राज-सर्षप

white mustard (the seed of which is used as a weight, = 3 राज-सर्षपs)

नाग शेष
नाग शेष

चैतन्य चैतन्य

name of a योग teacher (son of शुक and पीवरी)

(in the plural) name of a family (compare °रात्रेय)


गौर

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

गौरिका गौरिका

गो-रोचना गो-रोचना

a yellow pigment or dye (गो-रोचना, ‘orpiment’)

प्रियंगु प्रियंगु

मञ्जिष्ठा मञ्जिष्ठा

श्वेत-दूर्वा श्वेत-दूर्वा

मल्लिका मल्लिका

सुवर्ण-कदली सुवर्ण-कदली

आकाश-मांसी आकाश-मांसी

name of several other plants (प्रियंगु, मञ्जिष्ठा, श्वेत-दूर्वा, मल्लिका, तुलसी, सुवर्ण-कदली, आकाश-मांसी)

name of several metres (one of 4×12 syllables; another of 4×13 syllables; another of 4×26 long syllables)

रागिणी रागिणी

पार्वती पार्वती

(Hinduism) ‘brilliant Goddess’, शिव's wife पार्वती

विद्या-देवी विद्या-देवी

name of a विद्या-देवी

शाक्य-मुनि शाक्य-मुनि

वि-रजस् वि-रजस्

सु-धामन् सु-धामन्

name of the wife of वि-रजस् and mother of सु-धामन्

प्रसेन-जित् प्रसेन-जित्

युवनाश्व युवनाश्व

बाहु-दा बाहु-दा

name of several rivers (one originally the wife of प्रसेन-जित् or युवनाश्व, changed by his curse into the river बाहु-दा.); ([compare Lat. gilvus?])


तारा

tā́rā (romanization)
तारा (nominative singular)
तारे (dual nominative)
ताराः (nominative plural)
तारे (singular vocative)
तारे (dual vocative)
ताराः (plural vocative)
ताराम् (accusative singular)
तारे (accusative dual)
ताराः (accusative plural)
तारया (instrumental singular)
तारा1 (instrumental singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताराभिः (instrumental plural)
तारायै (dative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताराभ्यः (dative plural)
तारायाः (ablative singular)
तारायै2 (ablative singular)
ताराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताराभ्यः (ablative plural)
तारायाः (genitive singular)
तारायै2 (genitive singular)
तारयोः (dual genitive)
ताराणाम् (genitive plural)
तारायाम् (locative singular)
तारयोः (dual locative)
तारासु (locative plural)

Pali: tārā, tārakā

→ Old Javanese: tāra
Javanese: ꦠꦫ (tara)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬭᬵ (tara)

→ Burmese: တာရာ (tara)

→ Tagalog: tala

→ Thai: ดารา (daa-raa)

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀸 (tārā), 𑀢𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀸 (tārayā)

Apabhramsa: तारउ (tāraü) (see there for further descendants)

→ Malayalam: താരം (tāraṁ)

→ Telugu: తార (tāra)

→ Tamil: தாரை (tārai)

Based on forms beginning with तार- (tāra-) of तृ (tṛ, “star”), a Vedic contraction of स्तृ (stṛ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hstā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hstar-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (star-), Persian ستاره (setâre), Latin stella, Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr) and Old English steorra (whence English star).

श॒तं श्वे॒तास॑ उ॒क्षणो॑ दि॒वि तारो॒ न रो॑चन्ते।
म॒ह्ना दिवं॒ न त॑स्तभुः॥
śatáṃ śvetā́sa ukṣáṇo diví tā́ro ná rocante.

A hundred white oxen shine like stars in the heaven, by their size they have almost held up theheavens.

the pupil of the eye (chiefly at the end of a compound)

(Samkhya philosophy) one of the 8 siddhis

(Hinduism) Tara, second of the ten Mahavidyas


साय

sāya (romanization)
सायम् (nominative singular)
साये (dual nominative)
सायानि (nominative plural)
साया1 (nominative plural)
साय (singular vocative)
साये (dual vocative)
सायानि (plural vocative)
साया1 (plural vocative)
सायम् (accusative singular)
साये (accusative dual)
सायानि (accusative plural)
साया1 (accusative plural)
सायेन (instrumental singular)
सायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सायैः (instrumental plural)
सायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सायाय (dative singular)
सायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सायेभ्यः (dative plural)
सायात् (ablative singular)
सायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सायस्य (genitive singular)
साययोः (dual genitive)
सायानाम् (genitive plural)
साये (locative singular)
साययोः (dual locative)
सायेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long, lasting”); related to सायम् (sāyam, “in the evening”), Latin sērus (“late, slow”), Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (seiþus, “late”).


साय

sāya (romanization)
सायः (nominative singular)
सायौ (dual nominative)
साया1 (dual nominative)
सायाः (nominative plural)
सायासः1 (nominative plural)
साय (singular vocative)
सायौ (dual vocative)
साया1 (dual vocative)
सायाः (plural vocative)
सायासः1 (plural vocative)
सायम् (accusative singular)
सायौ (accusative dual)
साया1 (accusative dual)
सायान् (accusative plural)
सायेन (instrumental singular)
सायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सायैः (instrumental plural)
सायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सायाय (dative singular)
सायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सायेभ्यः (dative plural)
सायात् (ablative singular)
सायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सायस्य (genitive singular)
साययोः (dual genitive)
सायानाम् (genitive plural)
साये (locative singular)
साययोः (dual locative)
सायेषु (locative plural)

Related to सायक (sāyaka); see there for more.


कालचक्र

kālacakra (romanization)
कालचक्रम् (nominative singular)
कालचक्रे (dual nominative)
कालचक्रानि (nominative plural)
कालचक्र (singular vocative)
कालचक्रे (dual vocative)
कालचक्रानि (plural vocative)
कालचक्रम् (accusative singular)
कालचक्रे (accusative dual)
कालचक्रानि (accusative plural)
कालचक्रेन (instrumental singular)
कालचक्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालचक्रैः (instrumental plural)
कालचक्राय (dative singular)
कालचक्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालचक्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
कालचक्रात् (ablative singular)
कालचक्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालचक्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कालचक्रस्य (genitive singular)
कालचक्रयोः (dual genitive)
कालचक्रानाम् (genitive plural)
कालचक्रे (locative singular)
कालचक्रयोः (dual locative)
कालचक्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कालचक्र</i>

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्रेभ्यः

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्रेभ्यः

कालचक्रानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्रेभ्यः

कालचक्राभ्याम्

कालचक्रेभ्यः

कालचक्रानाम्

wheel of time, cycle, wheel of fortune (a time circle which rotates as time goes on, in the Hindu Vedas)


माल

māla (romanization)
मालम् (nominative singular)
माले (dual nominative)
मालानि (nominative plural)
माला1 (nominative plural)
माल (singular vocative)
माले (dual vocative)
मालानि (plural vocative)
माला1 (plural vocative)
मालम् (accusative singular)
माले (accusative dual)
मालानि (accusative plural)
माला1 (accusative plural)
मालेन (instrumental singular)
मालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मालैः (instrumental plural)
मालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मालाय (dative singular)
मालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मालेभ्यः (dative plural)
मालात् (ablative singular)
मालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मालस्य (genitive singular)
मालयोः (dual genitive)
मालानाम् (genitive plural)
माले (locative singular)
मालयोः (dual locative)
मालेषु (locative plural)

Possibly borrowed from Dravidian; in particular, comparisons to मलय (malaya, “name of a mountain range on the west of Malabar”) have been suggested, though this is semantically suspect.


माल

Of unclear origin. Perhaps related to मल (mala, “dirt, filth”), Lithuanian mólis (“loam, clay”).


माल

(in some compounds) = माला (mālā, “a wreath, garland”)


चाप

cāpa (romanization)
चापः (nominative singular)
चापौ (dual nominative)
चापाः (nominative plural)
चाप (singular vocative)
चापौ (dual vocative)
चापाः (plural vocative)
चापम् (accusative singular)
चापौ (accusative dual)
चापान् (accusative plural)
चापेन (instrumental singular)
चापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चापैः (instrumental plural)
चापाय (dative singular)
चापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चापेभ्यः (dative plural)
चापात् (ablative singular)
चापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चापस्य (genitive singular)
चापयोः (dual genitive)
चापानाम् (genitive plural)
चापे (locative singular)
चापयोः (dual locative)
चापेषु (locative plural)
चापम् (nominative singular)
चापे (dual nominative)
चापानि (nominative plural)
चाप (singular vocative)
चापे (dual vocative)
चापानि (plural vocative)
चापम् (accusative singular)
चापे (accusative dual)
चापानि (accusative plural)
चापेन (instrumental singular)
चापाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चापैः (instrumental plural)
चापाय (dative singular)
चापाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चापेभ्यः (dative plural)
चापात् (ablative singular)
चापाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चापेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चापस्य (genitive singular)
चापयोः (dual genitive)
चापानाम् (genitive plural)
चापे (locative singular)
चापयोः (dual locative)
चापेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of चाप

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">चाप</i>


दम

dáma (romanization)
दमः (nominative singular)
दमौ (dual nominative)
दमा1 (dual nominative)
दमाः (nominative plural)
दमासः1 (nominative plural)
दम (singular vocative)
दमौ (dual vocative)
दमा1 (dual vocative)
दमाः (plural vocative)
दमासः1 (plural vocative)
दमम् (accusative singular)
दमौ (accusative dual)
दमा1 (accusative dual)
दमान् (accusative plural)
दमेन (instrumental singular)
दमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दमैः (instrumental plural)
दमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दमाय (dative singular)
दमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दमेभ्यः (dative plural)
दमात् (ablative singular)
दमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दमस्य (genitive singular)
दमयोः (dual genitive)
दमानाम् (genitive plural)
दमे (locative singular)
दमयोः (dual locative)
दमेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dámas, from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm. Cognate with Latin domus (whence English dome), Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos), Old Church Slavonic домъ (domŭ), Old Armenian տուն (tun).


दम

From the verb दाम्यति (dā́myati), from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to tame”).


अभिनय

abhinaya (romanization)
अभिनयः (nominative singular)
अभिनयौ (dual nominative)
अभिनया1 (dual nominative)
अभिनयाः (nominative plural)
अभिनयासः1 (nominative plural)
अभिनय (singular vocative)
अभिनयौ (dual vocative)
अभिनया1 (dual vocative)
अभिनयाः (plural vocative)
अभिनयासः1 (plural vocative)
अभिनयम् (accusative singular)
अभिनयौ (accusative dual)
अभिनया1 (accusative dual)
अभिनयान् (accusative plural)
अभिनयेन (instrumental singular)
अभिनयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अभिनयैः (instrumental plural)
अभिनयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अभिनयाय (dative singular)
अभिनयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अभिनयेभ्यः (dative plural)
अभिनयात् (ablative singular)
अभिनयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अभिनयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अभिनयस्य (genitive singular)
अभिनययोः (dual genitive)
अभिनयानाम् (genitive plural)
अभिनये (locative singular)
अभिनययोः (dual locative)
अभिनयेषु (locative plural)

→ English: abhinaya

→ Hindi: अभिनय (abhinay)

→ Marathi: अभिनय (abhinay)

→ Telugu: అభినయము (abhinayamu)

acting (indication of a passion or purpose by look & gesture)

अभिनयति

अभिनी (abhinī, “to act; to conduct”, root)

dramatic action that is expressive of sentiment


सप्ताह

saptāhá (romanization)
सप्ताहः (nominative singular)
सप्ताहौ (dual nominative)
सप्ताहा1 (dual nominative)
सप्ताहाः (nominative plural)
सप्ताहासः1 (nominative plural)
सप्ताह (singular vocative)
सप्ताहौ (dual vocative)
सप्ताहा1 (dual vocative)
सप्ताहाः (plural vocative)
सप्ताहासः1 (plural vocative)
सप्ताहम् (accusative singular)
सप्ताहौ (accusative dual)
सप्ताहा1 (accusative dual)
सप्ताहान् (accusative plural)
सप्ताहेन (instrumental singular)
सप्ताहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सप्ताहैः (instrumental plural)
सप्ताहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सप्ताहाय (dative singular)
सप्ताहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सप्ताहेभ्यः (dative plural)
सप्ताहात् (ablative singular)
सप्ताहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सप्ताहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सप्ताहस्य (genitive singular)
सप्ताहयोः (dual genitive)
सप्ताहानाम् (genitive plural)
सप्ताहे (locative singular)
सप्ताहयोः (dual locative)
सप्ताहेषु (locative plural)

desctree

Pali: sattāha
→ Khmer: សត្តាហៈ (sattaahaʼ) (learned)
→ Thai: สัตตาห (learned)

Prakrit:

Nepali: साता (sātā)

desc

⇒ Marathi: सातेरें (sāterẽ), सातरें (sātrẽ)

⇒ Sindhi: [script needed] (satāṛo)

→ Assamese: সপ্তাহ (xoptah) (learned)

→ Bengali: সপ্তাহ (śoptaho) (learned)

→ Hindustani: saptāh (learned)

Hindi: सप्ताह

Hindi: सप्ताह

→ Khmer: សប្តាហ៍ (sappədaa), សប្តាហៈ (sapphdaahaʼ) (learned)

→ Lao: ສັບດາ (sap dā), ສັບປະດາ (sap pa dā) (learned)

→ Marathi: सप्ताह (saptāh) (learned)

→ Nepali: सप्ताह (saptāha) (learned)

→ Odia: ସପ୍ତାହ (saptāha), ସପ୍ତା (saptā) (learned)

→ Tamil: ஸப்தாஹம் (saptāham), சப்தாகம் (captākam), சத்தாகம் (cattākam) (learned)

→ Thai: สัปดาห์ (sàp-daa), สัปดาหะ (learned)

[sɐp̚.tɑː.ɦɐ́]

/s̪ɐpˈt̪ɑː.ɦɐ/

[s̪ɐp̚ˈt̪ɑː.ɦɐ]

Compound of सप्त (saptá, “seven”) + अहर् (áhar, “day”).

com

a sacrificial performance lasting seven days


कुल

kúla (romanization)
कुलम् (nominative singular)
कुले (dual nominative)
कुलानि (nominative plural)
कुला1 (nominative plural)
कुल (singular vocative)
कुले (dual vocative)
कुलानि (plural vocative)
कुला1 (plural vocative)
कुलम् (accusative singular)
कुले (accusative dual)
कुलानि (accusative plural)
कुला1 (accusative plural)
कुलेन (instrumental singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुलैः (instrumental plural)
कुलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुलाय (dative singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुलात् (ablative singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुलस्य (genitive singular)
कुलयोः (dual genitive)
कुलानाम् (genitive plural)
कुले (locative singular)
कुलयोः (dual locative)
कुलेषु (locative plural)

Possibly related to Sogdian 𐼴𐼸𐼰𐼴𐽀 (wkʾwr, “kinsman”), Northern Kurdish kurr (“son, boy”), Ossetian игурд (igurd, “to be born; exist”), Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), ultimately of unknown origin.

cog

the union of Shiva and Shakti, god and goddess, power and consciousness


कुल

kula (romanization)
कुलः (nominative singular)
कुलौ (dual nominative)
कुला1 (dual nominative)
कुलाः (nominative plural)
कुलासः1 (nominative plural)
कुल (singular vocative)
कुलौ (dual vocative)
कुला1 (dual vocative)
कुलाः (plural vocative)
कुलासः1 (plural vocative)
कुलम् (accusative singular)
कुलौ (accusative dual)
कुला1 (accusative dual)
कुलान् (accusative plural)
कुलेन (instrumental singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कुलैः (instrumental plural)
कुलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कुलाय (dative singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कुलात् (ablative singular)
कुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कुलस्य (genitive singular)
कुलयोः (dual genitive)
कुलानाम् (genitive plural)
कुले (locative singular)
कुलयोः (dual locative)
कुलेषु (locative plural)

Hindustani:

Hindi: कुल (kul)

Urdu: کل (kul)

desctree

Pali: kula
→ Burmese: ကုလား (ku.la:)
→ Thai: กุล (gun)

Old Javanese: kula
> Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭ (kula) (inherited)
→ Malay: kula
→ Musi: kulo
→ Balinese: ᬓᬸᬮ (kula)
 (see there for further descendants)


मधु

mádhu (romanization)
मधु (nominative singular)
मधुनी (dual nominative)
मधूनि (nominative plural)
मधु1 (nominative plural)
मधू1 (nominative plural)
मधु (singular vocative)
मधो (singular vocative)
मधुनी (dual vocative)
मधूनि (plural vocative)
मधु1 (plural vocative)
मधू1 (plural vocative)
मधु (accusative singular)
मधुनी (accusative dual)
मधूनि (accusative plural)
मधु1 (accusative plural)
मधू1 (accusative plural)
मधुना (instrumental singular)
मध्वा1 (instrumental singular)
मधुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मधुभिः (instrumental plural)
मधुने (dative singular)
मधवे1 (dative singular)
मध्वे1 (dative singular)
मधुभ्याम् (dative dual)
मधुभ्यः (dative plural)
मधुनः (ablative singular)
मधोः1 (ablative singular)
मध्वः1 (ablative singular)
मधुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मधुभ्यः (ablative plural)
मधुनः (genitive singular)
मधोः1 (genitive singular)
मध्वः1 (genitive singular)
मधुनोः (dual genitive)
मधूनाम् (genitive plural)
मधुनि (locative singular)
मधौ1 (locative singular)
मधुनोः (dual locative)
मधुषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀼 (mahu)

Assamese: মৌ (mou)

Bengali: মউ (mou), মৌ (mōu)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀳𑀼 (mahu)

Konkani: म्होंव (mhõv)

Pali: madhu

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀥𑀼 (madhu)

Gujarati: મધ (madh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मधु (madhu)

Urdu: مدھو (madhu)

Romani: mol, mod, mou

→ Assamese: মধু (modhu) (learned)

→ Bengali: মধু (modhu) (learned)

→ Bhojpuri: मधु (madhu) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಮಧು (madhu) (learned)

→ Malay: madu (learned)
Indonesian: madu

→ Marathi: मध (madh) (learned)

→ Old Javanese: madhu
Javanese: ꦩꦢꦸ (madu)
→ Balinese: ᬫᬥᬸ (madu)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘟𑘳 (madu) (learned)

→ Rohingya: modú (learned)

→ Sinhalese: මධු (madhu) (learned)

→ Sundanese: ᮙᮓᮥ (madu)

→ Old Tamil: 𑀫𑀢𑀼 (matu)
Tamil: மது (matu)

→ Telugu: మధువు (madhuvu) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu (“honey, wine”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, wine, mead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎 (maδu), Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu), Lithuanian medùs, Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, “honey”), Old English medu (whence English mead).

cog

ओष्ठा॑विव॒ मध्व्आ॒स्ने वद॑न्ता॒ स्तना॑विव पिप्यतं जी॒वसे॑ नः।
नासे॑व नस्त॒न्वो॑ रक्षि॒तारा॒ कर्णा॑विव सु॒श्रुता॑ भूतम॒स्मे॥
óṣṭhāviva mádhvāsné vádantā stánāviva pipyataṃ jīváse naḥ.

Like two lips that with the mouth speak honey, like two breasts that nourish our existence, like the two nostrils that protect our being, be to us like our ears that hear distinctly.

nā́seva nastanvò rakṣitā́rā kárṇāviva suśrútā bhūtamasmé.

वाजे॑वाजेऽवत वाजिनो नो॒ धने॑षु विप्रा अमृता ऋतज्ञाः।
अ॒स्य मध्व॑: पिबत मा॒दय॑ध्वं तृ॒प्ता या॑त प॒थिभि॑र्देव॒यानै॑:॥
vā́jevājeʼvata vājino no dháneṣu viprā amṛtā ṛtajñāḥ.

Deep-skilled in Law eternal, deathless, Singers, O Vajins, help us in each fray for booty.
Drink of this mead, be satisfied, be joyful: then go on paths which Gods are wont to travel.

asyá mádhvaḥ pibata mādáyadhvaṃ tṛptā́ yāta pathíbhirdevayā́naiḥ.

the juice or nectar of flowers, any sweet intoxicating drink, wine or spirituous liquor

(poetic) milk or anything produced from milk (as butter, ghee etc.)


स्वागम

svāgama (romanization)
स्वागमः (nominative singular)
स्वागमौ (dual nominative)
स्वागमा1 (dual nominative)
स्वागमाः (nominative plural)
स्वागमासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वागम (singular vocative)
स्वागमौ (dual vocative)
स्वागमा1 (dual vocative)
स्वागमाः (plural vocative)
स्वागमासः1 (plural vocative)
स्वागमम् (accusative singular)
स्वागमौ (accusative dual)
स्वागमा1 (accusative dual)
स्वागमान् (accusative plural)
स्वागमेन (instrumental singular)
स्वागमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वागमैः (instrumental plural)
स्वागमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वागमाय (dative singular)
स्वागमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वागमेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वागमात् (ablative singular)
स्वागमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वागमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वागमस्य (genitive singular)
स्वागमयोः (dual genitive)
स्वागमानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वागमे (locative singular)
स्वागमयोः (dual locative)
स्वागमेषु (locative plural)

→ Khmer: ស្វាគមន៍ (svaakum)

/sʋɑː.ɡɐ.mɐ/

/ˈs̪ʋɑː.ɡɐ.mɐ/

From सु- (su-, “good, fortunate”) + आगम (āgama, “arrival, return”).


सृष्टि

sṛ́ṣṭi (romanization)
sṛṣṭí (rare)
सृष्टिः (nominative singular)
सृष्टी (dual nominative)
सृष्टयः (nominative plural)
सृष्टे (singular vocative)
सृष्टी (dual vocative)
सृष्टयः (plural vocative)
सृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
सृष्टी (accusative dual)
सृष्टीः (accusative plural)
सृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
सृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
सृष्टये (dative singular)
सृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
सृष्टी1 (dative singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
सृष्टेः (ablative singular)
सृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
सृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सृष्टेः (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
सृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
सृष्टौ (locative singular)
सृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
सृष्टा1 (locative singular)
सृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
सृष्टिषु (locative plural)
सृष्टिः (nominative singular)
सृष्टी (dual nominative)
सृष्टयः (nominative plural)
सृष्टे (singular vocative)
सृष्टी (dual vocative)
सृष्टयः (plural vocative)
सृष्टिम् (accusative singular)
सृष्टी (accusative dual)
सृष्टीः (accusative plural)
सृष्ट्या (instrumental singular)
सृष्टी1 (instrumental singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सृष्टिभिः (instrumental plural)
सृष्टये (dative singular)
सृष्ट्यै2 (dative singular)
सृष्टी1 (dative singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (dative dual)
सृष्टिभ्यः (dative plural)
सृष्टेः (ablative singular)
सृष्ट्याः2 (ablative singular)
सृष्ट्यै3 (ablative singular)
सृष्टिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सृष्टिभ्यः (ablative plural)
सृष्टेः (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्याः2 (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्यै3 (genitive singular)
सृष्ट्योः (dual genitive)
सृष्टीनाम् (genitive plural)
सृष्टौ (locative singular)
सृष्ट्याम्2 (locative singular)
सृष्टा1 (locative singular)
सृष्ट्योः (dual locative)
सृष्टिषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺 (siṭṭhi)

Central:

Hindustani:

Hindi: सिट्ठी (siṭṭhī)

desc

Urdu: سِٹّھِی (siṭṭhī)

Urdu: سِٹّھِی (siṭṭhī)

Eastern:

Old Bengali: সিঠি (siṭhi)

Northwestern:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਸੱਟ (saṭṭa), ਸਿੱਟ (siṭṭa)

Shahmukhi script: سَٹّ (saṭṭ), سِٹّ (siṭṭ)

Southern:

Marathi: शीट (śīṭ)

Sinhalese: සැටිය (sæṭiya), හැටිය (hæṭiya)

→ Bengali: সৃষ্টি (sriśṭi) (learned)

→ Hindi: सृष्टि (sŕṣṭi) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ (sṛṣṭi) (learned)

→ Malayalam: സൃഷ്ടി (sr̥ṣṭi) (learned)

→ Tamil: சிருஷ்டி (ciruṣṭi) (learned)

→ Telugu: సృష్టి (sr̥ṣṭi) (learned)

Denominative of सृष्ट (sṛṣṭa, “discharged, thrown, brought forth”), from the root सृज् (sṛj, “to flow, glide, push, go”).


भ्राता

sa-noun form

भ्राता • (bhrā́tā) m

/bʱɾɑ́ː.tɑː/

/ˈbʱɾɑː.t̪ɑː/

भ्रातृ भ्रातृ#Sanskrit

nominative singular of भ्रातृ (bhrā́tṛ, “brother”)


मानस

mānasa (romanization)
मानसम् (nominative singular)
मानसे (dual nominative)
मानसानि (nominative plural)
मानसा1 (nominative plural)
मानस (singular vocative)
मानसे (dual vocative)
मानसानि (plural vocative)
मानसा1 (plural vocative)
मानसम् (accusative singular)
मानसे (accusative dual)
मानसानि (accusative plural)
मानसा1 (accusative plural)
मानसेन (instrumental singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानसैः (instrumental plural)
मानसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानसाय (dative singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानसेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानसात् (ablative singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानसस्य (genitive singular)
मानसयोः (dual genitive)
मानसानाम् (genitive plural)
मानसे (locative singular)
मानसयोः (dual locative)
मानसेषु (locative plural)

/ˈmɑː.n̪ɐ.s̪ɐ/


मानस

mānasa (romanization)
मानसः (nominative singular)
मानसौ (dual nominative)
मानसा1 (dual nominative)
मानसाः (nominative plural)
मानसासः1 (nominative plural)
मानस (singular vocative)
मानसौ (dual vocative)
मानसा1 (dual vocative)
मानसाः (plural vocative)
मानसासः1 (plural vocative)
मानसम् (accusative singular)
मानसौ (accusative dual)
मानसा1 (accusative dual)
मानसान् (accusative plural)
मानसेन (instrumental singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मानसैः (instrumental plural)
मानसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मानसाय (dative singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मानसेभ्यः (dative plural)
मानसात् (ablative singular)
मानसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मानसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मानसस्य (genitive singular)
मानसयोः (dual genitive)
मानसानाम् (genitive plural)
मानसे (locative singular)
मानसयोः (dual locative)
मानसेषु (locative plural)

/ˈmɑː.n̪ɐ.s̪ɐ/

(in the plural) a particular class of deceased ancestors


गुल

gula (romanization)
गुलः (nominative singular)
गुलौ (dual nominative)
गुला1 (dual nominative)
गुलाः (nominative plural)
गुलासः1 (nominative plural)
गुल (singular vocative)
गुलौ (dual vocative)
गुला1 (dual vocative)
गुलाः (plural vocative)
गुलासः1 (plural vocative)
गुलम् (accusative singular)
गुलौ (accusative dual)
गुला1 (accusative dual)
गुलान् (accusative plural)
गुलेन (instrumental singular)
गुलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुलैः (instrumental plural)
गुलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गुलाय (dative singular)
गुलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गुलेभ्यः (dative plural)
गुलात् (ablative singular)
गुलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गुलस्य (genitive singular)
गुलयोः (dual genitive)
गुलानाम् (genitive plural)
गुले (locative singular)
गुलयोः (dual locative)
गुलेषु (locative plural)

→ Hindi: गुल (gul) (learned)

→ Malay: gula

Indonesian: gula

desctree

→ Old Javanese: gula
Javanese: ꦒꦸꦭ (gula)
→ Balinese: ᬕᬸᬮ (gula)


पत्र

पत्त्र पत्त्र#Sanskrit


प्रभात

→ Hindi: प्रभात (prabhāt)

→ Marathi: प्रभात (prabhāt)

⇒ Telugu: ప్రభాతము (prabhātamu)

/pɾɐˈbʱɑː.t̪ɐ/


पद्म

padma (romanization)
पद्मः (nominative singular)
पद्मौ (dual nominative)
पद्मा1 (dual nominative)
पद्माः (nominative plural)
पद्मासः1 (nominative plural)
पद्म (singular vocative)
पद्मौ (dual vocative)
पद्मा1 (dual vocative)
पद्माः (plural vocative)
पद्मासः1 (plural vocative)
पद्मम् (accusative singular)
पद्मौ (accusative dual)
पद्मा1 (accusative dual)
पद्मान् (accusative plural)
पद्मेन (instrumental singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्मैः (instrumental plural)
पद्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पद्माय (dative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्मात् (ablative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्मस्य (genitive singular)
पद्मयोः (dual genitive)
पद्मानाम् (genitive plural)
पद्मे (locative singular)
पद्मयोः (dual locative)
पद्मेषु (locative plural)
पद्मम् (nominative singular)
पद्मे (dual nominative)
पद्मानि (nominative plural)
पद्मा1 (nominative plural)
पद्म (singular vocative)
पद्मे (dual vocative)
पद्मानि (plural vocative)
पद्मा1 (plural vocative)
पद्मम् (accusative singular)
पद्मे (accusative dual)
पद्मानि (accusative plural)
पद्मा1 (accusative plural)
पद्मेन (instrumental singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पद्मैः (instrumental plural)
पद्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पद्माय (dative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
पद्मात् (ablative singular)
पद्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पद्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पद्मस्य (genitive singular)
पद्मयोः (dual genitive)
पद्मानाम् (genitive plural)
पद्मे (locative singular)
पद्मयोः (dual locative)
पद्मेषु (locative plural)

Pali: paduma

Bengali: পদ্ম (podmo)

→ Punjabi: ਪਦਮ (padam)

desc

→ Tamil: பத்மம் (patmam), பதுமம் (patumam)

→ Tibetan: པད་མ (pad ma)

Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *ni-pad- (“to lie down, sleep”) (compare Middle Persian [script needed] (npdm /nibēm/, “prostrate”)), from *ní (“down, in”) + *pád (“to go, fall”), akin to the way a lotus flower folds up and closes at night. A substrate borrowing is also possible.


पद

padá (romanization)
m (rare)
पदम् (nominative singular)
पदे (dual nominative)
पदानि (nominative plural)
पदा1 (nominative plural)
पद (singular vocative)
पदे (dual vocative)
पदानि (plural vocative)
पदा1 (plural vocative)
पदम् (accusative singular)
पदे (accusative dual)
पदानि (accusative plural)
पदा1 (accusative plural)
पदेन (instrumental singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पदैः (instrumental plural)
पदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पदाय (dative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पदात् (ablative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पदस्य (genitive singular)
पदयोः (dual genitive)
पदानाम् (genitive plural)
पदे (locative singular)
पदयोः (dual locative)
पदेषु (locative plural)
पदः (nominative singular)
पदौ (dual nominative)
पदा1 (dual nominative)
पदाः (nominative plural)
पदासः1 (nominative plural)
पद (singular vocative)
पदौ (dual vocative)
पदा1 (dual vocative)
पदाः (plural vocative)
पदासः1 (plural vocative)
पदम् (accusative singular)
पदौ (accusative dual)
पदा1 (accusative dual)
पदान् (accusative plural)
पदेन (instrumental singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पदैः (instrumental plural)
पदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पदाय (dative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पदेभ्यः (dative plural)
पदात् (ablative singular)
पदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पदस्य (genitive singular)
पदयोः (dual genitive)
पदानाम् (genitive plural)
पदे (locative singular)
पदयोः (dual locative)
पदेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pada

→ Old Javanese: pada

→ Tamil: பாதம் (pātam), பதவி (patavi)

→ Telugu: పదము (padamu)

→ Bengali: পদ (pod)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *padám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *padám, from Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, originally meaning 'trace, bottom', from *ped- (“step, footprint”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon, “floor, ground”), Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒁕𒀭 (pēdan, “floor, ground; place”), Old Norse fet (“step”), Old Armenian հետ (het, “footprint, track”).

अ॒भि॒व्लग्या॑ चिदद्रिवः शी॒र्षा या॑तु॒मती॑नाम्।
छि॒न्धि व॑टू॒रिणा॑ प॒दा म॒हाव॑टूरिणा प॒दा॥
abhivlágyā cidadrivaḥ śīrṣā́ yātumátīnām.

Devourer of foes having trampled on the heads of the malignant hosts, crush them with your wide-spreading foot; your vast wide-spreading foot.

chindhí vaṭūríṇā padā́ mahā́vaṭūriṇā padā́.

footstep, trace, vestige, mark; the foot itself

तद्विष्णो॑: पर॒मं प॒दं सदा॑ पश्यन्ति सू॒रय॑:।
दि॒वी॑व॒ चक्षु॒रात॑तम्॥
tádvíṣṇo: paramáṃ padáṃ sádā paśyanti sūráya:.
divī̀va cákṣurā́tatam.

The wise ever contemplate that supreme station of Viṣṇu, as the eye ranges over the sky.

position, rank, station, site, abode, home, place

business affair, matter, object or cause of (genitive or compound)

प्रक्रम प्रक्रम#Sanskrit

the foot as a measure of length (= 12 or 15 fingers' breadth, or 1/2 or 1/3 or 3/7 of a प्रक्रम (prakrama))

(poetry) a verse, a quarter or line of a stanza

तद्धित तद्धित#Sanskrit

a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun in the middle cases and before some तद्धित (taddhita)s

पदपाठ पदपाठ#Sanskrit

common name of the parasmaipada and ātmanepada

any one in a set of numbers the sum of which is required


नारायण

nārāyaṇa (romanization)
नारायणम् (nominative singular)
नारायणे (dual nominative)
नारायणानि (nominative plural)
नारायणा1 (nominative plural)
नारायण (singular vocative)
नारायणे (dual vocative)
नारायणानि (plural vocative)
नारायणा1 (plural vocative)
नारायणम् (accusative singular)
नारायणे (accusative dual)
नारायणानि (accusative plural)
नारायणा1 (accusative plural)
नारायणेन (instrumental singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारायणैः (instrumental plural)
नारायणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नारायणाय (dative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारायणात् (ablative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारायणस्य (genitive singular)
नारायणयोः (dual genitive)
नारायणानाम् (genitive plural)
नारायणे (locative singular)
नारायणयोः (dual locative)
नारायणेषु (locative plural)

/nɑː.ɾɑː.jɐ.ɳɐ́/

/n̪ɑːˈɾɑː.jɐ.ɳɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of नर (nara, “the primeval Man or eternal Spirit”) + अयन (ayana).

vrd

name of the ground on the banks of the Ganges for a distance of 4 cubits from the water

a medical oil expressed from various plants


काम्बोज

kāmboja (romanization)
काम्बोजः (nominative singular)
काम्बोजौ (dual nominative)
काम्बोजाः (nominative plural)
काम्बोज (singular vocative)
काम्बोजौ (dual vocative)
काम्बोजाः (plural vocative)
काम्बोजम् (accusative singular)
काम्बोजौ (accusative dual)
काम्बोजान् (accusative plural)
काम्बोजेन (instrumental singular)
काम्बोजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काम्बोजैः (instrumental plural)
काम्बोजाय (dative singular)
काम्बोजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काम्बोजेभ्यः (dative plural)
काम्बोजात् (ablative singular)
काम्बोजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काम्बोजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काम्बोजस्य (genitive singular)
काम्बोजयोः (dual genitive)
काम्बोजानाम् (genitive plural)
काम्बोजे (locative singular)
काम्बोजयोः (dual locative)
काम्बोजेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of काम्बोज

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजेभ्यः

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजेभ्यः

काम्बोजानाम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजेभ्यः

काम्बोजाभ्याम्

काम्बोजेभ्यः

काम्बोजानाम्

Punjabi: ਕੰਬੋਹ (kamboh)

→ Burmese: ကမ္ဗောဇ (kambau:ja.)

desctree

→ Khmer: កម្ពុជា (kampuciə)
→ English: Kampuchea
→ French: Kampuchéa
→ Japanese: カンプチア (Kanpuchia)
→ Korean: 캄푸치아 (Kampuchia)
→ Russian: Кампучи́я (Kampučíja)
→ Vietnamese: Cam-pu-chia

→ Middle Chinese: 劍浮 (MC kjaemH bjuw), 劍浮沙 (MC kjaemH bjuw srae)


पलाण्डु

palāṇḍu (romanization)
पलाण्डुः (nominative singular)
पलाण्डू (dual nominative)
पलाण्डवः (nominative plural)
पलाण्डो (singular vocative)
पलाण्डू (dual vocative)
पलाण्डवः (plural vocative)
पलाण्डुम् (accusative singular)
पलाण्डू (accusative dual)
पलाण्डून् (accusative plural)
पलाण्डुना (instrumental singular)
पलाण्ड्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलाण्डुभिः (instrumental plural)
पलाण्डवे (dative singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलाण्डुभ्यः (dative plural)
पलाण्डोः (ablative singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलाण्डुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलाण्डोः (genitive singular)
पलाण्ड्वोः (dual genitive)
पलाण्डूनाम् (genitive plural)
पलाण्डौ (locative singular)
पलाण्ड्वोः (dual locative)
पलाण्डुषु (locative plural)
पलाण्डु (nominative singular)
पलाण्डुनी (dual nominative)
पलाण्डूनि (nominative plural)
पलाण्डु1 (nominative plural)
पलाण्डू1 (nominative plural)
पलाण्डु (singular vocative)
पलाण्डो (singular vocative)
पलाण्डुनी (dual vocative)
पलाण्डूनि (plural vocative)
पलाण्डु1 (plural vocative)
पलाण्डू1 (plural vocative)
पलाण्डु (accusative singular)
पलाण्डुनी (accusative dual)
पलाण्डूनि (accusative plural)
पलाण्डु1 (accusative plural)
पलाण्डू1 (accusative plural)
पलाण्डुना (instrumental singular)
पलाण्ड्वा1 (instrumental singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलाण्डुभिः (instrumental plural)
पलाण्डुने (dative singular)
पलाण्डवे1 (dative singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलाण्डुभ्यः (dative plural)
पलाण्डुनः (ablative singular)
पलाण्डोः1 (ablative singular)
पलाण्डुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलाण्डुभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलाण्डुनः (genitive singular)
पलाण्डोः1 (genitive singular)
पलाण्डुनोः (dual genitive)
पलाण्डूनाम् (genitive plural)
पलाण्डुनि (locative singular)
पलाण्डौ1 (locative singular)
पलाण्डुनोः (dual locative)
पलाण्डुषु (locative plural)

/pɐˈl̪ɑːɳ.ɖu/


नाक

nā́ka (romanization)
नाकः (nominative singular)
नाकौ (dual nominative)
नाका1 (dual nominative)
नाकाः (nominative plural)
नाकासः1 (nominative plural)
नाक (singular vocative)
नाकौ (dual vocative)
नाका1 (dual vocative)
नाकाः (plural vocative)
नाकासः1 (plural vocative)
नाकम् (accusative singular)
नाकौ (accusative dual)
नाका1 (accusative dual)
नाकान् (accusative plural)
नाकेन (instrumental singular)
नाकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नाकैः (instrumental plural)
नाकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नाकाय (dative singular)
नाकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नाकेभ्यः (dative plural)
नाकात् (ablative singular)
नाकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नाकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाकस्य (genitive singular)
नाकयोः (dual genitive)
नाकानाम् (genitive plural)
नाके (locative singular)
नाकयोः (dual locative)
नाकेषु (locative plural)

Compound of न (ná, “no”) + अक (áka, “sin, pain”), literally “[where there is/who has] no pain or sin”.


चुम्बन

cumbana (romanization)
चुम्बनम् (nominative singular)
चुम्बने (dual nominative)
चुम्बनानि (nominative plural)
चुम्बना1 (nominative plural)
चुम्बन (singular vocative)
चुम्बने (dual vocative)
चुम्बनानि (plural vocative)
चुम्बना1 (plural vocative)
चुम्बनम् (accusative singular)
चुम्बने (accusative dual)
चुम्बनानि (accusative plural)
चुम्बना1 (accusative plural)
चुम्बनेन (instrumental singular)
चुम्बनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चुम्बनैः (instrumental plural)
चुम्बनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
चुम्बनाय (dative singular)
चुम्बनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
चुम्बनेभ्यः (dative plural)
चुम्बनात् (ablative singular)
चुम्बनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चुम्बनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
चुम्बनस्य (genitive singular)
चुम्बनयोः (dual genitive)
चुम्बनानाम् (genitive plural)
चुम्बने (locative singular)
चुम्बनयोः (dual locative)
चुम्बनेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀼𑀁𑀩𑀡 (cuṃbaṇa)

→ Bengali: চুম্বন (cumbon)

→ Gujarati: ચુંબન (cumban)

→ Telugu: చుంబనము (cumbanamu)

→ Tulu: ಚುಂಬನ (cumbana)

→ Marathi: चुंबन (cumban) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: चुंबन (cumban)

Urdu: چمبن (cumban)

From चुम्ब् (cumb, “to kiss”, root) + -अन (-ana).


गिरी

sa-noun form

गिरी • (girī́) m

nominative/accusative dual of गिरि (girí, “mountain”)


भय

bhayá (romanization)
भयम् (nominative singular)
भये (dual nominative)
भयानि (nominative plural)
भया1 (nominative plural)
भय (singular vocative)
भये (dual vocative)
भयानि (plural vocative)
भया1 (plural vocative)
भयम् (accusative singular)
भये (accusative dual)
भयानि (accusative plural)
भया1 (accusative plural)
भयेन (instrumental singular)
भयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भयैः (instrumental plural)
भयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भयाय (dative singular)
भयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भयेभ्यः (dative plural)
भयात् (ablative singular)
भयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भयस्य (genitive singular)
भययोः (dual genitive)
भयानाम् (genitive plural)
भये (locative singular)
भययोः (dual locative)
भयेषु (locative plural)

Pali: bhaya

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀬 (bhaya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

→ Assamese: ভয় (bhoy)

→ Bengali: ভয় (bhoẏ)

→ Hindi: भय (bhay)

→ Kannada: ಭಯ (bhaya)

→ Lü: ᦺᦘ (phay)

→ Malay: bahaya

Indonesian: bahaya

→ Malayalam: ഭയം (bhayaṁ)

→ Old Gujarati: भय (bhaya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhaya
Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya, “danger, hazard”)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬬ (baya, “danger, peril”)

→ Tamil: பயம் (payam)

→ Telugu: భయము (bhayamu)

→ Thai: ภัย (pai)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Old English bifian (“to tremble”), Persian بیم (bim, “fear”) and Russian бояться (bojatʹsja).

der

इन्द्रो॑ अ॒ङ्ग म॒हद्भ॒यम्अ॒भी षदप॑ चुच्यवत्।
स हि स्थि॒रो विच॑र्षणिः॥
índro aṅgá mahádbhayámabhī́ ṣádápa cucyavat.

May Indra, dissipate all great and overpowering fear, for he is resolute, and the beholder of all.


भोजन

bhójana (romanization)
भोजनम् (nominative singular)
भोजने (dual nominative)
भोजनानि (nominative plural)
भोजना1 (nominative plural)
भोजन (singular vocative)
भोजने (dual vocative)
भोजनानि (plural vocative)
भोजना1 (plural vocative)
भोजनम् (accusative singular)
भोजने (accusative dual)
भोजनानि (accusative plural)
भोजना1 (accusative plural)
भोजनेन (instrumental singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भोजनैः (instrumental plural)
भोजनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भोजनाय (dative singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भोजनेभ्यः (dative plural)
भोजनात् (ablative singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भोजनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भोजनस्य (genitive singular)
भोजनयोः (dual genitive)
भोजनानाम् (genitive plural)
भोजने (locative singular)
भोजनयोः (dual locative)
भोजनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈbʱoː.d͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ/

From the root भुज् (bhuj) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy”).

प्र॒जाभ्य॑: पु॒ष्टिं वि॒भज॑न्त आसते र॒यिमि॑व पृ॒ष्ठं प्र॒भव॑न्तमाय॒ते।
असि॑न्व॒न्दंष्ट्रै॑: पि॒तुर॑त्ति॒ भोज॑नं॒ यस्ताकृ॑णोः प्रथ॒मं सास्यु॒क्थ्य॑:॥
prajā́bhya: puṣṭíṃ vibhájanta āsate rayímiva pṛṣṭháṃ prabhávantamāyaté.

Dealing out food unto their people there they sit, like wealth to him who comes, more than the back can bear.
Greedily with his teeth he eats the master's food.
You (Indra) who did these things first are worthy of our praises.

ásinvandáṃṣṭrai: pitúratti bhójanaṃ yástā́kṛṇoḥ prathamáṃ sā́syukthyà:.

anything enjoyed or used, property, possession

enjoyment, any object of enjoyment or the pleasure caused by it


नक्ति

nákti (romanization)
नक्तिः (nominative singular)
नक्ती (dual nominative)
नक्तयः (nominative plural)
नक्ते (singular vocative)
नक्ती (dual vocative)
नक्तयः (plural vocative)
नक्तिम् (accusative singular)
नक्ती (accusative dual)
नक्तीः (accusative plural)
नक्त्या (instrumental singular)
नक्ती1 (instrumental singular)
नक्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नक्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
नक्तये (dative singular)
नक्त्यै2 (dative singular)
नक्ती1 (dative singular)
नक्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
नक्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
नक्तेः (ablative singular)
नक्त्याः2 (ablative singular)
नक्त्यै3 (ablative singular)
नक्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नक्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
नक्तेः (genitive singular)
नक्त्याः2 (genitive singular)
नक्त्यै3 (genitive singular)
नक्त्योः (dual genitive)
नक्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
नक्तौ (locative singular)
नक्त्याम्2 (locative singular)
नक्ता1 (locative singular)
नक्त्योः (dual locative)
नक्तिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nákts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.
Cognate with Lithuanian naktis, Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Latin nox, Russian ночь (nočʹ), Old English niht (whence English night).

अभि त्वा नक्तीरुषसो ववाशिरेऽग्ने वत्सं न स्वसरेषु धेनवः।
दिव इवेदरतिर्मानुषा युगा क्षपो भासि पुरुवार संयतः॥
abhi tvā naktīruṣaso vavāśireʼgne vatsaṃ na svasareṣu dhenavaḥ.

At night and morning, Agni, have they called to thee, like milch-kine in their stalls lowing to meet their young.
As messenger of heaven thou lightest all night long the families of men. Thou Lord of precious boons.

diva ivedaratirmānuṣā yugā kṣapo bhāsi puruvāra saṃyataḥ.


स्वसृ

svásṛ (romanization)
स्वसा (nominative singular)
स्वसारौ (dual nominative)
स्वसारा1 (dual nominative)
स्वसारः (nominative plural)
स्वसः (singular vocative)
स्वसारौ (dual vocative)
स्वसारा1 (dual vocative)
स्वसारः (plural vocative)
स्वसारम् (accusative singular)
स्वसारौ (accusative dual)
स्वसारा1 (accusative dual)
स्वसॄः (accusative plural)
स्वस्रा (instrumental singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वसृभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्रे (dative singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वसृभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वसुः (ablative singular)
स्वसृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वसृभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वसुः (genitive singular)
स्वस्रोः (dual genitive)
स्वसॄणाम् (genitive plural)
स्वसरि (locative singular)
स्वस्रोः (dual locative)
स्वसृषु (locative plural)
स्वसा (nominative singular)
स्वसे (dual nominative)
स्वसाः (nominative plural)
स्वसे (singular vocative)
स्वसे (dual vocative)
स्वसाः (plural vocative)
स्वसाम् (accusative singular)
स्वसे (accusative dual)
स्वसाः (accusative plural)
स्वसया (instrumental singular)
स्वसा1 (instrumental singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वसाभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वसायै (dative singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वसाभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वसायाः (ablative singular)
स्वसायै2 (ablative singular)
स्वसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वसाभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वसायाः (genitive singular)
स्वसायै2 (genitive singular)
स्वसयोः (dual genitive)
स्वसानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वसायाम् (locative singular)
स्वसयोः (dual locative)
स्वसासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (pas)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (sasī)

Grangali: [script needed] (pas)

Kalami: [script needed] (išpō)

Khowar: اِسپُسار (ispusár)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (săs)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (sawō)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (sāī)

Shina: [script needed] (sa)

Shumashti: [script needed] (pas)

Tirahi: [script needed] (spas)

Torwali: شُو (šū)

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨤𐨯𐨂 (spasu)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀲𑀸 (sasā)

→ Bengali: স্বসা (swasā)

/ˈs̪ʋɐ.s̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *swásā (“sister”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬭 (xᵛaŋhar), Persian خواهر (xwâhar), Latin soror, Old Prussian swestro, Old Church Slavonic сестра (sestra), Tocharian A ṣar, Old English sweoster (whence English sister).

अप॒ स्वसु॑र्उ॒षसो॒ नग्जि॑हीते रि॒णक्ति॑ कृ॒ष्णीर॑रु॒षाय॒ पन्था॑म्।
अश्वा॑मघा॒ गोम॑घा वां हुवेम॒ दिवा॒ नक्तं॒ शरु॑म॒स्मद्यु॑योतम्॥
ápa svásuruṣáso nágjihīte riṇákti kṛṣṇī́raruṣā́ya pánthām.

The Night retireth from the Dawn her Sister; the Dark one yieldeth to the Red her pathway.
Let us invoke you rich in steeds and cattle - by day and night keep far from us the arrow.

áśvāmaghā gómaghā vāṃ huvema dívā náktaṃ śárumasmádyuyotam.


चर्मन्

cárman (romanization)
चर्म (nominative singular)
चर्मणी (dual nominative)
चर्माणि (nominative plural)
चर्म1 (nominative plural)
चर्मा1 (nominative plural)
चर्मन् (singular vocative)
चर्म (singular vocative)
चर्मणी (dual vocative)
चर्माणि (plural vocative)
चर्म1 (plural vocative)
चर्मा1 (plural vocative)
चर्म (accusative singular)
चर्मणी (accusative dual)
चर्माणि (accusative plural)
चर्म1 (accusative plural)
चर्मा1 (accusative plural)
चर्मणा (instrumental singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चर्मभिः (instrumental plural)
चर्मणे (dative singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
चर्मभ्यः (dative plural)
चर्मणः (ablative singular)
चर्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चर्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
चर्मणः (genitive singular)
चर्मणोः (dual genitive)
चर्मणाम् (genitive plural)
चर्मणि (locative singular)
चर्मन्1 (locative singular)
चर्मणोः (dual locative)
चर्मसु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: ċam

Arabic script: ژَم

Devanagari script: च़म

Phalura:

Latin script: čáam

Arabic script: چام

Torwali: چم (čam)

Pali: camma
→ Khmer: ចម្ម (cam)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) (see there for further descendants)

Bengali: চাম (cam)

Bengali: চিমসা (cimośa)

Rohingya: samra, sam

Assamese: চৰ্ম (sormo)

Bengali: চর্ম (cormo)

Gujarati: ચર્મ (carma)

Hindustani: carm

Hindi: चर्म

Urdu: چَرْم

Kannada: ಚರ್ಮ (carma)

Malayalam: ചർമ്മം (caṟmmaṁ)

Old Marathi: carma

Devanagari script: चर्म

Modi script: 𑘓𑘨𑘿𑘦

Odia: ଚର୍ମ (carma)

Punjabi: caram

Gurmukhi script: ਚਰਮ

Shahmukhi script: چَرَم

Tamil: சருமம் (carumam)

Telugu: చర్మము (carmamu)

Sinhalese: චර්මය (carmaya)

/t͡ɕɐ́ɾ.mɐn/

/ˈt͡ɕɐɾ.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárma, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kérmn̥ (“skin, hide, pelt”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬥 (car^əman), Old Persian 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎴 (c-r-m-n /carman/) (whence Persian چرم (čarm)), Latin corium (“skin”), Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

inh

निश् चर्म॑ण ऋभवो॒ गाम॑पिंशत॒ सं व॒त्सेना॑सृजता मा॒तरं॒ पुनः॑ ।
níś cármaṇa ṛbhavo gā́mapiṃśata sáṃ vatsénāsṛjatā mātáraṃ púnaḥ.

Out of skin, O Ṛbhus, once ye formed a cow, and brought the mother close unto her calf again.


भर्ग

bhárga (romanization)
भर्गः (nominative singular)
भर्गौ (dual nominative)
भर्गा1 (dual nominative)
भर्गाः (nominative plural)
भर्गासः1 (nominative plural)
भर्ग (singular vocative)
भर्गौ (dual vocative)
भर्गा1 (dual vocative)
भर्गाः (plural vocative)
भर्गासः1 (plural vocative)
भर्गम् (accusative singular)
भर्गौ (accusative dual)
भर्गा1 (accusative dual)
भर्गान् (accusative plural)
भर्गेण (instrumental singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भर्गैः (instrumental plural)
भर्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भर्गाय (dative singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भर्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
भर्गात् (ablative singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भर्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भर्गस्य (genitive singular)
भर्गयोः (dual genitive)
भर्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
भर्गे (locative singular)
भर्गयोः (dual locative)
भर्गेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰél-gos, from *bʰel- (“light, bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”), Latin flavus (“yellow”), Russian бе́лый (bélyj), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (whence English bald). Related to भाल (bhāla). See also भर्गस् (bhargas).


भ्रू

bhrū́ (romanization)
भ्रूः (nominative singular)
भ्रुवौ (dual nominative)
भ्रुवः (nominative plural)
भ्रूः (singular vocative)
भ्रुवौ (dual vocative)
भ्रुवः (plural vocative)
भ्रुवम् (accusative singular)
भ्रुवौ (accusative dual)
भ्रुवः (accusative plural)
भ्रुवा (instrumental singular)
भ्रूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रूभिः (instrumental plural)
भ्रुवे (dative singular)
भ्रुवै1 (dative singular)
भ्रूभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रूभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रुवः (ablative singular)
भ्रुवाः1 (ablative singular)
भ्रुवै2 (ablative singular)
भ्रूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रूभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रुवः (genitive singular)
भ्रुवाः1 (genitive singular)
भ्रुवै2 (genitive singular)
भ्रुवोः (dual genitive)
भ्रुवाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रूणाम्1 (genitive plural)
भ्रुवि (locative singular)
भ्रुवाम्1 (locative singular)
भ्रुवोः (dual locative)
भ्रूषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: bumb, bum

Arabic script: بُمب, بُم

Devanagari script: बुम्ब, बुम

Pali: bhamu, bhū

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀼𑀫𑀸 (bhumā), 𑀪𑀫𑀼𑀳𑀸 (bhamuhā)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ભવું (bhavũ)

Hindustani: bha͠uh

Hindi: भौंह

Urdu: بھونہ

Romani: phov

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ভূ (bhu)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: bhãhũ

Devanagari script: भँहुँ (bhãhũ)

Kaithi script: 𑂦𑂀𑂯𑂳𑂀 (bhãhũ)

Maithili: भौँह (bhaũh)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Bhadrawahi: ढ्ळु (ḍhḷu)

Jaunsari: भौँ (bhaũ)

Kumaoni: भौँ (bhaũ)

Nepali: भौं (bha͠u)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ބުމަ (buma)

Sinhalese: බැම (bæma)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: भुव (bhuv)

Marathi: भुवई (bhuvaī)

Western:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: bhaurā, bhaũh

Gurmukhi script: ਭੌਰਾ, ਭੌਂਹ

Shahmukhi script: بھَورَا, بھَوںہ

→ Proto-South Dravidian I:

desctree

Old Kannada: ಪುರ್ವು (purvu)
Middle Kannada: ಪುರ್ಬು (purbu)
Kannada: ಹುಬ್ಬು (hubbu)

Malayalam: പുരികം (purikaṁ)

Tamil: புருவம் (puruvam)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HbʰrúHs (“eyebrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“eyebrow”). Cognate with Persian ابرو (abru), Ancient Greek ὀφρύς (ophrús), Tocharian B pärwāne, Old English brū (whence English brow).

उत स्य वाजी सहुरिरृतावा शुश्रूषमाणस्तन्वा समर्ये ।
तुरं यतीषु तुरयन्नृजिप्योऽधि भ्रुवोः किरते रेणुमृञ्जन् ॥
uta sya vājī sahurirṛtāvā śuśrūṣamāṇastanvā samarye.

And that strong horse, victorious and faithful, obedient with his body in the combat,
Speeding straight on amid the swiftly pressing, casts over his eyebrows the dust he tosses upward.

turaṃ yatīṣu turayannṛjipyoʼdhi bhruvoḥ kirate reṇumṛñjan.


भ्रातृ

bhrā́tṛ (romanization)
भ्राता (nominative singular)
भ्रातरौ (dual nominative)
भ्रातरा1 (dual nominative)
भ्रातरः (nominative plural)
भ्रातः (singular vocative)
भ्रातरौ (dual vocative)
भ्रातरा1 (dual vocative)
भ्रातरः (plural vocative)
भ्रातरम् (accusative singular)
भ्रातरौ (accusative dual)
भ्रातरा1 (accusative dual)
भ्रातॄन् (accusative plural)
भ्रात्रा (instrumental singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रातृभिः (instrumental plural)
भ्रात्रे (dative singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रातृभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रातुः (ablative singular)
भ्रातृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रातृभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रातुः (genitive singular)
भ्रात्रोः (dual genitive)
भ्रातॄणाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रातरि (locative singular)
भ्रात्रोः (dual locative)
भ्रातृषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀢𑀼 (bhātu)

desc

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi), 𑀪𑀸𑀇𑀓 (bhāika)

Old Bengali:

Bengali: ভাই (bhai), ভাইয়া (bhaiẏa)

Sylheti: ꠜꠣꠁ (bái)

Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi)

desctree

Early Assamese: ভাই (bhai)
Assamese: ভাই (bhai)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀉 (bhāu)
Konkani: bhāv
Devanagari script: भाव
Kannada script: ಭಾವ್
Latin script: bhav
Old Marathi:
Devanagari script: भाउ (bhāu), भाव (bhāva)
Modi script: 𑘥𑘰𑘄 (bhāu), 𑘥𑘰𑘪 (bhāva)
Marathi: भाऊ (bhāū)

desc

Niya Prakrit: 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟 (bhrata), 𐨧𐨿𐨪𐨟𐨂 (bhratu)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਭਾਈ (bhāī) / بھائی (bhā'ī)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀆 (bhāā), 𑀪𑀸𑀇 (bhāi)

desctree

Old Gujarati: भाई (bhāī)
Gujarati: ભાઈ (bhāī)

Old Hindi:

Hindi: भाई (bhāī)

Urdu: بھائی (bhāī)

→ English: bhai

Romani: phral (see there for further descendants)

Dardic

Kashmiri: بوے (bōē)

Pali: bhātar

→ Bengali: ভ্রাতা (bhrata)

desc

→ Hindi: भ्राता (bhrātā), भ्रातृ (bhrātŕ)

→ Telugu: భ్రాత (bhrāta)

/bʱɾɑ́ː.tr̩/

/ˈbʱɾɑː.t̪r̩/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráHtā (“brother”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (brātar), Ancient Greek φρᾱ́τηρ (phrā́tēr), Latin frater, Persian برادر (barâdar), Proto-Slavic *bràtrъ, English brother.

द्यौ॒ष् पितः॒ पृथि॑वि॒ मात॒र् अध्रु॒ग् अग्ने॑ भ्रातर् वसवो मृ॒ळता॑ नः।
विश्व॑ आदित्या अदिते स॒जोषा॑ अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ शर्म॑ बहु॒लं वि य॑न्त॥
dyauṣ pítaḥ pṛ́thivi mā́tar ádhrug ágne bhrātar vasavo mṛḷátā naḥ.

Father Heaven, innocent mother Earth, brother Agni, and you, Vasus, grant us happiness; all you sons of Aditi, and you Aditi, alike well-pleased, bestow upon us ample felicity.

víśva ādityā adite sajóṣā asmábhyaṃ śárma bahuláṃ ví yanta.

(by extension) kinsman, relative
cousin (especially paternal cousin)


बुध्न

budhná (romanization)
बुध्नः (nominative singular)
बुध्नौ (dual nominative)
बुध्ना1 (dual nominative)
बुध्नाः (nominative plural)
बुध्नासः1 (nominative plural)
बुध्न (singular vocative)
बुध्नौ (dual vocative)
बुध्ना1 (dual vocative)
बुध्नाः (plural vocative)
बुध्नासः1 (plural vocative)
बुध्नम् (accusative singular)
बुध्नौ (accusative dual)
बुध्ना1 (accusative dual)
बुध्नान् (accusative plural)
बुध्नेन (instrumental singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुध्नैः (instrumental plural)
बुध्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुध्नाय (dative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुध्नात् (ablative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुध्नस्य (genitive singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual genitive)
बुध्नानाम् (genitive plural)
बुध्ने (locative singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual locative)
बुध्नेषु (locative plural)
बुध्नम् (nominative singular)
बुध्ने (dual nominative)
बुध्नानि (nominative plural)
बुध्ना1 (nominative plural)
बुध्न (singular vocative)
बुध्ने (dual vocative)
बुध्नानि (plural vocative)
बुध्ना1 (plural vocative)
बुध्नम् (accusative singular)
बुध्ने (accusative dual)
बुध्नानि (accusative plural)
बुध्ना1 (accusative plural)
बुध्नेन (instrumental singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुध्नैः (instrumental plural)
बुध्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुध्नाय (dative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुध्नात् (ablative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुध्नस्य (genitive singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual genitive)
बुध्नानाम् (genitive plural)
बुध्ने (locative singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual locative)
बुध्नेषु (locative plural)

Gujarati: બૂધું (būdhũ)

→ Telugu: బుధ్నము (budhnamu)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-nó-s (“bottom”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬥𐬀 (būna), Persian بن (bon, “bottom”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) (whence the name of the country Honduras), Old English botm, bodan (whence English bottom).

cog

आ कृष्ण ईं जुहुराणो जिघर्ति त्वचो बुध्ने रजसो अस्य योनौ ॥

The black undulating cloud sprinkles water on him, in this mid-air's depth, at the base of darkness

ā kṛṣṇa īṃ juhurāṇo jigharti tvaco budhne rajaso asya yonau.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

bottom, ground, base, depth, lowest part of anything (as the root of a tree etc.)


पितृ

pitṛ́ (romanization)
पिता (nominative singular)
पितरौ (dual nominative)
पितरा1 (dual nominative)
पितरः (nominative plural)
पितः (singular vocative)
पितरौ (dual vocative)
पितरा1 (dual vocative)
पितरः (plural vocative)
पितरम् (accusative singular)
पितरौ (accusative dual)
पितरा1 (accusative dual)
पितॄन् (accusative plural)
पितरः (accusative plural)
पित्रा (instrumental singular)
पितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पितृभिः (instrumental plural)
पित्रे (dative singular)
पितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
पितृभ्यः (dative plural)
पितुः (ablative singular)
पितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
पितुः (genitive singular)
पित्रोः (dual genitive)
पितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
पितरि (locative singular)
पित्रोः (dual locative)
पितृषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පියා (piyā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Odia: ପିଅର (piara)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਪਿੱਤਰ (pittar)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: piu

Hindi: पिउ

Urdu: پِئُ

Pali: pitar

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pHtā́ (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬀𐬭 (pitar), Latin pater, Ancient Greek πᾰτήρ (pătḗr), Old Armenian հայր (hayr), Old Persian 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 (p-i-t-a /pitā/) (whence Persian پدر (pedar)), Old English fæder (whence English father).

सस्तु माता सस्तु पिता सस्तु श्वा सस्तु विश्पतिः ।
ससन्तु सर्वे ज्ञातयः सस्त्वयमभितो जनः ॥
sastu mātā sastu pitā sastu śvā sastu viśpatiḥ.

May the mother sleep, may the father sleep, may the dog and the village chief sleep.
Let all the kinsmen and all the people who are round about sleep.

sasantu sarve jñātayaḥ sastvayamabhito janaḥ.

आ तत् ते दस्र मन्तुमः पूषन्न् अवो वृणीमहे ।
येन पितॄन् अचोदयः ॥
ā tat te dasra mantumaḥ pūṣann avo vṛṇīmahe.
yena pitṝn acodayaḥ.

Wise Pūṣan, Wonder-Worker, we claim of thee now the aid wherewith thou furtheredst our ancestors of old.

(in the plural) paternal ancestor; forefather

देवमनुष्या दिशो व्यभजन्त प्राचीं देवा दक्षिणा पितरः प्रतीचीम् मनुष्या उदीचीꣳ रुद्राः । यत् प्राचीनवꣳशं करोति देवलोकम् एव तद् यजमान उपावर्तते परि श्रयति । अन्तर्हितो हि देवलोको मनुष्यलोकात् ।

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VI.1.1

The gods and the men divided the quarters [of the world]; the gods (obtained) the eastern, the Pitrs (obtained) the southern, men (obtained) the western, the Rudras (obtained) the northern. In that, he makes a hall with beams pointing east, the worshipper approaches the world of the gods. He covers it over, for the world of the gods is hidden from the world of men.

devamanuṣyā diśo vyabhajanta prācīṃ devā dakṣiṇā pitaraḥ pratīcīm manuṣyā udīcīṃ rudrāḥ. yat prācīnavaṃśaṃ karoti devalokam eva tad yajamāna upāvartate pari śrayati. antarhito hi devaloko manuṣyalokāt.

The Pitrs; spirits of the deceased ancestors venerated in the Vedic religion


भूर्ज

bhūrja (romanization)
भूर्जः (nominative singular)
भूर्जौ (dual nominative)
भूर्जा1 (dual nominative)
भूर्जाः (nominative plural)
भूर्जासः1 (nominative plural)
भूर्ज (singular vocative)
भूर्जौ (dual vocative)
भूर्जा1 (dual vocative)
भूर्जाः (plural vocative)
भूर्जासः1 (plural vocative)
भूर्जम् (accusative singular)
भूर्जौ (accusative dual)
भूर्जा1 (accusative dual)
भूर्जान् (accusative plural)
भूर्जेन (instrumental singular)
भूर्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भूर्जैः (instrumental plural)
भूर्जेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भूर्जाय (dative singular)
भूर्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भूर्जेभ्यः (dative plural)
भूर्जात् (ablative singular)
भूर्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भूर्जेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भूर्जस्य (genitive singular)
भूर्जयोः (dual genitive)
भूर्जानाम् (genitive plural)
भूर्जे (locative singular)
भूर्जयोः (dual locative)
भूर्जेषु (locative plural)

Pali: bhūja

desc

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (bhujja), 𑀪𑀽𑀚 (bhūja), 𑀪𑀼𑀅 (bhua)

Kashmiri: بُرزٕ (burzụ)

Khowar: بوُڑی (buɫí)

/bʱuːɾ.d͡ʑɐ/

/ˈbʱuːɾ.d͡ʑɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰr̥Hȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥Hȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós (“birch”). Cognate with Latin fraxinus, Lithuanian beržas, English birch.


दक्षिण

dákṣiṇa (romanization)
दक्षिणः (nominative singular)
दक्षिणौ (dual nominative)
दक्षिणा1 (dual nominative)
दक्षिणाः (nominative plural)
दक्षिणासः1 (nominative plural)
दक्षिण (singular vocative)
दक्षिणौ (dual vocative)
दक्षिणा1 (dual vocative)
दक्षिणाः (plural vocative)
दक्षिणासः1 (plural vocative)
दक्षिणम् (accusative singular)
दक्षिणौ (accusative dual)
दक्षिणा1 (accusative dual)
दक्षिणान् (accusative plural)
दक्षिणेन (instrumental singular)
दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दक्षिणैः (instrumental plural)
दक्षिणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दक्षिणाय (dative singular)
दक्षिणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दक्षिणेभ्यः (dative plural)
दक्षिणात् (ablative singular)
दक्षिणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दक्षिणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दक्षिणस्य (genitive singular)
दक्षिणयोः (dual genitive)
दक्षिणानाम् (genitive plural)
दक्षिणे (locative singular)
दक्षिणयोः (dual locative)
दक्षिणेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (dac̣hani)

Kashmiri: دَکھیُٛن (“south”), दख्युन (“south”), دٔچھُن (dạchun, “right”), दऺछुन (“right”)

Kohistani Shina: دشُݨُ

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dōčin)

Phalura: [script needed] (dec̣hiṇi)

Shina: [script needed] (dăc̣hiṇu)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދެކުނު (dekunu)

Sinhalese: දකුණු (dakuṇu)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: दक्खिन (dakkhina)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)

Assamese: দক্ষিণ (dokhin)

Bengali: দক্ষিণ (dokkhin)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: दखिन (dakhin)

Rohingya: doóin

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)

Marathi: डाखीण (ḍākhīṇ, “south wind”)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਦੱਖਣ (dakkhaṇ)

Sindhi: डखिणु (ḍakhiṇu)

Pali: dakkhiṇa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀺𑀡 (dakkhiṇa)

Garhwali: दक्खिन (dakkhin)

Gujarati: દખણ (dakhaṇ)

Hindustani:

Hindi: दक्खिन (dakkhin)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáćšinas (“right, righthand”), from Proto-Indo-European *déḱs-i-no-s, from *deḱs- (“right (side)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬱𐬌𐬥𐬀 (dašina), Lithuanian dẽšinas, Serbo-Croatian дѐснӣ/dèsnī, Ancient Greek δεξιός (dexiós, “right”), Latin dexter (“right”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍅𐌰 (taihswa).


दीर्घ

dīrghá (romanization)
दीर्घः (nominative singular)
दीर्घौ (dual nominative)
दीर्घा1 (dual nominative)
दीर्घाः (nominative plural)
दीर्घासः1 (nominative plural)
दीर्घ (singular vocative)
दीर्घौ (dual vocative)
दीर्घा1 (dual vocative)
दीर्घाः (plural vocative)
दीर्घासः1 (plural vocative)
दीर्घम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घौ (accusative dual)
दीर्घा1 (accusative dual)
दीर्घान् (accusative plural)
दीर्घेण (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घैः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीर्घाय (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घात् (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घस्य (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घे (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪iːɾ.ɡʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬀 (dar^əga, “long”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/), Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós), Latin longus, Old Church Slavonic дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), and possibly English long.

the 5th or 6th or 7th or 8th sign of the Zodiac


जिह्वा

jihvā́ (romanization)
जिह्वा (nominative singular)
जिह्वे (dual nominative)
जिह्वाः (nominative plural)
जिह्वे (singular vocative)
जिह्वे (dual vocative)
जिह्वाः (plural vocative)
जिह्वाम् (accusative singular)
जिह्वे (accusative dual)
जिह्वाः (accusative plural)
जिह्वया (instrumental singular)
जिह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जिह्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
जिह्वायै (dative singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जिह्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
जिह्वायाः (ablative singular)
जिह्वायै2 (ablative singular)
जिह्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जिह्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जिह्वायाः (genitive singular)
जिह्वायै2 (genitive singular)
जिह्वयोः (dual genitive)
जिह्वानाम् (genitive plural)
जिह्वायाम् (locative singular)
जिह्वयोः (dual locative)
जिह्वासु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Awadhi: जीभ (jībh)

Dardic:

Dameli: ژِپ (žip)

Domaaki: جِبا (ǰiba)

desc

Gawar-Bati: زِپ (zib), [script needed] (zip)

Grangali: زِپ (zip)

Indus Kohistani: زِیب (zīb)

Kalami: جِب (ǰib)

Kalasha: ǰip (جِپ)

Kashmiri: زؠو (zyav)

Kohistani Shina: جِب (ǰib)

Northeast Pashayi: زِیپ (zīp)

Northwest Pashayi: جِب (ǰib)

Phalura: جھِپ (ǰhip)

Savi: ژِبا (žiba)

Shina: جِپ (ǰip)

Shumashti: زِیب (zīb)

Tirahi: جُب (ǰub)

Torwali: جِیب (ǰīb)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: زِب (zib)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދޫ (dū)

Sinhalese: දිව (diwa)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Assamese: জিভা (zibha)

Bengali: জিভ (jibh)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: जीभि (jībhi)

Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂦 (jībh)

Maithili: जीहा (jīhā)

Mymensinghiya: জিবলা (zibla)

Odia: ଜିଭ (jibha)

Sylheti: ꠎꠤꠙꠞꠣ (zifra)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Konkani: जीभ (jībh)

Old Marathi: जीभ (jībha)

Marathi: जीभ (jībh)

Pali: jivhā

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (jibbhā)

Garhwali: जीभ (jībh)

Gujarati: જીભ (jībh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: जीभ (jībh)

Urdu: جیبھ (jībh)

Kumaoni: जीभ (jībh)

Nepali: जिब्रो (jibro)

Punjabi: ਜੀਭ (jībh), ਜਿੱਭ (jibbha)

desctree

Romani: ćhib (“tongue; language”), shib (Anglicized), čhib, śib, șib (Pan-Vlax)
Caló: chipí

Sindhi: جڀا (jibhā)

/d͡ʑiɦ.ʋɑ́ː/

/ˈd͡ʑiɦ.ʋɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́iźʰwáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH (compare Kamkata-viri dić, Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā), Persian زبان (zabân)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (whence Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō), Latin lingua, Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ), Old Prussian insuwis, English tongue).


दोस्

dós (romanization)
दोः (nominative singular)
दोषी (dual nominative)
दोंषि (nominative plural)
दोः (singular vocative)
दोषी (dual vocative)
दोंषि (plural vocative)
दोः (accusative singular)
दोषी (accusative dual)
दोंषि (accusative plural)
दोषा (instrumental singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दोर्भिः (instrumental plural)
दोषे (dative singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दोर्भ्यः (dative plural)
दोषः (ablative singular)
दोर्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दोर्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दोषः (genitive singular)
दोषोः (dual genitive)
दोषाम् (genitive plural)
दोषि (locative singular)
दोषोः (dual locative)
दोःषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dáwṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáwš, from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“arm”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬊𐬱 (daoš), Persian دوش (duš), Proto-Slavic *(paz)duxa (“bosom, armpit”), Proto-Celtic *dows(ants).

cog

(geometry) the part of an arc defining its sine

(geometry) the side of a triangle or square


अश्रु

अश्रु ॑ (canonical)
áśru (romanization)
अश्रु (nominative singular)
अश्रुणी (dual nominative)
अश्रूणि (nominative plural)
अश्रु1 (nominative plural)
अश्रू1 (nominative plural)
अश्रु (singular vocative)
अश्रो (singular vocative)
अश्रुणी (dual vocative)
अश्रूणि (plural vocative)
अश्रु1 (plural vocative)
अश्रू1 (plural vocative)
अश्रु (accusative singular)
अश्रुणी (accusative dual)
अश्रूणि (accusative plural)
अश्रु1 (accusative plural)
अश्रू1 (accusative plural)
अश्रुणा (instrumental singular)
अश्र्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अश्रुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अश्रुभिः (instrumental plural)
अश्रुणे (dative singular)
अश्रवे1 (dative singular)
अश्रुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अश्रुभ्यः (dative plural)
अश्रुणः (ablative singular)
अश्रोः1 (ablative singular)
अश्रुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अश्रुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अश्रुणः (genitive singular)
अश्रोः1 (genitive singular)
अश्रुणोः (dual genitive)
अश्रूणाम् (genitive plural)
अश्रुणि (locative singular)
अश्रौ1 (locative singular)
अश्रुणोः (dual locative)
अश्रुषु (locative plural)

desc

Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲𑀼 (aṃsu), 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲𑀼 (assu) — Śaurasenī (see there for further descendants)

Pali: assu
→ Khmer: អស្សុ (ʼahsoʼ)

Borrowed terms

→ Bengali: অশ্রু (osru)

→ Gujarati: અશ્રુ (aśru)

→ Hindi: अश्रु (aśru)

→ Kannada: ಅಶ್ರು (aśru)

→ Malayalam: അശ്രു (aśru)

→ Marathi: अश्रू (aśrū)

⇒ Telugu: అశ్రువు (aśruvu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru
Sanskrit अश्रु॑ (áśru)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háśru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćru, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱru, from compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (“eye bitter”) (compare *dáḱru-). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏- (asrū-), 𐬀𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥 (asrūazan), Lithuanian ãšara, Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru), Hittite 𒅖𒄩𒀪𒊒 (isḫaḫru), Tocharian A ākär, Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂 (tagr), Old Armenian արտաւսր (artawsr), Latin lacrima, and Old English tēar (whence English tear).

etymon

अश्रु॑

with मुच् (muc), कृ (kṛ) or वृत् (vṛt)

क॒दा सू॒नुः पि॒तरं॑ जा॒त इ॑च्छाच्च॒क्रन्नाश्रु॑ वर्तयद्विजा॒नन ।
को दम्प॑ती॒ सम॑नसा॒ वि यू॑यो॒दध॒ यद॒ग्निः श्वशु॑रेषु॒ दीद॑यत् ॥
kadā́ sūnúḥ pitáraṃ jātá icchāccakránnā́śru vartayadvijānáná.

When will the son be born and seek his father? Mourner-like, will he weep when first he knows him?
Who shall divide the accordant wife and husband, while fire is shining with thy consort's parents?

kó dámpatī sámanasā ví yūyodádha yádagníḥ śváśureṣu dī́dayat.


देवर

devará (romanization)
देवरः (nominative singular)
देवरौ (dual nominative)
देवरा1 (dual nominative)
देवराः (nominative plural)
देवरासः1 (nominative plural)
देवर (singular vocative)
देवरौ (dual vocative)
देवरा1 (dual vocative)
देवराः (plural vocative)
देवरासः1 (plural vocative)
देवरम् (accusative singular)
देवरौ (accusative dual)
देवरा1 (accusative dual)
देवरान् (accusative plural)
देवरेण (instrumental singular)
देवराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
देवरैः (instrumental plural)
देवरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
देवराय (dative singular)
देवराभ्याम् (dative dual)
देवरेभ्यः (dative plural)
देवरात् (ablative singular)
देवराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
देवरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
देवरस्य (genitive singular)
देवरयोः (dual genitive)
देवराणाम् (genitive plural)
देवरे (locative singular)
देवरयोः (dual locative)
देवरेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: diór

Kashmiri: درُٛے

Bengali: দেবর (debor)

Gujarati: દિયર (diyar)

Hindi: देवर (devar)

Marathi: देवर (devar)

Nepali: देवर (dewar)

Punjabi: ਦਿਓਰ (diora)

→ Telugu: దేవరుడు (dēvaruḍu)

Urdu: دیور (devar)

/dɐj.ʋɐ.ɾɐ́/

/ˈd̪eː.ʋɐ.ɾɐ/

Derived from देवृ (devṛ); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“brother in law”).

inh

woman's brother-in-law, husband's brother


व्रत

vratá (romanization)
व्रतम् (nominative singular)
व्रते (dual nominative)
व्रतानि (nominative plural)
व्रता1 (nominative plural)
व्रत (singular vocative)
व्रते (dual vocative)
व्रतानि (plural vocative)
व्रता1 (plural vocative)
व्रतम् (accusative singular)
व्रते (accusative dual)
व्रतानि (accusative plural)
व्रता1 (accusative plural)
व्रतेन (instrumental singular)
व्रताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
व्रतैः (instrumental plural)
व्रतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
व्रताय (dative singular)
व्रताभ्याम् (dative dual)
व्रतेभ्यः (dative plural)
व्रतात् (ablative singular)
व्रताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
व्रतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
व्रतस्य (genitive singular)
व्रतयोः (dual genitive)
व्रतानाम् (genitive plural)
व्रते (locative singular)
व्रतयोः (dual locative)
व्रतेषु (locative plural)

→ English: vrata (learned)

→ Hindi: व्रत (vrat)

→ Indonesian: brata

→ Marathi: व्रत (vrat)

→ Nepali: व्रत (brata)

→ Tamil: விரதம் (viratam)

→ Tocharian B: wrat

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wratám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wratám, from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak, say”), possibly also conflated with *welh₁- (“to choose, want, will”) (cf. वर (vará, “choice; chooser”)). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀 (urvāta), Old English word (whence English word).

der

sphere of action, function, mode or manner of life

meritorious act of devotion or austerity