खट

khaṭa (romanization)
खटः (nominative singular)
खटौ (dual nominative)
खटा1 (dual nominative)
खटाः (nominative plural)
खटासः1 (nominative plural)
खट (singular vocative)
खटौ (dual vocative)
खटा1 (dual vocative)
खटाः (plural vocative)
खटासः1 (plural vocative)
खटम् (accusative singular)
खटौ (accusative dual)
खटा1 (accusative dual)
खटान् (accusative plural)
खटेन (instrumental singular)
खटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
खटैः (instrumental plural)
खटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
खटाय (dative singular)
खटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
खटेभ्यः (dative plural)
खटात् (ablative singular)
खटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
खटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
खटस्य (genitive singular)
खटयोः (dual genitive)
खटानाम् (genitive plural)
खटे (locative singular)
खटयोः (dual locative)
खटेषु (locative plural)

Perhaps borrowed from Dravidian; compare Kannada ಕಡಿ (kaḍi, “to cut, bite, break”).

cog

a kind of blow (‘the closed or doubled fist, as for striking’)


खट

Related to कट (kaṭa, “grass”); see there for more.


स्वाधीनता

svādhīnatā (romanization)
स्वाधीनता (nominative singular)
स्वाधीनते (dual nominative)
स्वाधीनताः (nominative plural)
स्वाधीनते (singular vocative)
स्वाधीनते (dual vocative)
स्वाधीनताः (plural vocative)
स्वाधीनताम् (accusative singular)
स्वाधीनते (accusative dual)
स्वाधीनताः (accusative plural)
स्वाधीनतया (instrumental singular)
स्वाधीनता1 (instrumental singular)
स्वाधीनताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वाधीनताभिः (instrumental plural)
स्वाधीनतायै (dative singular)
स्वाधीनताभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वाधीनताभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वाधीनतायाः (ablative singular)
स्वाधीनतायै2 (ablative singular)
स्वाधीनताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वाधीनताभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वाधीनतायाः (genitive singular)
स्वाधीनतायै2 (genitive singular)
स्वाधीनतयोः (dual genitive)
स्वाधीनतानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वाधीनतायाम् (locative singular)
स्वाधीनतयोः (dual locative)
स्वाधीनतासु (locative plural)

/s̪ʋɑːˈd̪ʱiː.n̪ɐ.t̪ɑː/

From स्वाधीन (svādhīna, “self-dependent”) + -ता (-tā).

suf

200 BCE – 1200, Kāvya literature


हिङ्गु

hiṅgú (romanization)
हिङ्गुः (nominative singular)
हिङ्गू (dual nominative)
हिङ्गवः (nominative plural)
हिङ्गो (singular vocative)
हिङ्गू (dual vocative)
हिङ्गवः (plural vocative)
हिङ्गुम् (accusative singular)
हिङ्गू (accusative dual)
हिङ्गून् (accusative plural)
हिङ्गुना (instrumental singular)
हिङ्ग्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हिङ्गुभिः (instrumental plural)
हिङ्गवे (dative singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हिङ्गुभ्यः (dative plural)
हिङ्गोः (ablative singular)
हिङ्गुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हिङ्गुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हिङ्गोः (genitive singular)
हिङ्ग्वोः (dual genitive)
हिङ्गूनाम् (genitive plural)
हिङ्गौ (locative singular)
हिङ्ग्वोः (dual locative)
हिङ्गुषु (locative plural)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬶᬂᬕᬸ

Dardic:

Kashmiri: یَنٛگہٕ (yangụ)

→ Middle Chinese: 形虞 (MC heng ngju)

Mandarin: 形虞 (xíngyú)

→ Middle Chinese: 興蕖 (MC xing gjo)

Mandarin: 興蕖 /兴蕖 (xīngqú)

Pali: hiṅgu

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀼 (hiṃgu)

Gujarati: હિંગ (hiṅg)

Hindi: हींग (hīṅg)

Nepali: हिङ (hiṅ)

Marathi: हिंग (hiṅga)

→ Burmese: ရှိန်းခို (hrin:hkui)

→ Jingpho: hkying hku

desc

→ Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)

→ Shan: သိင်းၶူဝ်ႇ (síng khò)

Lepcha: ᰝᰬᰵ (heng)

Odia: ହଂଗ୍ (haṅg), ହିଙ୍ଗୁ (hiṅgu)

→ Kannada: ಇಂಗು (iṅgu)

→ Tamil: இங்கு (iṅku)

Borrowed from Proto-Iranian *Hángwr̥ (“extract, resin”), with an unexpected shift from *a to i, from the derivation *Hanguǰatu of which Iranian terms for asafoetida derive.

bor

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

a kind of liquid made from the roots of asafoetida


यवन

yavana (romanization)
यवनः (nominative singular)
यवनौ (dual nominative)
यवनाः (nominative plural)
यवन (singular vocative)
यवनौ (dual vocative)
यवनाः (plural vocative)
यवनम् (accusative singular)
यवनौ (accusative dual)
यवनान् (accusative plural)
यवनेन (instrumental singular)
यवनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यवनैः (instrumental plural)
यवनाय (dative singular)
यवनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यवनेभ्यः (dative plural)
यवनात् (ablative singular)
यवनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यवनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यवनस्य (genitive singular)
यवनयोः (dual genitive)
यवनानाम् (genitive plural)
यवने (locative singular)
यवनयोः (dual locative)
यवनेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of यवन

→ Bengali: যবন (jobon) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: यवन (yavan)

Urdu: یَوَن (yavan)

→ Middle Chinese: 耶槃那 (MC yae ban na)

→ Tamil: யவனர் (yavaṉar) (learned)

desctree

→ Thai: ยวน (yuuan)
→ Burmese: ယွန်း (ywan:)

/ˈjɐ.ʋɐ.n̪ɐ/

Borrowed from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), borrowed from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /yauna/), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, “an Ionian”). See also म्लेच्छ (mleccha, “non-Aryan, barbarian”).

यवनेश्वर

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti

यवनजातक

a foreigner, an outsider not part of the four-tiers of varna

विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
भूय एव असृजत् घोरान् शकान् यवन मिश्रितान् ।
viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā.
bhūya eva asṛjat ghorān śakān yavana miśritān.
2002 translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao

c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.54.20b, 21a

On seeing the subdual of hundreds of Pahlava-s by Vishvamitra, then the Sacred Cow again generated deadly Shaka-s hobnobbed with Yavana-s through her mooing 'hums'.


दृकाण

dṛkāṇa (romanization)
दृकाणः (nominative singular)
दृकाणौ (dual nominative)
दृकाणाः (nominative plural)
दृकाण (singular vocative)
दृकाणौ (dual vocative)
दृकाणाः (plural vocative)
दृकाणम् (accusative singular)
दृकाणौ (accusative dual)
दृकाणान् (accusative plural)
दृकाणेन (instrumental singular)
दृकाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृकाणैः (instrumental plural)
दृकाणाय (dative singular)
दृकाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृकाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
दृकाणात् (ablative singular)
दृकाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृकाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृकाणस्य (genitive singular)
दृकाणयोः (dual genitive)
दृकाणानाम् (genitive plural)
दृकाणे (locative singular)
दृकाणयोः (dual locative)
दृकाणेषु (locative plural)

/d̪r̩ˈkɑː.ɳɐ/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δεκανός (dekanós).

bor+

505 CE – 587 CE, Varāhamihira


परिस्तोम

paristoma (romanization)
परिस्तोमः (nominative singular)
परिस्तोमौ (dual nominative)
परिस्तोमाः (nominative plural)
परिस्तोम (singular vocative)
परिस्तोमौ (dual vocative)
परिस्तोमाः (plural vocative)
परिस्तोमम् (accusative singular)
परिस्तोमौ (accusative dual)
परिस्तोमान् (accusative plural)
परिस्तोमेन (instrumental singular)
परिस्तोमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
परिस्तोमैः (instrumental plural)
परिस्तोमाय (dative singular)
परिस्तोमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
परिस्तोमेभ्यः (dative plural)
परिस्तोमात् (ablative singular)
परिस्तोमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
परिस्तोमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
परिस्तोमस्य (genitive singular)
परिस्तोमयोः (dual genitive)
परिस्तोमानाम् (genitive plural)
परिस्तोमे (locative singular)
परिस्तोमयोः (dual locative)
परिस्तोमेषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περίστρωμα (perístrōma), whence also Latin peristrōma.


बर्बर

barbara (romanization)
बर्बरः (nominative singular)
बर्बरौ (dual nominative)
बर्बरा1 (dual nominative)
बर्बराः (nominative plural)
बर्बरासः1 (nominative plural)
बर्बर (singular vocative)
बर्बरौ (dual vocative)
बर्बरा1 (dual vocative)
बर्बराः (plural vocative)
बर्बरासः1 (plural vocative)
बर्बरम् (accusative singular)
बर्बरौ (accusative dual)
बर्बरा1 (accusative dual)
बर्बरान् (accusative plural)
बर्बरेण (instrumental singular)
बर्बराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बर्बरैः (instrumental plural)
बर्बरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बर्बराय (dative singular)
बर्बराभ्याम् (dative dual)
बर्बरेभ्यः (dative plural)
बर्बरात् (ablative singular)
बर्बराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बर्बरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बर्बरस्य (genitive singular)
बर्बरयोः (dual genitive)
बर्बराणाम् (genitive plural)
बर्बरे (locative singular)
बर्बरयोः (dual locative)
बर्बरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈbɐɾ.bɐ.ɾɐ/

Onomatopoeic, imitating the speech of non-Indo-Aryan language speakers. Compare Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros), Latin balbus, Czech blblati, Lithuanian balbė́ti, Russian болтать (boltatʹ). A late borrowing from Ancient Greek has also been suggested.


पलव

palava (romanization)
पलवः (nominative singular)
पलवौ (dual nominative)
पलवाः (nominative plural)
पलव (singular vocative)
पलवौ (dual vocative)
पलवाः (plural vocative)
पलवम् (accusative singular)
पलवौ (accusative dual)
पलवान् (accusative plural)
पलवेन (instrumental singular)
पलवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलवैः (instrumental plural)
पलवाय (dative singular)
पलवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलवेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलवात् (ablative singular)
पलवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलवस्य (genitive singular)
पलवयोः (dual genitive)
पलवानाम् (genitive plural)
पलवे (locative singular)
पलवयोः (dual locative)
पलवेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of पलव

Assamese: পল (polo)

/ˈpɐ.l̪ɐ.ʋɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“container”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πήληξ (pḗlēx, “helmet”) and Latin pelvis.


कवक

kavaka (romanization)
कवकम् (nominative singular)
कवके (dual nominative)
कवकानि (nominative plural)
कवक (singular vocative)
कवके (dual vocative)
कवकानि (plural vocative)
कवकम् (accusative singular)
कवके (accusative dual)
कवकानि (accusative plural)
कवकेन (instrumental singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कवकैः (instrumental plural)
कवकाय (dative singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कवकेभ्यः (dative plural)
कवकात् (ablative singular)
कवकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कवकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कवकस्य (genitive singular)
कवकयोः (dual genitive)
कवकानाम् (genitive plural)
कवके (locative singular)
कवकयोः (dual locative)
कवकेषु (locative plural)

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">कवक</i>

→ Hindi: कवक (kavak)

c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti


बुक

vegetable hummingbird
vegetable hummingbird

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual

(botany) vegetable hummingbird, hummingbird tree, (Sesbania grandiflora)


भुजा

sa-noun form

भुजा • (bhujā)

sandhi form of nominative/vocative plural of भुज (bhuja, “arm”)


यहु

yáhu (romanization)
यहुः (nominative singular)
यहू (dual nominative)
यहवः (nominative plural)
यहो (singular vocative)
यहू (dual vocative)
यहवः (plural vocative)
यहुम् (accusative singular)
यहू (accusative dual)
यहून् (accusative plural)
यहुना (instrumental singular)
यह्वा1 (instrumental singular)
यहुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यहुभिः (instrumental plural)
यहवे (dative singular)
यह्वे1 (dative singular)
यहुभ्याम् (dative dual)
यहुभ्यः (dative plural)
यहोः (ablative singular)
यह्वः1 (ablative singular)
यहुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यहुभ्यः (ablative plural)
यहोः (genitive singular)
यह्वः1 (genitive singular)
यह्वोः (dual genitive)
यहूनाम् (genitive plural)
यहौ (locative singular)
यह्वोः (dual locative)
यहुषु (locative plural)

Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬎 (yazu, “offspring”).

tigmā́ asya hánavo ná pratidhṛ́ṣe sujámbhaḥ sáhaso yahúḥ


आकृति

ā́kṛti (romanization)
आकृतिः (nominative singular)
आकृती (dual nominative)
आकृतयः (nominative plural)
आकृते (singular vocative)
आकृती (dual vocative)
आकृतयः (plural vocative)
आकृतिम् (accusative singular)
आकृती (accusative dual)
आकृतीः (accusative plural)
आकृत्या (instrumental singular)
आकृती1 (instrumental singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आकृतिभिः (instrumental plural)
आकृतये (dative singular)
आकृत्यै2 (dative singular)
आकृती1 (dative singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
आकृतिभ्यः (dative plural)
आकृतेः (ablative singular)
आकृत्याः2 (ablative singular)
आकृत्यै3 (ablative singular)
आकृतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आकृतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
आकृतेः (genitive singular)
आकृत्याः2 (genitive singular)
आकृत्यै3 (genitive singular)
आकृत्योः (dual genitive)
आकृतीनाम् (genitive plural)
आकृतौ (locative singular)
आकृत्याम्2 (locative singular)
आकृता1 (locative singular)
आकृत्योः (dual locative)
आकृतिषु (locative plural)

पञ्च॑पादं पि॒तरं॒ द्वाद॑श्आकृतिं दि॒व आ॑हुः॒ परे॒ अर्धे॑ पुरी॒षिण॑म् ।
अथे॒मे अ॒न्य उप॑रे विचक्ष॒णं स॒प्तच॑क्रे॒ षळ॑र आहु॒रर्पि॑तम् ॥
páñcapādaṃ pitáraṃ dvā́daśākṛtiṃ divá āhuḥ páre árdhe purīṣíṇam.

They call him in the farther half of heaven the Sire five-footed, of twelve forms, wealthy in watery store.
These others say that he, God with far-seeing eyes, is mounted on the lower seven-wheeled, six-spoked car.

áthemé anyá úpare vicakṣaṇáṃ saptácakre ṣáḷara āhurárpitam.


चरु

carú (romanization)
चरुः (nominative singular)
चरू (dual nominative)
चरवः (nominative plural)
चरो (singular vocative)
चरू (dual vocative)
चरवः (plural vocative)
चरुम् (accusative singular)
चरू (accusative dual)
चरून् (accusative plural)
चरुणा (instrumental singular)
चर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
चरुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
चरुभिः (instrumental plural)
चरवे (dative singular)
चर्वे1 (dative singular)
चरुभ्याम् (dative dual)
चरुभ्यः (dative plural)
चरोः (ablative singular)
चर्वः1 (ablative singular)
चरुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
चरुभ्यः (ablative plural)
चरोः (genitive singular)
चर्वः1 (genitive singular)
चर्वोः (dual genitive)
चरूणाम् (genitive plural)
चरौ (locative singular)
चर्वोः (dual locative)
चरुषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀘𑀭𑀼 (caru)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: carū, caruā, caruī

desc

Hindi: चरू, चरुआ, चरुई

Hindi: चरू, चरुआ, चरुई

Urdu: چَرُو (carū), چَرُءَا, چَرُءِی (caru'ī)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: চৰু (soru), চৰিয়া (soria)

Bihari: चरुआ (caruā), चरुई (caruī)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Lahnda: چروی (carvī)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: carū

Arabic script: چَرُو

Devanagari script: चरू

Southern:

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: चर्वी (ċarvī)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ચરુ (caru), ચર્વી (carvī), ચરુડી (caruḍī)

→ Malayalam: ചരുവം (caruvaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ćarúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čarúš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerús (“pot, cauldron”). Cognate with Old Irish coire (“kettle, cauldron”), Old English hwer, Middle Welsh peir, Russian ча́ра (čára), Old Norse hverr.


वश्य

vaśya (romanization)
वश्यः (nominative singular)
वश्यौ (dual nominative)
वश्या1 (dual nominative)
वश्याः (nominative plural)
वश्यासः1 (nominative plural)
वश्य (singular vocative)
वश्यौ (dual vocative)
वश्या1 (dual vocative)
वश्याः (plural vocative)
वश्यासः1 (plural vocative)
वश्यम् (accusative singular)
वश्यौ (accusative dual)
वश्या1 (accusative dual)
वश्यान् (accusative plural)
वश्येन (instrumental singular)
वश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वश्यैः (instrumental plural)
वश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वश्याय (dative singular)
वश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वश्यात् (ablative singular)
वश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वश्यस्य (genitive singular)
वश्ययोः (dual genitive)
वश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वश्ये (locative singular)
वश्ययोः (dual locative)
वश्येषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *waśyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *waćyás, from Proto-Indo-European *weḱ-yós (“wished, wanted”), with semantic shift. The Sanskrit root is वश् (vaś, “to will, command; to desire”).


वश

váśa (romanization)
वशः (nominative singular)
वशौ (dual nominative)
वशा1 (dual nominative)
वशाः (nominative plural)
वशासः1 (nominative plural)
वश (singular vocative)
वशौ (dual vocative)
वशा1 (dual vocative)
वशाः (plural vocative)
वशासः1 (plural vocative)
वशम् (accusative singular)
वशौ (accusative dual)
वशा1 (accusative dual)
वशान् (accusative plural)
वशेन (instrumental singular)
वशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वशैः (instrumental plural)
वशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वशाय (dative singular)
वशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वशेभ्यः (dative plural)
वशात् (ablative singular)
वशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वशस्य (genitive singular)
वशयोः (dual genitive)
वशानाम् (genitive plural)
वशे (locative singular)
वशयोः (dual locative)
वशेषु (locative plural)
वशम् (nominative singular)
वशे (dual nominative)
वशानि (nominative plural)
वशा1 (nominative plural)
वश (singular vocative)
वशे (dual vocative)
वशानि (plural vocative)
वशा1 (plural vocative)
वशम् (accusative singular)
वशे (accusative dual)
वशानि (accusative plural)
वशा1 (accusative plural)
वशेन (instrumental singular)
वशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वशैः (instrumental plural)
वशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वशाय (dative singular)
वशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वशेभ्यः (dative plural)
वशात् (ablative singular)
वशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वशस्य (genitive singular)
वशयोः (dual genitive)
वशानाम् (genitive plural)
वशे (locative singular)
वशयोः (dual locative)
वशेषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨬𐨭 (vaśa)

Pali: vasa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀲 (vasa)

desc

Hindi: बस (bas, “power; control; ability”)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: waśa
Javanese: ꦮꦱ (wasa)
→ Balinese: ᬯᬰ (wasa, “power, authority”)

⇒ Telugu: వశము (vaśamu)

Nominalized in either the active or the impersonal/passive sense from the root वश् (vaś, “to will; to command; to desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *weḱ-.

वशे कृ

"to render someone under control"; to subdue; to win over; to bewitch

authority; power; control; dominion; influence


रोमन्थ

romantha (romanization)
रोमन्थः (nominative singular)
रोमन्थौ (dual nominative)
रोमन्था1 (dual nominative)
रोमन्थाः (nominative plural)
रोमन्थासः1 (nominative plural)
रोमन्थ (singular vocative)
रोमन्थौ (dual vocative)
रोमन्था1 (dual vocative)
रोमन्थाः (plural vocative)
रोमन्थासः1 (plural vocative)
रोमन्थम् (accusative singular)
रोमन्थौ (accusative dual)
रोमन्था1 (accusative dual)
रोमन्थान् (accusative plural)
रोमन्थेन (instrumental singular)
रोमन्थाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोमन्थैः (instrumental plural)
रोमन्थेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोमन्थाय (dative singular)
रोमन्थाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोमन्थेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोमन्थात् (ablative singular)
रोमन्थाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोमन्थेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोमन्थस्य (genitive singular)
रोमन्थयोः (dual genitive)
रोमन्थानाम् (genitive plural)
रोमन्थे (locative singular)
रोमन्थयोः (dual locative)
रोमन्थेषु (locative plural)

/ɾoːˈmɐn̪.t̪ʰɐ/

Ultimately probably from Proto-Indo-European *sréwmn̥-, from *srew-. Compare Latin rūmen.


भेद

bhedá (romanization)
भेदः (nominative singular)
भेदौ (dual nominative)
भेदा1 (dual nominative)
भेदाः (nominative plural)
भेदासः1 (nominative plural)
भेद (singular vocative)
भेदौ (dual vocative)
भेदा1 (dual vocative)
भेदाः (plural vocative)
भेदासः1 (plural vocative)
भेदम् (accusative singular)
भेदौ (accusative dual)
भेदा1 (accusative dual)
भेदान् (accusative plural)
भेदेन (instrumental singular)
भेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भेदैः (instrumental plural)
भेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भेदाय (dative singular)
भेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
भेदात् (ablative singular)
भेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भेदस्य (genitive singular)
भेदयोः (dual genitive)
भेदानाम् (genitive plural)
भेदे (locative singular)
भेदयोः (dual locative)
भेदेषु (locative plural)

Hindi: भेद (bhed)

Bengali: ভেদ (bhed)

→ Malay: beda, beza

Indonesian: beda

Marathi: भेद (bhed)

→ Old Javanese: bheda
Javanese: ꦧꦺꦢ (béda)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬾᬤ → ᬩᬾᬤ (beda)

Pali: bheda
→ Khmer: ភេទ (pheit)
→ Thai: เภท (pêet, “division, break, difference”)

Tagalog: bihira

→ Tamil: பேதம் (pētam)


सज्जा

sajjā (romanization)
सज्जा (nominative singular)
सज्जे (dual nominative)
सज्जाः (nominative plural)
सज्जे (singular vocative)
सज्जे (dual vocative)
सज्जाः (plural vocative)
सज्जाम् (accusative singular)
सज्जे (accusative dual)
सज्जाः (accusative plural)
सज्जया (instrumental singular)
सज्जा1 (instrumental singular)
सज्जाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सज्जाभिः (instrumental plural)
सज्जायै (dative singular)
सज्जाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सज्जाभ्यः (dative plural)
सज्जायाः (ablative singular)
सज्जायै2 (ablative singular)
सज्जाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सज्जाभ्यः (ablative plural)
सज्जायाः (genitive singular)
सज्जायै2 (genitive singular)
सज्जयोः (dual genitive)
सज्जानाम् (genitive plural)
सज्जायाम् (locative singular)
सज्जयोः (dual locative)
सज्जासु (locative plural)

[sɐd̚.d͡ʑɑː]

/ˈs̪ɐd̪.d͡ʑɑː/

[ˈs̪ɐd̪̚.d͡ʑɑː]

Derived from the root सज्ज् (sajj) + -आ (-ā).


दृश्य

dṛ́śya (romanization)
दृश्यः (nominative singular)
दृश्यौ (dual nominative)
दृश्या1 (dual nominative)
दृश्याः (nominative plural)
दृश्यासः1 (nominative plural)
दृश्य (singular vocative)
दृश्यौ (dual vocative)
दृश्या1 (dual vocative)
दृश्याः (plural vocative)
दृश्यासः1 (plural vocative)
दृश्यम् (accusative singular)
दृश्यौ (accusative dual)
दृश्या1 (accusative dual)
दृश्यान् (accusative plural)
दृश्येन (instrumental singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृश्यैः (instrumental plural)
दृश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दृश्याय (dative singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
दृश्यात् (ablative singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृश्यस्य (genitive singular)
दृश्ययोः (dual genitive)
दृश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
दृश्ये (locative singular)
दृश्ययोः (dual locative)
दृश्येषु (locative plural)
दृश्यम् (nominative singular)
दृश्ये (dual nominative)
दृश्यानि (nominative plural)
दृश्या1 (nominative plural)
दृश्य (singular vocative)
दृश्ये (dual vocative)
दृश्यानि (plural vocative)
दृश्या1 (plural vocative)
दृश्यम् (accusative singular)
दृश्ये (accusative dual)
दृश्यानि (accusative plural)
दृश्या1 (accusative plural)
दृश्येन (instrumental singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दृश्यैः (instrumental plural)
दृश्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दृश्याय (dative singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
दृश्येभ्यः (dative plural)
दृश्यात् (ablative singular)
दृश्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दृश्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
दृश्यस्य (genitive singular)
दृश्ययोः (dual genitive)
दृश्यानाम् (genitive plural)
दृश्ये (locative singular)
दृश्ययोः (dual locative)
दृश्येषु (locative plural)

From the root दृश् (dṛś, “to see”) + -य (-ya).


ह्रादुनि

hrādúni (romanization)
ह्रादुनिः (nominative singular)
ह्रादुनी (dual nominative)
ह्रादुनयः (nominative plural)
ह्रादुने (singular vocative)
ह्रादुनी (dual vocative)
ह्रादुनयः (plural vocative)
ह्रादुनिम् (accusative singular)
ह्रादुनी (accusative dual)
ह्रादुनीः (accusative plural)
ह्रादुन्या (instrumental singular)
ह्रादुनी1 (instrumental singular)
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ह्रादुनिभिः (instrumental plural)
ह्रादुनये (dative singular)
ह्रादुन्यै2 (dative singular)
ह्रादुनी1 (dative singular)
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ह्रादुनिभ्यः (dative plural)
ह्रादुनेः (ablative singular)
ह्रादुन्याः2 (ablative singular)
ह्रादुन्यै3 (ablative singular)
ह्रादुनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ह्रादुनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ह्रादुनेः (genitive singular)
ह्रादुन्याः2 (genitive singular)
ह्रादुन्यै3 (genitive singular)
ह्रादुन्योः (dual genitive)
ह्रादुनीनाम् (genitive plural)
ह्रादुनौ (locative singular)
ह्रादुन्याम्2 (locative singular)
ह्रादुना1 (locative singular)
ह्रादुन्योः (dual locative)
ह्रादुनिषु (locative plural)

/ɦɾɑːˈd̪u.n̪i/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d- (“hail”), perhaps ultimately from *ǵʰreh₁d- (“to sound, make a noise”) (whence also ह्रादते (hrādate)). Cognate with Latin grando (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “hail”).

cog

नास्मै॑ वि॒द्युन्न त॑न्य॒तुः सि॑षेध॒ न यां मिह॒मकि॑रद्ध्रा॒दुनिं॑ च ।
इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यद्यु॑यु॒धाते॒ अहि॑श्चो॒ताप॒रीभ्यो॑ म॒घवा॒ वि जि॑ग्ये ॥
nā́smai vidyúnná tanyatúḥ siṣedha ná yā́ṃ míhamákiraddhrādúniṃ ca.
índraśca yádyuyudhā́te áhiścotā́parī́bhyo maghávā ví jigye.
Nothing availed him lightning, nothing thunder, hail or mist which had spread around him:

When Indra and Vṛtra strove in battle, Maghavan gained the victory for ever.

विधृ॑तिं॒ नाभ्या॑ धृ॒तँ रसे॑ना॒पो यू॒ष्णा मरी॑चीर्वि॒प्रुड्भि॑र्नीहा॒रमू॒ष्मणा॑ शी॒नं वस॑या॒ प्रुष्वा॒ अश्रु॑भिर्ह्रा॒दुनी॑र्दू॒षीका॑भिर॒स्ना रक्षाँ॑सि चि॒त्राण्यङ्गै॒र्नक्षत्राणि रू॒पेण॑ पृथि॒वीं त्व॒चा जु॑म्ब॒काय॒ स्वाहा॑ ॥
vídhṛtiṃ nā́bhyā dhṛtám̐ rásenāpó yūṣṇā́ márīcīrviprúḍbhirnīhārámūṣmáṇā śīnáṃ vásayā prúṣvā áśrubhirhrādúnīrdūṣī́kābhirasnā́ rákṣām̐si citrā́ṇyáṅgairnákṣátrā́ṇí rūpéṇa pṛthivī́ṃ tvacā́ jumbakā́ya svā́hā.
I gratify Separation with his navel;
Butter with his flavour;
the Waters with his broth;
Sunbeams with his drops of fat;
Hoarfrost with his heat;
Ice with his marrow;
Hailstones with his tears;
Thunderbolts with the rheum of his eyes;

c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Śukla-Yajurveda (Vājasenayi Saṃhitā) 25.9

Bright things with his limbs;
Stars with his beauty;
Earth with his skin.
All-hail to Jumbaka!


अज

aja (romanization)
अजः (nominative singular)
अजौ (dual nominative)
अजा1 (dual nominative)
अजाः (nominative plural)
अजासः1 (nominative plural)
अज (singular vocative)
अजौ (dual vocative)
अजा1 (dual vocative)
अजाः (plural vocative)
अजासः1 (plural vocative)
अजम् (accusative singular)
अजौ (accusative dual)
अजा1 (accusative dual)
अजान् (accusative plural)
अजेन (instrumental singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजैः (instrumental plural)
अजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजाय (dative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजात् (ablative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजस्य (genitive singular)
अजयोः (dual genitive)
अजानाम् (genitive plural)
अजे (locative singular)
अजयोः (dual locative)
अजेषु (locative plural)


अज

ajá (romanization)
अजः (nominative singular)
अजौ (dual nominative)
अजा1 (dual nominative)
अजाः (nominative plural)
अजासः1 (nominative plural)
अज (singular vocative)
अजौ (dual vocative)
अजा1 (dual vocative)
अजाः (plural vocative)
अजासः1 (plural vocative)
अजम् (accusative singular)
अजौ (accusative dual)
अजा1 (accusative dual)
अजान् (accusative plural)
अजेन (instrumental singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजैः (instrumental plural)
अजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अजाय (dative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजेभ्यः (dative plural)
अजात् (ablative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजस्य (genitive singular)
अजयोः (dual genitive)
अजानाम् (genitive plural)
अजे (locative singular)
अजयोः (dual locative)
अजेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Haȷ́ás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haȷ́ás, possibly from the same origin as Etymology 1. Cognate with Persian نهاز (noh-âz), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬀 (aza), Lithuanian ožỹs.


जनितृ

janitṛ́ (romanization)
जनिता (nominative singular)
जनितारौ (dual nominative)
जनितारा1 (dual nominative)
जनितारः (nominative plural)
जनितः (singular vocative)
जनितारौ (dual vocative)
जनितारा1 (dual vocative)
जनितारः (plural vocative)
जनितारम् (accusative singular)
जनितारौ (accusative dual)
जनितारा1 (accusative dual)
जनितॄन् (accusative plural)
जनित्रा (instrumental singular)
जनितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनितृभिः (instrumental plural)
जनित्रे (dative singular)
जनितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनितृभ्यः (dative plural)
जनितुः (ablative singular)
जनितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनितुः (genitive singular)
जनित्रोः (dual genitive)
जनितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
जनितरि (locative singular)
जनित्रोः (dual locative)
जनितृषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tōr (“parent, begetter, father”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γενέτωρ (genétōr), Latin genitor.

inh

प्र हिन्वानो जनिता रोदस्यो रथो न वाजं सनिष्यन्नयासीत् ।

Urged on, the Father of the Earth and Heaven hath gone forth like a car to gather treasure

pra hinvāno janitā rodasyo ratho na vājaṃ saniṣyannayāsīt.


हुत

hutá (romanization)
हु (root)
हुतम् (nominative singular)
हुते (dual nominative)
हुतानि (nominative plural)
हुता1 (nominative plural)
हुत (singular vocative)
हुते (dual vocative)
हुतानि (plural vocative)
हुता1 (plural vocative)
हुतम् (accusative singular)
हुते (accusative dual)
हुतानि (accusative plural)
हुता1 (accusative plural)
हुतेन (instrumental singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हुतैः (instrumental plural)
हुतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हुताय (dative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (dative plural)
हुतात् (ablative singular)
हुताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हुतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हुतस्य (genitive singular)
हुतयोः (dual genitive)
हुतानाम् (genitive plural)
हुते (locative singular)
हुतयोः (dual locative)
हुतेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós (“poured”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χυτός (khutós, “poured”).

oblation, offering (that which is poured)


मातुःष्वसृ

sa-noun

मातुःष्वसृ • (mātuḥṣvasṛ) stem, f

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀲𑀺 (māusi)

Assamese: মাহী (mahi)

Bengali: মাসি (maśi), মৈ (mōi)

Odia: ମାଉସୀ (māusi)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀉𑀲𑀺 (māusi)

Konkani:

Devanagari script: माउशी (mauśī)

Kannada script: ಮಾಉಶೀ (mauśī)

Latin script: mauxi

Old Marathi:

Devanagari script: माउसी (māusī)

Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘄𑘭𑘲 (māusī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: માસી (māsī)

Hindi: मौसी (mausī)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਮਾਸੀ (māsī)

Shahmukhi script: ماسی (māsī)

Sindhi:

Arabic script: مَاسِي

Devanagari script: मासी

Urdu: ماسی (māsī)

From मातुः (mā́tuḥ, “mother's”, genitive of मातृ (mā́tṛ)) + स्वसृ (svásṛ, “sister”).

compound

genitive of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">मातृ</i> (mā́tṛ)


धान

dhāna (romanization)
धानम् (nominative singular)
धाने (dual nominative)
धानानि (nominative plural)
धाना1 (nominative plural)
धान (singular vocative)
धाने (dual vocative)
धानानि (plural vocative)
धाना1 (plural vocative)
धानम् (accusative singular)
धाने (accusative dual)
धानानि (accusative plural)
धाना1 (accusative plural)
धानेन (instrumental singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धानैः (instrumental plural)
धानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धानाय (dative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
धानेभ्यः (dative plural)
धानात् (ablative singular)
धानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धानस्य (genitive singular)
धानयोः (dual genitive)
धानानाम् (genitive plural)
धाने (locative singular)
धानयोः (dual locative)
धानेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.n̪ɐ/

Compound of धा (dhā, “to put, place”) + -न (-na).


यूष

yūṣa (romanization)
यूषः (nominative singular)
यूषौ (dual nominative)
यूषा1 (dual nominative)
यूषाः (nominative plural)
यूषासः1 (nominative plural)
यूष (singular vocative)
यूषौ (dual vocative)
यूषा1 (dual vocative)
यूषाः (plural vocative)
यूषासः1 (plural vocative)
यूषम् (accusative singular)
यूषौ (accusative dual)
यूषा1 (accusative dual)
यूषान् (accusative plural)
यूषेण (instrumental singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यूषैः (instrumental plural)
यूषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यूषाय (dative singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यूषेभ्यः (dative plural)
यूषात् (ablative singular)
यूषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यूषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यूषस्य (genitive singular)
यूषयोः (dual genitive)
यूषाणाम् (genitive plural)
यूषे (locative singular)
यूषयोः (dual locative)
यूषेषु (locative plural)

Pali: yūsa

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀲 (jūsa)

Hindi: जूस (jūs)

desc

Sinhalese: (මුං-)යුස ((muṁ-)yusa, “water in which green peas have been boiled; pea-soup”)

From Proto-Indo-European *yuHs-ó-s (“soup, broth”). Cognate with Latin iūs (“gravy, broth, sauce”) (whence English juice), Lithuanian jū́šė (“fish soup”), Russian уха (uxa, “fish soup”), Proto-Germanic *justaz (“cheese”).

inh

pea soup, the water in which different pulses have been boiled


निन्दा

nindā́ (romanization)
निन्दा (nominative singular)
निन्दे (dual nominative)
निन्दाः (nominative plural)
निन्दे (singular vocative)
निन्दे (dual vocative)
निन्दाः (plural vocative)
निन्दाम् (accusative singular)
निन्दे (accusative dual)
निन्दाः (accusative plural)
निन्दया (instrumental singular)
निन्दा1 (instrumental singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
निन्दाभिः (instrumental plural)
निन्दायै (dative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (dative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (dative plural)
निन्दायाः (ablative singular)
निन्दायै2 (ablative singular)
निन्दाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
निन्दाभ्यः (ablative plural)
निन्दायाः (genitive singular)
निन्दायै2 (genitive singular)
निन्दयोः (dual genitive)
निन्दानाम् (genitive plural)
निन्दायाम् (locative singular)
निन्दयोः (dual locative)
निन्दासु (locative plural)

Pali: nindā

Prakrit: 𑀡𑀺𑀁𑀤𑀸 (ṇiṃdā)

→ Hindi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Kannada: ನಿಂದೆ (ninde)

→ Malayalam: നിന്ദ (ninda)

→ Marathi: निंदा (nindā)

→ Punjabi: ਨਿੰਦਾ (nindā)

→ Tamil: நிந்தை (nintai)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃neyd- (“criticism, abuse, reviling”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 (neiþ, “hatred, spite”), Latvian naids (“hatred”), Ancient Greek ὄνειδος (óneidos, “reproach”).

cog

निन्दाश् च वा अनिन्दाश् च यच् च हन्तेति नेति च ।
शरीरं श्रद्धा दक्षिणाश्रद्धा चानु प्राविशन् ॥
nindāś ca vā anindāś ca yac ca hanteti neti ca.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 11.8.22

Reproaches, freedom from reproach, all blamable, all blameless deeds,
Bounty, belief, and unbelief entered the body as a home.

śarīraṃ śraddhā dakṣiṇāśraddhā cānu prāviśan.

(Buddhism) one of the eight worldly conditions


भ्रूण

bhrūṇá (romanization)
भ्रूणम् (nominative singular)
भ्रूणे (dual nominative)
भ्रूणानि (nominative plural)
भ्रूणा1 (nominative plural)
भ्रूण (singular vocative)
भ्रूणे (dual vocative)
भ्रूणानि (plural vocative)
भ्रूणा1 (plural vocative)
भ्रूणम् (accusative singular)
भ्रूणे (accusative dual)
भ्रूणानि (accusative plural)
भ्रूणा1 (accusative plural)
भ्रूणेन (instrumental singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रूणैः (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणाय (dative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रूणात् (ablative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रूणस्य (genitive singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual genitive)
भ्रूणानाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रूणे (locative singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual locative)
भ्रूणेषु (locative plural)

Pokorny suggests Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewH- (“to well up, gush”). Stokes instead compares Proto-Celtic *brusū (“belly, breast”) and possibly Ancient Greek βρύω (brúō, “to swell up”).


भ्रूण

bhrūṇá (romanization)
भ्रूणः (nominative singular)
भ्रूणौ (dual nominative)
भ्रूणा1 (dual nominative)
भ्रूणाः (nominative plural)
भ्रूणासः1 (nominative plural)
भ्रूण (singular vocative)
भ्रूणौ (dual vocative)
भ्रूणा1 (dual vocative)
भ्रूणाः (plural vocative)
भ्रूणासः1 (plural vocative)
भ्रूणम् (accusative singular)
भ्रूणौ (accusative dual)
भ्रूणा1 (accusative dual)
भ्रूणान् (accusative plural)
भ्रूणेन (instrumental singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भ्रूणैः (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भ्रूणाय (dative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (dative plural)
भ्रूणात् (ablative singular)
भ्रूणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भ्रूणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भ्रूणस्य (genitive singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual genitive)
भ्रूणानाम् (genitive plural)
भ्रूणे (locative singular)
भ्रूणयोः (dual locative)
भ्रूणेषु (locative plural)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: ભૂણ (bhūṇ)

Hindi: भून (bhūn)

→ Hindi: भ्रूण (bhrūṇ)


होम

hóma (romanization)
हु (root)
होमः (nominative singular)
होमौ (dual nominative)
होमा1 (dual nominative)
होमाः (nominative plural)
होमासः1 (nominative plural)
होम (singular vocative)
होमौ (dual vocative)
होमा1 (dual vocative)
होमाः (plural vocative)
होमासः1 (plural vocative)
होमम् (accusative singular)
होमौ (accusative dual)
होमा1 (accusative dual)
होमान् (accusative plural)
होमेन (instrumental singular)
होमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
होमैः (instrumental plural)
होमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
होमाय (dative singular)
होमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
होमेभ्यः (dative plural)
होमात् (ablative singular)
होमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
होमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
होमस्य (genitive singular)
होमयोः (dual genitive)
होमानाम् (genitive plural)
होमे (locative singular)
होमयोः (dual locative)
होमेषु (locative plural)

desc

→ ஓமம் (ōmam)

→ Tamil: ஹோமம் (hōmam), → ஓமம் (ōmam)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰáwmas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáwmas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-mo-s, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χεῦμᾰ (kheûmă, “that which is poured”), χέω (khéō), Phrygian ζευμάν (zeumán). By surface analysis, हु (hu, “to offer, sacrifice”, root) + -म (-ma).

surf

the act of making oblations to the gods; a Vedic ritual


शुल्क

śulká (romanization)
शुल्कः (nominative singular)
शुल्कौ (dual nominative)
शुल्काः (nominative plural)
शुल्क (singular vocative)
शुल्कौ (dual vocative)
शुल्काः (plural vocative)
शुल्कम् (accusative singular)
शुल्कौ (accusative dual)
शुल्कान् (accusative plural)
शुल्केन (instrumental singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुल्कैः (instrumental plural)
शुल्काय (dative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (dative plural)
शुल्कात् (ablative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुल्कस्य (genitive singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual genitive)
शुल्कानाम् (genitive plural)
शुल्के (locative singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual locative)
शुल्केषु (locative plural)
शुल्कम् (nominative singular)
शुल्के (dual nominative)
शुल्कानि (nominative plural)
शुल्क (singular vocative)
शुल्के (dual vocative)
शुल्कानि (plural vocative)
शुल्कम् (accusative singular)
शुल्के (accusative dual)
शुल्कानि (accusative plural)
शुल्केन (instrumental singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शुल्कैः (instrumental plural)
शुल्काय (dative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (dative plural)
शुल्कात् (ablative singular)
शुल्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शुल्केभ्यः (ablative plural)
शुल्कस्य (genitive singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual genitive)
शुल्कानाम् (genitive plural)
शुल्के (locative singular)
शुल्कयोः (dual locative)
शुल्केषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शुल्क

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">शुल्क</i>

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

शुल्काभ्याम्

Of unclear origin. Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam, “customs, toll”). The Sanskrit root शुल्क् (śulk, “to pay”) is artificially derived from this word.

अद्य एव शुल्कं दातव्यं अस्ति।

शिक्षण शुल्क

अधिकोष-शुल्क

मार्ग-शुल्क

duty, fee, toll, tax, customs (esp. money levied at ferries, passes, and roads)

dowry, nuptial gift (orig. a price given to parents for the purchase of a bride, but in later times bestowed on the wife as her own property together with the profits of household labor, domestic utensils, ornaments etc.), dower, marriage settlement


आता

ā́tā (romanization)
आता (nominative singular)
आते (dual nominative)
आताः (nominative plural)
आते (singular vocative)
आते (dual vocative)
आताः (plural vocative)
आताम् (accusative singular)
आते (accusative dual)
आताः (accusative plural)
आतया (instrumental singular)
आता1 (instrumental singular)
आताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आताभिः (instrumental plural)
आतायै (dative singular)
आताभ्याम् (dative dual)
आताभ्यः (dative plural)
आतायाः (ablative singular)
आतायै2 (ablative singular)
आताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आताभ्यः (ablative plural)
आतायाः (genitive singular)
आतायै2 (genitive singular)
आतयोः (dual genitive)
आतानाम् (genitive plural)
आतायाम् (locative singular)
आतयोः (dual locative)
आतासु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtaH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ń̻Hteh₂ (“door jamb”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬄𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬁 (ąiθiiā, “door post”), Latin antae, Old Norse ǫnd, Old Armenian (դր-)անդի ((dr-)andi, “porch”).

cog

उद्आतैर्जिहते बृहद्द्वारो देवीर्हिरण्ययीः।
पवमानेन सुष्टुताः॥
udātairjihate bṛhaddvāro devīrhiraṇyayīḥ.
pavamānena suṣṭutāḥ.
The golden, the Celestial Doors are lifted with their frames on high,
By Pavamana glorified. NB. that in this quotation, the feminine noun is, extremely bizarrely, declined as a masculine instrumental plural in -aiḥ (<-air> before a voiced consonant). The expected form is ā́tābhiḥ.


गर्दभ

gardabhá (romanization)
गर्दभः (nominative singular)
गर्दभौ (dual nominative)
गर्दभा1 (dual nominative)
गर्दभाः (nominative plural)
गर्दभासः1 (nominative plural)
गर्दभ (singular vocative)
गर्दभौ (dual vocative)
गर्दभा1 (dual vocative)
गर्दभाः (plural vocative)
गर्दभासः1 (plural vocative)
गर्दभम् (accusative singular)
गर्दभौ (accusative dual)
गर्दभा1 (accusative dual)
गर्दभान् (accusative plural)
गर्दभेन (instrumental singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गर्दभैः (instrumental plural)
गर्दभेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गर्दभाय (dative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (dative plural)
गर्दभात् (ablative singular)
गर्दभाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गर्दभेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गर्दभस्य (genitive singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual genitive)
गर्दभानाम् (genitive plural)
गर्दभे (locative singular)
गर्दभयोः (dual locative)
गर्दभेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)

Pali: gadrabha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)

desc

→ Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)

→ Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)

desctree

→? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
Tocharian B: kercapo

/ɡɐɾ.dɐ.bʱɐ́/

/ˈɡɐɾ.d̪ɐ.bʱɐ/

Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad). However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.

cog

Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde)

ಗಾರ್ದಭ

गार्दभ (gārdabha, “of or relating to a donkey”)


स्नायु

snā́yu (romanization)
स्नायुः (nominative singular)
स्नायू (dual nominative)
स्नायवः (nominative plural)
स्नायो (singular vocative)
स्नायू (dual vocative)
स्नायवः (plural vocative)
स्नायुम् (accusative singular)
स्नायू (accusative dual)
स्नायूः (accusative plural)
स्नाय्वा (instrumental singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नायुभिः (instrumental plural)
स्नाय्वै (dative singular)
स्नायवे (dative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नायुवाः (ablative singular)
स्नायोः (ablative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नायुवाः (genitive singular)
स्नायोः (genitive singular)
स्नाय्वोः (dual genitive)
स्नायूनाम् (genitive plural)
स्नाय्वाम् (locative singular)
स्नायौ (locative singular)
स्नाय्वोः (dual locative)
स्नायुषु (locative plural)
स्नायु (nominative singular)
स्नायुनी (dual nominative)
स्नायूनि (nominative plural)
स्नायु (singular vocative)
स्नायुनी (dual vocative)
स्नायूनि (plural vocative)
स्नायु (accusative singular)
स्नायुनी (accusative dual)
स्नायूनि (accusative plural)
स्नायुना (instrumental singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्नायुभिः (instrumental plural)
स्नायुने (dative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (dative plural)
स्नायुनः (ablative singular)
स्नायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्नायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्नायुनः (genitive singular)
स्नायुनोः (dual genitive)
स्नायूनाम् (genitive plural)
स्नायुनि (locative singular)
स्नायुनोः (dual locative)
स्नायुषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine u-stem declension of स्नायु

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नाय्वै / स्नायवे

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नाय्वाम् / स्नायौ

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नाय्वै / स्नायवे

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुवाः/ स्नायोः

स्नाय्वाम् / स्नायौ

sa-decl-noun

Neuter u-stem declension of स्नायु

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

स्नायुभ्याम्

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀸𑀉 (siṇāu)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނާރު (nāru)

desc

Sinhalese: නහර (nahara), නහරය (naharaya)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: साव (sāv), सांव (sāuva)

→ Telugu: స్నాయువు (snāyuvu)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *snáHwar, from Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁wr̥. Compare स्नावन् (snāvan).


रोहित

róhita (romanization)
रोहितः (nominative singular)
रोहितौ (dual nominative)
रोहिता1 (dual nominative)
रोहिताः (nominative plural)
रोहितासः1 (nominative plural)
रोहित (singular vocative)
रोहितौ (dual vocative)
रोहिता1 (dual vocative)
रोहिताः (plural vocative)
रोहितासः1 (plural vocative)
रोहितम् (accusative singular)
रोहितौ (accusative dual)
रोहिता1 (accusative dual)
रोहितान् (accusative plural)
रोहितेन (instrumental singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रोहितैः (instrumental plural)
रोहितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
रोहिताय (dative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रोहितात् (ablative singular)
रोहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रोहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रोहितस्य (genitive singular)
रोहितयोः (dual genitive)
रोहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रोहिते (locative singular)
रोहितयोः (dual locative)
रोहितेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀳𑀺𑀅 (rohia)

Assamese: ৰৌ (rou)

Bengali: রুই (rui)

Bhojpuri: रोहू (rōhū)

Gujarati: રોહુ (rohu)

Hindi: रोहू (rohū), रेहू (rehū)

Marathi: रोही (rohī)

Odia: ରୋହି (rohi), ରୋଇ (roi), ରୁଇ (rui)

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਰੋਹੂ (rohū)

Shahmukhi script: رہو (rohū)

Sylheti: ꠞꠃ (rou)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hráwdʰitas (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoⁱδita), English red. Also related to लोहित (lóhita), लोह (lohá) and रुधिर (rudhira, “red”).

श्रू॒या अ॒ग्निश्चि॒त्रभा॑नु॒र्हवं॑ मे॒ विश्वा॑भिर्गी॒र्भिर॒मृतो॒ विचे॑ताः ।
श्या॒वा रथं॑ वहतो॒ रोहि॑ता वो॒तारु॒षाह॑ चक्रे॒ विभृ॑त्रः ॥
śrūyā́ agníścitrábhānurhávaṃ me víśvābhirgīrbhíramṛ́to vícetāḥ.

May Agni the resplendent hear my calling through all my songs, Immortal, keen of insight.
Dark steeds or ruddy steeds draw his chariot; carried about in different directions, he makes them red of colour.

śyāvā́ ráthaṃ vahato róhitā votā́ruṣā́ha cakre víbhṛtraḥ.

पाठीनरोहिताव् आद्यौ नियुक्तौ हव्यकव्ययोः ।
राजीवान्सिंहतुण्डाश्च सशल्काश्चैव सर्वशः ॥
pāṭhīnarohitāv ādyau niyuktau havyakavyayoḥ.

But the Pathina fish and the Rohita fish may be eaten, if used for offerings to the gods or to the deceased ancestors; (one may eat) likewise Ragivas, Simhatundas, and Sasalkas on all (occasions).


संध्या

saṃdhyā́ (romanization)
संध्या (nominative singular)
संध्ये (dual nominative)
संध्याः (nominative plural)
संध्ये (singular vocative)
संध्ये (dual vocative)
संध्याः (plural vocative)
संध्याम् (accusative singular)
संध्ये (accusative dual)
संध्याः (accusative plural)
संध्यया (instrumental singular)
संध्या1 (instrumental singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संध्याभिः (instrumental plural)
संध्यायै (dative singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
संध्याभ्यः (dative plural)
संध्यायाः (ablative singular)
संध्यायै2 (ablative singular)
संध्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संध्याभ्यः (ablative plural)
संध्यायाः (genitive singular)
संध्यायै2 (genitive singular)
संध्ययोः (dual genitive)
संध्यानाम् (genitive plural)
संध्यायाम् (locative singular)
संध्ययोः (dual locative)
संध्यासु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সাঁজ (xãz)

Bengali: সাঁঝ (śãjh)

Magahi: 𑂮𑂰𑂀𑂕 (sā̃jh)

Sylheti: ꠢꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠎꠣ (hainza)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀛𑀸 (saṃjhā)

Konkani: सांज (sāñj)

Marathi: सांज (sāñj̈)

→ Kannada: ಸಂಜೆ (sañje)

desctree

Pali: sañjhā
→ Khmer: សញ្ឈា (sɑɑsɑñchiə)
→ Malay: senja

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀛𑀸 (saṃjhā)

Hindi: साँझ (sāñjh)

Urdu: سان٘جھ (sāñjh)

Nepali: साँझ (sā̃jh)

Malayalam: സന്ധ്യ (sandhya)

Odia: ସଞ୍ଜ (sañja)

Punjabi: ਸੰਝ (sañjh)

Tamil: சந்தி (canti)

→ Bengali: সন্ধ্যা (śonddha)

→ Hindi: संध्या (sandhyā)

→ Thai: สนธยา (sǒn-tá-yaa)

desc

→ Punjabi: ਸੰਧਿਆ (sandhiā), ਸਨਧਿਆ (sandhiā)

→ Telugu: సంధ్య (sandhya)

/ˈs̪ɐn̪.d̪ʱjɑː/

Derived from the instrumental singular of संधि (saṃdhí, “conjunction, transition”), from the root संधा (saṃdhā), from सम्- (sam-) + धा (dhā).

त्रिसंध्या

three daily prayers used in the Sandhyavandanam rite

the junction of day and night; morning or evening twilight


पिशाच

piśācá (romanization)
पिशाचः (nominative singular)
पिशाचौ (dual nominative)
पिशाचा1 (dual nominative)
पिशाचाः (nominative plural)
पिशाचासः1 (nominative plural)
पिशाच (singular vocative)
पिशाचौ (dual vocative)
पिशाचा1 (dual vocative)
पिशाचाः (plural vocative)
पिशाचासः1 (plural vocative)
पिशाचम् (accusative singular)
पिशाचौ (accusative dual)
पिशाचा1 (accusative dual)
पिशाचान् (accusative plural)
पिशाचेन (instrumental singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिशाचैः (instrumental plural)
पिशाचेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पिशाचाय (dative singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिशाचेभ्यः (dative plural)
पिशाचात् (ablative singular)
पिशाचाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिशाचेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पिशाचस्य (genitive singular)
पिशाचयोः (dual genitive)
पिशाचानाम् (genitive plural)
पिशाचे (locative singular)
पिशाचयोः (dual locative)
पिशाचेषु (locative plural)

Pali: pisāca

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺𑀲𑀸𑀅 (pisāa)

→ Hindi: पिशाच (piśāc)

→ Punjabi: ਪਿਸ਼ਾਚ (piśāc)

/pi.ɕɑː.t͡ɕɐ́/

/piˈɕɑː.t͡ɕɐ/

Derived from the root पिश् (piś, “to carve, prepare meat”), because of the demons' fondness for meat. The root is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out”).

der

a fiend, ogre, demon, imp, malevolent or devilish being


निर्यास

चर्वण-निर्यास

शालनिर्यासगन्धिभिः


ओष

oṣá (romanization)
ओषः (nominative singular)
ओषौ (dual nominative)
ओषा1 (dual nominative)
ओषाः (nominative plural)
ओषासः1 (nominative plural)
ओष (singular vocative)
ओषौ (dual vocative)
ओषा1 (dual vocative)
ओषाः (plural vocative)
ओषासः1 (plural vocative)
ओषम् (accusative singular)
ओषौ (accusative dual)
ओषा1 (accusative dual)
ओषान् (accusative plural)
ओषेण (instrumental singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओषैः (instrumental plural)
ओषेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओषाय (dative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओषात् (ablative singular)
ओषाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओषेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओषस्य (genitive singular)
ओषयोः (dual genitive)
ओषाणाम् (genitive plural)
ओषे (locative singular)
ओषयोः (dual locative)
ओषेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hawṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hawšás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ews-ós, from *h₁ews- (“to burn”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εὕω (heúō), Latin ūrō.


आरोप

āropa (romanization)
आरोपः (nominative singular)
आरोपौ (dual nominative)
आरोपा1 (dual nominative)
आरोपाः (nominative plural)
आरोपासः1 (nominative plural)
आरोप (singular vocative)
आरोपौ (dual vocative)
आरोपा1 (dual vocative)
आरोपाः (plural vocative)
आरोपासः1 (plural vocative)
आरोपम् (accusative singular)
आरोपौ (accusative dual)
आरोपा1 (accusative dual)
आरोपान् (accusative plural)
आरोपेण (instrumental singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
आरोपैः (instrumental plural)
आरोपेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
आरोपाय (dative singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
आरोपेभ्यः (dative plural)
आरोपात् (ablative singular)
आरोपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
आरोपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
आरोपस्य (genitive singular)
आरोपयोः (dual genitive)
आरोपाणाम् (genitive plural)
आरोपे (locative singular)
आरोपयोः (dual locative)
आरोपेषु (locative plural)

From आ (ā́, “to, in, at”) + रुह् (ruh, “to grow, climb”, root) + -अ (-a, nominalizing suffix), more specifically from the p-causative आरोपयति (āropayati, “to raise up”).

affix

imposing (as a burden), burdening with, charging with


जीर्ण

jīrṇá (romanization)
जीर्णः (nominative singular)
जीर्णौ (dual nominative)
जीर्णा1 (dual nominative)
जीर्णाः (nominative plural)
जीर्णासः1 (nominative plural)
जीर्ण (singular vocative)
जीर्णौ (dual vocative)
जीर्णा1 (dual vocative)
जीर्णाः (plural vocative)
जीर्णासः1 (plural vocative)
जीर्णम् (accusative singular)
जीर्णौ (accusative dual)
जीर्णा1 (accusative dual)
जीर्णान् (accusative plural)
जीर्णेन (instrumental singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जीर्णैः (instrumental plural)
जीर्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जीर्णाय (dative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
जीर्णात् (ablative singular)
जीर्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जीर्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जीर्णस्य (genitive singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual genitive)
जीर्णानाम् (genitive plural)
जीर्णे (locative singular)
जीर्णयोः (dual locative)
जीर्णेषु (locative plural)

⇒ Telugu: జీర్ణించు (jīrṇiñcu)

/d͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ́/

/ˈd͡ʑiːɾ.ɳɐ/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂-nó-s, from *ǵerh₂- (“to grow old, mature”). Doublet of जूर्ण (jūrṇá).


गोरूप

gorūpá (romanization)
गोरूपम् (nominative singular)
गोरूपे (dual nominative)
गोरूपानि (nominative plural)
गोरूप (singular vocative)
गोरूपे (dual vocative)
गोरूपानि (plural vocative)
गोरूपम् (accusative singular)
गोरूपे (accusative dual)
गोरूपानि (accusative plural)
गोरूपेन (instrumental singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोरूपैः (instrumental plural)
गोरूपाय (dative singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोरूपेभ्यः (dative plural)
गोरूपात् (ablative singular)
गोरूपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोरूपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोरूपस्य (genitive singular)
गोरूपयोः (dual genitive)
गोरूपानाम् (genitive plural)
गोरूपे (locative singular)
गोरूपयोः (dual locative)
गोरूपेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">गोरूप</i>

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

गोरूपाभ्याम्

Dardic:

Kashmiri: gōrū

Arabic script: گوروٗ

Devanagari script: गोरू

Shina:

Savi: [script needed] (gorū́)

Pali: gōrūpa

Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀽𑀯 (gorūva)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: gorū, goruā

desc

Hindi: गोरू, गोरुआ

Hindi: गोरू, गोरुआ

Urdu: گورُو (gorū), گورُءَا

Urdu: گورُو (gorū), گورُءَا

Romani: guruv, gōrū, gōrwī, gōrwa, guruvni, gurumni

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: গৰু (goru, “cattle, cow”)

Bengali: গোরু (gōru, “cow, ox; cattle”), গরু (goru)

Bihari: गोरू (gorū)

Bhojpuri: गोरू (gōrū)

Odia: ଗୋରୂ (goru)

Sylheti: ꠉꠞꠥ (goru, “cow; cattle”)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Garhwali: गोरु (goru)

Kumaoni: गोरू (gorū)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: गोरु (goru)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: [script needed] (görõ)

Churahi: गोरू (gorū)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: gorū

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਰੂ

Shahmukhi script: گورُو

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Jadgali: [script needed] (goru)

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ގެރި (geri), ގޮނގެރި (goⁿgeri)

Sinhalese: ගෙරියා (geriyā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: गोर्वां (gōrvā̃, “cattle”)

Old Marathi: गुरुं (guruṃ)

Marathi: गुरू (gurū, “cattle”), गुरें (gurẽ), गोरूं (gorū̃)

/ɡoːˈɾuː.pɐ/


वाटर

vāṭara (romanization)
वाटरम् (nominative singular)
वाटरे (dual nominative)
वाटराणि (nominative plural)
वाटरा1 (nominative plural)
वाटर (singular vocative)
वाटरे (dual vocative)
वाटराणि (plural vocative)
वाटरा1 (plural vocative)
वाटरम् (accusative singular)
वाटरे (accusative dual)
वाटराणि (accusative plural)
वाटरा1 (accusative plural)
वाटरेण (instrumental singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाटरैः (instrumental plural)
वाटरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाटराय (dative singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाटरेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाटरात् (ablative singular)
वाटराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाटरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाटरस्य (genitive singular)
वाटरयोः (dual genitive)
वाटराणाम् (genitive plural)
वाटरे (locative singular)
वाटरयोः (dual locative)
वाटरेषु (locative plural)

/ˈʋɑː.ʈɐ.ɾɐ/


ध्रुव

→ English: Dhruva

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰruwás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixed, firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰru-wó-s, from *dʰer-us ~ *dʰr-éws + *-wós, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) + *-us. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua), Old Persian 𐎯𐎽𐎺 (duruva, “firm, certain”), Persian درست (dorost, “healthy”).

ध्रुववक

the unchangeable longitude of fixed stars


तट

taṭa (romanization)
तट् (root)
तटः (nominative singular)
तटौ (dual nominative)
तटा1 (dual nominative)
तटाः (nominative plural)
तटासः1 (nominative plural)
तट (singular vocative)
तटौ (dual vocative)
तटा1 (dual vocative)
तटाः (plural vocative)
तटासः1 (plural vocative)
तटम् (accusative singular)
तटौ (accusative dual)
तटा1 (accusative dual)
तटान् (accusative plural)
तटेन (instrumental singular)
तटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तटैः (instrumental plural)
तटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
तटाय (dative singular)
तटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
तटेभ्यः (dative plural)
तटात् (ablative singular)
तटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
तटस्य (genitive singular)
तटयोः (dual genitive)
तटानाम् (genitive plural)
तटे (locative singular)
तटयोः (dual locative)
तटेषु (locative plural)

Pali: taṭa, taṭī

Prakrit: 𑀢𑀟 (taḍa), 𑀢𑀟𑀻 (taḍī)

desc

Old Hindi: तड़ (taṛ, “side, party, faction”), तड़ा (taṛā, “island”)

→ Hindi: तट (taṭ)

→ Old Javanese: taṭa

Possibly borrowed from Dravidian, whence Tamil திட்டு (tiṭṭu, “hill, salt bank”) and Kannada ದಡ (daḍa, “bank, shore”). The root तट् (taṭ, “to be raised”) is probably derived from this noun.

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

a slope, declivity, sloping parts of the body, sides, a shore


भिक्षा

sa-noun

भि॒क्षा • (bhikṣā́) stem, f (root भिक्ष्)

भि॒क्षा (canonical)
bhikṣā́ (romanization)
भिक्ष् (root)
भिक्षा (nominative singular)
भिक्षे (dual nominative)
भिक्षाः (nominative plural)
भिक्षे (singular vocative)
भिक्षे (dual vocative)
भिक्षाः (plural vocative)
भिक्षाम् (accusative singular)
भिक्षे (accusative dual)
भिक्षाः (accusative plural)
भिक्षया (instrumental singular)
भिक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भिक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
भिक्षायै (dative singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भिक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
भिक्षायाः (ablative singular)
भिक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
भिक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भिक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
भिक्षायाः (genitive singular)
भिक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
भिक्षयोः (dual genitive)
भिक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
भिक्षायाम् (locative singular)
भिक्षयोः (dual locative)
भिक्षासु (locative plural)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀺𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀸 (bhikkhā) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Pali: bhikkhā
→ Khmer: ភិក្ខា (phikkhaa)
→ Thai: ภิกขา

Borrowed terms

→ Odia: ଭିକ୍ଷା (bhikṣa) (learned)

→ Lao: ພິກສາ (phik sā) (learned)

→ Tamil: பிச்சை (piccai) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-
Sanskrit भज् (bhaj)
Sanskrit भिक्ष् (bhikṣ)
Sanskrit -आ (-ā)
Sanskrit भि॒क्षा (bhikṣā́)
From the root भिक्ष् (bhikṣ) + -आ (-ā).

etymon

भि॒क्षा


सेवक

From सेव् (sev, “to remain, stay, serve or worship”).

सेवकोत्तम ― sevakottama ― The best of servants (सेवक + उत्तम (uttama))

अचिरस्थायिनी सेवकी


ऐश्वर्य

aiśvarya (romanization)
ऐश्वर्यम् (nominative singular)
ऐश्वर्ये (dual nominative)
ऐश्वर्याणि (nominative plural)
ऐश्वर्या1 (nominative plural)
ऐश्वर्य (singular vocative)
ऐश्वर्ये (dual vocative)
ऐश्वर्याणि (plural vocative)
ऐश्वर्या1 (plural vocative)
ऐश्वर्यम् (accusative singular)
ऐश्वर्ये (accusative dual)
ऐश्वर्याणि (accusative plural)
ऐश्वर्या1 (accusative plural)
ऐश्वर्येण (instrumental singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऐश्वर्यैः (instrumental plural)
ऐश्वर्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऐश्वर्याय (dative singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऐश्वर्येभ्यः (dative plural)
ऐश्वर्यात् (ablative singular)
ऐश्वर्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऐश्वर्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऐश्वर्यस्य (genitive singular)
ऐश्वर्ययोः (dual genitive)
ऐश्वर्याणाम् (genitive plural)
ऐश्वर्ये (locative singular)
ऐश्वर्ययोः (dual locative)
ऐश्वर्येषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀏𑀲𑀚𑁆𑀚 (esajja)

/ɑːjɕ.ʋɐɾ.jɐ/

/ɑjɕˈʋɐɾ.jɐ/

Vrddhi derivative of ईश्वर (īśvará) with a -य (-ya) extension.


हरस्

háras (romanization)
हरः (nominative singular)
हरसी (dual nominative)
हरांसि (nominative plural)
हरः (singular vocative)
हरसी (dual vocative)
हरांसि (plural vocative)
हरः (accusative singular)
हरसी (accusative dual)
हरांसि (accusative plural)
हरसा (instrumental singular)
हरोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरोभिः (instrumental plural)
हरसे (dative singular)
हरोभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरोभ्यः (dative plural)
हरसः (ablative singular)
हरोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरोभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरसः (genitive singular)
हरसोः (dual genitive)
हरसाम् (genitive plural)
हरसि (locative singular)
हरसोः (dual locative)
हरःसु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θέρος (théros).

प्रत्य॑ग्ने॒ हर॑सा॒ हरः॑ शृणी॒हि वि॒श्वतः॒ प्रति॑ ।
या॒तु॒धान॑स्य र॒क्षसो॒ बलं॒ वि रु॑ज वी॒र्यं॑ ॥
prátyagne hárasā háraḥ śṛṇīhí viśvátaḥ práti.
yātudhā́nasya rakṣáso bálaṃ ví ruja vīryàṃ.
Shoot forth your flame, O Agni; with your flame demolish them on every side.

Break the Yātudhāna's strength and the vigour of the Rākṣasa.


धामन्

dhā́man (romanization)
धाम (nominative singular)
धाम्नी (dual nominative)
धामनी (dual nominative)
धामानि (nominative plural)
धाम1 (nominative plural)
धामा1 (nominative plural)
धामन् (singular vocative)
धाम (singular vocative)
धाम्नी (dual vocative)
धामनी (dual vocative)
धामानि (plural vocative)
धाम1 (plural vocative)
धामा1 (plural vocative)
धाम (accusative singular)
धाम्नी (accusative dual)
धामनी (accusative dual)
धामानि (accusative plural)
धाम1 (accusative plural)
धामा1 (accusative plural)
धाम्ना (instrumental singular)
धामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धामभिः (instrumental plural)
धाम्ने (dative singular)
धामभ्याम् (dative dual)
धामभ्यः (dative plural)
धाम्नः (ablative singular)
धामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धामभ्यः (ablative plural)
धाम्नः (genitive singular)
धाम्नोः (dual genitive)
धाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
धाम्नि (locative singular)
धामनि (locative singular)
धामन्1 (locative singular)
धाम्नोः (dual locative)
धामसु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਧਾਮ (dhām)

/ˈd̪ʱɑː.mɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰáHma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáHma, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁mn̥. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (dāman), Ancient Greek θέμᾰ (thémă).


वास

vāsá (romanization)
वासस् (nominative singular)
वासौ (dual nominative)
वासा1 (dual nominative)
वासास् (nominative plural)
वासासस् (nominative plural)
वास (singular vocative)
वासौ (dual vocative)
वासा1 (dual vocative)
वासास् (plural vocative)
वासासस् (plural vocative)
वासम् (accusative singular)
वासौ (accusative dual)
वासा1 (accusative dual)
वासान् (accusative plural)
वासेन (instrumental singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वासैः (instrumental plural)
वासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वासाय (dative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वासेभ्यः (dative plural)
वासात् (ablative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वासस्य (genitive singular)
वासयोः (dual genitive)
वासानाम् (genitive plural)
वासे (locative singular)
वासयोः (dual locative)
वासेषु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਵਾਸ (vās)

Shahmukhi script: واس (vās)


वास

vāsa (romanization)
वासः (nominative singular)
वासौ (dual nominative)
वासा1 (dual nominative)
वासाः (nominative plural)
वासासः1 (nominative plural)
वास (singular vocative)
वासौ (dual vocative)
वासा1 (dual vocative)
वासाः (plural vocative)
वासासः1 (plural vocative)
वासम् (accusative singular)
वासौ (accusative dual)
वासा1 (accusative dual)
वासान् (accusative plural)
वासेन (instrumental singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वासैः (instrumental plural)
वासेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वासाय (dative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वासेभ्यः (dative plural)
वासात् (ablative singular)
वासाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वासेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वासस्य (genitive singular)
वासयोः (dual genitive)
वासानाम् (genitive plural)
वासे (locative singular)
वासयोः (dual locative)
वासेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀲 (vāsa)

Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘰𑘭 (vāsa)

Marathi: वास (vās)

Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀲 (vāsa)

Bengali: বাস (baś)

Hindi: बास (bās)

Punjabi: ਬਾਸ (bās)

→ Kannada: ವಾಸನೆ (vāsane)

→ Tamil: வாசனை (vācaṉai)

something worn on the body
garment, clothes


तक्षन्

tákṣan (romanization)
तक्षा (nominative singular)
तक्षाणौ (dual nominative)
तक्षाणा1 (dual nominative)
तक्षाणः (nominative plural)
तक्षन् (singular vocative)
तक्षाणौ (dual vocative)
तक्षाणा1 (dual vocative)
तक्षाणः (plural vocative)
तक्षाणम् (accusative singular)
तक्षाणौ (accusative dual)
तक्षाणा1 (accusative dual)
तक्ष्णः (accusative plural)
तक्ष्णा (instrumental singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
तक्षभिः (instrumental plural)
तक्ष्णे (dative singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (dative dual)
तक्षभ्यः (dative plural)
तक्ष्णः (ablative singular)
तक्षभ्याम् (ablative dual)
तक्षभ्यः (ablative plural)
तक्ष्णः (genitive singular)
तक्ष्णोः (dual genitive)
तक्ष्णाम् (genitive plural)
तक्ष्णि (locative singular)
तक्षणि (locative singular)
तक्षन्1 (locative singular)
तक्ष्णोः (dual locative)
तक्षसु (locative plural)

Hindustani:

Hindi: तखान (takhān) (rare)

Urdu: تَکَھان (takhān)

Punjabi: (intrusive r)

Gurmukhi script: ਤਰਖਾਣ (tarkhāṇ)

Shahmukhi script: تَرکھاݨ (tarkhāṇ)

→ Tamil: தச்சன் (taccaṉ)

/ˈt̪ɐk.ʂɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *táṭṣā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *táćšā (“carpenter, woodcutter”), from Proto-Indo-European *tétḱō (“idem”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “carpenter”), Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬥 (tašan).

cog

नानानं वा उ नो धियो वि व्रतानि जनानाम्।
तक्षा रिष्टं रुतं भिषग्ब्रह्मा सुन्वन्तमिच्छतीन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव॥
nānānaṃ vā u no dhiyo vi vratāni janānām.

WE all have various thoughts and plans, and diverse are the ways of men.
The Brahman seeks the worshipper, wright seeks the cracked, and leech the maimed. Flow, Indu, flow for Indra's sake.

takṣā riṣṭaṃ rutaṃ bhiṣagbrahmā sunvantamicchatīndrāyendo pari srava.


पायस

pāyasa (romanization)
पायसम् (nominative singular)
पायसे (dual nominative)
पायसानि (nominative plural)
पायसा1 (nominative plural)
पायस (singular vocative)
पायसे (dual vocative)
पायसानि (plural vocative)
पायसा1 (plural vocative)
पायसम् (accusative singular)
पायसे (accusative dual)
पायसानि (accusative plural)
पायसा1 (accusative plural)
पायसेन (instrumental singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पायसैः (instrumental plural)
पायसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पायसाय (dative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (dative plural)
पायसात् (ablative singular)
पायसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पायसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पायसस्य (genitive singular)
पायसयोः (dual genitive)
पायसानाम् (genitive plural)
पायसे (locative singular)
पायसयोः (dual locative)
पायसेषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: පයස් (payas)

Khasa Prakrit:

Garhwali: पाइस (pāis)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀬𑀲 (pāyasa)

Assamese: পাহ (pah)

⇒ Assamese: পাহ-ভাত (pah-bhat)

Pali: pāyasa, pāyāsa

→ Assamese: পায়স (payox) (learned)

desc

→ Bengali: পায়স (paẏoś), পায়েস (paẏes) (learned)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: पायस (pāyas) (learned)

Urdu: پایس (pāyas) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಪಾಯಸ (pāyasa) (learned)

→ Konkani: पायस (pāyas) (learned)

→ Malayalam: പായസം (pāyasaṁ) (learned)

→ Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠄꠡ (faeś) (learned) (probably through Bengali)

→ Tamil: பாயசம் (pāyacam) (learned)

→ Telugu: పాయసం (pāyasaṁ) (learned)

Vṛddhi derivative of पयस् (páyas, “milk”).

पायसपिण्डारक

a monk or mendicant surviving on milk-derived products such as boiled rice

मां केवालानां पायसां प्रसूतिम प्रसन्नां कामदुघां अवेहि न

As a mere (cow) producer or milk you ought to know me not, but as a granter of any desired thing if (I am) being pleased

māṃ kevālānāṃ pāyasāṃ prasūtima prasannāṃ kāmadughāṃ avehi na

food prepared with milk, especially boiled rice

Pinus Longifolia
Pinus Longifolia#Translingual


नेतृत्व

/n̪eːˈt̪r̩t̪.ʋɐ/


कोकिल

kokilá (romanization)
कोकिलः (nominative singular)
कोकिलौ (dual nominative)
कोकिला1 (dual nominative)
कोकिलाः (nominative plural)
कोकिलासः1 (nominative plural)
कोकिल (singular vocative)
कोकिलौ (dual vocative)
कोकिला1 (dual vocative)
कोकिलाः (plural vocative)
कोकिलासः1 (plural vocative)
कोकिलम् (accusative singular)
कोकिलौ (accusative dual)
कोकिला1 (accusative dual)
कोकिलान् (accusative plural)
कोकिलेन (instrumental singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोकिलैः (instrumental plural)
कोकिलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोकिलाय (dative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोकिलात् (ablative singular)
कोकिलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोकिलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोकिलस्य (genitive singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual genitive)
कोकिलानाम् (genitive plural)
कोकिले (locative singular)
कोकिलयोः (dual locative)
कोकिलेषु (locative plural)

Pali: kōkila

Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮 (koila), 𑀓𑁄𑀇𑀮𑀸 (koilā)

Central:

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Old Awadhi: कोइल (koila)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: koyal

Hindi: कोयल (koyal)

Urdu: کویل (koyal)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: কুলি (kuli)

Middle Bengali: কুইল (kuil)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: कोइलि (kōili)

Maithili: कोइल (kōil), कोइलि (kōilɨ)

Odia: କୋଇଲି (koili)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: कोइलि (koili)

Western Pahari:

Bhadrawahi: कोइल (koil)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: koil

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਇਲ (koil)

Shahmukhi script: کویل (koil)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi: koila

Arabic script: ڪوءِلَ

Devanagari script: कोइल

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

desc

Dhivehi: ކޮވެލި (koveli), ކުނބޯލި (kuᵐbōli), ދިކޮއި (dikoi), ގޮވިލި (govili)

Sinhalese: කොවුලා (kowulā)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Marathi: कोईळ (koīḷ), कोईल (koīl), कोयाळ (koyāḷ)

Western:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: કોયલ (koyal), કોયલડી (koyalḍī)

→ Bengali: কোকিল (kōkil)

→ Santali: ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ (kuyli) (via some Indo-Aryan descendant)

→ Kannada: ಕೋಗಿಲೆ (kōgile)

→ Malayalam: കോകിലം (kōkilaṁ)

→ Tocharian B: kokīl (learned)

Of onomatopoeic origin, mimicking the male bird's mating cry. Compare Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Polish kukułka.


आयतन

Hindi: आयतन (āytan)

Pali: आयतन (āyatana)

→ Tocharian B: āyataṃ

→ Tocharian B: āraṇyāyataṃ

आ (ā́-, “in”, preverb) + यत् (yat, “to be/put in place”, root) + -अन (-ana-, suffix denoting location), compare the verb आयतति (āyatati, “to enter into”).

compound

house, home, seat, support, or resting place

the five senses and the मनस् (mánas-, “mind”) and the objects they perceive


जव

jáva (romanization)
जवः (nominative singular)
जवौ (dual nominative)
जवा1 (dual nominative)
जवाः (nominative plural)
जवासः1 (nominative plural)
जव (singular vocative)
जवौ (dual vocative)
जवा1 (dual vocative)
जवाः (plural vocative)
जवासः1 (plural vocative)
जवम् (accusative singular)
जवौ (accusative dual)
जवा1 (accusative dual)
जवान् (accusative plural)
जवेन (instrumental singular)
जवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जवैः (instrumental plural)
जवेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जवाय (dative singular)
जवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जवेभ्यः (dative plural)
जवात् (ablative singular)
जवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जवस्य (genitive singular)
जवयोः (dual genitive)
जवानाम् (genitive plural)
जवे (locative singular)
जवयोः (dual locative)
जवेषु (locative plural)

Tamil: சவம் (cavam)

Pali: java

हृदा तष्टेषु मनसो जवेषु

impulse of the mind (Vedic, only in the plural)


संसिद्धि

[s̪ɐ̃ˈs̪id̪̚.d̪ʱi]

From सम्- (sam-) + सिद्धि (siddhi, “success, perfection”).

pre

स्वे स्वे कर्मण्यभिरतः संसिद्धिं लभते नरः

when each one is devoted to his own deed acquires man perfection

sve sve karmaṇyabhirataḥ saṃsiddhiṃ labhate naraḥ


फलक

phalaka (romanization)
फलकम् (nominative singular)
फलके (dual nominative)
फलकानि (nominative plural)
फलका1 (nominative plural)
फलक (singular vocative)
फलके (dual vocative)
फलकानि (plural vocative)
फलका1 (plural vocative)
फलकम् (accusative singular)
फलके (accusative dual)
फलकानि (accusative plural)
फलका1 (accusative plural)
फलकेन (instrumental singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फलकैः (instrumental plural)
फलकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फलकाय (dative singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फलकेभ्यः (dative plural)
फलकात् (ablative singular)
फलकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फलकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फलकस्य (genitive singular)
फलकयोः (dual genitive)
फलकानाम् (genitive plural)
फलके (locative singular)
फलकयोः (dual locative)
फलकेषु (locative plural)

Bengali: ফলক (pholok)

→ Hindi: फलक (phalak)

Pali: phalaka

the stand on which a monk keeps his turban


एधस्

édhas (romanization)
एधः (nominative singular)
एधसी (dual nominative)
एधांसि (nominative plural)
एधः (singular vocative)
एधसी (dual vocative)
एधांसि (plural vocative)
एधः (accusative singular)
एधसी (accusative dual)
एधांसि (accusative plural)
एधसा (instrumental singular)
एधोभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एधोभिः (instrumental plural)
एधसे (dative singular)
एधोभ्याम् (dative dual)
एधोभ्यः (dative plural)
एधसः (ablative singular)
एधोभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एधोभ्यः (ablative plural)
एधसः (genitive singular)
एधसोः (dual genitive)
एधसाम् (genitive plural)
एधसि (locative singular)
एधसोः (dual locative)
एधःसु (locative plural)

/ˈeː.d̪ʱɐs̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háydʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-os, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite, fire”). Cognate with Ancient Greek αἶθος (aîthos).

एधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुते

Combustibles are by fires alight turned into ashes


दूर्वा

dū́rvā (romanization)
दूर्वा (nominative singular)
दूर्वे (dual nominative)
दूर्वाः (nominative plural)
दूर्वे (singular vocative)
दूर्वे (dual vocative)
दूर्वाः (plural vocative)
दूर्वाम् (accusative singular)
दूर्वे (accusative dual)
दूर्वाः (accusative plural)
दूर्वया (instrumental singular)
दूर्वा1 (instrumental singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दूर्वाभिः (instrumental plural)
दूर्वायै (dative singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दूर्वाभ्यः (dative plural)
दूर्वायाः (ablative singular)
दूर्वायै2 (ablative singular)
दूर्वाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दूर्वाभ्यः (ablative plural)
दूर्वायाः (genitive singular)
दूर्वायै2 (genitive singular)
दूर्वयोः (dual genitive)
दूर्वाणाम् (genitive plural)
दूर्वायाम् (locative singular)
दूर्वयोः (dual locative)
दूर्वासु (locative plural)

Punjabi: ਦੁੱਭ (dubbha)

Bengali: দুবলো (dubolō), দূর্বা (durba)

→ Kannada: ದೂರ್ವೆ (dūrve)

/ˈd̪uːɾ.ʋɑː/

From Proto-Indo-European *dŕ̥H-weh₂ (“grass”). Cognate with Welsh drewg (“darnel”), Lithuanian dirvà (“field”), Breton draok (“darnel”), English tare. Compare also Latin dravoca (“darnel, cockle”), a Gaulish borrowing.

आयने ते परायणे दूर्वा रोहन्तु पुष्पिणीः ।
āyane te parāyaṇe dūrvā rohantu puṣpiṇīḥ.

On thy way hitherward and hence let flowery Durva grass spring up

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon#Translingual

panicgrass (Panicum spp.); Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon); bentgrass (Agrostis spp.)


एला

elā (romanization)
एला (nominative singular)
एले (dual nominative)
एलाः (nominative plural)
एले (singular vocative)
एले (dual vocative)
एलाः (plural vocative)
एलाम् (accusative singular)
एले (accusative dual)
एलाः (accusative plural)
एलया (instrumental singular)
एलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
एलाभिः (instrumental plural)
एलायै (dative singular)
एलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
एलाभ्यः (dative plural)
एलायाः (ablative singular)
एलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
एलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
एलायाः (genitive singular)
एलयोः (dual genitive)
एलानाम् (genitive plural)
एलायाम् (locative singular)
एलयोः (dual locative)
एलासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of एला

Konkani: एळु (ailu), येळु (yelu)

Kashmiri: ٲل (ạ̄l), ॴल (ạ̄l)

Bengali: এলা (ela)

Gujarati: લીલા (līlā)

Old Marathi: एळा (eḷā), वेळा (veḷā)

Marathi: एळा (eḷā), वेळा (veḷā)

Newar: एला (elā)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠧᠯᠡ (ēle)

→ Pashto: اېل (el)

→ Persian: هل (hel)

→ Tibetan: ཨེ་ལ (e la)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *ēla (“cardamom”). Compare also Tamil ஏலம் (ēlam), Malayalam ഏലം (ēlaṁ) and Telugu ఏల (ēla).


जङ्घा

जङ्घा ॑ (canonical)
jáṅghā (romanization)
जंह् (root)
जङ्घा (nominative singular)
जङ्घे (dual nominative)
जङ्घाः (nominative plural)
जङ्घे (singular vocative)
जङ्घे (dual vocative)
जङ्घाः (plural vocative)
जङ्घाम् (accusative singular)
जङ्घे (accusative dual)
जङ्घाः (accusative plural)
जङ्घया (instrumental singular)
जङ्घा1 (instrumental singular)
जङ्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जङ्घाभिः (instrumental plural)
जङ्घायै (dative singular)
जङ्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जङ्घाभ्यः (dative plural)
जङ्घायाः (ablative singular)
जङ्घायै2 (ablative singular)
जङ्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जङ्घाभ्यः (ablative plural)
जङ्घायाः (genitive singular)
जङ्घायै2 (genitive singular)
जङ्घयोः (dual genitive)
जङ्घानाम् (genitive plural)
जङ्घायाम् (locative singular)
जङ्घयोः (dual locative)
जङ्घासु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: زَنٛگ (zang)

Torwali: جان (ǰāṅ)

Pali: jaṅghā

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸 (jaṃghā) (see there for further descendants)

/d͡ʑɐ́ŋ.ɡʱɑː/

/ˈd͡ʑɐŋ.ɡʱɑː/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas
Sanskrit जङ्घा॑ (jáṅghā)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-o-s. Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬀 (zaṇga), Middle Persian [script needed] (zang).

etymon

जङ्घा॑

inh+

च॒रित्रं॒ हि वेरि॒वाच्छे॑दि प॒र्णमा॒जा खे॒लस्य॒ परि॑तक्म्यायाम् ।
स॒द्यो जङ्घा॒म्आय॑सीं वि॒श्पला॑यै॒ धने॑ हि॒ते सर्त॑वे॒ प्रत्य॑धत्तम् ॥
carítraṃ hí vérivā́cchedi parṇámājā́ khelásya páritakmyāyām.

When in the time of night, in Khela's battle, a leg was severed like a wild bird's pinion,
Straight ye gave Vispala a leg of iron that she might move what time the conflict opened.

sadyó jáṅghāmā́yasīṃ viśpálāyai dháne hité sártave prátyadhattam.

shank (part of the leg between the knee and ankle)


संकल्प

saṃkalpá (romanization)
संकल्पः (nominative singular)
संकल्पौ (dual nominative)
संकल्पा1 (dual nominative)
संकल्पाः (nominative plural)
संकल्पासः1 (nominative plural)
संकल्प (singular vocative)
संकल्पौ (dual vocative)
संकल्पा1 (dual vocative)
संकल्पाः (plural vocative)
संकल्पासः1 (plural vocative)
संकल्पम् (accusative singular)
संकल्पौ (accusative dual)
संकल्पा1 (accusative dual)
संकल्पान् (accusative plural)
संकल्पेन (instrumental singular)
संकल्पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संकल्पैः (instrumental plural)
संकल्पेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
संकल्पाय (dative singular)
संकल्पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संकल्पेभ्यः (dative plural)
संकल्पात् (ablative singular)
संकल्पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संकल्पेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संकल्पस्य (genitive singular)
संकल्पयोः (dual genitive)
संकल्पानाम् (genitive plural)
संकल्पे (locative singular)
संकल्पयोः (dual locative)
संकल्पेषु (locative plural)

/s̪ɐŋˈkɐl̪.pɐ/

conception or idea or notion formed in the mind or heart, will, volition, desire, purpose, definite intention or determination or decision or wish for, sentiment, conviction, persuasion

a solemn vow or determination to perform any ritual observance, declaration of purpose


अतिशयोक्ति

átiśayokti (romanization)
अतिशयोक्तिः (nominative singular)
अतिशयोक्ती (dual nominative)
अतिशयोक्तयः (nominative plural)
अतिशयोक्ते (singular vocative)
अतिशयोक्ती (dual vocative)
अतिशयोक्तयः (plural vocative)
अतिशयोक्तिम् (accusative singular)
अतिशयोक्ती (accusative dual)
अतिशयोक्तीन् (accusative plural)
अतिशयोक्तिना (instrumental singular)
अतिशयोक्त्या1 (instrumental singular)
अतिशयोक्तिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अतिशयोक्तिभिः (instrumental plural)
अतिशयोक्तये (dative singular)
अतिशयोक्तिभ्याम् (dative dual)
अतिशयोक्तिभ्यः (dative plural)
अतिशयोक्तेः (ablative singular)
अतिशयोक्तिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अतिशयोक्तिभ्यः (ablative plural)
अतिशयोक्तेः (genitive singular)
अतिशयोक्त्योः (dual genitive)
अतिशयोक्तीनाम् (genitive plural)
अतिशयोक्तौ (locative singular)
अतिशयोक्ता1 (locative singular)
अतिशयोक्त्योः (dual locative)
अतिशयोक्तिषु (locative plural)

Compound of अति (áti, “over-”) + शयोक्ति (śayokti, “exaggeration”).


तत्क्षण

→ Kannada: ತತ್ಕ್ಷಣ (tatkṣaṇa), ತಕ್ಷಣ (takṣaṇa)

/ˈt̪ɐt̪.kʂɐ.ɳɐ/

[ˈt̪ɐt̪̚.kʂɐ.ɳɐ]

तद् (tad, “that”) + क्षण (kṣaṇa, “moment”).


कोट

koṭa (romanization)
कोटः (nominative singular)
कोटौ (dual nominative)
कोटा1 (dual nominative)
कोटाः (nominative plural)
कोटासः1 (nominative plural)
कोट (singular vocative)
कोटौ (dual vocative)
कोटा1 (dual vocative)
कोटाः (plural vocative)
कोटासः1 (plural vocative)
कोटम् (accusative singular)
कोटौ (accusative dual)
कोटा1 (accusative dual)
कोटान् (accusative plural)
कोटेन (instrumental singular)
कोटाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कोटैः (instrumental plural)
कोटेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कोटाय (dative singular)
कोटाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कोटेभ्यः (dative plural)
कोटात् (ablative singular)
कोटाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कोटेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कोटस्य (genitive singular)
कोटयोः (dual genitive)
कोटानाम् (genitive plural)
कोटे (locative singular)
कोटयोः (dual locative)
कोटेषु (locative plural)

Gujarati: કોડિ (koḍi)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀓𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝 (koṭṭa)

Hindi: कोट (koṭ)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੋਟ (koṭ)

Shahmukhi script: کوٹ (koṭ)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kōṭṭay (“wall”). Compare Tamil கோட்டை (kōṭṭai, “fort, castle, stronghold”).


अन्त्र

ántra (romanization)
अन्त्रम् (nominative singular)
अन्त्रे (dual nominative)
अन्त्राणि (nominative plural)
अन्त्रा1 (nominative plural)
अन्त्र (singular vocative)
अन्त्रे (dual vocative)
अन्त्राणि (plural vocative)
अन्त्रा1 (plural vocative)
अन्त्रम् (accusative singular)
अन्त्रे (accusative dual)
अन्त्राणि (accusative plural)
अन्त्रा1 (accusative plural)
अन्त्रेण (instrumental singular)
अन्त्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अन्त्रैः (instrumental plural)
अन्त्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अन्त्राय (dative singular)
अन्त्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
अन्त्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
अन्त्रात् (ablative singular)
अन्त्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अन्त्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अन्त्रस्य (genitive singular)
अन्त्रयोः (dual genitive)
अन्त्राणाम् (genitive plural)
अन्त्रे (locative singular)
अन्त्रयोः (dual locative)
अन्त्रेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit:

desctree

Early Assamese: আন্ত (anto)
Assamese: আঁত (ãt)

Konkani: आंत (ānta)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਆਂਦਰਾਂ (āndarā̃)

⇒ Vaghri: આંદરા (ā̃darā)

→ Bengali: অন্ত্র (ontro)

→ Hindi: अंत्र (antra)

Pali: anta

desc

Khmer: អន្តៈ (ʼɑɑʼɑntaʼ)

Khmer: អន្តៈ (ʼɑɑʼɑntaʼ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hántram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hántram, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éntrom (“guts, entrails”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron), Russian я́тро (játro, “testicle, liver”), Serbo-Croatian је̏тра.


जनपद

janapadá (romanization)
जनपदः (nominative singular)
जनपदौ (dual nominative)
जनपदा1 (dual nominative)
जनपदाः (nominative plural)
जनपदासः1 (nominative plural)
जनपद (singular vocative)
जनपदौ (dual vocative)
जनपदा1 (dual vocative)
जनपदाः (plural vocative)
जनपदासः1 (plural vocative)
जनपदम् (accusative singular)
जनपदौ (accusative dual)
जनपदा1 (accusative dual)
जनपदान् (accusative plural)
जनपदेन (instrumental singular)
जनपदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जनपदैः (instrumental plural)
जनपदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जनपदाय (dative singular)
जनपदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जनपदेभ्यः (dative plural)
जनपदात् (ablative singular)
जनपदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जनपदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जनपदस्य (genitive singular)
जनपदयोः (dual genitive)
जनपदानाम् (genitive plural)
जनपदे (locative singular)
जनपदयोः (dual locative)
जनपदेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd͡ʑɐ.n̪ɐ.pɐ.d̪ɐ/

Compound of जन (jána, “people”) + पद (padá, “foot”), literally “foothold of the people”.

com+

Janapadas, a number of Kingdoms and Republics, extant from c. 15th to 6th Century BCE.

a community, nation, people (as opposed to the sovereign)


भर्मन्

bhárman (romanization)
भृ (root)
भर्म (nominative singular)
भर्मणी (dual nominative)
भर्माणि (nominative plural)
भर्म1 (nominative plural)
भर्मा1 (nominative plural)
भर्मन् (singular vocative)
भर्म (singular vocative)
भर्मणी (dual vocative)
भर्माणि (plural vocative)
भर्म1 (plural vocative)
भर्मा1 (plural vocative)
भर्म (accusative singular)
भर्मणी (accusative dual)
भर्माणि (accusative plural)
भर्म1 (accusative plural)
भर्मा1 (accusative plural)
भर्मणा (instrumental singular)
भर्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भर्मभिः (instrumental plural)
भर्मणे (dative singular)
भर्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
भर्मभ्यः (dative plural)
भर्मणः (ablative singular)
भर्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भर्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
भर्मणः (genitive singular)
भर्मणोः (dual genitive)
भर्मणाम् (genitive plural)
भर्मणि (locative singular)
भर्मन्1 (locative singular)
भर्मणोः (dual locative)
भर्मसु (locative plural)

/ˈbʱɐɾ.mɐn̪/

भृ (bhṛ, “to support, maintain”) + -मन् (-man).
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰárma, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérmn̥. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bèrmę.


अनु

ánu (romanization)
अनुः (nominative singular)
अनू (dual nominative)
अनवः (nominative plural)
अनो (singular vocative)
अनू (dual vocative)
अनवः (plural vocative)
अनुम् (accusative singular)
अनू (accusative dual)
अनून् (accusative plural)
अनुना (instrumental singular)
अन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनुभिः (instrumental plural)
अनवे (dative singular)
अन्वे1 (dative singular)
अनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनुभ्यः (dative plural)
अनोः (ablative singular)
अन्वः1 (ablative singular)
अनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनोः (genitive singular)
अन्वः1 (genitive singular)
अन्वोः (dual genitive)
अनूनाम् (genitive plural)
अनौ (locative singular)
अन्वोः (dual locative)
अनुषु (locative plural)

Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately Proto-Dravidian *āṉu, *āṇu (“man”).


शर्कर

śarkara (romanization)
शर्करः (nominative singular)
शर्करौ (dual nominative)
शर्कराः (nominative plural)
शर्कर (singular vocative)
शर्करौ (dual vocative)
शर्कराः (plural vocative)
शर्करम् (accusative singular)
शर्करौ (accusative dual)
शर्करान् (accusative plural)
शर्करेन (instrumental singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शर्करैः (instrumental plural)
शर्कराय (dative singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (dative dual)
शर्करेभ्यः (dative plural)
शर्करात् (ablative singular)
शर्कराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शर्करेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शर्करस्य (genitive singular)
शर्करयोः (dual genitive)
शर्करानाम् (genitive plural)
शर्करे (locative singular)
शर्करयोः (dual locative)
शर्करेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of शर्कर

शर्कराभ्याम्

शर्कराभ्याम्

शर्कराभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

शर्कराभ्याम्

शर्कराभ्याम्

शर्कराभ्याम्

/ˈɕɐɾ.kɐ.ɾɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂.

शर्करा शर्करा#Hindi

ground or candied sugar (same as शर्करा (śarkarā))


नारिकेल

nārikela (romanization)
नारिकेलः (nominative singular)
नारिकेलौ (dual nominative)
नारिकेला1 (dual nominative)
नारिकेलाः (nominative plural)
नारिकेलासः1 (nominative plural)
नारिकेल (singular vocative)
नारिकेलौ (dual vocative)
नारिकेला1 (dual vocative)
नारिकेलाः (plural vocative)
नारिकेलासः1 (plural vocative)
नारिकेलम् (accusative singular)
नारिकेलौ (accusative dual)
नारिकेला1 (accusative dual)
नारिकेलान् (accusative plural)
नारिकेलेन (instrumental singular)
नारिकेलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारिकेलैः (instrumental plural)
नारिकेलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नारिकेलाय (dative singular)
नारिकेलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारिकेलेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारिकेलात् (ablative singular)
नारिकेलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारिकेलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारिकेलस्य (genitive singular)
नारिकेलयोः (dual genitive)
नारिकेलानाम् (genitive plural)
नारिकेले (locative singular)
नारिकेलयोः (dual locative)
नारिकेलेषु (locative plural)

Maharastri Prakrit:

desc

Old Marathi: नारिएळ (nārieḷa), नारियळ (nāriyaḷa), नारियेळ (nāriyeḷa), नारीएळ (nārīeḷa), नार्यळ (nāryaḷa), नार्येळ (nāryeḷa)

Marathi: नारळ (nāraḷ)

Pali: nāḷikēra

→ Khmer: នាឡិកា (niəlekaa)

→ Thai: นาฬิกา (naa-lí-gaa, “clock”)

→ Lao: ນາລິກາ (nā li kā)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀏𑀮 (ṇāriela)

Gujarati: નારિયળ (nāriyaḷ) નાળિયેર (nāḷiyer)

Hindustani:

Hindi: नारियल (nāriyal)

Urdu: نَارِیَل (nāriyal)

Nepali: नरिवल (nariwal)

Punjabi: ਨਾਰੀਅਲ (nārīala)

Borrowings

→ Bengali: নারকেল (narkel) (semi-learned)

→ Early Assamese: নাৰিকল (narikolo) (learned)

Assamese: নাৰিকল (narikol)

→ Telugu: నారికేళము (nārikēḷamu) (learned)

→ Kannada: ನಾರಿಕೇಳ (nārikēḷa) (learned)

→ Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠁꠇꠟ (naikol) (learned)

→ Middle Persian: nʾlgyl (anārgēl)

desctree

Classical Persian: نَارْگیل (nārgēl)
→ Arabic: نَارْجِيل (nārjīl), نَرْجِيل (narjīl)
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارجیل (narcil), نارچیل (narçil)
→ Northern Kurdish: nargîl
→ Ottoman Turkish: نارگیل (nargil)

→ Classical Syriac: ܢܪܓܝܠ (nargil)

Ultimately from a Dravidian language. Compare Malayalam നാളികേരം (nāḷikēraṁ, “coconut”), Tamil நாரி (nāri, “fibre”) and Tamil கெளி (keḷi, “coconut palm”).


गोष्ठ

goṣṭhá (romanization)
गोष्ठः (nominative singular)
गोष्ठौ (dual nominative)
गोष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
गोष्ठाः (nominative plural)
गोष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
गोष्ठ (singular vocative)
गोष्ठौ (dual vocative)
गोष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
गोष्ठाः (plural vocative)
गोष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
गोष्ठम् (accusative singular)
गोष्ठौ (accusative dual)
गोष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
गोष्ठान् (accusative plural)
गोष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
गोष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गोष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
गोष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
गोष्ठाय (dative singular)
गोष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गोष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
गोष्ठात् (ablative singular)
गोष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गोष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गोष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
गोष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
गोष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
गोष्ठे (locative singular)
गोष्ठयोः (dual locative)
गोष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kalasha: goṣṭ

Pali: goṭṭha

Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (gŏṭṭha)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: গোঠ (gōṭh)

Bhojpuri: गोठ (gōṭh)

Odia: ଗୋଠ (goṭha), ଗୁଠ (guṭha)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Kumaoni: गोठ (goṭh)

Nepali: गोठ (goṭh)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Sindhi: g̠oṭhu

Arabic script: ڳوٺُ

Devanagari script: ॻोठु

Southern:

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (goṭṭha), 𑀕𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (guṭṭha)
Konkani: goṭo
Devanagari script: गोटो
Kannada script: ಗೊಟೊ
Latin script: gotto
Marathi: गोठा (goṭhā)

Western:

Gujarati: ગોઠો (goṭho), ગોઠા (goṭhā)

→ South Dravidian:

Old Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಗೆ (koṭṭage)
Kannada: ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ (koṭṭige)
→ Konkani: कोड्के (koḍke)

desc

Tamil: கொட்டகை (koṭṭakai), கொட்டகம் (koṭṭakam)

Punjabic:

Punjabi: gohth

Gurmukhi script: ਗੋਹਥ

Shahmukhi script: گوہتھ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-
Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha)
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷow-sth₂-ó-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”) + *steh₂- (“to stand”). By surface analysis, गो (go) + स्थ (stha). Cognate with Celtiberian boustom (“cow-house”).

surf

आ गावो अग्मन्नुत भद्रमक्रन्त्सीदन्तु गोष्ठे रणयन्त्वस्मे ।

The cows have come and brought good fortune: let them rest in the cow-pen and be happy near us.

ā gāvo agmannuta bhadramakrantsīdantu goṣṭhe raṇayantvasme.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata


दहन

dahana (romanization)
दहनम् (nominative singular)
दहने (dual nominative)
दहनानि (nominative plural)
दहना1 (nominative plural)
दहन (singular vocative)
दहने (dual vocative)
दहनानि (plural vocative)
दहना1 (plural vocative)
दहनम् (accusative singular)
दहने (accusative dual)
दहनानि (accusative plural)
दहना1 (accusative plural)
दहनेन (instrumental singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दहनैः (instrumental plural)
दहनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दहनाय (dative singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दहनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दहनात् (ablative singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दहनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दहनस्य (genitive singular)
दहनयोः (dual genitive)
दहनानाम् (genitive plural)
दहने (locative singular)
दहनयोः (dual locative)
दहनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ɐ.ɦɐ.n̪ɐ/

From दह् (dah, “to burn”, root) + -अन (-ana).


दहन

dahana (romanization)
दहनः (nominative singular)
दहनौ (dual nominative)
दहना1 (dual nominative)
दहनाः (nominative plural)
दहनासः1 (nominative plural)
दहन (singular vocative)
दहनौ (dual vocative)
दहना1 (dual vocative)
दहनाः (plural vocative)
दहनासः1 (plural vocative)
दहनम् (accusative singular)
दहनौ (accusative dual)
दहना1 (accusative dual)
दहनान् (accusative plural)
दहनेन (instrumental singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दहनैः (instrumental plural)
दहनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दहनाय (dative singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दहनेभ्यः (dative plural)
दहनात् (ablative singular)
दहनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दहनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दहनस्य (genitive singular)
दहनयोः (dual genitive)
दहनानाम् (genitive plural)
दहने (locative singular)
दहनयोः (dual locative)
दहनेषु (locative plural)

/ˈd̪ɐ.ɦɐ.n̪ɐ/

Svāhākāra स्वाहाकार

one of the 5 forms of fire in the Svāhākāra


अनुज

anuja (romanization)
अनुजः (nominative singular)
अनुजौ (dual nominative)
अनुजा1 (dual nominative)
अनुजाः (nominative plural)
अनुजासः1 (nominative plural)
अनुज (singular vocative)
अनुजौ (dual vocative)
अनुजा1 (dual vocative)
अनुजाः (plural vocative)
अनुजासः1 (plural vocative)
अनुजम् (accusative singular)
अनुजौ (accusative dual)
अनुजा1 (accusative dual)
अनुजान् (accusative plural)
अनुजेन (instrumental singular)
अनुजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अनुजैः (instrumental plural)
अनुजेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अनुजाय (dative singular)
अनुजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अनुजेभ्यः (dative plural)
अनुजात् (ablative singular)
अनुजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अनुजेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अनुजस्य (genitive singular)
अनुजयोः (dual genitive)
अनुजानाम् (genitive plural)
अनुजे (locative singular)
अनुजयोः (dual locative)
अनुजेषु (locative plural)


मेधा

medhā́ (romanization)
मेधा (nominative singular)
मेधे (dual nominative)
मेधाः (nominative plural)
मेधे (singular vocative)
मेधे (dual vocative)
मेधाः (plural vocative)
मेधाम् (accusative singular)
मेधे (accusative dual)
मेधाः (accusative plural)
मेधया (instrumental singular)
मेधा1 (instrumental singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मेधाभिः (instrumental plural)
मेधायै (dative singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मेधाभ्यः (dative plural)
मेधायाः (ablative singular)
मेधायै2 (ablative singular)
मेधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मेधाभ्यः (ablative plural)
मेधायाः (genitive singular)
मेधायै2 (genitive singular)
मेधयोः (dual genitive)
मेधानाम् (genitive plural)
मेधायाम् (locative singular)
मेधयोः (dual locative)
मेधासु (locative plural)

Pali: medhā

→ Tamil: மேதை (mētai)

/ˈmeː.d̪ʱɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mazdʰáH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mazdʰáH, from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥s-dʰh₁-éh₂, from *men(s)dʰh₁- (“to pay attention, wisdom”), from *men- (“mind”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (mazdā), Old Persian [script needed] (mazdā), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “to learn”).


स्तुति

stutí (romanization)
स्तुतिः (nominative singular)
स्तुती (dual nominative)
स्तुतयः (nominative plural)
स्तुते (singular vocative)
स्तुती (dual vocative)
स्तुतयः (plural vocative)
स्तुतिम् (accusative singular)
स्तुती (accusative dual)
स्तुतीः (accusative plural)
स्तुत्या (instrumental singular)
स्तुती1 (instrumental singular)
स्तुतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्तुतिभिः (instrumental plural)
स्तुतये (dative singular)
स्तुत्यै2 (dative singular)
स्तुती1 (dative singular)
स्तुतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्तुतिभ्यः (dative plural)
स्तुतेः (ablative singular)
स्तुत्याः2 (ablative singular)
स्तुत्यै3 (ablative singular)
स्तुतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्तुतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्तुतेः (genitive singular)
स्तुत्याः2 (genitive singular)
स्तुत्यै3 (genitive singular)
स्तुत्योः (dual genitive)
स्तुतीनाम् (genitive plural)
स्तुतौ (locative singular)
स्तुत्याम्2 (locative singular)
स्तुता1 (locative singular)
स्तुत्योः (dual locative)
स्तुतिषु (locative plural)

Gandhari: 𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨂𐨡𐨁 (studi)

Pali: thuti

Prakrit:

Maharastri Prakrit: थुइ (thui)

Sauraseni Prakrit: थुदि (thudi)

→ Hindi: स्तुति (stuti)

→ Khmer: ស្តុតិ (stoteʼ)

→ Malayalam: സ്തുതി (stuti)

→ Marathi: स्तुती (stutī)

→ Telugu: స్తుతి (stuti)

From the root स्तु (stu, “to laud, praise”) + -ति (-ti).

sa-root

आ त्व१॒॑द्य स॒धस्तु॑तिं वा॒वातु॒: सख्यु॒रा ग॑हि।
उप॑स्तुतिर्म॒घोनां॒ प्र त्वा॑व॒त्वधा॑ ते वश्मि सुष्टु॒तिम्॥
ā́ tvàdyá sadhástutiṃ vāvā́tu: sákhyurā́ gahi.

Come now onto the common praise of you and your faithful friend.
So may our wealthy nobles' praise give joy to you. Fain would I sing your eulogy.

úpastutirmaghónāṃ prá tvāvatvádhā te vaśmi suṣṭutím.

praise, eulogy, panegyric, commendation, adulation


वाद्य

vā́dya (romanization)
वाद्यम् (nominative singular)
वाद्ये (dual nominative)
वाद्यानि (nominative plural)
वाद्या1 (nominative plural)
वाद्य (singular vocative)
वाद्ये (dual vocative)
वाद्यानि (plural vocative)
वाद्या1 (plural vocative)
वाद्यम् (accusative singular)
वाद्ये (accusative dual)
वाद्यानि (accusative plural)
वाद्या1 (accusative plural)
वाद्येन (instrumental singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
वाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाद्याय (dative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वाद्यात् (ablative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
वाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वाद्ये (locative singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual locative)
वाद्येषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wā́dyam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́dyam. Analyzeable as a vṛddhi derivative of वद् (vad). Cognate with Ashkun vã́ć, Kamkata-viri vóč, vój, Waigali vaj.


वाद्य

vā́dya (romanization)
वाद्यः (nominative singular)
वाद्यौ (dual nominative)
वाद्या1 (dual nominative)
वाद्याः (nominative plural)
वाद्यासः1 (nominative plural)
वाद्य (singular vocative)
वाद्यौ (dual vocative)
वाद्या1 (dual vocative)
वाद्याः (plural vocative)
वाद्यासः1 (plural vocative)
वाद्यम् (accusative singular)
वाद्यौ (accusative dual)
वाद्या1 (accusative dual)
वाद्यान् (accusative plural)
वाद्येन (instrumental singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
वाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाद्याय (dative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वाद्यात् (ablative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
वाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वाद्ये (locative singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual locative)
वाद्येषु (locative plural)
वाद्यम् (nominative singular)
वाद्ये (dual nominative)
वाद्यानि (nominative plural)
वाद्या1 (nominative plural)
वाद्य (singular vocative)
वाद्ये (dual vocative)
वाद्यानि (plural vocative)
वाद्या1 (plural vocative)
वाद्यम् (accusative singular)
वाद्ये (accusative dual)
वाद्यानि (accusative plural)
वाद्या1 (accusative plural)
वाद्येन (instrumental singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाद्यैः (instrumental plural)
वाद्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाद्याय (dative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (dative plural)
वाद्यात् (ablative singular)
वाद्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाद्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाद्यस्य (genitive singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual genitive)
वाद्यानाम् (genitive plural)
वाद्ये (locative singular)
वाद्ययोः (dual locative)
वाद्येषु (locative plural)

बाजा


उपकरण

upakaraṇa (romanization)
उपकरणम् (nominative singular)
उपकरणे (dual nominative)
उपकरणानि (nominative plural)
उपकरणा1 (nominative plural)
उपकरण (singular vocative)
उपकरणे (dual vocative)
उपकरणानि (plural vocative)
उपकरणा1 (plural vocative)
उपकरणम् (accusative singular)
उपकरणे (accusative dual)
उपकरणानि (accusative plural)
उपकरणा1 (accusative plural)
उपकरणेन (instrumental singular)
उपकरणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपकरणैः (instrumental plural)
उपकरणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपकरणाय (dative singular)
उपकरणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपकरणेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपकरणात् (ablative singular)
उपकरणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपकरणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपकरणस्य (genitive singular)
उपकरणयोः (dual genitive)
उपकरणानाम् (genitive plural)
उपकरणे (locative singular)
उपकरणयोः (dual locative)
उपकरणेषु (locative plural)

→ Gujarati: ઉપકરણ (upakraṇ)

→ Hindi: उपकरण (upakraṇ)


करम्भ

karambhá (romanization)
करम्भः (nominative singular)
करम्भौ (dual nominative)
करम्भाः (nominative plural)
करम्भ (singular vocative)
करम्भौ (dual vocative)
करम्भाः (plural vocative)
करम्भम् (accusative singular)
करम्भौ (accusative dual)
करम्भान् (accusative plural)
करम्भेन (instrumental singular)
करम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
करम्भैः (instrumental plural)
करम्भाय (dative singular)
करम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
करम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
करम्भात् (ablative singular)
करम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
करम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
करम्भस्य (genitive singular)
करम्भयोः (dual genitive)
करम्भानाम् (genitive plural)
करम्भे (locative singular)
करम्भयोः (dual locative)
करम्भेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of करम्भ

करम्भाभ्याम्

करम्भाभ्याम्

करम्भाभ्याम्

sa-decl-noun/cell

करम्भाभ्याम्

करम्भाभ्याम्

करम्भाभ्याम्

/kɐˈɾɐm.bʱɐ/

Unknown. The proposed connection to Latin cremor is formally quite uncertain.

a dish of parched grain, a cake or flour or meal mixed with curds, a kind of gruel given to children