बुद्ध

buddhá (romanization)
बुद्धः (nominative singular)
बुद्धौ (dual nominative)
बुद्धा1 (dual nominative)
बुद्धाः (nominative plural)
बुद्धासः1 (nominative plural)
बुद्धम् (accusative singular)
बुद्धौ (accusative dual)
बुद्धा1 (accusative dual)
बुद्धान् (accusative plural)
बुद्धेन (instrumental singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुद्धैः (instrumental plural)
बुद्धेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुद्धाय (dative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुद्धात् (ablative singular)
बुद्धाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुद्धेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुद्धस्य (genitive singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual genitive)
बुद्धानाम् (genitive plural)
बुद्धे (locative singular)
बुद्धयोः (dual locative)
बुद्धेषु (locative plural)
बुद्ध (singular vocative)
बुद्धौ (dual vocative)
बुद्धा1 (dual vocative)
बुद्धाः (plural vocative)
बुद्धासः1 (plural vocative)

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀥𑁂 (budhe)

Prakrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (buddha)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: بۄد (bọd)

Gandhari: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha), 𐨦𐨂𐨢𐨂 (budhu)

Niya Prakrit: 𐨦𐨂𐨢 (budha)

Pali: buddha, Buddha (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed terms

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Βούδδας (Boúddas), Βούττας (Boúttas)

→ Latin: Būddās

→ Kannada: ಬುದ್ಧ (buddha)

→ Tamil: புத்தர் (puttar), புத்தன் (puttaṉ)

→ Bactrian: Βοδδο (Boddo)

⇒ Tocharian A: ptāñkät

⇒ Tocharian B: pañäkte, pūdñäkte

→ Sogdian: 𐫁𐫇𐫤 (bwt /*but/)

q

→ Middle Chinese: 佛 (MC bjut), 佛陀 (MC bjut da), 浮屠 (MC bjuw drjo|du) (possibly borrowed indirectly via multiple routes)

desctree

→ Proto-Koreanic: *Pwutukye
Old Korean: 佛體 (*PWUthye?)
Middle Korean: 부텨 (Pwùthyè)
Korean: 부처 (Bucheo)
⇒ Middle Korean: 부톄〯 (Pwùthyěy)
Gyeongsang Korean: 부체 (Buche)
Pyongan Korean: 부테 (Bute)
Jeju: 푼체 (Punche)
→ Old Japanese: 佛 (poto₂ke₂)
Japanese: 仏 (hotoke)
→ Proto-Jurchenic: *puciki
Jurchen:  (*fut͡ʃiçi)
Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi)

→⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (pwrqʾn /burhan/)
→ Karakhanid: بُرْخَنْ (burχan, “idol, Buddha”)
→ Mamluk-Kipchak: بورغن (burġan, “devil, demon”)
→ Mongolian: бурхан (burxan, “god”)
→ Tuvan: бурган (burgan, “god”)

→ Vietnamese: Phật (佛), Bụt (侼)

→ Classical Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha)

> Tibetan: བུད་དྷ (bud dha) (inherited)

→ Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠳᠾᠠ (buddha)

> Mongolian: будда (budda) (inherited)

→ Old Javanese: buddha
> Javanese: ꦧꦸꦢ (buda) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬩᬸᬤ᭄ᬥ (buda)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *buddʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰtós (“awake, aware”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πυστός (pustós), Avestan 𐬠𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀 (busta). By surface analysis, from the root बुध् (budh) + -त (-ta).
This is one of the main examples of Bartholomae's law.


महाराष्ट्र

sa-prop

महाराष्ट्र • (mahārā́ṣṭra) stem, n (feminine महाराष्ट्री)

mahārā́ṣṭra (romanization)
महाराष्ट्र ी (feminine)

Prakrit: 𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞 (marahaṭṭha) (see there for further descendants)

→ Assamese: মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ (moharastro)

→ Bengali: মহারাষ্ট্র (moharaśṭro)

→ Gujarati: મહારાષ્ટ્ર (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Hindustani:

desctree

Hindi: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)
→? Dhivehi: މަހާރާޝްތުރާ (mahārāšturā)
→? Thai: มหาราษฏระ (má-hǎa-râat-sà-dtà-rá)

desc

Urdu: مَہاراشْٹَر (mahārāśṭar)

Urdu: مَہاراشْٹَر (mahārāśṭar)

→ Kannada: ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Malayalam: മഹാരാഷ്ട്ര (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Newar: महाराष्ट्र (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Old Marathi: mahārāṣṭra

Devanagari script: महाराष्ट्र

Modi script: 𑘦𑘮𑘰𑘨𑘰𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘿𑘨

→ Punjabi: mahārāśṭar

Gurmukhi script: ਮਹਾਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ

Shahmukhi script: مَہاراشْٹَر

மகாராட்டிரம்

→? Tamil: மகாராட்டிரம் (makārāṭṭiram)

→? Tamil: மகாராட்டிரம் (makārāṭṭiram)

→ Telugu: మహారాష్ట్ర (mahārāṣṭra)

→ Telugu: మహారాష్ట్ర (mahārāṣṭra)

/mɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/mɐ.ɦɑː.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

Uncertain. Possibly from महा- (mahā-), combining form of महत् (mahat, “great”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “nation, dominion; Rashtrakuta”), a dynasty that once ruled the area), a clan known as राष्ट्रिक (rāṣṭrika) (found in some of King Ashoka’s inscriptions) or रथ (ratha, “chariot”). Possibly, the original name was associated with the Sanskrit word for “nation” or “dominion” via folk etymology.


हिन्दी

hindī (romanization)
हिन्दी (nominative singular)
हिन्दीम् (accusative singular)
हिन्द्या (instrumental singular)
हिन्द्यै (dative singular)
हिन्द्याः (ablative singular)
हिन्द्यै1 (ablative singular)
हिन्द्याः (genitive singular)
हिन्द्यै1 (genitive singular)
हिन्द्याम् (locative singular)
हिन्दि (singular vocative)

हिन्दीं वदामि।


संधि

head

संधि • (saṃdhí) f

saṃdhí (romanization)
सन्धि (alternative)

name of a goddess presiding over junction or union


स्वस्तिक

svastika (romanization)
स्वस्तिकः (nominative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual nominative)
स्वस्तिकाः (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (nominative plural)
स्वस्तिकम् (accusative singular)
स्वस्तिकौ (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिका1 (accusative dual)
स्वस्तिकान् (accusative plural)
स्वस्तिकेन (instrumental singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
स्वस्तिकैः (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
स्वस्तिकाय (dative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (dative plural)
स्वस्तिकात् (ablative singular)
स्वस्तिकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
स्वस्तिकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
स्वस्तिकस्य (genitive singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual genitive)
स्वस्तिकानाम् (genitive plural)
स्वस्तिके (locative singular)
स्वस्तिकयोः (dual locative)
स्वस्तिकेषु (locative plural)
स्वस्तिक (singular vocative)
स्वस्तिकौ (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिका1 (dual vocative)
स्वस्तिकाः (plural vocative)
स्वस्तिकासः1 (plural vocative)

→ English: swastika

desctree

→ German: Swastika, Svastika (less common)
→ Turkish: svastika

→ Hindi: स्वस्तिक (svastik)

→ Kannada: ಸ್ವಸ್ತಿಕ (svastika)

→ Lithuanian: svãstika

→ Malayalam: സ്വസ്തിക (svastika)

→ Marathi: स्वस्तिक (svastik)

→ Tamil: சுவத்திகம் (cuvattikam)

→ Telugu: స్వస్తిక (svastika)

Pali: sotthika

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (satthia), 𑀲𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀅 (sŏtthia)
Gujarati: સાથિયો (sāthiyo)
Hindustani:
Hindi: सथिया (sathiyā)
Urdu: سَتھِیا (sathiyā)

Compound of स्वस्ति (svastí, “fortunate”) + -क (-ka, diminutive masculine nominal suffix).

com+

-क<pos:diminutive masculine nominal suffix>


मुक्ति

From the root मुच् (muc) + -ति (-ti), from which also comes the verb मुञ्चति (muñcati, “to loosen, let loose, free”). Related to Lithuanian mùkti (“to be released, to escape”) (1g. munkù, 1sg. past mukaũ).

cog

name of a divine being, the wife of सत्य (Satya)


कर्णाटक

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कर्णाटक • (karṇāṭaka)

karṇāṭaka (romanization)
कर्णाट (alternative)

Bengali: কর্ণাটক (kornaṭok), কর্নাটক (kornaṭok)

/kɐɾ.ɳɑː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

/kɐɾ.ɳɑː.ʈɐ.kɐ/

Borrowed from Old Kannada ಕರ್ನಾಟ (karnāṭa).


अजर्बैजान

/ɐ.d͡ʑɐɾ.bɑj.d͡ʑɑː.n̪ɐ/

(New Sanskrit) Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


कृष्ण

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कृष्ण • (kṛṣṇa) m

kṛṣṇa (romanization)
कृष्णः (nominative singular)
कृष्णौ (dual nominative)
कृष्णा1 (dual nominative)
कृष्णाः (nominative plural)
कृष्णासः1 (nominative plural)
कृष्णम् (accusative singular)
कृष्णौ (accusative dual)
कृष्णा1 (accusative dual)
कृष्णान् (accusative plural)
कृष्णेन (instrumental singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कृष्णैः (instrumental plural)
कृष्णेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कृष्णाय (dative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (dative plural)
कृष्णात् (ablative singular)
कृष्णाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कृष्णेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कृष्णस्य (genitive singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual genitive)
कृष्णानाम् (genitive plural)
कृष्णे (locative singular)
कृष्णयोः (dual locative)
कृष्णेषु (locative plural)
कृष्ण (singular vocative)
कृष्णौ (dual vocative)
कृष्णा1 (dual vocative)
कृष्णाः (plural vocative)
कृष्णासः1 (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀓𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kaṇha), 𑀓𑀺𑀡𑁆𑀳 (kiṇha)

Assamese: কানু (kanu), কানাই (kanai)

Awadhi: कंधैया (kandhaiyā)

Bengali: কান (kano), কানাই (kanai)

Bhojpuri: 𑂍𑂰𑂢𑂹𑂯𑂰 (kānhā)

Gujarati: કાનો (kāno)

Hindi: कान्ह (kānha), कान्हा (kānhā)

⇒ Hindi: कन्हैया (kanhaiyā)

Maithili: 𑒏𑒰𑒢𑓂𑒯 (kānha)

Marathi: कान्हू (kānhū), कान्हा (kānhā)

Odia: କାନ୍ହ (kānha)

Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਨ੍ਹ (kānh), ਕਾਨ੍ਹਾ (kānhā)

Shahmukhi script: کانھ (kānh), کانھا (kānhā)

Sindhi: 𑊺𑋠𑋑𑋧 (kāno)

Sylheti: ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠁ (xanai)

→ Bengali: কেষ্ট (keśṭo) (semi-learned)

→ Bengali: কৃষ্ণ (kriśno) (learned)

→ English: Krishna

→ Gujarati: કૃષ્ણ (kŕṣṇ)

→ Hindi: किषन (kiṣan), किशन (kiśan) (semi-learned)

→ Hindi: कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), कृष्णा (kŕṣṇā) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಕೃಷ್ಣ (kṛṣṇa)

→ Odia: କୃଷ୍ଣ (kruṣṇa)

→ Malayalam: കൃഷ്ണ (kr̥ṣṇa)

→ Marathi: कृष्ण (kruṣṇa)

→ Tamil: கிருஷ்ணா (kiruṣṇā), கண்ணன் (kaṇṇaṉ) (via Prakrit)

→ Telugu: కృష్ణ (kr̥ṣṇa), కృష్ణుడు (kr̥ṣṇuḍu)

→ Sinhalese: කෘෂ්ණ (kr̥ṣṇa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥šnás (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥snós (“black”).
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (whence Old Church Slavonic чрънъ (črŭnŭ, “black”) (Glagolitic spelling ⱍⱃⱏⱀⱏ (črŭnŭ)), Russian чёрный (čórnyj), Bulgarian черен (čeren), Macedonian црн (crn), Czech černý, Polish czarny, Slovak čierny), Old Prussian kirsnan (“black”), Lithuanian kir̃snas.

cog

यत्र योगेश्वरः कृष्णो यत्र पार्थो धनुर्धरः ।
तत्र श्रीर् विजयो भूतिर् ध्रुवा नीतिर् मतिर् मम ॥
yatra yogeśvaraḥ kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ.
tatra śrīr vijayo bhūtir dhruvā nītir matir mama.
[Saṃjaya said:] "Wherever there is Kṛṣṇa, the Lord of Yoga, and wherever there is Arjuna, the supreme archer, there will also certainly be unending opulence, victory, prosperity, and righteousness. This is my opinion".

c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā Chapter XVIII.78

Krishna, name of a celebrated Avatar of the god Vishnu


अग्नि

agní (romanization)
अग्निः (nominative singular)
अग्नी (dual nominative)
अग्नयः (nominative plural)
अग्निम् (accusative singular)
अग्नी (accusative dual)
अग्नीन् (accusative plural)
अग्निना (instrumental singular)
अग्न्या1 (instrumental singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अग्निभिः (instrumental plural)
अग्नये (dative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (dative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (dative plural)
अग्नेः (ablative singular)
अग्निभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अग्निभ्यः (ablative plural)
अग्नेः (genitive singular)
अग्न्योः (dual genitive)
अग्नीनाम् (genitive plural)
अग्नौ (locative singular)
अग्ना1 (locative singular)
अग्न्योः (dual locative)
अग्निषु (locative plural)
अग्ने (singular vocative)
अग्नी (dual vocative)
अग्नयः (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hagníṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hagníš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Latin ignis, Old Church Slavonic огнь (ognĭ), ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ).

अ॒ग्निम्ई॒ळे पु॒रोहि॑तं य॒ज्ञस्य॑ दे॒वमृ॒त्विजं॑ ।
होता॑रं रत्न॒धात॑मं ॥
agnímīḷé puróhitaṃ yajñásya devámṛtvíjaṃ.

I glorify Agni, the high priest of the sacrifice, the divine, the ministrant, who presents the oblation (to the gods), and is the possessor of great wealth.


गुजराती

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गुजराती • (gujarā́tī)

/ɡu.d͡ʑɐ.ɾɑː.t̪iː/

Borrowed from Gujarati ગુજરાતી (gujrātī).


गणेश

gaṇeśa (romanization)
गणेशः (nominative singular)
गणेशौ (dual nominative)
गणेशाः (nominative plural)
गणेशम् (accusative singular)
गणेशौ (accusative dual)
गणेशान् (accusative plural)
गणेशेन (instrumental singular)
गणेशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणेशैः (instrumental plural)
गणेशाय (dative singular)
गणेशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणेशेभ्यः (dative plural)
गणेशात् (ablative singular)
गणेशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणेशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणेशस्य (genitive singular)
गणेशयोः (dual genitive)
गणेशानाम् (genitive plural)
गणेशे (locative singular)
गणेशयोः (dual locative)
गणेशेषु (locative plural)
गणेश (singular vocative)
गणेशौ (dual vocative)
गणेशाः (plural vocative)

→ Assamese: গণেশ (gonex)

→ Bengali: গণেশ (goneś)

→ English: Ganesha

→ Hindi: गणेश (gaṇeś)

→ Japanese: ガネーシャ

→ Kannada: ಗಣೇಶ (gaṇēśa)

→ Malayalam: ഗണേശന് (gaṇēśanŭ)

→ Marathi: गणेश (gaṇeś)

→ Nepali: गणेश (gaṇeś)

→ Odia: ଗଣେଶ (gaṇeśa)

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇 (gaṇavaï)

→ Punjabi: ਗਣੇਸ਼ (gaṇeś)

→ Tamil: கணேசன் (kaṇēcaṉ)

→ Telugu: గణేశుడు (gaṇēśuḍu)

→ Thai: คเณศ (ká-nêet)

desc

→ Urdu: گنیش

→ Urdu: گنیش

Compound of गण (ganá, “servants of Shiva”) + ईश (īśá, “lord, master”).

com+

(in the plural) a class of siddhas (with śaivas)

name of a renowned astronomer of the 16th century

name of a son of Viśvanātha-dīkṣita and grandson of Bhāvarāma-kṛṣṇa (author of a commentary called Ciccandrikā)


गणपति

gaṇapati (romanization)
गणपतिः (nominative singular)
गणपती (dual nominative)
गणपतयः (nominative plural)
गणपतिम् (accusative singular)
गणपती (accusative dual)
गणपतीन् (accusative plural)
गणपतिना (instrumental singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गणपतिभिः (instrumental plural)
गणपतये (dative singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (dative dual)
गणपतिभ्यः (dative plural)
गणपतेः (ablative singular)
गणपतिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गणपतिभ्यः (ablative plural)
गणपतेः (genitive singular)
गणपत्योः (dual genitive)
गणपतीनाम् (genitive plural)
गणपतौ (locative singular)
गणपत्योः (dual locative)
गणपतिषु (locative plural)
गणपते (singular vocative)
गणपती (dual vocative)
गणपतयः (plural vocative)

Prakrit: 𑀕𑀡𑀯𑀇 (gaṇavaï)

→ Gujarati: ગણપતિ (gaṇpati)

→ Kannada: ಗಣಪತಿ (gaṇapati)

→ Malayalam: ഗണപതി (gaṇapati)

→ Marathi: gaṇpatī

Devanagari script: गणपती

Modi script: 𑘐𑘜𑘢𑘝𑘲

→ Old Khmer: gaṇapati

→ Tamil: கணபதி (kaṇapati)

→ Telugu: గణపతి (gaṇapati)

→ Thai: คณบดี (ká-ná-bɔɔ-dii)

Etymology tree
Sanskrit गण् (gaṇ)
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit गण (gaṇa)
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátiš
Sanskrit पति (pati)
Sanskrit गणपति (gaṇapati)
Tatpuruṣa compound of गण (gaṇá, “troop”) + पति (páti, “lord”).


मत्स्य

head

मत्स्य • (mátsya) m

mátsya (romanization)
मत्स्यः (nominative singular)
मत्स्यौ (dual nominative)
मत्स्या1 (dual nominative)
मत्स्याः (nominative plural)
मत्स्यासः1 (nominative plural)
मत्स्यम् (accusative singular)
मत्स्यौ (accusative dual)
मत्स्या1 (accusative dual)
मत्स्यान् (accusative plural)
मत्स्येन (instrumental singular)
मत्स्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मत्स्यैः (instrumental plural)
मत्स्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मत्स्याय (dative singular)
मत्स्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
मत्स्येभ्यः (dative plural)
मत्स्यात् (ablative singular)
मत्स्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मत्स्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
मत्स्यस्य (genitive singular)
मत्स्ययोः (dual genitive)
मत्स्यानाम् (genitive plural)
मत्स्ये (locative singular)
मत्स्ययोः (dual locative)
मत्स्येषु (locative plural)
मत्स्य (singular vocative)
मत्स्यौ (dual vocative)
मत्स्या1 (dual vocative)
मत्स्याः (plural vocative)
मत्स्यासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀙 (macha /maccha/)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘 (maśca)
Assamese: মাছ (mas)
Bengali: মাছ (mach)
Chakma: 𑄟𑄌𑄴 (māc)
Odia: ମାଛ (mācha)
Rohingya: mas
Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠍ (masó)
Khasa Prakrit:
Nepali: माछा (māchā)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
Hindustani: macch
Hindi: मच्छ
Urdu: مَچھ
Old Marathi: 𑘦𑘔 (macha), 𑘦𑘓𑘿𑘔 (maccha)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙 (maccha)
Hindustani:
Hindi: मच्छ (macch)
Urdu: مچھ (macch)
Romani: maćho
Traveller Norwegian: makjo

desc

⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀇𑀓 f (*maccha-ika)

Kholosi: māči

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀻 (macchī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मच्छी (macchī)

Urdu: مچھی (macchī)

Kachchi: મછી (machī)

Punjabi: ਮੱਛੀ (macchī) / مَچھّی (machhī)

Sindhi: مڇِي / मछी

⇒ Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀫𑀘𑁆𑀙-𑀮𑀻 f (*maccha-lī)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:

Awadhi: मछरी (machrī)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀰𑁆𑀘𑀮𑀻 (maścalī)

Bhojpuri: मछरी (machᵊrī)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: मासोळी (māsoḷī)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Gujarati: માછલી (māchlī)

Hindustani:

Hindi: मछली (machlī)

Urdu: مچھلی (machlī)

Dardic:

Kalasha: matshí

Khowar: مَڅھی (matshí)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)

Sinhalese: මාළුවා (māḷuwā)

desctree

Pali: maccha
→ Khmer: មច្ឆា (macchaa)
→ Thai: มัจฉะ, มัจฉา (mát-chǎa) (from nom.pl.)

→ English: Matsya

→ Hindi: मत्स्य (matsya)

→ Kannada: ಮತ್ಸ್ಯ (matsya)

→ Odia: ମତ୍ସ୍ଯ (matsja)

→ Malayalam: മത്സ്യം (matsyaṁ)

→ Marathi: मत्स्य (matsya)

desc

→ Tamil: மத்ஸ்யம் (matsyam), மச்சம் (maccam)

→ Telugu: మత్స్యము (matsyamu)

→ Thai: มัตสยา (mát-sà-yǎa)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mátsyas (“fish”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀 (masiia), Persian ماهی (mâhi).

an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of central South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.


नेपाल

nepāla (romanization)
नेपालः (nominative singular)
नेपालम् (accusative singular)
नेपालेन (instrumental singular)
नेपालाय (dative singular)
नेपालात् (ablative singular)
नेपालस्य (genitive singular)
नेपाले (locative singular)
नेपाल (singular vocative)

→ Bengali: নেপাল (nepal)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: नेपाल (nepāl)

desctree

Urdu: نیپال (nepāl)
→ Arabic: نِيبَال (nēpāl, nībāl)
→ Dari: نیپَال (nēpāl)
→ Pashto: نیپال

→ Nepali: नेपाल (nepāl)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨੇਪਾਲ (nepāl)

Shahmukhi script: نیپال (nepāl)

→ Sindhi: نيپال

Sometimes explained as a Sanskritization of Prakrit 𑀡𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀮 (ṇevāla), compare Newar नेवाः (newā:, “Newar”). Others regard the Sanskrit form as older. Perhaps ultimately of Sino-Tibetan origin. More on Wikipedia.
Popular etymologies derive it from compounds like ने (ne, “a chief”) + पाल (pāla, “protector”).

com

Nepal (an ancient kingdom in South Asia, roughly coextensive with modern Nepal)

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


जाह्नवी

jāhnavī (romanization)
जाह्नवी (nominative singular)
जाह्नव्यौ (dual nominative)
जाह्नव्यः (nominative plural)
जाह्नवीम् (accusative singular)
जाह्नव्यौ (accusative dual)
जाह्नवीः (accusative plural)
जाह्नव्या (instrumental singular)
जाह्नवीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जाह्नवीभिः (instrumental plural)
जाह्नव्यै (dative singular)
जाह्नवीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जाह्नवीभ्यः (dative plural)
जाह्नव्याः (ablative singular)
जाह्नवीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जाह्नवीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जाह्नव्याः (genitive singular)
जाह्नव्योः (dual genitive)
जाह्नवीनाम् (genitive plural)
जाह्नव्याम् (locative singular)
जाह्नव्योः (dual locative)
जाह्नवीषु (locative plural)
जाह्नवि (singular vocative)
जाह्नव्यौ (dual vocative)
जाह्नव्यः (plural vocative)

/d͡ʑɑːɦ.n̪ɐ.ʋiː/

Vṛddhi derivative of जह्नु (jahnu) with a -ई (-ī) extention


सूर्य

sū́rya (romanization)
metrical Vedic sū́riya (romanization)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އިރު (iru)

Sinhalese: ඉර (ira)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀚 (sujja)

Sindhi: सिॼु(sijju)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਸਿਝ (sijha) (archaic)

Pali: surya

→ Assamese: সূৰুয (xuruz)

→ Bengali: সূর্য (śurjo)

→ Gujarati: સૂરજ (sūraj)

→ Hindi: सूर्य (sūrya), सूरज (sūraj)

→ Khmer: សុរិយ (soreyaʼ)

→ Kannada: ಸೂರ್ಯ (sūrya)

→ Konkani: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Malayalam: സൂര്യന് (sūryaṉ)

→ Malay: suria
Indonesian: surya

→ Marathi: सूर्य (sūrya)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: sūrya
Javanese: ꦱꦸꦂꦪ (surya), ꦱꦺꦴꦂꦪ (sorya)
→ Balinese: ᬲᬹᬃᬬ (surya)

→ Odia: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ (surjya)

→ Nepali: सूर्य (sūrya)

→ Newar: सूर्द्य (sūrdya)

→ Punjabi: ਸੂਰਜ (sūraj) / سورج (sūraj)

→ Marwari: सूरज (sūraj)

→ Sindhi: سوُرَجُ (sūraju)

→ Sinhalese: සූර්යයා (sūryayā)

→ Tamil: சூரியன் (cūriyaṉ)

→ Telugu: సూర్యుడు (sūryuḍu)

desc

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Thai: สุริยา

→ Burmese: သူရိယ (suri.ya.)

→ Urdu: سورج (sūraj)

A -य (-ya) extension of the base सूर् (sū́r), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xur), English sun. Also related to स्वर् (svàr, “sun”) and सूर (sū́ra, “sun”).

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य।
विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोच॒नम्॥
taráṇirviśvádarśato jyotiṣkṛ́dasi sūrya.
víśvamā́ bhāsi rocanám.

Swift and all beautiful art thou, O Sūrya, maker of the light,

(Vedic religion, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) Surya, the Vedic solar deity


धृत

dhṛta (romanization)
धृतः (nominative singular)
धृतौ (dual nominative)
धृता1 (dual nominative)
धृताः (nominative plural)
धृतासः1 (nominative plural)
धृतम् (accusative singular)
धृतौ (accusative dual)
धृता1 (accusative dual)
धृतान् (accusative plural)
धृतेन (instrumental singular)
धृताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धृतैः (instrumental plural)
धृतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धृताय (dative singular)
धृताभ्याम् (dative dual)
धृतेभ्यः (dative plural)
धृतात् (ablative singular)
धृताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धृतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धृतस्य (genitive singular)
धृतयोः (dual genitive)
धृतानाम् (genitive plural)
धृते (locative singular)
धृतयोः (dual locative)
धृतेषु (locative plural)
धृत (singular vocative)
धृतौ (dual vocative)
धृता1 (dual vocative)
धृताः (plural vocative)
धृतासः1 (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥-tó-s, from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).

inh+

of a son of the 13th मनु Hariv. ( v.l. भृथ)

द्रुह्यु द्रुह्यु#Sanskrit

धार्तेय धार्तेय

of a descendant of द्रुह्यु (druhyu) and son of धर्म Pur. (See. धार्तेय)


ध्यान

/d̪ʱjɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Sanskrit ध्यै (dhyai)
Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna)
From the root ध्यै (dhyai, “to contemplate, meditate, think of”); see there for more. Compare Persian دین (din, “religion”), Parthian 𐫅𐫏𐫗 (dyn, “religion”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā, “religion, vision”).

cog

name of the 11th day of the light half in Brahma's month


यम

yamá (romanization)
यमः (nominative singular)
यमौ (dual nominative)
यमा1 (dual nominative)
यमाः (nominative plural)
यमासः1 (nominative plural)
यमम् (accusative singular)
यमौ (accusative dual)
यमा1 (accusative dual)
यमान् (accusative plural)
यमेन (instrumental singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
यमैः (instrumental plural)
यमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
यमाय (dative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
यमेभ्यः (dative plural)
यमात् (ablative singular)
यमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
यमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
यमस्य (genitive singular)
यमयोः (dual genitive)
यमानाम् (genitive plural)
यमे (locative singular)
यमयोः (dual locative)
यमेषु (locative plural)
यम (singular vocative)
यमौ (dual vocative)
यमा1 (dual vocative)
यमाः (plural vocative)
यमासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Balinese: ᬬᬫ (yama)

→ Bengali: যম (jom)

→ Manipuri: ꯌꯃ (yama)

→ Middle Chinese: 閻魔 (MC yem ma)

zh-l

閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

Mandarin: 閻魔／阎魔 (Yánmó)

→ Japanese: 閻魔 (えんま, enma)

→ Korean: 염마 (yeomma), 閻魔

→ Vietnamese: Diêm Ma

→ Japanese: 夜摩 (Yama)

desctree

→ Old Marathi: 𑘧𑘦 (yama)
Marathi: यम (yam)

Pali: yama

→ Burmese: ယာမာ (yama)

→ Old Khmer: [script needed] (yama)

Khmer: យម (yum)

→ Thai: ยม (yom)

Prakrit: 𑀚𑀫 (jama)

→ Tamil: யமன் (yamaṉ)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yamás.

प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्यः॒ पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम् ।
वै॒व॒स्व॒तं सं॒गम॑नं॒ जना॑नां य॒मं राजा॑नं ह॒विषा॑ दुवस्य ॥
pareyivā́ṃsaṃ praváto mahī́ránu bahúbhyaḥ pánthāmanupaspaśānám.
vaivasvatáṃ saṃgámanaṃ jánānāṃ yamáṃ rā́jānaṃ havíṣā duvasya.
Honour the King (of the Pitṛs) with your oblations, Yama, Vivasvan's Son, who gathers men together, who travelled to the lofty heights above us, who searches out and shows the path to many.

Yama, the god of death, afterlife and justice, the twin brother of Yamuna and believed to have been the first mortal to die


पाणिनि

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पाणिनि • (Pāṇini) m

Pāṇini (romanization)
पाणिनिः (nominative singular)
पाणिनी (dual nominative)
पाणिनयः (nominative plural)
पाणिनिम् (accusative singular)
पाणिनी (accusative dual)
पाणिनीन् (accusative plural)
पाणिनिना (instrumental singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाणिनिभिः (instrumental plural)
पाणिनये (dative singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाणिनिभ्यः (dative plural)
पाणिनेः (ablative singular)
पाणिनिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाणिनिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पाणिनेः (genitive singular)
पाणिन्योः (dual genitive)
पाणिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
पाणिनौ (locative singular)
पाणिन्योः (dual locative)
पाणिनिषु (locative plural)
पाणिने (singular vocative)
पाणिनी (dual vocative)
पाणिनयः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

पाणिनिभ्याम्

From पणिन (paṇina), from the root पण् (paṇ, “to buy, negotiate, praise”).


अष्टाध्यायी

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अष्टाध्यायी • (aṣṭādhyāyī) f

/ɐʂ.ʈɑːdʱ.jɑː.jiː/

/ɐʂ.ʈɑːd̪ʱ.jɑː.jiː/

Compound of अष्ट (aṣṭa) + अध्याय (adhyāya) + -ई (-ī).

com+

(linguistics) Literary meaning "eight chapters"; the earliest known grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether.


से

dative singular of सा (sā, “name of Lakshmi or Gauri”)


अद्वैत

ádvaita (romanization)
अद्वैतः (nominative singular)
अद्वैतौ (dual nominative)
अद्वैता1 (dual nominative)
अद्वैताः (nominative plural)
अद्वैतासः1 (nominative plural)
अद्वैतम् (accusative singular)
अद्वैतौ (accusative dual)
अद्वैता1 (accusative dual)
अद्वैतान् (accusative plural)
अद्वैतेन (instrumental singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अद्वैतैः (instrumental plural)
अद्वैतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अद्वैताय (dative singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अद्वैतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अद्वैतात् (ablative singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अद्वैतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अद्वैतस्य (genitive singular)
अद्वैतयोः (dual genitive)
अद्वैतानाम् (genitive plural)
अद्वैते (locative singular)
अद्वैतयोः (dual locative)
अद्वैतेषु (locative plural)
अद्वैत (singular vocative)
अद्वैतौ (dual vocative)
अद्वैता1 (dual vocative)
अद्वैताः (plural vocative)
अद्वैतासः1 (plural vocative)
अद्वैतम् (nominative singular)
अद्वैते (dual nominative)
अद्वैतानि (nominative plural)
अद्वैता1 (nominative plural)
अद्वैतम् (accusative singular)
अद्वैते (accusative dual)
अद्वैतानि (accusative plural)
अद्वैता1 (accusative plural)
अद्वैतेन (instrumental singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अद्वैतैः (instrumental plural)
अद्वैतेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अद्वैताय (dative singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (dative dual)
अद्वैतेभ्यः (dative plural)
अद्वैतात् (ablative singular)
अद्वैताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अद्वैतेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अद्वैतस्य (genitive singular)
अद्वैतयोः (dual genitive)
अद्वैतानाम् (genitive plural)
अद्वैते (locative singular)
अद्वैतयोः (dual locative)
अद्वैतेषु (locative plural)
अद्वैत (singular vocative)
अद्वैते (dual vocative)
अद्वैतानि (plural vocative)
अद्वैता1 (plural vocative)

Compound of अ- (a-, “not”) + द्वैत (dvaita, “dual”).


एशिया

head

एशिया • (Eśiyā)

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)


यूरोप

यूरोप • (yūropa)

Europe (a continent located west of Asia and north of Africa)


युद्ध

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyudʰ-tó-s. Cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬏𐬜 (yūδ), Ancient Greek ὑσμίνη (husmínē, “battle”), Latin iussus. The root is युध् (yudh).

cog

उग्रसेन उग्रसेन#Sanskrit


कला

kalā (romanization)
कला (nominative singular)
कलाम् (accusative singular)
कलया (instrumental singular)
कलायै (dative singular)
कलायाः (ablative singular)
कलायाः (genitive singular)
कलायाम् (locative singular)
कले (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கலம் (kalam).


बुध

budha (romanization)
बुधः (nominative singular)
बुधौ (dual nominative)
बुधा1 (dual nominative)
बुधाः (nominative plural)
बुधासः1 (nominative plural)
बुधम् (accusative singular)
बुधौ (accusative dual)
बुधा1 (accusative dual)
बुधान् (accusative plural)
बुधेन (instrumental singular)
बुधाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुधैः (instrumental plural)
बुधेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुधाय (dative singular)
बुधाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुधेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुधात् (ablative singular)
बुधाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुधेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुधस्य (genitive singular)
बुधयोः (dual genitive)
बुधानाम् (genitive plural)
बुधे (locative singular)
बुधयोः (dual locative)
बुधेषु (locative plural)
बुध (singular vocative)
बुधौ (dual vocative)
बुधा1 (dual vocative)
बुधाः (plural vocative)
बुधासः1 (plural vocative)


शनि

śani (romanization)
शनिः (nominative singular)
शनिम् (accusative singular)
शनिना (instrumental singular)
शन्या1 (instrumental singular)
शनये (dative singular)
शनेः (ablative singular)
शन्यः1 (ablative singular)
शनेः (genitive singular)
शन्यः1 (genitive singular)
शनौ (locative singular)
शना1 (locative singular)
शने (singular vocative)
शनैश् (alternative)

→ Burmese: စနေ (ca.ne)

→ Hindi: शनि (śani)

→ Tulu: ಶನಿ (śani)

→ Malayalam: ശനി (śani)

→ Tamil: சனி (caṉi)

→ Telugu: శని (śani)

→ Thai: ศนิ

⇒ Sanskrit: शनैश्चर (śanaiścara)

desc

𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴

→⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐾀𐽳𐽴 (sʾnycʾr ywltwz /Sanéčar yultuz/)

com

शनैश् (śanaiś, “compounding form of शनैस्”) + चर (cara, “moving”)


हीरा

hīrā (romanization)
हीरा (nominative singular)
हीरे (dual nominative)
हीराः (nominative plural)
हीराम् (accusative singular)
हीरे (accusative dual)
हीराः (accusative plural)
हीरया (instrumental singular)
हीरा1 (instrumental singular)
हीराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हीराभिः (instrumental plural)
हीरायै (dative singular)
हीराभ्याम् (dative dual)
हीराभ्यः (dative plural)
हीरायाः (ablative singular)
हीरायै2 (ablative singular)
हीराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हीराभ्यः (ablative plural)
हीरायाः (genitive singular)
हीरायै2 (genitive singular)
हीरयोः (dual genitive)
हीराणाम् (genitive plural)
हीरायाम् (locative singular)
हीरयोः (dual locative)
हीरासु (locative plural)
हीरे (singular vocative)
हीरे (dual vocative)
हीराः (plural vocative)


गरुड

garuḍá (romanization)
गरुडस् (nominative singular)
गरुडम् (accusative singular)
गरुडेन (instrumental singular)
गरुडाय (dative singular)
गरुडात् (ablative singular)
गरुडस्य (genitive singular)
गरुडे (locative singular)
गरुड (singular vocative)

Bengali: গরুড় (goruṛ)

→ Chinese: 迦樓羅 /迦楼罗 (jiālóuluó)

→ Japanese: 迦楼羅

→ English: garuda

Gujarati: ગરુડ (garuḍ)

Hindi: गरुड़ (garuṛ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: garuḍa
> Javanese: ꦒꦫꦸꦝ (garudha) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: garuda
→ Malay: geroda
→ Balinese: ᬕᬭᬸᬥ (garuda)

→ Khmer: គ្រុឌ (krut)

→ Kannada: ಗರುಡ (garuḍa)

→ Malayalam: ഗരുഡൻ (garuḍaṉ)

desc

→ Manchu: ᡤᠠᡵᡠᡩᠠᡳ (garudai), ᡤᡝᡵᡠᡩᡝᡳ (gerudei)

Marathi: गरुड (garuḍ)

→ Middle Mongol: ᠬᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ (qarudi)

Classical Mongolian: ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ (ɣarudi)

Mongolian:

Mongolian script: ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ (ɣarudi)

Cyrillic script: гарди (gardi)

→ Kapampangan: galura

Pali: garuḷa

→ Burmese: ဂဠုန် (ga.lun)

Punjabi: ਗਰੜ (garaṛ)

→ Shan: ၵႃလူၼ် (kǎa lǔun)

→ Saurashtra: ꢔꢾꢬꢸꢞ꣄ (geruḍ)

→ Tamil: கருடன் (karuṭaṉ)

→ Telugu: గరుడి (garuḍi)

→ Thai: ครุฑ (krút)

Unclear, possibly from गॄ (gṝ, “to devour”, root).

(Hinduism) Garuda, Mount of Vishnu, king of the Birds, son of Kashyapa and Vinata.


काम

kāma (romanization)
कामः (nominative singular)
कामौ (dual nominative)
कामा1 (dual nominative)
कामाः (nominative plural)
कामासः1 (nominative plural)
कामम् (accusative singular)
कामौ (accusative dual)
कामा1 (accusative dual)
कामान् (accusative plural)
कामेन (instrumental singular)
कामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कामैः (instrumental plural)
कामेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कामाय (dative singular)
कामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कामेभ्यः (dative plural)
कामात् (ablative singular)
कामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कामस्य (genitive singular)
कामयोः (dual genitive)
कामानाम् (genitive plural)
कामे (locative singular)
कामयोः (dual locative)
कामेषु (locative plural)
काम (singular vocative)
कामौ (dual vocative)
कामा1 (dual vocative)
कामाः (plural vocative)
कामासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬨𐬀 (kāma, “desire”), Persian کام (kâm, “desire”). Wider cognates include Latin cārus, whence French cher and English charity, and English whore.


गंगा

head

गंगा • (gaṃgā) f

gaṃgā (romanization)
गंगा (nominative singular)
गंगे (dual nominative)
गंगाः (nominative plural)
गंगाम् (accusative singular)
गंगे (accusative dual)
गंगाः (accusative plural)
गंगया (instrumental singular)
गंगा1 (instrumental singular)
गंगाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गंगाभिः (instrumental plural)
गंगायै (dative singular)
गंगाभ्याम् (dative dual)
गंगाभ्यः (dative plural)
गंगायाः (ablative singular)
गंगायै2 (ablative singular)
गंगाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गंगाभ्यः (ablative plural)
गंगायाः (genitive singular)
गंगायै2 (genitive singular)
गंगयोः (dual genitive)
गंगानाम् (genitive plural)
गंगायाम् (locative singular)
गंगयोः (dual locative)
गंगासु (locative plural)
गंगे (singular vocative)
गंगे (dual vocative)
गंगाः (plural vocative)

गङ्गा गङ्गा#Sanskrit

Alternative spelling of गङ्गा (gaṅgā, “Ganges”)


मित्र

mitrá (romanization)
मित्रः (nominative singular)
मित्रौ (dual nominative)
मित्रा1 (dual nominative)
मित्राः (nominative plural)
मित्रासः1 (nominative plural)
मित्रम् (accusative singular)
मित्रौ (accusative dual)
मित्रा1 (accusative dual)
मित्रान् (accusative plural)
मित्रेण (instrumental singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मित्रैः (instrumental plural)
मित्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मित्राय (dative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मित्रात् (ablative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मित्रस्य (genitive singular)
मित्रयोः (dual genitive)
मित्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मित्रे (locative singular)
मित्रयोः (dual locative)
मित्रेषु (locative plural)
मित्र (singular vocative)
मित्रौ (dual vocative)
मित्रा1 (dual vocative)
मित्राः (plural vocative)
मित्रासः1 (plural vocative)
मित्रम् (nominative singular)
मित्रे (dual nominative)
मित्राणि (nominative plural)
मित्रा1 (nominative plural)
मित्रम् (accusative singular)
मित्रे (accusative dual)
मित्राणि (accusative plural)
मित्रा1 (accusative plural)
मित्रेण (instrumental singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मित्रैः (instrumental plural)
मित्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मित्राय (dative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
मित्रात् (ablative singular)
मित्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मित्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मित्रस्य (genitive singular)
मित्रयोः (dual genitive)
मित्राणाम् (genitive plural)
मित्रे (locative singular)
मित्रयोः (dual locative)
मित्रेषु (locative plural)
मित्र (singular vocative)
मित्रे (dual vocative)
मित्राणि (plural vocative)
मित्रा1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (literally “to bind”). Indo-Aryan languages preserve the literal meaning in the sense of friend, one of the aspects of binding and alliance. Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬋 (miθrō), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra) [cf. Mithra], which was also borrowed into Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r /miθra/).

inh

तान्पूर्व॑या नि॒विदा॑ हूमहे व॒यं भगं॑ मि॒त्रम्अदि॑तिं॒ दक्ष॑म॒स्रिध॑म्।
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं॒ सोम॑म॒श्विना॒ सर॑स्वती नः सु॒भगा॒ मय॑स्करत्॥
tā́npū́rvayā nivídā hūmahe vayáṃ bhágaṃ mitrámáditiṃ dákṣamasrídham.
aryamáṇaṃ váruṇaṃ sómamaśvínā sárasvatī naḥ subhágā máyaskarat.

We invoke them with an ancient text, Bhaga, Mitra, Aditi, Dakṣa, Asridh, Aryaman, Varuṇa, Soma, the Aśvins; and may the gracious Sarasvatī grant us happiness.

मरुत् मरुत्#Sanskrit

वसिष्ठ वसिष्ठ#Sanskrit

name of a son of वसिष्ठ (vasiṣṭha) and various other men

मुहूर्त मुहूर्त#Sanskrit


अश्वमेध

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ́/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.meː.d̪ʱɐ/

/ɐ́ɕ.ʋɐ.mɐj.dʱɐ/

/ɐɕ.ʋɐ.meː.d̪ʱɐ/

An oxytonic tatpurusa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”). Possible cognate with Gaulish Epomeduos (“name of a festival and a deity”).


धृतराष्ट्र

sa-prop

धृतराष्ट्र • (dhṛtarāṣṭra) stem, m

dhṛtarāṣṭra (romanization)
धृतराष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
धृतराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
धृतराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
धृतराष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
धृतराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
धृतराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
धृतराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
धृतराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
धृतराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
धृतराष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
धृतराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
धृतराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
धृतराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)
धृतराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
धृतराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
धृतराष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)

/dʱr̩.tɐ.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ́/

/d̪ʱr̩.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

Compound of धृत (dhṛtá, “held”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣtrá, “nation”).

com+

(Hinduism) King of Hastinapura, husband of Gandhari, and the father of the Kauravas.


उमा

umā (romanization)
उमा (nominative singular)
उमे (dual nominative)
उमाः (nominative plural)
उमाम् (accusative singular)
उमे (accusative dual)
उमाः (accusative plural)
उमया (instrumental singular)
उमा1 (instrumental singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उमाभिः (instrumental plural)
उमायै (dative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उमाभ्यः (dative plural)
उमायाः (ablative singular)
उमायै2 (ablative singular)
उमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उमाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उमायाः (genitive singular)
उमायै2 (genitive singular)
उमयोः (dual genitive)
उमानाम् (genitive plural)
उमायाम् (locative singular)
उमयोः (dual locative)
उमासु (locative plural)
उमे (singular vocative)
उमे (dual vocative)
उमाः (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: उमा (umā)

→ Telugu: ఉమ (uma)


इन्द्र

índra (romanization)
इन्द्रः (nominative singular)
इन्द्रौ (dual nominative)
इन्द्रा1 (dual nominative)
इन्द्राः (nominative plural)
इन्द्रासः1 (nominative plural)
इन्द्रम् (accusative singular)
इन्द्रौ (accusative dual)
इन्द्रा1 (accusative dual)
इन्द्रान् (accusative plural)
इन्द्रेण (instrumental singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
इन्द्रैः (instrumental plural)
इन्द्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
इन्द्राय (dative singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
इन्द्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
इन्द्रात् (ablative singular)
इन्द्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
इन्द्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
इन्द्रस्य (genitive singular)
इन्द्रयोः (dual genitive)
इन्द्राणाम् (genitive plural)
इन्द्रे (locative singular)
इन्द्रयोः (dual locative)
इन्द्रेषु (locative plural)
इन्द्र (singular vocative)
इन्द्रौ (dual vocative)
इन्द्रा1 (dual vocative)
इन्द्राः (plural vocative)
इन्द्रासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *índras. Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬧𐬛𐬭𐬀 (iṇdra, name of a daeva). Related to Kamkata-viri Indrë, and Prasuni Indr.
The further etymology is uncertain, with two theories about its origin:
* One possibility is conception as a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃eyd- (“to swell”) with nasal infix, thus *(H)i-n-d-rá-s (“strong”) individualized into "the strong one" and underwent a secondary accent shift. In this case इन्द्र (indra) could be cognate with Serbo-Croatian jedar (“strong”).
* Alternatively from the BMAC substrate. Maybe related to Proto-Circassian *yənə-ø-ra ‘huge-be-ger’, cf. Abkhaz a-ynar, the Nart god of the forge.

der

यो ह॒त्वाहि॒मरि॑णात्स॒प्त सिन्धू॒न्यो गा उ॒दाज॑दप॒धा व॒लस्य॑ ।
यो अश्म॑नोर॒न्तर॒ग्निं ज॒जान॑ सं॒वृक्स॒मत्सु॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥
yó hatvā́himáriṇātsaptá síndhūnyó gā́ udā́jadapadhā́ valásya.

He who slew the Dragon, freed the Seven Rivers [from captivity], and drove the cows [from captivity] forth from the cave of Vala,
he who begat fire between two stones, he who overpowers warriors in battle, he, O folks, is Indra.

yó áśmanorantáragníṃ jajā́na saṃvṛ́ksamátsu sá janāsa índraḥ.


माया

māyā́ (romanization)
माया (nominative singular)
मायाम् (accusative singular)
मायया (instrumental singular)
माया1 (instrumental singular)
मायायै (dative singular)
मायायाः (ablative singular)
मायायै2 (ablative singular)
मायायाः (genitive singular)
मायायै2 (genitive singular)
मायायाम् (locative singular)
माये (singular vocative)

→ English: Maya

Most likely a derivative of मा (mā, “measure, magic, binding, fettering”), though derivation from a seṭ-variant of मन् (man, “to think, suppose”) is also possible. Cognate with Bulgarian мая (maja, “distract, enchant, delay”).

cog

The name of several goddesses (Illusion personified, Lakshmi)

a female given name, equivalent to English Maya (famously held by the mother of the Buddha)

(poetry, in the dual, māye indrasya) name of 2 sāmans


माल

māla (romanization)
मालः (nominative singular)
मालौ (dual nominative)
माला1 (dual nominative)
मालाः (nominative plural)
मालासः1 (nominative plural)
मालम् (accusative singular)
मालौ (accusative dual)
माला1 (accusative dual)
मालान् (accusative plural)
मालेन (instrumental singular)
मालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मालैः (instrumental plural)
मालेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मालाय (dative singular)
मालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मालेभ्यः (dative plural)
मालात् (ablative singular)
मालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मालस्य (genitive singular)
मालयोः (dual genitive)
मालानाम् (genitive plural)
माले (locative singular)
मालयोः (dual locative)
मालेषु (locative plural)
माल (singular vocative)
मालौ (dual vocative)
माला1 (dual vocative)
मालाः (plural vocative)
मालासः1 (plural vocative)

Likely borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil மாலர் (mālar, “the child of a Brahmin mother and a Sudra father”), Telugu మాల (māla, “a pariah, an outcaste”), Kannada ಮಾಲ (māla, “low, base, name of a barbarous tribe”).

name of a district (lying west and southwest of Bengal)

of one of the seven islands, of Antara-dvīpa

(in the plural) name of a barbarous tribe or people


मधु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu (“honey, wine”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey, wine, mead”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎 (maδu), Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu), Lithuanian medùs, Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, “honey”), Old English medu (whence English mead).

cog

name of the first month of the year - Chaitra, the season of spring


जापान

jāpāna (romanization)
जापानः (nominative singular)
जापानम् (accusative singular)
जापानेन (instrumental singular)
जापानाय (dative singular)
जापानात् (ablative singular)
जापानस्य (genitive singular)
जापाने (locative singular)
जापान (singular vocative)

/d͡ʑɑː.pɑː.n̪ɐ/

Etymology tree
Hokkien 日本 /Ji̍t-púnbor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Portuguese Japãobor.
Malay Jepangbor.
Dutch Japanbor.
English Japanbor.
Hindi जापान (jāpān)bor.
Sanskrit जापान (jāpāna)
Borrowed from Hindi जापान (jāpān), from English Japan.

etymon

(New Sanskrit) Japan (a country and archipelago in East Asia)


नारायण

Nārāyaṇá (romanization)
नारायणः (nominative singular)
नारायणौ (dual nominative)
नारायणा1 (dual nominative)
नारायणाः (nominative plural)
नारायणासः1 (nominative plural)
नारायणम् (accusative singular)
नारायणौ (accusative dual)
नारायणा1 (accusative dual)
नारायणान् (accusative plural)
नारायणेन (instrumental singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नारायणैः (instrumental plural)
नारायणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नारायणाय (dative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (dative plural)
नारायणात् (ablative singular)
नारायणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नारायणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नारायणस्य (genitive singular)
नारायणयोः (dual genitive)
नारायणानाम् (genitive plural)
नारायणे (locative singular)
नारायणयोः (dual locative)
नारायणेषु (locative plural)
नारायण (singular vocative)
नारायणौ (dual vocative)
नारायणा1 (dual vocative)
नारायणाः (plural vocative)
नारायणासः1 (plural vocative)

Balinese: ᬦᬵᬭᬵᬬᬡ, Narayana

→ Bengali: নারায়ণ (naraẏon)

→ Gujarati: નારાયણ (nārāyaṇ)

→ Hindi: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Khmer: នារាយណ៍ (néaréayn៍)

→ Kannada: ನಾರಾಯಣ (nārāyaṇa)

→ Malayalam: നാരായണൻ (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Middle Chinese: 那羅延 (MC na la yen) (Possibly via Prakrit)

→ Japanese: 那羅延天 (Naraen-ten)

→ Nepali: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

→ Odia: ନାରାୟଣ (nārāyaṇa)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘡𑘰𑘨𑘰𑘧𑘜 (nārāyaṇa)

Marathi: नारायण (nārāyaṇ)

desc

→ Sindhi: नाराइणु

→ Sindhi: नाराइणु / نارائِڻُ (nārāiṇu)

→ Punjabi: ਨਾਰੈਣ (nāraiṇ)

→ Sinhalese: නාරායන (nārāyana)

→ Tamil: நாராயணன் (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Tamil: நாராயணன் (nārāyaṇaṉ)

→ Telugu: నారాయణ (nārāyaṇa)

→ Thai: นารายณ์ (naa-raai)

/nɑː.ɾɑː.jɐ.ɳɐ́/

/n̪ɑː.ɾɑː.jɐ.ɳɐ/

Vṛddhi derivative of नर (nara, “the primeval Man or eternal Spirit”) + अयन (ayana).

vrd

the son of the original Man; an epithet of Vishnu or Krishna - Narayana

(as a synonym of Vishnu) Name of the 2nd month

in classical literature, the name of several men and commentators


भोजन

bhójana (romanization)
भोजनः (nominative singular)
भोजनौ (dual nominative)
भोजना1 (dual nominative)
भोजनाः (nominative plural)
भोजनासः1 (nominative plural)
भोजनम् (accusative singular)
भोजनौ (accusative dual)
भोजना1 (accusative dual)
भोजनान् (accusative plural)
भोजनेन (instrumental singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भोजनैः (instrumental plural)
भोजनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भोजनाय (dative singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भोजनेभ्यः (dative plural)
भोजनात् (ablative singular)
भोजनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भोजनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भोजनस्य (genitive singular)
भोजनयोः (dual genitive)
भोजनानाम् (genitive plural)
भोजने (locative singular)
भोजनयोः (dual locative)
भोजनेषु (locative plural)
भोजन (singular vocative)
भोजनौ (dual vocative)
भोजना1 (dual vocative)
भोजनाः (plural vocative)
भोजनासः1 (plural vocative)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀪𑁄𑀅𑀡 (bhoaṇa)
→ Kannada: ಬೋನ (bōna)
→ Tamil: போனகம் (pōṉakam); போனம் (pōṉam)
→ Telugu: బోనము (bōnamu)
→ Tulu: ಬೋನ (bōna)

Pali: bhojana

→ Hindi: भोजन (bhojan)

→ Kannada: ಭೋಜನ (bhōjana)

desc

→ Tamil: போசனம் (pōcaṉam), போஜனம் (pōjaṉam)

→ Telugu: భోజనము (bhōjanamu)

From the root भुज् (bhuj) + -अन (-ana), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy”).


भर्ग

bhárga (romanization)
भर्गः (nominative singular)
भर्गौ (dual nominative)
भर्गा1 (dual nominative)
भर्गाः (nominative plural)
भर्गासः1 (nominative plural)
भर्गम् (accusative singular)
भर्गौ (accusative dual)
भर्गा1 (accusative dual)
भर्गान् (accusative plural)
भर्गेण (instrumental singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भर्गैः (instrumental plural)
भर्गेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भर्गाय (dative singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भर्गेभ्यः (dative plural)
भर्गात् (ablative singular)
भर्गाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भर्गेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भर्गस्य (genitive singular)
भर्गयोः (dual genitive)
भर्गाणाम् (genitive plural)
भर्गे (locative singular)
भर्गयोः (dual locative)
भर्गेषु (locative plural)
भर्ग (singular vocative)
भर्गौ (dual vocative)
भर्गा1 (dual vocative)
भर्गाः (plural vocative)
भर्गासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰárgas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰél-gos, from *bʰel- (“light, bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλός (phalós, “white”), Latin flavus (“yellow”), Russian бе́лый (bélyj), Old Armenian բալ (bal, “fog”), Old English bǣl (whence English bald). Related to भाल (bhāla). See also भर्गस् (bhargas).

रुद्रशिव रुद्रशिव#Sanskrit

name of रुद्रशिव (rudra-śiva) (as name of the number 11)

प्रागाथ प्रागाथ#Sanskrit

name of a man with patronymic प्रागाथ (prāgātha)

वेणुहोत्र वेणुहोत्र#Sanskrit

name of a king, the son of वेणुहोत्र (veṇu-hotra)

वीतिहोत्र वीतिहोत्र#Sanskrit

वह्नि वह्नि#Sanskrit


भर्ग

सामन् सामन्#Sanskrit


बुध्न

head

बुध्न • (budhná)

budhná (romanization)
बुध्नः (nominative singular)
बुध्नौ (dual nominative)
बुध्ना1 (dual nominative)
बुध्नाः (nominative plural)
बुध्नासः1 (nominative plural)
बुध्नम् (accusative singular)
बुध्नौ (accusative dual)
बुध्ना1 (accusative dual)
बुध्नान् (accusative plural)
बुध्नेन (instrumental singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
बुध्नैः (instrumental plural)
बुध्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
बुध्नाय (dative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
बुध्नात् (ablative singular)
बुध्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
बुध्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
बुध्नस्य (genitive singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual genitive)
बुध्नानाम् (genitive plural)
बुध्ने (locative singular)
बुध्नयोः (dual locative)
बुध्नेषु (locative plural)
बुध्न (singular vocative)
बुध्नौ (dual vocative)
बुध्ना1 (dual vocative)
बुध्नाः (plural vocative)
बुध्नासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-nó-s (“bottom”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬥𐬀 (būna), Persian بن (bon, “bottom”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) (whence the name of the country Honduras), Old English botm, bodan (whence English bottom).


दीर्घ

dīrghá (romanization)
दीर्घम् (nominative singular)
दीर्घे (dual nominative)
दीर्घाणि (nominative plural)
दीर्घा1 (nominative plural)
दीर्घम् (accusative singular)
दीर्घे (accusative dual)
दीर्घाणि (accusative plural)
दीर्घा1 (accusative plural)
दीर्घेण (instrumental singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीर्घैः (instrumental plural)
दीर्घेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीर्घाय (dative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीर्घात् (ablative singular)
दीर्घाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीर्घेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीर्घस्य (genitive singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual genitive)
दीर्घाणाम् (genitive plural)
दीर्घे (locative singular)
दीर्घयोः (dual locative)
दीर्घेषु (locative plural)
दीर्घ (singular vocative)
दीर्घे (dual vocative)
दीर्घाणि (plural vocative)
दीर्घा1 (plural vocative)

Dardic:

Chilisso: [script needed] (žiṅgo)

Dameli: [script needed] (drīga)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (līgāla)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (žiga)

Kalami: [script needed] (līg)

Kalasha: driga

Khowar: درونگ (drung)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (drīi), [script needed] (ligolo)

Phalura: [script needed] (dhrigo)

Savi: [script needed] (drigōu)

Shina: [script needed] (ẓigu) ('dangu' in Drasi)

Shumashti: [script needed] (ligalo)

Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (legā)

Tirahi: [script needed] (derega)

Torwali: حؕىگ (ḍẓīk)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (lig), [script needed] (likh)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ދިގު (digu)

Sinhalese: දිග (diga)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: दिघो (digho)

Kholosi: taɽgo

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)

Assamese: দীঘ (digh), দীঘল (dighol)

Bengali: দিঘ (digh), দিগ (dig)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)

Konkani: दीग (dīg)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਡੂੰਘਾ (ḍūṅghā, “deep”)

Sindhi: ड्रिघो (ḍrigho)

Pali: dīgha

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀺𑀕𑁆𑀖 (diggha)

Hindustani:

Hindi: दीह (dīh) (poetic)

Romani: dingo

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dr̥Hgʰás (“long”), from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬀 (dar^əga, “long”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎥 (d-r-g /darga/), Ancient Greek δολιχός (dolikhós), Latin longus, Old Church Slavonic дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), and possibly English long.


अर्जुन

arjuna (romanization)
अर्जुनः (nominative singular)
अर्जुनौ (dual nominative)
अर्जुनाः (nominative plural)
अर्जुनम् (accusative singular)
अर्जुनौ (accusative dual)
अर्जुनान् (accusative plural)
अर्जुनेन (instrumental singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अर्जुनैः (instrumental plural)
अर्जुनाय (dative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (dative plural)
अर्जुनात् (ablative singular)
अर्जुनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अर्जुनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अर्जुनस्य (genitive singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual genitive)
अर्जुनानाम् (genitive plural)
अर्जुने (locative singular)
अर्जुनयोः (dual locative)
अर्जुनेषु (locative plural)
अर्जुन (singular vocative)
अर्जुनौ (dual vocative)
अर्जुनाः (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: अर्जुन (arjun)

→ Kannada: ಅರ್ಜುನ (arjuna)

→ Malayalam: അർജ്ജുനൻ (aṟjjunaṉ)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: Arjuna
Javanese: ꦄꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Arjuna), ꦲꦼꦂꦗꦸꦤ (Herjuna)
→ Balinese: ᬅᬃᬚᬸᬦ (Arjuna)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘕𑘳𑘡 (arjuna)

Marathi: अर्जुन (arjun)

→ Tamil: அர்ஜுனன் (arjuṉaṉ)

→ Telugu: అర్జునుడు (arjunuḍu)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érǵ-u-nom (“white, shining; silver”). Cognate with Latin argentum (“silver”).

inh

(Hinduism) Arjuna, son of Pandu and Kunti, husband of Draupadi and Subhadra, and the father of Abhimanyu and Shrutakarma

a male given name commonly used in India


हंस

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).

name of a son of Brahma-datta and general of Jarā-saṃdha


हरि

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰárHiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-i-s, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (zaⁱri), Persian زر (zar, “gold”). Related to हिरण्य (híraṇya).

a name of Vishnu and Krishna (in this sense thought by some to be derived from √hṛ, 'to take away or remove evil or sin')

a name of a son of Akampaua (or Anukampana)

name of various authors and scholars (especially of the poet Bhartṛi-hari as the author of the Vākya-padīya)

name (also with miśra, bhaṭṭa, dīkṣita etc.)

name a particular class of gods under Manu Tāmasa


अथर्वन्

átharvan (romanization)
अथर्वा (nominative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणः (nominative plural)
अथर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (accusative dual)
अथर्वाणा1 (accusative dual)
अथर्वणः (accusative plural)
अथर्वणा (instrumental singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अथर्वभिः (instrumental plural)
अथर्वणे (dative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (dative plural)
अथर्वणः (ablative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (ablative plural)
अथर्वणः (genitive singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual genitive)
अथर्वणाम् (genitive plural)
अथर्वणि (locative singular)
अथर्वन्1 (locative singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual locative)
अथर्वसु (locative plural)
अथर्वन् (singular vocative)
अथर्वाणौ (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणः (plural vocative)

/ɐ́.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐn/

/ɐ.t̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *átʰarwā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *átʰarwā (“priest”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (āθrauuan). Ultimate origin unknown. Some scholars suggest it derives from the BMAC substrate.

याम्अथ॑र्वा॒ मनु॑ष्पि॒ता द॒ध्यङ्धिय॒मत्न॑त।
तस्मि॒न्ब्रह्मा॑णि पू॒र्वथेन्द्र॑ उ॒क्था सम॑ग्म॒तार्च॒न्ननु॑ स्व॒राज्य॑म्॥
yā́mátharvā mánuṣpitā́ dadhyáṅdhíyamátnata.

Still as of old, whatever rite Atharvan, Manus sire of all, Dadhyach performed, their prayer and praise united in that Indra meet, lauding his own imperial sway.

tásminbráhmāṇi pūrváthéndra ukthā́ sámagmatā́rcannánu svarā́jyam.

दधीचि दधीचि#Sanskrit

Atharvan, son of Kardama, father of दधीचि (dadhīci) and the co-author of the Atharvaveda.


सवितृ

savitṛ́ (romanization)
सविता (nominative singular)
सवितारौ (dual nominative)
सवितारा1 (dual nominative)
सवितारः (nominative plural)
सवितारम् (accusative singular)
सवितारौ (accusative dual)
सवितारा1 (accusative dual)
सवितॄन् (accusative plural)
सवित्रा (instrumental singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सवितृभिः (instrumental plural)
सवित्रे (dative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (dative plural)
सवितुः (ablative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
सवितुः (genitive singular)
सवित्रोः (dual genitive)
सवितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
सवितरि (locative singular)
सवित्रोः (dual locative)
सवितृषु (locative plural)
सवितः (singular vocative)
सवितारौ (dual vocative)
सवितारा1 (dual vocative)
सवितारः (plural vocative)

From the full-grade of the root सू (sū, “to impel, to vivify”) + -तृ (-tṛ, agentive suffix).

आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च।
हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न्॥
ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan.

Revolving through the darkened firmament, arousing mortal and immortal, the divine Savitā travels in his golden chariot, beholding the worlds.

तत्स॒वि॒तुर्वरे॑ण्यं॒ भर्गो॑ दे॒वस्य॑ धीमहि।
धियो॒ यो नः॑ प्रचो॒दया॑त्॥
tátsavitúrváreṇyaṃ bhárgo devásya dhīmahi.
dhíyo yó naḥ pracodáyāt.

We meditate on that desirable light of the divine Savitā, who influences our pious rites.

"The Vivifier"; the name of a Vedic solar deity described as the personification of the divine, vivifying influence of the Sun


असि

asi (romanization)
असिः (nominative singular)
असिम् (accusative singular)
अस्या (instrumental singular)
असये (dative singular)
अस्यै1 (dative singular)
असेः (ablative singular)
अस्याः1 (ablative singular)
असेः (genitive singular)
अस्याः1 (genitive singular)
असौ (locative singular)
अस्याम्1 (locative singular)
असे (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥sis (“dagger; knife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬏 (ahū), Latin ēnsis, Palaic 𒄩𒅆𒄿𒊏 (ḫa-ši-i-ra /hasīra/, “dagger”).


वाच्

vāc (romanization)
वाक् (nominative singular)
वाचौ (dual nominative)
वाचा1 (dual nominative)
वाचः (nominative plural)
वाचम् (accusative singular)
वाचौ (accusative dual)
वाचा1 (accusative dual)
वाचः (accusative plural)
वाचा (instrumental singular)
वाग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाग्भिः (instrumental plural)
वाचे (dative singular)
वाग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
वाग्भ्यः (dative plural)
वाचः (ablative singular)
वाग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
वाचः (genitive singular)
वाचोः (dual genitive)
वाचाम् (genitive plural)
वाचि (locative singular)
वाचोः (dual locative)
वाक्षु (locative plural)
वाक् (singular vocative)
वाचौ (dual vocative)
वाचा1 (dual vocative)
वाचः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wā́kš (“speech, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”), from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬑𐬱 (vāxš), Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps), Latin vōx, Persian آواز (âvâz), English voice (via Latin and Old French).

inh

Speech personified as the goddess of speech Vāc


युवन

yuvana (romanization)
युवनः (nominative singular)
युवनौ (dual nominative)
युवना1 (dual nominative)
युवनाः (nominative plural)
युवनासः1 (nominative plural)
युवनम् (accusative singular)
युवनौ (accusative dual)
युवना1 (accusative dual)
युवनान् (accusative plural)
युवनेन (instrumental singular)
युवनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
युवनैः (instrumental plural)
युवनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
युवनाय (dative singular)
युवनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
युवनेभ्यः (dative plural)
युवनात् (ablative singular)
युवनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
युवनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
युवनस्य (genitive singular)
युवनयोः (dual genitive)
युवनानाम् (genitive plural)
युवने (locative singular)
युवनयोः (dual locative)
युवनेषु (locative plural)
युवन (singular vocative)
युवनौ (dual vocative)
युवना1 (dual vocative)
युवनाः (plural vocative)
युवनासः1 (plural vocative)


देवनागरी

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देवनागरी • (devánāgarī) f

→ English: Devanagari

desc

→ Japanese: デーヴァナーガリー

→ Japanese: デーヴァナーガリー

/dɐj.ʋɐ́.nɑː.ɡɐ.ɾiː/

/d̪eː.ʋɐ.n̪ɑː.ɡɐ.ɾiː/


वृक

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वृक • (Vṛ́ka) m

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wŕ̥kas (“wolf”), from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬵𐬭𐬐𐬀 (vəhrka), Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎣 (v-r-k /varka/) (whence Persian گرگ (gorg)), Latin lupus, Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Lithuanian vilkas, Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), Old English ƿulf (whence English wolf). Native grammarians etymologize it as "the tearer" and connect it to root व्रश्च् (vraśc), whence वृक्ण (vṛkṇa).

मध्यदेश मध्यदेश#Sanskrit

वार्केण्य वार्केण्य#Sanskrit

(in the plural) name of a people and a country (belonging to मध्यदेश (madhya-deśa)) (compare वार्केण्य (vārkeṇya))


भीम

bhīma (romanization)
भीमः (nominative singular)
भीमौ (dual nominative)
भीमाः (nominative plural)
भीमम् (accusative singular)
भीमौ (accusative dual)
भीमान् (accusative plural)
भीमेन (instrumental singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भीमैः (instrumental plural)
भीमाय (dative singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भीमेभ्यः (dative plural)
भीमात् (ablative singular)
भीमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भीमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भीमस्य (genitive singular)
भीमयोः (dual genitive)
भीमानाम् (genitive plural)
भीमे (locative singular)
भीमयोः (dual locative)
भीमेषु (locative plural)
भीम (singular vocative)
भीमौ (dual vocative)
भीमाः (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: भीम (bhīm)

→ Marathi: भीम (bhīm)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: bhīma
Javanese: ꦧꦶꦩ (bima), ꦨꦶꦩ (Bima)
→ Balinese: ᬪᬷᬫ (Bima)

→ Telugu: భీముడు (bhīmuḍu)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂-mó-s, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to be afraid”). The Sanskrit root is भी (bhī).

(Hinduism) Bhīma, the second-eldest Pāṇḍava and one of the main protagonists in the Hindu epic Mahābhārata

जय भीम महाभाग त्रिरत्नशरणंगत ।
 जयोऽस्तु सततं तेषां ये भवन्ति तवानुगाः ॥

2012, भीमाम्बेडकरशतकम् [bhīmāmbeḍakaraśatakam], New Delhi: Central Sanskrit University, →ISBN, page 100:

Victory to you, illustrious Bhīma, who's refuge are the three gems [in Buddhism: Buddha, law and monastic brotherhood].
 May your followers always get continual victory.

(New Sanskrit) Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, an Indian economist, social reformer and political leader


कर्ण

karṇa (romanization)
कर्णः (nominative singular)
कर्णम् (accusative singular)
कर्णेन (instrumental singular)
कर्णाय (dative singular)
कर्णात् (ablative singular)
कर्णस्य (genitive singular)
कर्णे (locative singular)
कर्ण (singular vocative)

Of uncertain origin.
Likely related to Persian کر (kar, “deaf”), and perhaps to Old Church Slavonic крънъ (krŭnŭ, “mutilated (esp. of the ears and nose)”); however, Fraenkel's presupposition that "defect of the ear" was the original meaning of the common root and that Sanskrit later developed the more basal meaning of "ear" from the "defect" meaning is suspect.
Pischel takes the original meaning as "point, spike"; under this view, कर्णक (karṇaka, “lateral protrusion; fork”) could be related. However, a convincing etymological path for this has not been found.
Zupitsa connects this with Russian Church Slavonic črĕnъ, from a common root meaning "handle, grip".
Finally, others have connected this word to शृणोति (śṛṇóti, “to listen, hear”).

cog

(Hinduism) Karna, biological son of Kunti and Surya, adoptive son of Adhiratha and Radha


श्रवण

→ Tocharian B: Śāwaṃ

From श्रव्- (śrav-), variant of the root श्रु (śru, “to hear”) + -अन (-ana).

/ɕɾɐ́.ʋɐ.ɳɐ/


कामसूत्र

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कामसूत्र • (kā́ma-sūtra) n

kā́ma-sūtra (romanization)
कामसूत्रम् (nominative singular)
कामसूत्रे (dual nominative)
कामसूत्राणि (nominative plural)
कामसूत्रम् (accusative singular)
कामसूत्रे (accusative dual)
कामसूत्राणि (accusative plural)
कामसूत्रेण (instrumental singular)
कामसूत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कामसूत्रैः (instrumental plural)
कामसूत्राय (dative singular)
कामसूत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
कामसूत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
कामसूत्रात् (ablative singular)
कामसूत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कामसूत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कामसूत्रस्य (genitive singular)
कामसूत्रयोः (dual genitive)
कामसूत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
कामसूत्रे (locative singular)
कामसूत्रयोः (dual locative)
कामसूत्रेषु (locative plural)
कामसूत्र (singular vocative)
कामसूत्रे (dual vocative)
कामसूत्राणि (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

कामसूत्राभ्याम्

कामसूत्राभ्याम्

कामसूत्रेभ्यः

कामसूत्राभ्याम्

कामसूत्रेभ्यः

कामसूत्राणाम्


वायु

vāyú (romanization)
वायुः (nominative singular)
वायू (dual nominative)
वायवः (nominative plural)
वायुम् (accusative singular)
वायू (accusative dual)
वायून् (accusative plural)
वायुना (instrumental singular)
वाय्वा1 (instrumental singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वायुभिः (instrumental plural)
वायवे (dative singular)
वाय्वे1 (dative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (dative dual)
वायुभ्यः (dative plural)
वायोः (ablative singular)
वाय्वः1 (ablative singular)
वायुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वायुभ्यः (ablative plural)
वायोः (genitive singular)
वाय्वः1 (genitive singular)
वाय्वोः (dual genitive)
वायूनाम् (genitive plural)
वायौ (locative singular)
वाय्वोः (dual locative)
वायुषु (locative plural)
वायो (singular vocative)
वायू (dual vocative)
वायवः (plural vocative)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ވައި (vai)

Javanese: ꦧꦪꦸ (bayu)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀸𑀬𑀼 (vāyu)

→ Marathi: वायू (vāyū)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਵਾ (vā), ਵਾਓ (vāo), ਵਾਉ (vāu)

Pali: vāyu

→ Khmer: ព្យុះ (pyuh)

→ Lao: ພາຍຸ (ph)

→ Lü: ᦘᦍᦳ (phyu)

→ Malay: bayu

→ Thai: พายุ (paa-yú)

→ Assamese: বায়ু (bayu) (learned)

→ Bengali: বায়ু (baẏu) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: वायु (vāyu)

Urdu: وَایُو (vāyū)

→ Kannada: ವಾಯು (vāyu) (learned)

→ Tamil: வாயு (vāyu) (learned)

→ Telugu: వాయువు (vāyuvu) (learned)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš
Sanskrit वायु (vāyu)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwaHyúš, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁yús (“wind, air”), from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬎 (vaiiu), Lithuanian vejas.

inh

पीवो॑अन्नाँ रयि॒वृधः॑ सुमे॒धाः श्वे॒तः सि॑षक्ति नि॒युता॑मभि॒श्रीः ।
ते वा॒यवे॒ सम॑नसो॒ वि त॑स्थु॒र्विश्वेन्नरः॑ स्वप॒त्यानि॑ चक्रुः ॥
pī́voannām̐ rayivṛ́dhaḥ sumedhā́ḥ śvetáḥ siṣakti niyútāmabhiśrī́ḥ.
té vāyáve sámanaso ví tasthurvíśvénnáraḥ svapatyā́ni cakruḥ.

The white-complexioned Vāyu, intelligent, glorious with the Niyut steeds, favours those men who arewell fed, abounding in riches, for they with one mind stand everywhere, ready to worship him, and leaders of rites, they perform all the ceremonies, that are productive of excellent offspring.

vabbāpi

वाय्वापि (vāyvāpi, “friend of the wind”), see: वातापि (vātāpi, “same as vāyvāpi”)


ऋग्वेद

ṛgvedá (romanization)
ऋग्वेदः (nominative singular)
ऋग्वेदौ (dual nominative)
ऋग्वेदा1 (dual nominative)
ऋग्वेदाः (nominative plural)
ऋग्वेदासः1 (nominative plural)
ऋग्वेदम् (accusative singular)
ऋग्वेदौ (accusative dual)
ऋग्वेदा1 (accusative dual)
ऋग्वेदान् (accusative plural)
ऋग्वेदेन (instrumental singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋग्वेदैः (instrumental plural)
ऋग्वेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ऋग्वेदाय (dative singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋग्वेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋग्वेदात् (ablative singular)
ऋग्वेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋग्वेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋग्वेदस्य (genitive singular)
ऋग्वेदयोः (dual genitive)
ऋग्वेदानाम् (genitive plural)
ऋग्वेदे (locative singular)
ऋग्वेदयोः (dual locative)
ऋग्वेदेषु (locative plural)
ऋग्वेद (singular vocative)
ऋग्वेदौ (dual vocative)
ऋग्वेदा1 (dual vocative)
ऋग्वेदाः (plural vocative)
ऋग्वेदासः1 (plural vocative)

Pali: irubbeda

→ English: Rigveda

→ Hindi: ऋग्वेद (ŕgved)

→ Kannada: ಋಗ್ವೇದ (ṛgvēda)

→ Marathi: ऋग्वेद (rugved)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘲𑘐𑘿𑘪𑘹𑘟 (rīgveda)

desc

இருக்கு வேதம்

→ Tamil: இருக்கு வேதம் (irukku vētam)

Compound of ऋग् (ṛ́g, “verse”) + वेद (véda, “knowledge”).

com+

(Hinduism) Rigveda, first of the four Vedas.


अथर्ववेद

atharvavéda (romanization)
अथर्ववेदः (nominative singular)
अथर्ववेदौ (dual nominative)
अथर्ववेदा1 (dual nominative)
अथर्ववेदाः (nominative plural)
अथर्ववेदासः1 (nominative plural)
अथर्ववेदम् (accusative singular)
अथर्ववेदौ (accusative dual)
अथर्ववेदा1 (accusative dual)
अथर्ववेदान् (accusative plural)
अथर्ववेदेन (instrumental singular)
अथर्ववेदाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अथर्ववेदैः (instrumental plural)
अथर्ववेदेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अथर्ववेदाय (dative singular)
अथर्ववेदाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अथर्ववेदेभ्यः (dative plural)
अथर्ववेदात् (ablative singular)
अथर्ववेदाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अथर्ववेदेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अथर्ववेदस्य (genitive singular)
अथर्ववेदयोः (dual genitive)
अथर्ववेदानाम् (genitive plural)
अथर्ववेदे (locative singular)
अथर्ववेदयोः (dual locative)
अथर्ववेदेषु (locative plural)
अथर्ववेद (singular vocative)
अथर्ववेदौ (dual vocative)
अथर्ववेदा1 (dual vocative)
अथर्ववेदाः (plural vocative)
अथर्ववेदासः1 (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: অথর্ববেদ (othorbobed)

→ Gujarati: અથર્વવેદ (atharvaved)

→ Hindi: अथर्ववेद (atharvaved)

→ Kannada: ಅಥರ್ವವೇದ (atharvavēda)

→ Malayalam: അഥർവ്വവേദം (athaṟvvavēdaṁ)

→ Old Marathi: 𑘀𑘞𑘨𑘿𑘪𑘪𑘹𑘟 (atharvaveda)

Marathi: अथर्ववेद (atharvaved)

→ Punjabi: ਅਥਰਵਵੇਦ (atharvaved)

desc

அதர்வண வேதம்

→ Tamil: அதர்வண வேதம் (atarvaṇa vētam)

/ɐ.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐ.ʋɐ́j.dɐ/

/ɐ.t̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐ.ʋeː.d̪ɐ/

Compound of अथर्वन् (átharva, “Atharva”) + वेद (véda, “knowledge”).


नराशंस

head

नराशंस • (nárā-śáṃsa) m

nárā-śáṃsa (romanization)
नराशंसः (nominative singular)
नराशंसौ (dual nominative)
नराशंसा1 (dual nominative)
नराशंसाः (nominative plural)
नराशंसासः1 (nominative plural)
नराशंसम् (accusative singular)
नराशंसौ (accusative dual)
नराशंसा1 (accusative dual)
नराशंसान् (accusative plural)
नराशंसेन (instrumental singular)
नराशंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नराशंसैः (instrumental plural)
नराशंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
नराशंसाय (dative singular)
नराशंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
नराशंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
नराशंसात् (ablative singular)
नराशंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नराशंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
नराशंसस्य (genitive singular)
नराशंसयोः (dual genitive)
नराशंसानाम् (genitive plural)
नराशंसे (locative singular)
नराशंसयोः (dual locative)
नराशंसेषु (locative plural)
नराशंस (singular vocative)
नराशंसौ (dual vocative)
नराशंसा1 (dual vocative)
नराशंसाः (plural vocative)
नराशंसासः1 (plural vocative)

/n̪ɐ́.ɽɑː.ɕɐ̃́.s̪ɐ/

/n̪ɐ.ɽɑːˈɕɐ̃.s̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hnárāśánsas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnárāćánsas. Cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬋⸱𐬯𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (naⁱriiō.saŋha, “Nairyosangha”, literally “potent utterance”).

cog

𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬋⸱𐬯𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀

Possibly literally 'the desire or praise of men': a mystical name of Agni


लङ्का

laṅkā (romanization)
लङ्का (nominative singular)
लङ्के (dual nominative)
लङ्काः (nominative plural)
लङ्काम् (accusative singular)
लङ्के (accusative dual)
लङ्काः (accusative plural)
लङ्कया (instrumental singular)
लङ्काभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
लङ्काभिः (instrumental plural)
लङ्कायै (dative singular)
लङ्काभ्याम् (dative dual)
लङ्काभ्यः (dative plural)
लङ्कायाः (ablative singular)
लङ्काभ्याम् (ablative dual)
लङ्काभ्यः (ablative plural)
लङ्कायाः (genitive singular)
लङ्कयोः (dual genitive)
लङ्कानाम् (genitive plural)
लङ्कायाम् (locative singular)
लङ्कयोः (dual locative)
लङ्कासु (locative plural)
लङ्के (singular vocative)
लङ्के (dual vocative)
लङ्काः (plural vocative)

→ Hindi: लंका (laṅkā)

→ Pali: laṅkā

→ Sinhalese: ලංකා (laṁkā)

desc

→ Tamil: இலங்கை (ilaṅkai), லங்கை (laṅkai), லங்கா (laṅkā), லங்க (laṅka)

→ Malay: langgar لڠݢر

unknown

Of unexplained origin


वरुण

यच्चि॒द्धि ते॒ विशो॑ यथा॒ प्र दे॑व वरुण व्र॒तम् ।
मि॒नी॒मसि॒ द्यवि॑द्यवि ॥
yácciddhí te víśo yathā prá deva varuṇa vratám.
minīmási dyávidyavi.

In as much as all people commit errors, so do we, divine Varuṇa, daily disfigure your worship by imperfections.


पुराण

purāṇá (romanization)
पुराणम् (nominative singular)
पुराणे (dual nominative)
पुराणानि (nominative plural)
पुराणा1 (nominative plural)
पुराणम् (accusative singular)
पुराणे (accusative dual)
पुराणानि (accusative plural)
पुराणा1 (accusative plural)
पुराणेन (instrumental singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पुराणैः (instrumental plural)
पुराणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पुराणाय (dative singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पुराणेभ्यः (dative plural)
पुराणात् (ablative singular)
पुराणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पुराणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पुराणस्य (genitive singular)
पुराणयोः (dual genitive)
पुराणानाम् (genitive plural)
पुराणे (locative singular)
पुराणयोः (dual locative)
पुराणेषु (locative plural)
पुराण (singular vocative)
पुराणे (dual vocative)
पुराणानि (plural vocative)
पुराणा1 (plural vocative)

→ Bengali: পুরাণ (puran) (learned)

→ Gujarati: પુરાણ (purāṇ) (learned)

→ Hindi: पुराण (purāṇ) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಪುರಾಣ (purāṇa) (learned)

→ Malayalam: പുരാണം (purāṇaṁ) (learned)

→ Punjabi: ਪੁਰਾਣ (purāṇ) (learned)

→ Tamil: புராணம் (purāṇam) (learned)

→ Telugu: పురాణము (purāṇamu) (learned)

→ Sindhi: (learned) purāṇu

Arabic script: پُراڻُ

Devanagari script: पुराणु

/pu.ɾɑː.ɳɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hānás, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-o-nó-s, from *preh₂- (“before”). Cognate with Old Norse forn (“ancient”). See also पुरस् (puras, “before”), पुरा (purā, “formerly”).

Purana (one of several texts of an ancient genre of Hindu or Jain literature)

name of work (containing an index of the contents of a number of पद्म (padma) and some other works)


ब्रह्मन्

bráhman (romanization)
ब्रह्म (nominative singular)
ब्रह्म (accusative singular)
ब्रह्मणा (instrumental singular)
ब्रह्मणे (dative singular)
ब्रह्मणः (ablative singular)
ब्रह्मणः (genitive singular)
ब्रह्मणि (locative singular)
ब्रह्मन्1 (locative singular)
ब्रह्मन् (singular vocative)
ब्रह्म (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰráźʰ-ma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰráȷ́ʰ-ma, from a Schwebeablaut form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to become high, rise, elevate”) + *-mn̥.
Literally “growth”, “expansion”, “creation”, “development”, “swelling of the spirit or soul”. Cognate with Latin fortis. The Sanskrit root is बृह् (bṛh, “to increase”) + -मन् (-man), from the same Proto-Indo-European root above.
Alternatively, Mayrhofer prefers to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreǵʰ- and connect it to Old Norse bragr (“poetry”), whence Icelandic bragur (“poem; character”).
An older etymology presented the word as an exact cognate of Latin flāmen (“priest”); however, this is commonly considered spurious by modern authors.

inh

Brahman or the one self-existent impersonal Spirit, the one universal Soul, the Self-existent, the Absolute, the Eternal


ब्रह्मन्

brahman (romanization)
ब्रह्मा (nominative singular)
ब्रह्माणौ (dual nominative)
ब्रह्माणः (nominative plural)
ब्रह्माणम् (accusative singular)
ब्रह्माणौ (accusative dual)
ब्रह्मणः (accusative plural)
ब्रह्मणा (instrumental singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ब्रह्मभिः (instrumental plural)
ब्रह्मणे (dative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (dative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (dative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (ablative singular)
ब्रह्मभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ब्रह्मभ्यः (ablative plural)
ब्रह्मणः (genitive singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual genitive)
ब्रह्मणाम् (genitive plural)
ब्रह्मणि (locative singular)
ब्रह्मणोः (dual locative)
ब्रह्मसु (locative plural)
ब्रह्मन् (singular vocative)
ब्रह्माणौ (dual vocative)
ब्रह्माणः (plural vocative)

Brahmā or the one impersonal universal Spirit manifested as a personal Creator and as the first of the triad of personal gods


पलाल

palāla (romanization)
पलालः (nominative singular)
पलालौ (dual nominative)
पलालाः (nominative plural)
पलालम् (accusative singular)
पलालौ (accusative dual)
पलालान् (accusative plural)
पलालेन (instrumental singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलालैः (instrumental plural)
पलालाय (dative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलालात् (ablative singular)
पलालाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलालेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलालस्य (genitive singular)
पलालयोः (dual genitive)
पलालानाम् (genitive plural)
पलाले (locative singular)
पलालयोः (dual locative)
पलालेषु (locative plural)
पलाल (singular vocative)
पलालौ (dual vocative)
पलालाः (plural vocative)


पलित

palitá (romanization)
पलितः (nominative singular)
पलितौ (dual nominative)
पलिता1 (dual nominative)
पलिताः (nominative plural)
पलितासः1 (nominative plural)
पलितम् (accusative singular)
पलितौ (accusative dual)
पलिता1 (accusative dual)
पलितान् (accusative plural)
पलितेन (instrumental singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पलितैः (instrumental plural)
पलितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पलिताय (dative singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
पलितेभ्यः (dative plural)
पलितात् (ablative singular)
पलिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पलितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पलितस्य (genitive singular)
पलितयोः (dual genitive)
पलितानाम् (genitive plural)
पलिते (locative singular)
पलितयोः (dual locative)
पलितेषु (locative plural)
पलित (singular vocative)
पलितौ (dual vocative)
पलिता1 (dual vocative)
पलिताः (plural vocative)
पलितासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *palHtás ~ parHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *polH-tós, from *pelH- (“gray, pale”). Cognate with Latin pallidus, Ancient Greek πελιτνός (pelitnós), Old Armenian ալիք (alikʻ, “wave, gray hair”). Also compare Hurrian 𒉺𒊑𒋫𒀭𒉡 (pa-ri-ta-an-nu /parita-nnu/), an ancient borrowing from Old Indo-Aryan.


फेन

phéna (romanization)
फेनः (nominative singular)
फेनौ (dual nominative)
फेना1 (dual nominative)
फेनाः (nominative plural)
फेनासः1 (nominative plural)
फेनम् (accusative singular)
फेनौ (accusative dual)
फेना1 (accusative dual)
फेनान् (accusative plural)
फेनेन (instrumental singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
फेनैः (instrumental plural)
फेनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
फेनाय (dative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (dative plural)
फेनात् (ablative singular)
फेनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
फेनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
फेनस्य (genitive singular)
फेनयोः (dual genitive)
फेनानाम् (genitive plural)
फेने (locative singular)
फेनयोः (dual locative)
फेनेषु (locative plural)
फेन (singular vocative)
फेनौ (dual vocative)
फेना1 (dual vocative)
फेनाः (plural vocative)
फेनासः1 (plural vocative)

Pali: pheṇa

Dardic:

Kalasha: phénu

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ফেন (phen)

Bengali: ফেনা (phena)

→ Tamil: பேனம் (pēṉam)

→ Malayalam: ഫേനം (phēnaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-nh₂-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with Lithuanian spáinė, Russian пе́на (péna), Latin pūmex (“pumice”), spuma (“froth”), Old English fām (whence English foam).


पार्वती

/pɑːɾ.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

(Hinduism) Parvati, wife of Shiva, mother of Ganesha and Kartikeya.

a female given name commonly used in India


वृत्र

vṛtrá (romanization)
वृत्रः (nominative singular)
वृत्रौ (dual nominative)
वृत्रा1 (dual nominative)
वृत्राः (nominative plural)
वृत्रासः1 (nominative plural)
वृत्रम् (accusative singular)
वृत्रौ (accusative dual)
वृत्रा1 (accusative dual)
वृत्रान् (accusative plural)
वृत्रेण (instrumental singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वृत्रैः (instrumental plural)
वृत्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वृत्राय (dative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
वृत्रात् (ablative singular)
वृत्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वृत्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वृत्रस्य (genitive singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual genitive)
वृत्राणाम् (genitive plural)
वृत्रे (locative singular)
वृत्रयोः (dual locative)
वृत्रेषु (locative plural)
वृत्र (singular vocative)
वृत्रौ (dual vocative)
वृत्रा1 (dual vocative)
वृत्राः (plural vocative)
वृत्रासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥trás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥trás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀 (vər^əθra).

इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥
índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi.

Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.


ऋत

head

ऋत • (ṛtá) m

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).

रुद्र रुद्र#Sanskrit

मनु चाक्षुष
मनु चाक्षुष#Sanskrit

name of a son of मनु चाक्षुष (Manu Cākṣuṣ)


तनु

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *tanHúṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tanHúš, from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥h₂ús (“thin”). Cognate with Latin tenuis, Ancient Greek τανύω (tanúō), Old English þynne (whence English thin).

name of a rishi with a very emaciated body


मन्दार

Mandāra (romanization)
मन्दर (alternative)

हिरण्यकशिपु हिरण्यकशिपु#Sanskrit

name of a son of हिरण्यकशिपु (Hiraṇya-kaśipu)

विद्याधर विद्याधर#Sanskrit

name of a hermitage and desert spot on the right bank of the Ganges where there are said to be 11 sacred pools


सोम

sóma (romanization)
सोमः (nominative singular)
सोमौ (dual nominative)
सोमा1 (dual nominative)
सोमाः (nominative plural)
सोमासः1 (nominative plural)
सोमम् (accusative singular)
सोमौ (accusative dual)
सोमा1 (accusative dual)
सोमान् (accusative plural)
सोमेन (instrumental singular)
सोमाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सोमैः (instrumental plural)
सोमेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सोमाय (dative singular)
सोमाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सोमेभ्यः (dative plural)
सोमात् (ablative singular)
सोमाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सोमेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सोमस्य (genitive singular)
सोमयोः (dual genitive)
सोमानाम् (genitive plural)
सोमे (locative singular)
सोमयोः (dual locative)
सोमेषु (locative plural)
सोम (singular vocative)
सोमौ (dual vocative)
सोमा1 (dual vocative)
सोमाः (plural vocative)
सोमासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas (“soma”), from Proto-Indo-European *sówh₁-mo-s, from *sewh₁- (“to press (forth)”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma).

सोम॑ राजन्मृ॒ळया॑ नः स्व॒स्ति तव॑ स्मसि व्र॒त्या॒३॒॑स्तस्य॑ विद्धि।
अल॑र्ति॒ दक्ष॑ उ॒त म॒न्युरि॑न्दो॒ मा नो॑ अ॒र्यो अ॑नुका॒मं परा॑ दाः॥
sóma rājanmṛḷáyā naḥ svastí táva smasi vratyā̀stásya viddhi.

King Soma, bless us for our welfare; we worshippers are yours, do you recognize it; the enemy goesstrong and fierce, O Soma; give us not over to him as he desires.

álarti dákṣa utá manyúrindo mā́ no aryó anukāmáṃ párā dāḥ.


उषस्

uṣás (romanization)
उषाः (nominative singular)
उषसम् (accusative singular)
उषासम् (accusative singular)
उषाम् (accusative singular)
उषसा (instrumental singular)
उषसे (dative singular)
उषसः (ablative singular)
उषः (ablative singular)
उषसः (genitive singular)
उषः (genitive singular)
उषसि (locative singular)
उषः (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती ।
ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिणः॑ ॥
ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇaḥ.

Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.

Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri


हिमालय

himālaya (romanization)
हिमालयः (nominative singular)
हिमालयम् (accusative singular)
हिमालयेन (instrumental singular)
हिमालयाय (dative singular)
हिमालयात् (ablative singular)
हिमालयस्य (genitive singular)
हिमालये (locative singular)
हिमालय (singular vocative)

desc

→ Chinese: 喜馬拉雅 /喜马拉雅

→ Chinese: 喜馬拉雅 /喜马拉雅

→ Tamil: இமயம் (imayam)

→ Tibetan: ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ (hi ma la ya)

→ Assamese: হিমালয় (himaloy) (learned)

→ Bengali: হিমালয় (himaloẏ) (learned)

→ Gujarati: હિમાલય (himālya) (learned)

→ Hindustani: (learned)

Hindi: हिमालय (himālay)

Urdu: ہمالے (himāle)

→ Malayalam: ഹിമാലയം (himālayaṁ) (learned)

→ Marathi: हिमालय (himālay) (learned)

→ Nepali: हिमालय (himālaya) (learned)

→ Odia: ହିମାଳୟ (himāḷaya) (learned)

→ Telugu: హిమాలయము (himālayamu), హిమాలయం (himālayaṁ) (learned)

desctree

→ Urdu: ہمالیہ (himāliya) (semi-learned)
→ Arabic: هِمَالِيَة (himāliya)

→ English: Himalaya, Himmaleh (learned)

⇒ English: Himalayas

→ German: Himalaja (learned)

Compound of हिम (hima, “snow, frost”) + आलय (ālaya, “house, dwelling”).

com+

(Hinduism, mythology) Himalaya, the personified range, husband of Menaka and father of Parvati (wife of Shiva) and Ganga (the personified Ganges)


ब्राह्म

head

ब्राह्म • (brāhmá) m

From ब्रह्मन् (brahman), for which it is also the vrddhi form in compounds.

name of a man (son of Krishna and father of Maheshvara)

patronymic of Urdhva-nabhan and Rakshohan


गङ्गा

gaṅgā (romanization)
गङ्गा (nominative singular)
गङ्गाम् (accusative singular)
गङ्गया (instrumental singular)
गङ्गा1 (instrumental singular)
गङ्गायै (dative singular)
गङ्गायाः (ablative singular)
गङ्गायै2 (ablative singular)
गङ्गायाः (genitive singular)
गङ्गायै2 (genitive singular)
गङ्गायाम् (locative singular)
गङ्गे (singular vocative)
गंगा (alternative)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γάγγης (Gángēs)
Greek: Γάγγης (Gángis)
→ Latin: Gangēs
→ English: Ganges
French: Gange
→ Arabic: الْغَانْج (al-ḡānj)
→ Iranian Persian: گانْژ (gânž)
→ Turkish: Ganj
Italian: Gange
→ Polish: Ganges
Portuguese: Ganges
Spanish: Ganges
→ Old Armenian: Գանգէս (Gangēs)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṃgā)

Old Awadhi: 𑂏𑂰𑂀𑂏 (gām̐ga)

→ Assamese: গংগা (goṅga)

→ Bengali: গঙ্গা (goṅga)

→ Czech: Ganga

→ Dhivehi: ގަންގާ (gan̊gā)

→ Gujarati: ગંગા (gaṅgā)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

Urdu: گَن٘گا (gaṅgā)

→ Kannada: ಗಂಗಾ (gaṅgā)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Early Assamese: গাঙ্গ (gaṅgo)

Assamese: গাং (gaṅ)

Bengali: গাং (gaṅ)

Chakma: 𑄉𑄧𑄋 (gaṅā)

Sylheti: ꠉꠣꠋ (gaṅ)

→ Malayalam: ഗംഗ (gaṅga)

→ Marathi: गंगा (gaṅgā)

→ Middle Chinese: 恆伽 (MC hong gja)

Chinese: 恆伽 /恒伽 (Hénggā)

→ Japanese: 恒河 (こうが, kōga)

→ Korean: 항하 (hangha) (恒河)

→ Vietnamese: Hằng

→ Middle Persian:

Classical Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Iranian Persian: گَنْگ (gang)

Tajik: Ганг (Gang)

→ Arabic: الْكَنْك (al-kank)

→ Ottoman Turkish: كنك (Geng)

Turkish: Geng

→ Old Javanese:

Javanese: ꦒꦁꦒ (gangga)

→ Old Tamil:

Tamil: கங்கை (kaṅkai)

→ Odia: ଗଙ୍ଗା (gaṅgā)

Pali: gaṅgā

→ Burmese: ဂင်္ဂါ (gangga)

→ Khmer: គង្គា (kŭəngkiə)

→ Lao: ກັງກາ (kang kā)

→ Thai: คงคา (kong-kaa)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਗਾ (gaṅgā)

Shahmukhi script: گَن٘گا (gaṉgā)

→ Sindhi: گنگا

→ Sinhalese: ගංගා (gaṁgā)

→ Telugu: గంగ (gaṅga)

Probably from the root गम् (gam, “to go, move”), literally meaning "swift-goer". If a folk etymology, perhaps alternatively of substrate origin.

इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या।
अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या॥
imáṃ me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṃ sacatā páruṣṇyā́.
asiknyā́ marudvṛdhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śṛṇuhyā́ suṣómayā.

Accept this my praise, Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Sarasvatī, Śutudri, Paruṣṇi, Asiknī, Marudvṛdha and Vitastā; listen, Ārjikīya with Suṣomā.

(Vedic religion, Hinduism) the Ganges river personified as the goddess, Ganga


सरस्वती

sárasvatī (romanization)
सरस्वती (nominative singular)
सरस्वतीम् (accusative singular)
सरस्वत्या (instrumental singular)
सरस्वत्यै (dative singular)
सरस्वत्याः (ablative singular)
सरस्वत्यै1 (ablative singular)
सरस्वत्याः (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्यै1 (genitive singular)
सरस्वत्याम् (locative singular)
सरस्वति (singular vocative)

/s̪ɐ.ɾɐs̪.ʋɐ.t̪iː/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *SáraswatiH, from Proto-Indo-European *sélos. Equivalent to सरस् (sáras, “pond”) + -वती (-vatī, “-ful”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (haraxvaⁱtī), a region described to be rich in rivers, Old Persian 𐏃𐎼𐎢𐎺𐎫 (h-r-u-v-t /harauvati/), the Helmand river system.

cog

(Hinduism) Saraswati, the goddess of eloquence and learning

प्र क्षोद॑सा॒ धाय॑सा सस्र ए॒षा सर॑स्वती ध॒रुण॒माय॑सी॒ पूः ।
प्र॒बाब॑धाना र॒थ्ये॑व याति॒ विश्वा॑ अ॒पो म॑हि॒ना सिन्धु॑र॒न्याः ॥
prá kṣódasā dhā́yasā sasra eṣā́ sárasvatī dharúṇamā́yasī pū́ḥ.
prabā́badhānā rathyèva yāti víśvā apó mahinā́ síndhuranyā́ḥ.

This Sarasvatī, firm as a city made of metal, flows rapidly with all sustaining water, sweeping away in it might all other waters, as a charioteer clears the road.

(history, geography) the Saraswati river. Arguably, of which only a small stream remains as the Ghaggar River


राम

rāma (romanization)
रामः (nominative singular)
रामौ (dual nominative)
रामाः (nominative plural)
रामम् (accusative singular)
रामौ (accusative dual)
रामान् (accusative plural)
रामेण (instrumental singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रामैः (instrumental plural)
रामाय (dative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रामेभ्यः (dative plural)
रामात् (ablative singular)
रामाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रामेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रामस्य (genitive singular)
रामयोः (dual genitive)
रामाणाम् (genitive plural)
रामे (locative singular)
रामयोः (dual locative)
रामेषु (locative plural)
राम (singular vocative)
रामौ (dual vocative)
रामाः (plural vocative)

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀭𑀸𑀫 (rāma)

Old Marathi: 𑘨𑘰𑘦 (rāma)

Marathi: राम (rām)

→ Bengali: রাম (ram)

→ Burmese: ရာမ (rama.)

→ Chinese: 羅摩 /罗摩 (Luómó)

→ Hindi: राम (rām)

→ Kannada: ರಾಮ (rāma)

→ Khmer: រាម (riəm)

→ Lao: ຣາມ (rām)

→ Malay: Rama

desc

→ Malayalam: രാമൻ (rāmaṉ), രാമ (rāma), രാം (rāṁ), റാം (ṟāṁ)

→ Nepali: राम (rām)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: rāma
Javanese: ꦫꦩ (rama)
→ Indonesian: rama, romo (semantic loan)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬫ (rama)

→ Odia: ରାମ (rāma)

→ Punjabi: ਰਾਮ (rām)

→ Sinhalese: රාම (rāma)

→ Tamil: இராமர் (irāmar)

→ Telugu: రాముఁడు (rāmun̆ḍu)

→ Thai: ราม (raam)

Unknown; possibly related to Old English rōmiġ (“sooty”), presuming Proto-Indo-European *HreH-mó-s. Monier considers it to be a derivation from रम् (ram, “to enjoy; to stay”).

अद्य गच्छामहे राम सिद्धाश्रममनुत्तमम्।
तदाश्रमपदं तात तवाप्येतद्यथा मम॥
adya gacchāmahe rāma siddhāśramamanuttamam.
tadāśramapadaṃ tāta tavāpyetadyathā mama.

O child this asrama is the same to you as it is to me (treat this as your own).

O Rāma, now let's go to the unparalleled Siddhashrama.

(Hinduism) Rāma, son of Dasharatha and Kausalya, an avatar of Vishnu.

name of various mythical personages in the Vedas.


शिव

śiva (romanization)
शिवः (nominative singular)
शिवम् (accusative singular)
शिवेन (instrumental singular)
शिवाय (dative singular)
शिवात् (ablative singular)
शिवस्य (genitive singular)
शिवे (locative singular)
शिव (singular vocative)

According to the Uṇādi-sūtra i, 153, from verbal root शी (śī, “to lie down”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-. Alternatively from श्वि (śvi, “to swell”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-; compare शवस् (śavas, “strength, superiority”), सुशिश्वि (suśiśvi, “growing well”); cognate with Greek κύριος (kúrios, “lord”).
An earlier deity, रुद्र (rudra, “Rudra”), was often described with the adjective शिव (śivá, “auspicious”). शिव-रुद्र (śiva-rudra) was eventually shortened to शिव (śiva) in later Sanskrit, the name of the deity worshipped today.

ततो हरो जटी स्थाणुर्देवोऽध्वरपतिः शिवः।
जगाम शरणं देवो ब्रह्माणं परमेष्ठिनम॥
tato haro jaṭī sthāṇurdevoʼdhvarapatiḥ śivaḥ.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

jagāma śaraṇaṃ devo brahmāṇaṃ parameṣṭhinama.

अन्ये च ये समुत्पन्ना यथानुक्रमतो लयम् ॥
यांति नैव तथा रुद्रः शिवे रुद्रो विलीयते ॥
anye ca ye samutpannā yathānukramato layam.
yāṃti naiva tathā rudraḥ śive rudro vilīyate.

Other beings and gods who are born get dissolved in due order but not so Rudra. Rudra gets merged in Śiva.

(Hinduism) Shiva (the destroying and reproducing deity, third god of the Hindu trinity)

a second Shiva; especially emancipated; a class of such Brahmans


ऋद्धि

ṛddhi (romanization)
ऋद्धिः (nominative singular)
ऋद्धी (dual nominative)
ऋद्धयः (nominative plural)
ऋद्धिम् (accusative singular)
ऋद्धी (accusative dual)
ऋद्धीः (accusative plural)
ऋद्ध्या (instrumental singular)
ऋद्धी1 (instrumental singular)
ऋद्धिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ऋद्धिभिः (instrumental plural)
ऋद्धये (dative singular)
ऋद्ध्यै2 (dative singular)
ऋद्धी1 (dative singular)
ऋद्धिभ्याम् (dative dual)
ऋद्धिभ्यः (dative plural)
ऋद्धेः (ablative singular)
ऋद्ध्याः2 (ablative singular)
ऋद्ध्यै3 (ablative singular)
ऋद्धिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ऋद्धिभ्यः (ablative plural)
ऋद्धेः (genitive singular)
ऋद्ध्याः2 (genitive singular)
ऋद्ध्यै3 (genitive singular)
ऋद्ध्योः (dual genitive)
ऋद्धीनाम् (genitive plural)
ऋद्धौ (locative singular)
ऋद्ध्याम्2 (locative singular)
ऋद्धा1 (locative singular)
ऋद्ध्योः (dual locative)
ऋद्धिषु (locative plural)
ऋद्धे (singular vocative)
ऋद्धी (dual vocative)
ऋद्धयः (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ŕ̥dʰ-tis. Synchronically analysable as ऋध् (ṛdh, root) + -ति (-ti).


पर्जन्य

parjánya (romanization)
पर्जन्यः (nominative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (dual nominative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual nominative)
पर्जन्याः (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यासः1 (nominative plural)
पर्जन्यम् (accusative singular)
पर्जन्यौ (accusative dual)
पर्जन्या1 (accusative dual)
पर्जन्यान् (accusative plural)
पर्जन्येन (instrumental singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पर्जन्यैः (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पर्जन्याय (dative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (dative plural)
पर्जन्यात् (ablative singular)
पर्जन्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पर्जन्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
पर्जन्यस्य (genitive singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual genitive)
पर्जन्यानाम् (genitive plural)
पर्जन्ये (locative singular)
पर्जन्ययोः (dual locative)
पर्जन्येषु (locative plural)
पर्जन्य (singular vocative)
पर्जन्यौ (dual vocative)
पर्जन्या1 (dual vocative)
पर्जन्याः (plural vocative)
पर्जन्यासः1 (plural vocative)

[pɐɾ.d͡ʑɐ́j̃.jɐ]

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pregʰ- (“to scatter, to jerk”), see also Latin spurcus, Old Irish arg (“a drop”), Lithuanian sprogti (“a bud, a shoot”), Northern Sami sprygg (“active, brisk”), Old Norse freknur (“speckles”) (whence English freckle), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬈𐬔𐬀 (fra-sparega, “twig, branch, something jerked off of a tree”), Latin spargo.

cog

(Vedic religion) rain personified or the god of rain (often identified with Indra)


शरण

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śaranás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćaranás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”). Cognate with Latin color, Proto-Germanic *helmaz (whence English helmet, also partially derived from Old French). Compare also English color, a word derived from Latin.


कामदेव

kā́ma-deva (romanization)
कामदेवः (nominative singular)
कामदेवौ (dual nominative)
कामदेवाः (nominative plural)
कामदेवम् (accusative singular)
कामदेवौ (accusative dual)
कामदेवान् (accusative plural)
कामदेवेन (instrumental singular)
कामदेवाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कामदेवैः (instrumental plural)
कामदेवाय (dative singular)
कामदेवाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कामदेवेभ्यः (dative plural)
कामदेवात् (ablative singular)
कामदेवाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कामदेवेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कामदेवस्य (genitive singular)
कामदेवयोः (dual genitive)
कामदेवानाम् (genitive plural)
कामदेवे (locative singular)
कामदेवयोः (dual locative)
कामदेवेषु (locative plural)
कामदेव (singular vocative)
कामदेवौ (dual vocative)
कामदेवाः (plural vocative)

sa-decl-noun/cell

कामदेवाभ्याम्

कामदेवाभ्याम्

कामदेवाभ्याम्

जयन्तीपुरी जयन्तीपुरी#Sanskrit

name of a king of जयन्तीपुरी (jayantī-purī)

प्रायश्चित्तपद्धति प्रायश्चित्तपद्धति#Sanskrit

name of the author of the प्रायश्चित्तपद्धति (prāyaścitta-paddhati)


सिद्धार्थ

siddhārtha (romanization)
सिद्धार्थः (nominative singular)
सिद्धार्थम् (accusative singular)
सिद्धार्थेन (instrumental singular)
सिद्धार्थाय (dative singular)
सिद्धार्थात् (ablative singular)
सिद्धार्थस्य (genitive singular)
सिद्धार्थे (locative singular)
सिद्धार्थ (singular vocative)

/s̪id̪.d̪ʱɑːɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

[s̪id̪̚.d̪ʱɑːɾ.t̪ʰɐ]

Compound of सिद्ध (siddha, “accomplished”) + अर्थ (ártha, “aim”).

com+

Siddhārtha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism


हर

→ English: Hara

desc

→ Malayalam: അരൻ (araṉ), ഹരൻ (haraṉ) — tatsama

→ Tamil: அரன் (araṉ)

→ Telugu: హరుడు (haruḍu)

(Hinduism) ‘Seizer’, ‘Destroyer’, name of शिव


क्रोश

head

क्रोश • (króśa) n

króśa (romanization)
क्रोशम् (nominative singular)
क्रोशे (dual nominative)
क्रोशानि (nominative plural)
क्रोशा1 (nominative plural)
क्रोशम् (accusative singular)
क्रोशे (accusative dual)
क्रोशानि (accusative plural)
क्रोशा1 (accusative plural)
क्रोशेन (instrumental singular)
क्रोशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्रोशैः (instrumental plural)
क्रोशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्रोशाय (dative singular)
क्रोशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्रोशेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्रोशात् (ablative singular)
क्रोशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्रोशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्रोशस्य (genitive singular)
क्रोशयोः (dual genitive)
क्रोशानाम् (genitive plural)
क्रोशे (locative singular)
क्रोशयोः (dual locative)
क्रोशेषु (locative plural)
क्रोश (singular vocative)
क्रोशे (dual vocative)
क्रोशानि (plural vocative)
क्रोशा1 (plural vocative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć-
Sanskrit क्रुश् (kruś)
Sanskrit -अ (-a)
Sanskrit क्रोश (krośa)
From the root क्रुश् (kruś, “to cry out, shriek, call out”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć- (“to cry, to call out”).
Cognate with Middle Persian [script needed] (hlws /xrōs/, “rooster, cock”), Classical Persian خروش (xuroš, “loud cry; mourning”). Related to Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 𐬎𐬞𐬁 (xraosəṇtąm upā), Younger Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xraosiieⁱti, “to call out, cry”), Middle Persian [script needed] (hlwstn' /xrōstan/, “to call, cry”), Parthian xrws (“to call out”).

cog

𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬄𐬨 𐬎𐬞𐬁


रुचि

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रुचि • (rúci) f

name of a Prajā-pati (the husband of Ākūti and father of Yajña or Su-yajña and of Manu Raucya)


मैत्रेय

maitreya (romanization)
मैत्रेयः (nominative singular)
मैत्रेयम् (accusative singular)
मैत्रेयेण (instrumental singular)
मैत्रेयाय (dative singular)
मैत्रेयात् (ablative singular)
मैत्रेयस्य (genitive singular)
मैत्रेये (locative singular)
मैत्रेय (singular vocative)

Vṛddhi derivative of मैत्री (maitrī) with a -य (-ya) extension.

vrd-ya

(Buddhism) Maitreya, a bodhisattva, who is said to be the future Buddha of Buddhism


द्युम्न

dyumná (romanization)
द्युम्नः (nominative singular)
द्युम्नौ (dual nominative)
द्युम्ना1 (dual nominative)
द्युम्नाः (nominative plural)
द्युम्नासः1 (nominative plural)
द्युम्नम् (accusative singular)
द्युम्नौ (accusative dual)
द्युम्ना1 (accusative dual)
द्युम्नान् (accusative plural)
द्युम्नेन (instrumental singular)
द्युम्नाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्युम्नैः (instrumental plural)
द्युम्नेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्युम्नाय (dative singular)
द्युम्नाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्युम्नेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्युम्नात् (ablative singular)
द्युम्नाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्युम्नेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्युम्नस्य (genitive singular)
द्युम्नयोः (dual genitive)
द्युम्नानाम् (genitive plural)
द्युम्ने (locative singular)
द्युम्नयोः (dual locative)
द्युम्नेषु (locative plural)
द्युम्न (singular vocative)
द्युम्नौ (dual vocative)
द्युम्ना1 (dual vocative)
द्युम्नाः (plural vocative)
द्युम्नासः1 (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyumnám, from *dyā́wš (“sky, heaven”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (diuuamna).

सामन् सामन्#Sanskrit

name of an author of the 5th Mandala of the Rigveda, of a सामन् (sāman) (ĀrshBr.)

name of a son of Manu and Naḍvalā (BhP..)


विकिपीडिया

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विकिपीडिया • (vikipīḍiyā)

sa:विकिपीडिया


संजय

saṃjaya (romanization)
संजयः (nominative singular)
संजयौ (dual nominative)
संजयाः (nominative plural)
संजयम् (accusative singular)
संजयौ (accusative dual)
संजयान् (accusative plural)
संजयेन (instrumental singular)
संजयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
संजयैः (instrumental plural)
संजयाय (dative singular)
संजयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
संजयेभ्यः (dative plural)
संजयात् (ablative singular)
संजयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
संजयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
संजयस्य (genitive singular)
संजययोः (dual genitive)
संजयानाम् (genitive plural)
संजये (locative singular)
संजययोः (dual locative)
संजयेषु (locative plural)
संजय (singular vocative)
संजयौ (dual vocative)
संजयाः (plural vocative)
सञ्जय (alternative)

/sɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.jɐ́/

/s̪ɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.jɐ/

Compound of सं- (saṃ-, “wholly”) + जय (jayá, “victory”).

com+

Sanjaya, the advisor and charioteer of Dhritarashtra


सञ्जय

sañjaya (romanization)
सञ्जयः (nominative singular)
सञ्जयौ (dual nominative)
सञ्जयाः (nominative plural)
सञ्जयम् (accusative singular)
सञ्जयौ (accusative dual)
सञ्जयान् (accusative plural)
सञ्जयेन (instrumental singular)
सञ्जयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सञ्जयैः (instrumental plural)
सञ्जयाय (dative singular)
सञ्जयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सञ्जयेभ्यः (dative plural)
सञ्जयात् (ablative singular)
सञ्जयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सञ्जयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सञ्जयस्य (genitive singular)
सञ्जययोः (dual genitive)
सञ्जयानाम् (genitive plural)
सञ्जये (locative singular)
सञ्जययोः (dual locative)
सञ्जयेषु (locative plural)
सञ्जय (singular vocative)
सञ्जयौ (dual vocative)
सञ्जयाः (plural vocative)

/sɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.jɐ́/

/s̪ɐɲ.d͡ʑɐ.jɐ/

pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

pronunciation spelling of संजय (saṃjaya)


काली

kālī (romanization)
काली (nominative singular)
काल्यौ (dual nominative)
काली1 (dual nominative)
काल्यः (nominative plural)
कालीः1 (nominative plural)
कालीम् (accusative singular)
काल्यौ (accusative dual)
काली1 (accusative dual)
कालीः (accusative plural)
काल्या (instrumental singular)
कालीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कालीभिः (instrumental plural)
काल्यै (dative singular)
कालीभ्याम् (dative dual)
कालीभ्यः (dative plural)
काल्याः (ablative singular)
काल्यै2 (ablative singular)
कालीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कालीभ्यः (ablative plural)
काल्याः (genitive singular)
काल्यै2 (genitive singular)
काल्योः (dual genitive)
कालीनाम् (genitive plural)
काल्याम् (locative singular)
काल्योः (dual locative)
कालीषु (locative plural)
कालि (singular vocative)
काल्यौ (dual vocative)
काली1 (dual vocative)
काल्यः (plural vocative)
कालीः1 (plural vocative)

Assamese: কালী (kali)

Bengali: কালী (kali)

Chinese: 迦梨 (Jiālí)

English: Kali

Gujarati: કાલિ (kāli)

Hindi: काली (kālī)

Malayalam: കാളി (kāḷi)

Marathi: काली (kālī)

Burmese: ကာလီ (kali)

Nepali: काली (kālī)

Newar: काली (kālī)

Punjabi: ਕਾਲੀ (kālī)

Sindhi: ڪالي

Sinhalese: කාලී (kālī)

Tamil: காளி (kāḷi)

Telugu: కాళి (kāḷi)

Thai: กาลี (gaa-lii)

From काल (kāla, “blackness”) + -ई (-ī), from Proto-Dravidian *kār-.

(Hinduism) Kali (the most terrifying goddess, wife of Shiva, identified as Parvati in her benevolent aspect)

kālāñjanī कालाञ्जनी

one of the seven tongues or flames of fire

name of a female evil spirit (mother of the Kalakeyas)

Vidyadevi विद्यादेवी


आकाशगङ्गा

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आकाशगङ्गा • (ākāśagaṅgā)

→ Bengali: আকাশগঙ্গা (akaśgoṅga)

→ Gujarati: આકાશગંગા (ākāśgaṅgā)

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→ Hindi: आकाशगंगा (ākāśgaṅgā)

→ Hindi: आकाशगंगा (ākāśgaṅgā)

→ Punjabi: ਆਕਾਸ਼ਗੰਗਾ (ākāśgaṅgā)

→ Punjabi: ਆਕਾਸ਼ਗੰਗਾ (ākāśgaṅgā)

आकाश (ākāśa, “sky”) + गङ्गा (gaṅgā, “river”).

af

A name for a component of the river Ganga in lore, the component which flows in the heavens.