"इष्णाति" meaning in Sanskrit

See इष्णाति in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /iʂ.ɳɑ́ː.ti/ [Vedic], /iʂˈɳɑː.t̪i/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti. Etymology templates: {{root|sa|ine-pro|*h₁eysh₂-}}, {{dercat|sa|iir-pro|inc-pro|inh=2}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*h₁eysh₂-|*h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti, {{inh+|sa|ine-pro|*h₁eysh₂-|*h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti}} Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti Head templates: {{sa-verb|इष्|9|P|present|tr=iṣṇā́ti}} इष्णाति • (iṣṇā́ti) third-singular present indicative (root इष्, class 9, type P, present) Inflection templates: {{sa-conj|pres|iṣṇā́ti|iṣṇánti}}, {{sa-conj|impf|aíṣṇāt|aíṣṇan}} Forms: iṣṇā́ti [romanization], इष् [root], no-table-tags [table-tags], इष्णाति [present], इष्णीते [present], इष्णाति [active, indicative, singular, third-person], इष्णीतः [active, dual, indicative, third-person], इष्णन्ति [active, indicative, plural, third-person], इष्णीते [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, singular, third-person], इष्णाते [dual, error-unrecognized-form, indicative, third-person], इष्णते [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, plural, third-person], इष्णासि [active, indicative, second-person, singular], इष्णीथः [active, dual, indicative, second-person], इष्णीथ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], इष्णीषे [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, second-person, singular], इष्णाथे [dual, error-unrecognized-form, indicative, second-person], इष्णीध्वे [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, plural, second-person], इष्णामि [active, first-person, indicative, singular], इष्णीवः [active, dual, first-person, indicative], इष्णीमः [active, first-person, indicative, plural], इष्णे [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative, singular], इष्णीवहे [dual, error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative], इष्णीमहे [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative, plural], इष्णातु [active, imperative, singular, third-person], इष्णीताम् [active, dual, imperative, third-person], इष्णन्तु [active, imperative, plural, third-person], इष्णीताम् [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, singular, third-person], इष्णाताम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, imperative, third-person], इष्णताम् [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, plural, third-person], इषाण [active, imperative, second-person, singular], इष्णीतम् [active, dual, imperative, second-person], इष्णीत [active, imperative, plural, second-person], इष्णीष्व [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, second-person, singular], इष्णाथाम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, imperative, second-person], इष्णीध्वम् [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, plural, second-person], इष्णानि [active, first-person, imperative, singular], इष्णाव [active, dual, first-person, imperative], इष्णाम [active, first-person, imperative, plural], इष्णै [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative, singular], इष्णावहै [dual, error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative], इष्णामहै [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative, plural], इष्णीयात् [active, imperative, singular, third-person], इष्णीयाताम् [active, dual, imperative, third-person], इष्णीयुः [active, imperative, plural, third-person], इष्णीत [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, singular, third-person], इष्णीयाताम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, imperative, third-person], इष्णीरन् [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, plural, third-person], इष्णीयाः [active, imperative, second-person, singular], इष्णीयातम् [active, dual, imperative, second-person], इष्णीयात [active, imperative, plural, second-person], इष्णीथाः [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, second-person, singular], इष्णीयाथाम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, imperative, second-person], इष्णीयाम् [active, first-person, imperative, singular], इष्णीयाव [active, dual, first-person, imperative], इष्णीयाम [active, first-person, imperative, plural], इष्णीय [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative, singular], इष्णीवहि [dual, error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative], इष्णीमहि [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, imperative, plural], इष्णत् [active, participle], इष्णान [error-unrecognized-form, participle], no-table-tags [table-tags], ऐष्णात् [imperfect], ऐष्णीत [imperfect], ऐष्णात् [active, indicative, singular, third-person], ऐष्णीताम् [active, dual, indicative, third-person], ऐष्णन् [active, indicative, plural, third-person], ऐष्णीत [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, singular, third-person], ऐष्णाताम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, indicative, third-person], ऐष्णत [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, plural, third-person], ऐष्णाः [active, indicative, second-person, singular], ऐष्णीतम् [active, dual, indicative, second-person], ऐष्णीत [active, indicative, plural, second-person], ऐष्णीथाः [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, second-person, singular], ऐष्णाथाम् [dual, error-unrecognized-form, indicative, second-person], ऐष्णीध्वम् [error-unrecognized-form, indicative, plural, second-person], ऐष्णाम् [active, first-person, indicative, singular], ऐष्णीव [active, dual, first-person, indicative], ऐष्णीम [active, first-person, indicative, plural], ऐष्णि [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative, singular], ऐष्णीवहि [dual, error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative], ऐष्णीमहि [error-unrecognized-form, first-person, indicative, plural]
  1. to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing Tags: class-9, present, type-p
    Sense id: en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-J7KyHWC0 Categories (other): Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष् Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष्: 51 13 19 17
  2. to impel, incite, animate, promote Tags: class-9, present, type-p
    Sense id: en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-UW2s2he3
  3. to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge Tags: class-9, present, type-p
    Sense id: en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-cl~fmsJA Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 21 20 44 14 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 19 12 55 13
  4. to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim Tags: class-9, present, type-p
    Sense id: en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-B~cTvwSx

Download JSON data for इष्णाति meaning in Sanskrit (15.2kB)

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      "form": "इष्णाति",
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      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
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    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णन्ति",
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      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
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        "plural",
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    {
      "form": "इष्णीते",
      "roman": "iṣṇīté",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाते",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́te",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
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        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णते",
      "roman": "iṣṇáte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णासि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́si",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीथः",
      "roman": "iṣṇītháḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
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      "form": "इष्णीथ",
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      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीषे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīṣé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाथे",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́the",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
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        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
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    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीध्वे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīdhvé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णामि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́mi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णे",
      "roman": "iṣṇé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवहे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváhe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमहे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáhe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णातु",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́tu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णन्तु",
      "roman": "iṣṇántu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇátām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इषाण",
      "roman": "iṣāṇá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीतम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीत",
      "roman": "iṣṇītá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीष्व",
      "roman": "iṣṇīṣvá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाथाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́thām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीध्वम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīdhvám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णानि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाव",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́va",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाम",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णै",
      "roman": "iṣṇaí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णावहै",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́vahai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णामहै",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́mahai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयात्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́t",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयुः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyúḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीत",
      "roman": "iṣṇītá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीरन्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīrán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयातम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयात",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीथाः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīthā́ḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाथाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́thām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाव",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́va",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाम",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीय",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवहि",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमहि",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णत्",
      "roman": "iṣṇát",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णान",
      "roman": "iṣṇāná",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णात्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णात्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇītām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णन्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाताम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇātām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाः",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीतम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇītam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीथाः",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīthāḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाथाम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāthām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीध्वम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīdhvam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीव",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीम",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीवहि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīvahi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीमहि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīmahi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "इष्",
        "2": "9",
        "3": "P",
        "4": "present",
        "tr": "iṣṇā́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "इष्णाति • (iṣṇā́ti) third-singular present indicative (root इष्, class 9, type P, present)",
      "name": "sa-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "iṣṇā́ti",
        "3": "iṣṇánti"
      },
      "name": "sa-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "aíṣṇāt",
        "3": "aíṣṇan"
      },
      "name": "sa-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 13 19 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष्",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing"
      ],
      "id": "en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-J7KyHWC0",
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "quickly",
          "quickly"
        ],
        [
          "fly",
          "fly"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ],
        [
          "swing",
          "swing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to impel, incite, animate, promote"
      ],
      "id": "en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-UW2s2he3",
      "links": [
        [
          "impel",
          "impel"
        ],
        [
          "incite",
          "incite"
        ],
        [
          "animate",
          "animate"
        ],
        [
          "promote",
          "promote"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 20 44 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 12 55 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge"
      ],
      "id": "en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-cl~fmsJA",
      "links": [
        [
          "send",
          "send"
        ],
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "pour",
          "pour"
        ],
        [
          "discharge",
          "discharge"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim"
      ],
      "id": "en-इष्णाति-sa-verb-B~cTvwSx",
      "links": [
        [
          "deliver",
          "deliver"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech"
        ],
        [
          "announce",
          "announce"
        ],
        [
          "proclaim",
          "proclaim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iʂ.ɳɑ́ː.ti/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iʂˈɳɑː.t̪i/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इष्णाति"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Sanskrit class 9 verbs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs",
    "Sanskrit present verbs",
    "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root इष्",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁eysh₂-",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit verbs",
    "Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁eysh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "inc-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
        "4": "*h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁eysh₂-",
        "4": "*h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁is-né-h₂-ti ~ *h₁is-n-h₂-énti.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "iṣṇā́ti",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्",
      "tags": [
        "root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाति",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीते",
      "roman": "iṣṇīté",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाति",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीतः",
      "roman": "iṣṇītáḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णन्ति",
      "roman": "iṣṇánti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीते",
      "roman": "iṣṇīté",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाते",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́te",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णते",
      "roman": "iṣṇáte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णासि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́si",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीथः",
      "roman": "iṣṇītháḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीथ",
      "roman": "iṣṇīthá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीषे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīṣé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाथे",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́the",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीध्वे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīdhvé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णामि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́mi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णे",
      "roman": "iṣṇé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवहे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváhe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमहे",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáhe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णातु",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́tu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णन्तु",
      "roman": "iṣṇántu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇátām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इषाण",
      "roman": "iṣāṇá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीतम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇītám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीत",
      "roman": "iṣṇītá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीष्व",
      "roman": "iṣṇīṣvá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाथाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́thām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीध्वम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīdhvám",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णानि",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाव",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́va",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णाम",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́ma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णै",
      "roman": "iṣṇaí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णावहै",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́vahai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णामहै",
      "roman": "iṣṇā́mahai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयात्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́t",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयुः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyúḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीत",
      "roman": "iṣṇītá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाताम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीरन्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīrán",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयातम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́tam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयात",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीथाः",
      "roman": "iṣṇīthā́ḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाथाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́thām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाम्",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाव",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́va",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीयाम",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyā́ma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीय",
      "roman": "iṣṇīyá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीवहि",
      "roman": "iṣṇīváhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णीमहि",
      "roman": "iṣṇīmáhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णत्",
      "roman": "iṣṇát",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "इष्णान",
      "roman": "iṣṇāná",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णात्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णात्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीताम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇītām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णन्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाताम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇātām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇata",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाः",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीतम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇītam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीत",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीथाः",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīthāḥ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाथाम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇāthām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीध्वम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīdhvam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णाम्",
      "roman": "aíṣṇām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीव",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīva",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीम",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीवहि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīvahi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ऐष्णीमहि",
      "roman": "aíṣṇīmahi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "इष्",
        "2": "9",
        "3": "P",
        "4": "present",
        "tr": "iṣṇā́ti"
      },
      "expansion": "इष्णाति • (iṣṇā́ti) third-singular present indicative (root इष्, class 9, type P, present)",
      "name": "sa-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pres",
        "2": "iṣṇā́ti",
        "3": "iṣṇánti"
      },
      "name": "sa-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "aíṣṇāt",
        "3": "aíṣṇan"
      },
      "name": "sa-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cause to move quickly, let fly, throw, cast, swing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "quickly",
          "quickly"
        ],
        [
          "fly",
          "fly"
        ],
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ],
        [
          "cast",
          "cast"
        ],
        [
          "swing",
          "swing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to impel, incite, animate, promote"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impel",
          "impel"
        ],
        [
          "incite",
          "incite"
        ],
        [
          "animate",
          "animate"
        ],
        [
          "promote",
          "promote"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to send out or off, stream out, pour out, discharge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "send",
          "send"
        ],
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "pour",
          "pour"
        ],
        [
          "discharge",
          "discharge"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to deliver (a speech), announce, proclaim"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deliver",
          "deliver"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech"
        ],
        [
          "announce",
          "announce"
        ],
        [
          "proclaim",
          "proclaim"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-9",
        "present",
        "type-p"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/iʂ.ɳɑ́ː.ti/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iʂˈɳɑː.t̪i/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "इष्णाति"
}

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}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.