"पुनर्" meaning in Sanskrit

See पुनर् in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /pú.nɐɾ/ [Vedic], /ˈpu.n̪ɐɾ/ [Classical-Sanskrit] Forms: púnar [romanization]
Etymology: Of uncertain origin. The word stands out as having no clear phonetic or semantic connections to other words within Sanskrit or other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages. However, the word structure does not suggest either a Dravidian or Munda origin, and the word's Vedic attestation makes an autochthonous substrate origin even less likely. The Proto-Indo-Aryan form is not even certain, as the u could have originally been an a, which was backed into a u after the labial p, in addition to the word possibly undergoing dissimilation, metathesis, and other sound changes throughout its history. Mayrhofer's preferred theory is to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), and compares Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”) and German von (“from”). However, as he suggests, the semantic evidence is neither convincing nor unconvincing, due to the very basic meaning of the Proto-Indo-European word, and the potential phantom phonetic shifts noted above make analysis problematic. Another theory connects the word to Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”), which would make the word a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”). This is an exact semantic match, but the phonetics are difficult to resolve. However, due to the murky phonetic history of the word, this derivation still remains in discussion. Etymology templates: {{unc|sa|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|sa|ine-pro|*h₂epo|t=off, away}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), {{cog|grc|πύματος|t=last, nethermost}} Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”), {{cog|de|von|t=from}} German von (“from”), {{cog|grc|πᾰ́λῐν|t=back, again}} Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”), {{der|sa|ine-pro|*kʷel-|t=to revolve}} Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”) Head templates: {{head|sa|adverb|tr=púnar}} पुनर् • (púnar)
  1. back, to home
    Sense id: en-पुनर्-sa-adv-RvJEfd5W
  2. again, once more
    Sense id: en-पुनर्-sa-adv-Kp~cp-9V Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 0 94 0 6 0 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 6 76 6 7 6
  3. repeatedly
    Sense id: en-पुनर्-sa-adv-1ugP-P3K
  4. moreover, furthermore
    Sense id: en-पुनर्-sa-adv-B-f0ic90
  5. however, still
    Sense id: en-पुनर्-sa-adv--Dqtsx7a
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂epo",
        "t": "off, away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πύματος",
        "t": "last, nethermost"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "von",
        "t": "from"
      },
      "expansion": "German von (“from”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πᾰ́λῐν",
        "t": "back, again"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-",
        "t": "to revolve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nThe word stands out as having no clear phonetic or semantic connections to other words within Sanskrit or other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages. However, the word structure does not suggest either a Dravidian or Munda origin, and the word's Vedic attestation makes an autochthonous substrate origin even less likely. The Proto-Indo-Aryan form is not even certain, as the u could have originally been an a, which was backed into a u after the labial p, in addition to the word possibly undergoing dissimilation, metathesis, and other sound changes throughout its history.\nMayrhofer's preferred theory is to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), and compares Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”) and German von (“from”). However, as he suggests, the semantic evidence is neither convincing nor unconvincing, due to the very basic meaning of the Proto-Indo-European word, and the potential phantom phonetic shifts noted above make analysis problematic.\nAnother theory connects the word to Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”), which would make the word a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”). This is an exact semantic match, but the phonetics are difficult to resolve. However, due to the murky phonetic history of the word, this derivation still remains in discussion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "púnar",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adverb",
        "tr": "púnar"
      },
      "expansion": "पुनर् • (púnar)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he goes back",
          "roman": "punar gacchati",
          "text": "पुनर् गच्छति",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I restore, give back",
          "roman": "punar dadāmi",
          "text": "पुनर् ददामि",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back, to home"
      ],
      "id": "en-पुनर्-sa-adv-RvJEfd5W",
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "home",
          "home"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 94 0 6 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 76 6 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "she is reborn, married again",
          "roman": "punar bhavati",
          "text": "पुनर् भवति",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "again, once more"
      ],
      "id": "en-पुनर्-sa-adv-Kp~cp-9V",
      "links": [
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ],
        [
          "once more",
          "once more"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "repeatedly"
      ],
      "id": "en-पुनर्-sa-adv-1ugP-P3K",
      "links": [
        [
          "repeatedly",
          "repeatedly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "moreover, furthermore"
      ],
      "id": "en-पुनर्-sa-adv-B-f0ic90",
      "links": [
        [
          "moreover",
          "moreover"
        ],
        [
          "furthermore",
          "furthermore"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "however, still"
      ],
      "id": "en-पुनर्-sa-adv--Dqtsx7a",
      "links": [
        [
          "however",
          "however"
        ],
        [
          "still",
          "still"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pú.nɐɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpu.n̪ɐɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "पुनर्"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit adverbs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂epo",
        "t": "off, away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πύματος",
        "t": "last, nethermost"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "von",
        "t": "from"
      },
      "expansion": "German von (“from”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "πᾰ́λῐν",
        "t": "back, again"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-",
        "t": "to revolve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nThe word stands out as having no clear phonetic or semantic connections to other words within Sanskrit or other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages. However, the word structure does not suggest either a Dravidian or Munda origin, and the word's Vedic attestation makes an autochthonous substrate origin even less likely. The Proto-Indo-Aryan form is not even certain, as the u could have originally been an a, which was backed into a u after the labial p, in addition to the word possibly undergoing dissimilation, metathesis, and other sound changes throughout its history.\nMayrhofer's preferred theory is to derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epo (“off, away”), and compares Ancient Greek πύματος (púmatos, “last, nethermost”) and German von (“from”). However, as he suggests, the semantic evidence is neither convincing nor unconvincing, due to the very basic meaning of the Proto-Indo-European word, and the potential phantom phonetic shifts noted above make analysis problematic.\nAnother theory connects the word to Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pắlĭn, “back, again”), which would make the word a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to revolve”). This is an exact semantic match, but the phonetics are difficult to resolve. However, due to the murky phonetic history of the word, this derivation still remains in discussion.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "púnar",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "adverb",
        "tr": "púnar"
      },
      "expansion": "पुनर् • (púnar)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he goes back",
          "roman": "punar gacchati",
          "text": "पुनर् गच्छति",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I restore, give back",
          "roman": "punar dadāmi",
          "text": "पुनर् ददामि",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back, to home"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "to",
          "to"
        ],
        [
          "home",
          "home"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "she is reborn, married again",
          "roman": "punar bhavati",
          "text": "पुनर् भवति",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "again, once more"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ],
        [
          "once more",
          "once more"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "repeatedly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "repeatedly",
          "repeatedly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "moreover, furthermore"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "moreover",
          "moreover"
        ],
        [
          "furthermore",
          "furthermore"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "however, still"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "however",
          "however"
        ],
        [
          "still",
          "still"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pú.nɐɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpu.n̪ɐɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "पुनर्"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.