मांस

māṃsá (romanization)
मांसम् (nominative singular)
मांसे (dual nominative)
मांसानि (nominative plural)
मांसा1 (nominative plural)
मांस (singular vocative)
मांसे (dual vocative)
मांसानि (plural vocative)
मांसा1 (plural vocative)
मांसम् (accusative singular)
मांसे (accusative dual)
मांसानि (accusative plural)
मांसा1 (accusative plural)
मांसेन (instrumental singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मांसैः (instrumental plural)
मांसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मांसाय (dative singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मांसेभ्यः (dative plural)
मांसात् (ablative singular)
मांसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मांसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मांसस्य (genitive singular)
मांसयोः (dual genitive)
मांसानाम् (genitive plural)
मांसे (locative singular)
मांसयोः (dual locative)
मांसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (mās)

Domaaki: [script needed] (mos)

Kalami: [script needed] (mā̃s)

Kalasha: mos

Kashmiri: ماس (mās), ماز (māz)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (mos)

Phalura: [script needed] (mahās)

Savi: [script needed] (mās)

Shina: موز (moz), [script needed] (mos)

Tirahi: [script needed] (mās)

Torwali: ماس (mās)

desc

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (mās)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)

Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)

Kholosi: māz

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa)

Assamese: মঙহ (moṅoh)

Bengali: মাস (maś)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: माँस (mā̃s)

Magahi: 𑂧𑂰𑂁𑂮 (māns)

Maithili: मास (mās), मासु (māsu)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀲 (maṃsa), 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa) — Māgadhī
Central:
Eastern Hindi:
Chhattisgarhi: मास (mās)
Western Hindi:
Old Hindi: मांस (mā̃sa)
Braj: मास (mās)
Bundeli: मास (mās), माँस (mā̃s)
Hindustani: mā̃s, mās
Hindi: माँस, मास
Urdu: مَان٘سْ (mā̃s), مَاسْ (mās)
Northern:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: मासु (māsu)
Kumaoni: मासु (māsu)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: मासु (māsu)
Western Pahari:
Dogri: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Dogra script: 𑠢𑠬𑠩
Southern:
Insular:
Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)
Marathi-Konkani:
Konkani: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Kannada script: ಮಾಸ್
Latin script: mas
Old Marathi: mauṃsa
Devanagari script: मौंस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘼𑘽𑘭
Marathi: mās, māusa
Devanagari script: मास, मांस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘭, 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘭
Northwestern:
Sindhi: māhu
Arabic script: ماهُ
Devanagari script: माहु
Khudawadi script: 𑋗𑋠𑋞𑋣
Western:
Ahirani: मास (mās)
Gojri: مَاسْ (mās)
Gujarati: માંસ (mā̃s)
Kholosi: môz
Malvi: माँस (mā̃s)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: मंस (mans), मांस (māns), माँस (mā̃s), मौंस (ma͠us)
Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅰 (mns), 𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅰 (muns)
Romani: mas

Old Marathi: मांस (māṃsa)

Marathi: मांस (māusa)

Pali: maṁsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀲 (maṃsa), 𑀫𑀁𑀰 (maṃśa) — Māgadhī
Central:
Eastern Hindi:
Chhattisgarhi: मास (mās)
Western Hindi:
Old Hindi: मांस (mā̃sa)
Braj: मास (mās)
Bundeli: मास (mās), माँस (mā̃s)
Hindustani: mā̃s, mās
Hindi: माँस, मास
Urdu: مَان٘سْ (mā̃s), مَاسْ (mās)
Northern:
Central Pahari:
Garhwali: मासु (māsu)
Kumaoni: मासु (māsu)
Eastern Pahari:
Nepali: मासु (māsu)
Western Pahari:
Dogri: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Dogra script: 𑠢𑠬𑠩
Southern:
Insular:
Dhivehi: މަސް (mas)
Sinhalese: මස් (mas), මහ (maha)
Marathi-Konkani:
Konkani: mās
Devanagari script: मास
Kannada script: ಮಾಸ್
Latin script: mas
Old Marathi: mauṃsa
Devanagari script: मौंस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘼𑘽𑘭
Marathi: mās, māusa
Devanagari script: मास, मांस
Modi script: 𑘦𑘰𑘭, 𑘦𑘰𑘽𑘭
Northwestern:
Sindhi: māhu
Arabic script: ماهُ
Devanagari script: माहु
Khudawadi script: 𑋗𑋠𑋞𑋣
Western:
Ahirani: मास (mās)
Gojri: مَاسْ (mās)
Gujarati: માંસ (mā̃s)
Kholosi: môz
Malvi: माँस (mā̃s)
Marwari:
Devanagari script: मंस (mans), मांस (māns), माँस (mā̃s), मौंस (ma͠us)
Mahajani script: 𑅬𑅧𑅰 (mns), 𑅬𑅒𑅧𑅰 (muns)
Romani: mas

→ Tamil: மாமிசம் (māmicam)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *māmsám, from Proto-Indo-European *mēms-ó-m (“flesh, meat”). Cognate with Albanian mish, Old Church Slavonic мѧсо, Latin membrum, Old Armenian միս (mis), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌼𐌶 (mimz, “meat”).

inh

श्रो॒णाम् एक॑ उद॒कं गाम् अवा॑जति मां॒सम् एकः॑ पिंशति सू॒नयाभृ॑तं ।

One drives the crippled cow downward to the water, another trims the meat brought on the carving-board.

śroṇā́m éka udakáṃ gā́m ávājati māṃsám ékaḥ piṃśati sūnáyā́bhṛtaṃ.


गञ्ज

From Proto-Indo-European *gang- (“to mock”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γαγγαίνειν (gangaínein, “to laugh at, mock”), Old English canc (“jeering, scorn”).


जम्भ

jámbha (romanization)
जम्भः (nominative singular)
जम्भौ (dual nominative)
जम्भा1 (dual nominative)
जम्भाः (nominative plural)
जम्भासः1 (nominative plural)
जम्भ (singular vocative)
जम्भौ (dual vocative)
जम्भा1 (dual vocative)
जम्भाः (plural vocative)
जम्भासः1 (plural vocative)
जम्भम् (accusative singular)
जम्भौ (accusative dual)
जम्भा1 (accusative dual)
जम्भान् (accusative plural)
जम्भेन (instrumental singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जम्भैः (instrumental plural)
जम्भेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
जम्भाय (dative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (dative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (dative plural)
जम्भात् (ablative singular)
जम्भाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जम्भेभ्यः (ablative plural)
जम्भस्य (genitive singular)
जम्भयोः (dual genitive)
जम्भानाम् (genitive plural)
जम्भे (locative singular)
जम्भयोः (dual locative)
जम्भेषु (locative plural)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Bengali: জাবর (jabor)

inc-ext

Maharastri Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Old Marathi:

Marathi: जबडा (jabḍā)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਜਬਾੜਾ (jabāṛā)

Sauraseni Prakrit:

desctree

Romani: ćham (“cheek”)
Angloromani: cham

Sauraseni Prakrit: (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-) + -𑀓- (-ka-))

Sauraseni Apabhramsa:

Old Hindi:

Hindustani:

Hindi: जबड़ा (jabṛā)

Urdu: جَبْڑَا (jabṛā)

→ Hindi: जंभ (jambh) (learned)

/d͡ʑɐ́m.bʱɐ/

/ˈd͡ʑɐm.bʱɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ámbʰas (“tooth, jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth”). Cognate with Pashto ژامه (žā́ma, “jaw”), Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos).

inh

सद्यो जातस्य ददृशानमोजो यदस्य वातो अनुवाति शोचिः।
वृणक्ति तिग्मामतसेषु जिह्वां स्थिरा चिदन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः॥
sadyo jātasya dadṛśānamojo yadasya vāto anuvāti śociḥ.

Yet newly born, his vigour is apparent when the wind blows upon his fiery splendour,
His sharpened tongue he layeth on the brushwood, and with his teeth even solid food consumeth.

vṛṇakti tigmāmataseṣu jihvāṃ sthirā cidannā dayate vi jambhaiḥ.

(in the plural) set of teeth, mouth, jaws

one who crushes or swallows (as a demon)

name of several demons (conquered by Vishnu, Krishna or Indra)

a leader of the demons in the war against the gods under Indra


भू

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, be, grow, rise up”). Cognates include Ancient Greek φύω (phúō), Avestan 𐬠𐬎 (bu), Latin fui, fīō, Proto-Germanic *buskaz, *beuną, and Old English beon (whence English be).

बिभावयिषति

bibhāvayiṣati, Desiderative of Causative

भूमि

situation, place, earth, ground, base, extent; country


भू

bhū́ (romanization)
भूः (nominative singular)
भुवौ (dual nominative)
भुवः (nominative plural)
भूः (singular vocative)
भुवौ (dual vocative)
भुवः (plural vocative)
भुवम् (accusative singular)
भुवौ (accusative dual)
भुवः (accusative plural)
भुवा (instrumental singular)
भूभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भूभिः (instrumental plural)
भुवे (dative singular)
भुवै1 (dative singular)
भूभ्याम् (dative dual)
भूभ्यः (dative plural)
भुवः (ablative singular)
भुवाः1 (ablative singular)
भुवै2 (ablative singular)
भूभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भूभ्यः (ablative plural)
भुवः (genitive singular)
भुवाः1 (genitive singular)
भुवै2 (genitive singular)
भुवोः (dual genitive)
भुवाम् (genitive plural)
भूनाम्1 (genitive plural)
भुवि (locative singular)
भुवाम्1 (locative singular)
भुवोः (dual locative)
भूषु (locative plural)

Pali: bhū

→ Hindi: भू (bhū)

भूधर

'earth-bearing' - dwelling in the earth, a mountain

the place of being, space, world or universe

the earth (as constituting one of the 3 worlds)

earth (as a substance), ground, soil, land, landed property


दृषद्

millstone, especially the lower mill-stone (which rests on the उपल)


क्ष

kṣá (romanization)
क्षः (nominative singular)
क्षौ (dual nominative)
क्षा1 (dual nominative)
क्षाः (nominative plural)
क्षासः1 (nominative plural)
क्ष (singular vocative)
क्षौ (dual vocative)
क्षा1 (dual vocative)
क्षाः (plural vocative)
क्षासः1 (plural vocative)
क्षम् (accusative singular)
क्षौ (accusative dual)
क्षा1 (accusative dual)
क्षान् (accusative plural)
क्षेण (instrumental singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
क्षैः (instrumental plural)
क्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
क्षाय (dative singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
क्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
क्षात् (ablative singular)
क्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
क्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
क्षस्य (genitive singular)
क्षयोः (dual genitive)
क्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
क्षे (locative singular)
क्षयोः (dual locative)
क्षेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰā́s, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰžā́s (compare Avestan 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊), Persian زمین (zamin)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (compare Russian земля́ (zemljá), Latvian zeme, Latin humus, Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn)). Might be an innovation from earlier क्षम् (kṣám), which preserves the original feminine gender.

the protector or cultivator of a field, peasant


ग्रावन्

grā́van (romanization)
ग्रावा (nominative singular)
ग्रावाणौ (dual nominative)
ग्रावाणा1 (dual nominative)
ग्रावाणः (nominative plural)
ग्रावन् (singular vocative)
ग्रावाणौ (dual vocative)
ग्रावाणा1 (dual vocative)
ग्रावाणः (plural vocative)
ग्रावाणम् (accusative singular)
ग्रावाणौ (accusative dual)
ग्रावाणा1 (accusative dual)
ग्रौणः (accusative plural)
ग्रौणा (instrumental singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ग्रावभिः (instrumental plural)
ग्रौणे (dative singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (dative dual)
ग्रावभ्यः (dative plural)
ग्रौणः (ablative singular)
ग्रावभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ग्रावभ्यः (ablative plural)
ग्रौणः (genitive singular)
ग्रौणोः (dual genitive)
ग्रौणाम् (genitive plural)
ग्रौणि (locative singular)
ग्रावणि (locative singular)
ग्रावन्1 (locative singular)
ग्रौणोः (dual locative)
ग्रावसु (locative plural)

Odia: ଗ୍ରାବ (grāba)

desc

Tamil: கிராவணம் (kirāvaṇam), சிராவணம் (cirāvaṇam)

Telugu: గ్రావము (grāvamu)

/ˈɡɾɑː.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”). Cognate with English quern, Old Irish brao.
It has been suggested that the word used in the Rigveda is unrelated to the sense "stone" and rather refers to a human person, meaning "praiser, singer", possibly deriving from the root गॄ (gṝ).

inh

दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हा॒: सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्रा॑:॥
dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhā: sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprā:.
Hence, far away, ye Paṇis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,

Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.

(Rigvedic) (traditional translation) a stone for pressing out the Soma juice


दत्

dát (romanization)
दन् (nominative singular)
दन्तौ (dual nominative)
दन्ता1 (dual nominative)
दन्तः (nominative plural)
दतः (nominative plural)
दन् (singular vocative)
दन्तौ (dual vocative)
दन्ता1 (dual vocative)
दन्तः (plural vocative)
दन्तम् (accusative singular)
दन्तौ (accusative dual)
दन्ता1 (accusative dual)
दतः (accusative plural)
दता (instrumental singular)
दद्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दद्भिः (instrumental plural)
दते (dative singular)
दद्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दद्भ्यः (dative plural)
दतः (ablative singular)
दद्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दद्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दतः (genitive singular)
दतोः (dual genitive)
दताम् (genitive plural)
दति (locative singular)
दतोः (dual locative)
दत्सु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hdáns (“tooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth”). Cognate with Persian دندان (dandân), Ancient Greek ὀδών (odṓn), Latin dēns, English tooth.

आरोका इव घेदह तिग्मा अग्ने तव त्विषः ।
दद्भिर्वनानि बप्सति ॥
ārokā iva ghedaha tigmā agne tava tviṣaḥ.

Thy sharpened flames, O Agni, like the gleams of light that glitter through,
Devour the forests with their teeth.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa


ईर्म

īrmá (romanization)
ईर्मः (nominative singular)
ईर्मौ (dual nominative)
ईर्मा1 (dual nominative)
ईर्माः (nominative plural)
ईर्मासः1 (nominative plural)
ईर्म (singular vocative)
ईर्मौ (dual vocative)
ईर्मा1 (dual vocative)
ईर्माः (plural vocative)
ईर्मासः1 (plural vocative)
ईर्मम् (accusative singular)
ईर्मौ (accusative dual)
ईर्मा1 (accusative dual)
ईर्मान् (accusative plural)
ईर्मेण (instrumental singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ईर्मैः (instrumental plural)
ईर्मेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ईर्माय (dative singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (dative dual)
ईर्मेभ्यः (dative plural)
ईर्मात् (ablative singular)
ईर्माभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ईर्मेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ईर्मस्य (genitive singular)
ईर्मयोः (dual genitive)
ईर्माणाम् (genitive plural)
ईर्मे (locative singular)
ईर्मयोः (dual locative)
ईर्मेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-mo- (“arm”), a suffixed form of *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).


आस्

ā́s (romanization)
आसा (instrumental singular)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHs (“mouth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óh₃s (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬵 (āh) and Latin ōs (“mouth”) whence English oral and orifice.
Further cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš, “mouth”), Old Church Slavonic оуста (usta, “mouth”), Old Norse óss (“mouth”) (of a river), Old Irish á (“mouth”).

cog

यो हव्यान्यैरयता मनुर्हितो देव आसा सुगन्धिना ।
विवासते वार्याणि स्वध्वरो होता देवो अमर्त्यः ॥
yo havyānyairayatā manurhito deva āsā sugandhinā.

The God, the Friend of man, who bears our gifts to heaven, the God with his sweet-smelling mouth,
Distributes, skilled in sacrifice, his precious things, Invoking Priest, Immortal God.

vivāsate vāryāṇi svadhvaro hotā devo amartyaḥ.


आस्

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HaHs-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁s-.


हिरण्य

híraṇya (romanization)
हिरण्यम् (nominative singular)
हिरण्ये (dual nominative)
हिरण्यानि (nominative plural)
हिरण्या1 (nominative plural)
हिरण्य (singular vocative)
हिरण्ये (dual vocative)
हिरण्यानि (plural vocative)
हिरण्या1 (plural vocative)
हिरण्यम् (accusative singular)
हिरण्ये (accusative dual)
हिरण्यानि (accusative plural)
हिरण्या1 (accusative plural)
हिरण्येन (instrumental singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हिरण्यैः (instrumental plural)
हिरण्येभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हिरण्याय (dative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (dative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (dative plural)
हिरण्यात् (ablative singular)
हिरण्याभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हिरण्येभ्यः (ablative plural)
हिरण्यस्य (genitive singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual genitive)
हिरण्यानाम् (genitive plural)
हिरण्ये (locative singular)
हिरण्ययोः (dual locative)
हिरण्येषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀁𑀦 (hiraṃna)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀭𑀡𑁆𑀡 (hiraṇṇa)

Pali: hirañña
→ Khmer: ហិរញ្ញ (herañ)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: රන් (ran)

Dhivehi: ރަން (ran̊)

desc

→ Tamil: ஹிரண்யம் (hiraṇyam), இரணியம் (iraṇiyam)

→ Bengali: হিরণ (hiron) (semi-learned)

[ɦí.ɾɐj̃.jɐ]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃-der.
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam
Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya)
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃-en-yo-m, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow, golden”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬦𐬌𐬌𐬀 (zarańiia, “gold”), Old Persian 𐎭𐎼𐎴𐎹 (d-r-n-y /daraniya/, “gold”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), English gold and yellow. Also related to हरि (hári).

cog

ई॒शा॒नासो॒ ये दध॑ते॒ स्व॑र्णो॒ गोभि॒रश्वे॑भि॒र्वसु॑भि॒र्हिर॑ण्यैः ।
इन्द्र॑वायू सू॒रयो॒ विश्व॒मायु॒रर्व॑द्भिर्वी॒रैः पृत॑नासु सह्युः ॥
īśānā́so yé dádhate svárṇo góbhiráśvebhirvásubhirhíraṇyaiḥ.

O Indra and Vayu, may these rulees who give us heavenly light with gifts of cows and horses, gold and treasures overcome in battle with their steeds and heroes through full life.

índravāyū sūráyo víśvamā́yurárvadbhirvīráiḥ pṛ́tanāsu sahyuḥ.

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

any vessel or ornament made of gold (as 'a golden spoon')


घृण

ghṛṇá (romanization)
घृणः (nominative singular)
घृणौ (dual nominative)
घृणा1 (dual nominative)
घृणाः (nominative plural)
घृणासः1 (nominative plural)
घृण (singular vocative)
घृणौ (dual vocative)
घृणा1 (dual vocative)
घृणाः (plural vocative)
घृणासः1 (plural vocative)
घृणम् (accusative singular)
घृणौ (accusative dual)
घृणा1 (accusative dual)
घृणान् (accusative plural)
घृणेन (instrumental singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घृणैः (instrumental plural)
घृणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घृणाय (dative singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
घृणेभ्यः (dative plural)
घृणात् (ablative singular)
घृणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घृणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घृणस्य (genitive singular)
घृणयोः (dual genitive)
घृणानाम् (genitive plural)
घृणे (locative singular)
घृणयोः (dual locative)
घृणेषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰr̥nás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥nás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr̥-nó-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).


हनु

hánu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनूः (accusative plural)
हन्वा (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वै1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वै2 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वै2 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰánuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰánuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus (“chin, jaw”).

inh

अप॑श्यमस्य मह॒तो म॑हि॒त्वमम॑र्त्यस्य॒ मर्त्या॑सु वि॒क्षु।
नाना॒ हनू॒ विभृ॑ते॒ सं भ॑रेते॒ असि॑न्वती॒ बप्स॑ती॒ भूर्य॑त्तः॥
ápaśyamasya maható mahitvámámartyasya mártyāsu vikṣú.

I have beheld the might of the adorable Agni, immortal in the hearts of mortal beings; his two jaws, divided asunder, shut together; devouring without masticating consume much fuel.

nā́nā hánū víbhṛte sáṃ bharete ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ryattaḥ.


हनु

hánu (romanization)
हनु (nominative singular)
हनुनी (dual nominative)
हनूनि (nominative plural)
हनु1 (nominative plural)
हनू1 (nominative plural)
हनु (singular vocative)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनुनी (dual vocative)
हनूनि (plural vocative)
हनु1 (plural vocative)
हनू1 (plural vocative)
हनु (accusative singular)
हनुनी (accusative dual)
हनूनि (accusative plural)
हनु1 (accusative plural)
हनू1 (accusative plural)
हनुना (instrumental singular)
हन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनुने (dative singular)
हनवे1 (dative singular)
हन्वे1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनुनः (ablative singular)
हनोः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वः1 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनुनः (genitive singular)
हनोः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वः1 (genitive singular)
हनुनोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनुनि (locative singular)
हनौ1 (locative singular)
हनुनोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)


हनु

hanu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनूः (accusative plural)
हन्वा (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वै1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वाः1 (ablative singular)
हन्वै2 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वाः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वै2 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वाम्1 (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)

"anything which destroys or injures life", a weapon


हनु

hanu (romanization)
हनुः (nominative singular)
हनू (dual nominative)
हनवः (nominative plural)
हनो (singular vocative)
हनू (dual vocative)
हनवः (plural vocative)
हनुम् (accusative singular)
हनू (accusative dual)
हनून् (accusative plural)
हनुना (instrumental singular)
हन्वा1 (instrumental singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हनुभिः (instrumental plural)
हनवे (dative singular)
हन्वे1 (dative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (dative dual)
हनुभ्यः (dative plural)
हनोः (ablative singular)
हन्वः1 (ablative singular)
हनुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हनुभ्यः (ablative plural)
हनोः (genitive singular)
हन्वः1 (genitive singular)
हन्वोः (dual genitive)
हनूनाम् (genitive plural)
हनौ (locative singular)
हन्वोः (dual locative)
हनुषु (locative plural)


द्रुह्यति

sa-verb

द्रुह्यति • (drúhyati) third-singular indicative (class 4, type P, root द्रुह्)

drúhyati (romanization)
द्रुह् (root)
द्रुह्यति (present)
द्रुह्यते (present)
द्रुह्यति (active indicative singular third-person)
द्रुह्यतः (active dual indicative third-person)
द्रुह्यन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
द्रुह्यते (indicative singular third-person)
द्रुह्येते (dual indicative third-person)
द्रुह्यन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
द्रुह्यसि (active indicative second-person singular)
द्रुह्यथः (active dual indicative second-person)
द्रुह्यथ (active indicative plural second-person)
द्रुह्यसे (indicative second-person singular)
द्रुह्येथे (dual indicative second-person)
द्रुह्यध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
द्रुह्यामि (active first-person indicative singular)
द्रुह्यावः (active dual first-person indicative)
द्रुह्यामः (active first-person indicative plural)
द्रुह्यामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
द्रुह्ये (first-person indicative singular)
द्रुह्यावहे (dual first-person indicative)
द्रुह्यामहे (first-person indicative plural)
द्रुह्यतु (active imperative singular third-person)
द्रुह्यताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
द्रुह्यन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
द्रुह्यताम् (imperative singular third-person)
द्रुह्येताम् (dual imperative third-person)
द्रुह्यन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
द्रुह्य (active imperative second-person singular)
द्रुह्यतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
द्रुह्यत (active imperative plural second-person)
द्रुह्यस्व (imperative second-person singular)
द्रुह्येथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
द्रुह्यध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
द्रुह्याणि (active first-person imperative singular)
द्रुह्याव (active dual first-person imperative)
द्रुह्याम (active first-person imperative plural)
द्रुह्यै (first-person imperative singular)
द्रुह्यावहै (dual first-person imperative)
द्रुह्यामहै (first-person imperative plural)
द्रुह्येत् (active imperative singular third-person)
द्रुह्येताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
द्रुह्येयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
द्रुह्येत (imperative singular third-person)
द्रुह्येयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
द्रुह्येरन् (imperative plural third-person)
द्रुह्येः (active imperative second-person singular)
द्रुह्येतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
द्रुह्येत (active imperative plural second-person)
द्रुह्येथाः (imperative second-person singular)
द्रुह्येयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
द्रुह्येध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
द्रुह्येयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
द्रुह्येव (active dual first-person imperative)
द्रुह्येम (active first-person imperative plural)
द्रुह्येय (first-person imperative singular)
द्रुह्येवहि (dual first-person imperative)
द्रुह्येमहि (first-person imperative plural)
द्रुह्यात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्याति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्याते (singular subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्यान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
द्रुह्याः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्यासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्याथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्याथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्यासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्यासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्यैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्याध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्याणि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्याव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्याम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
द्रुह्यै (first-person singular subjunctive)
द्रुह्यावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
द्रुह्यामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
द्रुह्यत् (active participle)
द्रुह्यमाण (participle)
अद्रुह्यत् (imperfect)
अद्रुह्यत (imperfect)
अद्रुह्यत् (active indicative singular third-person)
अद्रुह्यताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अद्रुह्यन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अद्रुह्यत (indicative singular third-person)
अद्रुह्येताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अद्रुह्यन्त (indicative plural third-person)
अद्रुह्यः (active indicative second-person singular)
अद्रुह्यतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अद्रुह्यत (active indicative plural second-person)
अद्रुह्यथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अद्रुह्येथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अद्रुह्यध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अद्रुह्यम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अद्रुह्याव (active dual first-person indicative)
अद्रुह्याम (active first-person indicative plural)
अद्रुह्ये (first-person indicative singular)
अद्रुह्यावहि (dual first-person indicative)
अद्रुह्यामहि (first-person indicative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *druźʰyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruǰʰyáti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrugʰyéti (“to deceive”). Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (družaⁱti), Old Persian 𐎠𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 (a-du-u-ru-u-ji-i-y /ad(u)rujiya/).

cog

to hurt, injure, harm, seek to harm, be hostile to


असृज्

ásṛj (romanization)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजौ (dual nominative)
असृजा1 (dual nominative)
असृजः (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजौ (dual vocative)
असृजा1 (dual vocative)
असृजः (plural vocative)
असृजम् (accusative singular)
असृजौ (accusative dual)
असृजा1 (accusative dual)
असृजः (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)
असृक् (nominative singular)
असृजी (dual nominative)
असृञ्जि (nominative plural)
असृक् (singular vocative)
असृजी (dual vocative)
असृञ्जि (plural vocative)
असृक् (accusative singular)
असृजी (accusative dual)
असृञ्जि (accusative plural)
असृजा (instrumental singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
असृजे (dative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
असृजः (ablative singular)
असृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
असृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
असृजः (genitive singular)
असृजोः (dual genitive)
असृजाम् (genitive plural)
असृजि (locative singular)
असृजोः (dual locative)
असृक्षु (locative plural)

/ˈɐ.s̪r̩d͡ʑ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HásHr̥, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Cognate with Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn) and perhaps Latin sanguis.

को ददर्श प्रथमं जायमानमस्थन्वन्तं यदनस्था बिभर्ति ।
भूम्या असुर्असृग्आत्मा क्व स्वित्को विद्वांसमुप गात्प्रष्टुमेतत् ॥
ko dadarśa prathamaṃ jāyamānamasthanvantaṃ yadanasthā bibharti.

Who hath beheld him as he sprang to being, seen how the boneless One supports the bony?
Where is the blood of earth, the life, the spirit? Who may approach the man who knows, to ask it?

bhūmyā asurasṛgātmā kva svitko vidvāṃsamupa gātpraṣṭumetat.

खे खानि वायौ निश्वासांस्तेजःसूष्माणमात्मवान्। अप्स्व्असृक्श्लेष्मपूयानि क्षितौ शेषं यथोद्भवम्॥

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.12.25

A sober, self-realized person who has full knowledge should merge the various parts of the body in their original sources. The holes in the body are caused by the sky, the process of breathing is caused by the air, the heat of the body is caused by fire, and semen, blood and mucus are caused by water. The hard substances, like skin, muscle and bone, are caused by earth. In this way all the constituents of the body are caused by various elements, and they should be merged again into those elements.

khe khāni vāyau niśvāsāṃstejaḥsūṣmāṇamātmavān. apsvasṛkśleṣmapūyāni kṣitau śeṣaṃ yathodbhavam.

मच्छूलभिन्नग्रीवस्य भूरिणा रुधिरेण वै। असृक्प्रियं तर्पयिष्ये भ्रातरं मे गतव्यथः॥
macchūlabhinnagrīvasya bhūriṇā rudhireṇa vai. asṛkpriyaṃ tarpayiṣye bhrātaraṃ me gatavyathaḥ.
I shall therefore sever Lord Viṣṇu’s head from his trunk by my trident, and with the profuse rudhira [blood] from his body I shall please my brother Hiraṇyākṣa, who was so fond of sucking asṛk [blood]. Thus shall I too be peaceful.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 7.2.8

इत्युक्त्वा भगवाञ्छाल्वं गदया भीमवेगया। तताड जत्रौ संरब्धः स चकम्पे वमन्न्असृक्॥
ityuktvā bhagavāñchālvaṃ gadayā bhīmavegayā. tatāḍa jatrau saṃrabdhaḥ sa cakampe vamannasṛk.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.77.20

Having said this, the furious Lord swung his club with frightening power and speed and hit Śālva on the collarbone, making him tremble and vomit blood.

तदा दितेः समभवत्सहसा हृदि वेपथुः। स्मरन्त्या भर्तुरादेशं स्तनाच्च्आसृक् प्रसुस्रुवे॥
tadā diteḥ samabhavatsahasā hṛdi vepathuḥ. smarantyā bharturādeśaṃ stanāccāsṛk prasusruve.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.19.23

At that very moment, a shudder suddenly ran through the heart of Diti, the mother of Hiraṇyākṣa. She recalled the words of her husband, Kaśyapa, and blood flowed from her breasts.

ववृषू रुधिरौघ्आसृक्पूयविण्मूत्रमेदसः। निपेतुर्गगनादस्य कबन्धान्यग्रतोऽनघ॥
vavṛṣū rudhiraughāsṛkpūyaviṇmūtramedasaḥ. nipeturgaganādasya kabandhānyagratoʼnagha.

c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 4.10.24

My dear faultless Vidura, in that rainfall there was blood, mucus, pus, stool, urine and marrow falling heavily before Dhruva Mahārāja, and there were trunks of bodies falling from the sky.


हेमन्त

hemantá (romanization)
हेमन्तः (nominative singular)
हेमन्तौ (dual nominative)
हेमन्ता1 (dual nominative)
हेमन्ताः (nominative plural)
हेमन्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हेमन्त (singular vocative)
हेमन्तौ (dual vocative)
हेमन्ता1 (dual vocative)
हेमन्ताः (plural vocative)
हेमन्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हेमन्तम् (accusative singular)
हेमन्तौ (accusative dual)
हेमन्ता1 (accusative dual)
हेमन्तान् (accusative plural)
हेमन्तेन (instrumental singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हेमन्तैः (instrumental plural)
हेमन्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हेमन्ताय (dative singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हेमन्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हेमन्तात् (ablative singular)
हेमन्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हेमन्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हेमन्तस्य (genitive singular)
हेमन्तयोः (dual genitive)
हेमन्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हेमन्ते (locative singular)
हेमन्तयोः (dual locative)
हेमन्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Phalura: ہیواند (heewaánd)

desctree

Pali: hemanta
→ Burmese: ဟေမန္တ (hemanta.), ဟေမန် (heman) (learned)
→ Khmer: ហេមន្ត (heemɑn) (learned)

Prakrit: 𑀳𑁂𑀫𑀁𑀢 (hemaṃta)

Hindustani:

Hindi: हेवंत (hevant)

Romani: ivend

→ Bengali: হেমন্ত (hemôntô) (learned)

→ Kannada: ಹೇಮಂತ (hēmanta) (learned)

desc

→ Malayalam: ഹേമന്തം (hēmantaṁ) (learned)

→ Tamil: ஹேமந்தம் (hēmantam), ஏமந்தம் (ēmantam) (learned)

→ Telugu: హేమంతము (hēmantamu) (learned)

→ Thai: เหมันต์ (hěe-man) (learned)

/ɦeːˈmɐn̪.t̪ɐ/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰaymantás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeyméns, from *ǵʰey- (“winter”). Cognate with Latin hībernum (“winter”), Ancient Greek χεῖμᾰ (kheîma), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Old Armenian ձմեռն (jmeṙn), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊, “winter”).

शतं जीव शरदो वर्धमानः शतं हेमन्ताञ् छतम् उ वसन्तान्।

Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters.

śataṃ jīva śarado vardhamānaḥ śataṃ hemantāñ chatam u vasantān.


ओष्ठ

óṣṭha (romanization)
ओष्ठः (nominative singular)
ओष्ठौ (dual nominative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual nominative)
ओष्ठाः (nominative plural)
ओष्ठासः1 (nominative plural)
ओष्ठ (singular vocative)
ओष्ठौ (dual vocative)
ओष्ठा1 (dual vocative)
ओष्ठाः (plural vocative)
ओष्ठासः1 (plural vocative)
ओष्ठम् (accusative singular)
ओष्ठौ (accusative dual)
ओष्ठा1 (accusative dual)
ओष्ठान् (accusative plural)
ओष्ठेन (instrumental singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ओष्ठैः (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
ओष्ठाय (dative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (dative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (dative plural)
ओष्ठात् (ablative singular)
ओष्ठाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ओष्ठेभ्यः (ablative plural)
ओष्ठस्य (genitive singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual genitive)
ओष्ठानाम् (genitive plural)
ओष्ठे (locative singular)
ओष्ठयोः (dual locative)
ओष्ठेषु (locative plural)

Pali: oṭṭha

Dardic:

Kashmiri: वुठ (wuṭh)

Prakrit: 𑀑𑀝𑁆𑀞 (ŏṭṭha), 𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (uṭṭha), 𑀳𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (hŏṭṭha), 𑀳𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (huṭṭha)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ඔට (oṭa)

Khasa Prakrit:

Nepali: ओठ् (oṭh)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: ওঁঠ (ü̃th)

Odia: ଓଠ (oṭha)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: वोंट (voṇṭa)

Marathi: ओठ (oṭh), ओंठ (oṇṭha)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੋਠ (hoṭh), Punjabi: ਹੋਂਠ (hoṇṭh)

Pali: oṭṭha

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Domari: ōšt

Gujarati: હોઠ (hoṭh)

Hindustani:

Hindi: होंठ (hõṭh)

Urdu: ہونٹ (honṭ)

Romani: uśt

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (“lip”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), “upper lip”), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, “two lips”), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (“lip, mouth”). See also आस् (ā́s, “mouth”).

cog

ओष्ठाविव मध्वास्ने वदन्ता स्तनाविव पिप्यतं जीवसे नः।
नासेव नस्तन्वो रक्षितारा कर्णाविव सुश्रुता भूतमस्मे॥
oṣṭhāviva madhvāsne vadantā stanāviva pipyataṃ jīvase naḥ.

Even as two lips that with the mouth speak honey, even as two breasts that nourish our existence,
Like the two nostrils that protect our being, be to us as our ears that hear distinctly.

nāseva nastanvo rakṣitārā karṇāviva suśrutā bhūtamasme.


ओष्ठ

(botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)


सवितृ

savitṛ́ (romanization)
सविता (nominative singular)
सवितारौ (dual nominative)
सवितारा1 (dual nominative)
सवितारः (nominative plural)
सवितः (singular vocative)
सवितारौ (dual vocative)
सवितारा1 (dual vocative)
सवितारः (plural vocative)
सवितारम् (accusative singular)
सवितारौ (accusative dual)
सवितारा1 (accusative dual)
सवितॄन् (accusative plural)
सवित्रा (instrumental singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सवितृभिः (instrumental plural)
सवित्रे (dative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (dative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (dative plural)
सवितुः (ablative singular)
सवितृभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सवितृभ्यः (ablative plural)
सवितुः (genitive singular)
सवित्रोः (dual genitive)
सवितॄणाम् (genitive plural)
सवितरि (locative singular)
सवित्रोः (dual locative)
सवितृषु (locative plural)

From the full-grade of the root सू (sū, “to impel, to vivify”) + -तृ (-tṛ, agentive suffix).

दे॒वस्त्वष्टा॑ सवि॒ता वि॒श्वरू॑पः पु॒पोष॑ प्र॒जाः पु॑रु॒धा ज॑जान।
इ॒मा च॒ विश्वा॒ भुव॑नान्यस्य म॒हद्दे॒वाना॑मसुर॒त्वमेक॑म्॥
devástváṣṭā savitā́ viśvárūpaḥ pupóṣa prajā́ḥ purudhā́ jajāna.
imā́ ca víśvā bhúvanānyasya maháddevā́nāmasuratvámékam.

The divine Tvaṣṭā the impeller of all, the multiform, has begotten and nourished a numerous progeny, for all these worlds are of him; great and unequalled is the might of the gods.

impeller, vivifier (epithet of Tvashtar)


सवितृ

आ कृ॒ष्णेन॒ रज॑सा॒ वर्त॑मानो निवे॒शय॑न्न॒मृतं॒ मर्त्यं॑ च।
हि॒र॒ण्यये॑न सवि॒ता रथे॒ना दे॒वो या॑ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ पश्य॑न्॥
ā́ kṛṣṇéna rájasā vártamāno niveśáyannamṛ́taṃ mártyaṃ ca.
hiraṇyáyena savitā́ ráthenā́ devó yāti bhúvanāni páśyan.

Revolving through the darkened firmament, arousing mortal and immortal, the divine Savitā travels in his golden chariot, beholding the worlds.

तत्स॒वि॒तुर्वरे॑ण्यं॒ भर्गो॑ दे॒वस्य॑ धीमहि।
धियो॒ यो न॑: प्रचो॒दया॑त्॥
tátsavitúrváreṇyaṃ bhárgo devásya dhīmahi.
dhíyo yó na: pracodáyāt.

We meditate on that desirable light of the divine Savitā, who influences our pious rites.

"The Vivifier"; the name of a Vedic solar deity described as the personification of the divine, vivifying influence of the Sun


हंस

haṃsá (romanization)
हंसः (nominative singular)
हंसौ (dual nominative)
हंसा1 (dual nominative)
हंसाः (nominative plural)
हंसासः1 (nominative plural)
हंस (singular vocative)
हंसौ (dual vocative)
हंसा1 (dual vocative)
हंसाः (plural vocative)
हंसासः1 (plural vocative)
हंसम् (accusative singular)
हंसौ (accusative dual)
हंसा1 (accusative dual)
हंसान् (accusative plural)
हंसेन (instrumental singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हंसैः (instrumental plural)
हंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हंसाय (dative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
हंसात् (ablative singular)
हंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हंसस्य (genitive singular)
हंसयोः (dual genitive)
हंसानाम् (genitive plural)
हंसे (locative singular)
हंसयोः (dual locative)
हंसेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: أنٛز (ạnz)

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: হাঁহ (hãh)

Bengali: হাঁস (hãs)

Sylheti: ꠀꠃꠀ (áúa), ꠀꠁ (áí)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Punjabi: ਹੰਸ (hans)

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀳𑀁𑀲 (haṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰansás (“goose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁 (zā), Ancient Greek χήν (khḗn), Latin ānser, Latvian zoss, German Gans, Old Irish géiss, Russian гусь (gusʹ), Albanian gatë (“heron”), Old English gōs (whence English goose).

हंसाव्इव पततमा सुताँ उप ॥

Like wild geese, fly here to the soma-pressings.

a goose, gander, swan, flamingo (or other aquatic bird, considered as a bird of passage)

sometimes a mere poetical or mythical bird, said in Rigveda to be able to separate Soma from water, when these two fluids are mixed, and in later literature, milk from water when these two are mixed

the soul or spirit (typified by the pure white colour of a goose or swan, and migratory like a goose)

sometimes "the Universal Soul or Supreme Spirit", identified with Virāj, Nārāyaṇa, Vishnu, Shiva, Kāma, and the Sun

(in the dual) "the universal and the individual Spirit"

a man of supernatural qualities born under a particular constellation

an excellent draught-ox (according to some, a buffalo)


हंस

/ɦɐ.ɡm̩.sɐ́/

name of a son of Brahma-datta and general of Jarā-saṃdha


अथर्वन्

átharvan (romanization)
अथर्वा (nominative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual nominative)
अथर्वाणः (nominative plural)
अथर्वन् (singular vocative)
अथर्वाणौ (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणा1 (dual vocative)
अथर्वाणः (plural vocative)
अथर्वाणम् (accusative singular)
अथर्वाणौ (accusative dual)
अथर्वाणा1 (accusative dual)
अथर्वणः (accusative plural)
अथर्वणा (instrumental singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अथर्वभिः (instrumental plural)
अथर्वणे (dative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (dative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (dative plural)
अथर्वणः (ablative singular)
अथर्वभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अथर्वभ्यः (ablative plural)
अथर्वणः (genitive singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual genitive)
अथर्वणाम् (genitive plural)
अथर्वणि (locative singular)
अथर्वन्1 (locative singular)
अथर्वणोः (dual locative)
अथर्वसु (locative plural)

/ɐ́.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐn/

/ɐˈt̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐn̪/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *átʰarwā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *átʰarwā (“priest”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (āθrauuan). Ultimate origin unknown. Some scholars suggest it derives from the BMAC substrate.

a priest who has to do with fire and Soma


अथर्वन्

/ɐ́.tʰɐɾ.ʋɐn/

/ɐˈt̪ʰɐɾ.ʋɐn̪/

याम्अथ॑र्वा॒ मनु॑ष्पि॒ता द॒ध्यङ्धिय॒मत्न॑त।
तस्मि॒न्ब्रह्मा॑णि पू॒र्वथेन्द्र॑ उ॒क्था सम॑ग्म॒तार्च॒न्ननु॑ स्व॒राज्य॑म्॥
yā́mátharvā mánuṣpitā́ dadhyáṅdhíyamátnata.

Still as of old, whatever rite Atharvan, Manus sire of all, Dadhyach performed, their prayer and praise united in that Indra meet, lauding his own imperial sway.

tásminbráhmāṇi pūrváthéndra ukthā́ sámagmatā́rcannánu svarā́jyam.

Atharvan, son of Kardama, father of दधीचि and the co-author of the Atharvaveda.


ग्रसति

sa-verb

ग्रसति • (grásati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root ग्रस्)

grásati (romanization)
ग्रस् (root)
ग्रसति (present)
ग्रसते (present)
ग्रसति (active indicative singular third-person)
ग्रसतः (active dual indicative third-person)
ग्रसन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
ग्रसते (indicative singular third-person)
ग्रसेते (dual indicative third-person)
ग्रसन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
ग्रससि (active indicative second-person singular)
ग्रसथः (active dual indicative second-person)
ग्रसथ (active indicative plural second-person)
ग्रससे (indicative second-person singular)
ग्रसेथे (dual indicative second-person)
ग्रसध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
ग्रसामि (active first-person indicative singular)
ग्रसावः (active dual first-person indicative)
ग्रसामः (active first-person indicative plural)
ग्रसामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
ग्रसे (first-person indicative singular)
ग्रसावहे (dual first-person indicative)
ग्रसामहे (first-person indicative plural)
ग्रसतु (active imperative singular third-person)
ग्रसताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
ग्रसन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
ग्रसताम् (imperative singular third-person)
ग्रसेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
ग्रसन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
ग्रस (active imperative second-person singular)
ग्रसतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
ग्रसत (active imperative plural second-person)
ग्रसस्व (imperative second-person singular)
ग्रसेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
ग्रसध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
ग्रसानि (active first-person imperative singular)
ग्रसाव (active dual first-person imperative)
ग्रसाम (active first-person imperative plural)
ग्रसै (first-person imperative singular)
ग्रसावहै (dual first-person imperative)
ग्रसामहै (first-person imperative plural)
ग्रसेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
ग्रसेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
ग्रसेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
ग्रसेत (imperative singular third-person)
ग्रसेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
ग्रसेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
ग्रसेः (active imperative second-person singular)
ग्रसेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
ग्रसेत (active imperative plural second-person)
ग्रसेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
ग्रसेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
ग्रसेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
ग्रसेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
ग्रसेव (active dual first-person imperative)
ग्रसेम (active first-person imperative plural)
ग्रसेय (first-person imperative singular)
ग्रसेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
ग्रसेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
ग्रसात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
ग्रसाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ग्रसाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ग्रसासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
ग्रसाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
ग्रसानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ग्रसाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ग्रसै (first-person singular subjunctive)
ग्रसावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
ग्रसामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
ग्रसत् (active participle)
ग्रसमान (participle)

/ˈɡɾɐ.s̪ɐ.t̪i/

From ग्रस्, Derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”). Compare Ancient Greek γράω (gráō).

der+

to seize with the mouth, take into the mouth, swallow, devour, eat, consume

to swallow or slur over words, pronounce indistinctly

to suppress, stop or neglect (a lawsuit)


हस्त

hásta (romanization)
हस्तः (nominative singular)
हस्तौ (dual nominative)
हस्ता1 (dual nominative)
हस्ताः (nominative plural)
हस्तासः1 (nominative plural)
हस्त (singular vocative)
हस्तौ (dual vocative)
हस्ता1 (dual vocative)
हस्ताः (plural vocative)
हस्तासः1 (plural vocative)
हस्तम् (accusative singular)
हस्तौ (accusative dual)
हस्ता1 (accusative dual)
हस्तान् (accusative plural)
हस्तेन (instrumental singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हस्तैः (instrumental plural)
हस्तेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
हस्ताय (dative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (dative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (dative plural)
हस्तात् (ablative singular)
हस्ताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हस्तेभ्यः (ablative plural)
हस्तस्य (genitive singular)
हस्तयोः (dual genitive)
हस्तानाम् (genitive plural)
हस्ते (locative singular)
हस्तयोः (dual locative)
हस्तेषु (locative plural)

Dardic:

Kashmiri: اَتھٕ (athụ)

Khowar: ہوست (host)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)

Sinhalese: අත (ata)

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀳𑀢𑁆𑀣 (hattha)
Central Indo-Aryan:
Old Gujarati: हाथ (hātha)
Gujarati: હાથ (hāth)
Malvi: हात (hāt)
Nimadi: हाथ (hāth)
Hindustani: hāth
Hindi: हाथ
Urdu: ہاتھ (hāth)
Romani: vast
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
Awadhi: हाँथ (hā̃th)
Early Assamese: হাথ (hatho)
Assamese: হাত (hat)
Old Bengali: হাথ (hātha)
Bengali: হাত (hat)
Chakma: 𑄦𑄖𑄴 (hāt)
Rohingya: hát
Sylheti: ꠀꠔ (at)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: हाथ (hāth)
Maithili: हाथ (hāth)
Odia: ହାତ (hāta)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
Dhivehi: އަތް (at̊), އަތްތިލަ (at̊tila)
Sinhalese: අත (ata)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
Garhwali: हाथ (hāth)
Nepali: हात (hāt)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
Kachchi: હથ (hath)
Punjabi: hatth
Gurmukhi script: ਹੱਥ
Shahmukhi script: ہَتھّ
Sindhi:
Arabic script: هَٿُ
Devanagari script: हथु
Southern Indo-Aryan:
Konkani: hāt
Devanagari script: हात
Kannada script: ಹಾತ್
Latin script: hat
Old Marathi: hatha, hāṭa, hāta, hātha
Modi script: 𑘮𑘞, 𑘮𑘰𑘘, 𑘮𑘰𑘝, 𑘮𑘰𑘞
Devanagari script: हथ, हाट, हात, हाथ
Marathi: हात (hāt)

Pali: hattha
→ Khmer: ហត្ថ (hat)
→ Thai: หัตถ์

→ Hindi: हस्त (hast)

→ Kannada: ಹಸ್ತ (hasta)

→ Malay: hasta

Indonesian: hasta

→ Malayalam: ഹസ്തം (hastaṁ)

→ Old Javanese: hasta
Javanese: ꦲꦱ꧀ꦠ (asta)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬲ᭄ᬢ (asta, “hand”)

→ Old Marathi:

Modi script: 𑘮𑘭𑘿𑘝 (hasta)

Devanagari script: हस्त (hasta)

→ Tamil: அஸ்தம் (astam), அத்தம் (attam)

→ Telugu: హస్తము (hastamu)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas
Sanskrit हस्त (hasta)Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰós-tos.
Cognate with Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (d-s-t /dasta/) (whence modern Persian دست (dast)), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta, “hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Latin hir (“hand”).

etymon

क्व स्य ते रुद्र मृळयाकुर्हस्तो यो अस्ति भेषजो जलाषः ।

O Rudra, where is that gracious hand of thine, that giveth health and bringeth comfort?

kva sya te rudra mṛḷayākurhasto yo asti bheṣajo jalāṣaḥ.

the forearm (a measure of length from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger)

(astronomy) the 11th (13th) lunar asterism (represented by a hand and containing five stars, identified by some with part of the constellation Corvus)


नामन्

nā́man (romanization)
नाम (nominative singular)
नाम्नी (dual nominative)
नामनी (dual nominative)
नामानि (nominative plural)
नाम1 (nominative plural)
नामा1 (nominative plural)
नामन् (singular vocative)
नाम (singular vocative)
नाम्नी (dual vocative)
नामनी (dual vocative)
नामानि (plural vocative)
नाम1 (plural vocative)
नामा1 (plural vocative)
नाम (accusative singular)
नाम्नी (accusative dual)
नामनी (accusative dual)
नामानि (accusative plural)
नाम1 (accusative plural)
नामा1 (accusative plural)
नाम्ना (instrumental singular)
नामभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
नामभिः (instrumental plural)
नाम्ने (dative singular)
नामभ्याम् (dative dual)
नामभ्यः (dative plural)
नाम्नः (ablative singular)
नामभ्याम् (ablative dual)
नामभ्यः (ablative plural)
नाम्नः (genitive singular)
नाम्नोः (dual genitive)
नाम्नाम् (genitive plural)
नाम्नि (locative singular)
नामनि (locative singular)
नामन्1 (locative singular)
नाम्नोः (dual locative)
नामसु (locative plural)

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (nam)

Domaaki: [script needed] (nōm)

Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (nam)

Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (nã̄)

Kalami: [script needed] (nām)

Kalasha: نوم (nom)

Kashmiri: ناو (nāv)

Khowar: [script needed] (nam)

Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (nōm)

desc

Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (nōm)

Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (nām)

Phalura: [script needed] (nō̃)

Shina: [script needed] (nom)

Shumashti: [script needed] (nām)

Tirahi: [script needed] (nām)

Torwali: [script needed] (nām)

Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (nām)

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)

Sinhalese: නම (nama)

Khasa Prakrit:

Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)

Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)

Assamese: নাম (nam)

Bengali: নাম (nam)

Bihari:

Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)

Odia: ନାମ (nāma)

Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)

desctree

Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav

Pali: nāma

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀸𑀫 (ṇāma)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
Awadhi: नाउँ (nāũ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ނަން (nan̊)
Sinhalese: නම (nama)
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: नौं (na͠u)
Nepali: नाउँ (nāũ)
Magadhi Prakrit:
Assamese: নাম (nam)
Bengali: নাম (nam)
Bhojpuri: नाउँ (nāũ)
Odia: ନାମ (nāma)
Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠝ (nam)
Maharastri Prakrit:
Konkani: nāv
Devanagari script: नाव
Kannada script: ನಾವ್
Latin script: nav
Old Marathi: nāva, nāṃva
Modi script: 𑘡𑘰𑘪, 𑘡𑘰𑘽𑘪
Devanagari script: नाव, नांव
Marathi: नाव (nāv)
Paisaci Prakrit:
Punjabi: nā̃
Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ
Shahmukhi script: ناں
Sindhi:
Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
Old Gujarati: नाम (nāma)
Gujarati: નામ (nām)
Hindustani: nām
Hindi: नाम
Urdu: نَام (nām)
Romani: nav

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਨਾਂ (nā̃), ਨਾਉਂ (nāũ)

Shahmukhi script: ناں (nāṉ)

Vracada Apabhramsa:

Sindhi:

Devanagari script: नाउँ (nāũ)

/ˈn̪ɑː.mɐn̪/

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hnā́ma, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄνομα (ónoma), Latin nōmen, Avestan 𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥 (nāman), Proto-Slavic *jьmę, Old Persian 𐎴𐎠𐎶 (n-a-m /nāma/) (whence Persian نام (nâm)), Hittite 𒆷𒀀𒈠𒀭 (lāman), Old English nama (whence English name).

नाम अधात्

(with √kṛ or √vi-dhā)

a characteristic mark or sign, form, nature, kind, manner

नामधारक नामधारक#Sanskrit

नाममात्र नाममात्र#Sanskrit

नामशेष नामशेष#Sanskrit

merely the name (as opposed to reality; compare नामधारक (nāmadhāraka), नाममात्र (nāmamātra), नामशेष (nāmaśeṣa) etc.)

mīmāṃsā mīmāṃsā

substance, essence (in the mīmāṃsā philosophy opposed to guṇa, accidental quality)

श्वनामन् श्वनामन्#Sanskrit

सुमन्तुनामन् सुमन्तुनामन्#Sanskrit

a good or great name, renown, fame (only at the end of a compound; compare श्वनामन् (śvanāman), सुमन्तुनामन् (sumantunāman))


अंस

áṃsa (romanization)
अंसः (nominative singular)
अंसौ (dual nominative)
अंसा1 (dual nominative)
अंसाः (nominative plural)
अंसासः1 (nominative plural)
अंस (singular vocative)
अंसौ (dual vocative)
अंसा1 (dual vocative)
अंसाः (plural vocative)
अंसासः1 (plural vocative)
अंसम् (accusative singular)
अंसौ (accusative dual)
अंसा1 (accusative dual)
अंसान् (accusative plural)
अंसेन (instrumental singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अंसैः (instrumental plural)
अंसेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
अंसाय (dative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (dative plural)
अंसात् (ablative singular)
अंसाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अंसेभ्यः (ablative plural)
अंसस्य (genitive singular)
अंसयोः (dual genitive)
अंसानाम् (genitive plural)
अंसे (locative singular)
अंसयोः (dual locative)
अंसेषु (locative plural)

Pali: aṃsa

Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀁𑀲 (aṃsa)

Hindi: हाँस (hā̃s)

→ Odia: ଅଂସ (aṁsa)

→ Marathi: अंश (auśa)

→ Tamil: அம்ஸம் (amsam)

→ Telugu: అంసము (aṁsamu)

→ Malayalam: അംസം (aṁsaṁ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂óms-o-s (“shoulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”), Latin umerus (“shoulder”) (whence English humerus); Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams, “shoulder”).

ऋष्टयो वो मरुतो अंसयोर्अधि सह ओजो बाह्वोर्वो बलं हितम्।

Borne on both shoulders, O ye Maruts, are your spears: within your arms is laid your energy and strength.

ṛṣṭayo vo maruto aṃsayoradhi saha ojo bāhvorvo balaṃ hitam.

(in the dual) the two shoulders or angles of an altar


हरि

hári (romanization)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीन् (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्यः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्यः1 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीः (accusative plural)
हर्या (instrumental singular)
हरी1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हर्यै2 (dative singular)
हरी1 (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्याः2 (ablative singular)
हर्यै3 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्याः2 (genitive singular)
हर्यै3 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हर्याम्2 (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)
हरि (nominative singular)
हरिणी (dual nominative)
हरीणि (nominative plural)
हरि1 (nominative plural)
हरी1 (nominative plural)
हरि (singular vocative)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरिणी (dual vocative)
हरीणि (plural vocative)
हरि1 (plural vocative)
हरी1 (plural vocative)
हरि (accusative singular)
हरिणी (accusative dual)
हरीणि (accusative plural)
हरि1 (accusative plural)
हरी1 (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरिणे (dative singular)
हरये1 (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरिणः (ablative singular)
हरेः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरिणः (genitive singular)
हरेः1 (genitive singular)
हरिणोः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरिणि (locative singular)
हरौ1 (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हरिणोः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰárHiṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-i-s, from *ǵʰelh₃-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (zaⁱri), Persian زر (zar, “gold”).


हरि

hári (romanization)
हरिः (nominative singular)
हरी (dual nominative)
हरयः (nominative plural)
हरे (singular vocative)
हरी (dual vocative)
हरयः (plural vocative)
हरिम् (accusative singular)
हरी (accusative dual)
हरीन् (accusative plural)
हरिणा (instrumental singular)
हर्या1 (instrumental singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
हरिभिः (instrumental plural)
हरये (dative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (dative dual)
हरिभ्यः (dative plural)
हरेः (ablative singular)
हर्यः1 (ablative singular)
हरिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
हरिभ्यः (ablative plural)
हरेः (genitive singular)
हर्यः1 (genitive singular)
हर्योः (dual genitive)
हरीणाम् (genitive plural)
हरौ (locative singular)
हरा1 (locative singular)
हर्योः (dual locative)
हरिषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: hari (“lion”)
> Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (hari) (inherited)

मनुष्याः मनुष्य

(in the plural) men, people (= मनुष्याः)


हरि

a name of Vishnu and Krishna (in this sense thought by some to be derived from √hṛ, 'to take away or remove evil or sin')

a name of a son of Akampaua (or Anukampana)

name of various authors and scholars (especially of the poet Bhartṛi-hari as the author of the Vākya-padīya)

name (also with miśra, bhaṭṭa, dīkṣita etc.)

name a particular class of gods under Manu Tāmasa


अस्ति

sa-verb

अस्ति • (ásti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, root अस्)

ásti (romanization)
अस् (root)
अस्ति (present)
अस्ति (active indicative singular third-person)
स्तः (active dual indicative third-person)
सन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
असि (active indicative second-person singular)
स्थः (active dual indicative second-person)
स्थ (active indicative plural second-person)
स्थन (active indicative plural second-person)
अस्मि (active first-person indicative singular)
स्वः (active dual first-person indicative)
स्व (active dual first-person indicative)
स्मः (active first-person indicative plural)
स्मसि (active first-person indicative plural)
स्म (active first-person indicative plural)
अस्तु (active imperative singular third-person)
स्ताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
सन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
एधि (active imperative second-person singular)
स्तात् (active imperative second-person singular)
स्तम् (active dual imperative second-person)
स्त (active imperative plural second-person)
असानि (active first-person imperative singular)
असाव (active dual first-person imperative)
असाम (active first-person imperative plural)
स्यात् (active imperative singular third-person)
स्याताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
स्युः (active imperative plural third-person)
स्याः (active imperative second-person singular)
स्यातम् (active dual imperative second-person)
स्यात (active imperative plural second-person)
स्यातन (active imperative plural second-person)
स्याम् (active first-person imperative singular)
स्याव (active dual first-person imperative)
स्यावः (active dual first-person imperative)
स्याम (active first-person imperative plural)
स्यामः (active first-person imperative plural)
असत् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
असति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
असतः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
असन् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
असः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
अससि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
असथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
असथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
असानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
असा (active first-person singular subjunctive)
असाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
असाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
सत् (active participle)
आसीत् (imperfect)
आः (imperfect)
आसीत् (active indicative singular third-person)
आः (active indicative singular third-person)
आस्ताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
आसन् (active indicative plural third-person)
आसीः (active indicative second-person singular)
आः (active indicative second-person singular)
आस्तम् (active dual indicative second-person)
आस्त (active indicative plural second-person)
आसम् (active first-person indicative singular)
आस्व (active dual first-person indicative)
आस्म (active first-person indicative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀺 (asti)
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
Old Marathi: 𑘁𑘝𑘲 (ātī), 𑘁𑘞𑘲 (āthī)
Marathi: आथि (āthi) (poetic)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺 (atthi)
Old Hindi: आथना (āthanā)
Hindustani: āthnā
Hindi: आथना
Urdu: آتَھنا (āthanā)
Sindhi:
Arabic script: اَٿَ (atha)
Devanagari script: अथ (atha)

Konkani:

Kodiali: असूंचे (asūñce)

Goan: आस्चे (āsce)

Maharashtrian: आस्चे (āsce) (not to be confused with Marathi असणे (asṇe, “to be”), which comes from Sanskrit आक्षेति (ā́kṣeti, “to be”)

Dardic:

Northeast Pashayi: āsta

Northwest Pashayi: āsta

Southeast Pashayi: āsta

Southwest Pashayi: āsta

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: ඇති (æti)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hásti (“to be”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“to be”), from *h₁es-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí), Latin est, Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/), Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi), Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Gothic 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist), English is.

to fall to the share of. happen to any one (+ genitive)

c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 14

तेषां वेदविदो ब्रूयुस्त्रयोऽप्येनः सुनिष्कृतिम् ।
सा तेषां पावनाय स्यात्पवित्रा विदुषां हि वाक् ॥
teṣāṃ vedavido brūyustrayoʼpyenaḥ suniṣkṛtim.

By his origin alone a Brahmana is a deity even for the gods
and (his teaching is) authoritative for men, because the Veda is the foundation for that.

sā teṣāṃ pāvanāya syātpavitrā viduṣāṃ hi vāk.

to turn out, tend towards any result, prove (with dative)

c. 700 BCE, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad

to be (i.e. used as copula, but not only with adjective, but also with adverb)


सुवति

sa-verb

सुवति • (suváti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, root सू)

suváti (romanization)
सू (root)
सुवति (present)
सुवते (present)
सुवति (active indicative singular third-person)
सुवतः (active dual indicative third-person)
सुवन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
सुवते (indicative singular third-person)
सुवेते (dual indicative third-person)
सुवन्ते (indicative plural third-person)
सुवसि (active indicative second-person singular)
सुवथः (active dual indicative second-person)
सुवथ (active indicative plural second-person)
सुवसे (indicative second-person singular)
सुवेथे (dual indicative second-person)
सुवध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
सुवामि (active first-person indicative singular)
सुवावः (active dual first-person indicative)
सुवामः (active first-person indicative plural)
सुवामसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
सुवे (first-person indicative singular)
सुवावहे (dual first-person indicative)
सुवामहे (first-person indicative plural)
सुवतु (active imperative singular third-person)
सुवताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
सुवन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
सुवताम् (imperative singular third-person)
सुवेताम् (dual imperative third-person)
सुवन्ताम् (imperative plural third-person)
सुव (active imperative second-person singular)
सुवतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
सुवत (active imperative plural second-person)
सुवस्व (imperative second-person singular)
सुवेथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
सुवध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
सुवानि (active first-person imperative singular)
सुवाव (active dual first-person imperative)
सुवाम (active first-person imperative plural)
सुवै (first-person imperative singular)
सुवावहै (dual first-person imperative)
सुवामहै (first-person imperative plural)
सुवेत् (active imperative singular third-person)
सुवेताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
सुवेयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
सुवेत (imperative singular third-person)
सुवेयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
सुवेरन् (imperative plural third-person)
सुवेः (active imperative second-person singular)
सुवेतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
सुवेत (active imperative plural second-person)
सुवेथाः (imperative second-person singular)
सुवेयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
सुवेध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
सुवेयम् (active first-person imperative singular)
सुवेव (active dual first-person imperative)
सुवेम (active first-person imperative plural)
सुवेय (first-person imperative singular)
सुवेवहि (dual first-person imperative)
सुवेमहि (first-person imperative plural)
सुवात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
सुवाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
सुवातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
सुवान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
सुवाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
सुवातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
सुवैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
सुवन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
सुवान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
सुवाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
सुवासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
सुवाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
सुवाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
सुवासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
सुवासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
सुवैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
सुवाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
सुवानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
सुवाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
सुवाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
सुवै (first-person singular subjunctive)
सुवावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
सुवामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
सुवत् (active participle)
सुवमान (participle)
असुवत् (imperfect)
असुवत (imperfect)
असुवत् (active indicative singular third-person)
असुवताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
असुवन् (active indicative plural third-person)
असुवत (indicative singular third-person)
असुवेताम् (dual indicative third-person)
असुवन्त (indicative plural third-person)
असुवः (active indicative second-person singular)
असुवतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
असुवत (active indicative plural second-person)
असुवथाः (indicative second-person singular)
असुवेथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
असुवध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
असुवम् (active first-person indicative singular)
असुवाव (active dual first-person indicative)
असुवाम (active first-person indicative plural)
असुवे (first-person indicative singular)
असुवावहि (dual first-person indicative)
असुवामहि (first-person indicative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHáti, from Proto-Indo-European *suh₁-é-ti, from *sewh₁- (“to set in motion, push forth”).

inh+

to set in motion, urge, impel, vivify, create, produce


घोर

ghorá (romanization)
घोरः (nominative singular)
घोरौ (dual nominative)
घोरा1 (dual nominative)
घोराः (nominative plural)
घोरासः1 (nominative plural)
घोर (singular vocative)
घोरौ (dual vocative)
घोरा1 (dual vocative)
घोराः (plural vocative)
घोरासः1 (plural vocative)
घोरम् (accusative singular)
घोरौ (accusative dual)
घोरा1 (accusative dual)
घोरान् (accusative plural)
घोरेण (instrumental singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोरैः (instrumental plural)
घोरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोराय (dative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोरात् (ablative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोरस्य (genitive singular)
घोरयोः (dual genitive)
घोराणाम् (genitive plural)
घोरे (locative singular)
घोरयोः (dual locative)
घोरेषु (locative plural)
घोरा (nominative singular)
घोरे (dual nominative)
घोराः (nominative plural)
घोरे (singular vocative)
घोरे (dual vocative)
घोराः (plural vocative)
घोराम् (accusative singular)
घोरे (accusative dual)
घोराः (accusative plural)
घोरया (instrumental singular)
घोरा1 (instrumental singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोराभिः (instrumental plural)
घोरायै (dative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोराभ्यः (dative plural)
घोरायाः (ablative singular)
घोरायै2 (ablative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोराभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोरायाः (genitive singular)
घोरायै2 (genitive singular)
घोरयोः (dual genitive)
घोराणाम् (genitive plural)
घोरायाम् (locative singular)
घोरयोः (dual locative)
घोरासु (locative plural)
घोरम् (nominative singular)
घोरे (dual nominative)
घोराणि (nominative plural)
घोरा1 (nominative plural)
घोर (singular vocative)
घोरे (dual vocative)
घोराणि (plural vocative)
घोरा1 (plural vocative)
घोरम् (accusative singular)
घोरे (accusative dual)
घोराणि (accusative plural)
घोरा1 (accusative plural)
घोरेण (instrumental singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोरैः (instrumental plural)
घोरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोराय (dative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोरात् (ablative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोरस्य (genitive singular)
घोरयोः (dual genitive)
घोराणाम् (genitive plural)
घोरे (locative singular)
घोरयोः (dual locative)
घोरेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: ghora
> Javanese: ꦒꦺꦴꦫ (gora) (inherited)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gʰawrás, form Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰawrás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰow-rós, from *gʰew- (“to be angry”).

terrific, frightful, terrible, dreadful, violent, vehement


घोर

ghorá (romanization)
घोरः (nominative singular)
घोरौ (dual nominative)
घोरा1 (dual nominative)
घोराः (nominative plural)
घोरासः1 (nominative plural)
घोर (singular vocative)
घोरौ (dual vocative)
घोरा1 (dual vocative)
घोराः (plural vocative)
घोरासः1 (plural vocative)
घोरम् (accusative singular)
घोरौ (accusative dual)
घोरा1 (accusative dual)
घोरान् (accusative plural)
घोरेण (instrumental singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
घोरैः (instrumental plural)
घोरेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
घोराय (dative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (dative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (dative plural)
घोरात् (ablative singular)
घोराभ्याम् (ablative dual)
घोरेभ्यः (ablative plural)
घोरस्य (genitive singular)
घोरयोः (dual genitive)
घोराणाम् (genitive plural)
घोरे (locative singular)
घोरयोः (dual locative)
घोरेषु (locative plural)

"horrible action", magic formulas or charms


जानाति

sa-verb

जानाति • (jānā́ti) third-singular indicative (class 9, type P, present, root ज्ञा)

jānā́ti (romanization)
ज्ञा (root)
जानाति (present)
जानीते (present)
जानाति (active indicative singular third-person)
जानीतः (active dual indicative third-person)
जानन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
जानीते (indicative singular third-person)
जानाते (dual indicative third-person)
जानते (indicative plural third-person)
जानासि (active indicative second-person singular)
जानीथः (active dual indicative second-person)
जानीथ (active indicative plural second-person)
जानीषे (indicative second-person singular)
जानाथे (dual indicative second-person)
जानीध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
जानामि (active first-person indicative singular)
जानीवः (active dual first-person indicative)
जानीमः (active first-person indicative plural)
जानीमसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
जाने (first-person indicative singular)
जानीवहे (dual first-person indicative)
जानीमहे (first-person indicative plural)
जानातु (active imperative singular third-person)
जानीताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
जानन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
जानीताम् (imperative singular third-person)
जानाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
जानताम् (imperative plural third-person)
जानीहि (active imperative second-person singular)
जानीतात् (active imperative second-person singular)
जानीतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
जानीत (active imperative plural second-person)
जानीष्व (imperative second-person singular)
जानाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
जानीध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
जानानि (active first-person imperative singular)
जानाव (active dual first-person imperative)
जानाम (active first-person imperative plural)
जानै (first-person imperative singular)
जानावहै (dual first-person imperative)
जानामहै (first-person imperative plural)
जानीयात् (active imperative singular third-person)
जानीयाताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
जानीयुः (active imperative plural third-person)
जानीत (imperative singular third-person)
जानीयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
जानीरन् (imperative plural third-person)
जानीयाः (active imperative second-person singular)
जानीयातम् (active dual imperative second-person)
जानीयात (active imperative plural second-person)
जानीथाः (imperative second-person singular)
जानीयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
जानीयाम् (active first-person imperative singular)
जानीयाव (active dual first-person imperative)
जानीयाम (active first-person imperative plural)
जानीय (first-person imperative singular)
जानीवहि (dual first-person imperative)
जानीमहि (first-person imperative plural)
जानात् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
जानाति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
जानातः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
जानान् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
जानाते (singular subjunctive third-person)
जानातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
जानैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
जानान्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
जानान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
जानाः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
जानासि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
जानाथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
जानाथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
जानासे (second-person singular subjunctive)
जानासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
जानैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
जानाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
जानानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
जाना (active first-person singular subjunctive)
जानाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
जानाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
जानै (first-person singular subjunctive)
जानावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
जानामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
जानत् (active participle)
जानान (participle)
अजानात् (imperfect)
अजानीत (imperfect)
अजानात् (active indicative singular third-person)
अजानीताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अजानन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अजानीत (indicative singular third-person)
अजानाताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अजानत (indicative plural third-person)
अजानाः (active indicative second-person singular)
अजानीतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अजानीत (active indicative plural second-person)
अजानीथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अजानाथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अजानीध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अजानाम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अजानीव (active dual first-person indicative)
अजानीम (active first-person indicative plural)
अजानि (first-person indicative singular)
अजानीवहि (dual first-person indicative)
अजानीमहि (first-person indicative plural)

sa-conj

jānīhí,jānītā́t¹

Dardic:

Dameli: [script needed] (zān)

Kalasha: [script needed] (ǰhonem)

Kashmiri: زانُن (zānun)

Khowar: ژانک (žaník)

Phalura: جھون (ǰhōn)

Shumashti: [script needed] (zāni)

Torwali: جن (ǰan)

Pali: jānāti

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
Central:
Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï)
Awadhi: जानब (jānab)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
Hindustani:
Hindi: जानना (jānnā)
Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)
Romani: ʒanel
→ Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)
Eastern:
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi)
Bengali-Assamese:
Assamese: জানা (zana), জনা (zona)
Bengali: জানা (jana)
Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠣ (zana)
Bihari:
Bhojpuri: जानल (jānal)
Maithili: जानब (jānab)
Odia: ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā)
Northern:
Khasa Prakrit:
Garhwali: जाण्नु (jāṇnu)
Kumaoni: जाण्णो (jāṇṇo)
Nepali: जान्नु (jānnu)
Northwestern:
Paisaci Prakrit:
Takka Apabhramsa:
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਣਨਾ (jāṇnā)
Shahmukhi script: جاننا (jānnā)
Vracada Apabhramsa:
Sindhi:
Arabic script: ڄَاڻَڻُ
Devanagari script: ॼाणणु
Southern:
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ދަންނަނީ (dan̊nanī)
Sinhalese: දන්නවා (dannawā)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï)
Konkani: jāṇce
Devanagari script: जाण्चे
Kannada script: ಜಾಣ್ಚೆ
Latin script: zannche
Old Marathi: jāṇaṇe
Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘜𑘹
Devanagari script: जाणणे
Marathi: जाणणे (jāṇṇe)
Western:
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
Gurjara Apabhramsa:
Old Gujarati: जाणिवउं (jāṇivaũ)
Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
Marwari: जाणणौ (jāṇṇau)

/d͡ʑɑːˈn̪ɑː.t̪i/

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know”), from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zānaⁱti), Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐏃𐎹 (x-š-n-a-s-a-h-y /xšnāsāhiy/), Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), Russian знать (znatʹ), Old English cnāwan (whence English know).

cog

to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with

to perceive, apprehend, understand, experience, recognize, ascertain, investigate

to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as

(with मृषा (mṛṣā)) to consider as untrue

with मृषा (mṛṣā)

to recognize as one's own, take possession of

to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine


हन्ति

sa-verb

हन्ति • (hánti) third-singular indicative (class 2, type P, root हन्)

hánti (romanization)
हन् (root)
हन्ति (present)
हते (present)
हन्ति (active indicative singular third-person)
हतः (active dual indicative third-person)
घ्नन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
हते (indicative singular third-person)
घ्नाते (dual indicative third-person)
घ्नते (indicative plural third-person)
हंसि (active indicative second-person singular)
हथः (active dual indicative second-person)
हथ (active indicative plural second-person)
हसे (indicative second-person singular)
घ्नाथे (dual indicative second-person)
हध्वे (indicative plural second-person)
हन्मि (active first-person indicative singular)
हन्वः (active dual first-person indicative)
हन्मः (active first-person indicative plural)
हन्मसि1 (active first-person indicative plural)
घ्ने (first-person indicative singular)
हन्वहे (dual first-person indicative)
हन्महे (first-person indicative plural)
हन्तु (active imperative singular third-person)
हताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
घ्नन्तु (active imperative plural third-person)
हताम् (imperative singular third-person)
घ्नाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
घ्नताम् (imperative plural third-person)
जहि (active imperative second-person singular)
हन्धि (active imperative second-person singular)
हतम् (active dual imperative second-person)
हत (active imperative plural second-person)
हस्व (imperative second-person singular)
घ्नाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
हध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
हनानि (active first-person imperative singular)
हनाव (active dual first-person imperative)
हनाम (active first-person imperative plural)
हन्म (active first-person imperative plural)
हनै (first-person imperative singular)
हनावहै (dual first-person imperative)
हनामहै (first-person imperative plural)
हन्यात् (active imperative singular third-person)
हन्याताम् (active dual imperative third-person)
हन्युः (active imperative plural third-person)
हनीत (imperative singular third-person)
घ्नीत (imperative singular third-person)
हनीयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
घ्नीयाताम् (dual imperative third-person)
हनीरन् (imperative plural third-person)
घ्नीरन् (imperative plural third-person)
हन्याः (active imperative second-person singular)
हन्यातम् (active dual imperative second-person)
हन्यात (active imperative plural second-person)
हनीथाः (imperative second-person singular)
घ्नीथाः (imperative second-person singular)
हनीयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
घ्नीयाथाम् (dual imperative second-person)
हनीध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
घ्नीध्वम् (imperative plural second-person)
हन्याम् (active first-person imperative singular)
हन्याव (active dual first-person imperative)
हन्याम (active first-person imperative plural)
हनीय (first-person imperative singular)
घ्नीय (first-person imperative singular)
हनीवहि (dual first-person imperative)
घ्नीवहि (dual first-person imperative)
हनीमहि (first-person imperative plural)
घ्नीमहि (first-person imperative plural)
हनत् (active singular subjunctive third-person)
हनति (active singular subjunctive third-person)
हनतः (active dual subjunctive third-person)
हनन् (active plural subjunctive third-person)
हनते (singular subjunctive third-person)
हनातै (singular subjunctive third-person)
हनैते (dual subjunctive third-person)
हनन्त (plural subjunctive third-person)
हनान्तै (plural subjunctive third-person)
हनः (active second-person singular subjunctive)
हनसि (active second-person singular subjunctive)
हनथः (active dual second-person subjunctive)
हनथ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
हनसे (second-person singular subjunctive)
हनासै (second-person singular subjunctive)
हनैथे (dual second-person subjunctive)
हनाध्वै (plural second-person subjunctive)
हनानि (active first-person singular subjunctive)
हना (active first-person singular subjunctive)
हनाव (active dual first-person subjunctive)
हनाम (active first-person plural subjunctive)
हनै (first-person singular subjunctive)
हनावहै (dual first-person subjunctive)
हनामहै (first-person plural subjunctive)
घ्नत् (active participle)
घ्नान (participle)
अहन् (imperfect)
अहत (imperfect)
अहन् (active indicative singular third-person)
अहताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अघ्नन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अहत (indicative singular third-person)
अघ्नाताम् (dual indicative third-person)
अघ्नत (indicative plural third-person)
अहन् (active indicative second-person singular)
अहतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अहत (active indicative plural second-person)
अहथाः (indicative second-person singular)
अघ्नाथाम् (dual indicative second-person)
अहध्वम् (indicative plural second-person)
अहनम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अहन्व (active dual first-person indicative)
अहन्म (active first-person indicative plural)
अघ्नि (first-person indicative singular)
अहन्वहि (dual first-person indicative)
अहन्महि (first-person indicative plural)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰánti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti (“to strike; slay, kill”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “I strike, wound”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (jainti), Old Armenian գան (gan) and ջնեմ (ǰnem), Latin offendō, Old Church Slavonic гънати (gŭnati), Old English bana (English bane) and gūþ (“battle”).

cog

to strike, beat (also a drum), pound, hammer (+ accusative) etc.; upon (+ locative)


ह्वरति

sa-verb

ह्वरति • (hvárati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root ह्वृ)

hvárati (romanization)
ह्वृ (root)
ह्वरति (present)
ह्वरते (present)
ह्वृयते (present)
ह्वरति (active indicative singular third-person)
ह्वरतः (active dual indicative third-person)
ह्वरन्ति (active indicative plural third-person)
ह्वरते (indicative middle-voice singular third-person)
ह्वरेते (dual indicative middle-voice third-person)
ह्वरन्ते (indicative middle-voice plural third-person)
ह्वृयते (indicative passive singular third-person)
ह्वृयेते (dual indicative passive third-person)
ह्वृयन्ते (indicative passive plural third-person)
ह्वरसि (active indicative second-person singular)
ह्वरथः (active dual indicative second-person)
ह्वरथ (active indicative plural second-person)
ह्वरसे (indicative middle-voice second-person singular)
ह्वरेथे (dual indicative middle-voice second-person)
ह्वरध्वे (indicative middle-voice plural second-person)
ह्वृयसे (indicative passive second-person singular)
ह्वृयेथे (dual indicative passive second-person)
ह्वृयध्वे (indicative passive plural second-person)
ह्वरामि (active first-person indicative singular)
ह्वरावः (active dual first-person indicative)
ह्वरामः (active first-person indicative plural)
ह्वरे (first-person indicative middle-voice singular)
ह्वरावहे (dual first-person indicative middle-voice)
ह्वरामहे (first-person indicative middle-voice plural)
ह्वृये (first-person indicative passive singular)
ह्वृयावहे (dual first-person indicative passive)
ह्वृयामहे (first-person indicative passive plural)
ह्वरतु (active indicative singular third-person)
ह्वरताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
ह्वरन्तु (active indicative plural third-person)
ह्वरताम् (indicative middle-voice singular third-person)
ह्वरेताम् (dual indicative middle-voice third-person)
ह्वरन्ताम् (indicative middle-voice plural third-person)
ह्वृयताम् (indicative passive singular third-person)
ह्वृयेताम् (dual indicative passive third-person)
ह्वृयन्ताम् (indicative passive plural third-person)
ह्वर (active indicative second-person singular)
ह्वरतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
ह्वरत (active indicative plural second-person)
ह्वरस्व (indicative middle-voice second-person singular)
ह्वरेथाम् (dual indicative middle-voice second-person)
ह्वरध्वम् (indicative middle-voice plural second-person)
ह्वृयस्व (indicative passive second-person singular)
ह्वृयेथाम् (dual indicative passive second-person)
ह्वृयध्वम् (indicative passive plural second-person)
ह्वराणि (active first-person indicative singular)
ह्वराव (active dual first-person indicative)
ह्वराम (active first-person indicative plural)
ह्वरै (first-person indicative middle-voice singular)
ह्वरावहै (dual first-person indicative middle-voice)
ह्वरामहै (first-person indicative middle-voice plural)
ह्वृयै (first-person indicative passive singular)
ह्वृयावहै (dual first-person indicative passive)
ह्वृयामहै (first-person indicative passive plural)
ह्वरेत् (active indicative singular third-person)
ह्वरेताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
ह्वरेयुः (active indicative plural third-person)
ह्वरेत (indicative middle-voice singular third-person)
ह्वरेयाताम् (dual indicative middle-voice third-person)
ह्वरेरन् (indicative middle-voice plural third-person)
ह्वृयेत (indicative passive singular third-person)
ह्वृयेयाताम् (dual indicative passive third-person)
ह्वृयेरन् (indicative passive plural third-person)
ह्वरेः (active indicative second-person singular)
ह्वरेतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
ह्वरेत (active indicative plural second-person)
ह्वरेथाः (indicative middle-voice second-person singular)
ह्वरेयाथाम् (dual indicative middle-voice second-person)
ह्वरेध्वम् (indicative middle-voice plural second-person)
ह्वृयेथाः (indicative passive second-person singular)
ह्वृयेयाथाम् (dual indicative passive second-person)
ह्वृयेध्वम् (indicative passive plural second-person)
ह्वरेयम् (active first-person indicative singular)
ह्वरेव (active dual first-person indicative)
ह्वरेमः (active first-person indicative plural)
ह्वरेय (first-person indicative middle-voice singular)
ह्वरेवहि (dual first-person indicative middle-voice)
ह्वरेमहि (first-person indicative middle-voice plural)
ह्वृयेय (first-person indicative passive singular)
ह्वृयेवहि (dual first-person indicative passive)
ह्वृयेमहि (first-person indicative passive plural)
ह्वरत् (active participle singular)
or (active dual participle)
ह्वरन्त् (active participle plural)
ह्वरमान (middle-voice participle)
ह्वृयमान (participle passive)
अह्वरत् (imperfect)
अह्वरत (imperfect)
अह्वृयत (imperfect)
अह्वरत् (active indicative singular third-person)
अह्वरताम् (active dual indicative third-person)
अह्वरन् (active indicative plural third-person)
अह्वरत (indicative middle-voice singular third-person)
अह्वरेताम् (dual indicative middle-voice third-person)
अह्वरन्त (indicative middle-voice plural third-person)
अह्वृयत (indicative passive singular third-person)
अह्वृयेताम् (dual indicative passive third-person)
अह्वृयन्त (indicative passive plural third-person)
अह्वरः (active indicative second-person singular)
अह्वरतम् (active dual indicative second-person)
अह्वरत (active indicative plural second-person)
अह्वरथाः (indicative middle-voice second-person singular)
अह्वरेथाम् (dual indicative middle-voice second-person)
अह्वरध्वम् (indicative middle-voice plural second-person)
अह्वृयथाः (indicative passive second-person singular)
अह्वृयेथाम् (dual indicative passive second-person)
अह्वृयध्वम् (indicative passive plural second-person)
अह्वरम् (active first-person indicative singular)
अह्वराव (active dual first-person indicative)
अह्वराम (active first-person indicative plural)
अह्वरे (first-person indicative middle-voice singular)
अह्वरावहि (dual first-person indicative middle-voice)
अह्वरामहि (first-person indicative middle-voice plural)
अह्वृये (first-person indicative passive singular)
अह्वृयावहि (dual first-person indicative passive)
अह्वृयामहि (first-person indicative passive plural)
ह्वरिष्यति (active future person singular third-person)
ह्वरिष्यतः (active dual future person third-person)
ह्वरिष्यन्ति (active future person plural third-person)
ह्वरिष्यते (future middle-voice person singular third-person)
ह्वरिष्येते (dual future middle-voice person third-person)
ह्वरिष्यन्ते (future middle-voice person plural third-person)
ह्वरिष्यसि (active future person second-person singular)
ह्वरिष्यथः (active dual future person second-person)
ह्वरिष्यथ (active future person plural second-person)
ह्वरिष्यसे (future middle-voice person second-person singular)
ह्वरिष्येथे (dual future middle-voice person second-person)
ह्वरिष्यध्वे (future middle-voice person plural second-person)
ह्वरिष्यामि (active first-person future person singular)
ह्वरिष्यावः (active dual first-person future person)
ह्वरिष्यामः (active first-person future person plural)
ह्वरिष्ये (first-person future middle-voice person singular)
ह्वरिष्यावहे (dual first-person future middle-voice person)
ह्वरिष्यामहे (first-person future middle-voice person plural)
ह्वर्ता (active future person singular third-person)
ह्वर्तारौ (active dual future person third-person)
ह्वर्तारः (active future person plural third-person)
ह्वर्तासि (active future person second-person singular)
ह्वर्तास्थः (active dual future person second-person)
ह्वर्तास्थ (active future person plural second-person)
ह्वर्तास्मि (active first-person future person singular)
ह्वर्तास्वः (active dual first-person future person)
ह्वर्तास्मः (active first-person future person plural)

/ˈɦʋɐ.ɾɐ.t̪i/

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to bend”).

der+

to deviate or diverge from the right line

to cause to go crookedly, lead wrong or astray


जानु

jā́nu (romanization)
जानु (nominative singular)
जानुनी (dual nominative)
जानूनि (nominative plural)
जानु1 (nominative plural)
जानू1 (nominative plural)
जानु (singular vocative)
जानो (singular vocative)
जानुनी (dual vocative)
जानूनि (plural vocative)
जानु1 (plural vocative)
जानू1 (plural vocative)
जानु (accusative singular)
जानुनी (accusative dual)
जानूनि (accusative plural)
जानु1 (accusative plural)
जानू1 (accusative plural)
जानुना (instrumental singular)
जान्वा1 (instrumental singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जानुभिः (instrumental plural)
जानुने (dative singular)
जानवे1 (dative singular)
जान्वे1 (dative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (dative dual)
जानुभ्यः (dative plural)
जानुनः (ablative singular)
जानोः1 (ablative singular)
जान्वः1 (ablative singular)
जानुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जानुभ्यः (ablative plural)
जानुनः (genitive singular)
जानोः1 (genitive singular)
जान्वः1 (genitive singular)
जानुनोः (dual genitive)
जानूनाम् (genitive plural)
जानुनि (locative singular)
जानौ1 (locative singular)
जानुनोः (dual locative)
जानुषु (locative plural)

Helu Prakrit:

Sinhalese: දන (dana)

Paisaci Prakrit:

Lahnda:

Khetrani: [script needed] (jā̃ṇu)

Pali: jānu

→ Telugu: జానువు (jānuvu)

/ˈd͡ʑɑː.n̪u/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́nu (“knee”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“knee”).
Cognate with Old Armenian ծունգք (cungkʻ), Ancient Greek γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), Latin genu (“knee”), Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬎 (zānu), Persian زانو (zânu), Old English cnēow (whence English knee)).

आच्या जानु दक्षिणतो निषद्येमं यज्ञमभि गृणीत विश्वे ।
मा हिंसिष्ट पितरः केन चिन्नो यद्व आगः पुरुषता कराम ॥
ācyā jānu dakṣiṇato niṣadyemaṃ yajñamabhi gṛṇīta viśve.

Bowing your bended knees and seated southward, accept this sacrifice of ours with favour.
Punish us not for any sin, O Fathers, which we through human frailty have committed.

mā hiṃsiṣṭa pitaraḥ kena cinno yadva āgaḥ puruṣatā karāma.


प्रकाश

prakāśa (romanization)
प्रकाशः (nominative singular)
प्रकाशौ (dual nominative)
प्रकाशा1 (dual nominative)
प्रकाशाः (nominative plural)
प्रकाशासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रकाश (singular vocative)
प्रकाशौ (dual vocative)
प्रकाशा1 (dual vocative)
प्रकाशाः (plural vocative)
प्रकाशासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रकाशम् (accusative singular)
प्रकाशौ (accusative dual)
प्रकाशा1 (accusative dual)
प्रकाशान् (accusative plural)
प्रकाशेन (instrumental singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रकाशैः (instrumental plural)
प्रकाशेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रकाशाय (dative singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रकाशेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रकाशात् (ablative singular)
प्रकाशाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रकाशेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रकाशस्य (genitive singular)
प्रकाशयोः (dual genitive)
प्रकाशानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रकाशे (locative singular)
प्रकाशयोः (dual locative)
प्रकाशेषु (locative plural)

→ Punjabi: ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ (prakāś)

desctree

→ Old Javanese: prakāśa, prakosa
> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦏꦱ (prakasa) (inherited)
> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦏꦺꦴꦱ (prakosa) (inherited)

/pɾɐ.kɑː.ɕɐ/

/pɾɐˈkɑː.ɕɐ/

प्र- (pra-) + काश (kāśa), from the root काश् (kāś).


अजा

ajā (romanization)
अजा (nominative singular)
अजे (dual nominative)
अजाः (nominative plural)
अजे (singular vocative)
अजे (dual vocative)
अजाः (plural vocative)
अजाम् (accusative singular)
अजे (accusative dual)
अजाः (accusative plural)
अजया (instrumental singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अजाभिः (instrumental plural)
अजायै (dative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
अजाभ्यः (dative plural)
अजायाः (ablative singular)
अजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अजाभ्यः (ablative plural)
अजायाः (genitive singular)
अजयोः (dual genitive)
अजानाम् (genitive plural)
अजायाम् (locative singular)
अजयोः (dual locative)
अजासु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of अजा

Feminine form of अज (aja, “he-goat, driver”), from the root अज् (aj, “to drive”).

प्रकृति प्रकृति

female noun of प्रकृति, of माया or Illusion

name of a plant whose bulbs resemble the udder of a goat


असि

así (romanization)
असिः (nominative singular)
असी (dual nominative)
असयः (nominative plural)
असे (singular vocative)
असी (dual vocative)
असयः (plural vocative)
असिम् (accusative singular)
असी (accusative dual)
असीन् (accusative plural)
असिना (instrumental singular)
अस्या1 (instrumental singular)
असिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
असिभिः (instrumental plural)
असये (dative singular)
असिभ्याम् (dative dual)
असिभ्यः (dative plural)
असेः (ablative singular)
अस्यः1 (ablative singular)
असिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
असिभ्यः (ablative plural)
असेः (genitive singular)
अस्यः1 (genitive singular)
अस्योः (dual genitive)
असीनाम् (genitive plural)
असौ (locative singular)
असा1 (locative singular)
अस्योः (dual locative)
असिषु (locative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂n̥sis (“dagger; knife”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬏 (ahū), Latin ēnsis, Palaic 𒄩𒅆𒄿𒊏 (ḫa-ši-i-ra /hasīra/, “dagger”).

cog

sword, scimitar, knife (used for killing animals)


असि

Pali: asi

→ Telugu: అసి (asi)


मोह

móha (romanization)
मुह् (root)
मोहः (nominative singular)
मोहौ (dual nominative)
मोहा1 (dual nominative)
मोहाः (nominative plural)
मोहासः1 (nominative plural)
मोह (singular vocative)
मोहौ (dual vocative)
मोहा1 (dual vocative)
मोहाः (plural vocative)
मोहासः1 (plural vocative)
मोहम् (accusative singular)
मोहौ (accusative dual)
मोहा1 (accusative dual)
मोहान् (accusative plural)
मोहेन (instrumental singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
मोहैः (instrumental plural)
मोहेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
मोहाय (dative singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (dative dual)
मोहेभ्यः (dative plural)
मोहात् (ablative singular)
मोहाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
मोहेभ्यः (ablative plural)
मोहस्य (genitive singular)
मोहयोः (dual genitive)
मोहानाम् (genitive plural)
मोहे (locative singular)
मोहयोः (dual locative)
मोहेषु (locative plural)

Konkani: मोग (mog, “love”)

→ Kannada: ಮೋಹ (mōha)

→ Tamil: மோகம் (mōkam)

→ Telugu: మోహము (mōhamu)

Japanese: 馬鹿 (“foolish; fool”)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máwǰʰas, from the root *mawǰʰ- ~ *mawgʰ- (“to err, to be foolish, to deviate”), with further origin uncertain.
The "strange palatal alternation" of the root's final consonant suggests a borrowing from a non-Indo-European language, perhaps the BMAC substrate due to the root's presence in both Indic and Iranic. Alternatively, it suggests contamination from similar roots, such as *dʰrúkš (“lie, deceive”), whence द्रुह् (druh, “injury”), and *gʰawȷ́ʰ- (“to hide, conceal”), whence गुह् (guh, “to conceal”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬆𐬴𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (əṣ̌əmaoγa, “teacher of false doctrines”), Middle Persian 'hl-mwg'n (“heretics”), Khotanese [script needed] (mūys-, “to be foolish”).

सेदिरुग्रा व्यृद्धिरार्तिश्चानपवाचना ।
श्रमस्तन्द्रीश्च मोहश्च तैरमून् अभि दधामि सर्वान् ॥
sedirugrā vyṛddhirārtiścānapavācanā.

c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 8.8.9

Great weakness and misfortune, pain which words can never charm away,
Languor, fatigue, bewilderment, with these I compass all the foes.

śramastandrīśca mohaśca tairamūn abhi dadhāmi sarvān.

loss of consciousness, bewilderment, perplexity, distraction, infatuation, delusion, error, folly

c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

(in philosophy) darkness or delusion of mind (preventing the discernment of truth and leading men to believe in the reality of worldly objects)

(with Buddhists) ignorance (one of the three roots of vice Dharmas. 139)

a magical art employed to bewilder an enemy (= मोहन)

Infatuation personified (as the offspring of ब्रह्मा)