जयिन्

jáyat (romanization)
जयी (nominative singular)
जयिनौ (dual nominative)
जयिना1 (dual nominative)
जयिनः (nominative plural)
जयिन् (singular vocative)
जयिनौ (dual vocative)
जयिना1 (dual vocative)
जयिनः (plural vocative)
जयिनम् (accusative singular)
जयिनौ (accusative dual)
जयिना1 (accusative dual)
जयिनः (accusative plural)
जयिना (instrumental singular)
जयिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयिभिः (instrumental plural)
जयिने (dative singular)
जयिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयिभ्यः (dative plural)
जयिनः (ablative singular)
जयिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयिनः (genitive singular)
जयिनोः (dual genitive)
जयिनाम् (genitive plural)
जयिनि (locative singular)
जयिनोः (dual locative)
जयिषु (locative plural)
जयिनी (nominative singular)
जयिन्यौ (dual nominative)
जयिनी1 (dual nominative)
जयिन्यः (nominative plural)
जयिनीः1 (nominative plural)
जयिनि (singular vocative)
जयिन्यौ (dual vocative)
जयिनी1 (dual vocative)
जयिन्यः (plural vocative)
जयिनीः1 (plural vocative)
जयिनीम् (accusative singular)
जयिन्यौ (accusative dual)
जयिनी1 (accusative dual)
जयिनीः (accusative plural)
जयिन्या (instrumental singular)
जयिनीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयिनीभिः (instrumental plural)
जयिन्यै (dative singular)
जयिनीभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयिनीभ्यः (dative plural)
जयिन्याः (ablative singular)
जयिन्यै2 (ablative singular)
जयिनीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयिनीभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयिन्याः (genitive singular)
जयिन्यै2 (genitive singular)
जयिन्योः (dual genitive)
जयिनीनाम् (genitive plural)
जयिन्याम् (locative singular)
जयिन्योः (dual locative)
जयिनीषु (locative plural)
जयि (nominative singular)
जयिनी (dual nominative)
जयीनि (nominative plural)
जयि (singular vocative)
जयिन् (singular vocative)
जयिनी (dual vocative)
जयीनि (plural vocative)
जयि (accusative singular)
जयिनी (accusative dual)
जयीनि (accusative plural)
जयिना (instrumental singular)
जयिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
जयिभिः (instrumental plural)
जयिने (dative singular)
जयिभ्याम् (dative dual)
जयिभ्यः (dative plural)
जयिनः (ablative singular)
जयिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
जयिभ्यः (ablative plural)
जयिनः (genitive singular)
जयिनोः (dual genitive)
जयिनाम् (genitive plural)
जयिनि (locative singular)
जयिनोः (dual locative)
जयिषु (locative plural)


उक्ष्

head

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

sa-root

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“wet, moist”).


उक्ष्

head

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

sa-root

उक्ष् • (ukṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“enlarge, augment”).


ទ្រុម

द्रुम द्रुम#Sanskrit


उपेक्षण

upekṣaṇa (romanization)
उपेक्षणम् (nominative singular)
उपेक्षणे (dual nominative)
उपेक्षणानि (nominative plural)
उपेक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
उपेक्षण (singular vocative)
उपेक्षणे (dual vocative)
उपेक्षणानि (plural vocative)
उपेक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
उपेक्षणम् (accusative singular)
उपेक्षणे (accusative dual)
उपेक्षणानि (accusative plural)
उपेक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
उपेक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
उपेक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपेक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
उपेक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपेक्षणाय (dative singular)
उपेक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपेक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपेक्षणात् (ablative singular)
उपेक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपेक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपेक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
उपेक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
उपेक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
उपेक्षणे (locative singular)
उपेक्षणयोः (dual locative)
उपेक्षणेषु (locative plural)

com

उप (upa) + ईक्ष् (īkṣ)

act of disregarding, overlooking, indifference, disregard


भरुकच्छ

bharukaccha (romanization)
भरुकच्छः (nominative singular)
भरुकच्छौ (dual nominative)
भरुकच्छा1 (dual nominative)
भरुकच्छाः (nominative plural)
भरुकच्छासः1 (nominative plural)
भरुकच्छ (singular vocative)
भरुकच्छौ (dual vocative)
भरुकच्छा1 (dual vocative)
भरुकच्छाः (plural vocative)
भरुकच्छासः1 (plural vocative)
भरुकच्छम् (accusative singular)
भरुकच्छौ (accusative dual)
भरुकच्छा1 (accusative dual)
भरुकच्छान् (accusative plural)
भरुकच्छेन (instrumental singular)
भरुकच्छाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
भरुकच्छैः (instrumental plural)
भरुकच्छेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
भरुकच्छाय (dative singular)
भरुकच्छाभ्याम् (dative dual)
भरुकच्छेभ्यः (dative plural)
भरुकच्छात् (ablative singular)
भरुकच्छाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
भरुकच्छेभ्यः (ablative plural)
भरुकच्छस्य (genitive singular)
भरुकच्छयोः (dual genitive)
भरुकच्छानाम् (genitive plural)
भरुकच्छे (locative singular)
भरुकच्छयोः (dual locative)
भरुकच्छेषु (locative plural)

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀪𑀭𑀼𑀓𑀘𑁆𑀙 (*bharukaccha)

Prakrit: 𑀪𑀭𑀼𑀅𑀘𑁆𑀙 (bharuaccha), *𑀪𑀭𑀼𑀕𑀘𑁆𑀙 (*bharugaccha)

Gujarati: ભરૂચ (bharūc)

→ Hindi: भरूच (bharūc)

→ English: Bharuch, Broach

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Βαρύγαζα (Barúgaza), Βαργοσα (Bargosa)
→ Latin: Barygaza

Pali: Bharukaccha

→⇒ Middle Chinese: 跋祿羯呫婆 (MC bat luwk kjot thep ba)

/bʱɐ.ɾuˈkɐt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ/

[bʱɐ.ɾuˈkɐt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ]

Seemingly from भरु (bharu, “sea”) + कच्छ (kaccha, “shore”), but the first element may be non-Indic; compare the alternative form मरुकच्छ (marukaccha). The form भृगुकच्छ (bhṛgukaccha) is folk-etymological.

af

An ancient Indian polity (janapada) located near modern Bharuch.


áhim

अहिम् अहिम्#Sanskrit


सुराष्ट्र

sa-adj

सुराष्ट्र • (súrāṣṭra) stem

súrāṣṭra (romanization)
सुराष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
सुराष्ट्रेन (instrumental singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
सुराष्ट्रानाम् (genitive plural)
सुराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
सुराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)
सुराष्ट्रा (nominative singular)
सुराष्ट्रे (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्रे (singular vocative)
सुराष्ट्रे (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्राम् (accusative singular)
सुराष्ट्रे (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्राः (accusative plural)
सुराष्ट्रया (instrumental singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुराष्ट्राभिः (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्रायै (dative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुराष्ट्राभ्यः (dative plural)
सुराष्ट्रायाः (ablative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुराष्ट्राभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुराष्ट्रायाः (genitive singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
सुराष्ट्रानाम् (genitive plural)
सुराष्ट्रायाम् (locative singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
सुराष्ट्रासु (locative plural)
सुराष्ट्रम् (nominative singular)
सुराष्ट्रे (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्रानि (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
सुराष्ट्रे (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्रानि (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
सुराष्ट्रे (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रानि (accusative plural)
सुराष्ट्रेन (instrumental singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
सुराष्ट्रानाम् (genitive plural)
सुराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
सुराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सुराष्ट्र

सुराष्ट्रान्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रात्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रान्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रात्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रेषु

sa-decl-noun

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुराष्ट्र

सुराष्ट्राम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभिः

सुराष्ट्रायै

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रायाः

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रायाः

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रायाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रासु

sa-decl-noun/cell

सुराष्ट्रायाः

सुराष्ट्राम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभिः

सुराष्ट्रायै

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रायाः

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रायाः

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रायाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रासु

sa-decl-noun

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">सुराष्ट्र</i>

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रात्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्रानि

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रात्

सुराष्ट्राभ्याम्

सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः

सुराष्ट्रस्य

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रानाम्

सुराष्ट्रयोः

सुराष्ट्रेषु

/sú.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/s̪uˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

From सु- (su-, “good”) + राष्ट्र (rāṣṭra, “realm, dominion”).


सुराष्ट्र

sa-proper noun

सुराष्ट्र • (súrāṣṭra) stem, m

súrāṣṭra (romanization)
सुराष्ट्रः (nominative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (dual nominative)
सुराष्ट्राः (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्रासः1 (nominative plural)
सुराष्ट्र (singular vocative)
सुराष्ट्रौ (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (dual vocative)
सुराष्ट्राः (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रासः1 (plural vocative)
सुराष्ट्रम् (accusative singular)
सुराष्ट्रौ (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रा1 (accusative dual)
सुराष्ट्रान् (accusative plural)
सुराष्ट्रेण (instrumental singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सुराष्ट्रैः (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्रेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
सुराष्ट्राय (dative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (dative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (dative plural)
सुराष्ट्रात् (ablative singular)
सुराष्ट्राभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सुराष्ट्रेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सुराष्ट्रस्य (genitive singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual genitive)
सुराष्ट्राणाम् (genitive plural)
सुराष्ट्रे (locative singular)
सुराष्ट्रयोः (dual locative)
सुराष्ट्रेषु (locative plural)

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀱𑁆𑀝 (*suraṣṭa)

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀭𑀝𑁆𑀞 (suraṭṭha)

Gurjara Apabhramsa: सुरट्ठु (suraṭṭhu)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Συραστρηνή (Surastrēnḗ)

→ Middle Chinese: 蘇剌佗 (MC su lat da|tha)

/sú.ɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

/s̪uˈɾɑːʂ.ʈɾɐ/

An ancient Indian polity (janapada) located in the region.


अहन्न्

sa-verb form

अहन्न् • (áhann)

sandhi form of अहन् (áhan, “struck, slew”)


पीडन

pīḍana (romanization)
पीडनम् (nominative singular)
पीडने (dual nominative)
पीडनानि (nominative plural)
पीडना1 (nominative plural)
पीडन (singular vocative)
पीडने (dual vocative)
पीडनानि (plural vocative)
पीडना1 (plural vocative)
पीडनम् (accusative singular)
पीडने (accusative dual)
पीडनानि (accusative plural)
पीडना1 (accusative plural)
पीडनेन (instrumental singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीडनैः (instrumental plural)
पीडनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पीडनाय (dative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (dative plural)
पीडनात् (ablative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीडनस्य (genitive singular)
पीडनयोः (dual genitive)
पीडनानाम् (genitive plural)
पीडने (locative singular)
पीडनयोः (dual locative)
पीडनेषु (locative plural)

the act of pressing or squeezing (R., Kathās., Gīt.)

press, an instrument for printing (Śuśr.)

the act of oppressing or suppressing, paining, harassing, afflicting (R., Kām., Rājat.)

devastation, laying a country waste (W.)

obscuration, eclipse (of a planet) (Śuśr.)

suppression (of sounds, a fault in pronunciation) (RPrāt.)


पीडन

pīḍana (romanization)
पीडनः (nominative singular)
पीडनौ (dual nominative)
पीडना1 (dual nominative)
पीडनाः (nominative plural)
पीडनासः1 (nominative plural)
पीडन (singular vocative)
पीडनौ (dual vocative)
पीडना1 (dual vocative)
पीडनाः (plural vocative)
पीडनासः1 (plural vocative)
पीडनम् (accusative singular)
पीडनौ (accusative dual)
पीडना1 (accusative dual)
पीडनान् (accusative plural)
पीडनेन (instrumental singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीडनैः (instrumental plural)
पीडनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पीडनाय (dative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (dative plural)
पीडनात् (ablative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीडनस्य (genitive singular)
पीडनयोः (dual genitive)
पीडनानाम् (genitive plural)
पीडने (locative singular)
पीडनयोः (dual locative)
पीडनेषु (locative plural)
पीडना (nominative singular)
पीडने (dual nominative)
पीडनाः (nominative plural)
पीडने (singular vocative)
पीडने (dual vocative)
पीडनाः (plural vocative)
पीडनाम् (accusative singular)
पीडने (accusative dual)
पीडनाः (accusative plural)
पीडनया (instrumental singular)
पीडना1 (instrumental singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीडनाभिः (instrumental plural)
पीडनायै (dative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीडनाभ्यः (dative plural)
पीडनायाः (ablative singular)
पीडनायै2 (ablative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीडनाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीडनायाः (genitive singular)
पीडनायै2 (genitive singular)
पीडनयोः (dual genitive)
पीडनानाम् (genitive plural)
पीडनायाम् (locative singular)
पीडनयोः (dual locative)
पीडनासु (locative plural)
पीडनम् (nominative singular)
पीडने (dual nominative)
पीडनानि (nominative plural)
पीडना1 (nominative plural)
पीडन (singular vocative)
पीडने (dual vocative)
पीडनानि (plural vocative)
पीडना1 (plural vocative)
पीडनम् (accusative singular)
पीडने (accusative dual)
पीडनानि (accusative plural)
पीडना1 (accusative plural)
पीडनेन (instrumental singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पीडनैः (instrumental plural)
पीडनेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
पीडनाय (dative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (dative plural)
पीडनात् (ablative singular)
पीडनाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पीडनेभ्यः (ablative plural)
पीडनस्य (genitive singular)
पीडनयोः (dual genitive)
पीडनानाम् (genitive plural)
पीडने (locative singular)
पीडनयोः (dual locative)
पीडनेषु (locative plural)

→ Old Javanese: pīḍana

Javanese: pidana

Indonesian: pidana

चक्षुपीडन

pressing, afflicting, molesting, paining


कष्

From a colloquial form of the root कृष् (kṛṣ, “to draw, pull, drag”). Pokorny's original derivation from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub”) (for which he cites Proto-Slavic *korsta (“scab”), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”), and English harsh) is obsolete.


प्रतीक्ष

head

प्रतीक्ष • (pratīkṣa)

pratīkṣa (romanization)
प्रतीक्षः (nominative singular)
प्रतीक्षौ (dual nominative)
प्रतीक्षा1 (dual nominative)
प्रतीक्षाः (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्ष (singular vocative)
प्रतीक्षौ (dual vocative)
प्रतीक्षा1 (dual vocative)
प्रतीक्षाः (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षम् (accusative singular)
प्रतीक्षौ (accusative dual)
प्रतीक्षा1 (accusative dual)
प्रतीक्षान् (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षेण (instrumental singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतीक्षैः (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षाय (dative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतीक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतीक्षात् (ablative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतीक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतीक्षस्य (genitive singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतीक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतीक्षे (locative singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual locative)
प्रतीक्षेषु (locative plural)
प्रतीक्षा (nominative singular)
प्रतीक्षे (dual nominative)
प्रतीक्षाः (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्षे (singular vocative)
प्रतीक्षे (dual vocative)
प्रतीक्षाः (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षाम् (accusative singular)
प्रतीक्षे (accusative dual)
प्रतीक्षाः (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षया (instrumental singular)
प्रतीक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतीक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षायै (dative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतीक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतीक्षायाः (ablative singular)
प्रतीक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतीक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतीक्षायाः (genitive singular)
प्रतीक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतीक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतीक्षायाम् (locative singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual locative)
प्रतीक्षासु (locative plural)
प्रतीक्षम् (nominative singular)
प्रतीक्षे (dual nominative)
प्रतीक्षाणि (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्षा1 (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्ष (singular vocative)
प्रतीक्षे (dual vocative)
प्रतीक्षाणि (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षा1 (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षम् (accusative singular)
प्रतीक्षे (accusative dual)
प्रतीक्षाणि (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षा1 (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षेण (instrumental singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतीक्षैः (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षाय (dative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतीक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतीक्षात् (ablative singular)
प्रतीक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतीक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतीक्षस्य (genitive singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतीक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतीक्षे (locative singular)
प्रतीक्षयोः (dual locative)
प्रतीक्षेषु (locative plural)

/pɾɐˈt̪iːk.ʂɐ/

com

प्रति (prati) + ईक्ष् (īkṣ)


कास्

head

कास् • (kās)

sa-root

कास् • (kās)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Compare कासते (kāsate, “to cough”).
Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.


क्रन्द्

head

क्रन्द् • (krand)

sa-root

क्रन्द् • (krand)

Backformed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *krándati, from Proto-Indo-European *kléh₁-nd-, from *kelh₁- (“to call, cry, shout”).


प्रतीक्षण

pratīkṣaṇa (romanization)
प्रतीक्षणम् (nominative singular)
प्रतीक्षणे (dual nominative)
प्रतीक्षणानि (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्षणा1 (nominative plural)
प्रतीक्षण (singular vocative)
प्रतीक्षणे (dual vocative)
प्रतीक्षणानि (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षणा1 (plural vocative)
प्रतीक्षणम् (accusative singular)
प्रतीक्षणे (accusative dual)
प्रतीक्षणानि (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षणा1 (accusative plural)
प्रतीक्षणेन (instrumental singular)
प्रतीक्षणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रतीक्षणैः (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रतीक्षणाय (dative singular)
प्रतीक्षणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रतीक्षणेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रतीक्षणात् (ablative singular)
प्रतीक्षणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रतीक्षणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रतीक्षणस्य (genitive singular)
प्रतीक्षणयोः (dual genitive)
प्रतीक्षणानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रतीक्षणे (locative singular)
प्रतीक्षणयोः (dual locative)
प्रतीक्षणेषु (locative plural)

/pɾɐˈt̪iːk.ʂɐ.ɳɐ/

com

प्रति (prati) + ईक्ष् (īkṣ)


कल्

From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”). Cognate with Latin celer (“fast”) whence English accelerate, and English hold.


कल्

Of uncertain origin.
Monier-Williams compares the root to Latin calculō (“to calculate”), while Mayrhofer makes no mention of this particular meaning and thus implicitly equates it with Etymology 1.
However, Turner separates this "sound, count" meaning from the above "impel, incite" meaning and derives the former from Dravidian; compare Tamil கல் (kal, “to learn, study”).


क्रुश्

head

क्रुश् • (kruś)

sa-root

क्रुश् • (kruś)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *krawć- (“to cry, to call out”).


काषाय

head

काषाय • (kāṣāya)

kāṣāya (romanization)
काषायः (nominative singular)
काषायौ (dual nominative)
काषाया1 (dual nominative)
काषायाः (nominative plural)
काषायासः1 (nominative plural)
काषाय (singular vocative)
काषायौ (dual vocative)
काषाया1 (dual vocative)
काषायाः (plural vocative)
काषायासः1 (plural vocative)
काषायम् (accusative singular)
काषायौ (accusative dual)
काषाया1 (accusative dual)
काषायान् (accusative plural)
काषायेण (instrumental singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काषायैः (instrumental plural)
काषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काषायाय (dative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
काषायात् (ablative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काषायस्य (genitive singular)
काषाययोः (dual genitive)
काषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
काषाये (locative singular)
काषाययोः (dual locative)
काषायेषु (locative plural)
काषायी (nominative singular)
काषाय्यौ (dual nominative)
काषायी1 (dual nominative)
काषाय्यः (nominative plural)
काषायीः1 (nominative plural)
काषायि (singular vocative)
काषाय्यौ (dual vocative)
काषायी1 (dual vocative)
काषाय्यः (plural vocative)
काषायीः1 (plural vocative)
काषायीम् (accusative singular)
काषाय्यौ (accusative dual)
काषायी1 (accusative dual)
काषायीः (accusative plural)
काषाय्या (instrumental singular)
काषायीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काषायीभिः (instrumental plural)
काषाय्यै (dative singular)
काषायीभ्याम् (dative dual)
काषायीभ्यः (dative plural)
काषाय्याः (ablative singular)
काषाय्यै2 (ablative singular)
काषायीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काषायीभ्यः (ablative plural)
काषाय्याः (genitive singular)
काषाय्यै2 (genitive singular)
काषाय्योः (dual genitive)
काषायीणाम् (genitive plural)
काषाय्याम् (locative singular)
काषाय्योः (dual locative)
काषायीषु (locative plural)
काषायम् (nominative singular)
काषाये (dual nominative)
काषायाणि (nominative plural)
काषाया1 (nominative plural)
काषाय (singular vocative)
काषाये (dual vocative)
काषायाणि (plural vocative)
काषाया1 (plural vocative)
काषायम् (accusative singular)
काषाये (accusative dual)
काषायाणि (accusative plural)
काषाया1 (accusative plural)
काषायेण (instrumental singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काषायैः (instrumental plural)
काषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काषायाय (dative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
काषायात् (ablative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काषायस्य (genitive singular)
काषाययोः (dual genitive)
काषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
काषाये (locative singular)
काषाययोः (dual locative)
काषायेषु (locative plural)

/kɑː.ʂɑː.jɐ/

/kɑːˈʂɑː.jɐ/


काषाय

kāṣāya (romanization)
काषायम् (nominative singular)
काषाये (dual nominative)
काषायाणि (nominative plural)
काषाया1 (nominative plural)
काषाय (singular vocative)
काषाये (dual vocative)
काषायाणि (plural vocative)
काषाया1 (plural vocative)
काषायम् (accusative singular)
काषाये (accusative dual)
काषायाणि (accusative plural)
काषाया1 (accusative plural)
काषायेण (instrumental singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
काषायैः (instrumental plural)
काषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
काषायाय (dative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
काषायात् (ablative singular)
काषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
काषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
काषायस्य (genitive singular)
काषाययोः (dual genitive)
काषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
काषाये (locative singular)
काषाययोः (dual locative)
काषायेषु (locative plural)

→ Middle Chinese: 袈裟 (MC kae srae)

Mandarin: 袈裟 (jiāshā)

Cantonese: 袈裟 (gaa¹ saa¹)

→ Japanese: 袈裟(けさ) (kesa)

→ Korean: 가사 (袈裟, gasa)

→ Vietnamese: cà-sa (袈裟)

/kɑː.ʂɑː.jɐ/

/kɑːˈʂɑː.jɐ/


परोक्ष

Prakrit:

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀔 (parŏkkha)

Pali:

Pali: parokkha

/pɐˈɾoːk.ʂɐ/

Bahuvrīhi compound of परस् (paras, literally “beyond”) + अक्ष (akṣa, literally “eye”), see Sanskrit पर (para, “far; further; opposite; ancient”).

cog

atha yó gárbho ’ntarā́sī́t; só ’gnír asr̥jyata sá yád asyá sárvasyā́gram asr̥jyata tásmād agrír agrír ha vái tám agnír ity ācakṣate parókṣam parókṣakāmā hí devā́ḥ
This barn then, that was inside, became Agni; since this one was becoming of everything, thus called ‚Agri‘, it is he who they call ‚Agni‘ (fire) in secret, because the gods love the unknown.


कृष्

head

कृष् • (kṛṣ)

sa-root

कृष् • (kṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷels- (“to pull, drag, turn”).

आकृष्

→ आकर्षित (ākarṣita); आकृष्ट (ākṛṣṭa)

to draw into one’s power, become master of, overpower

to pull to and fro; to cause pain, torture, torment


क्षद्

head

क्षद् • (kṣad)

sa-root

क्षद् • (kṣad)

क्षत्तृ

a carver, one who cuts or carves or divides anything


क्लिद्

head

क्लिद् • (klid)

sa-root

क्लिद् • (klid)


क्वथ्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to boil, foam”). Cognate with Latvian kūsāt (“to boil”), Old English hwaþerian (“to foam, surge, roar”), Swedish hvå (“foam”), Latin cāseus (“cheese”). See also kvass.


क्षन्

head

क्षन् • (kṣan)

sa-root

क्षन् • (kṣan)

From Proto-Indo-European *tḱen- (“strike”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “kill, slay”).


कषाय

head

कषाय • (kaṣāya)

kaṣāya (romanization)
कषायः (nominative singular)
कषायौ (dual nominative)
कषाया1 (dual nominative)
कषायाः (nominative plural)
कषायासः1 (nominative plural)
कषाय (singular vocative)
कषायौ (dual vocative)
कषाया1 (dual vocative)
कषायाः (plural vocative)
कषायासः1 (plural vocative)
कषायम् (accusative singular)
कषायौ (accusative dual)
कषाया1 (accusative dual)
कषायान् (accusative plural)
कषायेण (instrumental singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कषायैः (instrumental plural)
कषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कषायाय (dative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
कषायात् (ablative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कषायस्य (genitive singular)
कषाययोः (dual genitive)
कषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
कषाये (locative singular)
कषाययोः (dual locative)
कषायेषु (locative plural)
कषया (nominative singular)
कषये (dual nominative)
कषयाः (nominative plural)
कषये (singular vocative)
कषये (dual vocative)
कषयाः (plural vocative)
कषयाम् (accusative singular)
कषये (accusative dual)
कषयाः (accusative plural)
कषयया (instrumental singular)
कषया1 (instrumental singular)
कषयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कषयाभिः (instrumental plural)
कषयायै (dative singular)
कषयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कषयाभ्यः (dative plural)
कषयायाः (ablative singular)
कषयायै2 (ablative singular)
कषयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कषयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कषयायाः (genitive singular)
कषयायै2 (genitive singular)
कषययोः (dual genitive)
कषयाणाम् (genitive plural)
कषयायाम् (locative singular)
कषययोः (dual locative)
कषयासु (locative plural)
कषायम् (nominative singular)
कषाये (dual nominative)
कषायाणि (nominative plural)
कषाया1 (nominative plural)
कषाय (singular vocative)
कषाये (dual vocative)
कषायाणि (plural vocative)
कषाया1 (plural vocative)
कषायम् (accusative singular)
कषाये (accusative dual)
कषायाणि (accusative plural)
कषाया1 (accusative plural)
कषायेण (instrumental singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कषायैः (instrumental plural)
कषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कषायाय (dative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
कषायात् (ablative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कषायस्य (genitive singular)
कषाययोः (dual genitive)
कषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
कषाये (locative singular)
कषाययोः (dual locative)
कषायेषु (locative plural)

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to rub, scrape”); however, this is semantically doubtful.
Turner takes the variety of suffixes found in the word's descendants as evidence of a substrate, probably Proto-Dravidian *kac-, borrowing; compare Telugu కసు (kasu, “raw, unripe”). Mayrhofer, on the other hand, takes it as evidence of Indo-European origin (particularly with the word's Vedic presence), and gives काषण (kāṣaṇa, “unripe”) as the true Dravidian borrowing and cognate of the above Telugu term.
Whether the "astringent" and "red" meanings are etymologically connected is uncertain.


कषाय

kaṣāya (romanization)
कषायः (nominative singular)
कषायौ (dual nominative)
कषाया1 (dual nominative)
कषायाः (nominative plural)
कषायासः1 (nominative plural)
कषाय (singular vocative)
कषायौ (dual vocative)
कषाया1 (dual vocative)
कषायाः (plural vocative)
कषायासः1 (plural vocative)
कषायम् (accusative singular)
कषायौ (accusative dual)
कषाया1 (accusative dual)
कषायान् (accusative plural)
कषायेण (instrumental singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कषायैः (instrumental plural)
कषायेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कषायाय (dative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (dative plural)
कषायात् (ablative singular)
कषायाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कषायेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कषायस्य (genitive singular)
कषाययोः (dual genitive)
कषायाणाम् (genitive plural)
कषाये (locative singular)
कषाययोः (dual locative)
कषायेषु (locative plural)

a dull or yellowish red garment or robe in Buddhism, a kashaya


रुजा

rujā (romanization)
रुजा (nominative singular)
रुजे (dual nominative)
रुजाः (nominative plural)
रुजे (singular vocative)
रुजे (dual vocative)
रुजाः (plural vocative)
रुजाम् (accusative singular)
रुजे (accusative dual)
रुजाः (accusative plural)
रुजया (instrumental singular)
रुजा1 (instrumental singular)
रुजाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुजाभिः (instrumental plural)
रुजायै (dative singular)
रुजाभ्याम् (dative dual)
रुजाभ्यः (dative plural)
रुजायाः (ablative singular)
रुजायै2 (ablative singular)
रुजाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुजाभ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजायाः (genitive singular)
रुजायै2 (genitive singular)
रुजयोः (dual genitive)
रुजानाम् (genitive plural)
रुजायाम् (locative singular)
रुजयोः (dual locative)
रुजासु (locative plural)


क्षर्

क्षर् • (kṣar)

sa-root

क्षर् • (kṣar)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰer-
Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-
Sanskrit क्षर् (kṣar)
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰar-.


गर्ह्

head

गर्ह् • (garh)

sa-root

गर्ह् • (garh)


ख्या

head

ख्या • (khyā)

sa-root

ख्या • (khyā)

Phonetic variant of क्शा (kśā), itself a metathesis of काश् (kāś, “to appear”).


गायत्री

gāyatrī́ (romanization)
गायत्री (nominative singular)
गायत्र्यौ (dual nominative)
गायत्री1 (dual nominative)
गायत्र्यः (nominative plural)
गायत्रीः1 (nominative plural)
गायत्रि (singular vocative)
गायत्र्यौ (dual vocative)
गायत्री1 (dual vocative)
गायत्र्यः (plural vocative)
गायत्रीः1 (plural vocative)
गायत्रीम् (accusative singular)
गायत्र्यौ (accusative dual)
गायत्री1 (accusative dual)
गायत्रीः (accusative plural)
गायत्र्या (instrumental singular)
गायत्रीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गायत्रीभिः (instrumental plural)
गायत्र्यै (dative singular)
गायत्रीभ्याम् (dative dual)
गायत्रीभ्यः (dative plural)
गायत्र्याः (ablative singular)
गायत्र्यै2 (ablative singular)
गायत्रीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
गायत्रीभ्यः (ablative plural)
गायत्र्याः (genitive singular)
गायत्र्यै2 (genitive singular)
गायत्र्योः (dual genitive)
गायत्रीणाम् (genitive plural)
गायत्र्याम् (locative singular)
गायत्र्योः (dual locative)
गायत्रीषु (locative plural)

/ɡɑː.jɐt.ɾíː/

/ɡɑːˈjɐt̪.ɾiː/

From the root गै (gai, “to sing”), from *geH- (“to sing, cry”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs, the Gathas”).

cog

an ancient metre of twenty-four syllables


ग्रस्

head

ग्रस् • (gras)

sa-root

ग्रस् • (gras)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”).

der

to swallow, devour, seize with the mouth


क्षिप्

head

क्षिप् • (kṣip)

sa-root

क्षिप् • (kṣip)

From Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ- (“to throw”).

inh

to put or place anything on or in, pour on, scatter, fix or attach to

to utter abusive words, insult, revile, abuse

"to disdain", i.e. to excel, beat, outvie

to pass or while away (the time or night)


ग्रन्थ्

head

ग्रन्थ् • (granth)

sa-root

ग्रन्थ् • (granth)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *grantH- (“to tie (a knot)”), cognate to Persian گره (gereh, “knot”), with further origin uncertain. The traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gre(n)tH- (“to tie”) (itself a hypothetical extension of Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist”)) would make the root cognate with Proto-Germanic *kradô (“wicker basket”), whence English cradle; however, this is not certain, as the Germanic word could very well be of substrate origin instead.

inh

to string together, arrange, connect in a regular series

to string words together, compose (a literary work)


गै

From Proto-Indo-European *geH- (“to sing, cry”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs, the Gathas”).


गाह्

head

गाह् • (gāh)

sa-root

गाह् • (gāh)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ- / *gʷʰāh₂ǵʰ- (“to wade”); cognate with Persian آغاز (âğâz, “beginning, start”), Slovene gáziti (“to wade”).

inh

*g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-

inh+

*g⁽ʷʰ⁾eh₂ǵʰ-


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

From Proto-Indo-European *tk-éh₂- (“acquisition”), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to take by the hand; to receive, obtain”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτάομαι (ktáomai, “to get, acquire”), Persian شاه (šâh, “king, shah”).

cog

to possess, have power over, rule, govern, be master of


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle, dwell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κτίζω (ktízō, “to people; to establish”), English home.


क्षि

head

क्षि • (kṣi)

sa-root

क्षि • (kṣi)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gẓʰi-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gžʰi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to perish, destroy”).


शण

śaṇá (romanization)
शणः (nominative singular)
शणौ (dual nominative)
शणा1 (dual nominative)
शणाः (nominative plural)
शणासः1 (nominative plural)
शण (singular vocative)
शणौ (dual vocative)
शणा1 (dual vocative)
शणाः (plural vocative)
शणासः1 (plural vocative)
शणम् (accusative singular)
शणौ (accusative dual)
शणा1 (accusative dual)
शणान् (accusative plural)
शणेन (instrumental singular)
शणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शणैः (instrumental plural)
शणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शणाय (dative singular)
शणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शणात् (ablative singular)
शणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शणस्य (genitive singular)
शणयोः (dual genitive)
शणानाम् (genitive plural)
शणे (locative singular)
शणयोः (dual locative)
शणेषु (locative plural)
शणम् (nominative singular)
शणे (dual nominative)
शणानि (nominative plural)
शणा1 (nominative plural)
शण (singular vocative)
शणे (dual vocative)
शणानि (plural vocative)
शणा1 (plural vocative)
शणम् (accusative singular)
शणे (accusative dual)
शणानि (accusative plural)
शणा1 (accusative plural)
शणेन (instrumental singular)
शणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शणैः (instrumental plural)
शणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शणाय (dative singular)
शणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शणात् (ablative singular)
शणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शणस्य (genitive singular)
शणयोः (dual genitive)
शणानाम् (genitive plural)
शणे (locative singular)
शणयोः (dual locative)
शणेषु (locative plural)

Pali: saṇa

desctree

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀡 (saṇa), 𑀲𑀺𑀡 (siṇa)
Central:
Hindustani: san, sanī
Hindi: सन, सनी
Urdu: سَن, سَنِی
Eastern:
Assamese: শণ (xon)
Bengali: শণ (śon)
Bihari: सन (san)
Maithili: सन (san)
Odia: ସଣ (saṇa), ଛଣ (chaṇa)
Northern:
Kumaoni: सण् (saṇ)
Nepali: सन् (san)
Northwestern:
Punjabi: saṇ
Gurmukhi script: ਸਣ
Shahmukhi script: سن
Sindhi: siṇī
Arabic script: سِڻِي
Devanagari script: सिणी
Southern:
Marathi: सण (saṇ)
Sinhalese: සන (sana), හණ (haṇa)
Western:
Gujarati: સણ (saṇ)

Gujarati: સણિયું (saṇiyũ)

Odia: ଛଣି (chaṇi)

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

a kind of hemp, Cannabis sativa or Crotalaria juncea


शाणी

head

शाणी • (śāṇī)

feminine nominative singular of शाण (śāṇá, “made of hemp or flax; hempen; flaxen”)


गुप्

gup (romanization)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपौ (dual nominative)
गुपा1 (dual nominative)
गुपः (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपौ (dual vocative)
गुपा1 (dual vocative)
गुपः (plural vocative)
गुपम् (accusative singular)
गुपौ (accusative dual)
गुपा1 (accusative dual)
गुपः (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपौ (dual nominative)
गुपा1 (dual nominative)
गुपः (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपौ (dual vocative)
गुपा1 (dual vocative)
गुपः (plural vocative)
गुपम् (accusative singular)
गुपौ (accusative dual)
गुपा1 (accusative dual)
गुपः (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)
गुप् (nominative singular)
गुपी (dual nominative)
गुम्पि (nominative plural)
गुप् (singular vocative)
गुपी (dual vocative)
गुम्पि (plural vocative)
गुप् (accusative singular)
गुपी (accusative dual)
गुम्पि (accusative plural)
गुपा (instrumental singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
गुब्भिः (instrumental plural)
गुपे (dative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (dative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (dative plural)
गुपः (ablative singular)
गुब्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
गुब्भ्यः (ablative plural)
गुपः (genitive singular)
गुपोः (dual genitive)
गुपाम् (genitive plural)
गुपि (locative singular)
गुपोः (dual locative)
गुप्सु (locative plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws
Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš
Sanskrit गो (go)
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
Sanskrit -प (-pa)
Sanskrit गोप (gopa)
Sanskrit गुप् (gup)
Back-formation from गोप (gopa, “protector of cows; protector, guardian”).

back-formation

धर्म (dharma, “law, morality”) + गुप् (gup) → धर्मगुप् (dharmagup, “protecting or observing the law”)

(At the end of a compound) defending, protecting

being on one's guard or preserving one's self from


गुप्

head

गुप् • (gup)

sa-root

गुप् • (gup)

जुगुप्सिषते

jugupsiṣate, Desiderative of Desiderative


शाण

śāṇa (romanization)
शाणा (feminine)
शाणः (nominative singular)
शाणौ (dual nominative)
शाणा1 (dual nominative)
शाणाः (nominative plural)
शाणासः1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणौ (dual vocative)
शाणा1 (dual vocative)
शाणाः (plural vocative)
शाणासः1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणौ (accusative dual)
शाणा1 (accusative dual)
शाणान् (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)

Pali: sāṇa

Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀡 (sāṇa)

Central:

Sauraseni Prakrit:

Hindustani: sān

Hindi: सान

Urdu: سَان (sān)

Eastern:

Magadhi Prakrit:

Assamese: সান (xan)

Bengali: সান (śan)

Bihari: सान (sān)

Odia: ସାଣ (sāṇa)

Northern:

Khasa Prakrit:

Central Pahari:

Kumaoni: साणो (sāṇo)

Eastern Pahari:

Nepali: सान (sān)

Northwestern:

Paisaci Prakrit:

Takka Apabhramsa:

Punjabi: sāṇ

Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਣ

Shahmukhi script: سَاݨ

Southern:

Helu Prakrit:

Dhivehi: ހަނު (hanu)

Sinhalese: සණ (saṇa)

Maharastri Prakrit:

Konkani: sāṇa

Devanagari script: साण (sāṇ)

Latin script: sann

Kannada script: ಸಾಣ

Marathi: साण (sāṇ), साणा (sāṇā)


शाण

sa-adj

शाण • (śāṇá) stem

śāṇá (romanization)
शाणः (nominative singular)
शाणौ (dual nominative)
शाणा1 (dual nominative)
शाणाः (nominative plural)
शाणासः1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणौ (dual vocative)
शाणा1 (dual vocative)
शाणाः (plural vocative)
शाणासः1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणौ (accusative dual)
शाणा1 (accusative dual)
शाणान् (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)
शाणी (nominative singular)
शाण्यौ (dual nominative)
शाणी1 (dual nominative)
शाण्यः (nominative plural)
शाणीः1 (nominative plural)
शाणि (singular vocative)
शाण्यौ (dual vocative)
शाणी1 (dual vocative)
शाण्यः (plural vocative)
शाणीः1 (plural vocative)
शाणीम् (accusative singular)
शाण्यौ (accusative dual)
शाणी1 (accusative dual)
शाणीः (accusative plural)
शाण्या (instrumental singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणीभिः (instrumental plural)
शाण्यै (dative singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणीभ्यः (dative plural)
शाण्याः (ablative singular)
शाण्यै2 (ablative singular)
शाणीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणीभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाण्याः (genitive singular)
शाण्यै2 (genitive singular)
शाण्योः (dual genitive)
शाणीनाम् (genitive plural)
शाण्याम् (locative singular)
शाण्योः (dual locative)
शाणीषु (locative plural)
शाणम् (nominative singular)
शाणे (dual nominative)
शाणानि (nominative plural)
शाणा1 (nominative plural)
शाण (singular vocative)
शाणे (dual vocative)
शाणानि (plural vocative)
शाणा1 (plural vocative)
शाणम् (accusative singular)
शाणे (accusative dual)
शाणानि (accusative plural)
शाणा1 (accusative plural)
शाणेन (instrumental singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
शाणैः (instrumental plural)
शाणेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
शाणाय (dative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (dative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (dative plural)
शाणात् (ablative singular)
शाणाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
शाणेभ्यः (ablative plural)
शाणस्य (genitive singular)
शाणयोः (dual genitive)
शाणानाम् (genitive plural)
शाणे (locative singular)
शाणयोः (dual locative)
शाणेषु (locative plural)


ग्लै

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-.

to languid or weary, feel tired or exhausted


घुष्

head

घुष् • (ghuṣ)

sa-root

घुष् • (ghuṣ)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-.


घ्रा

head

घ्रा • (ghrā)

sa-root

घ्रा • (ghrā)

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰʷreh₂, whence Ancient Greek ὀσφραινομαι (osphrainomai, “I smell, perceive”) (compare Greek όσφρηση (ósfrisi, “(sense of) smell”); however, this is controversial.
Alternatively, Seebold compares the root to Old English brǣþ (“smell; steam”), whence English breath.
Another theory compares the root to Latin frōns (“brow, front”); noses are frontal organs responsible for smelling and breathing.


घस्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰas- (“to eat, gorge”), of unknown origin, with numerous unconvincing attempts to connect the root to terms including Latin hostia (“sacrifice”) and Tocharian B kest (“hunger”). Within Iranian, cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬵 (gah, “to gorge”), Pashto غاښ (ǧâx̌, “tooth”).


च्युत्

head

च्युत् • (cyut)

sa-root

च्युत् • (cyut)


चेष्ट्

head

चेष्ट् • (ceṣṭ)

sa-root

चेष्ट् • (ceṣṭ)


चिन्त्

head

चिन्त् • (cint)

sa-root

चिन्त् • (cint)

A nasal-infixed variant of चित् (cit); see there for more.


छद्

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćad-, related to Prasuni vëzëlë (“goatskin boot, shoe”) (< *upascada), with further origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”); compare English shade and shadow. Compare also Old English hæteru (“clothing”).


चुम्ब्

head

चुम्ब् • (cumb)

sa-root

चुम्ब् • (cumb)

Borrowed from Dravidian. Compare Tamil சூம்பு (cūmpu, “to suck, fondle with the lips”), Kumarbhag Paharia [script needed] (cumqe, “to kiss”).


द्युक्ष

sa-adj

द्युक्ष • (dyukṣá) stem

dyukṣá (romanization)
द्युक्षः (nominative singular)
द्युक्षौ (dual nominative)
द्युक्षा1 (dual nominative)
द्युक्षाः (nominative plural)
द्युक्षासः1 (nominative plural)
द्युक्ष (singular vocative)
द्युक्षौ (dual vocative)
द्युक्षा1 (dual vocative)
द्युक्षाः (plural vocative)
द्युक्षासः1 (plural vocative)
द्युक्षम् (accusative singular)
द्युक्षौ (accusative dual)
द्युक्षा1 (accusative dual)
द्युक्षान् (accusative plural)
द्युक्षेण (instrumental singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्युक्षैः (instrumental plural)
द्युक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्युक्षाय (dative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्युक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्युक्षात् (ablative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्युक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्युक्षस्य (genitive singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual genitive)
द्युक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्युक्षे (locative singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual locative)
द्युक्षेषु (locative plural)
द्युक्षा (nominative singular)
द्युक्षे (dual nominative)
द्युक्षाः (nominative plural)
द्युक्षे (singular vocative)
द्युक्षे (dual vocative)
द्युक्षाः (plural vocative)
द्युक्षाम् (accusative singular)
द्युक्षे (accusative dual)
द्युक्षाः (accusative plural)
द्युक्षया (instrumental singular)
द्युक्षा1 (instrumental singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्युक्षाभिः (instrumental plural)
द्युक्षायै (dative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्युक्षाभ्यः (dative plural)
द्युक्षायाः (ablative singular)
द्युक्षायै2 (ablative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्युक्षाभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्युक्षायाः (genitive singular)
द्युक्षायै2 (genitive singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual genitive)
द्युक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्युक्षायाम् (locative singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual locative)
द्युक्षासु (locative plural)
द्युक्षम् (nominative singular)
द्युक्षे (dual nominative)
द्युक्षाणि (nominative plural)
द्युक्षा1 (nominative plural)
द्युक्ष (singular vocative)
द्युक्षे (dual vocative)
द्युक्षाणि (plural vocative)
द्युक्षा1 (plural vocative)
द्युक्षम् (accusative singular)
द्युक्षे (accusative dual)
द्युक्षाणि (accusative plural)
द्युक्षा1 (accusative plural)
द्युक्षेण (instrumental singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
द्युक्षैः (instrumental plural)
द्युक्षेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
द्युक्षाय (dative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (dative dual)
द्युक्षेभ्यः (dative plural)
द्युक्षात् (ablative singular)
द्युक्षाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
द्युक्षेभ्यः (ablative plural)
द्युक्षस्य (genitive singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual genitive)
द्युक्षाणाम् (genitive plural)
द्युक्षे (locative singular)
द्युक्षयोः (dual locative)
द्युक्षेषु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dyukṣás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyukšás, from Proto-Indo-European *dyutkós (“celestial, heavenly”), from *dyew- (“to be bright; sky; heaven”).


च्यु

head

च्यु • (cyu)

sa-root

च्यु • (cyu)

From Proto-Indo-European *kyew- (“to set in motion”). Cognate with Old Armenian չու (čʻu, “journey, road”) and չուեմ (čʻuem, “to set out”), whence Armenian չվել (čʻvel, “to migrate (of birds, a group)”), Northern Kurdish çûn (“to go”), Classical Persian شدن (šudan, “to go”), and Ancient Greek σεύω (seúō, “put in quick motion, drive”).

cog

to move to and fro, stir, go away, turn off


जप्

to whisper, mutter, utter in a low voice, especially prayers or incantations


सिंहलद्वीप

siṃhaladvīpa (romanization)
सिंहलद्वीपः (nominative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (dual nominative)
सिंहलद्वीपाः (nominative plural)
सिंहलद्वीप (singular vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (dual vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपाः (plural vocative)
सिंहलद्वीपम् (accusative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपौ (accusative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपान् (accusative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपेन (instrumental singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
सिंहलद्वीपैः (instrumental plural)
सिंहलद्वीपाय (dative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (dative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः (dative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपात् (ablative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः (ablative plural)
सिंहलद्वीपस्य (genitive singular)
सिंहलद्वीपयोः (dual genitive)
सिंहलद्वीपानाम् (genitive plural)
सिंहलद्वीपे (locative singular)
सिंहलद्वीपयोः (dual locative)
सिंहलद्वीपेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of सिंहलद्वीप

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपम्

सिंहलद्वीपान्

सिंहलद्वीपेन

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपैः

सिंहलद्वीपाय

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपात्

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपानाम्

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपेषु

sa-decl-noun/cell

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपाः

सिंहलद्वीपम्

सिंहलद्वीपान्

सिंहलद्वीपेन

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपैः

सिंहलद्वीपाय

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपात्

सिंहलद्वीपाभ्याम्

सिंहलद्वीपेभ्यः

सिंहलद्वीपस्य

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपानाम्

सिंहलद्वीपयोः

सिंहलद्वीपेषु

desc

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀧 (*siṃhaladīpa)

Prakrit: *𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*sīhaladīva)

either from a variant <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">*सिंहटद्वीप</i> (siṃhaṭadvīpa) or influenced by Old Tamil

Helu Prakrit: *𑀈𑀴𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*īḷadīva), *𑀳𑀻𑀟𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*hīḍadīva) (either from a variant *सिंहटद्वीप (siṃhaṭadvīpa) or influenced by Old Tamil)

from earlier <i class="Diak mention" lang="dv">*𑤆𑤮𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳</i> (*eḷuduvu), possibly borrowed from Sinhalese

Dhivehi: އޮޅުދޫ (oḷudū) (from earlier *𑤆𑤮𑤳𑤝𑤳𑤩𑤳 (*eḷuduvu), possibly borrowed from Sinhalese)

Sinhalese: හෙළදිව (heḷadiwa)

→ Ancient Greek: Σιελεδίβα (Sieledíba), Σελεδίβα (Seledíba)

→ Latin: Selediva

desctree

→ Persian: سرندیپ (sarandip)
Arabic: سَرَنْدِيب (sarandīb)
→ English: Serendib, Serendip
→ Medieval Latin: Serendivus

Pali: Sīhaḷadīpa, Sīhaladīpa

/s̪ĩ.ɦɐ.l̪ɐd̪ˈʋiː.pɐ/

From सिंहल (siṃhala, “Sri Lanka”) + द्वीप (dvīpa, “island”), possibly calquing Pali sīhaladīpa or Prakrit *𑀲𑀻𑀳𑀮𑀤𑀻𑀯 (*sīhaladīva).

af

(Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit) The island of Sri Lanka.


जम्भ्

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“to bite”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫ̑bъ (“tooth”) whence Polish ząb, and English comb.


जृम्भ्

head

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)

sa-root

जृम्भ् • (jṛmbh)


तक्ष्

head

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

sa-root

तक्ष् • (takṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to create; cut”). Cognate with Latin texō (“weave”) whence English text, textile; Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē) whence English techno-, and Serbo-Croatian те̏сла (tesla, “adze”).

inh

इन्द्र॒ ब्रह्म॑ क्रि॒यमा॑णा जुषस्व॒ या ते॑ शविष्ठ॒ नव्या॒ अक॑र्म ।
वस्त्रे॑व भ॒द्रा सुकृ॑ता वसू॒यू रथं॒ न धीरः॒ स्वपा॑ अतक्षम् ॥
índra bráhma kriyámāṇā juṣasva yā́ te śaviṣṭha návyā ákarma.

O, mighty Indra, accept the prayers which we are about to offer, and the present praises which we repeat; firm, doing pious acts, and desirous of wealth; I have made acceptable and pious works like rich garments, and chariots.

vástreva bhadrā́ súkṛtā vasūyū́ ráthaṃ ná dhī́raḥ svápā atakṣam.

to fashion, form (out of wood etc.), make, create


जुष्

head

जुष् • (juṣ)

sa-root

जुष् • (juṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste, try”). Cognates include Latin gustus, Persian دوست (dust, “friend”), Old English ċēosan (whence English choose).

जुष्ट

juṣṭá or júṣṭa


तुज्

head

तुज् • (tuj)

sa-root

तुज् • (tuj)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, hit”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“stump, stick”) whence English stock.


वाणिज्यक

vāṇijyaka (romanization)
वाणिज्यकः (nominative singular)
वाणिज्यकौ (dual nominative)
वाणिज्यका1 (dual nominative)
वाणिज्यकाः (nominative plural)
वाणिज्यकासः1 (nominative plural)
वाणिज्यक (singular vocative)
वाणिज्यकौ (dual vocative)
वाणिज्यका1 (dual vocative)
वाणिज्यकाः (plural vocative)
वाणिज्यकासः1 (plural vocative)
वाणिज्यकम् (accusative singular)
वाणिज्यकौ (accusative dual)
वाणिज्यका1 (accusative dual)
वाणिज्यकान् (accusative plural)
वाणिज्यकेन (instrumental singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
वाणिज्यकैः (instrumental plural)
वाणिज्यकेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
वाणिज्यकाय (dative singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (dative dual)
वाणिज्यकेभ्यः (dative plural)
वाणिज्यकात् (ablative singular)
वाणिज्यकाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
वाणिज्यकेभ्यः (ablative plural)
वाणिज्यकस्य (genitive singular)
वाणिज्यकयोः (dual genitive)
वाणिज्यकानाम् (genitive plural)
वाणिज्यके (locative singular)
वाणिज्यकयोः (dual locative)
वाणिज्यकेषु (locative plural)

desctree

→ Malay: berniaga, beniaga, niaga
Indonesian: berniaga
→ Cebuano: banyaga
→ Ilocano: baniaga
→ Kapampangan: banyaga
→ Maguindanao: banyaga
→ Mansaka: banyaga
→ Tagalog: banyaga
Indonesian: niaga

From वाणिज्य (vāṇijya) + -क (-ka), ultimately from the root वणिज् (vaṇij). Compare वाणिज्यिक (vāṇijyika).

धर्मवाणिज्यक

one who tries to make a profit out of one's virtue like a merchant


तृद्

head

तृद् • (tṛd)

sa-root

तृद् • (tṛd)

From Proto-Indo-European *terd- (“to drill, bore, split”); compare Lithuanian trandė́ti (“to thresh, grind, (of worms) to bite”) and trandìs (“woodworm”), as well as Old Church Slavonic тродь (trodĭ, “tree sponge”).


तिज्

head

तिज् • (tij)

sa-root

तिज् • (tij)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to be sharp”).
Cognates include Latin (īn-)stīgō whence English instigate, Ancient Greek στῐ́γμᾰ (stígma, “a mark from a pointed instrument”), and English stick and thistle.


ताम्रपर्णी

tāmraparṇī (romanization)
ताम्रपर्णी (nominative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual nominative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (nominative plural)
ताम्रपर्णि (singular vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (dual vocative)
ताम्रपर्ण्यः (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीः1 (plural vocative)
ताम्रपर्णीम् (accusative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यौ (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णी1 (accusative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीः (accusative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्या (instrumental singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
ताम्रपर्णीभिः (instrumental plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै (dative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (dative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (dative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (ablative singular)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्याम् (ablative dual)
ताम्रपर्णीभ्यः (ablative plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याः (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्यै2 (genitive singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual genitive)
ताम्रपर्णीनाम् (genitive plural)
ताम्रपर्ण्याम् (locative singular)
ताम्रपर्ण्योः (dual locative)
ताम्रपर्णीषु (locative plural)

desctree

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀦𑀺 (taṃbapaṃni), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀁𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṃṇi), 𑀢𑀁𑀩𑀧𑀡𑀺 (taṃbapaṇi)
→ Ancient Greek: Ταπροβάνη (Taprobánē), Ταπροβανᾶ (Taprobanâ), Ταπροβανῆ (Taprobanê)
→ Latin: Tāprobanē, Tāprobana
→ Old English: Deprobane
→ Portuguese: Taprobana (learned)

Pali: tambapaṇṇī

→ Sinhalese: තම්බපණ්ණිය (tambapaṇṇiya)

→ Tamil: தாமிரபரணி (tāmiraparaṇi)

→ English: Thamirabarani

/t̪ɑːm.ɾɐˈpɐɾ.ɳiː/

From ताम्र (tāmra, “copper”) + पर्ण (parṇa, “leaf”) + -ई (-ī).
Some suppose the "town in Sri Lanka" sense to be a hypercorrect form of *ताम्रवर्णी (tāmravarṇī, literally “copper-coloured”), but the Ashokan Prakrit forms make this problematic.

af

Thamirabarani (a river in Tamil Nadu, India)


ताम्रपर्णी

/t̪ɑːm.ɾɐˈpɐɾ.ɳiː/

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual


तुल्

head

तुल् • (tul)

sa-root

तुल् • (tul)

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, undergo, endure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek τᾰ́λαντον (tálanton, “balance, scale”) whence English talent, Latin tolerō (“bear, endure”) whence English tolerate. Further possible cognates include Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas, “the 'bearer' of heaven”) and therefore Ἀτλαντίς (Atlantís).

cog

to determine the weight of something by lifting it up


तृष्

head

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

sa-root

तृष् • (tṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“dry”). Cognates include Latin torrēns (“scorching”) whence English torrent, Latin terra and English thirst.


दक्ष्

head

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

sa-root

दक्ष् • (dakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱs- (“right side, dexter”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek δεξῐός (dexiós, “right(hand), fortunate, able”), Old Church Slavonic деснъ (desnŭ, “right(side)”).


त्रस्

head

त्रस् • (tras)

sa-root

त्रस् • (tras)

From Proto-Indo-European *tres- (“to tremble (with fear)”). Cognate with Latin terreō whence English terror, terrible, etc.


तृह्

head

तृह् • (tṛh)

sa-root

तृह् • (tṛh)

Probably from Proto-Indo-Aryan *(s)tarjʰ, from Proto-Indo-European *sterģʰ; compare Hittite [script needed] (istark-, “to become sick”) and [script needed] (istarni(n)k-, “to torment, make sick”).


दभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to harm, deceive”). Cognate with Persian فریفتن (fariftan, “to deceive”), Old Armenian դաւ (daw, “deceit, conspiracy”) (an Iranian borrowing), Hittite [script needed] (tepnu-, “to decrease, to humble”), and perhaps Ancient Greek ἀτέμβω (atémbō, “to maltreat; to be bereft of”).


त्वर्

head

त्वर् • (tvar)

sa-root

त्वर् • (tvar)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to stir, agitate”). Cognate with English stir, steer and possibly storm, as well as perhaps Ancient Greek ὀτρῡ́νω (otrū́nō, “to stir up, rouse; to hasten”).


तृप्

head

तृप् • (tṛp)

sa-root

तृप् • (tṛp)

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to satisfy”).


दस्

Uncertain. According to Pokorny, from an s-extension of Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to share, divide”).


दल्

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”), and thus cognate with Latvian dalīt (“to split, divide”), Latin dolor.
However, Mayrhofer is skeptical of the above etymology, due to the root's lack of attestation in Vedic texts, and instead derives it from an l-form of दॄ (dṝ, “to tear, split”).


अवास्तु

sa-adj

अवास्तु • (avāstú) stem

avāstú (romanization)
अवास्तुः (nominative singular)
अवास्तू (dual nominative)
अवास्तवः (nominative plural)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तू (dual vocative)
अवास्तवः (plural vocative)
अवास्तुम् (accusative singular)
अवास्तू (accusative dual)
अवास्तून् (accusative plural)
अवास्तुना (instrumental singular)
अवास्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तवे (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तोः (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तोः (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तौ (locative singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)
अवास्तुः (nominative singular)
अवास्तू (dual nominative)
अवास्तवः (nominative plural)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तू (dual vocative)
अवास्तवः (plural vocative)
अवास्तुम् (accusative singular)
अवास्तू (accusative dual)
अवास्तूः (accusative plural)
अवास्त्वा (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तवे (dative singular)
अवास्त्वै1 (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तोः (ablative singular)
अवास्त्वाः1 (ablative singular)
अवास्त्वै2 (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तोः (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वाः1 (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वै2 (genitive singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तौ (locative singular)
अवास्त्वाम्1 (locative singular)
अवास्त्वोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)
अवास्तु (nominative singular)
अवास्तुनी (dual nominative)
अवास्तूनि (nominative plural)
अवास्तु1 (nominative plural)
अवास्तू1 (nominative plural)
अवास्तु (singular vocative)
अवास्तो (singular vocative)
अवास्तुनी (dual vocative)
अवास्तूनि (plural vocative)
अवास्तु1 (plural vocative)
अवास्तू1 (plural vocative)
अवास्तु (accusative singular)
अवास्तुनी (accusative dual)
अवास्तूनि (accusative plural)
अवास्तु1 (accusative plural)
अवास्तू1 (accusative plural)
अवास्तुना (instrumental singular)
अवास्त्वा1 (instrumental singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
अवास्तुभिः (instrumental plural)
अवास्तुने (dative singular)
अवास्तवे1 (dative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (dative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (dative plural)
अवास्तुनः (ablative singular)
अवास्तोः1 (ablative singular)
अवास्तुभ्याम् (ablative dual)
अवास्तुभ्यः (ablative plural)
अवास्तुनः (genitive singular)
अवास्तोः1 (genitive singular)
अवास्तुनोः (dual genitive)
अवास्तूनाम् (genitive plural)
अवास्तुनि (locative singular)
अवास्तौ1 (locative singular)
अवास्तुनोः (dual locative)
अवास्तुषु (locative plural)

/ɐˈʋɑːs̪.t̪u/

अ- (a-, “un-”) + वास्तु (vā́stu, “house”).


दाश्

head

दाश् • (dāś)

sa-root

दाश् • (dāś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxa, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógma), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”), Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.


दीक्ष्

head

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

sa-root

दीक्ष् • (dīkṣ)

A desiderative form of दाश् (dāś) from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take, offer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δόξᾰ (dóxa, “opinion, judgement”) whence English orthodox etc., Ancient Greek δόγμᾰ (dógma), Latin decet (“fitting”) whence English decent, Latin decus whence decorum, Latin discō (“learn”) whence English disciple etc., Latin doceō (“teach”) whence English doctrine etc., Latin dignus.

दीक्षितृ

consecrator, initiator; instructor; spiritual father


दी

From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₂- (“to shine, be bright”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῆλος (dêlos, “visible, conspicuous”) and possibly Lithuanian dìdis (“large”).


दी

From Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“to chase (away)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δῐ́ω (díō, “flee”), Lithuanian dainà (“song”).


दुष्

head

दुष् • (duṣ)

sa-root

दुष् • (duṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) whence English dys-.


दृप्

head

दृप् • (dṛp)

sa-root

दृप् • (dṛp)

to be extravagant, wild, arrogant, proud


दृभ्

head

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

sa-root

दृभ् • (dṛbh)

From Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to spin, twist”). Cognate with Lithuanian darbas (“bunch of leaves”), Proto-Germanic *tarbijaną (“to wind, spin”) whence English (topsy)-turvy, and turf.

cog

to string or tie together, tie in a bunch


दिश्

head

दिश् • (diś)

sa-root

दिश् • (diś)

From Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out, show”). Cognates include Ancient Greek δείκνῡμῐ (deíknūmi, “show, point out”), δεῖγμᾰ (deîgma, “sample, pattern”) whence English paradigm, Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (díkē, “custom; order, law”), Latin dicō and dictum whence English dictate etc., Latin index (“pointer, indicator”), Latin digitus (“pointer, finger”), English token and teach.

cog

to produce, bring forward (as witness in court)


दिश्

díś (romanization)
दिक् (nominative singular)
दिशौ (dual nominative)
दिशा1 (dual nominative)
दिशः (nominative plural)
दिक् (singular vocative)
दिशौ (dual vocative)
दिशा1 (dual vocative)
दिशः (plural vocative)
दिशम् (accusative singular)
दिशौ (accusative dual)
दिशा1 (accusative dual)
दिशः (accusative plural)
दिशा (instrumental singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दिग्भिः (instrumental plural)
दिशे (dative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (dative plural)
दिशः (ablative singular)
दिग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
दिग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
दिशः (genitive singular)
दिशोः (dual genitive)
दिशाम् (genitive plural)
दिशि (locative singular)
दिशोः (dual locative)
दिक्षु (locative plural)


द्विष्

head

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

sa-root

द्विष् • (dviṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dweys- from *dwey- (“to fear”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “fearful”) whence English dino-, Latin dīrus whence English dire.


ध्वन्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwen- (“to make a noise, sound”). Cognate with English din.


द्रा

head

द्रा • (drā)

sa-root

द्रा • (drā)

From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run”); compare Ancient Greek αποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to depart secretly, escape”).

cog

दरिद्र

running hither and thither, in need or poor


द्रा

head

द्रा • (drā)

sa-root

द्रा • (drā)

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to sleep”); compare Latin dormiō (“to sleep”).


धृष्

head

धृष् • (dhṛṣ)

sa-root

धृष् • (dhṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰers- (“to be bold, dare”) from an *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrzъ (“daring”), Ancient Greek θρᾰσῠ́ς (thrasús, “daring, reckless”) and English dare.


नभ्

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *nebh- (“to burst”).


धम्

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to smoke, blow”). Cognate with Lithuanian dùmti (“to blow”), Polish dąć (“to blow”), English damp.

inh

to melt or manufacture (metal) by blowing


पण्

From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to buy, make money”).


नेद्

head

नेद् • (ned)

sa-root

नेद् • (ned)

From Proto-Indo-European *neyd- (“to flow, stream”).


नर्द्

head

नर्द् • (nard)

sa-root

नर्द् • (nard)


पर्द्

head

पर्द् • (pard)

sa-root

पर्द् • (pard)

From Proto-Indo-European *perd- (“to fart (loudly)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέρδομαι (pérdomai), Lithuanian pérsti, Russian пердеть (perdetʹ), Old English feortan (whence fart).


त्यज्

tyaj (romanization)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजौ (dual nominative)
त्यजा1 (dual nominative)
त्यजः (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजौ (dual vocative)
त्यजा1 (dual vocative)
त्यजः (plural vocative)
त्यजम् (accusative singular)
त्यजौ (accusative dual)
त्यजा1 (accusative dual)
त्यजः (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजौ (dual nominative)
त्यजा1 (dual nominative)
त्यजः (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजौ (dual vocative)
त्यजा1 (dual vocative)
त्यजः (plural vocative)
त्यजम् (accusative singular)
त्यजौ (accusative dual)
त्यजा1 (accusative dual)
त्यजः (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)
त्यक् (nominative singular)
त्यजी (dual nominative)
त्यञ्जि (nominative plural)
त्यक् (singular vocative)
त्यजी (dual vocative)
त्यञ्जि (plural vocative)
त्यक् (accusative singular)
त्यजी (accusative dual)
त्यञ्जि (accusative plural)
त्यजा (instrumental singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
त्यग्भिः (instrumental plural)
त्यजे (dative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (dative plural)
त्यजः (ablative singular)
त्यग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
त्यग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
त्यजः (genitive singular)
त्यजोः (dual genitive)
त्यजाम् (genitive plural)
त्यजि (locative singular)
त्यजोः (dual locative)
त्यक्षु (locative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tyegʷ- (“to leave alone, give up; retreat”).

inh+

तनु (tanu, “body”) + त्यज् (tyaj) → तनुत्यज् (tanutyaj, “giving up one's body, dying”)

c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

(At the end of a compound) leaving, abandoning, giving up, offering


त्यज्

head

त्यज् • (tyaj)

sa-root

त्यज् • (tyaj)


दीक्षित

head

दीक्षित • (dīkṣitá)

dīkṣitá (romanization)
दीक्षितः (nominative singular)
दीक्षितौ (dual nominative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षितासः1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षितौ (dual vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षितासः1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षितौ (accusative dual)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative dual)
दीक्षितान् (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)
दीक्षिता (nominative singular)
दीक्षिते (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षिते (singular vocative)
दीक्षिते (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षिताम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षिते (accusative dual)
दीक्षिताः (accusative plural)
दीक्षितया (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिता1 (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षिताभिः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितायै (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षिताभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितायाः (ablative singular)
दीक्षितायै2 (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितायाः (genitive singular)
दीक्षितायै2 (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षितायाम् (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितासु (locative plural)
दीक्षितम् (nominative singular)
दीक्षिते (dual nominative)
दीक्षितानि (nominative plural)
दीक्षिता1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षिते (dual vocative)
दीक्षितानि (plural vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षिते (accusative dual)
दीक्षितानि (accusative plural)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)

From the root दीक्ष् (dīkṣ, “to consecrate”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to offer”).


दीक्षित

dīkṣitá (romanization)
दीक्षितः (nominative singular)
दीक्षितौ (dual nominative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual nominative)
दीक्षिताः (nominative plural)
दीक्षितासः1 (nominative plural)
दीक्षित (singular vocative)
दीक्षितौ (dual vocative)
दीक्षिता1 (dual vocative)
दीक्षिताः (plural vocative)
दीक्षितासः1 (plural vocative)
दीक्षितम् (accusative singular)
दीक्षितौ (accusative dual)
दीक्षिता1 (accusative dual)
दीक्षितान् (accusative plural)
दीक्षितेन (instrumental singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
दीक्षितैः (instrumental plural)
दीक्षितेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
दीक्षिताय (dative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (dative plural)
दीक्षितात् (ablative singular)
दीक्षिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
दीक्षितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
दीक्षितस्य (genitive singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual genitive)
दीक्षितानाम् (genitive plural)
दीक्षिते (locative singular)
दीक्षितयोः (dual locative)
दीक्षितेषु (locative plural)


पिश्

head

पिश् • (piś)

sa-root

पिश् • (piś)

From Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to hew, cut out; adorn; paint”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pьsati (“to write”); Latin pingō (“paint”) whence pigment, picture, paint.

inh

to hew out, carve, prepare, especially meat


नद्

From Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to sound, roar, bellow”), which might be sound-symbolic. Mayrhofer adduces Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”) (that is, a "resonator (plant)" > "reed"), whence नड (naḍa, “reed”) and its relatives, as descendants. Other derivatives include नदी (nadī, “river”).


उपध्मानीय

head

उपध्मानीय • (upadhmānīya)

upadhmānīya (romanization)
उपध्मानीयः (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीयौ (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीया1 (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयाः (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीयासः1 (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीय (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीयौ (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीया1 (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयाः (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयासः1 (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीयौ (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीया1 (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयान् (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयेन (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयैः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयाय (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयात् (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयस्य (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीये (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयेषु (locative plural)
उपध्मानीया (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीये (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयाः (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीये (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीये (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयाः (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयाम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीये (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयाः (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयया (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीया1 (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयाभिः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयायै (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयाभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयायाः (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयायै2 (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयाभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयायाः (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीयायै2 (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीयायाम् (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयासु (locative plural)
उपध्मानीयम् (nominative singular)
उपध्मानीये (dual nominative)
उपध्मानीयानि (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीया1 (nominative plural)
उपध्मानीय (singular vocative)
उपध्मानीये (dual vocative)
उपध्मानीयानि (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीया1 (plural vocative)
उपध्मानीयम् (accusative singular)
उपध्मानीये (accusative dual)
उपध्मानीयानि (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीया1 (accusative plural)
उपध्मानीयेन (instrumental singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
उपध्मानीयैः (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
उपध्मानीयाय (dative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (dative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (dative plural)
उपध्मानीयात् (ablative singular)
उपध्मानीयाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
उपध्मानीयेभ्यः (ablative plural)
उपध्मानीयस्य (genitive singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual genitive)
उपध्मानीयानाम् (genitive plural)
उपध्मानीये (locative singular)
उपध्मानीययोः (dual locative)
उपध्मानीयेषु (locative plural)

(phonetics) uttered from the lips; labial

the bilabial fricative, [ɸ]. (of the visarga)


ध्वंस्

ध्वंस् • (dhvaṃs)

sa-root

ध्वंस् • (dhvaṃs)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwe-n-s-, nasal-infixed form of *dʰwes- (“to breathe”), probably with influence from the possibly related term *dʰewh₂- (“(to produce) smoke, mist, haze”), with further semantic shift to mean destruction (perhaps as allusions to natural phenomena like volcanism or storms, which involve smoke and haze).

to fall to pieces or to dust, decay, be ruined, perish


नुद्

head

नुद् • (nud)

sa-root

नुद् • (nud)

From Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to push”), a *-d- extension of *new- (“to push, nod”).

8. ප්රමාදමප්රමාදෙන යදා නුදති පණ්ඩිතඃ
ප්රඥාප්රසාදමාරුහ්ය ත්වශොකඃ ශොකිනීං ප්රජාම්
පර්වතස්ථ ඉව භූමිෂ්ඨාන් ධීරො බාලානවෙක්ෂතෙ

(Can we date this quote?), The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi) (subsequently translated from Pali to Sanskrit), Appamādavaɡɡa, page 32; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya, Colombo, 2009:

8. When the astute dispel negligence by means of diligence,
having ascended the palace of wisdom, the sorrow-free then behold this generation of sorrow,
as a wise man on a mountain-top beholds the fools below.

8 Pramādamapramādena yadā nudati paṇḍitaḥ
Prajñāprasādamāruhya tvaśokaḥ śokinīṃ prajām
Parvatastha iva bhūmiṣṭhān dhīro bālānavekṣate


ध्वृ

head

ध्वृ • (dhvṛ)

sa-root

ध्वृ • (dhvṛ)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“to harm, injure, damage”); cognate with Hittite [script needed] (duwarne-, “to break, injure”).


पिष्

head

पिष् • (piṣ)

sa-root

पिष् • (piṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to grind, crush”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *pьxati (“push, shove”), Lithuanian pìsti (“to fuck”); Latin pinsō (“beat, pound”) whence ultimately English pestle (via a French borrowing), pesto.


पीड्

head

पीड् • (pīḍ)

sa-root

पीड् • (pīḍ)

From Proto-Indo-European *pisd- (“to squeeze”) from *pi- + the zero-grade of *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πῐέζω (piézō, “to squeeze”) whence English piezo-.

cog

to hurt, harm, injure, oppress, vex, torment, harass

(astrology) to cover (esp. with something inauspicious), to eclipse, obscure


पूय्

head

पूय् • (pūy)

sa-root

पूय् • (pūy)

From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be foul, rotten; stink”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πῦον (pûon), Latin pūs (“pus”), Latin putridus (“putrid”), Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Old English fūl whence English foul.


पूज्

head

पूज् • (pūj)

sa-root

पूज् • (pūj)

Of unclear origin. Possibly from an early Prakritic form of the root पृच् (pṛc, “to mix, fill, give lavishly”), via a series of sound changes (illustrated for its derivatives) पृच् (pṛc) > *पृञ्चा (pṛñcā, “presentation of the mixed potion”) > पूजा (pūjā, “worship, respect, reverence”), as well as *पृञ्चन (pṛñcana, “mixing (for a guest of honor)”) > पूजन (pūjana, “honoring, hospitable reception”). This derivation has the advantage of not having to derive पूजन (pūjana) from the later-attested पूजा (pūjā). Other less likely theories derive the root from Dravidian (unlikely given the root's Vedic presence and high usage frequency), or from an unattested *पूर्या (pūryā), from the root पॄ (pṝ, “to give, grant”), which is likely related to पृच् (pṛc) regardless.

to worship, revere, honor, respect, regard


फण्

head

फण् • (phaṇ)

sa-root

फण् • (phaṇ)


प्लुष्

head

प्लुष् • (pluṣ)

sa-root

प्लुष् • (pluṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to fry, burn, radiate, sprinkle”). Cognate with some or all of Latin pruina (“rime, hoarfrost”), pruna (“burning coal”), pruriō (“to itch”) whence English prurient; English freeze, frost.


प्रुष्

head

प्रुष् • (pruṣ)

sa-root

प्रुष् • (pruṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *prews- (“to sprinkle, radiate, freeze”). Cognate with Latin pruina (“rime, hoarfrost”), pruna (“burning coal”), pruriō (“to itch”) whence English prurient; English freeze, frost.


प्रथ्

From Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πλᾰτῠ́ς (platús, “flat, broad”) whence ultimately place, plaza, plate, platter, plateau; Lithuanian plėsti (“to expand”); Proto-Slavic *pleťè (“shoulder”); English flat, fold, field.

cog

to spread, extend, become larger or wider


भाष्

head

भाष् • (bhāṣ)

sa-root

भाष् • (bhāṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *bàjati (“to tell”), *bajьka (“fable”); Ancient Greek φημί (phēmí, “say”), φᾰ́σῐς (phásis, “utterance”), Latin fātum (“spoken”) whence fate, Latin fābula whence fable, Latin fateor, fassus whence confess, Latin fāma (“fame”); English ban.

भाष्य

speaking, talking; exposition, commentary


पृच्

head

पृच् • (pṛc)

sa-root

पृच् • (pṛc)

Of uncertain origin. Probably an extension of पॄ (pṝ, “to fill”).

to mix, mingle, put together with, unite, join

to give lavishly, grant bountifully, bestow anything, bestow richly upon


पृच्

pṛc (romanization)
पृक् (nominative singular)
पृचौ (dual nominative)
पृचा1 (dual nominative)
पृचः (nominative plural)
पृक् (singular vocative)
पृचौ (dual vocative)
पृचा1 (dual vocative)
पृचः (plural vocative)
पृचम् (accusative singular)
पृचौ (accusative dual)
पृचा1 (accusative dual)
पृचः (accusative plural)
पृचा (instrumental singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पृग्भिः (instrumental plural)
पृचे (dative singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
पृग्भ्यः (dative plural)
पृचः (ablative singular)
पृग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
पृग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
पृचः (genitive singular)
पृचोः (dual genitive)
पृचाम् (genitive plural)
पृचि (locative singular)
पृचोः (dual locative)
पृक्षु (locative plural)


प्रछ्

From Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask”). Cognate with Russian (во)прос ((vo)pros, “question”), Latin prex whence, via French, English pray.


पा

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

inh

to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern


पा

pā (romanization)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)
पिः (nominative singular)
पी (dual nominative)
पयः (nominative plural)
पे (singular vocative)
पी (dual vocative)
पयः (plural vocative)
पिम् (accusative singular)
पी (accusative dual)
पीः (accusative plural)
प्या (instrumental singular)
पी1 (instrumental singular)
पिभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पिभिः (instrumental plural)
पये (dative singular)
प्यै2 (dative singular)
पी1 (dative singular)
पिभ्याम् (dative dual)
पिभ्यः (dative plural)
पेः (ablative singular)
प्याः2 (ablative singular)
प्यै3 (ablative singular)
पिभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पिभ्यः (ablative plural)
पेः (genitive singular)
प्याः2 (genitive singular)
प्यै3 (genitive singular)
प्योः (dual genitive)
पीनाम् (genitive plural)
पौ (locative singular)
प्याम्2 (locative singular)
पा1 (locative singular)
प्योः (dual locative)
पिषु (locative plural)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)


पा

pā (romanization)
पाः (nominative singular)
पौ (dual nominative)
पा1 (dual nominative)
पाः (nominative plural)
पाः (singular vocative)
पौ (dual vocative)
पा1 (dual vocative)
पाः (plural vocative)
पाम् (accusative singular)
पौ (accusative dual)
पा1 (accusative dual)
पाः (accusative plural)
पः2 (accusative plural)
पा (instrumental singular)
पाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
पाभिः (instrumental plural)
पे (dative singular)
पाभ्याम् (dative dual)
पाभ्यः (dative plural)
पः (ablative singular)
पाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
पाभ्यः (ablative plural)
पः (genitive singular)
पोः (dual genitive)
पानाम् (genitive plural)
पाम्2 (genitive plural)
पि (locative singular)
पोः (dual locative)
पासु (locative plural)


पा

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Sanskrit पा (pā)
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”). Also compare the noun पात्र (pātra, “drinking vessel, goblet”).

etymon

(figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)


पा

Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.


भ्रज्ज्

[bʱɾɐd̪̚d͡ʑ]

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵ- (“to fry, roast”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φρῡ́γω (phrū́gō) and Latin frigō whence fry. The double -jj- is irregular and probably influenced Middle Indo-Aryan (where bhajja- < *bharjya-).

inh+

(At the end of a compound) roasting, frying


भ्रज्ज्

head

भ्रज्ज् • (bhrajj)

sa-root

भ्रज्ज् • (bhrajj)

[bʱɾɐd̪̚d͡ʑ]


प्रत्यभिज्ञान

sa-noun

प्रत्यभिज्ञान • (pratyabhijñāna) stem, n

pratyabhijñāna (romanization)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् (nominative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (dual nominative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (nominative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (nominative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञान (singular vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (dual vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (plural vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (plural vocative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानम् (accusative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (accusative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानि (accusative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाना1 (accusative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेन (instrumental singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानैः (instrumental plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाय (dative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (dative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभ्यः (dative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानात् (ablative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेभ्यः (ablative plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानस्य (genitive singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानयोः (dual genitive)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानानाम् (genitive plural)
प्रत्यभिज्ञाने (locative singular)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानयोः (dual locative)
प्रत्यभिज्ञानेषु (locative plural)

Prakrit:

Old Hindi: पहिचान (pahicāna)

Hindi: पहचान (pahcān)

Urdu: پہچان

Gujarati: પિછાન (pichān)

Punjabi: ਪਛਾਣ (pachāṇ)

/pɾɐt̪.jɐ.bʱid͡ʑˈɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

From प्रति- (prati-) + अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna).

अभिज्ञान अभिज्ञान#Sanskrit

recognition; see अभिज्ञान (abhijñāna) too

a token of recognition (brought by a messenger to prove that he has accomplished his mission)


भ्राज्

head

भ्राज् • (bhrāj)

sa-root

भ्राज् • (bhrāj)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shining, white”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φλέγω (phlégō, “burn, scorch”), φλέγμᾰ (phlégma, “flame, phlegm”); Latin flagrō (“burn, blaze”) whence flagrant, Proto-Italic *flāgmā whence Latin flamma (“flame”).


मथ्

From Proto-Indo-European *meth₂-, *menth₂- (“to stir, mix up”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sъ·metana (“smetana”).


मज्ज्

head

मज्ज् • (majj)

sa-root

मज्ज् • (majj)

From Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to dip, sink”). Cognate with Latin mergō (“dip, immerse”), Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash”), Latvian mazgât (“to wash”), Russian Москва́ (Moskvá, “Moscow”).


अत्यर्थम्

/ɐt̪ˈjɐɾ.t̪ʰɐm/


मिश्

head

मिश् • (miś)

sa-root

मिश् • (miś)

From Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Proto-Slavic *mě̄sìti, Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”); Latin misceō whence English mixture, miscellaneous; English mix, mash.


मोक्ष्

head

मोक्ष् • (mokṣ)

sa-root

मोक्ष् • (mokṣ)

Desiderative of मुच् (muc), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewk- (“to release, slip”).


मिथ्

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”) an extension of *mey- (“to exchange”). Cognate with Latin mutō whence English mutate, mutual; Latin mittō (“send”) whence English emit, mission, etc.; Proto-Slavic *mьstь (“revenge, vengeance”); English mis-, miss.
Also cf. Mitra, the Indo-Iranian god of contracts.


मुष्

head

मुष् • (muṣ)

sa-root

मुष् • (muṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *mews- (“to steal, take; move”) from *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”). Cognate with Latin moveō (“move”) whence English move, motion, etc. Connected with Sanskrit मूष (mūṣa, “mouse, i.e., stealer”).


मिक्ष्

head

मिक्ष् • (mikṣ)

sa-root

मिक्ष् • (mikṣ)

Probably desiderative of मिश् (miś). From Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μίγνυμι (mígnumi, “to mix”), Proto-Slavic *mě̄sìti, Lithuanian mišti and maišyti (“to mix”); Latin misceō whence English mixture, miscellaneous; English mix, mash.


मृड्

head

मृड् • (mṛḍ)

sa-root

मृड् • (mṛḍ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥žd- (“to forgive, spare, to pity”).


म्लुच्

head

म्लुच् • (mluc)

sa-root

म्लुच् • (mluc)


म्रुच्

head

म्रुच् • (mruc)

sa-root

म्रुच् • (mruc)


मृश्

head

मृश् • (mṛś)

sa-root

मृश् • (mṛś)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *melk- or *melǵ-; compare Latin mulceō (“to stroke, touch lightly”).

cog

to touch mentally, consider, reflect, deliberate


म्लेछ्

head

म्लेछ् • (mlech)

sa-root

म्लेछ् • (mlech)

Thought to be from a substrate language. Possibly related to Akkadian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luḫ-ḫa) or Sumerian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luh-haᴷᴵ /Melukhkha, Meluḫḫa/).

cog

to speak indistinctly (like a barbarian, one who does not speak Sanskrit)


मृष्

head

मृष् • (mṛṣ)

sa-root

मृष् • (mṛṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to bother, anger, forget”). Cognate with Lithuanian miršti (“to forget, lose, become oblivious”), Latvian aizmirst (“to forget”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan, “to annoy, bother, disturb, offend”), Tocharian A märs- (“to forget”), Lithuanian miršti, Old Armenian մոռանամ (moṙanam), English mar.


मृध्

head

मृध् • (mṛdh)

sa-root

मृध् • (mṛdh)

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

Uncertain. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *méldʰ-e-ti (“to abandon”); or from *mel-dʰeh₁- an extension of *(s)mel- (“false, bad”); or from an extension of *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”) (see there).

inh

Monier Williams
w:Monier Monier-Williams

Clarendon Press
w:Oxford University Press


याच्

head

याच् • (yāc)

sa-root

याच् • (yāc)

An enlargement of the root या (yā, “to request, implore”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *yek- (“to utter”).


मृज्

head

मृज् • (mṛj)

sa-root

मृज् • (mṛj)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃merǵ- (“to wipe”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμόργνῡμῐ (omórgnūmi, “to wipe”).


यु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw- (“to bind, hold”).

inh

to unite, attach, harness, yoke, bind, fasten

to draw towards one's self, take hold or gain possession of, hold fast


यु

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yaw- (“to separate”).

to separate, keep or drive away, ward off

to keep aloof, to be or remain separated from


रभ्

From Proto-Indo-European *lebʰ- (“to profit, gain”). Compare perhaps Lithuanian lõbis (“treasure, wealth”), Ancient Greek λᾰ́φῡρᾰ (láphūra, “war spoils, booty”).


रास्

head

रास् • (rās)

sa-root

रास् • (rās)

From an extension of Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cry, bellow”). Cognate with English roar.


रा

From Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to cry, bellow”). Cognate with English roar.


रुष्

head

रुष् • (ruṣ)

sa-root

रुष् • (ruṣ)

Uncertain. Compare λύσσα (lússa, “rage, fury”).


रिख्

From Proto-Indo-European *reyk- (“scratch, line”), an extension of *rey- (“scratch”). Cognate with English row.


वध्

From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to push, hit, strike”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”).


लोच्

head

लोच् • (loc)

sa-root

लोच् • (loc)


वक्ष्

head

वक्ष् • (vakṣ)

sa-root

वक्ष् • (vakṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to grow, increase”). Cognate with Lithuanian áukštas (“high, tall”); Latin augustus, augur, augeō whence English augment; English eke.


वज्

From a merger of:
* Proto-Indo-Iranian *waȷ́-, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“fresh, strong”). Compare Latin vegeō (“excite, arouse; be lively”) whence English vegetation; Latin vigeō (“thrive, be alive”) whence vigil, vigor; English wake, watch.
* Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hawǰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewg- (“to increase”). Compare Latin augeō and English augment.


रुज्

head

रुज् • (ruj)

sa-root

रुज् • (ruj)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break off, shatter”). Cognate with Ancient Greek λῠγρός (lugrós, “mournful”), Latin lugeō whence English lugubrious; Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), whence English louk.


रुज्

ruj (romanization)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजी (dual nominative)
रुञ्जि (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजी (dual vocative)
रुञ्जि (plural vocative)
रुक् (accusative singular)
रुजी (accusative dual)
रुञ्जि (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)


रुज्

ruj (romanization)
रुक् (nominative singular)
रुजौ (dual nominative)
रुजा1 (dual nominative)
रुजः (nominative plural)
रुक् (singular vocative)
रुजौ (dual vocative)
रुजा1 (dual vocative)
रुजः (plural vocative)
रुजम् (accusative singular)
रुजौ (accusative dual)
रुजा1 (accusative dual)
रुजः (accusative plural)
रुजा (instrumental singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रुग्भिः (instrumental plural)
रुजे (dative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (dative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (dative plural)
रुजः (ablative singular)
रुग्भ्याम् (ablative dual)
रुग्भ्यः (ablative plural)
रुजः (genitive singular)
रुजोः (dual genitive)
रुजाम् (genitive plural)
रुजि (locative singular)
रुजोः (dual locative)
रुक्षु (locative plural)


लिख्

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyḱ- (“scratch, line”), an extension of *h₁rey- (“scratch”). Cognate with English row, Ancient Greek ἐρείκω (ereíkō, “to rend, bruise, pound”), Lithuanian riekti (“to slice”).


अङ्गद

/ˈɐŋ.ɡɐ.d̪ɐ/

a bracelet worn on the upper arm, armband


अङ्गद

head

अङ्गद • (aṅgada)

/ˈɐŋ.ɡɐ.d̪ɐ/


अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

sa-proper noun

अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि • (amerikāyāḥ saṃyuktarājyāni) stem, n

/ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːh s̪ɐ̃.juk.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i/

[ɐ.meː.ɾiˈkɑː.jɑːhɑ̆ s̪ɐ̃.juk̚.t̪ɐ.ɾɑːd͡ʑˈjɑː.n̪i]

Calque of English United States of America

calque

United States of America
United States of America#English

(New Sanskrit) United States of America (a country in North America)

sa:अमेरिकायाः संयुक्तराज्यानि

en-अमेरिकायाः_संयुक्तराज्यानि-sa-name-6DbKFMqU


वाञ्छ्

head

वाञ्छ् • (vāñch)

sa-root

वाञ्छ् • (vāñch)

From an *-sk- extension of Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”). Cognate with English wish.


केनडा

/ˈkeː.n̪ɐ.ɖɑː/

Borrowed from English Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).

der

(New Sanskrit) Canada (a country in North America)


विप्

head

विप् • (vip)

sa-root

विप् • (vip)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to shake, tremble, agitate; swing away; turn”). Cognate with Old Norse veifa (“flag”), Old English wifer (“missile”), Latin vibrō whence English vibrate, veer; English weave (“to wander”), wave, wipe.

inh

to tremble, shake, shiver, vibrate, quiver, be stirred, etc.


विच्

head

विच् • (vic)

sa-root

विच् • (vic)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wayč- (“to sift, separate”) (compare Persian بیختن (bixtan, “to sift, sieve”)), traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to separate, choose, set aside”), an extension of *wey- (“to separate”) (though Cheung and Mayrhofer find this doubtful). If so, then cognate with Proto-Germanic *wīhaz (“sacred, holy”), Old Norse vé (“temple, sanctuary”), Latin victima, English witch.

inh

to sift, separate (esp. grain from chaff by winnowing)


शुन्ध्

head

शुन्ध् • (śundh)

sa-root

शुन्ध् • (śundh)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱew-n-dʰ- (“clean”), an extension of *ḱew- (“to shine”).


शा

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃(i)- (“to sharpen”). Cognate with Latin catus (“clever, cunning, sharp”), cuneus (“wedge”) whence English coin; Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos) whence English cone; English hone.


वृज्

head

वृज् • (vṛj)

sa-root

वृज् • (vṛj)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂werg- (“to turn”). Cognate with Latin vergō, the source of English converge etc.


शुष्

head

शुष् • (śuṣ)

sa-root

शुष् • (śuṣ)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“dry”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sȗxъ (“dry”), Lithuanian sausas (“dry”), Proto-Germanic *sauzaz (“dry”) whence English sear.


श्लाघ्

head

श्लाघ् • (ślāgh)

sa-root

श्लाघ् • (ślāgh)

desc

→ Malayalam: ശ്ലാഘിക്കുക (ślāghikkuka) (learned)

→ Tamil: சிலாகி (cilāki)


रहित

rahita (romanization)
रहितः (nominative singular)
रहितौ (dual nominative)
रहिताः (nominative plural)
रहित (singular vocative)
रहितौ (dual vocative)
रहिताः (plural vocative)
रहितम् (accusative singular)
रहितौ (accusative dual)
रहितान् (accusative plural)
रहितेन (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहितैः (instrumental plural)
रहिताय (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितात् (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितस्य (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहिते (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितेषु (locative plural)
रहिता (nominative singular)
रहिते (dual nominative)
रहिताः (nominative plural)
रहिते (singular vocative)
रहिते (dual vocative)
रहिताः (plural vocative)
रहिताम् (accusative singular)
रहिते (accusative dual)
रहिताः (accusative plural)
रहितया (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहिताभिः (instrumental plural)
रहितायै (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहिताभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितायाः (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहिताभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितायाः (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहितायाम् (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितासु (locative plural)
रहितम् (nominative singular)
रहिते (dual nominative)
रहितानि (nominative plural)
रहित (singular vocative)
रहिते (dual vocative)
रहितानि (plural vocative)
रहितम् (accusative singular)
रहिते (accusative dual)
रहितानि (accusative plural)
रहितेन (instrumental singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
रहितैः (instrumental plural)
रहिताय (dative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (dative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (dative plural)
रहितात् (ablative singular)
रहिताभ्याम् (ablative dual)
रहितेभ्यः (ablative plural)
रहितस्य (genitive singular)
रहितयोः (dual genitive)
रहितानाम् (genitive plural)
रहिते (locative singular)
रहितयोः (dual locative)
रहितेषु (locative plural)

sa-decl-noun

Masculine a-stem declension of रहित

Feminine ā-stem declension of रहित

Neuter a-stem declension of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">रहित</i>

→ Hindi: रहित (rahit)

→ Telugu: రహితము (rahitamu)

/ˈɾɐ.ɦi.t̪ɐ/

excluding, without, left, devoid, forsaken, quitted, lonely, solitary

deserted by, separated or free from, deprived or void or destitute of

(in beginning of compounds) wanting, absent


श्लिष्

head

श्लिष् • (śliṣ)

sa-root

श्लिष् • (śliṣ)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćRayš (“to adhere, attach”); cognate with Persian سِریشُم (serišom, “glue”). Further origin is uncertain; perhaps related to Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean, incline”).

inh

to result, be the consequence of anything


सच्

From Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Old Persian 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁 (haxamaniš, “friendly mannered (the ruler Achaemenes)”), Latin sequor (“follow”) whence English sequence etc., Latin socius, Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“warrior, retainer”).

cog

to be associated with, familiar with, have to do with


श्वित्

head

श्वित् • (śvit)

sa-root

श्वित् • (śvit)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“bright, shine; white”), an extension of *ḱwey-. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta), Persian سفید (safêd), Proto-Slavic *světъ (“light, world”), Old English hwīt (whence English white).


श्रि

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श्रि • (śri)

sa-root

श्रि • (śri)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean, incline”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “lean”), giving κλῖμᾰξ (klîmax, “ladder, staircase; climax”), κλῐ́μᾰ (klíma, “slope”) whence English climate; Latin clīnō (“lean”) whence English incline etc; English lean, Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō whence English ladder.